Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Mujibur Rehman (Indian activist)

2026-05-08T02:06:52Z

TeganJ7136381: starting stub

{{Proposed deletion/dated
|concern = Fails in [[WP:GNG]].
|timestamp = 20260506033323
|nom = BhikhariInformer
|help = off
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{{Prod2|Poorly sourced [[WP:BLP|BLP]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
'''Mujibur Rehman''', is a [[Right To Information]] activist, [[whistle-blower]] and anti-corruption fighter from the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]]. He is a state-level General Secretary of the [[India Against Corruption]] people's movement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiaagainstcorruption.net.in/about-us |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130108070826/http://indiaagainstcorruption.net.in/about-us |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-08 |title=About us |publisher=India Against Corruption |accessdate=2013-06-17 }}</ref> He is notable for exposing a financial scandal by the officials of Coal India in 2006. Where money was collected as donations towards prime minister's relief fund for [[Kargil war]] and [[cyclone]] from factory workers was siphoned off by company officials. He says that his life was threatened for exposing this.<ref>{{cite web|author=K.P. Narayana Kumar |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/n4LW0V1c8hVipT5IsIVLJM/RTI-whistleblower-says-he-is-being-threatened.html |title=RTI whistle-blower says he is being threatened |publisher=Livemint |date=2007-10-22 |accessdate=2013-06-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rehman, Mujibur}}
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Activists from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Right to Information activists]]
[[Category:Indian freedom of information activists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sayyid Taqiuddin Muhammad

2026-04-30T17:52:44Z

TeganJ7136381:

'''Sayyid Taqiuddin Muhammad Bhaakri ''' was born at [[Jhusi|Jhunsi]], district Allahabad, India in 720 H (1320 AD). In his early life he gained knowledge of [[Sharia|Shariyat]] (law) and Tariqat (path of spirituality) from his father [[Makhdoom Shaban ul Millat Ali Murtaza|Ali Murtaza Bayabani]],<ref>Encyclopaedia of Indian Mysticism: Sufi saints and mysticism, Volume 11 page 127</ref><ref>Islamic Culture - Volume 7 - Page 655</ref><ref>Kabir and the Kabir Panth - Page 40</ref> who was a Sufi of [[Suhrawardiyya|Soharwardi]] order.
Sayyid Taqiuddin left for [[Bukhara]] in what is now Uzbekistan in search of knowledge and higher education. He stayed there for 12 years and learned from Sayyid Muhammad Bhakkari.<ref>[https://www.slideshare.net/syedshibli11/mamba-ul-ansab-urdu-high-quality-pdf Manba ul Ansab pdf]</ref>
Later, he married daughter of Sayyid Muhammad Bhakkari.
Afterwards, Taqiuddin returned to his home town Jhunsi and started spreading message of Islam. He died at the age of 64 or 65 years on 7th Zul hijja 785 H (31 January 1384) and his Shrine is located in Jhunsi (10 km from Allahabad).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=Shaban+ul+millat&pg=PA213 Sadar ul haq][later Mugal on page 213]</ref>

==More Information==

* [[Manba Al-Ansab]], written by Shah Moin ul-Haq<ref>Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey, Volume 1, Part 2 page 948</ref>
* Tahrir al Mutaqid fi Halat al Murshid, written by Haji Rumi (Khalifa of Shaykh Taqi)

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Sufis]]
[[Category:1320 births]]
[[Category:1384 deaths]]

Sindhooram (2023 film)

2026-04-30T00:15:34Z

TeganJ7136381: new some info w/ sources - done

{{No plot|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sindhooram
| image = Sindhooram (2023 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Shyam Tummalapalli
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Praveen Reddy Janga
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Brigida Saga]]
*[[Dharma Kakani|Dharma]]
*[[Siva Balaji]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Kesav
| editing = Jesvin Prabu
| music = Gowra Hari
| studio = Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Movie Makers
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|1|26}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Sindhooram''''' ({{translation|[[Vermilion]]}}) is a 2023 Indian Telugu-language social drama film directed by Shyam Tummalapalli and starring [[Brigida Saga]] (in her lead and Telugu debut),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/youtube-sensation-and-master-actress-brigida-saga-turns-heroine/articleshow/88200277.cms|title=YouTube sensation and 'Master' actress Brigida Saga turns heroine|date=10 December 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Dharma, and [[Siva Balaji]].

== Cast ==
*[[Dharma Kakani|Dharma]] as Ravi
*[[Siva Balaji]] as Singanna
*[[Brigida Saga]] as Sirisha Reddy
* [[Ravi Varma Adduri]] as Easwar Reddy, Sirisha's brother
* Dayanand Reddy as [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Palaniyappan
* Keshav Deepak as businessman
* [[Chakrapani Ananda]] as Narasimhulu
*

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by Gowra Hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/album/sindhooram-telugu-2022|title=Sindhooram|date=2023|work=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Anandamo Avesamo
| lyrics1 = Balaji
| extra1 = [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
| length1 = 5:29
| title2 = Sindhooram Title Song
| lyrics2 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra2 = [[Saisharan]]
| length2 = 4:00
| title3 = Ohh Madhiriga Saagey
| lyrics3 = Balaji
| extra3 = Satya Prakash, Harini Ivaturi
| length3 = 2:40
| title4 = Kaalaaley
| lyrics4 = Gowra Hari
| extra4 = Gowra Hari
| length4 = 3:17

}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Director Shyam Tummalapalli, with ''Sindhooram'', takes a bold stance in showing the mirror to communism while telling this story inspired by true events. Impressive performances by the cast combined with strong content might make the audience look past the lacuna".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/sindhooram/movie-review/97343690.cms|title=Sindhooram Movie Review : A thought-provoking drama on contrasting ideologies|last=Nicodemus|first=Paul|date=26 January 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[NTV (Telugu)|NTV]]'' felt that the film was twenty years late.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/sindooram-movie-review-307693.html|title=Sindhooram Movie Review: సింధూరం|language=te|date=26 January 2023|first=Subbarao|last=N|work=[[NTV (Telugu)|NTV]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[HT Media|OTTplay]]'' wrote that "If you find your way past a middling, dull first hour, Sindhooram is a not-so-bad (anti) naxal drama with a few interesting twists".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/sindhooram-review-where-the-story-triumphs-over-the-storytelling/4150355554369|title=Sindhooram review: Where the story triumphs over the storytelling|date=25 January 2023|last= Nadadhur|first=Srivathsan |work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]]}}</ref>

== Home media ==
The film was streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] as of 21 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/siva-balaji-starrer-sindhooram-movie-streaming-ott-1593470|title=Sindhooram 2023 Movie: Sindhooram movie now on Amazon Prime|work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]|language=te|date=21 April 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt21935486}}

[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language drama films]]
[[Category:2023 drama films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]

Bharatpur-Sonhat Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:24:23Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding new page first draft

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bharatpur-Sonhat
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Koriya district|Koriya]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Korba Lok Sabha constituency|Korba]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Renuka Singh (politician)|Renuka Singh]]
|incumbent_image = Renuka Singh.png
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = {{formatnum:176696}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| constituency_no = 1
| map_image= Bharatpur-Sonhat Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Bharatpur-Sonhat''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [https://manendragarh-chirmiri-bharatpur.cg.gov.in/ Manedragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Phoolchand Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Champa Devi Pawle<ref name="election2013">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|Gulab Kamro<ref name="election2018" />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Renuka Singh (politician)|Renuka Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2023]]: Bharatpur-Sonhat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Renuka Singh (politician)|Renuka Singh]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 55,809
|percentage = 37.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gulab Kamro
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 50,890
|percentage = 32.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shyam Singh Markam
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 33,863
|percentage = 22.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Krishana Prasad Cherva
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 1133
|percentage = 0.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,573
|percentage = 1.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,919
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,48,678
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Bharatpur-Sonhat<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Gulab Kamro]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 51,732
|percentage = 38.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Champa Devi Pawle]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 35,199
|percentage = 26.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Shyam Singh Markam]]
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 26,632
|percentage = 20.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Krishana Prasad Cherva]]
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 9,689
|percentage = 7.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,360
|percentage = 2.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,533
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,33,175
|percentage = 83.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* जिला मनेन्द्रगढ़-चिरमिरी-भरतपुर छत्तीसगढ़ सरकार | प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्य से परिपूर्ण, मनेन्द्रगढ़-चिरमिरी-भरतपुर | भारत

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|23.48|82.52|display=title}}

[[Category:Koriya district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

All Indian Cine Workers Association

2026-04-18T05:53:49Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding some details more to come

{{Short description|Indian non-profit}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = AICWA
| location = [[India]]
| affiliations =
| full_name = '''All indian Cine Workers Association'''
| native_name =
| logo = All indian cine workers association.png
| caption =
| founder = [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]] (President)
| type = [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit]]
| headquarters = 5, Sunheights Building, Suncity Complex, Near Shyamlal Sohanlal Gupta Chowk, JVLR, [[Powai]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] - 400076
| key_people =
| website = {{url|www.aicwa.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''All Indian Cine Workers Association''' ('''AICWA''') is a [[non-profit organization]] registered at [[Mumbai]]. Founded by [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]]. AICWA works for security and safety of cine workers and artists of [[Indian film industry]]. It was formed for the betterment of workers and artists in the [[Indian film industry]] & giving them a platform for resolution of their grievances. It is affiliated with [[Government of Maharashtra]].

==Organization==
All Indian Cine Workers Association (AICWA) is an Organized Non-Government workers union for the [[Indian Film Industry]]. AICWA made a revolution by organizing a meeting with [[labor ministry]] and forming a government committee in which AICWA is a committee member and representing workers and Artists working in the Indian Film Industry. AICWA is one of the leading and specialized associations working for the betterment of artists and workers in the Indian film industry. Its president [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]] is a committee member of labor, Energy, and Industries in the government of [[Maharashtra]]. AICWA banned Pakistani artists from Indian films during the [[Pulwama]] [[Terror attack]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47479747/|title=Bollywood ban may hurt Pakistan more than India|work=BBC}}</ref>

Backing up the same, the organization has pleaded for a relief fund from [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra govt]] seeking financial help for cine workers ruled out of their work during [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/lockdown-cine-workers-body-seeks-relief-from-maha-govt/1803473|title=Lockdown: Cine workers' body seeks relief from Maha govt|work=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/entertainment-56796407.amp|title=कोरोना: महाराष्ट्र में लॉकडाउन लगा, तो फ़िल्म और टीवी इंडस्ट्री को कितना नुक़सान?|work=BBC News Hindi}}</ref> Moreover, AICWA has raised a demand for Cine Workers Welfare Fund by making a representation to [[Nana Patole]], the Speaker of the Maharashtra Assembly. The same was put forth to [[Chief Minister]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]] for the grant.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.uniindia.com/set-up-cine-workers-welfare-fund-aicwa/west/news/2064005.html|title=Set up Cine Workers Welfare Fund :AICWA|work=UNI India}}</ref>

AICWA has presence in [[Maharashtra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] with active members from all over the country. It is headquartered in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], with around 15 active offices in other states. Key people of AICWA is affiliated with the Government of Maharashtra as officially appointed representative of Cine-Television artists and workers.{{fact|date=June 2022}}

During the First wave of [[COVID-19]] [[pandemic]], an essential step was taken by AICWA president [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]], he wrote a letter to [[Maharashtra]] [[Chief Minister]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]] seeking financial help for the workers of [[Film industry]], while a nation-wide lockdown was imposed to fight against the [[pandemic|COVID-19]]. Film workers needed financial support for livelihood, few film stars, and directors had tried helping them but it was not enough so AICWA requested the state government to pay Rs. 5000 to each family on a monthly basis to sustain their livelihood.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/lockdown-cine-workers-body-seeks-relief-from-maha-govt-120041501338_1.html|title=Lockdown: Cine workers' body seeks relief from Maha govt|work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/news/lockdown-cine-workers-body-seeks-134928101.html |title=Lockdown: Cine workers' body seeks relief from Maha govt|work=Yahoo News}}</ref>

==Objectives==
* All Indian Cine Workers Association (AICWA) standards are broadly aimed at ensuring accessible, productive, and sustainable work conditions with a focus on security and dignity for cine workers and artists.
* To make this unorganized sector (film industry) into an organized setup where the worker's interests are the priority & due diligence is placed to achieve the same.
* To set up a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the day-to-day working of the Organization ensuring timely & responsible solutions to problems of cine workers.
* To secure the speedy improvement of conditions of work and life and of the status of the workers in industry and society.
* Working to enhance the Social and Economic conditions of the workers.
* Providing Legal and Social Assistance to artists and workers in Cinema as well as the TV industry.
* Actively engaged with state governments for providing sustainable services to cinema and TV industry workers and artists.
* Conducting stress management sessions.
* Formulated a committee against women/child harassment.
* Helping government formulate laws for Minimum Working Hours, Minimum wages act, Provident Fund, ESIC, [[Life insurance]] & Mediclaim, Safety & Security for cine artists and workers.
* To promote and work on a Pan India level by forming Regional Offices for timely resolution of issues.
* To foster the spirit of solidarity, service, brotherhood, cooperation, and mutual help among the workers.
* To develop a sense of responsibility towards the industry and community.
* To raise the worker's morale by creating good working conditions.

==Controversies==
* During the First wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic while full lockdown was imposed as per government guideline and all shooting was also stopped from 19 to 31 March 2020. AICWA president [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]] noted actually a few shooting was still not stopped as well as safety instructions were also not followed. Only 50 percent of the shooting was stopped at Goregaon Firm City and the rest still continued without following safety guidelines. A notification was issued from Principal Secretary of the Health Department Dr. Pradeep Vyas that must follow safety hygiene while shooting still all the safety hygiene was neglected.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://yespunjab.com/covid-19-bollywood-flouting-shoot-restrictions-and-hygiene-advice/|title=COVID-19: Bollywood flouting shoot restrictions and hygiene advice?|work=Yes Punjab|archive-date=6 June 2021|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606173639/https://yespunjab.com/covid-19-bollywood-flouting-shoot-restrictions-and-hygiene-advice/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In 2018, [[Cinevistaas Limited|Cine Vista Studio]]'s management faced rage from AICWA as one crew member lost his life due to negligence on the part of the studio owners, the production house, and the producer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-fire-at-cinevista-studio-no-injuries-reported-5014669/|title=Mumbai: Fire at Cinevista Studio, no injuries reported|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> "Although a huge quantity of wood was used on the set, they had not adopted safety measures. Many union members have complained about it," said Gupta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/studio-blaze-claims-1-union-cries-negligence/articleshow/62407645.cms|title=Studio blaze claims 1, union cries negligence|work=Times of India}}</ref> Later a notice was served to Cine Vista regarding the same.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/cinevista-served-notice-for-lack-of-firefighting-system/article22399568.ece|title=Cinevista served notice for lack of firefighting system|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
* AICWA lodged a complaint at [[Chembur]] [[Police station]] on 11 July 2018 against over-the-top media services provider [[Netflix]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] and the producers of the new series [[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]] for insulting the late [[Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/story/sacred-games-controversy-now-aicwa-files-complaint-against-nawazuddin-anurag-kashyap-and-others-tmov-556019-2018-07-12|title=सैक्रेड गेम्स: पूर्व PM को अपशब्द कहने पर AICWA ने भी दी शिकायत|work=Aajtak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sacred-games-another-complaint-filed-against-makers-of-sacred-games-nawazuddin-siddiqui-1881886|title=Second Congress Activist's Complaint Against Nawazuddin Over Netflix Show|work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/complaint-filed-against-sacred-games-for-maligning-rajiv-gandhi|title=Congress Spokesperson Backs Complaint Against 'Sacred Games'|work=The Quint}}</ref> Highlighting the incident, [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]] stated, "I would like to draw your attention towards a serial called 'Sacred Games' which has started on Netflix contains a scene from the fourth episode in which the lead actor Nawazuddin Siddiqui is seen abusing our [[Rajiv Gandhi]] by calling him 'fattu' (p**** as translated in the subtitle of the show)."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/sacred-games-another-congress-activist-lodges-complaint-against-the-show-1283413-2018-07-12|title=Sacred Games: Another Congress activist lodges complaint against the show|work=India Today}}</ref>
* After the [[2019 Pulwama attack]] All Indian Cine Workers Association announced a ban on all [[Pakistani actors]] and artists in the [[Indian film industry]], and stated that strong action would be taken on any organization violating this resolution.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/pakistan/pakistani-actors-banned-from-working-in-india-after-kashmir-attack|title=Pakistani actors banned from working in India after Kashmir attack|work=Khaleej Times}}</ref>
* AICWA demanded a ban on Pakistani artists, diplomats & bilateral relations by writing a formal request to Hon'ble [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]]. The association issued a statement, "AICWA demands a complete No on Pakistani artists, diplomats and no bilateral relations with Pakistan and its people."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-indian-cine-workers-association-writes-to-pm-modi-demands-ban-on-pakistani-artists-and-diplomats-2780456|title=Indian Cine Workers Association writes to PM Modi, demands ban on Pakistani artists and diplomats|work=DNA India}}</ref> [[President (corporate title)|President]] of the association appreciated bold decisions of [[Home Minister]] [[Amit Shah]] and [[Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/aicwa-writes-letter-to-pm-narendra-modi-demanding-complete-ban-on-pakistani-artists-1579005-2019-08-09|title=AICWA writes letter to PM Narendra Modi demanding complete ban on Pakistani artists|work=India Today}}</ref>
* All Indian Cine Workers Association (AICWA) on 19 February wrote a letter to the [[Minister of External Affairs]], [[Sushma Swaraj]], asking for Pakistani artists to be deported and their visas canceled following the [[2019 Pulwama attack|Pulwama terror attack]]. AICWA said that the attack was a "cowardly, shameful and most disgraceful act of Pakistan."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/pulwama-terror-attack-all-indian-cine-workers-association-writes-letter-to-sushma-swaraj-asking-for-visa-cancellation-deportation-of-pakistani-artistes-923592|title=Pulwama terror attack: All Indian Cine Workers Association writes a letter to Sushma Swaraj asking for visa cancellation & deportation of Pakistani artistes!|work=ABP Live}}</ref> The association stated that 'Nation Comes First' and claimed to stand with the nation in times of such terrifying and inhuman acts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pulwama-attack-film-bodies-ban-release-of-indian-films-in-pakistan-say-nation-comes-first-1995374|title=Pulwama Attack: Film Bodies Ban Release Of Indian Films In Pakistan, Say 'Nation Comes First'|work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/228507-indian-cinema-association-bans-pakistani-artists-after-pulwama-attack|title=Indian cinema association bans Pakistani artists after Pulwama attack|work=GEO News}}</ref> It further declared a ban on Pak artists after the Pulwama incident and pleaded the Centre to cancel the work visas of all Pakistani artists.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/shocking-aicwa-announces-pak-artists-ban-post-pulwama-carnaged/23918|title=SHOCKING! AICWA announces Pak artists ban post Pulwama carnaged|work=Times Now News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-aicwa-to-pm-modi-sushma-swaraj-cancel-work-visas-of-pakistani-artists-requests-strict-action-505481|title=AICWA to PM Modi, Sushma Swaraj: Cancel work visas of Pakistani artists, requests strict action|work=India TV News}}</ref>
* All Indian Cine Workers Association (AICWA) announced a complete ban on Pakistani artists and singers after the Pakistan-based [[Pulwama]] terrorist attack in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Sheikh Latif, a Pakistani citizen, moved to the [[Lahore High Court]] on seeking a complete ban on trade and exhibition of [[Indian films]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1465276|title=LHC moved for ban on Indian films |work=Dawn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2019/02/22/petition-lahore-hc-seeks-ban-exhibiting-indian-films-pakistan.html|title=Petition in Lahore HC seeks ban on exhibiting Indian films in Pakistan |work=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/world-news-lahore-high-court-moved-for-complete-ban-on-indian-films/325926|title=Lahore High Court Moved For Complete Ban On Indian Films |work=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/petition-in-lahore-hc-seeks-complete-ban-on-exhibition-of-indian-films-in-pak-925489|title=Petition in Lahore HC seeks complete ban on exhibition of Indian films in Pak |work=Abp Live}}</ref>
* On 8 August 2019, AICWA demanded blanket ban on Pakistani Artists, diplomats after Pakistan banned screening of Indian films across border. "Entire film industry and cine workers have refused to resume work till there is a complete ban of Pakistani movie makers, artists, and trade partner," the statement by AICWA reads.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/aicwa-demands-blanket-ban-on-pak-artists-after-the-screening-of-indian-films-was-banned-across-border-1050343|title=AICWA Demands Blanket Ban On Pak Artists After The Screening Of Indian Films Was Banned Across Border|work=ABP Live}}</ref>
* AICWA banned and boycotted [[Mika Singh]] from the [[film industry]] after Singh performed at a wedding in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/aicwa-bans-mika-singh-after-his-performance-in-pakistan-no-one-in-india-will-work-with-him-1580598-2019-08-14|title=AICWA bans Mika Singh after his performance in Pakistan: No one in India will work with him|work=India Today}}</ref> Members of association protested outside Mika Singh House after he performed at an event in Pakistan at a former [[Director general|dictator General]] [[Parvez Musharraf]]'s relatives function.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/aicwa-workers-protest-against-singer-mika-singh-2228379.html|title=AICWA workers protest against singer Mika Singh|work=Zee News}}</ref> As per the statement, "AICWA workers will make sure that no one in India works with Mika Singh and if anyone does, they will face legal consequences in the court of law".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mika-singh-banned-from-the-indian-film-industry/article29091020.ece|title=Mika Singh banned by All Indian Cine Workers Association after Karachi concert|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/all-indian-cine-workers-association-bans-and-boycotts-mika-singh-pakistan-5904064/|title=AICWA and FWICE ban Mika Singh for performing in Pakistan|work=Indian Express}}</ref> AICWA also requested [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]’s intervention in this regard.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/singer-mika-singh-banned-and-boycotted-by-all-india-cine-workers-association-after-performing-at-event-in-pakistan-1053752|title=Singer Mika Singh BANNED And BOYCOTTED By All India Cine Workers Association After Performing At Event In Pakistan!|work=ABPLive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/film-body-bans-mika-singh-after-performance-in-karachi-2084813|title=Film Body Bans Mika Singh After Performance In Karachi|work=NDTV}}</ref>
* AICWA demanded ban on Punjabi film [[Chal Mera Putt]] for casting Pakistani artists. In this regard, the association has sent a formal letter to the Captain [[Amarinder Singh]], CM of [[Punjab]]. A copy of the same was also forwarded to the Hon Shri [[Prakash Javadekar]] (Minister of Information & Broadcasting), Hon Shri [[Subrahmanyam Jaishankar]] (former Minister Of External Affairs) and Hon Shri [[Prasoon Joshi]] (Chairman, [[Central Board of Film Certification]]) for their kind perusal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/ghaintpunjab/Article/15054/aicwa-demands-ban-on-punjabi-movie-chal-mera-putt-for-casting-pakistani-artists|title=AICWA Demands Ban On Punjabi Movie 'Chal Mera Putt' For Casting Pakistani Artists!|work=Ghaint Punjab|archive-date=20 July 2021|access-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720054735/https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/ghaintpunjab/Article/15054/aicwa-demands-ban-on-punjabi-movie-chal-mera-putt-for-casting-pakistani-artists|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* After [[Yogi Adityanath]] announced a new film city in [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]], AICWA's [[President (corporate title)|president]] said, "By the way, shooting of many films is going on in [[Lucknow]]. It is possible sometimes but not many films will be shot. Women feel safe in [[Mumbai]]. There are around 30 percent women associated with [[film industry]] in [[Mumbai]]. I doubt if the freedom to work day and night be available to them there?"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-55161894|title=मुंबईतील बॉलीवुड उत्तर प्रदेशातील फिल्मसिटीमुळे खरंच धोक्यात येईल?|work=BBC News Marathi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/entertainment-55168685|title=योगी की नई फ़िल्म सिटी से मुंबई को कितना ख़तरा|work=BBC News Hindi}}</ref>
* [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]], President of All Indian Cine Workers Association raised the issues related to the wages of the workers. Raised voice to stop increasing cases of mental stress and suicide due to non-payment of wages and work to laborers during the lockdown.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/entertainment-53876038.amp|title=फ़िल्म-टीवी इंडस्ट्री के लोग कैसे डिप्रेशन में चले जाते हैं|work=BBC News Hindi}}</ref>
*All Indian Cine Workers Association (AICWA) Union has demanded an SIT probe into the suicide of noted art director Raju Sapte. On their demand, the matter was raised in the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] in which a meeting was held under the leadership of [[Home Minister]] [[Dilip Walse-Patil]] and [[States and union territories of India|State]] [[Home Minister]] [[Satej Patil]], and orders were issued to take strict action against the culprits. In this case, [[Suresh Shyamlal Gupta]], President of All Indian Cine Workers Association, submitted a letter to the Government of Maharashtra, highlighting the association of the named accused with the Federation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/raju-sapte-suicide-case-reaches-to-state-home-minister-dilip-walse-patil|title=राजू सपते आत्महत्या मामला: अब उठेगा पूरी साजिश से परदा, गृहमंत्री पाटिल तक पहुंचा 'दबंगों' का मामला |work=Amar Ujala Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/raju-sapte-suicide-case-fwice-leader-accused-mcoca|title=राजू सपते सुसाइड केस: फेडरेशन ऑफ वेस्टर्न इंडिया सिने एम्प्लॉईज के नेता नामजद, मकोका लगाने की मांग |work=Amar Ujala Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/raju-sapte-suicide-case-after-the-instructions-of-home-minister-maharashtra-police-arrested-main-accused|title=राजू सपते सुसाइड केस: गृहमंत्री के निर्देश से महाराष्ट्र पुलिस हरकत में, मुख्य आरोपी गिरफ्तार |work=Amar Ujala Hindi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Website|aicwa.in}}

[[Category:Film organisations in India]]
[[Category: Film industry in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Entertainment industry unions]]

Saheb Ramrao Khandare

2026-04-15T13:33:38Z

TeganJ7136381: new new bio w/ refs - done

{{orphan|date=January 2016|att=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Saheb Ramrao Khandare
| image = Saheb Ramrao Khandare.jpg
| alt =
| birth_date = 5 July 1962
| birth_place = Gaul Bar

| occupation = Principal
| notable_works = Theory of Interdisciplinary Study
}}

'''Saheb Ramrao Khandare''' (born 5 July 1962) is an Indian [[Indology|Indologist]],<ref>Dange, Ramdas, extracted by Navnath Gore in preface of his book Dr. Saheb Khandare: Sahitya Samiksha ani Sanshodhan, Page fifteen.</ref> [[Folklore studies|folklorist]]<ref>Morje, Gangadhar, ‘Loksahitya Abhysachi Navi Disha’, Lokvidhy Patrika, Ja-Fe-Ma 2004</ref> critic<ref>Nalage, Chandrakumar, ‘Lekh Aalekh: Bahuvid Kalakrutinchi Samiksha’, Purogami Vyaspeeth, December 2001</ref> and experimental poet who writes in the [[Marathi language]].<ref>Pai, Shirish, Ek Navi Prem Kavita, Bahinai Deevali Aank, Pune 1993</ref>

Khandare is said to have brought [[consciousness]] techniques into Marathi drama.<ref>Pawade, Dr Sathish, Dr Saheb Khandare: Uttaradhunic Natyapravratticha Janak, Lokvidhy Patrika, Ju-Au-Sa 2012</ref> He introduced a new branch in history writing through his book ''Marathyancha Samajik Sanskrutik Ithas'', i.e. socio-cultural history.<ref>Aaher, Ashok, Interdisciplinary Research of Primitive Indian History, p.261</ref>

Khandare was the first to introduce the ‘Theory of Interdisciplinary Studies’<ref>Nimbhore, Gajanan. ‘Interdisciplinary Research, Theory and Methodologies of Dr Saheb Khandare’, 2016 (a doctoral thesis)</ref> to [[India]] in 1993, and also formed a new ‘Folklorical Criticism’ for arts and literature.<ref>Papers of ‘A Workshop on Interdisciplinary Research’ by Saheb Khandare, Organized by Institute of Social Sciences and Folklore Research, Parbhani, 1993</ref>

Khandare received the ‘Best Literature Award’ from the [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra Government]] the in 2002 for the book ''Aata Ujadel'',<ref>Best Literature Award Prospectus, Published by Maharashtra Government 2002</ref> in 2003 for the book ''Loksahitya Shabda ani Prayog'',<ref>Best Literature Award Prospectus, Published by Maharashtra Government 2003</ref> in 2008 for the book ''Marathyancha Samajik Sanskrutik Itihas'',<ref>Best Literature Award Prospectus, Published by Maharashtra Government 2008</ref> and in 2009 for the book ''Buddha Jatak''.<ref>Best Literature Award Prospectus, Published by Maharashtra Government 2009</ref>

Khandare was noted for his teaching skills by Maharashtra Government in 2004.<ref>Information of S. R. T. M. University, 2004</ref>

==Published work==

===Poetry===
* Ratrichya Kavita (1991)

===Plays===
* Brain Cancer (1990)
* Aata Ujadel (2002)

===Criticism===
* Swad-Aswad (1988)
* Lekh Aalekh (1991)
* Aatle Aawaj ({{ISBN|81-89730-17-7}}) (2009)

===Biography===
* Muktai (1992)

===Linguistics===
* Vyawaharic Marathi ({{ISBN|81-87043-81-4}}) (2002)
* Vyawaharic Marathi-II ({{ISBN|81-89730-11-8}}) (2003)

===Folklore Research===
* Eka Lokkathecha Abhyas ({{ISBN|81-89730-12-6}}) (2003)
* Aaradhyanchi lokgani ({{ISBN|81-89730-13-4}}) (2003)
* Sumbran: Sankalan ani Shodh ({{ISBN|81-89730-14-2}}) (2003)
* Loksahitya Sankalan ani Shodh (2004)
* Loksahitya [[Shabda]] ani prayog ({{ISBN|81-7774-062-8}}) (2003)
* Olakha Bara (2006)
* Loknatya Parampara ({{ISBN|81-89730-16-9}}) (2009)
* Bhartiya Krushichi Loksanskruti ({{ISBN|978-81-905009-8-2}}) (2009)
* Loksahityabhyas ({{ISBN|978-81-89730-25-3}}) (2014)
*Saphar Main Jindagi ({{ISBN|978-81-89730-36-9}}) Nepali to Hindi 2022

===Interdisciplinary Research===
* Marathyancha Samajic Sanskritik Itihas (2008)
* Buddha Jatak Vol. 1 ({{ISBN|978-81-905009-6-8}}) (2009)
* Bhartiya Krushisanskriti ({{ISBN|978-81-905009-9-9}}) (2013)
* Sheti, Shetakari and [[Sharad Pawar]] ({{ISBN|978-81-89730-27-7}}) (2014)

===Literary Research===
* Shivaji Maharajancha Powada ({{ISBN|978-81-905009-2-0}}) (2008)
* Nijamkalin Marathawadi Sahitya ({{ISBN|81-89730-18-5}}) (2010)

===Edited volumes===
* Keshawayan (1993)
* Prachin Marathi Kavita (2002)
* Suwarnamahotsavi Maharashtra ({{ISBN|81-89730-10-X}}) (2010)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Kant and Navnath, ‘Dr Saheb Khandare: Sahityasamikshya ani Sanshodhan’, Lokvidhya Publication, 2013
* Jivtode, Vitthal .‘Dr Saheb Khandare Yanche Sahitya ani Vichar, 2013 (a doctoral thesis)
* Nimbhore, Gajanan. ‘Interdisciplinary Research, Theory and Methodologies of Dr Saheb Khandare’, 2016 (a doctoral thesis)
* DrJivtode, Vitthal . Dr Saheb Khandare: Dnyanala Drusthi Denaara Manus (a Booke)
* Dr Jivtode, Vitthal .Dr Saheb Khandare : Sahity aani samiksha.
* Dr Subhash Shinde: Dr Saheb Khandare: A man looking ahead the time (A book on the work done by Dr Saheb Khandare, who has been working to achieve holistic sustainable development through ICH)

==Special Issues==
* Lokvidya Patrica, 2014

==Extra Links==
* http://bsvlss.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130212540/http://bsvlss.com/ |date=30 January 2016 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khandare, Saheb Ramrao}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian folklorists]]

Greenpeace India

2026-04-10T07:23:45Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding first post basic info - done

{{Short description|Indian non-governmental organisation}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
[[File:Greenpeace logo.svg|300 px|thumb|Greenpeace logo]]
'''[[Greenpeace India]]''' is the Indian branch of the global environmental group [[Greenpeace]], a non-profit [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], with a presence in 55 countries across Europe, the America, Asia. Greenpeace India has legally registered society in four locations with [[Bengaluru]] as its headquarters and other branches at [[Delhi]], [[Chennai]], [[Patna]].

==History==
The global organization known as [[Greenpeace]] today, came into existence in the year 1970 while Greenpeace India has been actively working on following:
* 2001 – Greenpeace, along with victim workers of Mercury Thermometer factory in Kodaikanal, forced the [[Hindustan Unilever]] to shut down the factory.
* 2001 – Greenpeace exposed the contamination of Pringles Potato Chips and Isomil [[Baby food]] with genetically engineered ingredients and questioned India's GMO free status.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/06/07/stories/14072186.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150119025500/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/06/07/stories/14072186.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-01-19|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2001-06-07|title=Greenpeace tables a damning report}}</ref>
* 2002 – Greenpeace ran a month-long campaign to create awareness on the potential threats of what could have become the first GE food crop in the country, resulting in the rejection of [[DMH-11 Mustard|genetically modified mustard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/dec/07bizsp.htm|title=GM mustard: Is health at risk?|work=rediff.com}}</ref>
*2003 – Greenpeace forces Hindustan Unilever to collect mercury waste from its shut down factory in Kodaikanal and send it to the US for recycling.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/07/world/hazardous-waste-is-shipped-from-india-to-us-recycling-plant.html|title=Hazardous Waste Is Shipped From India to U.S. Recycling Plant|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 June 2019}}</ref>
* 2004 – Bayer pulled out Genetic Engineering Research in India, clarifying its position in a letter to Greenpeace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.munlochygmvigil.org.uk/india_2005.htm#Anchor-15-11481|title=Munlochy GM Vigil|work=munlochygmvigil.org.uk}}</ref>
* 2005 – Greenpeace announced in a press conference in New Delhi, that farmers in the Narsampet mandal of [[Warangal district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] were cheated by over Rupees 2 crores because local officials had doctored data of Monsanto's poorly performing Bt cotton varieties. This led to an enquiry and subsequent ban on three varieties of BT Cotton, suspension of Joint Director of Agriculture (JDA) of Warangal district and state acceptance of fair compensation to farmers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.connectotel.com/gmfood/gp030305.txt |title=Greenpeace exposes Government-Monsanto nexus to cheat Indian farmers: calls on GEAC to revoke BT cotton permission. |date=3 March 2005 |website=www.connectotel.com |access-date=2019-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.munlochygmvigil.org.uk/india_2005.htm|title=Munlochy GM Vigil|work=munlochygmvigil.org.uk}}</ref>
* 2006 – Greenpeace exposed a scandal surrounding the Indian Government permitting France to dump a ship full of [[hazardous waste]] in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/france-asbestos-on-ship-negligible/article3237715.ece|title=France: asbestos on ship negligible|work=The Hindu|date=9 January 2006 }}</ref>
* 2010 – Greenpeace through a petition campaign succeeded in including "complete supplier liability" in the Nuclear Liability Bill.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.rediff.com/column/2010/mar/12/greenpeace-on-nuclear-liability-bill-drop-it.htm|title=Greenpeace on Nuclear Liability Bill: Drop it|date=12 March 2010|work=Rediff}}</ref>
* 2014 – the organization launched its first solar energy micro-grid, making Dharnai, a village in Bihar, energy independent.
* 2015 Government of India prevented a senior Green peace activist from travelling to London.<ref>{{cite news |title=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/66d33f58-9a1c-11e4-9602-00144feabdc0 |access-date=10 October 2022 |work=ft.com}}</ref>
* April 2015 – Government of India froze its bank accounts and suspended its license for failing to abide by FCRA norms<ref name="bankaccount" />
* 6 November 2015 – Registrar of Societies (RoS), of Chennai, in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], ordered de-registration of Greenpeace India citing financial fraud.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/greenpeace-india-claims-its-registration-cancelled-slams-intolerance-1240860|title=India Orders Greenpeace to Shut Down Over Fraud|access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref>
* 21 November 2015 – [[Madras High Court|Madras high court]] stays cancellation of Greenpeace India's registration, observing that the Tamil Nadu Registrar of Societies (RoS) had not followed principles of natural justice.<ref>{{cite news|title=Madras high court stays cancellation of Greenpeace India's registration|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/madras-high-court-stays-cancellation-of-greenpeace-indias-registration/articleshow/49865760.cms|access-date=22 June 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 November 2015}}</ref>

==Funding==
Greenpeace India stated in 2014 that it received 60% of its funding from donors in India, 38% from Netherlands-based Greenpeace International and less than 1% from the US-based [[ClimateWorks Foundation]], as of from June 2014 the organisation does not receive any foreign funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-greenpeace-idUSL4N0P038420140619|title=India moves to tighten controls on foreign funding for Greenpeace|work=Reuters|date=19 June 2014}}</ref> According to the organization, they did not accept money from governments, intergovernmental organizations, political parties or corporations in order to avoid their influence. Their core fundraising model is called "Direct Dialogue Recruitment" where the fundraising team goes out on the street directly approaching the common people to discuss the current environmental condition and how Greenpeace is working towards bringing in a positive change. These discussions eventually leads to enrolling the interested person as a donor and a volunteer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html|title=The Value of Environmental Activists|author=Sarah Jane Gilbert|work=hbs.edu|date=8 September 2008}}</ref>

=== Financial violations ===
In April 2015, Greenpeace was charged with several cases of financial violations under the FCRA (Foreign Contribution Regulation Act) by the [[Indian Government]]. The Indian Government had blocked all bank accounts on allegations of illegal opening and non disclosure of bank accounts to income tax authorities and financial mishandling of foreign donations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Govt to court: Greenpeace broke rules for opening accounts, use of foreign funds|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150526/jsp/frontpage/story_22209.jsp#.VZQ0Jvmqqko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529233927/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150526/jsp/frontpage/story_22209.jsp#.VZQ0Jvmqqko|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 29, 2015|accessdate=1 July 2015|agency=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Greenpeace violated FCRA norms, says official|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/greenpeace-violated-fcra-norms-says-official/article6866751.ece|accessdate=1 July 2015|work=The Hindu}}</ref> Violations also include spending more than 60% of funds for management expenses and tax evasion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/2-Entities-of-Greenpeace-India-Under-Lens-for-Tax-Violations/2015/02/07/article2656531.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507200216/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/2-Entities-of-Greenpeace-India-Under-Lens-for-Tax-Violations/2015/02/07/article2656531.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 7, 2015|title=2 Entities of Greenpeace India Under Lens for Tax Violations|publisher=|accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref> According to FCRA, NGOs cannot use more than 50% of foreign funds for administrative expenses. On April 28, 2015 Indian Government froze the bank accounts of Greenpeace India and suspended its license for failing to declare details of donations from abroad under FCRA.<ref name="bankaccount">{{cite news|title=Greenpeace India fights for survival after govt's clampdown on charities|url=http://news.webmarked.net/greenpeace-india-fights-for-survival-after-govts-clampdown-on-charities/|accessdate=22 May 2015|agency=ANI|publisher=news.webmarked.net|date=6 May 2015|archive-date=29 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529181229/http://news.webmarked.net/greenpeace-india-fights-for-survival-after-govts-clampdown-on-charities/|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the employees of Greenpeace India decided to work without salary in case funds run out.<ref>{{cite news|title=Greenpeace India vows to win 'malicious' funds battle|url=http://news.webmarked.net/greenpeace-india-vows-to-win-malicious-funds-battle/|accessdate=22 May 2015|agency=ANI|publisher=news.webmarked.net|date=21 May 2015}}</ref>

In May 2015, the [[Indian high courts|Indian High Court]] provided interim relief to open two of its domestic accounts to allow regular operations of the organisations but the money frozen by government was not allowed to be used pending further trial.<ref>{{cite news|title=Greenpeace Can Operate 2 Domestic Accounts: Delhi High Court|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/greenpeace-can-operate-2-domestic-accounts-delhi-high-court-766386|accessdate=1 July 2015|agency=NDTV}}</ref>

==Alleged anti-development activities==
Greenpeace has been accused of obstructing development activities by Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]], an accusation which was rejected by the organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/04/greenpeace-in-india-barred-from-receiving-foreign-funding|title=Greenpeace in India barred from receiving foreign funding|website=The Guardian|date=September 4, 2015|accessdate=June 1, 2020}}</ref> Greenpeace India has undertaken protests against thermal power, nuclear power, coal and [[Bauxite|aluminium mining]] across India. Greenpeace has also been active with promoting Solar energy equipment produced by the US-based Zemlin Surface Optical Corporation, especially in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/12-foreign-nationals-behind-stir-against-power|title=12 Foreign Nationals behind stir against power|website=Sunday Guardian|accessdate=31 July 2018|archive-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721140854/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/12-foreign-nationals-behind-stir-against-power|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Greenpeace India has admitted to anchoring local protests against coal mines and participating in seminars where foreign funding is sought for protests, but has clarified that the source of funding does not lessen the seriousness of harm to the environment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/foreign-ngos-giving-a-push-to-protestors/article1-949703.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704024429/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/foreign-ngos-giving-a-push-to-protestors/article1-949703.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 4, 2015|title=Foreign NGOs giving a push to protestors?|date=25 October 2012|publisher=|accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref>

A report by the Indian Intelligence Bureau accused Greenpeace of posing threat to Indian economic security.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ib-report-to-pmo-greenpeace-is-a-threat-to-national-economic-security/|title=IB report to PMO: Greenpeace is a threat to national economic security|date=11 June 2014|publisher=|accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref>

==Dharnai==
On July 20, 2014, Greenpeace India set up a 100 kW solar-based microgrid in [[Dharnai, Bihar]] costing 3 crores, that was supposed to provide 24×7 electricity to 450 homes and 50 commercial operations but never did.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bihars-dharnai-becomes-first-fully-solar-powered-village-india-606094|title=Bihar Soon to Become First Fully Solar Powered Indian State?|date=5 August 2014|work=International Business Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coal-trumps-solar-in-india/|title=Coal Trumps Solar in India|first=Gayathri|last=Vaidyanathan, ClimateWire|website=Scientific American}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/bihar-village-dharnai-nitish-kumar-clamours-for-real-electricity-202984-2014-08-06|title=Bihar village clamours for real electricity|work=intoday.in}}</ref>

The story of Dharnai also impressed Bihar CM Nitish Kumar. However, this is insignificant compared to massive initiatives by state governments of Gujarat, Rajasthan and MP which generate bulk of 3000 MW of solar power <ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/developmental-issues/Solar-power-generation-Gujarat-may-lose-top-spot/articleshow/46180512.cms|title=Solar power generation: Gujarat may lose top spot - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=|accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref>

According to Kamal Kishore, a resident of Dharnai, this helped village get over kerosene lamps and solved their energy crisis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greenpeaceblogs.org/2014/07/17/solar-energy-microgrid-powers-india-village-bihar|title=Solar energy microgrid powers India village in Bihar|work=Greenpeace Blogs}}</ref> The micro-grid is being co-operated by two other organizations [[BASIX (India)|BASIX]] and Centre for Environment and Energy Development ([[CEED Initiative|CEED]]).

India has an installed energy capacity of 211 GW while its peak energy demand is said to rise to 335 GW by the end of the 12th Five Year Plan (2012–2017), to meet this demand the government will have to install within the next four years, twice the capacity it has been able to install in the last 60 years. Samit Aich, Executive Director of Greenpeace India claimed that nuclear/thermal power plants will not be able to reach small villages like Dharnai. However the claim is disputable as in states like Gujarat every village has been reached on existing grid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2006-11-13/news/27465929_1_uninterrupted-power-villages-champaner-pavagadh |title=Gujarat becomes first to electrify all villages - timesofindia-economictimes |access-date=2015-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421085348/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2006-11-13/news/27465929_1_uninterrupted-power-villages-champaner-pavagadh |archive-date=2015-04-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Naveen Mishra of CEED has also urged the Bihar government to recognize the potential of the decentralised renewable energy systems (DRES) and replicate the Dharnai model across other dark villages of Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/Press/Bihar-village-declares-independence-from-darkness-and-anonymity|title=Bihar village declares independence from darkness and anonymity|work=Greenpeace India}}</ref>

Many of Dharnai villagers however were unimpressed and demanded "real electricity" and connection with real grid rather than the micro-grid. Dharnai had gone off-grid in 1981 at height of Maoist violence when village transformer burnt and cables connecting to grid were stolen. One of the concerns on relying solely on solar power is reliability on "non-Sun" days where only 10–25% power is produced.{{citation needed|reason=Dailymail removed due to RSN statements. Replacement wasn't found after a brief search. Maybe undue?|date=June 2020}} While the Dharnai solar system included batteries, their capacity was limited; after about three years the batteries stopped functioning and the entire system fell into disuse.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2021/12/solar-power-station-at-bihars-first-solar-village-is-now-a-makeshift-cattle-shed/ |title=Solar power station at Bihar's 'first solar village' is now a makeshift cattle shed |last=Kumar |first=Manish |date=17 December 2021 |publisher=Mongabay |access-date=20 June 2022 }}</ref> Several states in India like Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP have instead used large solar plants feeding into the common integrated grid along with nuclear and thermal power plants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/At-750MW-Madhya-Pradesh-to-get-worlds-largest-solar-power-plant/articleshow/46257281.cms|title=At 750MW, Madhya Pradesh to get world's largest solar power plant - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=|accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref>

==Mahan Coal Mine Project controversy==

The Mahan Coal Mine project is a joint venture between [[Hindalco| Hindalco Industries Ltd, India]] and [[Essar Energy| Essar Energy Plc]], of the [[Essar Group]], an Indian multinational conglomerate partly floated on [[London Stock Exchange]] in 2010. A controversy erupted in early 2015, when the Indian Intelligence Bureau offloaded, without any stated reason, Greenpeace activist [[Priya Pillai]] from a London bound flight taking off from Delhi Airport.

Pillai told ''The Guardian'':
{{blockquote|I wanted to come to London to tell British MPs about what I’ve witnessed in Mahan. A community of 50,000 people has been fighting this London-based company, Essar Energy, trying to save their forest home. Essar just wants to bulldoze the forest and replace it with a coal mine.}}

Per Greenpeace, there are anywhere between 54–62 villages who depend on the forest for their lively hood, additionally, the Mahan forests, that the mining company plans to destroy by cutting down over 500,000 trees, houses hundreds of migratory bird species and wildlife. The project was first floated in 2006 and rejected in 2011, by the then Environment Minister who cited following reasons of his rejection: "It is an undoubtedly biodiversity rich area. It will destroy good natural [[forest cover]] and interfere with wildlife habitats". He further added that "by the companies’ own admission, the coal mined from this area will only last for the next 14 years and therefore he does not find the proposal reasonable".

The environment minister was relieved from his job shortly afterwards and in February 2014, the project later received a green signal from government, under the new minister [[M. Veerappa Moily]]—who belonged to the Congress govt, as the center was still ruled by PM Manmohan Singh and Cong Party President [[Sonia Gandhi]], following which Greenpeace activists staged a protest that resulted in Essar Group suing 'Greenpeace India' and the villagers of '''Mahan Sangarsh Samiti'''<ref name="greenpeace.org.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog/forests/mahan-story-%E2%80%94-it-takes-village-20140826|title=The Mahan Story — It Takes a Village|work=greenpeace.org.uk}}</ref> for 500 crores.<ref name="greenpeace.org.uk"/><ref name="P.R. Sanjai">{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/RN7ohjYPuEydgk98gAsC1K/Essar-Energy-gets-mining-clearance-for-Mahan-coal-block.html|title=Essar Energy gets mining clearance for Mahan coal block|author=P.R. Sanjai|work=livemint.com/|date=12 February 2014}}</ref>

P. R. Sanjai wrote: "The clearance by MoEF comes barely three weeks after environment activist group Greenpeace India rolled down a huge poster that read "I Kill Forests: Essar" on the facade of Essar's headquarters in Mumbai. The banner also featured pictures of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and environment minister M. Veerappa Moily. The protest was related to Essar Power's plans to start mining at Mahan in Madhya Pradesh—one of the oldest deciduous-forest regions of India".<ref name="P.R. Sanjai"/>

Pillai was barred from travelling out of India because of Indian Government's concern of her testifying against India in foreign sovereign Parliament where Indian Governments counter view would not be heard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-defends-activist-Priya-Pillais-offloading-slams-wests-rights-reports/articleshow/46257518.cms|title=Govt defends activist Priya Pillai's offloading, slams west's rights reports - Times of India ►|website=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=|accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref> According to Government of India, such hearings are tilted and used as instruments of foreign policy-unlike UN committees where each country is allowed its say.

==See also==
* [[Greenpeace]]
* [[Kodaikanal mercury poisoning]]
* [[2006 Ivory Coast toxic waste dump]]
* [[Essar Energy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite web |title=The Difference We Make |url=https://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/success-stories/ |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=Greenpeace}}
* {{Cite web |last=Kazmin |first=Amy |date=2015-01-15 |title=NGOs fear government crackdown amid Greenpeace India battle |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8b7a1492-9cbc-11e4-a730-00144feabdc0#axzz3P19fmKpx |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=[[Financial Times]]}}

[[Category:Greenpeace]]
[[Category:Environmental organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Sustainability organizations]]
[[Category:Anti–nuclear weapons movement]]
[[Category:Anti–nuclear power movement]]
[[Category:Civil disobedience]]
[[Category:Climate change organizations]]

Enemy (2021 film)

2026-04-03T20:12:59Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding initial details added tags - done

{{Short description|2021 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Enemy
| image = Enemy (2021 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Anand Shankar]]
| producer = S. Vinod Kumar
| story = Anand Shankar
| screenplay = Anand Shankar S. Ramakrishnan Shan Karuppuswamy
{{Infobox
| decat = yes
| child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Shan Karuppuswamy
}}
| based_on =
| starring = {{Ubl|[[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]]|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]|[[Mirnalini Ravi]]|[[Mamta Mohandas]]|[[Prakash Raj]]|[[Thambi Ramaiah]]}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[S. Thaman]] [[Sam C. S.]] '''Score:''' Sam C. S.
| cinematography = [[R. D. Rajasekhar]]
| editing = Raymond Derrick Crasta
| studio = Mini Studios
| distributor = [[Ayngaran International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|11|4}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross = {{INR}}20.02 crore{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
}}

'''''Enemy'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enemy (2021) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/enemy-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdawmzq0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105025115/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/enemy-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdawmzq0 |archive-date=5 November 2021 |access-date=4 November 2021 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> is a 2021 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] co-written and directed by [[Anand Shankar]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 November 2020 |title=Vishal, Arya's film with Anand Shankar is titled Enemy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-aryas-film-with-anand-shankar-is-titled-enemy/articleshow/79409437.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119003512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-aryas-film-with-anand-shankar-is-titled-enemy/articleshow/79409437.cms |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and produced by Vinod Kumar under the banner of Mini Studios. The film features [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]] and [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] in the lead roles,<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 November 2020 |title=Vishal's next with Anand Shankar titled Enemy, Arya to play the antagonist |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vishal-s-next-with-anand-shankar-titled-enemy-arya-to-play-the-antagonist/story-jFmJw7y5M17sVWAIfQ2diJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120235428/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vishal-s-next-with-anand-shankar-titled-enemy-arya-to-play-the-antagonist/story-jFmJw7y5M17sVWAIfQ2diJ.html |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> while [[Mirnalini Ravi]], [[Mamta Mohandas]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2021 |title=Mamta Mohandas joins cast of Arya-Vishal starrer 'Enemy' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mamta-mohandas-joins-cast-arya-vishal-starrer-enemy-142634 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823153240/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mamta-mohandas-joins-cast-arya-vishal-starrer-enemy-142634 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> [[Prakash Raj]], [[Thambi Ramaiah]] and [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] play supporting roles. The film marks Vishal and Arya's second collaboration after ''[[Avan Ivan]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Enemy: The makers unveil the intense first look of Arya from the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/enemy-the-makers-unveil-the-intense-first-look-of-arya-from-the-film/articleshow/80682889.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208202932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/enemy-the-makers-unveil-the-intense-first-look-of-arya-from-the-film/articleshow/80682889.cms |archive-date=8 February 2021 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 February 2021 |title=Vishal says Arya is his most favorite enemy! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vishal-says-arya-is-his-most-favorite-enemy-news-tamil-vcffiRjigeieh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205051946/https://www.sify.com/movies/vishal-says-arya-is-his-most-favorite-enemy-news-tamil-vcffiRjigeieh.html |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

''Enemy'' was released on 4 November 2021 to mixed reviews from critics, but became an average venture at the box office.

== Plot ==
'''1996''': In [[Ooty]], 13-year-old Chozhan Ramalingam and Rajiv Parirajan are childhood friends whom Parirajan, Rajiv's father, trains to enable them to join the police force. Although given equal training, Chozhan bests Rajiv, much to the latter's jealousy. One day, Chozhan and Rajiv are playing [[chess]], and Rajiv wins. While Rajiv leaves Chozhan pondering over the outcome, he sees Parirajan dead on the floor. The police escort the boys to the police station, and Chozhan tells the inspector and Ramalingam, Chozhan's risk-averse father, that he can catch the killer using his skills. Ramalingam takes Chozhan away, leaving Rajiv alone, and makes his son promise to stop taking risks.

'''2021''': Chozhan works at a [[department store|departmental store]] run by Ramalingam in [[Singapore]]. Unbeknownst to his father, he is a part-time vigilante who thwarts minor crimes and corruption to help the [[Tamils|Tamil]] community. One day, a gas company near his store suddenly bursts, which kills 11 people and severely injures five more. Chozhan catches Joseph, the painter behind the mess, and hands him over to the police. The next day, Arundathi Mohan, the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Indian External Affairs minister]], comes to Singapore to address the Tamil people but struggles to speak at the gathering. Chozhan senses that her [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker]] has been tampered with and shoots her in the chest to disable it. The police arrest Chozhan, but release him after they realize his intentions.

Chozhan tips off the police to the culprit at a hotel, who turns out to be Rajiv, now a hardened assassin whom a corrupt [[Beijing]] businessman hired to kill the minister. However, Rajiv escapes after threatening to kill the police officers' families. Chozhan meets up with Rajiv, who reveals what happened on the day they separated: Parirajan confronted and scolded Rajiv for misusing his skills to loot some money, which made Rajiv kill his father. He also overheard his father saying that Chozhan would eventually overshadow Rajiv in anything, thus inciting in him a deep hatred towards Chozhan.

Rajiv claims that he has evolved in multiple ways and is way too advanced for Chozhan to intercept while challenging him to rescue one of his kidnapped loved ones. Chozhan calls everyone for a surprise engagement party with his love interest, Ashvitha, to protect them. However, Chozhan soon realised that his cousin's daughter, Pinky, had gone missing from her school trip. Rajiv contacts him and informs him that he kidnapped Pinky from her school to kill her. Chozhan responds by abducting Rajiv's pregnant wife and partner, Anisha, whom Rajiv rescued from her unsavory uncle not long after killing his father. Chozhan threatens to kill Anisha if anything happens to Pinky.

At a meeting to exchange their kin, Rajiv releases Pinky but Chozhan knows he won't let his enmity go so easily. He makes a deal with Rajiv: Chozhan will safely send Anisha back to India if Rajiv surrenders to the police for the deaths of the 11 people from the gas explosion earlier. Rajiv reluctantly agrees. As Chozhan takes Anisha to the airport, the hitman sent by the Beijing businessman to kill Rajiv after he failed his assignment learns about her connection to him. The hitman follows Anisha and slits her throat in the washroom. In prison, Rajiv finds out about Anisha's death on TV and is anguished, thinking Chozhan broke their deal. He escapes by swallowing [[prawn]]s, triggering an allergic reaction.

Rajiv plots against Chozhan by kidnapping the children of his area and tells the community that to save their children, Ramalingam must die. He attempts to brainwash someone into shooting Ramalingam to no avail. Rajiv then extorts Ramalingam alone to commit suicide by drinking [[rat poison]] after revealing that he killed his father, and Ramalingam taking his son away was why Parirajan's case remained unsolved. In the meantime, Chozhan saves the children and returns with them. Ramalingam dies in his son's arms after encouraging Chozhan to finish Rajiv.

Chozhan confronts Rajiv inside a skyscraper, and after an intense fight, he kicks Rajiv off the building and grabs him by his leg. Chozhan divulges the Beijing corporates' involvement in Anisha's death. Rajiv is shocked upon realizing he misjudged the situation and begs Chozhan to pull him up, but Chozhan drops him off the building to his death.

Several years later, Chozhan goes with his son to lay flowers on Ramalingam's and Rajiv's graves. When his son asks why Chozhan lays flowers on Rajiv's grave even though he was a bad man, Chozhan says it's to remind himself of how he became who he is today.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]] as Chozhan Ramalingam
**[[Raaghavan|Raghavan]] as Young Chozhan
* [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] as Rajiv Parirajan, Chozhan's former childhood friend
** Riyan Shah as Young Rajiv
* [[Mirnalini Ravi]] as Ashvitha, Chozhan's fiancée, later wife ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Raveena Ravi]])
* [[Mamta Mohandas]] as Anisha, Rajiv's wife ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by Smruthi K)
**[[Raveena Daha]] as Young Anisha
* [[Prakash Raj]] as [[Inspector general|IG]] Parirajan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Rajiv's father
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as "Risk" Ramalingam, Chozhan's father
* [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Babu, Chozhan's friend
* [[John Vijay]] as Peter, Anisha’s uncle
* [[George Maryan]] as Ganesan, Ramalingam's friend
* [[G. Marimuthu]] as [[Police Officer]] Eashwara Moorthy
* [[Malavika Avinash]] as Arundathi Mohan, Minister of External Affairs
* [[R. N. R. Manohar]] as [[Inspector]] Govindaraj
* Gandhi Mahendran as Ramalingam's friend
* [[Manasvi Kottachi]] as Pinky
* [[Kottachi]] as Jegan
* Jayakumar as Arjun
* Pradeep K Vijayan as Hacker
* [[TSR Srinivasan]] as Constable Kandhavelu
* Saranya Ravikumar as Ashvitha's colleague and close friend
* [[Arivu]] (Guest role in "Little India" song)
}}

== Production ==
After appearing together in ''[[Avan Ivan]]'', [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] and [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]] worked together again for this movie. The [[principal photography]] of the film began in November 2020<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 November 2020 |title=Anand Shankar's next with Vishal titled 'Enemy', Arya to play the antagonist |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anand-shankar-s-next-vishal-titled-enemy-arya-play-antagonist-138488 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126132031/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/anand-shankar-s-next-vishal-titled-enemy-arya-play-antagonist-138488 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=12 February 2020 |work=The News Minute}}</ref> and the shoot [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped up]] on 12 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2021 |title=Vishal-Arya's Enemy shoot wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-aryas-enemy-shoot-wrapped-up/articleshow/84368947.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714042021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-aryas-enemy-shoot-wrapped-up/articleshow/84368947.cms |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=Times of India}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Enemy
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[S. Thaman]] and [[Sam C. S.]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 25 October 2021
| recorded = 2020
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:47
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Divo (record label)|Divo]]
| producer = [[S. Thaman]] [[Sam C. S.]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| chronology =
| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = [[S. Thaman]]
| type = soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Varudu Kaavalenu]]
| prev_year = 2021
| title = Enemy
| year = 2021
| next_title = [[Akhanda]]
| next_year = 2021
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Sam C. S.]]
| type = soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Kasada Thapara]]
| prev_year = 2021
| title = Enemy
| year = 2021
| next_title = [[Sabhaapathy]]
| next_year = 2021
}}
{{Singles
| name = Enemy
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Pathala
| single1date = 20 August 2021
| single2 = Tum Tum
| single2date = 3 September 2021
| single3 = Little India
| single3date = 20 September 2021
}}
}}
The songs were composed by [[S. Thaman]] and [[Sam C. S.]] while the latter did the [[film score]]. This marks Thaman's third collaboration with Vishal after ''[[Pattathu Yaanai]]'' and ''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]'', as well as with Arya after ''[[Settai (2013 film)|Settai]]'' and ''[[Meaghamann]]'', plus Sam's second collaboration with both Vishal and Thaman after the aforementioned ''Ayogya''. The song "Tum Tum" attained popularity as a South Indian wedding [[Standard (music)|standard]], even among those residing in other countries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=Tum Tum to Sita Kalyanam, heres the best of South Indian wedding songs |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/10-best-south-indian-wedding-songs/104494685 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=[[Radio Mirchi]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Pathala
| lyrics1 = [[Arivu]]
| music1 = [[S. Thaman]]
| extra1 = Deepak Blue
| length1 = 4:16
| title2 = Tum Tum
| lyrics2 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| music2 = S. Thaman
| extra2 = Sri Vardhini, Aditi, Satya Yamini, [[Roshini (singer)|Roshini]] and Tejaswini
| length2 = 3:48
| title3 = Little India
| lyrics3 = Arivu
| music3 = S. Thaman
| extra3 = Sarath Santosh and [[Arivu]]
| length3 = 4:19
| total_length = 16:47
| title4 = Orey Naan Orey Nee
| lyrics4 = Arivu
| extra4 = Govind Prasad
| music4 = [[Sam C. S]]
| length4 = 2:36
| title5 = Run & Die
| music5 = Sam C. S.
| lyrics5 = Lavita Lobo
| extra5 = Lavita Lobo
| length5 = 1:46
}}

== Release ==

The film was initially scheduled to be theatrically released on 14 October 2021,{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}} but then pushed to 4 November 2021 coinciding with [[Diwali]] festival clashing with ''[[Annaatthe]]''. The streaming rights were sold to [[SonyLIV]] and the film began streaming there from 18 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2022 |title=Vishal, Arya's action thriller Enemy to have its OTT premiere on SonyLIV |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/vishal-aryas-action-thriller-enemy-to-have-its-ott-premiere-on-sonyliv/e0ba6d879d946 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210130521/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/vishal-aryas-action-thriller-enemy-to-have-its-ott-premiere-on-sonyliv/e0ba6d879d946 |archive-date=10 February 2022 |access-date=10 February 2022 |website=[[OTTplay]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "''Enemy'' could have been better if some of the cliched sequences had been avoided."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |title=Enemy Movie Review: Vishal and Arya star in a watchable thriller that is not boring |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/enemy/movie-review/87521753.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108095759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/enemy/movie-review/87521753.cms |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-24 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Thinkal Menon of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Despite an intriguing premise and a few impressive action scenes, Enemy couldn't cash in on the myriad of opportunities it had."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Enemy movie review: This action thriller, starring Vishal and Arya, is a lost opportunity despite some entertaining moments |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/enemy-movie-review-this-action-thriller-starring-vishal-and-arya-is-a-lost-opportunity-despite-some-entertaining-moments/4722400e90648 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108095759/https://www.ottplay.com/review/enemy-movie-review-this-action-thriller-starring-vishal-and-arya-is-a-lost-opportunity-despite-some-entertaining-moments/4722400e90648 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-24 |work=[[OTTplay]]}}</ref> Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "For a film that is mounted on a rivalry, the equation between Chozhan and Rajiv is pretty shallow and one-dimensional."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-05 |title=Enemy movie review: Vishal and Arya keep locking horns in this trite action drama, but we don't care why |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/enemy-movie-review-vishal-and-arya-keep-locking-horns-in-this-trite-action-drama-but-we-dont-care-why-10112561.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124172708/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/enemy-movie-review-vishal-and-arya-keep-locking-horns-in-this-trite-action-drama-but-we-dont-care-why-10112561.html |archive-date=24 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-24 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

Praveen Sudevan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Anand Shankar’s film, after an elaborate and promising start, fizzles out after its leading men are introduced."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudevan |first=Praveen |date=2021-11-04 |title='Enemy' movie review: A convoluted cat-and-mouse action drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/enemy-review-arya-vishal-anand-shankar/article37335269.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124172704/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/enemy-review-arya-vishal-anand-shankar/article37335269.ece |archive-date=24 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-24 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Ranjani Krishnakumar of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote "Enemy is like Vishal’s dance — full-bodied, hard-working, energetic, confident, but entirely devoid of knack. That doesn’t make it unwatchable though."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnakumar |first=Ranjani |date=4 November 2021 |title=Enemy Movie Review: This Vishal-Arya Action-Film Is Formulaic, Rudimentary, Predictable And Pretty Funt |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/enemy-review-arya-vishal-action-film-is-formulaic-rudimentary-predictable-and-pretty-fun/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106061430/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/enemy-review-arya-vishal-action-film-is-formulaic-rudimentary-predictable-and-pretty-fun/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2021 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Singapore]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sam C. S.]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1996]]
[[Category:Films set in 2021]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Suniel Shetty

2026-03-28T20:10:03Z

TeganJ7136381:

{{short description|Indian actor and entrepreneur (b. 1961)}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Suniel Shetty at the Fit India Campaign, in New Delhi on May 26, 2018 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Shetty in 2018
| birth_name = Sunil Veerappa Shetty
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1961|08|11}}
| birth_place = [[Mulki, India|Mulki]], Mysore State, India
| other_names = Anna (nickname)
| years_active = 1992–present
| organization = Popcorn Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|television personality|entrepreneur|film producer}}
| works = [[Suniel Shetty filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Monisha Kadri|1991}}
| children = {{ubl|[[Athiya Shetty]] (daughter)|[[Ahan Shetty]] (son)}}
| relatives = [[KL Rahul]] (son-in-law)
| website =
| signature =
}}

'''Suniel Veerappa Shetty'''<ref>{{cite web |title=SUNIEL VEERAPPA SHETTY |url=https://www.zaubacorp.com/SUNIEL-VEERAPPA-SHETTY-01034764 |website=ZaubaCorp |access-date=2 March 2026}}</ref> (born '''Sunil Veerappa Shetty''';<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood actors who changed their names according to numerology |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-actors-who-changed-their-names-according-to-numerology/photostory/65637083.cms?picid=65637096 |work=The Times of India |date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 March 2026}}</ref> 11 August 1961) is an Indian actor, film producer, television host, and entrepreneur, primarily known for his work in [[Hindi cinema]]. Nicknamed as Anna,<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2023 |title=Suniel Shetty tells Shehnaaz Gill how he became known as Anna, says Amitabh Bachchan and Sanjay Dutt started it |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/suniel-shetty-tells-shehnaaz-gill-origin-story-of-anna-nickname-8518147/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Shetty has appeared in [[Suniel Shetty filmography|over 100 films]], in a career spanning over three decades.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 September 2000 |title=From action to acting |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/09/21/stories/09210221.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812041651/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/09/21/stories/09210221.htm |archive-date=12 August 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Rising to prominence in the 1990s as a leading action hero with films like ''[[Balwaan]]'' (1992), ''[[Mohra]]'' (1994), ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]'' (1994), and ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]'' (1997), Shetty later showcased his versatility in comedies such as ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'' (2000), ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' (2006) and antagonistic roles, notably winning a [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] for Best Villain for ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' (2000). Beyond acting, he has produced films under Popcorn Motion Pictures, co-founded the online casting platform F...the Couch (FTC), and hosted reality shows.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 February 2001 |title=Sunil Shetty: Into 'Popcorn' entertainment! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sunil-Shetty-Into-Popcorn-entertainment/articleshow/20759799.cms |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sunil Veerappa Shetty was born on 11 August 1961 in [[Mulki, India|Mulki]], Mysore State, into a [[Tulu language|Tulu]]-speaking [[Bunt (community)|Bunt]] family.<ref name="mangalo">{{cite news |last=Pereira |first=Violet |date=29 March 2019 |title=Mangalore: A tete-a-tete with Suniel Shetty |url=http://mangalorean.com/browsearticles.php?arttype=Feature&articleid=1793 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116201809/http://www.mangalorean.com/browsearticles.php?arttype=Feature&articleid=1793 |archive-date=16 November 2011 |access-date=16 December 2011 |work=Mangalorean}}</ref><ref name="Times">{{cite news |date=20 December 2002 |title=World Bunts meet begins Friday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/World-Bunts-meet-begins-Friday/articleshow/31805706.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521030451/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-20/bangalore/27321225_1_delegates-sunil-shetty-nadavara-mathr-sangha |archive-date=21 May 2013 |access-date=16 December 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |date=7 May 2014 |title=Mumbai girls were safe when Balasaheb was alive: Suniel Shetty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mumbai-girls-were-safe-when-balasaheb-was-alive-suniel-shetty-suniel-shettys-koyelaanchal-koyelaanchal-movie/articleshow/34735035.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2022}}</ref> His father, Veerappa Shetty, worked as a waiter in a restaurant before managing his own restaurant business in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Suniel Shetty now owns all three buildings where his dad worked as a waiter and restaurant manager: 'He would sleep in a rice sack' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/suniel-shetty-owns-all-three-buildings-where-his-dad-worked-as-a-waiter-and-restaurant-manager-9398926/ |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Shetty did his schooling at the [[Lawrence School, Sanawar]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2015 |title=Bollywood stars fund five girls' education in Kangra |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/community/bollywood-stars-fund-five-girls-education-in-kangra-65571/ |website=[[Tribune India]] |quote=(...) two old students of The Lawrence School, Sanawar, Sunil Shetty and Rahul Roy, handed over a cheque for Rs 1.5 lakh to their Lawrence School teacher Sukhvinder Singh (...)}}</ref> He later earned a degree in commerce from [[H.R. College of Commerce and Economics]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Pursuing Master's Degree Wasn't Common..': Suniel Shetty On Importance Of Education |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/education/pursuing-masters-degree-wasnt-common-sunil-shetty-on-importance-of-education |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> During his youth, Shetty developed an interest in sports, particularly cricket and martial arts, achieving a black belt in kickboxing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=11 February 2023 |title=Suniel Shetty's Martial Arts Skills Helped Him In Bollywood; Actor Now Wants To Give Back In A |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/suniel-shetty-s-martial-arts-skills-helped-him-in-bollywood-actor-now-wants-to-give-back-in-a-big-way-1581419 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> Before entering the film industry, he briefly assisted his father in the family’s restaurant business and was involved in managing [[Udupi]]-style eateries in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Kabir Singh |date=12 March 2023 |title=Suniel Shetty: The Tough Guy In Business |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/entrepreneurs/suniel-shetty-the-tough-guy-in-business/447333 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en |quote=Coming from a business family, 61-year-old Shetty started to work from the age of 16 at his father's restaurant. Hailing from the Bunt community, they ran a few udupi restaurants.}}</ref>

== Film career ==
Shetty began his Hindi film career with the 1992 action film ''[[Balwaan]]'' opposite [[Divya Bharti]], which was a moderate success.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 May 2025 |title=Suniel Shetty recalls being called 'bad actor' after debut film Balwaan's success: 'Critic told me to sell idli-vada' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/suniel-shetty-recalls-being-called-bad-actor-after-debut-film-balwaans-success-critic-told-me-to-sell-idlivada-101746967343640.html |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He rose to prominence in 1994 with the blockbuster ''[[Mohra]]'' <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title=Suniel Shetty remembers Divya Bharti's final days on Mohra sets: 'She was fearless, full of life and masti' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/suniel-shetty-remembers-divya-bhartis-final-days-on-mohra-sets-she-was-fearless-full-of-life-and-masti/articleshow/121083558.cms |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and the comedy ''[[Gopi Kishan]]'', where he played a dual role. During the 1990s, he was one of the highest-paid actors in Hindi cinema,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Riddhima |title=Meet actor who gave over 40 flop films, still lives luxurious life, is neighbours with Mukesh Ambani, net worth is.. |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-meet-actor-suniel-shetty-who-40-flop-films-lives-luxurious-life-neighbours-with-mukesh-ambani-net-worth-is-3098379 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=DNA India |language=en |quote=In a career spanning over 30 years, Suniel Shetty has acted in over 100 films and was one of the highest-paid actors in the 90s.}}</ref> appearing in leading and co-leading roles, particularly in action films such as ''[[Waqt Hamara Hai]]'' (1993), ''[[Anth]]'' (1994), ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]'' (1994), ''[[Vishwasghaat]]'' (1996), ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]'' (1997), where he played Captain [[Battle of Longewala|Bhairon Singh]], and ''[[Bhai (1997 film)|Bhai]]'' (1997). His role in ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' earned him a [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Zee Cine Best Supporting Actor Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lux Zee Cine Awards 2001 - 4th Zee Cine Awards & Winners |url=https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/zee-cine-awards-2001-465.html |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=www.awardsandshows.com}}</ref>
[[File:Suniel Shetty at Tata Sky's Health And Fitness launch.jpg|thumb|150px|upright|Shetty in 2015 at Tata Sky Health and Fitness]]
From the early 2000s, Shetty shifted to multi-starrer films across genres. He starred opposite [[Isha Koppikar]] in [[Arjun Rampal|Arjun Rampal’s]] debut film ''[[Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat]]'' (2001) and ventured into comedy with the 2000 cult classic ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'', followed by ''[[Yeh Teraa Ghar Yeh Meraa Ghar]]'' (2001), ''[[Awara Paagal Deewana]]'' (2002), ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' (2006), ''[[One Two Three]]'' (2008), and ''[[De Dana Dan]]'' (2009). He played negative roles in ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' (2000), winning a Filmfare Award for Best Villain in 2001, ''[[Khel – No Ordinary Game]]'' (2003), ''[[Baaz: A Bird in Danger]]'' (2003), ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' (2004), ''[[Rudraksh (film)|Rudraksh]]'' (2004), ''[[No Problem (2010 film)|No Problem]]'' (2010), and ''[[A Gentleman]]'' (2017).<ref>{{cite web |date=11 August 2020 |title=Birthday Special: Best Suniel Shetty Movies |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/birthday-special-best-suniel-shetty-movies-42770.html |access-date=28 September 2020 |website=filmfare.com}}</ref> He also took on patriotic roles in ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]'' (1997) and ''[[LOC: Kargil]]'' (2003). In 2009, he won the South Asian International Film Festival's Best Actor Award for his role in the Naxalite-based film ''[[Red Alert: The War Within]]'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2009 |title=Suniel wins award for Red Alert |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/suniel-wins-award-for-red-alert/articleshow/5211789.cms |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

[[File:Film Actor, Sunil Shetty along with the Director Anand Mahadevan addressing the Press Conference on Indian Premier Cinema ‘Red Alert’ during the 40th International Film Festival (IFFI-2009), at Panaji, Goa.jpg|thumb|150px|upright|Shetty during the 40th International Film Festival in 2009]]

Shetty debuted in Tamil cinema with ''[[12B]]'' (2001)<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2021 |title=20 Years of 12B: Four interesting facts about the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/20-years-of-12b-four-interesting-facts-about-the-film/photostory/86455502.cms?picid=86455871 |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and returned to Tamil films after 18 years with ''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]'' (2020) alongside [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=26 May 2019 |title=Suniel Shetty in Tamil film after 18 years |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/260519/suniel-shetty-in-tamil-film-after-18-years.html |access-date=13 March 2024 |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2021, he appeared in [[Sanjay Gupta (director)|Sanjay Gupta’s]] gangster drama ''[[Mumbai Saga]]''.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 February 2021 |title=Exclusive: John Abraham and Emraan Hashmi starrer Mumbai Saga set for theatrical release on March 19, 2021 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-john-abraham-and-emraan-hashmi-starrer-mumbai-saga-set-for-theatrical-release-on-march-19-2021/ |access-date=23 February 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, he portrayed ACP Vikram Chauhan in the action thriller web series ''[[Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega]]'', set in Mumbai’s crime world.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rajpal |first1=Roktim |date=22 March 2023 |title=Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega Review: Suniel Shetty shines in this mediocre action series |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/hunter-tootega-nahi-todega-review-amazon-minitv-suniel-shetty-2350014-2023-03-22 |access-date=26 June 2023 |magazine=India Today}}</ref> His most recent film appearance was in ''[[Nadaaniyan]]'' (2025), ''[[Kesari Veer]]'' (2025), with upcoming projects including ''[[Welcome (film series)|Welcome to the Jungle]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2024 |title=Exclusive: Suniel Shetty to play don in Welcome to the Jungle |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/exclusive-suniel-shetty-to-play-don-in-welcome-to-the-jungle-101716967461590.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626105637/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/exclusive-suniel-shetty-to-play-don-in-welcome-to-the-jungle-101716967461590.html |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>

In 2014, Shetty changed the spelling of his name from Sunil to Suniel for numerological reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 September 2018 |title=Bollywood actors who changed their names according to numerology |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-actors-who-changed-their-names-according-to-numerology/photostory/65637083.cms |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He produced films under Popcorn Motion Pictures, including ''[[Khel – No Ordinary Game]]'' (2003), ''[[Rakht]]'' (2004), and ''[[Bhagam Bhag]]'' (2006).<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2018 |title=Are Suniel Shetty and Priyadarshan making a sequel to Bhagam Bhag? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/are-suniel-shetty-and-priyadarshan-making-a-sequel-to-bhagam-bhag-1236620-2018-05-19 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Popcorn Motion Pictures Pvt. Ltd. - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/banner.php?bannerid=272 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> He co-founded F...the Couch (FTC) with [[Mukesh Chhabra]], an online platform to discover new Bollywood talent.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 October 2016 |title=Suniel Shetty and Mukesh Chhabra launch 'F…The Couch' casting agency |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/suniel-shetty-mukesh-chhabra-launch-f-couch-casting-agency/ |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Shetty hosted reality shows like ''[[Biggest Loser Jeetega]]'' (2007) on [[Sahara One]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 2007 |title=Sahara One launches Biggest Loser Jeetega |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sahara-one-launches-biggest-loser-jeetega/story-OgG6XGzty3rStJzUbUrkLP.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225182814/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sahara-one-launches-biggest-loser-jeetega/story-OgG6XGzty3rStJzUbUrkLP.html |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref> and ''India’s Asli Champion Hai Dam?'' on [[&TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2017 |title=India's Asli Champion host Suniel Shetty : I want to play my age on screen |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/india-asli-champion-host-suniel-shetty-i-want-to-play-my-age-on-screen-4644639/ |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He participated in the [[Celebrity Cricket League]] as captain of the [[Mumbai Heroes]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2014 |title=Suniel Shetty,Armaan Kohli team up for CCL |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/suniel-shetty-armaan-kohli-team-up-for-ccl/ |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and co-founded the Ferit Cricket Bash in 2018. In 2014 and 2016, he was a special guest at the [[Hiru Golden Film Awards]] in Sri Lanka. In 2005, on the eve of the former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s 61st birth anniversary, the Mumbai Pradesh [[Indian Youth Congress (Socialist)|Youth Congress]] honoured Shetty with the [[Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KL Rahul, Suniel Shetty Buy Land in Thane for ₹9.85 Cr in Prime Location Deal |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/kl-rahul-suniel-shetty-acquire-land-in-thane-for-rs-985-crore-3495087 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |quote=Suniel Shetty, a veteran Bollywood actor and entrepreneur, has appeared in over 100 films across action, drama, and comedy genres. He was honoured with the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi Award for his contribution to Indian cinema}}</ref>

== Other work ==
In 2019, Shetty invested in the Pune-based online health and fitness start up Squats.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/suniel-shetty-picks-up-minority-stake-in-online-fitness-startup-squats/articleshow/69271383.cms|title=Suniel Shetty picks up minority stake in online fitness startup Squats|last=Laghate|first=Gaurav|date=10 May 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref>

=== Television ===
Shetty has appeared as a host for the fitness reality shows ''[[Biggest Loser Jeetega]]'' on [[Sahara One]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081024/jsp/entertainment/story_10011048.jsp| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081026094244/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081024/jsp/entertainment/story_10011048.jsp| url-status= dead| archive-date= 26 October 2008| title = The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) – Entertainment – Host with the most| work= The Telegraph| location = Kolkota}}</ref> and ''India's Asli Champion Hai dam?'' on [[&TV]].

=== Restaurant ===
The actor owns Mischief Dining Bar and Club H2O, in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HBD Suniel Shetty! Actor's Net Worth And How He Bought The Hotel Where His Dad Once Worked |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/hbd-suniel-shetty-actors-net-worth-and-how-he-bought-the-hotel-where-his-dad-once-worked-ws-kl-9498142.html |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Both the places are running successfully.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.news18.com/news/india/bollywood-stars-and-their-business-ventures-415169.html| title = Sunil Shetty – Celebrity restaurant Chain| work = news18.com|date = 2 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/12-restaurants-with-a-huge-bollywood-connect-245120.html| title = Sunil Shetty – Celebrity restaurant connect| work= The Times of India| date = 11 September 2015}}</ref> He co-owns the water adventure park attached to cafe H2O. He closed down Mischief Bar in 2010, and instead opened a new restaurant called Little Italy. The restaurant was first owned by his father when it was an Udupi restaurant, Suniel then changed the restaurant into a bar, and then back into a restaurant with the different name with his father's blessings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/in-place-of-sunils-mischief-dining-bar-there-is-now-little-italy/73290|title=In place of Sunil's Mischief Dining Bar, there is now Little Italy|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=24 February 2010}}</ref>

=== Celebrity Cricket League ===
Suniel Shetty is captain of the Mumbai Heroes cricket team in the Celebrity Cricket League.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bollywoodmantra.com/picture/mumbai-heroes-league-2011/
| title = Sunil Shetty – Celebrity Cricket League 2011 Photo #335| work = bollywoodmantra.com}}</ref> He is also the co-founder of Ferit Cricket Bash that was launched in December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2018 |title=Suniel Shetty and Zaheer Khan join hands to launch Ferit Cricket Bash |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/article/suniel-shetty-and-zaheer-khan-join-hands-to-launch-ferit-cricket-bash/334128 |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Hiru Golden Film Awards ===
Suniel Shetty was participant in the Hiru Golden Film Awards 2014 and 2016 in [[Sri Lanka]] as a special guest.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://hirugoldenfilmawards.lk/| title = Hiru Golden Film Awards| work = hirugoldenfilmawards.lk}}</ref>

=== R House ===
He started his luxury furniture and home lifestyle store in Mumbai, Worli in 2013 with his wife Mana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Involve-your-family-in-whatever-you-do-Suniel-Shetty/articleshow/17981714.cms|title=Involve your family in whatever you do: Suniel Shetty|work=[[Times of India]]|date=12 January 2013}}</ref>

=== Brand ambassador ===
Shetty is the brand ambassador of [[Hype Luxury Mobility|HYPE Luxury]], a luxury mobility platform that offers luxury cars, yachts, and private jets for rent.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Suniel Shetty is the face of mobility platform Hype Luxury |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/actor-suniel-shetty-is-the-face-of-mobility-platform-hype-luxury-11901891.html |work=Moneycontrol |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Suniel Shetty to be face of Hype Luxury |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aftermarket/suniel-shetty-to-be-face-of-hype-luxury/105951922 |work=Economic Times |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
Suniel Shetty is involved in a number of Philantropic initiatives. He is an advisor for Vipla Foundation, an NGO that works towards empowering underprivileged communities through education, skill development, and social welfare initiatives to create sustainable and inclusive growth.<ref name="Vipla">{{Cite web|author=|url=https://www.viplafoundation.org/about-us/|title=Vipla - About us|publisher=Vipla}}</ref><ref name="Times Now">{{cite news |last= Shaikh|first= Samina|date=10 July 2024|title=Suniel Shetty: Underworld Was Behind Us During Our Human-Trafficking Rescue Operation|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/suniel-shetty-underworld-was-behind-us-during-our-human-trafficking-rescue-operation-exclusive-article-111612138|newspaper=Times Now|access-date= 23 September 2024}}</ref>

In 2008, he contributed in the rescue of 128 Nepalese women from sex trafficking in Mumbai, and arranged for their return to Nepal. He has credited Mumbai police officials for the successful rescue.<ref name="IE">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=16 August 2023|title=When Suniel Shetty saved 128 women from sex trafficking and arranged for their return to Nepal: 'We didn't think about price of flight tickets'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/suniel-shetty-saved-128-women-from-sex-trafficking-and-arranged-for-their-return-to-nepal-8338788/|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date= 22 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="Times Now"/>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Suniel Shetty, Mana Shetty at the special screening of 'Bol Bachchan' 15.jpg|thumb|150px|upright|Shetty with his wife at the [[premiere]] of ''[[Bol Bachchan]]'' in 2011 ]]
Since 1991 he is married to Mana Shetty ({{née|Monisha Kadri}}), a businesswoman, designer and social activist born to a [[Gujarati Muslim]] architect father and a [[Punjabi Hindu]] social activist mother.<ref>{{cite news |title=Meet Suniel Shetty's wife Mana Shetty, an entrepreneur and social activist |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-meet-suniel-shetty-s-wife-mana-shetty-an-entrepreneur-and-social-activist-2889788/suniel-shetty-s-wife-mana-shetty-work-profile-2889790 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130211612/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-meet-suniel-shetty-s-wife-mana-shetty-an-entrepreneur-and-social-activist-2889788/bollywood/photo-gallery-meet-suniel-shetty-s-wife-mana-shetty-an-entrepreneur-and-social-activist-2889788/suniel-shetty-and-mana-shetty-s-love-story-culture-not-a-barrier-2889792 |archive-date=30 January 2025 |work=[[DNA India]] |date=11 May 2021 |access-date=26 June 2023 |quote=Monisha Kadri aka Mana hailed from a part-Punjabi and part-Muslim family (...) Mana Shetty's dad was a Gujarati Muslim, Iftikhar M Kadri who was an architect by profession and her Hindu mother Vipula Kadri was a social activist.}}</ref> They have two children, a daughter [[Athiya Shetty]]<ref>{{cite news |last=KBR |first=Upala |date =8 November 2010 |title=Sunil Shetty had a swell Diwali |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/sunil-shetty-had-a-swell-diwali-101291 |work=Mid-Day |access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref> and a son [[Ahan Shetty]].<ref>{{cite news |last=KBR |first=Upala |date=3 January 2011 |title = Sunil Shetty, son Ahaan hit Bangkok |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/sunil-shetty--son-ahaan-hit-bangkok-107715 |work = Mid-Day |access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref>

Both Athiya and Ahan have made their acting debuts respectively, Athiya in the film ''[[Hero (2015 Hindi film)|Hero]]'' (2015) and Ahan in [[Sajid Nadiadwala]]'s film ''[[Tadap (2021 film)|Tadap]] (2021), the'' [[Hindi]] remake of [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[RX 100 (film)|RX 100]]''.<ref>{{Cite news| url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ahan-shetty-goes-to-london-for-special-training-for-his-debut-film/story-6tIU8Hh68veD7wk6gyElEM.html| title = Ahan Shetty goes to London for special training for his debut film| date = 29 November 2016| work = Hindustan Times| access-date = 28 June 2017}}</ref> Mana runs an [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] for under-privileged kids.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/sep/130910-mana-shetty-ngo.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916153553/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2010/sep/130910-mana-shetty-ngo.htm| archive-date=16 September 2010| title = I'm more than just a celeb wife: Mana Shetty| website= mid-day.com}}</ref> Athiya married Indian cricketer [[KL Rahul]] on 23 January 2023.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Arya |first1=Prachi |last2=Kanabar |first2=NiralI |title=Athiya Shetty and KL Rahul to tie the knot in January 2023? Here's all about their wedding |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/athiya-shetty-and-kl-rahul-to-tie-the-knot-in-january-2023-2300713-2022-11-23 |access-date=26 June 2023 |magazine=India Today |date=23 November 2022}}</ref>

Shetty has a black belt in [[kickboxing]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Sunil Shetty returns to action| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/Suniel-Shetty-returns-to-action/Article1-645889.aspx| work = Hindustan Times| access-date = 27 January 2011| agency= Indo-Asian News Service| date = 4 January 2011|quote = A Black Belt in kick boxing, he kept the decade packed with more of muscle power in outings like Waqt Hamara Hai, Bhai, Border, Mohra, Suraksha, Shastra, Rakshak, Krishna, Aakrosh and Dus, to name a few.|url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110121224627/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Suniel-Shetty-returns-to-action/Article1-645889.aspx
| archive-date = 21 January 2011}}</ref> He owns clothing [[boutique]]s as well as restaurants specialising in [[Udupi cuisine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coming back soon, says Suniel Shetty |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/coming-back-soon-says-suniel-shetty-76624 |access-date=13 January 2021 |work=NDTV |date=3 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121080134/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/coming-back-soon-says-suniel-shetty-76624|archive-date=21 January 2014}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Suniel Shetty filmography}}

== Accolades ==
;Winner

* 2001: [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Filmfare Award for Best Villain]] for ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]''<ref name="awards">{{cite news| title= Sunil Shetty: Awards & Nominations
| url= http://www.indiafm.com/celebrities/awards/11730/index.html| work = Bollywood Hungama| access-date = 11 February 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080430160452/http://www.indiafm.com/celebrities/awards/11730/index.html| archive-date = 30 April 2008}}</ref>
* 2001: [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Zee Cine Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for ''Dhadkan''<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.zeecineawards.com/2001/videos/sunil-shetty-wins-best-supporting-actor-award.html| title = Sunil Shetty Wins Best Supporting Actor Award| work = zeecineawards.com}}</ref>
* 2005: GIFA Award for Best Villain for ''[[Main Hoon Na]]''
* 2011: [[Stardust Awards|Stardust Award for Best Actor (Critics)]] for ''[[Red Alert: The War Within]]''<ref>{{cite web| title = The Winners| url = http://www.magnamags.com/content/view/7594/358/lang,english/| publisher = Stardust.co.in| access-date = 25 February 2011| url-status = usurped| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120817004518/http://www.magnamags.com/content/view/7594/358/lang,english/| archive-date = 17 August 2012}}</ref>

;Nominated

* 1995: [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]''<ref name="awards" />
* 1998: Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]''<ref name="awards" />
* 1998: [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for ''Border''
* 2001: Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for ''[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]''<ref name="awards" />
* 2001: [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for ''Refugee''{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* 2001: [[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|IIFA Award for Best Villain]] for ''Dhadkan''<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=dhadkan
| title = Dhadkan
| work = Omnilexica
}}</ref>
* 2004: IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor for ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]]''{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* 2005: Filmfare Award for Best Villain for ''[[Main Hoon Na]]''
* 2005: IIFA Award for Best Villain for ''Main Hoon Na''<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.movietalkies.com/movies/awards/18414/main-hoon-na
| title = Main Hoon Na Awards, Nominations, Filmfare Awards, Screen Awards, Zee Cine Awards, IIFA Awards
| work = movietalkies}}</ref>
* 2021: [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu|SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Tamil]] for ''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|0792911}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|suniel-shetty}}


{{FilmfareAwardBestVillain}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestSupportingActorMale}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Bollywood|Films}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shetty, Suniel}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]
[[Category:Tulu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Lawrence School, Sanawar alumni]]

Salem

2026-03-27T01:56:51Z

TeganJ7136381: expand citations to improve readability

{{wiktionary|Salem}}
'''Salem''' may refer to:

== Places ==
{{TOC right}}

===Canada===
* [[Salem, Ontario (disambiguation)]], various places

===Germany===
* [[Salem, Baden-Württemberg]], a municipality in the Bodensee district
** [[Salem Abbey]] (Reichskloster Salem), a monastery
* [[Salem, Schleswig-Holstein]]

===Israel===
* [[Salem, Ma'ale Iron]], Israel

=== India ===
* [[Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
** [[Salem City Municipal Corporation]]
** [[Salem metropolitan area (India)]]
** [[Salem district]], Tamil Nadu
** [[Salem railway division]]
* [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)]], a parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu, India

=== Palestine ===
* [[Salem (Bible)]], an ancient town mentioned in the Bible
* [[Salim, Nablus]], or Salem, Palestine

=== Sweden ===
* [[Salem Municipality]], a municipality in Stockholm County
** [[Salem, Sweden]], the seat of Salem Municipality

=== United Kingdom ===

* [[Salem, Cornwall]], England
* Salem, an area of [[Oldham]], England
* [[Salem, Ceredigion]], Wales
* Salem, village near [[Llandeilo]], Wales

=== United States ===

* [[Salem, Alabama]]
* [[Salem, Fulton County, Arkansas]], a city
* [[Salem, Saline County, Arkansas]], a census-designated place
* [[Salem, Connecticut]]
* [[Salem, Florida]]
* [[Salem, Georgia]], in Upson County
* [[Salem, Oconee County, Georgia]]
* [[Salem, Illinois]]
* [[Salem, Indiana]], county seat of Washington County
* [[Salem, Adams County, Indiana]], unincorporated place
* [[Salem, Jay County, Indiana]], unincorporated place
* [[Salem, Union County, Indiana]], unincorporated place
* [[Salem, Iowa]]
* [[Salem, Kentucky]]
* [[Salem, Massachusetts]], where the 1692 witch trials were held
** [[Salem Harbor]]
** [[Salem Channel]], a part of the Salem Sound
* [[Salem Township, Allegan County, Michigan]]
* [[Salem Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan]]
** [[Salem, Michigan]], an unincorporated community
* [[Salem, Missouri]], county seat of Dent County
* [[Salem, Lewis County, Missouri]]
* [[Salem, Nebraska]]
* [[Salem, New Hampshire]]
* [[Salem County, New Jersey]]
** [[Salem, New Jersey]], county seat of Salem County
** [[Salem Nuclear Power Plant]]
** [[Salem River]], a tributary of the Delaware River
** [[Port of Salem]]
* [[Salem, New Mexico]]
* [[Salem, New York]], town in Washington County
** [[Salem (hamlet), New York]], within the town of Salem
* Salem, an earlier name of [[Brocton, New York]], in Chautauqua County
* [[Salem, North Carolina]], census-designated place in Burke County
* [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]], in Forsyth County formed from merger of Salem and Winston
* [[Salem, Ohio]]
* [[Salem, Oklahoma]]
* [[Salem, Oregon]], the state capital and largest U.S. city named Salem
** [[Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area]], consisting of Marion and Polk counties
* [[Salem, South Carolina]], in Oconee County
* [[Salem, South Dakota]], county seat of McCook County
* [[Salem, Tennessee]], an unincorporated community
* [[Salem, Cherokee County, Texas]], an unincorporated community
* Salem, [[Smith County, Texas]], an unincorporated community
* [[Salem, Utah]], a city
* [[Salem, Virginia]], an independent city
* [[Salem, Virginia Beach, Virginia]], a neighborhood
* [[Salem, West Virginia]], a city in Harrison County
* [[Salem, Fayette County, West Virginia]], an unincorporated community
* [[Salem, Wisconsin (disambiguation)]], several places
* [[Salem Township (disambiguation)]]

===Elsewhere===

* [[Salem, Brebes]], a subdistrict in Central Java, Indonesia
* [[Salem, Myanmar]]
* [[Salem, Montserrat]]
* [[Salem, Eastern Cape]], South Africa
* [[Salem, Valencia]], Spain

== Arts, entertainment, and media==

===Fictional characters===
* Salem, the main antagonist from the web series [[List of RWBY characters#Salem's Inner Circle|''RWBY'']]
* [[Salem Saberhagen]], a cat in the comic book and television series ''Sabrina, the Teenage Witch''
* Salem Vishnu, Indian film character played by Thiagarajan in ''[[New Delhi (1987 film)|New Delhi]]'' and ''[[Salem Vishnu]]''

=== Music ===
* [[Salem (American band)]], an electronic music band
* [[Salem (British rock band)]]
* [[Salem (British punk band)]]
* [[Salem (Israeli band)]], an extreme metal band
* [[Salem (record label)]], a 1960s New Zealand music publisher

=== Television ===
* [[Salem (Days of Our Lives)|Salem (''Days of Our Lives'')]], the setting of the American soap opera ''Days of our Lives''
* [[Salem (TV series)|''Salem'' (TV series)]], a 2014 horror drama

===Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media===
* [[Salem (comics)|''Salem'' (comics)]] or ''Salem: Queen of Thorns'', US, 2008
* [[Salem (video game)|''Salem'' (video game)]], a Java-based MMORPG
* [[Town of Salem (video game)|''Town of Salem'' (video game)]], a social deduction game
* [[Salem (painting)|''Salem'' (painting)]], 1908 painting by Sydney Curnow Vosper
* ''[[Salem Weekly]]'', an alternative newspaper, Oregon

== Brands and enterprises==
* [[Salem (cigarette)]], an American brand
* [[Salem Media Group]], an American Christian-based radio broadcaster, internet content provider, and publisher

== Educational institutions ==
* [[Salem Academy]], North Carolina
* [[Salem College]], North Carolina
* [[Salem High School (disambiguation)]], several in the United States
* [[Salem State University]], Massachusetts
* [[Salem University]], West Virginia
* [[Schule Schloss Salem]] (Salem Castle School or Salem College), Germany

== Mathematics ==
* [[Salem number]], a real algebraic integer with certain properties
* [[Salem Prize]], an award for young mathematicians

== Religious institutions ==

* [[Salem Chapel (disambiguation)]], several chapels worldwide
* [[Salem International]], a German Christian charity
* [[Salem Methodist Church Complex (Cincinnati, Ohio)]]
* [[South Asian Lutheran Evangelical Mission]], a church organization in Hong Kong

== Sports ==
* [[Salem RidgeYaks]], a minor league baseball team in Salem, Virginia
* [[Salem Soldiers]], a former semi-professional basketball team from Salem, Oregon team
* [[Salem Spartans]], a cricket team representing Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India
* [[Salem Witches (baseball)]], a former minor league baseball team of the New England League

== Transportation ==
* [[Salem Airport (disambiguation)]]
* [[Salem station (MBTA)]], a commuter rail station in Salem, Massachusetts
* [[Salem station (Oregon)]], a railroad station in Salem, Oregon
* [[Salem (supertanker)|''Salem'' (supertanker)]], an oil carrier involved in maritime insurance fraud

== Other uses ==
* [[Salem (name)]], people with the name
* Salem, a cultivar of [[rosemary]]
* [[USS Salem|USS ''Salem'']], three ships of the United States Navy

== See also ==
* [[Salem witch trials]], 1692–93, Massachusetts
* [[Salem witchcraft trial (1878)]] or second Salem witch trial
** [[Salem Maritime National Historic Site]]
* [[New Salem (disambiguation)]]
* [[South Salem (disambiguation)]]
* [[West Salem (disambiguation)]]
* [[Salem Creek (disambiguation)]], various streams
* [[Salim (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation|geo}}

Lakhuji Jadhav

2026-03-15T14:31:34Z

TeganJ7136381:

{{Short description|Maratha statesman and mansabdar (1560–1629)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mir-I-Samad Sahiban-I-Jadurai-I-Dakhani Lakhuji Jadhav Rao
| title = Jadurai Dakkhani Maharao of Khandesh Maharajah of Sindhakhed Kanatiya [[Vizier|Patshahi Wajir]] Mir-a-Samad [[Mansabdar]] [[Raje]]
| image = "Portrait of Jadun Rai Deccani", Folio from the Shah Jahan Album MET DP247737 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = A contemporary portrait of Lakhuji Jadhav Rao. ''Jadurai Dakkhani'' is written in [[Persian language|Persian]] below the portrait.
| succession = [[Mansabdar]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]
| reign = 1621 – 25 July 1629<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&dq=Lakhuji+Jadhav&pg=PA40 |title=The state at war in South Asia |date=2005 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |pages=40 |language=en}}</ref>
| reign-type =
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| regent =
| reg-type =
| successor = ''Position abolished''
| succession1 = [[Mansabdar]] of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
| reign1 = 1585–1621
| reign-type1 =
| predecessor1 = ''Position established''
| regent1 =
| reg-type1 =
| successor1 = ''Position abolished''
| succession2 = [[Jagir|Jagirdar]] of [[Sindkhed Raja]]
| reign2 = 1582 – 25 July 1629
| reign-type2 =
| predecessor2 = Vithoji Jadhav Rao
| regent2 =
| reg-type2 =
| successor2 = Raghoji
| birth_date = 1560
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1629|07|25|1560|||df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Devagiri Fort]], [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
| death_cause = [[Assassination]]
| burial_place =
| spouse = Mhalasabai
| issue = Dattaji Achloji Raghoji Bahadurji [[Jijabai]]
| house =
| dynasty = [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava]]
| full name =
| father = Vithoji
| mother = Thakrai
| occupation =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

'''Mir-I-Samad Sahiban-I-Jadurai-I-Dakhani Lakhuji Jadhav Rao''' (1560 – 25 July 1629), also known as '''Lakhuji Jadhav''' was a [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Politician|statesman]] and [[Mansabdar]] who initially served the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] and later joined the [[Mughals]]. He was a prominent figure in the politics of [[Deccan]]. Lakhuji was a well-known member of Jadhav Rao clan who descended from the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]]. He was also a [[Jagir|Jagirdar]] of [[Sindkhed Raja]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maharashtra (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2hDAAAAYAAJ |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Buldhana |date=1976 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |pages=796 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Diwakar |first1=P. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_AdqAAAAIAAJ&q=lakhuji+jadhav |title=Flora of Buldhana District, Maharashtra State |last2=Sharma |first2=B. D. |date=2000 |publisher=Botanical Survey of India |pages=2 |language=en}}</ref>

He was father of [[Jijabai]], and grandfather of [[Shivaji]], who was founder of the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x68WAQAAMAAJ |title=Census of India, 1991: Tables on houses and household amenities |date=1997 |publisher=Controller of Publications |pages=53 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Maharashtra (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eUJuAAAAMAAJ&q=lakhuji+jadhav |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Botany. pt. 1. Medicinal plans. pt. 2. Timbers. pt. 3. Miscellaneous plants. pt. 4 |date=1972 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications |pages=492 |language=en}}</ref>

==Jagirdar of Sindkhed Raja==
The Jadhav Rao family had hereditary possession of the [[Jagir]] of [[Sindkhed Raja]]. During the period of Lakhuji Jadhav Rao, Nizam Shah added some more territories to this Jagir.

==Mansabdar of Ahmadnagar Sultanate==
Lakhuji Jadhav was a prominent Maratha chief who played a pivotal role in the early development of [[guerrilla warfare]] tactics.<ref name="wood">{{Cite book|author=Donald W. Attwood|title=Raising Cane The Political Economy Of Sugar In Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFyvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104|
publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=September 16, 2019|page=104}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He rose to prominence as one of the most significant [[sardars]] in the [[Ahmednagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahi Sultanate]]. Notably, he achieved renown as the victorious commander in the famous siege of the [[Devagiri Fort]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Patil|first=Vishwas|title=Sambhaji|publisher=Mehta Publishing House|year=2016|isbn=|location=Pune|pages=}}</ref> Following his triumph in the Khandesh War and the subsequent control of the [[Khandesh]] region, Lakhuji Jadhav assumed the title of Maharao of Khandesh, with crucial support from Shinde's of [[West Khandesh]] hailing from Dhanur and [[Songir]]. He was appointed as Mansabdar with a mansab of 10,000 men by [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]].

==Mansabdar of Mughal Empire==
Towards the end of the 16th century, the influence and power of the [[Maratha]] chieftains experienced a significant growth. The Mughals, who had long been intent on subduing and asserting control over the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan]] Muslim kingdoms, recognized the Maratha chiefs as a formidable military asset in the region and sought to enlist their support. In 1621, in their bid to establish control over the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan]], [[Mughal emperor]] [[Jahangir]] conferred upon Lakhuji an impressive mansab of 24,000 men and granted him [[Jagir]] in the Deccan region.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&dq=Lakhuji+Jadhav&pg=PA40 |title=The state at war in South Asia |date=2005 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |pages=40 |language=en}}</ref>

==Death==
Lakhuji Jadhav was assassinated at [[Devgiri Fort]], along with his sons and a grandson, by the orders of the [[Burhan Nizam Shah III]] in 1629. <ref name="kin">{{Cite book|author1=Charles Augustus Kincaid|author2=Dattatraya Balwant Parasnis|author3=Dattātraya Baḷavanta Pārasanīsa
|title=A history of the Maratha people|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXwNjkn-HPsC&pg=PA124|
publisher=H. Milford, Oxford University Press|year=1918|page=124}}</ref> Lakhuji's descendants built his Samadhi (mausoleum) at [[Sindkhed Raja]] in his memory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSaODwAAQBAJ&dq=Lakhuji+Jadhav&pg=PA194 |title=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India |date=2018-08-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-928-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sengar |first1=Bina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnatDwAAQBAJ&dq=Lakhuji+Jadhav&pg=PT136 |title=Spaces and Places in Western India: Formations and Delineations |last2=McMillin |first2=Laurie Hovell |date=2019-09-05 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-69155-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=Archæological Survey of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWxDAAAAYAAJ&q=lakhuji+jadhav |title=Indian Archaeology |date=1984 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> This Samadhi is a fine example of Maratha architecture.

==References==
{{commons category|Lakhuji Jadhav Rao}}
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jadhav, Lakhuji}}
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Buldhana district]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1629 deaths]]

Goynar Baksho

2026-03-04T00:26:05Z

TeganJ7136381: Article updated with latest changes

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Goynar Baksho
| image = [[File:Goynar_Baksho_movie_poster.jpg|215px]]
| alt = Goynar Baksho movie poster
| caption = Movie poster
| director = [[Aparna Sen]]
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]] [[Mahendra Soni]]
| writer = [[Aparna Sen]]
| based_on = ''Goynar Baksho'' and ''Rashmonir Sonadana'' by [[Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]]
| starring = [[Moushumi Chatterjee]] [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] [[Saswata Chatterjee]] [[Kaushik Sen]]
| music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
| cinematography = Soumik Haldar
| editing = [[Rabiranjan Maitra]]
| studio =
| distributor = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|04|12}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Goynar Baksho''''' ({{translation}} ''The Jewellery Box'') is a 2013 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Supernatural film|supernatural]] [[Comedy horror|comedy horror film]] directed by [[Aparna Sen]]. The film is based on a novel ''Goynar Baksho'' and a short story ''Rashmonir Sonadana'', both written by [[Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]] and published in ''[[Desh (magazine)|Desh]]'' magazine.<ref name="The jewellery box">{{cite news|title=The jewellery box|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120718/jsp/entertainment/story_15739069.jsp#.UJ442Wdqkoo|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204021512/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120718/jsp/entertainment/story_15739069.jsp%23.UJ442Wdqkoo|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2013|access-date=10 November 2012|work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref name='Aparna Sen to film "Goynar Baksho"'>{{cite news|title=Aparna Sen to film "Goynar Baksho"|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Aparna-Sen-to-film-Goynar-Baksho/articleshow/15324905.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509194316/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-02/news-interviews/33000466_1_filmmaker-aparna-sen-production-house-konkona-sen-sharma|url-status=live|archive-date=9 May 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="Aparna Sen’s next film based on Bengali story Goynar Baksho">{{cite news|title=Aparna Sen's next film based on Bengali story Goynar Baksho|url=http://www.firstpost.com/fwire/aparna-sens-next-film-based-on-shirshendu-mukhopadhyays-goynar-baksho-401717.html|newspaper=First Post}}</ref> The film premiered in [[Kolkata]] on 12 April 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/44699413-aparna-sens-goynar-baksho-bengali-film-opens-dazzling-premiere-kolkata |title=Aparna Sen's Goynar Baksho Bengali Film Opens with Dazzling Premiere in Kolkata &#124; ওয়াশিংটন বাংলা রেডিও Washington Bangla Radio USA |access-date=16 April 2013 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123716/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/44699413-aparna-sens-goynar-baksho-bengali-film-opens-dazzling-premiere-kolkata |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story is centred around the a wooden box containing 500 [[Indian units of measurement|''bhari''s]] of gold ornaments kept sequestered away. Its original owner is Rashmani, the daughter of a [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] [[Zamindars of Bengal|zamindar]] family from [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], who was married off at the age of 11 & was tragically widowed within a few months of her marriage. She was extremely possessive of her jewellery & utilised her hot temper to keep others away from her jewellery box. Following the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]], she migrated alongside her brothers' family to a suburb called Nababganj located near [[Ichapore]] in [[West Bengal]]. In 1949, Somalata, the daughter of a poor family, enters the household as the wife of Chandan, the younger of the 2 sons of Rashmani's younger brother. Due to not being greedy for jewellery, Rashmani develops a liking for her. However, a few months after Somalata's marriage, Rashmani dies. Due to excessive attachment towards her jewellery, Rashmani becomes a ghost in her afterlife. To keep her jewellery away from the hands of her greedy relatives, Rashmani's ghost hands them over to Somalata.

As time progresses, the family's accumulated wealth steadily decreases due to the male members of the family refusing to work for a living in order to protect their aristocratic heritage, exacerbated by the cost of legal fees incurred in resolving the property dispute between Rashmani's two brothers and the [[Problem gambling|gambling addiction]] of Chandan's elder brother. In midst of all of these difficulties, Somalata was able to keep the jewellery box hidden away, under the ever-watchful eye of Rashmani's ghost. Finally, she secretly arranges for some money by [[Pawnbroker|pawning]] some of the hidden jewellery, and with that money she sets up a business of selling [[sari]]s, despite opposition from her father-in-law and brother-in-law. Somalata effectively manages the shop (which she named after Rashmani in her honour) and was able to return the pawned jewellery. When Somalata came to know about the existence of Chandan's mistress, she complained about it to Rashmani's ghost, who then encouraged her to forge an extra-marital affair. Somalata slowly falls in love with a [[Bengali Muslims|Bengali Muslim]] man named Rafiq who was a poet, but she later abandoned him out of conscience and consummated her marriage completely with Chandan, heartbroken Rafiq committed suicide. Failing to make Somalata unchaste, Rashmani stopped visiting her and started meeting with Somalata's daughter Chaitali.

[[Modernism|Modernist]] & pursuing higher education in a college, Chaitali quickly befriends Rashmani's ghost. Since Chaitali shared a lot of facial features with Rashmani, Somalata believes that Rashmani had [[Reincarnation|reincarnated]] as Chaitali, so she hands over Rashmani's jewellery box to her. The film now progresses to the year 1971 with the outbreak of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. Rashmani's lover Banwarilal (alias Benu) repeatedly crossed the [[Bangladesh–India border|border]] to provide supplies to the [[Mukti Bahini]]. After he was caught and shot dead by the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani army]], Chaitali on being advised by Rashmani's ghost , donates all the jewellery in that box to the cause of the Mukti Bahini and later Chaitali also learns about Rafiq and Somalata's past from the last few scripts of poems written by Rafiq which she finds in an abandoned house where she used to meet with her lover "Benu".She hands those letters to Somalata anonymously making her realize the depth of love which Rafiq had for her in the past. In the end Somalata finally realized her feelings which she had in the past which causes Rashmani's soul to finally have peace and to be liberated from the state of being a ghost.

== Production ==
Aparna Sen thought to make this film in 1993. But she was not getting the right production house to finance the film. That is why she had to delay the project so long. Sen told–<ref name='Aparna Sen to film "Goynar Baksho"'/>
<blockquote>"When I first read the book way back in 1993, I instantly decided to turn it into celluloid, but the delay was due to not getting the right production house to finance the film. Now finally it is happening."</blockquote>

== Cast ==
* [[Moushumi Chatterjee]] as Rashmani
* [[Konkona Sen Sharma]] as Somalata
* [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] as Chaitali & younger Rashmani
* [[Saswata Chatterjee]] as Chandan
* [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] as Chandan's Father, Rashmani's younger brother
* [[Aparajita Adhya]] as Chandan's sister-in-law
* [[Pijush Ganguly]] as Chandan's elder brother
* [[Manasi Sinha]] as Chandan's mother
* [[Kaushik Sen]] as Rafiq, Somalata's sometime lover
* [[Koushik Roy]] as Banwarilal aka Benu, Chaitali's lover & Ramakhilao, a low caste [[Biharis|Bihari]] Hindu labourer with whom the young Rashmani had a brief affair
* [[Monu Mukhopadhyay]] as Chandan's paternal uncle, Rashmani's elder brother
* [[Sudipta Chakraborty]] as Kamala, Chandan's mistress
* [[Pradip Mukherjee]] as the family doctor

== Tracklist ==
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"
|-
! Song name !! Singers
|-
| "Aamar Sonar Bangla" || [[Arijit Singh]], Samantak, Ipshita
|-
| "Bangla Rap" || [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], [[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], [[Pijush Ganguly]], [[Moushumi Chatterjee]]
|-
| "Basonar Gaan" || [[Kaushiki Chakrabarty]]
|-
| "Chandan Kumkum" || Paromita, Ipshita, Sweta, Debolina
|-
| "O Boner Dubba Re" || Paromita, Ipshita, Sweta, Debolina
|-
| "Ki Ache Goynar Bakshe" || [[Anindya Chatterjee]], [[Upal Sengupta]]
|-
| "Nodir Oparey Ghono Kuasha" || [[Rupankar Bagchi]]
|-
| "Sakhi Ri" || [[Shubha Mudgal]]
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
| rowspan="4"|[[Filmfare Awards East]]
| Best Director – Bengali
| ''[[Aparna Sen]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actress|Best Actor in a Leading Role (Female) – Bengali]]
| ''[[Konkona Sen Sharma]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Female) – Bengali
| ''[[Moushumi Chatterjee]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Male) – Bengali
| ''[[Saswata Chatterjee]]''
| {{nom}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[Aborto]]
* [[Balukabela.com]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2819358}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/1770002707 ''Goynar Baksho''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Aparna Sen}}
{{Shree Venkatesh Films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goynar Baksho}}
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Films based on short fiction]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2013 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]]
[[Category:Films directed by Aparna Sen]]
[[Category:2013 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Debojyoti Mishra]]
[[Category:Bengali-language comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language comedy-drama films]]

Laththi

2026-03-03T02:33:01Z

TeganJ7136381: starting entry

{{short description|2022 Indian film by A. Vinoth Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Laththi
| image = Laththi Tamil poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = A. Vinoth Kumar
| producer = [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]] [[Nandha Durairaj]]
| writer = A. Vinoth Kumar
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]]
* [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]]
* [[Sunaina]]
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]
}}
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cinematography = [[Balasubramaniem]] Balakrishna Thota
| editing = [[N. B. Srikanth]]
| studio = Rana Productions
| distributor = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|22}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| runtime = 144 minutes<ref name="TOI" />
}}

'''''Laththi''''' ({{translation|[[Baton (law enforcement)|Baton]]}}), also known as '''''Laththi Charge''''' ([[Baton charge|Lathi/Baton Charge]]), is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by A. Vinoth Kumar and produced by [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]] and [[Nandha Durairaj]] under Rana Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2021 |title=Vishal's new film with debutant Vinoth starts rolling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-new-film-with-debutant-vinoth-starts-rolling/articleshow/85830231.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901104627/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-new-film-with-debutant-vinoth-starts-rolling/articleshow/85830231.cms |archive-date=1 September 2021 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film, which marks Vinoth's directorial debut, stars [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], alongside [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]], Master Lirish Raghav, [[Sunaina]] and [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2021 |title=Vishal-Sunainaa film titled Laththi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/oct/17/vishal-sunainaa-film-titled-laththi-27331.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019133854/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/oct/17/vishal-sunainaa-film-titled-laththi-27331.html |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Balasubramaniem]] & Balakrishna Thota and [[N. B. Srikanth]].

This is the second collaboration between Vishal and Sunaina after ''[[Samar (2013 film)|Samar]]''. It was shot extensively across [[Tamil Nadu]], including [[Thiruvanmiyur]] and [[Chennai]] and the final schedule in [[Hyderabad]].

''Laththi'' was released on 22 December 2022 to mixed reviews from critics.

== Plot ==
Muruganantham is a [[constable|police constable]] living with his wife, Kavitha, and ten-year-old son, Rasu, an asthmatic. His [[asthma]] flares up when he becomes scared. One day, Muruganantham gets suspended for having tortured an innocent civilian suspected of assaulting a girl named Pavithra, who later dies due to her injuries. Six months later, Muruganantham rescinded his suspension with help from [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Ranganathan and joined back on duty.

Weeks later, [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] Kamal called Muruganantham to a secluded spot to torture a suspect for harassing his daughter. Kamal took voluntary retirement effective that day and had met the suspect by accident. He had managed to catch him and bring him bound. Muruganantham reluctantly tortures the suspect and later drops him off in a waste yard. It turns out that the suspect is Vellai, the son of an influential mafia kingpin named Sura. Sura had planned to get Vellai married to an ex-minister in the opposition party and make his son an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] and a minister in the coming elections. Enraged about Vellai's torture, Sura learns about Muruganantham and sends his henchmen to bring him. Muruganantham and Rasu escape from Sura's henchmen, where they get trapped in an [[construction|under-construction building]].

Muruganantham finds a place for Rasu to hide, but it turns out that Rasu is not feeling well and needs his [[inhaler]] in his bag near the ground floor of the building. Muruganantham attempts to reach the ground floor, but Vellai and his men capture and beat Muruganantham with a [[Baton (law_enforcement)#Indian subcontinent|laththi]]. Muruganantham informs that he knew about Vellai earlier and his involvement in Pavithra's death. Muruganantham also reveals that he purposely brought Sura, Vellai and their henchmen to the building to finish them and secretly brought weapons from the station's weaponry to attack the henchmen.

After the revelation, Muruganantham escapes and sets off [[machine gun|machine guns]], killing most of the henchmen. Rasu attempts to escape the building, but Vellai captures him. Rasu is buried alive, and Muruganantham desperately comes down and tries to find Rasu. Vellai stabs and injures Muruganantham. After a brief emotional breakdown, worrying over his son's fate, Muruganantham finds Rasu and administers the inhaler. Muruganantham attacks the henchmen with his laththi and kills Sura. He then kills Vellai, thus avenging Pavithra's death. Muruganantham reunites with Rasu and tells him to forget the incident, and they return home.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]] as [[Constable]] Muruganantham
* [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]] as Vellai
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] Kamala Kannan
* Master Lirish Raghav as Rasu, Muruganantham's son<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=Raghav would attend online classes from his caravan while shooting for Laththi: Vinoth Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghav-would-attend-online-classes-from-his-caravan-while-shooting-for-laththi-vinoth-kumar/articleshow/93331328.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830060706/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghav-would-attend-online-classes-from-his-caravan-while-shooting-for-laththi-vinoth-kumar/articleshow/93331328.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Sunaina]] as Kavitha, Muruganantham's wife
* [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Ranganathan
* [[Munishkanth]] as [[Head constable]] Panneer Selvam
* [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] as [[Inspector]] Gnanamuthu
* Sunny PN as Sura, Vellai's father
* [[Vinod Sagar]] as Kaimari, Sura's henchmen
* [[Misha Ghoshal]] as Aishwarya, Kamala Kannan's daughter
* [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]] as Savithri, Ranganathan's wife
* [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]] as Party Leader
* [[Mohan Raman]] as DIG
* [[T. Siva]] as Minister
* [[Ravikanth (actor)|Ravikanth]] as Veeramurthy
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Minister
* M. George as Constable Sam
* Parotta Murugesan as Constable Thangavelu
* Hello Kandasamy as PC Muniyandi
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film was tentatively titled as ''Vishal32''. On 17 October 2021, the film's official title was unveiled as ''Laththi Charge'', which was chosen as it would work across multiple languages.<ref name="Vishal32">{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=17 October 2021 |title=Vishal to play a cop again in Laththi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-to-play-a-cop-again-in-laththi/articleshow/87083163.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017164709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-to-play-a-cop-again-in-laththi/articleshow/87083163.cms |archive-date=17 October 2021 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> At the same time, it was reported that the film will have a pan-Indian release (in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi) and will be released in the month of September although the release date got postponed.<ref name="News18">{{Cite web |date=19 October 2021 |title=Tamil Actor Vishal's Next Action Flick Titled 'Lathi', to Get Pan-India Release |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tamil-actor-vishals-next-action-flick-titled-lathi-to-get-pan-india-release-4338989.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224092907/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tamil-actor-vishals-next-action-flick-titled-lathi-to-get-pan-india-release-4338989.html |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Vishal was once again signed to play the role of a cop after previously appearing in cop roles in films like ''[[Veeramae Vaagai Soodum]]'', ''[[Ayogya (2019 film)|Ayogya]]'' and ''[[Paayum Puli (2015 film)|Paayum Puli]]'' and '' [[Vedi (film)|Vedi]] '' and
''[[Satyam (2008 film)|Satyam]]''.<ref name="Vishal32" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vishal's new film titled 'Laththi, actor to play a cop! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vishals-new-film-titled-laththi-actor-to-play-a-cop-news-tamil-vkseGGicjejga.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220040432/https://www.sify.com/movies/vishals-new-film-titled-laththi-actor-to-play-a-cop-news-tamil-vkseGGicjejga.html |archive-date=20 February 2022 |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Sunaina]] was signed in to play the female lead which marks her second collaboration with Vishal after ''[[Samar (2013 film)|Samar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2022 |title=விஷால் நடிக்கும் 'லத்தி'.. சாந்தமான லுக்கில் புதிய போஸ்டர்! விநாயகர் சதுர்த்தி ஸ்பெஷல் |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/vishal-sunaina-laththi-movie-new-look-poster-released.html?ref=www.google.ae |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219095400/https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/vishal-sunaina-laththi-movie-new-look-poster-released.html?ref=www.google.ae |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The makers announced that [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]] who produced the film was cast as the main antagonist in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Laththi Review: Begins Well But Falters |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/laththi-review-begins-well-but-falters-126096 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222091104/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/laththi-review-begins-well-but-falters-126096 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=Great Andhra}}</ref> Veteran actor [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] was signed in to play an important role in this film which marks his third collaboration with the lead actor after ''[[Aambala]]'' and ''[[Thaamirabharani]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Laththi Movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/laththi/movieshow/90102829.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219095813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/laththi/movieshow/90102829.cms |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] of the film began on 29 August 2021. The first schedule is taking place on [[Thiruvanmiyur]] and was wrapped up on 14 September 2021. The second schedule taking place in [[Chennai]] and wrapped up on 13 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Vishal wraps up the second schedule shoot of Laththi; Shot for 24 hours on the final day |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vishal-krishna-s-laththi-wraps-crew-finishes-second-schedule-shoot-see-post-966255 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213130331/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vishal-krishna-s-laththi-wraps-crew-finishes-second-schedule-shoot-see-post-966255 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vishal wraps up second schedule of Laththi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-wraps-up-second-schedule-of-laththi/articleshow/88253606.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215015033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-wraps-up-second-schedule-of-laththi/articleshow/88253606.cms |archive-date=15 December 2021 |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The third schedule taking place in [[Hyderabad]]. During this phase, Vishal was injured while filming an action sequence in early February 2022, with multiple hairline fractures on one of his hands, and he took a break from shooting to heal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Vishal suffers multiple fractures while shooting for Laththi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-suffers-multiple-fractures-while-shooting-for-laththi/articleshow/89508972.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216051503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-suffers-multiple-fractures-while-shooting-for-laththi/articleshow/89508972.cms |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After recovering, he returned to shooting in March with increased caution exercised during stunts.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Climax portion of Vishal's Laththi shot with high precautions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/climax-portion-of-vishals-laththi-shot-with-high-precautions/articleshow/90263777.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318155617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/climax-portion-of-vishals-laththi-shot-with-high-precautions/articleshow/90263777.cms |archive-date=18 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-18 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 14 May 2022, the crew would begin the dubbing process for the movie.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vishal's Laththi nearing completion as dubbing begins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-nearing-completion-as-dubbing-begins/articleshow/91563943.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622142607/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-nearing-completion-as-dubbing-begins/articleshow/91563943.cms |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=2022-06-22 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> On 15 July 2022, the film was [[wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Shooting wrapped up for Vishal's Laththi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jul/15/shooting-wrapped-up-for-vishals-laththi-32772.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721134124/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jul/15/shooting-wrapped-up-for-vishals-laththi-32772.amp |archive-date=21 July 2022 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The post production works of the film began on 7 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title='Laththi' first look: Vishal tunes into action mode once again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/laththi-first-look-vishal-tunes-into-action-mode-once-again/articleshow/90688331.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219094002/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/laththi-first-look-vishal-tunes-into-action-mode-once-again/articleshow/90688331.cms |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=Vishal dubs in three languages for 'Laththi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-dubs-in-three-languages-for-laththi/articleshow/96051428.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213173357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-dubs-in-three-languages-for-laththi/articleshow/96051428.cms |archive-date=13 December 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
[[Sam C. S.]] was earlier chosen as the composer of the film's score and soundtrack. Later, on 4 April 2022, it was reported that he has been replaced by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=Yuvan Shankar Raja replaces Sam CS in Vishal's Laththi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/apr/04/yuvan-shankar-raja-replaces-sam-cs-in-vishals-laththi-30665.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622142713/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/apr/04/yuvan-shankar-raja-replaces-sam-cs-in-vishals-laththi-30665.amp |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=23 May 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by [[U1 Records]]. The first single "Thotta Load Aage Waiting" was released on 5 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2022 |title=Get ready! #ThottaLoadAageWaiting The first single from #Laththi is locked and loaded 🔥 |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/RanaProduction0/status/1576182199627702272?cxt=HHwWgIDT4YHX3N8rAAAA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001141413/https://mobile.twitter.com/RanaProduction0/status/1576182199627702272?cxt=HHwWgIDT4YHX3N8rAAAA |archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 |via=[[Twitter]]}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}} The second single " Oonjal Manam" was released on 13 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2022 |title=Oonjal Manam, the second single from Laththi is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/13/oonjal-manam-the-second-single-from-laththi-is-out-36587.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124125942/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/13/oonjal-manam-the-second-single-from-laththi-is-out-36587.html |archive-date=24 November 2022 |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The third single titled "Veerathukkor Niramundu" was released on 19 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=Vishal on Twitter: Presenting my favourite song from #Laththi that celebrate the colour of Valour & Bravery🔥 |url=https://twitter.com/VishalKOfficial/status/1604823886222483457?cxt=HHwWgoDTlcy0vcUsAAAA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219134542/https://twitter.com/VishalKOfficial/status/1604823886222483457?cxt=HHwWgoDTlcy0vcUsAAAA |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=19 December 2022 |via=[[Twitter]]}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=February 2024}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Thotta Load Aage Waiting
| lyrics1 = Durai
| extra1 = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], MC Vickey
| length1 = 3:35
| title2 = Oonjal Manam
| lyrics2 = [[Karthik Netha]]
| extra2 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length2 = 3:59
| total_length = 10:36
| title3 = Veerathukkor Niramundu
| lyrics3 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| extra3 = Yuvan Shankar Raja, MC Sanna
| length3 = 3:02
}}

== Release ==

===Theatrical===
The film was released in theatres on 22 December 2022 coinciding with [[Christmas]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vishal's 'Laththi' is likely to be released on December 22 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-is-likely-to-be-released-on-december-22/articleshow/95527811.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115083550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-is-likely-to-be-released-on-december-22/articleshow/95527811.cms |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=15 November 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=Release Date For Vishal's Next Tamil Movie Laththi Announced |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/release-date-for-vishals-next-tamil-movie-laththi-announced-5231179.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524043632/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/release-date-for-vishals-next-tamil-movie-laththi-announced-5231179.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |access-date=23 May 2022 |website=[[News 18]]}}</ref> The film was initially planned for release in theatres on 12 August 2022, but got postponed to 15 September 2022 due to multiple injuries of actor Vishal and heavy visual effects for the fight sequences although the release date was again postponed indefinitely.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2021 |title=Vishal wraps up the second schedule shoot of Laththi; Shot for 24 hours on the final day |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vishal-krishna-s-laththi-wraps-crew-finishes-second-schedule-shoot-see-post-966255 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213130331/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vishal-krishna-s-laththi-wraps-crew-finishes-second-schedule-shoot-see-post-966255 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2022 |title=Vishal's Laththi gets a release date |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/vishals-laththi-gets-a-release-date.html/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104173312/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/vishals-laththi-gets-a-release-date.html/amp |archive-date=4 January 2023 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=123Telugu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2022 |title=Vishal's upcoming film 'Laththi' postponed to September 15 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/amp/story/cinema/2022/07/12/vishals-upcoming-film-laththi-postponed-to-september-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721133350/https://www.dtnext.in/amp/story/cinema/2022/07/12/vishals-upcoming-film-laththi-postponed-to-september-15 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> The distribution rights of the film in [[Tamil Nadu]] were acquired by [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] under the banner of [[Red Giant Movies]]. The [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] distribution rights of the film have been bagged by JPR Films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=விஷால் - சுனைனா நடிக்கும் 'லத்தி'.. பட ரிலீஸ் உரிமம் குறித்து வெளிவந்த சூப்பர் தகவல்! |url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/vishal-sunaina-laththi-movie-telugu-rights-bagged-by-jpr-films.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903130515/https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/vishal-sunaina-laththi-movie-telugu-rights-bagged-by-jpr-films.html |archive-date=3 September 2022 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=Vishal's Laththi to release in August |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-to-release-in-august/articleshow/91738535.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830120353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-to-release-in-august/articleshow/91738535.cms |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2022 |title=Vishal's Laththi release postponed to September 15 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-release-postponed-to-september-15/articleshow/92828107.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830120408/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishals-laththi-release-postponed-to-september-15/articleshow/92828107.cms |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The post-theatrical streaming rights of the film has been sold to [[Sun NXT]], while the satellite rights were sold to [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laththi: THIS leading OTT platform has bagged the digital rights of Vishal's much-awaited action drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/laththi-this-leading-ott-platform-has-bagged-the-digital-rights-of-vishals-much-awaited-action-drama/7cb2bba22f192 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218070650/https://www.ottplay.com/news/laththi-this-leading-ott-platform-has-bagged-the-digital-rights-of-vishals-much-awaited-action-drama/7cb2bba22f192 |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=OTTplay}}</ref> The Hindi version of the film was telecast through [[Star Gold]] on 12 March 2023.{{fact|date=September 2025}}

==Reception==
''Laththi'' received mixed reviews from critics with praise for Vishal's performance and action sequences, but criticized its screenwriting.

=== Critical response ===
Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Laththi gives forceful blows at times, but only a few make us feel the real pain."<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Laththi Movie Review : An okayish cop action drama that's engaging in parts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/laththi/movie-review/96418800.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222073903/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/laththi/movie-review/96418800.cms |archive-date=22 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "On the whole, Laththi is a compelling action drama with excellent stunt choreography. The film manages to hold your attention, for the most part."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Laththi Movie Review: Vishal's action drama is riveting with minor flaws |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/laththi-movie-review-vishals-action-drama-is-riveting-with-minor-flaws-2312164-2022-12-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222074158/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/laththi-movie-review-vishals-action-drama-is-riveting-with-minor-flaws-2312164-2022-12-22 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

Thinkal Menon of ''[[OTT Play]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "Laththi has Vishal putting his best foot forward in stunt and emotional sequences, but his hard work required a far more engaging screenplay and character design."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Laththi movie review: Vishal impresses in this high-octane actioner which needs better screenplay and characters |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/laththi-movie-review-vishal-impresses-in-this-high-octane-actioner-which-needs-better-screenplay-and-characters/eb304313fc643 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222165403/https://www.ottplay.com/review/laththi-movie-review-vishal-impresses-in-this-high-octane-actioner-which-needs-better-screenplay-and-characters/eb304313fc643 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref> Navein Darshan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Though Laththi tries hard to be an edge-of-the-seat thriller, it's not a good sign that you're laughing for most of it."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Laththi Movie Review: Interesting ideas get lathi-charged in this actioner |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/dec/25/laththimovie-review-interesting-ideas-get-lathi-charged-in-this-actioner-2531688.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223085743/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/dec/22/laththi-movie-reviewinteresting-ideas-get-lathi-charged-in-this-actioner-38007.html |archive-date=23 December 2022 |access-date=23 December 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

Vishal Menon of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote "Laththi is an assembly line of plot points that are either a hit or a miss makes the film ridiculously incoherent."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Laththi Review: A Dozen Concepts And Hundreds Of Henchmen Fall By The Wayside In This Year's Dumbest Action Movie |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/laththi-review-a-dozen-concepts-and-hundreds-of-henchmen-fall-by-the-wayside-in-this-years-dumbest-action-movie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127140643/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/laththi-review-a-dozen-concepts-and-hundreds-of-henchmen-fall-by-the-wayside-in-this-years-dumbest-action-movie |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> Praveen Sudevan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Despite a promising first half, Vinoth Kumar’s directorial debut falters post-intermission and becomes a generic action film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title='Laththi' movie review: Vishal's cop thriller fails to push us to the edge of our seat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/laththi-movie-review-vishal-sunaina-yuvan/article66292468.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222123922/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/laththi-movie-review-vishal-sunaina-yuvan/article66292468.ece |archive-date=22 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|15341044}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:2022 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:2022 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]

Ullal City Municipal Council

2026-02-25T15:06:22Z

TeganJ7136381: new some place nd citations - done

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Ullal City Municipal Council ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ನಗರಸಭೆ
| transcription_name =
| legislature =

| coa_res = 300px
| house_type = [[Municipal council (India)|City Municipal Council]]
| leader1_type = [[President (government title)|President]]
| leader1 = [[Chithrakala Chandrakanth]]
| party1 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| election1 = 2 November 2020
| leader2_type = [[List of Mayors of Delhi|Vice President]]
| leader2 = [[Ayub Manchila]]
| party2 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| election2 = 2 November 2020
| meeting_place = Near Bus Stand, Ullal Darga Rd, [[Ullal]], Karnataka 575020
| jurisdiction = Ullal
| term_limits = 5 years
| preceded_by =
| established = 2014
|website = {{url|http://www.ullalcity.mrc.gov.in}}
|voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
|last_election1 = 3 September 2018
| next_election1 = 2023

| structure1 = File:India_Ullal_City_Council_2018.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
|members = '''31''' (elected)
| political_groups1 =
* '''Government (15)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (13)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Independent politician}}}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (2)
*One Vote by MLA

* '''Opposition (16)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (6)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Social Democratic Party of India}}}} [[Social Democratic Party of India|SDPI]] (6)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}}} [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JDS]] (4)
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

The '''Ullal City Municipal''' is the [[municipal corporation]] responsible for looking after the city administration of the city of [[Ullal]] in [[Mangalore taluk|Mangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]].

The [[Ullal]] location was formed as '''Nagara Panchayat''' in 1996. This was upgraded to '''Town Municipal Council''' in 2006. In 2014, this was again upgraded to '''City Municipal Council'''.

[[Ullal]] is a region/neighborhood in the southern part of [[Mangalore]] city with a population more than 53,000 as per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]].<ref name=":0" /> The incumbent president of the corporation is Chithrakala Chandrakanth and the vice president Ayub Manchila.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ullalcity.mrc.gov.in/CouncilMembers|title=Council Members {{!}} Ullal City Municipal Council|website=www.ullalcity.mrc.gov.in|access-date=2016-11-05|archive-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105224829/http://www.ullalcity.mrc.gov.in/CouncilMembers|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ullal]] was upgraded from Town Municipal to City Municipal in the year 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=247476|title=Mangalore: Ullal upgraded to city municipality - Minister Khadar|website=www.daijiworld.com|access-date=2016-11-05}}</ref> Ullal City Municipal along with [[Mangalore City Corporation]] forms a continuous urban area and comes under Mangalore Urban Agglomeration.

Ullal City Municipal belongs to [[Mangalore (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mangalore]](''erstwhile Ullal'') — Vidhan Sabha constituency of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka Legislative assembly]] and [[Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)]] of the [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]]).

== See also ==
* [[Ullal]]
* [[Thokottu]]
* [[Mangalore City Corporation]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DakshinaKannada-geo-stub}}
{{Mangalore-geo-stub}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:Municipal councils in Karnataka]]

Nizamabad Bus Station

2026-02-24T10:39:56Z

TeganJ7136381: New data

{{Short description|Bus station in Telangana, India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2018}}

{{Infobox station
| image = Nizamabad_Bus_station.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| name = Nizamabad Bus Station
| owned = [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation|TSRTC]]
| operator = [[Government of Telangana]]
| address = [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]], [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|18.675083|78.100109|display=title,inline}}
| structure = At Grade
| parking = Yes
| code = NZB
| passengers = 25,000+
| pass_year = Daily
| platforms = 30
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_locator =
}}
'''Nizamabad Bus Station''' (NZB) is a bus station located at the center of [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] city in the state of [[Telangana]], [[India]]. The bus station is owned by [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/R_NIZAMABAD.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120857/http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/R_NIZAMABAD.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> (TSRTC) and is one of the major bus stations in the newly formed state of Telangana. The bus station is well connected to most of the cities and towns in the Telangana state erstwhile Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-05-08/TSRTC-will-be-formed-by-May-14-Transport-Minister-149529|title=TSRTC will Formed by May 14 - The Hans India|work=thehansindia.com|date=8 May 2015}}</ref> There are a total of 30 platforms. A waiting hall for reserved passengers is provided by TSRTC. There is an old bus stop (old bus station) & 2 bus depots (NZB1 & NZB2) located in the city.

== Services ==
Bus service is one of the important modes of transportation in Nizamabad. The [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]] (TSRTC) runs around 700<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nizamabad.nic.in/code/atg.htm|title=District – Profile|work=nizamabad.nic.in|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106160323/http://nizamabad.nic.in/code/atg.htm|archive-date=6 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> buses from the city on a daily basis. They also offer a premium service, with [[Mercedes-Benz buses|Mercedes Benz]] and [[Volvo]] buses, from Nizamabad to Hyderabad and Bangalore.

TSRTC also connects to other major cities like [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Nagpur]], [[Warangal]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupathi]], [[Suryapet]], [[Vijayawada]] and [[Godavarikhani]]. The bus station is well connected to most of the cities and towns in the state. The city is also connected to important cities in other states such as Mumbai, Bangalore, Nagpur, Akola, Nanded, and Gulbarga. TSRTC lines using the station include Pallevelugu, Express, Deluxe, Super Luxury, Indra AC, [[Volvo B7R|Garuda]], Garuda Plus and Mercedes Benz

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title= Nizamabad Bus Station
|width=250
|height=180
|File:Nizamabad bus Stand.jpg|Nizamabad Bus Station.District Govt Hospital can also been seen
|File:Garuda Plus - Mercedes Benz - A.jpg|Garuda Plus bus service of the TSRTC
}}

== See also ==
*[[Nizamabad railway station|Nizamabad Railway Station]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Nizamabad, Telangana]]
[[Category:Bus stations in Telangana]]
[[Category:Transport in Telangana]]

Department of Personnel, Administrative Reforms & Rajbhasha, Jharkhand

2026-02-22T12:23:33Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding a details added tags

{{Short description|Jharkhand State Government department}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Department of Personnel, Administrative Reforms & Rajbhasha
| native_name = कार्मिक, प्रशासनिक सुधार तथा राजभाषा विभाग
| type = Department
| seal = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| seal_size = 170
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Jharkhand]]
| headquarters = Project Building, Dhurwa, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]
| minister1_name = [[Hemant Soren]]
| coordinates = {{Coordinates|23.29420|85.29300|display=inline,title}}
| minister1_pfo = [[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|Chief Minister of Jharkhand]] and Minister of Department of Personnel, Administrative & Rajbhasha
| chief1_name = Prawin Kumar Toppo, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = [[Secretary]] (Personnel, Administrative & Rajbhasha)
| website = {{Official website|https://dop.jharkhand.gov.in/}}
| mapframe = yes
}}

The '''Department of Personnel, Administrative Reforms and Rajbhasha (DoP)''' is a department of the [[Government of Jharkhand]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Department of Personnel, Administrative Reforms & Rajbhasha |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/dop |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=www.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Integrated Government Online Directory |url=https://goidirectory.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=goidirectory.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> It is responsible for personnel management, cadre control, administrative reforms, vigilance, and implementation of the state’s official language policy (''Rajbhasha'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=DoP, Administrative Reforms & Rajbhasha - official website |url=http://dopjharkhand.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523023443/https://dopjharkhand.gov.in/ |archive-date=23 May 2025 |access-date=11 Sep 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2021-01-29 |title=कार्मिक प्रशासनिक सुधार और राजभाषा विभाग में बड़े स्तर पर पदाधिकारियों का तबादला, जानिए पूरी रिपोर्ट |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/jharkhand/state/ranchi/transfer-of-many-officials-in-department-of-personnel-administrative-reforms-in-jharkhand/jh20210129003741733 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-30 |title=झाप्रसे के दो अधिकारियों की वेतन वृद्धि पर रोक, एक आरोप मुक्त |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ranchi/story-jharkhand-administrative-officers-salary-hike-stopped-due-to-negligence-201759244118020.html |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Personnel, Administrative Reforms & Rajbhasha Department, Jharkhand |url=https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/personnel-administrative-reforms-and-rajbhasha-department-jharkhand |access-date=11 Sep 2025 |website=services.india.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand govt observes 'Hindi Diwas' |url=https://www.newsdrum.in/national/jharkhand-govt-observes-hindi-diwas-10463971 |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=www.newsdrum.in |language=en}}</ref>

It controls cadre management of officers belonging to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], [[Indian Police Service]], and [[Indian Forest Service]] serving in Jharkhand, along with state civil services like [[Jharkhand Administrative Service]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-12 |title=Over two dozen senior IAS officers reshuffled in Jharkhand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/over-two-dozen-senior-ias-officers-reshuffled-in-jharkhand/articleshow/112456998.cms |access-date=2025-09-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transfer-Posting: झारखंड प्रशासनिक सेवा के 5 अधिकारियों का तबादला, लिस्ट के साथ जारी हुआ नया नोटिफिकेशन - Administrative Service Officers Transferred in Jharkhand Here All List |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-administrative-service-officers-transferred-in-jharkhand-here-all-list-23904311.html |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> The department also oversees postings, transfers, service rules, disciplinary matters, and acts as the nodal agency for administrative reforms, e-governance and vigilance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-02 |title=झारखंड सरकार के तीन अधिकारियों के खिलाफ चलेगी विभागीय कार्यवाही |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/ranchi/story-jharkhand-government-initiates-disciplinary-action-against-three-administrative-officers-for-negligence-and-misconduct-201738507947160.html |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-02-19 |title=Defying ED, Jharkhand Govt puts Pooja Singhal back in key role |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/defying-ed-jharkhand-govt-puts-pooja-singhal-back-in-key-role-1503399813.html |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-22 |title=Jharkhand government ends IAS Pooja Singhal's suspension: Lifts after 31-month jail term; bail cited as turning point - Jharkhand News |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/jharkhand/news/jharkhand-government-ends-ias-pooja-singhals-suspension-134337503.html |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Bhaskar English |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-05-29 |title=Jharkhand IAS officer Vinay Choubey suspended |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-ias-officer-vinay-choubey-suspended/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref>

In addition, the department promotes and implements the use of Hindi as the official language in state government offices under the Rajbhasha policy.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=कार्मिक, प्रशासनिक सुधार तथा राजभाषा विभाग द्वारा आयोजित हिन्दी दिवस समारोह में सम्मिलित हुए मुख्यमंत्री हेमन्त सोरेन। |url=https://thenewskhazana.com/uncategorized/chief-minister-hemant-soren-attended-the-hindi-day-celebrations-organized-by-the-department-of-personnel-administrative-reforms-and-official-language-26065/ |access-date=2025-10-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=live1 |first=lokmanch |date=2025-09-14 |title=हिंदी दिवस की धूम: झारखंड सरकार का संकल्प, तकनीक औ |url=https://lokmanchlive.com/hindi-diwas-ranchi-2025/ |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Lokmanch Live |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Functions ==
* Cadre management of [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] and [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]] officers serving in Jharkhand and also state civil service of [[Jharkhand Administrative Service|JAS]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Department of Personnel, Administrative Reforms & Rajbhasha |url=https://dopjharkhand.gov.in/public/about/about.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504012304/https://dopjharkhand.gov.in/public/about/about.aspx |archive-date=2025-05-04 |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=dopjharkhand.gov.in}}</ref>
* Service rules, appointments, transfers, postings and disciplinary matters of state officers.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
* Administrative reforms, e-governance initiatives, and transparency measures
* Vigilance and monitoring of government functioning
* Promotion and implementation of ''Rajbhasha'' ([[Hindi]]) in government departments.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Department of Personnel, Administrative Reforms & Rajbhasha |url=https://dopjharkhand.gov.in/public/about/about.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504012304/https://dopjharkhand.gov.in/public/about/about.aspx |archive-date=2025-05-04 |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=dopjharkhand.gov.in}}</ref>

== Important officials ==

The [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand]], [[Hemant Soren]], is the minister in charge of the Department of Personnel, Administrative Reforms and Rajbhasha since December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand: CM Hemant Soren Distributes Portfolios; Keeps Home, Personnel, Administrative Reforms |url=https://www.news18.com/india/jharkhand-cm-hemant-soren-distributes-portfolios-keeps-home-personnel-administrative-reforms-9147680.html |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-12-06 |title=Jharkhand CM Soren distributes portfolios: Radha Krishna gets finance, Irfan is health minister |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Dec/06/jharkhand-cm-soren-distributes-portfolios-radha-krishna-gets-finance-irfan-is-health-minister |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Satyajeet |date=2024-12-07 |title=Hemant Soren allocates portfolios to ministers, keeps Home Ministry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-keeps-home-ministry-2646285-2024-12-07 |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

The department’s administration is headed by the [[Secretary]], who is an officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS). The Secretary is assisted by an Additional Secretary and Joint Secretaries. Since March 2023, Prawin Kumar Toppo is the Secretary of Personnel, Administrative Reforms and Rajbhasa Department of [[Government of Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=Jharkhand Transfer Posting IAS News |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/jharkhand-transfer-posting-ias-pravin-toppo-appointed-as-personnel-secretary-vandana-dadel-with-additional-charge-of-cabinet-grj |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=Jharkhand Transfer Posting IAS News |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/jharkhand-transfer-posting-ias-pravin-toppo-appointed-as-personnel-secretary-vandana-dadel-with-additional-charge-of-cabinet-grj |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-20 |title=Prawin Kumar Toppo IAS posted as Secretary- Personnel, Administrative Reforms, and Rajbhasha Deptt, Jharkhand {{!}} Indian Bureaucracy {{!}} IAS, IPS, IFS Transfers, Government Appointments & PSU News |url=https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/prawin-kumar-toppo-ias-posted-as-secretary-personnel-administrative-reforms-and-rajbhasha-deptt-jharkhand/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>

'''List of important Officials''':
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Designation
|-
| [[Hemant Soren]] || Hon’ble Minister
|-
| Prawin Kumar Toppo, IAS || Secretary
|-
| Om Prakash Sah || Additional Secretary
|-
| Asif Hassan || Joint Secretary
|-
| Amar Kumar || Joint Secretary
|-
| Chintu Dorai Buru || Joint Secretary
|}

== Location ==
The headquarters of the department is located at Project Building, Dhurwa, [[Ranchi]].<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]
* [[Indian Administrative Service]]
* [[Indian Police Service]]
* [[Indian Forest Service]]
* [[Jharkhand Administrative Service]]
* [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Department of Personnel and Training (India)]]

== References ==
{{ref list}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.jharkhand.gov.in Official website of the Government of Jharkhand] 

[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:State agencies of Jharkhand]]

Farrukh Jaffar

2026-02-13T01:37:07Z

TeganJ7136381: added references

{{short description|Indian actress (1933–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Farrukh Jaffar
| image = Farrukh Jaffar in 2016.jpg
| caption = Jaffar in 2016
| birthname =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1933}}
| birth_place = [[Jaunpur district|Chakesar]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|(present day [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2021|10|15|1933}}
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| education = [[Lucknow University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Radio presenter}}
| website =
}}

'''Farrukh Jaffar''' (1933 – 15 October 2021) was an Indian actress and radio presenter in [[Bollywood]]. Most remembered for her roles in films like ''[[Swades]]'' (2004), ''[[Peepli Live]]'' (2010) and ''[[Gulabo Sitabo]]'' for which won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]].<ref name="a352">{{cite web | last=Rajpal | first=Roktim | last2=Desk | first2=DH Web | title=Remembering Farrukh Jaffar: 4 films that bear testimony to her talent | website=Deccan Herald | date=16 October 2021 | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/remembering-farrukh-jaffar-4-films-that-bear-testimony-to-her-talent-1041128.html | access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref> Having begun her career with [[Vividh Bharti]] in 1963, she made a transition into acting with a supporting role in the 1981 film ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]''. Jaffar continued to act sporadically, and beginning in the late 2010s, gained wider recognition for working in a spate of critically successful films.<ref name="ht">{{cite web |last1=Saxena |first1=Deepa |title=Farrukh Jaffar, Gulabo Sitabo's sassy Begum is on a career high at 87, here's where you've seen her before |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/farrukh-jaffar-gulabo-sitabo-s-sassy-begum-is-on-a-career-high-at-87-here-s-where-you-ve-seen-her-before/story-LdzbQxlMwATHRk5e3avc2O.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |accessdate=17 June 2020 |language=en |date=12 June 2020}}</ref> At the age of 88, she won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her performance as Fatima Begum in ''[[Gulabo Sitabo]]'', becoming the oldest winner of an acting [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare]].

==Early life and education==
Farrukh Jaffar was born in 1933 in Chakesar village of [[Jaunpur district]], [[United Provinces of British India]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]]).<ref name="life">{{cite web |title=Farrukh Jaffar : Amma of Peepli Live, who started her career as 1st announcer of Akashvani Lucknow |url=https://lucknow.me/farrukh-jaffar-amma-of-peepli-live-who-started-her-career-as-1st-announcer-of-akashvani-lucknow/ |website=Lucknow Society |accessdate=17 June 2002 |language=en }}</ref><ref name="f768">{{cite web | last=India | first=Press Trust of | title=Veteran actor Farrukh Jaffar dies at 88 in Lucknow | website=India Today | date=15 October 2021 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/veteran-actor-farrukh-jaffar-dies-at-88-in-lucknow-1865319-2021-10-15 | access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref> She attended a local school and later moved to [[Lucknow]], where she graduated from the [[Lucknow University]].<ref name="life"/>
==Career==
She started her career in 1963 when she became one of the first radio announcers of [[Vividh Bharati]] (All India Radio), Lucknow.<ref name="a352"/> Later at age 49, she made screen debut playing the role of actress Rekha's mother in Muzaffar Ali's film ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' (1981).

==Personal life==
Jaffar was married to Syed Muhammad Jaffar, a journalist and politician, who remained a member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] (MLC) and Chief of Congress in the state. The couple have two daughters{{emdash}}Mehru Jaffar and Shaheen Ahmad .<ref name="life"/><ref name="f768"/>

Jaffar died on 15 October 2021, following a brain stroke in Lucknow at the age of 88.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2021 |title=Actor Farrukh Jaffer passes away at 88 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/actor-farrukh-jaffer-passes-away-at-88-7573940/ |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="f768"/>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title<ref name="rt">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/farrukh_jaffar |title=Farrukh Jaffar |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate=17 June 2020}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Notes
|-
|1981
!scope="row"| ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]''
|Umrao Jaan's biological mother
|
|-
| 2004
!scope="row"| ''[[Swades]]''
| Fatima Bi
|
|-
| 2009
!scope="row"| ''[[Peepli Live]]''
| Mrs. Manikpuri / Amma
|
|-
| 2013
!scope="row"| ''[[Anwar Ka Ajab Kissa]]''
| Old Woman
|
|-
| rowspan="4"|2015
!scope="row"| ''[[Barefoot to Goa]]''
| Grandmother
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Jaanisaar]]''
| Noor's grandmother
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Parched]]''
| Jaanki's Grandma
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Aligarh]]''
| Deepu's Landlord
|
|-
| 2016
!scope="row"| ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]''
| Sultan's grandmother
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017
!scope="row"| ''[[What Will People Say]]''
| Bestemor
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Secret Superstar]]''
| Badi Apa
|
|-
| 2019
!scope="row"| ''[[Photograph (film)|Photograph]]''
| Daadi
|
|-
| 2020
!scope="row"| ''[[Gulabo Sitabo]]''
| Fatima Begum
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2021
!scope="row"| ''Mehrunisa''
| Mehrunisa
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Ammaa Ki Boli]]''
| Ammaa
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2022
!scope="row"| ''Mulaqat''
|
| Short film
|-
!scope="row"| ''[[Mere Desh Ki Dharti (film)|Mere Desh Ki Dharti]]''
| Daadi
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''Sehar''
| TBA
| Final film role
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Film
!Category
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2011
|[[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
|''[[Peepli Live]]''
|[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
|{{nom}}
|{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
|-
|2020
|rowspan="2"|FOI Online Awards
|''[[Photograph (film)|Photograph]]''
|rowspan="2"|Best Supporting Actress
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foionlineawards.com/5th-foi-online-awards|title=5th FOI Online Awards 2020|access-date=16 September 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517133231/https://www.foionlineawards.com/5th-foi-online-awards|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2021
|rowspan="2"|''[[Gulabo Sitabo]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foionlineawards.com/6th-foi-online-awards|title=6th FOI Online Awards 2021|access-date=16 September 2022|archive-date=1 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601125046/https://www.foionlineawards.com/6th-foi-online-awards|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[66th Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=66th Filmfare Awards 2021 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-vimal-elachi-filmfare-awards-2021_-47314.html}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1585543}}

{{Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaffar, Farrukh}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:People from Jaunpur district]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:All India Radio women]]

Srinivasan Ramakrishnan

2026-02-12T02:53:21Z

TeganJ7136381: new the entry needs work - done

{{Short description|Indian condensed matter physicist}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Srinivasan Ramakrishnan
| image = S.Ramakrishnan Photo.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = 22 December 1956 [[Tamil Nadu, India]]
| fields = [[Condensed matter physics]]
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] [[IIT Madras ]] [[University of Mumbai]]
| known_for = Studies on Ultra-low temperature physics and [[superconductivity]]
| work_institution = [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
}}

'''Srinivasan Ramakrishnan'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srinivasan Ramakrishnan |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=MxQlUKgAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref> is a [[Condensed matter physics|condensed matter physicist]] working on experimental ultra-low temperature research. He was the director and distinguished professor of the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tifr.res.in/portal/council.php | title=Tata Institute of Fundamental Research | TIFR }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Chethan Kumar|date=Dec 10, 2021 |title=ncbs: NCBS, TIGS ink pact for 'Genetics and Society' {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ncbs-tigs-ink-pact-for-genetics-and-society/articleshow/88210003.cms |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Recently, he joined IISER Pune as a distinguished professor.

== Education ==

Srinivasan Ramakrishnan, did his B.Sc. degree in Applied Sciences from the [[PSG College of Technology]] at Coimbatore in 1977 and M.Sc. Physics in [[IIT Madras]] in 1979. He joined [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] in 1979, enrolled at the [[University of Mumbai]] for doctoral studies on superconductivity in transition metal compounds and obtained his Ph.D. in 1985.

== Research ==
His efforts in Ultra Low Temperature (ULT) research led to the discovery of superconductivity in the Bismuth at 0.53 mK and was published in Science 2017.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Prakash |first1=Om |last2=Kumar |first2=Anil |last3=Thamizhavel |first3=A. |last4=Ramakrishnan |first4=S. |date=2017-01-06 |title=Evidence for bulk superconductivity in pure bismuth single crystals at ambient pressure |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaf8227 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=355 |issue=6320 |pages=52–55 |doi=10.1126/science.aaf8227 |pmid=27934703 |arxiv=1603.04310 |bibcode=2017Sci...355...52P |s2cid=206649934 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> Temperature of the experiments in his laboratory range from 400 K to 40 μK.

== Awards ==
He is a recipient of the [[Friedrich Bessel]] research award<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award |url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/apply/sponsorship-programmes/friedrich-wilhelm-bessel-research-award |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=www.humboldt-foundation.de |language=en}}</ref> (bestowed by [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]]) in November 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srinivasan Ramakrishnan |url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/connect/explore-the-humboldt-network/singleview?tx_rsmavhsolr_solrview%5BpPersonId%5D=1022736&cHash=2707d50396b5c9f02940c38078eb3008 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=www.humboldt-foundation.de |language=en}}</ref> He was elected as a fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Academy of Sciences |url=https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/FL2002010 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=fellows.ias.ac.in}}</ref> in 2002.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramakrishnan, Srinivasan}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Indian condensed matter physicists]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Chakraborty

2026-02-07T03:23:58Z

TeganJ7136381:

{{Short description|Surname list}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox surname
|name = Chakraborty
|pronunciation =
|image =
|caption =
|meaning =
|region = [[Bengal]]
|origin = [[Bengali Hindu]]
|variant =
|footnotes =
}}

{{Hinduism}}
'''Chakraborty''' (spelling variations include '''Chakraborti''', '''Chakrabarti''', '''Chakravarty''', '''Chakravorty''', '''Chakravarti''', '''Chakrabartty''' and '''Chakrabarty''') is a surname used by [[Bengali Hindus]] and [[Assamese people|Assamese Hindus]] of [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]], as well as by some communities of [[southern India]]. It literally means 'wheels rolling'; metaphorically it denotes a ruler whose chariot wheels roll everywhere without obstruction (''čakra'' 'wheel' + ''vart-'' 'to roll').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thebizdom.in/how-well-do-you-know-about-the-origins-of-some-indian-occupational-surnames/|title=How well do you know about the origins of some Indian Occupational Surnames?|date=22 February 2020|access-date=23 February 2022|publisher=TheBizdom}}</ref> The surname is mainly used by people of the [[Bengali Brahmin]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Sankar Sen |title=Folklore of Bengal: A Projected Study |year=1976 |publisher=Indian Publications |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x0AiAAAAMAAJ&q=brahmin+surname+chakravarty |language=en|quote=It is said that when the five brahmins went to the court of Adisura, there were 700 families of brahmin residents in Bengal, who were called Saptasatis or Satsatis (meaning 700). These Saptasatis too were honoured by the rulers and often they received grants of villages. Gradually they became priests to the lower castes and thereby descended to the rank of degraded brahmins, even though they have boasted such surnames such as '''Chakravarty''' and Bhattacharya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Gregory |title=The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility |date=25 August 2015 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16837-1 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p22YDwAAQBAJ&q=chakraborty+bengali+brahmin+kshatriya+surname |language=en |quote=This chapter examines social mobility in Bengal from 1860 to the present.. This group [Bengali Brahmins]: Bandopadhyaya/Banerjee, Bhattacharya/Bhattacharjee, '''Chakraborty/Chakravarty''', Chattopadhyaya/Chatterjee, Gangopadhyaya/Ganguly, ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Folk-lore |year=1975 |publisher=Indian Publications |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMvjAAAAMAAJ&q=bengal%20brahmin%20chakravarty |language=en|quote=A few Bengali Surnames that identify a caste – Surname Caste Identification Brahmin Bandyopadhyay (Banerjee), Mukhopadhyay (Mukherjee), Gangopadhyaya (Ganguli), Chattopadhyay (Chatterjee), '''Chakravarty''', Kanjilal, Sanyal, Lahiri ...}}</ref> and [[Assamese Brahmin]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |title=Brahmin Women |date=2003 |publisher=Firma KLM |isbn=978-81-7102-107-9 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iyraAAAAMAAJ&q=chakraborty |quote=The Assamese Brahmins The Brahmins of Assam also claim that their ancestors migrated from either Gauda or Bengal and ... on whole the lower Assam group the adopt the surnames like '''Chakraborty''', Bhattacharyaa...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=K. S. |title=People of India: Assam (2 pts.) |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7046-128-9 |page=168 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofT90TF7pJcC&q=chakraborty+Assamese+Brahmin+surname|quote=The community is divided into two subgroups, Brahman and Kshat- triya. The Brahman enjoys a higher socio - religious position than the Kshattriya . The Brahman group uses surnames, such as, '''Chakraborty''', Sharma,..}}</ref> communities in the states of [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]] and [[Assam]]. The surname is also used by the [[Jainism in Tamil Nadu|Jains]] of southern India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sangave |first1=Vilas Adinath |title=Jaina Community: A Social Survey |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-0-317-12346-3 |page=294 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Jaina_Community/FWdWrRGV_t8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=chakravarty+south+India&pg=PA294 |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable persons with this surname==

===Male===
*[[Abani Chakravarty]] (1941–1994?), Indian Assamese poet
*[[Ajay Chakraborty]] (born 1943), Indian politician
*[[Ajoy Chakrabarty]] (born 1953), Indian singer
*[[Akinchan Chakrabarty]] (18th century), Bengali poet
*[[Amal Chakraborty]], Indian paediatric surgeon
*[[Ambika Chakrabarty]] (1892–1962), Indian Bengali independence movement activist and revolutionary
*[[Amiya Chakravarty]] (1901–1986), literary critic, academic, and Bengali poet
*[[Amiya Chakravarty (director)]] (1912–1957), Indian film director, screenwriter and producer
*[[Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty]] (1938–2020), Indian microbiologist, party to the U.S. Supreme Court case Diamond v. Chakrabarty
*[[Animesh Chakravorty]] (born 1935), Indian chemist
*[[Aravinda Chakravarti]] (born 1954), Indian geneticist
*[[Arindam Chakrabarti]], Indian philosopher working in Hawaii
*[[Arjun Chakrabarty]] (born 1990), Indian actor
*[[Arnab Chakrabarty]] (born 1980), Indian musician and Sarod player
*[[Arup Chakraborty]] (born 1961), American engineer
*[[Bicky Chakraborty]] (1943–2022), Swedish hotel mogul
*[[Bikas K Chakrabarti]] (born 1952), Indian physicist
*[[Birendra Narayan Chakraborty]] (1904–1976), Indian politician
*[[Bonnie Chakraborty]], Bengali singer
*[[Byomkes Chakrabarti]] (1923–1981), Indian linguist
*[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] (born 1960), Indian Bengali film actor
*[[Dhirendra Kishore Chakravarti]] (1902{{snd}}after 1982), Indian geologist and palaeontologist
*[[Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti]] (born 1941), Indian archaeologist
*[[Dipesh Chakrabarty]] (born 1948), Indian historian
*[[Gaurav Chakrabarty]] (born 1987), Indian actor
*[[George Chakravarthi]] (born 1969), British-Indian artist
*[[Ghanaram Chakrabarty]] (c. 1669-?), Bengali poet
*[[Haranath Chakraborty]] (born 1959), Indian Bengali film director
*[[J. D. Chakravarthy]] (born 1970), Indian film actor and director in Telugu cinema and Bollywood
*[[Janardan Chakravarti]] (1901–1987), Indian professor of Bengali
*[[K. Chakravarthy]] (1936–2002), music director in the South Indian film industry
*[[Keshab Chakravarthy]] (active 1925), Indian revolutionary
*[[Khelaram Chakrabarty]] (16th century), Bengali poet
*[[K. M. Chakravarty|Kshitindra Mohan Chakravarty]] (1900–1988), Indian chemist, fuel technician and teacher
*[[Kushal Chakraborty]] (born 1968), Bengali actor and film director
*[[M. C. Chakrabarti]] (died 1972), Indian statistician
*[[Mahaakshay Chakraborty]] (born 1984), Indian actor
*[[Manoj Chakraborty]] (born 1954), Indian politician
*[[Mithun Chakraborty]] (born 1950), Indian actor, director and businessman
*[[Nachiketa Chakraborty]] (born 1965), Indian Bengali singer-songwriter
*[[Nirendranath Chakravarty]] (1924–2018), Bengali poet
*[[Nripen Chakraborty]] (1905–2004), Indian politician
*[[Oliphant Chuckerbutty]] (1884–1960), English composer and organist of Anglo-Indian descent
*[[Panchanan Chakraborty]] (1900–1995), Indian revolutionary
*[[Phani Bhusan Chakravartti]] (1898–1981), first Indian Bengali permanent Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court
*[[Pramod Chakravorty]] (1929–2004), Indian film director and producer
*[[Praveen Chakravarty]] (born 1973), Indian businessman
*[[Pritam Chakraborty]] (born 1971), Indian Bengali music director and composer
*[[Pritish Chakraborty]] (born 1984), Indian film actor, director, writer, producer, singer in Bollywood
*[[Rahi Chakraborty]] (born 1988), Indian singer, songwriter, programmer and guitarist
*[[Raj Chakraborty]] (born 1975), Indian Bengali film director
*[[Rajorshi Chakraborti]] (born 1977), Indian writer in English
*[[Ranajit Chakraborty]] (1946–2018), Indian geneticist
*[[Ritwick Chakraborty]] (born 1977), Indian film actor
*[[Rupram Chakrabarty]] (17th century), Bengali poet
*[[S. S. Chakravarthy]] (died 2023), Indian Tamil film producer
*[[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]] (born 1956), Indian Bengali TV and film actor
*[[Saikat Chakrabarti]] (born 1986), American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and political activist
*[[Samiran Chandra Chakrabarti]], Indian Indologist and scholar of onomastics & Vedic studies
*[[Samrat Chakrabarti]] (born 1975), British-American actor and musician
*[[Sandip Chakrabarti]] (born 1958), Indian astrophysicist
*[[Sankar Chakraborti]] (born 1970), Indian business leader
*[[Shibram Chakraborty]] (1903–1980), Bengali writer, humorist and revolutionary
*[[Shibu Chakravarthy]] (born 1961), Indian lyricist, screenplay and script writer who mainly works in Malayalam cinema
*[[Shyam Sundar Chakravarthy]] (1869–1932), Bengali revolutionary, independence activist and journalist
*[[Snehasish Chakraborty]] (born 1989), Indian footballer
*[[Soham Chakraborty]] (born 1984), Indian actor, producer, and politician
*[[Soorjo Coomar Goodeve Chuckerbutty]] (c. 1826–1874), one of the earliest Indians to practice modern medicine
*[[Souvik Chakraborty]] (born 1991), Indian footballer
*[[Subhas Chakraborty]] (died 2009), Indian politician, transport minister of West Bengal
*[[Sugato Chakravarty]], Indian marketing academic
*[[Sujan Chakraborty]] (born 1959), Indian politician
*[[Sujit Chakraborty]] (born 1968) West Bengal politician from Barjora
*[[Suma Chakrabarti]] (born 1959), British civil servant, President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
*[[Sumon K Chakrabarti]], Indian journalist
*[[Supriyo Chakraborty]], (born 1995), Indian cricketer
*[[Swadesh Chakraborty]] (1943–2024), Indian politician
*[[Swapan Kumar Chakravorty]] (1954–2021), Director General of the National Library of India, Kolkata
*[[Trailokyanath Chakravarty]] (1889–1970), British Indian revolutionary, East Pakistani politician
*[[Tulsi Chakraborty]] (1899–1961), Indian comic actor
*[[Utpalendu Chakrabarty]] (1948–2024), Indian film director
*[[Varun Chakravarthy]] (born 1991), Indian cricketer
*[[Vijay C Chakravarthy]], Indian cinematographer
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] (1945–2017), Tamil actor, scriptwriter and director
*[[Visvanatha Chakravarti]] (1626? – 1708?), Bengali guru

===Female===
*[[Bijoya Chakravarty]] (born 1939), Indian politician from Assam
*[[Dia Chakravarty]] (born 1984), Bangladeshi-born British political activist and singer
*[[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]] (born 1942), Indian literary critic
*[[Ipsita Roy Chakraverti]] (born 1950), Indian Wiccan priestess
*[[Jaya Chakrabarti]] (born 1973), British public figure and scientist
*[[Kaushiki Chakrabarty]] (born 1980), Indian classical vocalist
*[[Lolita Chakrabarti]] (born 1969), British actor and writer
*[[Megha Chakraborty]], Indian actress
*[[Meghna Chakrabarti]], American radio personality
*[[Mimi Chakraborty]] (born 1989), Bengali film actress, singer and a (nominal) Member of Parliament
*[[Reeta Chakrabarti]] (born 1964), British television journalist
*[[Rhea Chakraborty]] (born 1992), Indian video jockey and actress
*[[Ritabhari Chakraborty]] (born 1992), Indian Bengali film actor
*[[Rushmi Chakravarthi]] (born 1977), Indian tennis player
*[[S. A. Chakraborty]] (born 1985), American fantasy novelist
*[[Shami Chakrabarti]] (born 1969), British member of the House of Lords, barrister and civil liberties campaigner
*[[Sharmila Chakraborty]] (born 1961), Indian cricketer
*[[Sumona Chakravarti]] (born 1988), Bollywood actress and celebrity
*[[Uthpala Chakraborty]], Indian cricketer

== See also ==
* [[Chakrabarti Inquiry]], British Labour Party inquiry into allegations of antisemitism
* [[Chakravartin]], an ancient Indian term used to refer to an ideal universal ruler
* ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]'', a 2015 Indian historical drama TV series

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}

[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindu surnames]]
[[Category:Assamese-language surnames]]

Maghar Mahotsav

2026-02-06T07:37:20Z

TeganJ7136381: starting details

{{short description|Festival in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name = Maghar Mahotsav
|logo =
|image =
|caption =
|location = [[Maghar, India|Maghar]], [[Sant Kabir Nagar District]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
|years_active =
|genre =
|website =
}}
The '''Maghar Mahotsav''' is an annual cultural festival, held in [[Maghar, India|Maghar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] in memory of [[Kabir]], a [[saint]]. It is held every year in January. Mahotsav is organized in collaboration with the Department of Tourism (UP), Department of Culture (UP) and District Administration of Sant Kabir Nagar.

==History==
History of the festival dates back to 1937, when Kabir Nirvan Mela was organized by Raees Jaggulal Srivastava. Later in 1955–56, local Businessmen of [[Khalilabad, India|Khalilabad]] organized two days fair, with help of donations from citizens. Freedom Fighters Mazid Ali, Jagannath Prasad, Munshi Shiv Prasad Gupta and then manager of Gandhi Ashram Pandit Ramnath Chaubey and two others started the initiative for same. In 1987, a cricket competition was organized and then [[Khalilabad, India|Khalilabad]] SDM Mr. R. C. P. Singh was chief guest. During discussions with him, local residents requested District Administration to organize it regularly. Later after discussion between him and then [[Basti district|Basti]] [[District Magistrate]] Mr. Pankaj Agrawal, Kabir Mahotsav was organized in place of Kabir Nirvan Mela. At that time, Maghar was part of [[Basti District]].<ref name=Maghar2>{{cite news|title=Maghar Festival history|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar/maghar-festival-today-hindi-news|accessdate=11 January 2021|work=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=11 January 2016|language=hi}}</ref><ref name =maghar3>{{cite news|title=When was Maghar Festival started?|url=https://www.vokal.in/question/N9J7-magahar-mahotsav-kab-shuru-tha|accessdate=11 January 2021|work=vokal.in|language=en|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112043421/https://www.vokal.in/question/N9J7-magahar-mahotsav-kab-shuru-tha|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=maghar5>{{cite news|title=Festival of maghar if you get 50 lakh rupees from the government then the wishes go up|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-festival-of-maghar-if-you-get-50-lakh-rupees-from-the-government-then-the-wishes-go-up-19883988.html|accessdate=11 January 2021|work=[[Dainik Jagran]]|date=28 December 2019|language=hi}}</ref>

As part of Mahotsav various cultural activities viz. [[Kavi Sammelan]], Bhajan, Folk Singing, [[Qawwali]] and sports events are organised. Also a fair is organised in which local and nearby merchants set up their stalls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar-8730642.html|title=मगहर महोत्सव लटकने से अनुयायियों में निराशा}}</ref>

In 2012 and 2017 due to [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Assembly elections]] and in 2018 due to budget issue, Maghar Mahotsav was not organized.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur/story-audience-took-pleasure-in-answerable-birha-in-maghar-mahotsav-2362917.html|title = मगहर महोत्सव में जवाबी बिरहा का दर्शकों ने उठाया आनन्द}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maundarshan.page/2020/01/magahar-mahotsav-2020-ka-shubh-r8XLSE.html|title = मगहर महोत्सव 2020 का शुभारंभ मंडलायुक्त ने दीप प्रज्ज्वलित करके किया}}</ref> In 2022, due to Covid-19 pandemic, this event was not organized.

==Recent Editions==
===2025===
The 2025 Maghar Mahotsav was organized during 28 January-3 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar/maghar-mahotsav-will-be-organized-in-sant-kabir-nagar-from-28th-january-dm-inspected-2025-01-27|title=कबीर मगहर महोत्सव 2025 का कार्यक्रम तय:28 जनवरी से 3 फरवरी तक आयोजन, बॉलीवुड से भोजपुरी तक की रंगारंग प्रस्तुतियां होंगी; Dainik Bhaskar|date = 27 January 2025}}</ref>

===2024===
The 2024 Maghar Mahotsav was organized during 28 January-3 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar/news/maghar-mahotsav-of-2024-will-be-historic-in-sant-kabir-nagar-132507585.html|title=संतकबीर नगर में ऐतिहासिक होगा 2024 का मगहर महोत्सव; Dainik Bhaskar|date = January 2024}}</ref>

===2023===
The 2023 Maghar Mahotsav was organized during 7-9 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/maghar-mela-2023-started-from-7-february-in-sant-kabir-nagar-tight-security-arrangements-ann-2327984|title=Maghar Mela 2023: संतकबीर नगर में आज से शुरू हुआ भव्य मगहर मेला, सुरक्षा को लेकर किए गए खास इंतजाम; ABP Live|date = January 2024}}</ref>

===2021===
The 2021 Maghar Mahotsav was merged with Spiritual Saint Yatra & Kabir Utsav and organised between 23–25 February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/gorakhpur/spiritual-saint-yatra-and-kabir-utsav-will-be-organized-in-sant-kabir-nagar|title=संतकबीरनगर महोत्सव की जगह आयोजित किया जाएगा ये कार्यक्रम, यहां देखिए पूरा शेड्यूल}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/23-february-kabir-sahebs-ascent-to-satlok/|title = 23 February Kabir Sahib's Ascent to Satlok (Maghar Leela) | SA News|date = 20 February 2021}}</ref>

===2020===
The 2020 Maghar Mahotsav was organized during 12–18 January 2020. Mahotsav was inaugurated by then [[Basti Division|Basti]] [[Divisional Commissioner]] Anil Sagar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/gorakhpur/maghar-festival-2020-starts-on-kabir-chaura-campus-at-sant-kabirnagar|title=सद्गुरु कबीर की निर्वाण स्थली पर मगहर महोत्सव शुरू, इन विभागों ने लगाए स्टॉल}}</ref> Folk Singer Supriya Rawat and Model-Dancer Anshika Tyagi performed in Mahotsav.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/gorakhpur/maghar-mahotsav-lok-singer-supriya-rawat-live-performace?pageId=1|title = लोक गायिका सुप्रिया रावत ने लोकगीतों ने बांधा समां, अंशिका त्यागी के नृत्य पर झूमे लोग}}</ref>

===2019===
The 2019 Maghar Mahotsav was organized during 12–18 January 2019. Various Cultural programs including [[Kavi Sammelan]] and Mushaira were organized.<ref name=maghar1>{{cite news|title=Maghar Festival today|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar/year-1937-commences-fair-now-maghar-festival|accessdate=11 January 2021|work=[[Amar Ujala]]|date=11 January 2019|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sknagar.nic.in/event/magahar-mahotsav-2019/|title=Magahar Mahotsav 2019 | District Sant Kabir Nagar, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India}}</ref> Jawabi Birha was performed by Singers Nitu Chanchal and Upendra Lal Yadav.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur/story-audience-took-pleasure-in-answerable-birha-in-maghar-mahotsav-2362917.html|title = मगहर महोत्सव में जवाबी बिरहा का दर्शकों ने उठाया आनन्द}}</ref>

===2016===
The 2016 Maghar Mahotsav was organized during 12–18 January 2016. Mahotsav was inaugurated by then Uttar Pradesh Minister of State for Food & Ration Laxmikant Nishad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar/maghar-festival-12-began-preparations-hindi-news|title=मगहर महोत्सव 12 से, तैयारी शुरू}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.univarta.com/news/states/story/341089.html |title=सात दिवसीय मगहर महोत्सव शुरु | language=hi | trans-title=Seven-day Maghar festival begins |access-date=11 January 2021 |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117022231/http://www.univarta.com/news/states/story/341089.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===2015===
The 2015 Maghar Mahotsav was organized during 12–18 January 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar-11956617.html|title = मगहर महोत्सव: सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमों की रहेगी धूम}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kabir Jayanti]]
* [[Kabir Chaura]]
* [[Basti Mahotsav]]
* [[Gorakhpur Mahotsav]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Festivals in Uttar Pradesh]]

Neiliezhü Üsou

2026-02-04T21:16:41Z

TeganJ7136381: New a details

{{Short description|Indian theologian (1941–2009)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Family name hatnote|Üsou|lang=Angami}}{{Promotional|date=January 2026}}{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = Neiliezhü Üsou
| image = Neiliezhu Usou picture.jpg
| caption = Üsou in May 2002
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1941|7|7}}
| birth_place = Nerhema, [[Naga Hills District, British India|Naga Hills District]], [[Assam Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (Now Nerhema, [[Kohima district|Kohima District]], [[Nagaland]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2009|1|30|1941|7|7}}
| death_place = [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]], India
| occupation =
| spouse = {{marriage|Rüülhou-ü Üsou|1965}}
| children = 7
| awards = [[Glory of India Award|Bharat Jyoti Award]] (2000),
International Gold Star Award (2001),
Jawaharlal Nehru Excellence Award (2001)
| signature =
}}
'''Neiliezhü Üsou''' (7 July 1941 – 30 January 2009) was an Indian [[baptist]] minister and public leader from [[Nagaland]]. He was known for his [[Language interpretation|interpretive]] skills, [[sermons]] and involvement with the [[Government of Nagaland|State Government]].

== Early life, education and family ==
Neiliezhü Üsou was born on 7 July 1941 to an [[Angami Naga]] family from Nerhema Village. His father, Putsolie Üsou, was the [[village head]]. His early education was at the village [[primary school]]. He came from a non-Christian family, and was inspired to become a [[missionary]] by witnessing B. I. Anderson, an American missionary, and his wife playing [[piano accordion]] during their visit to Nerhema Village Baptist Church in 1951, led by Kenneth Kerhüo. He was baptised by water on 13 March 1953, from Rev. Kevizelie.<ref name=TRAIL>[http://www.oocities.org/trailbulletin/archives/trailvol6issue1.html Neiliezhu Usou's profile] "Profile Talk" in the MHBC Youth Quarterly Bulletin "TRAIL" 2005</ref>{{Dead link|date=January 2026}} He joined the [[Naga National Council|Naga National Movement]] and went underground for sometime. He resurfaced and continued his schooling in Government High School, Kohima. He joined Eastern Theological College (ETC), [[Jorhat]], Assam and did his [[Bachelor of Theology]] from 1960 to 1964. Seeing his interest in music he was sent to Leonard Theological College (LTC), [[Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh]] by an American missionary, Dr. Frederick S. Downs,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.woodstock.ac.in/Alumni/DistAlum/downs.htm |title=Dr. Frederick S. Downs |access-date=12 March 2011 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719035542/http://www.woodstock.ac.in/Alumni/DistAlum/downs.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> where he did his Religious Education in [[Church Music]] from 1964 to 1965.<ref name=TRAIL/>

Üsou joined Baptist English School in Kohima as teacher and married the youngest daughter of Rev. Zhapuzhülie Sekhose, Rüülhou-ü, on 18 December 1965, at the age of 24. Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou and his wife Rüülhou-ü had seven children: three sons and four daughters.<ref name=TRAIL/> They had two daughters-in-law, two sons-in-law and eight grandchildren. Most of the children are involved in [[Christian Ministry]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

== Ministry ==
=== Angami Baptist Church Council (ABCC) ===
{{see also|Angami Baptist Church Council}}
After his theological studies he joined the [[Angami Baptist Church Council]] (ABCC) as Superintendent of Mission Hostel under ABCC from 1966 to 1968 and also in 1971. He also served as Youth Director of ABCC in 1968, 1971 and as Youth Promoter in 1972. He started Nagaland Christian Youth Movement (NCYM) in 1970 and Angami Youth Gospel Team (AYGT) in 1971 as the Director respectively.<ref name="Visionary Church Leader">[http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5972%3Arev-dr-neiliezhue-uesou-a-visionary-church-leader-&Itemid=82 A visionary Church Leader]</ref>

The ABCC gave him license in 1974 and in 1975 he was appointed as [[Evangelism|Evangelist]]-at-Large and held the same post until 1977. He was the Vice President of the ABCC during 1987 to 1989.<ref name=PASSES>[http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5910%3Arev-neiliezhue-uesou-passes-away&Itemid=82 Positions held]</ref>

=== Nagaland Baptist Church Council (NBCC) ===
{{see also|Nagaland Baptist Church Council}}
Üsou was the first Honorary Youth Director of [[Nagaland Baptist Church Council]] (NBCC) in 1972<ref>[http://www.nbcc.in/history.html#5 A Brief History of Youth Department] www.nbcc.in</ref> and actively participated in the [[Billy Graham]] [[Revival meeting|Crusade]] held in Kohima the same year.<ref>[http://www.billygraham.org/assets/media/pdfs/festivals/BGCrusadeChronology.pdf Billy Graham in Kohima] pdf</ref><ref>[http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/february/38.51.html Billy Graham Kohima Crusade 1972] Christianity Today</ref> He became the Liaison Committee member of [[Longri Ao#Shillong Accord of 1975|Nagaland Peace Council]]<ref>[http://nagaland.nic.in/profile/history/peace.htm Nagaland Peace Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314113027/http://nagaland.nic.in/profile/history/peace.htm |date=14 March 2012 }} "Dawn of Peace in Nagaland": Govt. of Nagaland website</ref> under the aegis of NBCC from 1975 till 2009.<ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/2007/09/07/npc-observes-peace-day-1189143503.html NPC observes Peace Day] Rev. Dr. N. Üsou and NPC</ref> He led the [[Naga people|Naga]] [[Choir]] as a [[music Director|Choir Director]] to India [[Youth for Christ]] convention in 1975 at [[Kolkata]].

Üsou along with other members of Nagaland Peace Council met the then [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]], and [[Home Minister]], [[Giani Zail Singh]], in October 1979 at the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office, New Delhi]] in connection with peace work in Nagaland.<ref>[https://www.angelfire.com/nm/nagalim/naga_str.htm detail of "NPC" members meeting Mrs. Indira Gandhi] Naga struggle for sovereignty: its past and the probable future</ref> He actively took part in the movement spearheaded by Nagaland Baptist Church Council for total liquor prohibition in Nagaland which finally culminated in the [[Government of Nagaland]] passing the, still widely debated,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.christiantoday.com/articles/nagaland-church-oppose-review-of-liquor-prohibition/5489.htm |title=Nagaland Church oppose review of liquor prohibition |access-date=13 March 2011 |archive-date=8 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708151313/http://in.christiantoday.com/articles/nagaland-church-oppose-review-of-liquor-prohibition/5489.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nagaland Liquor Total Prohibition Act (NLTP) in 1989 in the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Nagaland State Legislative Assembly]].<ref>[http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwMjgyNDM%3D-MigSbl4tLgg%3D Nagaland Liquor Total Prohibition Act 1989(NLTP)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930034924/http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwMjgyNDM=-MigSbl4tLgg= |date=30 September 2011 }} NBCC on total prohibition of liquor</ref>

He attended the 16th [[Baptist World Alliance]] Congress at [[Seoul]], South Korea, 14–18 August 1990 and was among the 370 [[ordained minister]]s from 149 countries to take part in
a mass [[Baptism]] at the Olympic rowing competition site in [[Misari Regatta]], where 10,000 candidates received water baptism.<ref>[http://www.bwa-baptist-heritage.org/krm2.htm BWA Congress 1990 at Seoul, South Korea] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218220224/http://www.bwa-baptist-heritage.org/krm2.htm |date=18 February 2011 }} A Survey of Baptist World Alliance Conversations with other Churches and some implications for Baptist Identity.</ref>

=== Council of Baptist Churches in North East India (CBCNEI) ===
{{see also|Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India}}
In 1974 he was sent by the [[Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India]] (CBCNEI) to [[Arunachal Pradesh]] to conduct a two-week music seminar. At this time, Arunachal Pradesh was known for [[Anti-Christian violence in India|persecution of Christians]]. He successfully carried out the dangerous mission, conducting music classes in the afternoons and [[Bible study (Christian)|Bible studies]] in the evenings.

=== Ministers' Hill Baptist Church (MHBC) ===
{{main|Ministers' Hill Baptist Church}}

Üsou was installed as full-time pastor on 1 October 1978, at [[Ministers' Hill Baptist Church]] (MHBC), located at a hillock named Ministers' Hill Colony because it quarters [[Government minister]]s.<ref name=TRAIL/><ref name=PASSES/> He successfully completed twenty five years as full-time pastor and was conferred the title of [[Senior Pastor]] during the [[Silver Jubilee]] celebration held on 12 October 2003, attended by many Church leaders and believers from various Churches including the State [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]], [[Neiphiu Rio]]. The same evening a musical concert was organized to honour him. He opened the concert singing his favourite song "[[His Eye Is on the Sparrow]]". Many local musicians and veteran singers participated.
He was ordained on 20 December 1981, by Rev. L. Bizo at Ministers' Hill Baptist Church (MHBC) and celebrated twenty-five years as an ordained minister on 20 December 2006. During his Pastorship the Church grew from strength to strength, the Church managed school Ministers' Hill Baptist English School was alleviated to [[Higher Secondary]] level, [[Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School]] (MHBHSS), in 1998.<ref>[http://www.list-company.com/company-info/4028809a13dd74c80113dd7d329e11c7/Ministers-Hill-Baptist-Higher-Secondary-School-K12-Schools.shtml Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School, Kohima, Nagaland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006082438/http://www.list-company.com/company-info/4028809a13dd74c80113dd7d329e11c7/Ministers-Hill-Baptist-Higher-Secondary-School-K12-Schools.shtml |date=6 October 2011 }} Rev.Dr.Neiliezhü Üsou, Pastor MHBC, 16 June 1998</ref> The Church and the School has been producing many [[theologians]] and [[missionaries]]. His dream project "The new church building" was completed and dedicated by him on 22 December 2002.

=== The Royal British Legion (RBL) ===
Üsou served as Officiating [[Chaplain]] of the [[Royal British Legion]] (RBL) from 1994 till 2009.<ref name=TRAIL/> [[Kohima]] is famous for the [[Battle of Kohima]] between the British and Japanese during the [[Second World War]]. The slain soldiers of UK, India and [[Nagaland]] are buried in Kohima War Cemetery.<ref>[http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2058100 Kohima War Cemetery] Commonwealth War Graves Commission website</ref><ref>[http://kohima.nic.in/cmtry.htm Kohima War Cemetery] Govt. of Nagaland website</ref> Every three years the relatives and war survivors from the United Kingdom visit Kohima for memorial services where he conduct these solemn occasions.<ref>[http://www.nagalim.nl/news/00000183.htm Royal British Legion revisits war memories] "Officiating Chaplain Rev. Dr. N. Üsou conducts memorial Service marking the 60th anniversary of the Second World War" Nagalim.NL News retrieved 10/16/2005</ref>

He chaired the [[Remembrance Day]] service along with some Agape members from Japan led by [[Keiko Holmes]], recipient of [[OBE]], working for [[List of war apology statements issued by Japan|reconciliation]] on 11 November 2002, at Kohima War Cemetery.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120323185658/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-11-12/india/27310986_1_atrocities-japanese-war-delegation Japanese war delegation in Kohima, Nagaland, India] timesofindia.com retrieved 11/12/2002</ref>

=== Revival crusades ===
He conducted several [[Revival meeting|Revival Crusades]] in Nagaland and was invited to a number of such crusades and Churches to speak. He was considered to be one of the best [[interpreter]]s in Nagaland and has interpreted renowned preachers including [[Billy Kim]],<ref>[http://www.billykim.net/eng/html/profile/profile_02.asp Billy Kim in Nagaland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723025001/http://www.billykim.net/eng/html/profile/profile_02.asp |date=23 July 2011 }} Billy Kim's official website</ref> Frederick S. Downs and Roger Houstma.<ref>[http://truecongresspolitics.wordpress.com/tag/communists/ Roger Houstma in Nagaland, India] Christian missionaries and Christian NGOs in India Preparing for the harvest truecongresspolitics.wordpress.com</ref> His interpretive skill was marked by speed, accuracy and enthusiasm.

== Music ==
Apart from his education in Church music, Üsou did a Condensed Piano Course from Kolkata in 1972 to equip himself better. He played several [[musical instruments]] with the piano accordion his favorite. He formed his family musical band christened "Üsou's Instrumental Praise" in 2002, where he played piano accordion; his three sons on [[piano]], [[saxophone]], [[Acoustic guitar|acoustic]] and [[bass guitar]], Hawaiian guitar, [[drum]] and a daughter on [[violin]] and [[cello]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} They are considered to be the only musical family in Nagaland and they perform in different concerts, government functions and Churches.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Church is not a stationary institution, but a movement |url=http://www.morungexpress.com/local/42904.html |date=5 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714115639/http://www.morungexpress.com/local/42904.html |archive-date=14 July 2011 |work=The Morung Express |id=Account and programme of ABCC's "125 years of Christianity" celebration in Kohima, includes listing of Üsou's Instrumental Praise performance.}}</ref>

Üsou was a [[composer]] with many original songs, including a number of [[theme songs]] which are performed by the respective members on appropriate and specific occasions.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

=== School of Music ===
He established the first government-approved institute for [[Music school|Music studies]] in Nagaland, the School of Music, Kohima, on 13 August 1969, and held the position of Founding Proprietor until his death.<ref>[http://nagalimonline.tangkhul.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3135 Neiliezhu Usou, the founding proprietor of School of Music, Kohima] nagalim.co.uk</ref> The school has been producing many amateur musicians and Church [[pianists]] and now offers programmes of study in voice, [[violin]], [[piano]], [[saxophone]], [[drums]] and [[conducting]] departments under the music exam boards of [[ABRSM]] (the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music) and [[Trinity Guildhall]], London.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nagalandpost.com/ChannelNews/Infotainment/InfotainmentNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDAwMzUxNA%3D%3D-UPcA6WVSI%2Bw%3D |title=courses offered by SOM, Kohima |access-date=9 August 2011 |archive-date=7 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407123943/http://www.nagalandpost.com/ChannelNews/Infotainment/InfotainmentNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDAwMzUxNA==-UPcA6WVSI+w= |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Governmental engagement ==
Üsou was closely associated with successive [[Government of Nagaland|Governments in Nagaland]]. Some of his notable engagements with the Government were:
*During the occasion of distribution of tickets to a [[Political party]] for [[Elections in India|Nagaland general election]] in 1987<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport%201987%20Nagaland.pdf Nagaland General Election 1987] pdf</ref> by the then Prime Minister of India, [[Rajiv Gandhi]], he offered [[Dedication (ritual)|Dedicatory]] prayer for the candidates and for peaceful election.<ref>[http://www.nagauniv.org.in/menu/vcdesk/Speech_Shri%20RAJIV%20Gandhi_foundation_laying_NU.pdf Indian Prime Minister Shri. Rajiv Gandhi in Nagaland] pdf</ref>
*He dedicated the newly built Nagaland State Secretariat Building with over 200 rooms on 30 May 1994.
*He [[Invocation|invoked]] God's blessings during the State level [[peace rally]] held on 13 March 1999, participated by thousands of people where [[Sonia Gandhi]] was the Chief Guest.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162852/http://www.nenanews.com/OT%20Mar%2022-%20Apr%206,99/oh21.htm Sonia Gandhi in Nagaland and Manipur]}} peace rally/public meeting attended by Sonia Gandhi: headlines Oriental Times vol. 1 Issue 42-43 Mar 22 – 6 April 1999</ref>
*He offered dedicatory prayer at the inauguration of the newly built Governor's Office, the Naga Bhavan,<ref>[http://nagaland.nic.in/functionaries/rajbhavan/history.htm Naga Bhavan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172832/http://nagaland.nic.in/functionaries/rajbhavan/history.htm |date=21 July 2011 }} Raj Bhavan (the Governor's House) in Govt. of Nagaland website</ref> at [[Raj Bhavan (Nagaland)|Raj Bhavan, Kohima]] on 15 August 1999.
*He also invoked God's blessing for the [[Kargil War]] heroes on the occasion of [[Kargil Vijay Diwas]] at [[Durbar Hall]], Raj Bhavan, Kohima on 26 July 2000.
*During the [[Indian Republic Day]] celebration on 26 January 2002, he chaired the farewell ceremony of the outgoing [[Governor of Nagaland]], Om Prakash Sharma, and delivered the farewell message at Durbar Hall, Raj Bhavan, Kohima.
*He offered invocation prayer on the public reception to the new Governor of Nagaland, [[Shyamal Datta]] on 4 February 2002.<ref>[http://www.indlii.org/ContentPages/Governer%20of%20Nagaland.htm Shri. Shyamal Datta assumes Office as the new Governor of Nagaland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721191356/http://www.indlii.org/ContentPages/Governer%20of%20Nagaland.htm |date=21 July 2011 }} www.indlii.org</ref>
*He offered dedicatory prayer at the inauguration of the Multi Purpose Sports Complex at Indira Gandhi Stadium, Kohima, on 1 August 2007, where [[Union Minister]] for [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]], [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]], was the Chief Guest.

== Other community activities ==
*He was twice [[Chairman]] of Kohima Baptist Pastors' Fellowship (KBPF)<ref name=condolences>[http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwMDc3MDA%3D-v74fVRPV0E0%3D Condolences for late Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü]</ref><ref>[http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2002/11/24/two-day-joint-workshops-begin-today the two-day joint workshop between the Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America (BPFNA) and the Naga Peoples Movement for Human Rights (NPMHR), from 25-26 November 2002, at Japfü Hotel, Kohima] the Kohima Town Baptist Pastors Fellowship (KTBPF) holding a special service with the BPFNA delegates at the Rivenberg’s Memorial Hall, Mission Compound, Kohima, on 24 November 2002 asiantribune.com</ref> in 1982 and from 1995 to 2004. Prompted by the resolution passed on 27 March 1984, by the Kohima Baptist Pastors' Fellowship that [[Indigenous music|Tribal tunes]] and songs could be used in [[Christian worship]], an Indigenous Tribal Music Concert was organized at Kohima College Auditorium under his chairmanship on 8 June 1984, which was wholeheartedly participated by all Naga Tribal Churches in Kohima.
*He was the President of All Nagaland Baptist Pastors' Union (ANBPU) from 1994 till 1999 and President of Kohima Baptist Church Council (KBCC) from 1999 till 2001. One of Üsou's most remarkable achievement is that under his leadership the Kohima Baptist Pastors' Fellowship (KBPF) organized a mass [[Holy Communion]] on [[Easter Sunday]] [[sunrise service]] held at Kohima War Cemetery on 16 April 1995, where believers from different [[Denomination (Christianity)|denominations]] from all over Kohima city, in thousands, took part.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120917115951/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030420/asp/northeast/story_1889800.asp Rev. Neiliezhü, chairman of the Kohima Town Pastors' Fellowship (KBPF), speaks to "The Telegraph"] Naga eves hum equality tune on Easter</ref>
*He [[baptized]] and served the Holy Communion to the Naga Vigil Prisoner of Conscience, David P. Ward, a [[British citizen]], on 12 March 1993, in Kohima District Jail.<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,CHRON,IND,,469f38981e,0.html 11/3/1993 India releases David Ward and Stephen Hillman, British Naga-Vigil members] The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR): "Chronology for Nagas in India" published in 2004</ref><ref>[http://www.nagalim.nl/news/00000699.htm Naga Vigil]</ref>
*He was the [[Convenor]] of the historic Naga Shisha Hoho Assembly where 120,000 [[Naga people|Nagas]] congregated from 25 to 27 February 1994, and pledged to pray for peace and unity amongst the people.<ref>[http://www.morungexpress.com/regional/44376.html Shisha Hoho prayer support & vision for the Naga people]</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dos83RW6W3cJ:www.safhr.org/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_view%26gid%3D750%26Itemid%3D647+naga+shisha+ho+ho&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjzzP3uWLvqvfnPQ6ROGX2M5N5FLS2TBSQRUHzandhwm7ShKNn86M-eXVkBnNPNzU2rClWdpzijFsl0YaFM1NYxE9sCiRFuiWCSFK0qWoTuYc6_VtgIUjxAZm1mspqnAx8IB6OD&sig=AHIEtbTTExFqD2RTS8HOAbdg8oZ2lsiK2w Naga Shisha Hoho's role in bringing peace to Nagaland] Chronology of Naga Movement</ref><ref>[http://www.nagalim.nl/news/archive-082005.html Nagas pledge for unification] Nagalim News</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Neiliezhü Üsou was awarded the prestigious [[Glory of India Award]] (also called Bharat Jyoti Award) on 21 December 2000; International Gold Star Millennium Award and the Jawaharlal Nehru Excellence Award for enriching human life and outstanding attainments on 2 March 2001, by the [[India International Friendship Society]] (IIFS) at [[New Delhi]].

He was conferred [[Doctorate in Divinity]] (D.D)<ref>[http://www.iicmweb.org/hondd.htm List of people awarded Honorary Degrees at IICM website]</ref> by the International Institute of Church Management (IICM)<ref>[http://www.iicmindia.org/ IICM India]</ref> on 24 August 2002, at [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College|Gurukul Theological College]], [[Chennai]].

== Works ==
Üsou researched [[Naga people|Naga]] indigenous music from 1981 to 1984 and published a booklet and also produced an [[audio cassette]] in 1985 with an aim to bring the Naga tribes closer through spiritual unity.<ref name=death>{{Cite web |url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20090131/1165868.html |title=Rev. Dr. N. Üsou passes away |access-date=12 March 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712221705/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20090131/1165868.html |archive-date=12 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also produced his own audio cassette of [[Christmas songs]].

He compiled a number of song books which are widely used in [[School assembly|school assemblies]] and [[revival meeting]]s. His book ''Elementary Music'' is used in Nagaland Schools as an externally assessed subject approved by Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE).<ref>[http://www.nbsenagaland.com/documents/Syllabus/Class%209&10_2008%20Syllabus.pdf "Elementary Music" by Rev. Dr. Neiliezhu Usou in NBSE syllabus] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160934/http://www.nbsenagaland.com/documents/Syllabus/Class%209%2610_2008%20Syllabus.pdf |date=14 July 2011 }} pdf</ref> He also wrote a book on ''Naga Music, Naga Identity''<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=168082266537650 Books and Authors: Nagaland]</ref> which was published in 2007.

== Later years ==
He fell sick in the first part of 2006 and was admitted to [[Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (India)|Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi]] in the month of August and underwent major surgery. The Chief Minister of Nagaland, Neiphiu Rio, and many other [[Minister (government)|dignitaries]] and well-wishers visited him at the hospital. He was admitted to [[Apollo Hospitals India|Apollo Hospital, New Delhi]] for follow-up treatment.

Under his chairmanship his native village Nerhema Baptist Church successfully celebrated [[Centenary|100 years]] of [[Christianity]] from 15 to 17 December 2006. In July 2007, Üsou launched the Naga Global Mission (NGM). The most significant achievement of this [[Mission (Christianity)|Mission]] is having supported two missionaries in China. Soon after, he visited the United States during August 2007 on the invitation by Mt. Gilead Church, [[Indianapolis]] and gave sermons in different churches in Indianapolis, [[Kentucky]], [[Michigan]] and [[Ohio]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

His family band Üsou's Instrumental Praise gave a music concert at the State Academy Hall, Kohima on 25 October 2007, under the theme "Transcend" which was attended by the State Chief Minister, his [[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet colleagues]] and many well-wishers. Üsou's performance in this concert is seen as his last public performance.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

=== Declining health and death ===
His health deteriorated and he was once again rushed to Apollo Hospital, New Delhi and in the month of November 2007, he was shifted to [[Tata Memorial Hospital]] in [[Mumbai]] for further treatment. For the first time in his entire ministry he was compelled to spend the festive season of [[Christmas]] far away from his family and Church. It was during this very critical period that the [[Nagaland Baptist Church Council]] (NBCC) General Secretary, Rev. Zhabu Terhüja, wrote an appeal to all the Nagaland Churches to pray for his health. Prayers of the believers were answered and he came back home stronger and was able to continue serving the Lord by being one of the main speakers during the crucial Naga Peace Convention<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nagalimonline.tangkhul.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1138 |title=Rev. Dr. N. Üsou at the Naga Peace Convention 2008 |access-date=12 March 2011 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716191852/http://nagalimonline.tangkhul.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1138 |url-status=dead }}</ref> held from 22 to 24 February 2008, at [[Dimapur]].

Üsou died on 30 January 2009, at Naga Hospital, Kohima.<ref name=death/><ref>[http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5910%3Arev-neiliezhue-uesou-passes-away&Itemid=82 Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou passes away]</ref> His remains were kept for two days in his residence enabling thousands of mourners to pay their respects. His funeral service took place at 2:00 PM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] on Sunday, 1 February 2009, in his Church (MHBC) and was attended by thousands. His death was mourned by the then Governor of Nagaland, [[K. Sankaranarayanan]], the then [[Governor of Maharashtra]], [[S.C. Jamir]], Naga Hoho, different organizations and Churches in Nagaland and the United States.<ref name=condolences/><ref>[http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5981:rev-usous-death-mourned- Rev. Dr. N. Üsou's death mourned]</ref> Speakers at the Funeral included the Chief Minister of Nagaland;<ref>[http://cmnagaland.com/speech%20.php?start=36&limit=12&letter=7 Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio's speech at the funeral service of Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou at Ministers’ Hill Baptist Church, Kohima, 02/01/2009]{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} "He had great concern for bringing peace and harmony in our land through Christian healing and forgiveness. Despite going through the most difficult times he never lost hope and he showed tremendous courage in the face of adversity..."- the official website of the Nagaland Chief Minister</ref> representatives from various government and civil societies.<ref>[http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwMDc3NDQ%3D-msoqABK1s5A%3D Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou laid to rest] Late Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou, who died on 30 January at the Naga Hospital Kohima, was laid to rest at the family residence premises Kohima after the funeral service held at the Ministers' Hill Baptist Church, Kohima, Sunday afternoon: Nagaland Post</ref>

== Legacy ==

=== Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou Memorial Award for Music ===
{{Main|Neiliezhü Üsou Memorial Award for Music}}

For his contribution to the growth of music in Nagaland, an award in Music was instituted and approved by the Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE).<ref>[http://nlsic.gov.in/chapter/nbse.htm Awards for HSLC and HSSLC rank holders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823082514/http://nlsic.gov.in/chapter/nbse.htm |date=23 August 2011 }} Disclosures Under Sec 4 of Right to Information Act 2005: Nagaland Board of School Education 02-07-2010</ref> The first awarding of Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou Memorial Award for Music to the highest scorer in Music in [[High School Leaving Certificate (India)|High School Leaving Certificate]] (HSLC) examination in Nagaland was held on 6 June 2009, at the Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou Memorial Hall. [[Shürhozelie Liezietsu]], Minister for [[Education in India|Higher and Technical Education]] and [[Urban Development]], Nagaland presented the award as the Chief Guest of the auspicious occasion. This award is given annually and carries a citation, memento and cash money of {{Indian Rupee}} 25,000.<ref>[http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11106%3Amusic-restores-order-dr-shuerhozelie&Itemid=82 Sesino Savino awarded "Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou Memorial Award for Music" 2009] Eastern Mirror</ref>

=== Anniversary of death ===
His first [[memorial service]] entitled "A Tribute: A life time of memories through Music and Testimonial" was held on 30 January 2010, at Ministers' Hill Baptist Church (MHBC) and was attended by family, church leaders, members, friends and well-wishers.<ref>[http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20062%3Aa-musical-tribute-for-late-rev-neiliezhue&Itemid=82 "A tribute": first Death Anniversary of Late Rev. Dr. N. Üsou]</ref>

=== Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Usou Memorial School (RDNUMS) ===
A school was established and inaugurated on 27 July 2013, by the Chief Minister of Nagaland.<ref>[http://www.nagalandpost.com/ChannelNews/State/StateNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDA0MjA5Mw%3D%3D Rio pays tribute to late Rev. Dr. Usou’s legacy: Nagaland Post 28/07/2013 ]</ref> The school follows a structured, play based curriculum.

==See also==
*[[Christianity in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Neiliezhü Üsou}}
* [http://www.morungexpress.com/faith_leaf/12949.html Obituary of Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Usou, Neiliezhu}}
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:People from Kohima]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Baptists]]
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Indian Christian religious leaders]]
[[Category:Baptist theologians]]
[[Category:20th-century Baptist ministers]]
[[Category:21st-century Baptist ministers]]

Alipurduar Municipality

2026-02-04T19:41:46Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding first biography basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Alipurduar Municipality
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res = 300px
| coa_alt = Logo of Alipurduar Municipality
| coa_caption = Coat of Arms
| house_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipality]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1957}}
| disbanded =
| preceded_by =
| succeeded_by =
| leader1_type = Chairman
| leader1 = Prasenjit Kar
| party1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| leader2_type = Vice Chairman
| leader2 = Mampi Adhikary
| party2 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| seats = 20
| structure1 = File:India Alipurduar, West Bengal Municipality 2022.svg
| structure1_res = 250px
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (16)'''
*{{color box|#20C646}} [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (16)
'''Opposition (4)'''
*{{color box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (3)
*{{color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1)
| session_room =
| session_res = 300px
| meeting_place =
| last_election1 = 2022
| next_election1 = 2027
| motto =
| website = {{URL|https://www.alipurduarmunicipality.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Alipurduar Municipality''' is the civic body that governs [[Alipurduar]] city in [[Alipurduar subdivision]] of [[Alipurduar district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==History==
Alipurduar municipality was established on 7 February 1957.<ref name="Alipurduar">{{cite web | url = https://www.alipurduarmunicipality.in/about | title = About Alipurduar Municipality | work = Alipurduar Municipality | access-date = 9 January 2026}}</ref>

==Geography==
Alipurduar Municipality covers an area of 8.98 km2 and has a total population of 65,232 (2011).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801642-alipurduar-west-bengal.html | title = Alipurduar Municipality Demographics| publisher = Census2011 | access-date = 9 January 2026}}</ref>

==Current members==
Alipurduar Municipality has a total of 20 members or councillors, who are directly elected after a term of 5 years. The council is led by the chairperson. The latest elections were held on [[2022 West Bengal local elections|12 February 2022]]. The current chairman of Alipurduar Municipality is Prasenjit Kar of the [[Trinamool Congress]]. The current vice chairman is Mampi Adhikary of the [[Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portal.wbme.org/|title=2022 WB local election results|work=SEC West Bengal|accessdate=29 August 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=5|Chairman: Prasenjit Kar
|-
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=5|Vice Chairman: Mampi Adhikary
|-
! Ward No.
! Name of Councillor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://alipurduarmunicipality.in/councellors|title=List of Councillors of Alipurduar Municipality|work=Alipurduar Municipality|accessdate=9 January 2026}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party
! Remarks
|-
| 1 || Prasenjit Kar || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
| 2 || Srila Dutta || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|-
| 3 || Mausumi Bagchi || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
| 4 || Susmita Raha
|
|-
| 5 || Debkanta Barua
|
|-
| 6 || Gargi Talukder || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|-
| 7 || Partha Pratim Ghosh || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
| 8 || Mitali Majumder
|
|-
| 9 || Dipak Sarkar
|
|-
| 10 || Jhuma Mitra || {{Party name with color|Independent}}
|
|-
| 11 || Partha Sarkar || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=9}}
|
|-
| 12 || Dipta Chatterjee
|
|-
| 13 || Anand Kumar Jaiswal
|
|-
| 14 || Madhabi Dey Sarkar
|
|-
| 15 || Partha Pratim Mandal
|
|-
| 16 || Dibakar Pal
|
|-
| 17 || Mampi Adhikary
|
|-
| 18 || Arupa Ray
|
|-
| 19 || Madan Ghosh
|
|-
| 20 || Shantanu Debnath || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|}

==Elections==
===2022===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|+| Alipurduar Municipality
|-
! colspan="2" |Party!! Won !! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}} || 16 ||
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 1 ||
|-
| {{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=Independents}} || 3 ||
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Total'''|| '''20''' ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|West Bengal}}

[[Category:Municipalities of West Bengal]]

Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega

2026-02-02T14:25:33Z

TeganJ7136381: starting some data and citations

{{Short description|Indian web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Action film|Action]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = {{plainlist|
* Prince Dhiman
* Alok Batra
}}
| creative_director =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Suniel Shetty]]
* [[Esha Deol]]
* [[Barkha Bisht]]
* [[Rahul Dev]]
* [[Karanvir Sharma]]
* Teena Singh}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 14
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = {{plainlist|
* Akshay Valsangkar
* Aashish Mehra
* Anurodh Gusan
}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Vikram Mehra
* Siddharth Anand Kumar
* Sahil Sharma
}}
| cinematography = Jesil Patel,
Vivek Patne
| editor =
| runtime = 25-27 minutes
| company = [[Saregama]] [[Yoodlee Films]]
| network = [[Amazon miniTV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|03|22}}
| last_aired =
}}
'''''Hunter: Tootega Nahi Todega''''' is an Indian-Hindi language [[web series]] created and directed by Prince Dhiman and Alok Batra, and produced under [[Saregama]] and [[Yoodlee Films]]. The series stars [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Esha Deol]], [[Barkha Bisht]], [[Karanvir Sharma]], and [[Rahul Dev]]. It is streaming on Amazon Mini TV.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/suniel-shetty-on-hunter-tootega-nahi-todega-action-as-a-genre-is-something-i-have-always-been-passionate-about-12270862.html | title=Suniel Shetty on HUNTER Tootega Nahi Todega: 'Action as a genre is something I have always been passionate about' | date=10 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/hunter-tootega-nahi-todega-suniel-shetty-journies-into-mumbais-crime-world-to-find-a-missing-woman-in-new-action-thriller/articleshow/98541361.cms | title=HUNTER - Tootega Nahi Todega: Suniel Shetty journies into Mumbai's crime world to find a missing woman in new action thriller | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/exclusive-esha-deol-takhtani-shares-it-brings-me-immense-pleasure-to-be-doing-action-alongside-suniel-shetty-in-hunter-tootega-nahi-todega | title=EXCLUSIVE: Esha Deol Takhtani shares, 'It brings me immense pleasure to be doing action alongside Suniel Shetty in Hunter - Tootega Nahi, Todega' }}</ref>

== Premise ==
[[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Vikram Chauhan, a cop with a tragic past, is accused of an aged woman Leena Thomas's death, where he sets out to prove his innocence with the help of Divya.

==Cast==
* [[Suniel Shetty]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Vikram Sinha
* [[Esha Deol]] as Divya
* [[Barkha Bisht]] as Swati
* [[Rahul Dev]] as inspector Hooda Kartoos
* [[Karanvir Sharma]] as Inspector Sajid Shaikh
* [[Pawan Chopra]]
* Manish Dallvi as Police Constable
* Smita Jayakar
* Mihir Ahuja
* Siddharth Kher
* Rahul Sahu
* Harssh A Singh
* Enakshi Ganguly
* Teena Singh
* [[Jackie Shroff]] in a cameo appearance

==Production==
The series was announced by [[Saregama]] on ''Amazon miniTV'' consisting of eight episodes.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/suniel-shettys-amazon-mini-tv-thriller-series-hunter-tootega-nahi-todega-to-stream-from-march-22/articleshow/98544579.cms | title=Suniel Shetty's Amazon mini TV thriller series 'Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega' to stream from March 22 | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=10 March 2023 }}</ref> [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Esha Deol]], [[Barkha Bisht Sengupta]], [[Karanvir Sharma]], and [[Rahul Dev]] were cast to appear in the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/mid-day-shorts-detail/suniel-shetty-to-play-a-cop-in-hunter-tootega-nahi-todega-?id=23274597&category=entertainment&epoch=1678463340 | title=Entertainment Visual Stories, Web Stories }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/esha-deol-on-her-upcoming-series-hunter-489416|title=Esha Deol on her upcoming series Hunter : The Tribune India}}</ref>

The trailer of the series was released in March 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/hunter-trailer-out-suniel-shetty-in-his-hottest-best-promises-an-edge-of-the-seat-thriller-2346485-2023-03-14 | title=Hunter trailer out. Suniel Shetty, in his hottest best, promises an edge-of-the-seat thriller | date=14 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/hunter-teaser-suniel-shettys-acp-vikram-goes-rogue-to-find-a-missing-woman-8489542/ | title=Hunter teaser: Suniel Shetty's ACP Vikram goes rogue to find a missing woman | date=10 March 2023 }}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Daiyya Daiyya
| length1 = 3:16
| lyrics1 = Siddhant Kaushal
| music1 = Haroon-Gavin
| extra1 = [[Neha Kakkar]]
}}

== Reception ==
[[Deepa Gahlot]] for ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "The show is slick -- that much can be expected these days -- with a lot of bloodshed but mercifully, not too much vulgar swearing."<ref>{{cite news |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |author-link=Deepa Gahlot |title=Hunter Tootega Nahi, Todega Review: Unpredictable! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/hunter-tootega-nahi-todega-review/20230322.htm |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=22 March 2023 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "What works in show's favour are the well-choreographed action sequences, which allow the slomos to feel how hard he is beating the sh*t out of people. Suniel Shetty is simply unbeatable at beating people and performing action stunts."<ref>{{cite news |last=Khurana |first=Archika |title=Hunter: Tootega Nahi, Todega Season 1 Review : Suniel Shetty steals the show in this mediocre drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/hunter-tootega-nahi-todega/season-1/seasonreview/98633365.cms |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 March 2023}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

Roktim Rajpal of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote "Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega features remixed versions of popular Bollywood chartbusters."<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |title=Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega Review: Suniel Shetty shines in this mediocre action series |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/hunter-tootega-nahi-todega-review-amazon-minitv-suniel-shetty-2350014-2023-03-22 |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |date=22 March 2023 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian action television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:2020s police procedural television series]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]

Saido Bholana

2026-01-27T18:24:06Z

TeganJ7136381: added info

{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saido Bholana
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.307559|N|75.336845|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 5,103
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 2751/2352[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 144602
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 01822
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#PB.E2.80.94Punjab|PB]]-09
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-PB]]
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| website = {{URL|kapurthala.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Saido Bholana''' is a village in [[Kapurthala district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> It is located {{convert|9|km}} from [[Kapurthala]], which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Saido Bholana. The village is administrated by a [[Sarpanch]] who is an [[elected representative]].

== Transport ==
Kapurthala Railway Station, Rail Coach Fact Railway Station are nearby railway stations. Jalandhar City Railway Station is 23 km away from the village. The village is 73 km away from [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] in [[Amritsar]]. Another nearby airport is [[Sahnewal Airport]] in [[Ludhiana]] which is located 77 km away from the village.

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
* [https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Listofvillagesandtowns.aspx Villages in Kapurthala]
* [https://www.punjabdata.com/Villages/Villages-In-Kapurthala-Tehsil-In-Kapurthala-District.html Kapurthala Villages List]

{{Kapurthala district |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Villages in Kapurthala district]]

{{KapurthalaTehsil-geo-stub}}

Lal Bal Pal

2026-01-23T17:25:14Z

TeganJ7136381: slightly refined article per standard format also and updated info per standard format

{{short description|Triumvirate of Indian anti-colonial nationalists}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
[[File:Lal Bal Pal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Lala Lajpat Rai]] of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] of [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]], and [[Bipin Chandra Pal]] of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], the triumvirate were popularly known as Lal Bal Pal, changed the political discourse of the [[Indian independence movement]].]]
'''Lal Bal Pal''' ([[Lala Lajpat Rai]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], and [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]) were a [[triumvirate]] of [[Indian independence movement|anti-colonial nationalists]] in [[British Raj|British India]] in the early 20th century, from 1906 to 1918.{{cn|date=August 2021}} They advocated the [[Swadeshi movement]] involving the boycott of all imported items and the use of Indian-made goods in 1907 during the anti-Partition agitation in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] which began in 1905. They were also known as the "Radicals of The Indian Independence Movement". {{cn|date=August 2021}}

The final years of the nineteenth century saw a radical sensibility emerge among some Indian intellectuals. This position burst onto the national all-India scene in 1905 with the [[Swadeshi movement]] - the term is usually rendered as "self reliance" or "self sufficiency".<ref name= Erez>Erez Manela, The Wilsonian moment: self-determination and the international origins of anticolonial nationalism, Published by Oxford University Press US, 2007, {{ISBN|0-19-517615-4}}, {{ISBN|978-0-19-517615-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/portal/LIWPL/event_archive/Events_Archives/116Lala_Lajpat_Rai.pdf |title=Death anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai |publisher=Government of Orissa |access-date=13 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rrtd.gov.in/biolalalajpat.html |title=Lala Lajpat Rai |publisher=[[Government of India]] |access-date=13 October 2011 |archive-date=25 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425062907/http://rrtd.gov.in/biolalalajpat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Ashalatha A. |author2=Pradeep Koropath |author3=Saritha Nambarathil |title=Social Science: Standard VIII Part 1 |chapter=Chapter 6 - Indian National Movement |publisher=State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) - Government of Kerala • Department of Education |year=2009 |pages=72 |url=https://www.itschool.gov.in/pdf/Std_VIII/Social%20Science/SS_VIII_Engpart1.pdf |access-date=13 October 2011}}</ref>

Lal Bal Pal mobilised Indians across the country against the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Bengal partition]], and the demonstrations, strikes, and boycotts of British goods that began in Bengal soon spread to other regions, in a broader protest against the Raj.{{cn|date=August 2021}}

The nationalist movement gradually faded with the arrest of its main leader [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], and retirement of [[Bipin Chandra Pal]] and [[Aurobindo Ghosh]] from active politics.<ref name= Erez/> While [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] suffered from injuries, due to [[Superintendent (police)|police superintendent]] James A. Scott's decision to order the policemen under his command to [[Lathi charge|''lathi'' (baton) charge]] a crowd Rai was in and personally assaulted [[Lala Lajpat Rai|Rai]]; he died on 17 November 1928 due to the injuries sustained in lathi charge.<ref name="rai">{{cite book |last=Rai |first=Raghunath |year=2006 |title=History For Class 12: Cbse. India |publisher=VK Publications |isbn=978-81-87139-69-0 |page=187}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian independence movement in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Memorials to Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]
[[Category:Memorials to Lala Lajpat Rai]]

Kalawade

2026-01-23T06:44:49Z

TeganJ7136381: update information to improve readability and fixed typos

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
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'''Kalawade''' (or Kalvade), is a village in [[Maharashtra]], India.

== Geography ==
It is 251.09 km away from the state capital, [[Mumbai]],

Nearby villages and towns include Patan Taluka towards the west, Kadegaon Taluka towards the East, and Shirala Taluka and Valva-Islampur Taluka to the South. Nearby cities include [[Karad]], [[Uran Islampur|Islampur]] and [[Mahulia|Mahuli]].

The locals are predominantly [[Hindus|Hindu]], with three [[Hindu temple|temples]] in the village itself, and at least four more in the surrounding area. The Pratibhanagar School is nearby. According to [[2011 Census of India|Census]] data, Kalawade has a slightly higher literacy rate than the state's average, 83.46% compared to 82.34% of Maharashtra, literacy rates were higher with males than females. Most people work on farms, whilst a smaller percentage engage in local business.

== Chilaai Devi Temple ==

Chilaai Devi [[Hindu temple|Mandir]] is the most visited of several [[Hindu temple]]s in the area. It features a venerated portrait of a celebrated figure in Hinduism, and an old well.

It dates to [[Medieval India|India's medieval period]] (750-1250 AD),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-hindu-temples-1770625|title=Complete History of Hindu Temples|last=writer|first=Subhamoy Das|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> or earlier.

It serves as a center for worship, and hosts the traditional premarital rituals (known as s''odane''), along with the weddings.

== Demographics ==
The most commonly spoken language in Kalawade is [[Marathi language|Marathi]].

The village has a population of 4,658 people in 947 households. Population of children with age 0-6 is 498, 10.69% of the total. The average [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] is 990, higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. [[Child sex ratio in India|Child sex ratio]] is 879, lower than Maharashtra average of 894.

== Transport ==

=== Road ===
It is an 11.2 km drive from the nearby town of Undale via the Patil Mala road, or a 3.7 km drive south from the town of Kale along the same road. The Patil Mala road cuts through the village. The road branches 2.5 km south to the town of Belwade Budruk. The village is directly connected to India's [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]] by an unnamed road 2.91 km east of the village.

=== Rail ===
As of February 2019, no railways serve the area: the nearest line is about 14.7 km away, where it parallels [[National Highway 75 (India)|National Highway 75]]. The nearest station is in the village of Shenoli.

=== Air ===
Kalawade is 67.5 km North of [[Kolhapur Airport]]. It is semi-directly connected to [[Kolhapur|Kolhapur city]] via [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]].

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in Satara district]]

Sarah Tucker College

2026-01-22T21:14:33Z

TeganJ7136381: adjusted structure and cleaned formatting based on references

{{Short description|Institution in Palayamkottai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Sarah Tucker College
| native_name =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto = "So Run that ye may obtain the Incorruptible Crown"
| mottoeng =
| established = {{Start date and age|1895}}
| type =
| affiliation = [[Manonmaniam Sundaranar University]]
| rector =
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| vice_chancellor =
| principal = Dr.S.Felicia Gladys Sathiadevi
| dean =
| director =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students = 3300
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Palayamkottai]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{coord|8.698733|77.740744|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Rural area|Rural]]
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| athletics =
| colours =
| sports =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| affiliations =
| website = [https://sarahtuckercollege.edu.in/ sarahtuckercollege.edu.in]
| image_name = Sarah Tucker College emblem.png
| colors = |
| founder = Sarah Tucker
}}
The '''Sarah Tucker College''' is an institution in [[Palayamkottai]], a town in [[Tirunelveli District]] in the southern state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About MSU |url=https://www.msuniv.ac.in/msuniv_history.php |website=Manonmaniam Sundaranar University |access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sarah Tucker College |url=https://tamilnaducolleges.org/arts-and-science-colleges-in-tirunelveli-district/sarah-tucker-college/1680?type=arts-and-science-colleges-in-tirunelveli&college_name=sarah-tucker-college&sel_num=1680 |website=Tamil Nadu Colleges |access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref> It is the first college for women in south India, owing its origin to Sarah Tucker of England and her friends, who raised money for the founding of a small school for training teachers for elementary schools in [[Tirunelveli District]]. After this the Sarah Tucker High School was started, which was raised to a college in 1895.

==History==
Sarah Tucker College was established in 1895, as the first college for women in south India. It is named after [[Sarah Tucker (philanthropist)|Sarah Tucker]], a physically challenged woman confined to her room in England. She was moved by the reports of the appalling condition of the women in this region due to their illiteracy and stepped in to provide education for them. The institution began with four students as a second grade college under the [[University of Madras]]. It was upgraded to first grade college in 1939 and came under the newly formed [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] in 1966.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sarahtuckercollege.edu.in/history|title = Sarah Tucker College - First Women's College in South India - Since 1895}}</ref>

==Academic programmes==
The college offers undergraduate programmes, postgraduate, doctoral programmes in the arts and science stream. The college, functioning under the Tirunelveli Diocesan Association (TDTA), is now an autonomous institution under the [[Manonmaniam Sundaranar University]] since 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cuac.anglicancommunion.org/members/institutions/india/sarah-tucker-college,-palyamkottai,-tamil-nadu-(india).aspx|title = Sarah Tucker College, Palyamkottai, Tamil Nadu (India)}}</ref> The college has been accredited with 'A' Grade [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/education/sarah-tucker-college-autonomous/dg30|title=SARAH TUCKER COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) | Outlook Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sarahtuckercollege.edu.in/naac-certificates|title=Sarah Tucker College - First Women's College in South India - Since 1895}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://sarahtuckercollege.edu.in/ Official Website]

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Christian universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Women's universities and colleges in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Education in Tirunelveli district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1895]]
[[Category:1895 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Tirunelveli district]]
[[Category:Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras]]

List of Odia films of 1985

2026-01-19T17:11:46Z

TeganJ7136381:

{{Short description|None}}
{{Ollywood films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 1985:

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
| {{Year header}} | '''[[1985 in film|1985]]'''
|-
|''[[Babula]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Babula|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411644/|access-date=2019-02-06}} {{unreliable?|date=September 2022}}</ref>|| [[Sadhu Meher]] ||Sarat Pujari || ||
|-
|''[[Banaphul (film)|Banaphul]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/banaphul-1985-oriya-movie|title=Banaphul (1985)|last=FilmiClub|website=FilmiClub|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>||[[Ghanshyam Mahapatra]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Chaka Bhaunri]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Chaka Bhaunri|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1422623/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| Mohammed Mohsin ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty || ||
|-
|''[[Gruhalakshmi (1985 film)|Gruhalakshmi]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Grihalakshmi|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0261721/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> || [[C.S. Rao]] ||Sriram Panda, Maheswata Roy || ||
|-
|''[[Hakim Babu]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Hakim Babu|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0309652/|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref>||[[Pranaba Das]] ||[[Ajit Das]], [[Dolly Jena]], Jaya Swami, Bijay Mohanty || ||
|-
|''[[Heera Nila]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Hira Nila|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1404040/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| ||[[Bijaya Jena]] || ||
|-
|''[[Jaga Hatare Pagha (1985 film)|Jaga Hatare Pagha]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Jaga Hatare Pagha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411713/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Mohammed Mohsin (director)|Mohammed Mohsin]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty, [[Bijay Mohanty]] || ||
|-
|''[[Klanta Aparahna]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Klanta Aparanha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235519/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> || [[Man Mohan Mahapatra]] ||[[Sachidananda Ratha]], [[Kanaka Panigrahi]], [[Kishori Devi]] || ||
|-
|''[[Manini (1985 film)|Manini]]''||[[Ravi Kinnagi]]||[[Sriram Panda]], [[Talluri Rameshwari]], [[Debu Bose]], [[Jairam Samal]]|| ||
|-
|''[[Mamata Mage Mula]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Mamata Mage Mula|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1422694/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Amiya Patnaik]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty, [[Bijay Mohanty]] || ||
|-
|''Nala Damayanti'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Nala Damayanti|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1422706/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Bibhuti Bhushan Misra]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Palatak (1985 film)|Palatak]]'' || [[Prafulla Rath]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Para Jhia Ghara Bhangena]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Para Jhia Ghara Bhangena|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1422718/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Ramesh Mohanty]] ||[[Shrabani Ray]] || ||
|-
|''[[Pooja Phula]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Pooja Phula|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1423977/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[J. H.Sattar]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty || ||
|-
|''[[Sahari Bagha (1985 film)|Sahari Bagha]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Sahari Bagha|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1418249/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Mahamad Mahsin]] ||[[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty,Bijay mohanty || ||
|-
|''[[Sanskara (film)|Sanskara]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sanskara|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1418252/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> || [[Uday Shankar Das]] || || ||
|-
|''[[Sapana Banika]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Sapana Banika|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1399087/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[P.D. Shenay]] ||[[Shriram Panda]], [[Dipti Nath]] || ||
|-
|''[[Sata Kebe Luchi Rahena]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Sata Kebe Luchi Rahena|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411779/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Ramesh Mohanty]] ||Uttam Mohanty, Aparajita, Tandra Roy|| ||
|-
|''[[School Master (1985 film)|School Master]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=School Master|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411780/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Gobind Tej]] ||[[Gobind Tej]], [[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty || ||
|-
|''[[Sesha Pratikshya]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sesha Pratikshya|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1427290/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> || [[Pranab Das]] || [[Gloria Mohanty|Gloria Mahanty]], Aparajita Mohanty, Radha Panda || ||
|-
|''[[Shankha Sindura]]'' <ref>{{Citation|title=Sankha Sindura|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411777/|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref>|| [[Bijay Bhaskar]] ||[[Shriram Panda]], [[Uttam Mohanty]], Aparajita Mohanty || ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{1985 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|1985]]
[[Category:Lists of 1985 films by language|Ollywood]]
[[Category:1985 in Indian cinema|Films, Ollywood]]
[[Category:1980s in Orissa]]

Asalat Khan

2026-01-03T16:42:46Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding initial info and citations

{{Short description|17th-century Mughal Empire noble}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| monarch = [[Shah Jahan]]
| office = [[Mir Bakhshi|Mir Bakhshi of the Mughal Empire]]
| term_start = 1644
| term_end = 1647
| office1 = [[Subahdar]] of [[Delhi Subah|Delhi]]
| battles = [[Siege of Parenda (1634)|Siege of Parenda]] [[Battle of Shibarghan (1646)]]
| name = Asalat Khan
| monarch1 = Shah Jahan
| successor =
| predecessor1 =
| predecessor =
| successor1 =
| death_date = 1647
| children = [[Iftikhar Khan (governor)|Iftikhar Khan]] (son) Multafat Khan (son)
| parents = Mir Miran Yazdi (father)
| birth_name = Mir Abdul Hadi
| image = Portrait of Asalat Khan.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Asalat Khan {{circa|1645}}, [[Smithsonian Institution]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Glynn |first=Catherine |date=2000 |title=A Rājasthānī Princely Album: Rājput Patronage of Mughal-Style Painting |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3249919 |journal=Artibus Asiae |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=239–257 |doi=10.2307/3249919 |jstor=3249919 |issn=0004-3648|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| image_size = 180px
| relations = Khalilullah Khan (brother)
}}
'''Mir Abdul Hadi''' (died 1647), known by the title '''Asalat Khan''', was a noble and general of the [[Mughal Empire]] during the reign of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]]. He briefly served as the empire's ''[[mir bakhshi]]'' (paymaster-general), one of the highest positions in the empire's administration. He played key roles in leading [[Shah Jahan's Central Asian campaign]].

== Origins ==
Mir Abdul Hadi was the son of Mir Miran Yazdi, a Persian nobleman with origins in [[Yazd]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Koch |first1=Ebba |title=The complete Taj Mahal: and the riverfront gardens of Agra |last2=Barraud |first2=Richard André |date=2006 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-28984-6 |edition= |location=London |pages=31, 32, 61, 64}}</ref> Mir Abdul had a younger brother named Khalilullah Khan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Maulvi Zafar |url=https://archive.org/details/maluvi-zafar-hasan-monuments-of-delhi/page/260/mode/2up |title=Monuments of Delhi. 2: Delhi Zail |date=1997 |publisher=Aryan Books International |isbn=978-81-7305-112-8 |editor-last=Page |editor-first=J. A |edition=1. Repr. with new introd. and photogr |location=New Delhi |pages=200}}</ref> Mir Miran fled Persia in 1607 for fear of persecution, finding refuge in Mughal India, but left his son behind. In 1612, a Mughal nobleman named Khan Alam travelled to Persia as an ambassador on behalf of emperor [[Jahangir]]; the emperor requested Persia's ruler [[Shah Abbas I]] that the ambassador bring Mir Abdul Hadi and his brother back to India.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Mir Abdul Hadi accompanied Khan Alam to India in 1618.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=O’Brien |first=Janet |date=2024-12-19 |title=Invader Enthroned: The Indian Portraits of Nadir Shah and Their Local and British Collectors |url=https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/ars/article/id/7032/#fig06 |journal=Ars Orientalis |volume=54 |doi=10.3998/ars.7032 |issn=2328-1286|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Career ==
Mir Abdul Hadi entered Mughal service towards the end of Jahangir's reign. He received the title of "Asalat Khan" from the next Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, in 1630. In 1632 he was made the ''[[Bakhshi (Mughal Empire)|bakhshi]]'' (administrator) of the ''ahadis'' (royal guard). He served in the [[Deccan]], playing a key role in capturing [[Bhalki Fort]]. He then participated in the Mughal [[Siege of Parenda (1634)|siege of Parenda]] around 1633, for which he was rewarded by being appointed ''[[subahdar]]'' (governor) of [[Delhi Subah|Delhi]] and Jaunpur.<ref name=":1" /> During his governorship of Delhi, Asalat Khan built a ''bund'' (dam) at [[Palam]] over a stream. The ''[[Padshahnama]]'' records a hunting retreat of Shah Jahan in 1638, that took place at a park watered by this dam.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parpia |first=Shaha |date=2018-07-03 |title=Hunting ground, agricultural land and the forest: sustainable interdependency in Mughal India 1526–1707 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01433768.2018.1534456 |journal=Landscape History |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=37–38 |doi=10.1080/01433768.2018.1534456 |issn=0143-3768|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Asalat Khan was raised to the position of second ''bakhshi'' (assistant to the ''mir bakhshi)'' in 1639. Between 1641 and 1642, Asalat Khan combated [[Raja Jagat Singh]], as one of the Mughals' three commanders in a campaign against the [[Nurpur kingdom|kingdom of Nurpur]]; the rebellion was subdued.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeratha |first=Aśoka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2oZiyOqReoC&dq=%22asalat+khan%22+%22nurpur%22&pg=PA46 |title=Forts and Palaces of the Western Himalaya |date=2000 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-104-7 |pages=46–49 |language=en}}</ref> In 1644, he was promoted to the post of ''mir bakhshi'', making him the chief of military administration in the Mughal Empire;<ref name=":1" /> he would serve until 1647.<ref name=":0" />

Around this time, Shah Jahan had stabilised the Mughal position in the northwestern frontier of the empire (modern-day Afghanistan) and cast his sights towards Central Asia, aiming to attack the Uzbeks who had threatened the Mughal hold over [[Kabul]] in the past. In October 1645, Shah Jahan instructed Asalat Khan to recruit troops at Kabul, with the intention of using the city as a staging ground for the Central Asian campaigns. He also instructed Asalat Khan to carve an invasion route to [[Badakhshan]] by clearing roads and constructing bridges. Soon after military incursions and reconnaissance had started, Asalat Khan led a sixteen-day expedition over the [[Hindu Kush]], seizing livestock and prisoners as retaliation for local rebellion.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gates |first1=Scott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnkeBQAAQBAJ&dq=asalat+khan+kaushik&pg=PA63 |title=War and State-Building in Afghanistan: Historical and Modern Perspectives |last2=Roy |first2=Kaushik |date=2014-11-20 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4725-7219-6 |pages=63–64 |language=en}}</ref> By July the Mughal army had reached [[Balkh]] and captured it with minimal resistance; however, its ruler Nazr Muhammad attempted to escape with his treasure. Asalat Khan pursued and intercepted him at the vicious [[Battle of Shibarghan (1646)]], which resulted in Mughal victory in July. Shah Jahan subsequently ordered festivities for eight days, and Asalat Khan's rank was raised to 5000. However, Nazr Muhammad was not captured, and he later escaped to [[Isfahan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Mughal warfare: Indian frontiers and highroads to empire, 1500-1700 |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-40258-0 |editor-last=Gommans |editor-first=Jos J. L. |series=Warfare and history |location=London New York |pages=183–184}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation |title="The Battle of Shahbarghan", Folio from a Padshahnama (Chronicle of the Emperor) |date= |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/453276 |access-date=2025-01-22 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref>

Asalat Khan died prematurely in the winter of 1647, while still stationed in Balkh for the ongoing Central Asian campaign, from exposure to cold conditions.<ref name=":0" />

== Personal life ==
Asalat Khan owned a ''[[haveli]]'' (residence) in [[Agra]] along the right bank of the [[Yamuna River]], close to the [[Taj Mahal]] complex; the structure is not fully preserved.<ref name=":0" /> Around 1644, the surgeon [[Gabriel Boughton]] joined the service of Asalat Khan in Agra, after the latter requested the [[East India Company]] in [[Surat]] for a European surgeon. The same surgeon accompanied him to [[Balkh]] during his military deployment.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kochhar |first=Rajesh |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003466406 |title=Science and the British Empire |date=2024-02-20 |publisher=Routledge India |isbn=978-1-003-46640-6 |edition=1 |location=London |language=en |chapter=English Surgeons and Company Trade Concessions |pages=8–14 |doi=10.4324/9781003466406-2}}</ref> Asalat Khan had a son named [[Iftikhar Khan (governor)|Iftikhar Khan]], a Mughal noble who served the position of ''akhtah begi'' (imperial stablemaster) during the reign of [[Aurangzeb]]. He also had a son named Multafat Khan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Meersbergen |first=Guido |date=2019 |title=The Diplomatic Repertoires of the East India Companies in Mughal South Asia, 1608-1717 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26824320 |journal=The Historical Journal |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=890 |jstor=26824320 |issn=0018-246X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=van Meersbergen |first=Guido |title=Practices of diplomacy in the early modern world c.1410-1800 |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-138-65063-3 |editor-last=Sowerby |editor-first=Tracey Amanda |series=Routledge research in early modern history |location=London; New York, NY |pages=147 & 157 |chapter=The Dutch merchant-diplomat in comparative perspective: Embassies to the court of Aurangzeb, 1660-1666 |editor-last2=Hennings |editor-first2=Jan}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Asalat}}
[[Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1647 deaths]]
[[Category:Mughal generals]]
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:17th-century Iranian people]]

Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone

2025-12-23T23:52:58Z

TeganJ7136381: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|Central government economic zone in Visakhapatnam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone
|logo = Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone logo.gif
|type = [[Special economic zone]]
|foundation = 1989
|owner = [[Government of India]]
|location_city = [[Visakhapatnam]]
|location_country = [[India]]
|location = 
|locations = 
|area_served =
|products = Multi-product (Electronic goods, software, pharmaceuticals etc.)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy1-DAAAQBAJ&dq=Visakhapatnam+%22vsez%22&pg=PA64|title=Sourcing in India|author=Guido Nassimbeni, Marco Sartor|page=65|publisher=Springer|year=2008|isbn=978-0230594166}}</ref>
|caption =
|homepage = [http://www.vsez.gov.in/]
}}

'''Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone''' ('''VSEZ'''), also called the [[Andhra Pradesh]] First Economic Zone, is one of the central government [[special economic zone]]s in [[India]]. VSEZ is located in [[Duvvada]], 20 km away from the [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pharmaclub.in/list-pharma-companies-vsez-duvvada/|title=List of pharma companies in VSEZ|author=|website=Pharmaclub|date=9 February 2018|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215060121/https://pharmaclub.in/list-pharma-companies-vsez-duvvada/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
The zone originated in 1989, when it was named VEPZ (Visakhapatnam [[Export Processing Zone]]). It was changed to the Visakapatnam Special Economic Zone on 1 January 2003. The zone consists of an area of 360 acres. The Development Commissioner, the administrative head of the zone, is also the head of all 53 special economic zones in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and the union territory of [[Yanam]]. From these SEZs, seven are multipurpose SEZs, and the remaining are sector specific SEZs.<ref name=revenue />

==Operation==
VSEZ is treated as a foreign territory for trade operations, duties and tariffs. One hundred per cent [[foreign direct investment]] is allowed with permission for full and free repatriation of export proceeds. The turnover of the zone was [[rupee|Rs.]] 4.5 billion in 2004.<ref name=revenue>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/03/04/stories/2005030409470300.htm|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=VSEZ acquiring land for expansion|date=2005-03-04|author=Santosh Patnaik}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Investments increased from Rs. 5.56 billion in 2008-09 to Rs. 12.4 billion in 2012-2013.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g7quDAAAQBAJ&dq=Visakhapatnam+%22vsez%22&pg=PA89|title=Special Economic Zones in India: Status, Issues and Potential|author=Arpita Mukherjee|display-authors=etal|page=89|publisher=Springer|year=2016|isbn=978-8132228066}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Andhra Pradesh Special Economic Zone]]
* [[Economy of Visakhapatnam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Visakhapatnam}}
{{coord|17.708293|N|83.152687|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Industrial parks in India]]
[[Category:Economy of Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Special Economic Zones of India]]

Mohammad Shah Alam

2025-11-08T05:00:38Z

TeganJ7136381: corrected page and updated info

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{for|the legal scholar|Mohammad Shah Alam (academic)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohammad Shah Alam
| office = Former Member of Parliament [[Brahmanbaria-4]] (Kasba-Akhaura)
| term_start = 2008
| term_end = 2014
| predecessor =
| successor = [[Anisul Huq (politician)|Anisul Huq]]
| birth_date = 20 April 1961
| birth_place =
| party = [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
| mainwidth =
}}
'''Mohammad Shah Alam''' (born 20 April 1961) is a politician, lawyer, businessman, and the former Member of Parliament from [[Brahmanbaria-4|Brahmanbaria-4 (Kasba-Akhaura)]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/get-involved/110-mps-category/mps-of-9th-parliament/907-constituency-246|title=Constituency 246|last=|first=|date=|website=Bangladesh Parliament|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>

==Career==
Shah Alam was elected to parliament from [[Brahmanbaria-4|Brahmanbaria-4 (Kasba-Akhaura)]] as a [[Awami League|Bangladesh Awami League]] candidate in 1996, 2001 and 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amardesh.com/EADetailsYear.php?sol=241&Year=2008|title=Electoral Area: 245 (Brahmanbaria-4)|last=|first=|date=|website=Amardesh Online|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229002852/http://votemonitor.net/bangladesh/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=245|archive-date=29 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="votemonitor">{{cite web |url=http://votemonitor.net:80/bangladesh/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=245 |title=Parliament Election Result of 1991, 1996, 2001 Bangladesh Election Information and Statistics |author= |website=Vote Monitor Networks |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229002919/http://votemonitor.net/bangladesh/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=245 |archive-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He served as the Vice-President of [[Brahmanbaria District|Brahmanbaria district]] unit of [[Bangladesh Awami League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven cases lodged under ICT Act for slandering law minister |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/2018/05/02/seven-cases-lodged-ict-act-slandering-law-minister |access-date=30 October 2019 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=2 May 2018}}</ref> He is former chairman of Standing Committee on Ministry of Hill Tracts and member of Standing Committee on Ministry of Railway (since 2008–2014).<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alam, Mohammad Shah}}
[[Category:Awami League politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:7th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:9th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:People from Kasba Upazila]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]

{{Chittagong-AL-politician-stub}}

Kondana rat

2025-10-04T13:49:16Z

TeganJ7136381: starting the page initial version!

{{Short description|Species of rodent}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Dando, T. |author2=Kennerley, R. |date=2019 |title=''Millardia kondana'' |volume=2019 |article-number=e.T13524A22461651 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T13524A22461651.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Millardia
| species = kondana
| authority = Mishra & Dhanda, 1975
| synonyms =
}}

The '''Kondana soft-furred rat''' ('''''Millardia kondana'''''), also known as the '''Kondana rat''' or '''large metad''', is an endangered species of [[rodent]] in the family [[Muridae]].<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /><ref name=MSW>{{MSW3 Muroidea | id = 13001533 | page = }}</ref> It is a nocturnal burrowing rat that is endemic to the Sinhgad plateau near [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /> Its natural [[habitat]]s are subtropical or tropical dry [[forest]]s, subtropical or tropical dry lowland [[grassland]], and [[urban area]]s.
Major threats are [[habitat destruction|habitat loss]], [[overgrazing]] of vegetation, and disturbance from tourism and recreational activities.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Murinae (Melasmothrix–Mus)}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q942246}}

[[Category:Rats of Asia]]
[[Category:Millardia]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Fauna of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rodents of India]]
[[Category:Critically endangered fauna of Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1975]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

{{Murinae-stub}}

Chennai Football Association

2025-10-02T23:18:42Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding basic entry v1

{{Short description|Indian sports governing body}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = Chennai Football Association
|abbrev = CFA
|logo =
|sport = [[Association football|Football]]
|jurisdiction = [[Chennai district|District]]
|founded = {{start date and age|1978}}
|aff = [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF)
|region = [[Tamil Nadu Football Association]] (TNFA)
|headquarters = [[Chennai]]
|membership =
|president =
|secretary =
|url =
}}

'''Chennai Football Association''' ('''CFA''') is a sports governing body that governs the [[association football|football]] in and around the [[Chennai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Football Association]], which is affiliated to the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF). The CFA organises [[Chennai Football League]], overlooking promotion and development of football in the bustling city of Chennai. Chennai Football Association has 96 affiliated clubs and conducts about 450 league matches for its member clubs, dividing them to 4 senior divisions, apart from conducting league for the schools and colleges. St. Joseph's Group of Institutions was the principal sponsor for nine years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Venkatesan |first1=Prasanna |title=CFA looking for principal sponsor |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu/20180329/282480004346902 |access-date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214213939/https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu/20180329/282480004346902 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Soham |title=Chennai City owner Rohit Ramesh outlines his plans for CFA Senior Division League |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/rohit-ramesh-cfa-senior-division-chennai-city/ni0rxl5c665c14xtpw1so2no3 |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022103/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/rohit-ramesh-cfa-senior-division-chennai-city/ni0rxl5c665c14xtpw1so2no3 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Competitions==
===Men===
*[[Chennai Football League]]

==Chennai football pyramid==
There are five divisions in the league under the Chennai Football Association (CFA), with the CFA Senior Division being the top-most league, followed by four lower tiers.<ref name="tamilnadu" >{{cite web |title=All you need to know about the league structure in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-league-structure-in-tamil/1q0btfvoolugk19fcvyc0bnlsa |website=Goal.com |last1=Muralidharan |first1=Ashwin |date=1 May 2018 |access-date=10 May 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422073314/https://www.goal.com/en/news/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-league-structure-in-tamil/1q0btfvoolugk19fcvyc0bnlsa |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |Chennai Football League
|-
!Tier
!Division
|-
!1 (5 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|CFA Senior Division ''↑promote (to I-League 3) ↓relegate''
|-
!2 (6 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|CFA First Division ''↑promote ↓relegate''
|-
!3 (7 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|CFA Second Division ''↑promote ↓relegate''
|-
!4 (8 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|CFA Third Division ''↑promote ↓relegate''
|-
!5 (9 on Indian football [[Indian football league system|pyramid]])
|CFA Fourth Division ''↑promote''
|}

==Football grounds==
CFA conducts their events on the following grounds.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Ground
! Location
! Image
|-
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)]] || [[Chennai]] ||[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Chennai panorama.jpg|300px]]
|-
| [[ICF Stadium]] || [[Ayanavaram]] ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Football in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Football in India}}

[[Category:Football in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1978]]

Maryhill, Mangaluru

2025-09-26T17:50:54Z

TeganJ7136381: starting new entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maryhill
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Residential locality
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dakshina Kannada]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mangaluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 575008
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0824
| registration_plate = KA 19
| governing_body = [[Mangaluru City Corporation]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Mangalore
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Humid]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Maryhill''' is a locality in [[Mangaluru]] city,<ref name="Helipad2017" /><ref name="Daijiworld2023">{{cite web |title=Mangaluru: Development work on Maryhill Junction nears completion |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1082295 |website=Daijiworld |access-date=21 February 2024 |date=22 May 2023}}</ref> [[Karnataka]], India. It is one of the upscale residential localities of Mangaluru. Maryhill, along with [[Bondel]] houses many highrise buildings and is also developing rapidly as a commercial center. [[Tulu language|Tulu]] is the main language which is spoken and understood by everyone in this locality. [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Kannada]] are the other languages that is commonly used. Maryhill is predominantly a residential area{{cn |date=February 2024}} and famous for Helipad. Many people use the Helipad daily for morning and evening walk.<ref name="Helipad2017">{{cite web |last1=Dsouza |first1=Alfie |title=Mary-Hill Helipad gone Dump-Yard! And IGP lives Next Door? |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/mary-hill-helipad-gone-dump-yard-igp-lives-next-door/ |website=The Mangalorean |access-date=21 February 2024 |date=7 March 2017 |quote=take action on behalf of some of the local residents there – some of them who use this area for their morning and evening exercise walk. (you need to scroll past a lot to read the entire article to get the location of Maryhill}}</ref> There are around 10 to 15 youth who enthusiastically gather at Maryhill helipad every Sunday at 8 am to fly their radio controlled aircraft. Instructors in the group train their pupils to fly these aircraft and also to operate radio-controlled motor cars.

== Educational establishments in Maryhill ==
*[[Mount Carmel Central School]]
*[[Vikas Pre-University College, Mangaluru]]
*[[Infant Jesus Higher primary school]]
*Opa Schooling- Preschool ( Nursery, Playgroup)

== Sites of worship ==
*Maryhill Chapel – used by sisters of the Apostolic Carmel located exactly in Maryhill.
*Mahalasa Narayani Temple: This temple is located between Maryhill and Padavinangadi.
*Bandottu Kordabbu Daivastana: This is one of the local daivastana in the area. Kola ustav will be held every year in the month of January.

== See also ==
* [[Kadri, Mangalore]]
* [[Bejai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Localities in Mangalore]]

{{DakshinaKannada-geo-stub}}

Kunal, Haryana

2025-08-26T15:58:35Z

TeganJ7136381: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kunal
| settlement_type = Archaeological Site
| image_skyline =
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| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[State of India|State]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]]
| subdivision_type3 =
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| timezone = Indian Standard Time
| utc_offset = +5.30
| timezone_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|29|37.3|N|75|39.5|E|display=inline,title}}
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
}}

'''Kunal''' is a [[Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation#Early, Mature and Late Harappan|pre-Harappan]] [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] settlement located, just 30 km from [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad City]] in [[Fatehabad district]] of [[Haryana]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] in [[India]]. Compared to other IVC sites, such as cities like [[Rakhigarhi]] and towns like [[Kalibangan]], Kunal site was a village.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-haryana-s-kunal-village-a-glimpse-of-life-before-harappa/story-wLMx93XxwQwMNMEsTwEp0J.html|title=In Haryana's Kunal village, a glimpse of life before Harappa}}</ref> Excavation at Kunal show 3 successive phases of Pre-Harappan indigenous culture on the Saraswati river who also traded with Kalibangan and [[Lothal]].<ref name=hargazc1/> Kunal, along with its other contemporary sites [[Bhirrana]] and [[Rakhigarhi]] on [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]]-[[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]] river system,<ref name="ku1" /><ref name=jane/> is recognised as the oldest Pre-Harappan settlement,<ref name=jane/><ref name=bus1/> with Kunal being an older cultural ancestor to [[Rehman Dheri]] in Pakistan,<ref name=asi1/> which is on the Tentative List for future World Heritage Sites.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1877/ Karez System Cultural Landscape], [[UNESCO]], accessed 10 July 2021.</ref>

Kunal is 12 km southeast of [[Ratia]], 30 km northwest of [[Bhuna, Fatehabad|Bhuna]], 30 km northeast of [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad]], 70 km north of [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], 190 km southwest of [[Chandigarh]], 230 km northwest from [[Delhi]],

==Background ==

===Site location ===

Site is located closer to other important IVC sites, such as 18 km northeast of Bhirrana, 45 km northeast of [[Banawali]], 80 km northwest of Rakhigarhi, 85 km west of [[Balu, Haryana]], and 150 km northeast of [[Jognakhera]]. It is 30 km northeast of Fatehabad city. It is 12 km southeast of [[Ratia]] and 12 km northwest of [[Bhuna, Fatehabad|Bhuna]] on Bhuna-Ratia rural road.

From ''Digoh-Kunal Road'', on the spot where a yellow metal board with red-colored [[Hindi language|Hindi]] letters announces ''"Harrappa kalin sthal"'' (Harappan era site) with a painted red arrow below it pointing in the direction of the site,<ref name=bus1/> a {{convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on|adj=mid|-long}} unpaved rural farm track to the west of ''Digoh-Kunal Road'' leads to this site. The site is immediate north (on right-hand side) of the track. This track, perpendicular to both, connects ''Digoh-Kunal Road'' and ''Dholu-Mohammadpur Sotter Road''.

===History of excavations===

After 1986 discovery of Kunal as IVC site, it has been in 1992-93, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2002-2003, 2017-2021,
<ref name=bus1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-haryana-s-kunal-village-a-glimpse-of-life-before-harappa/story-wLMx93XxwQwMNMEsTwEp0J.html In Haryana's Kunal village, a glimpse of life before Harappa ], Hindustan Times, 19 MAY 2019.</ref> 2023-24.<ref name=vavbk1>[https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/chandigarh/hadappa-civilizations-6000-years-agopeople-used-to-build-houses-by-digging-pits-take-care-of-cleanliness-evidence-found-in-haryana/articleshow/106686174.cms 6000 साल पहले गड्ढा खोदकर घर बनाते थे लोग, साफ-सफाई का रखते थे ध्यान... हरियाणा में खुदाई के दौरान मिला प्रमाण], navbharat times,10 jan 2024.</ref> The 2023-24 excavation will go 20 m deep to explore all three layers, and first layer was found at 3 m deep.<ref name=vavbk1/>

Excavations has been undertaken by various entities including, the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), [[Indian Archaeological Society]] (IAS), [[National Museum of India]] (NMI, and the [[Haryana State Directorate of Archaeology & Museums|Haryana Archaeological Department]] (HAD).<ref name="ku1" /> Excavations here are usually done in non-rainy season.

== Kunal culture ==
{{anchor | Culture | Kunal culture | Kunal Culture }}
{{see also | Pottery in the Indian subcontinent#History | l1= Pottery of Archaeological culture | Pottery#Archaeology | l2= Archaeological analysis of pottery | Pottery#Fabric | l3= Fabric analysis of pottery | Archaeological culture }}

'''Kunal culture''': Based on the [[pottery]] found here, it is classified as a separate archaeological culture / subculture.<ref name=dis1>[https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/the-harappan-civilisation-its-sub-cultures.html The Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures], Daily Pioneer, 10 May 2018.</ref>

===Cultural context ===
{{see also | Archaeological culture | Chronological dating | l2= Archaeological cultural dating | Phase (archaeology) | l3= Phases in archaeology | Pottery_in_the_Indian_subcontinent#Signifiance | l4= Tools and technology of archaeology | Pottery in the Indian subcontinent | l5= Pottery culture in Indian subcontinent }}

The earliest site of this culture is Kunal (4000 BCE)<ref name=asi1/> in Haryana, which is older than Rehman Dheri (3300 BCE).<ref name=un1/> The ''type site'', the first excavated site of this type of culture is Kot Diji.<ref name=dd1/> Rehman Dheri, which was considered oldest example of this culture, is now the second oldest example of this culture after Kunal was excavated and found to be older than Rehman Dheri with similar older cultural artifacts then the Rehman Dheri.<ref name=asi1/>

Kot Diji and Amri are close to each other in Sindh; they earlier developed indigenous culture which had common elements; later they came in contact with Harappan culture and fully developed into Harappan culture. Earliest examples of artifacts belonging to this culture were found at Rehman Dheri, however, later excavations found the oldest example of this culture at Kunal. These are cultural ancestor to site at [[Harappa]]. These sites have pre-Harappan indigenous cultural levels, distinct from the culture of Harappa, these are at Banawali (level I), Kot Diji (level 3A), Amri (level II). Rehman Dheri also has a pre Kot Diji phase (RHD1 3300-28 BCE) which are not part of IVC culture. Kot Diji has two later phases that continue into and alongside Mature Harappan Phase (RHDII and RHDII 2500-2100 BCE). Fortified towns found here are dated as follows.<ref name=dd1>Charles Keith Maisels, [https://books.google.com/books?id=I2dgI2ijww8C&pg=PA216 ''Early Civilizations of the Old World: The Formative Histories of Egypt, The Levant, Mesopotamia, India and China.''] Routledge, 2003 {{ISBN|1134837305}}</ref><ref name=asi1/><ref name="Higham2009">{{cite book|first=Charles |last=Higham|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=H1c1UIEVH9gC|page=9}}|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0996-1|pages=9–}}</ref><ref name=dd2>Sigfried J. de Laet, Ahmad Hasan Dani, eds. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BnY0KYbJC6wC&pg=PA674 ''History of Humanity: From the third millennium to the seventh century B.C.''] UNESCO, 1996 {{ISBN|9231028111}} p.674</ref><ref name=tej1>Tejas Garge (2010), [http://www.ancient-asia-journal.com/articles/10.5334/aa.10203/ Sothi-Siswal Ceramic Assemblage: A Reappraisal.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128033315/http://www.ancient-asia-journal.com/articles/10.5334/aa.10203/ |date=28 November 2021 }} Ancient Asia. 2, pp.15–40. {{doi|10.5334/aa.10203|doi-access=free}}</ref>

* Kunal (5000/4000 BCE- ),<ref name=asi1/> in [[Hisar district]] of [[Haryana]] in India is the earliest site found with layers in phase I dating back to 5000 BCE<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazateer], Revennue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V.</ref> and 4000 BCE,<ref name=asi1/> site's culture is an older ancestry of the Pre-Harappan site of Rehman Dheri which was dated to 3300 BC. A button seal was discovered at Kunal during 1998-99 excavations by [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. The seal is similar to the Rehman Dheri examples. It contained a picture of two deer on one side, and geometrical pattern on other side. The similar specimen from Rehman-Dheri is datable to {{circa|4000 BCE}}, which makes Kunal site an older ancestor of Rehman Dheri.<ref name=asi1>{{cite journal|last=Archaeological Survey of|first=India|title=Excavations at Kunal,Haryana|journal=Indian Archaeology 1998-99 a Review|year=2004|pages=11–12|url=http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201998-99%20A%20Review.pdf|access-date=13 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508064754/http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201998-99%20A%20Review.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The second phase of Kunal corresponds to post-[[Neolithic]] phase of Hakra culture (also called [[Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation#Early, Mature and Late Harappan|Early Harappan Phase, c.3300-2800 BCE or c.5000-2800 BCE]]) was also found.<ref name="ku1">[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/museum-at-pre-harappan-site-soon-188106 Museum at pre-Harappan site soon], ''The Tribune'', 23 Dec 2020.</ref>
* [[Kot Diji]] (3300 BCE),<ref name=un1/> is the [[type site]], located in [[Sindh]] in Pakistan.
* [[Amri (Pre-Harappa)|Amri]] (3600–3300 BCE), also has non-Harappan phases during 6000 BC to 4000 BC, and later Harappan Phases till 1300 BCE.
* [[Kalibangan]] (3500 BC – 2500 BC),<ref name=tej1/> in northwest Rajasthan in India on [[Hakra|Ghaggar]] River.
* [[Rehman Dheri]], 3300 BCE,<ref name=un1>[[UNESCO]] [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1877/ Karez System Cultural Landscape]</ref> near [[Dera Ismail Khan]] and close to [[Zhob River|River Zhob]] Valley in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] in Pakistan.

===Significance===
{{anchor | Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation }}

Kunal, along with its contemporary Kunal{{Clarify|date=November 2024}} and Bhirrana as well as Rakhigarhi,<ref name="ku1" /> is recognised as the oldest pre-Harappan settlement.<ref name=jane/><ref name=bus1/> The carbon dating of Bhirrana site revealed that it dated back to 7030 BC (9,000 years old). The excavation in Kunal has shown that it is contemporary to the Pre-Harappa phase of Bhirrana site – the oldest Indus civilisation site – 18 km from Kunal. The artifacts found at Kunal have provided significant information about the "lifestyle, socio-economic milieu and food habit of the people who lived along the Sarasvati River in the ancient times. Kunal, Bhirrana and Rakhigarhi were contemporary habitation sites". The [[hoard]] containing gold beads and copper rings at Kunal are evidence of developed village farming communities with trade links to far-flung countries for the import of metal and precious stones which are not found in this area.<ref name="ku1" /> Discovery of a button seal during 1998–1999 excavations by ASI shows this site's culture is an older ancestry of the [[Rehman Dheri]].<ref name=asi1/>

===Kunal culture is older ancestor of Pre-Harappan Rehman Dheri ===

Discovery of a button seal during 1998-99 excavations by ASI shows this site's culture is an older ancestry of the Pre-Harappan site of Rehman Dheri which was dated to 3300 BC.<ref name=asi1/> This seal found at Kunal, datable to {{circa|4000 BCE}}, contained a picture of two deer on one side and a geometrical pattern on other side, which is similar to a specimen from Rehman-Dheri in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].<ref name=asi1/>

===Earliest Pre-Harappan site ===

This site is recognised as an earliest Pre-Harappan site,<ref name=jane/> with three successive phases of Pre-Harappan indigenous culture on the [[Saraswati river]] who also traded with Kalibanga and [[Lothal]]. The discovery of [[wikt:Regalis|regalis]] (royal items) excavated from this mound are the oldest of its kind in the [[Indian subcontinent]], [[Central Asia]] and [[Iran]].<ref name=hargazc1/> Discoveries include woman's complete dress, tribal head attire, copper spearheads, [[Soapstone|steatite]] seals with geometrical patterns (indicating seal making in IVC first begun here), terracotta antiques, arrowheads, fish hooks, two crowns, bangles, silver beads, gold pendants and over 12,000 beads of semi precious stones including [[lapis lazuli]].<ref name=hargazc1/>

* ''First phase -3 meter deep:'' Dates back to 5,000 years ago is the oldest habitation, which has large dwelling pits of 1.10 m depth and 2 m diameter, whose [[omnivorous]] inhabitants also used [[Chalcedony]] blades, fish hooks, pottery wheels, domesticated plants and animals.<ref name=hargazc1/> This site yielded [[Hakra Ware culture|Hakra ware]] at entry level. Houses were built on an artificially elevated place.<ref name=singh>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788131711200|pages=109, 145–6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&q=kunal}}</ref> 2023-24 excavation found large smelters and kiln where poetry and beads were made, which indicates the Trade network with other places. Away from the dwellings the large deep pits were found which were used for disposing of rubbish, an evidence that people were cleanliness conscious.<ref name=vavbk1/>
* ''Second phase:'' The dwellings are made of moulded bricks.<ref name=hargazc1/> A dwelling pit of two metre diameter belonging to ''post-[[neolithic]] phase of Hakra culture'' (also called [[Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation#Early, Mature and Late Harappan|Early Harappan Phase, c.3300-2800 BCE or c.5000-2800 BCE]]) was also found.<ref name="ku1" />
* ''Third phase - 20 meter deep:'' The final phase of excavation belongs to agriculturists who also reared domesticated animals and lived in houses containing living rooms, kitchens, toilets square and rectangular rooms built with bricks of standardised length-breadth-height ratio.<ref name=hargazc1/>

==Artifacts ==

Designs on pottery included [[Peepal tree|pipal leaves]] (''ficus religiosa'') and [[Zebu|humped bull]]<ref name=singh/> which were important motifs found on Mature Harappan seals. Bone tools, micro blades made of [[chalcedony]], copper fish hooks and arrow heads were also found here.<ref name=singh/> Six [[steatite]] seals and one shell seal with geometric patterns were found.<ref name=singh/> These six seals were of square shape, made of grey stone and resembled typical Mature Harappan seals.<ref name=jane/> Also found at this site are copper rods, rings, bangle pieces, terracotta objects like bangles, balls, animal figurines, net-sinker, toy cart frames, disk and toys, stone balls, shell bangles etc.<ref name=asi1/>

===Hoards===

Large [[hoard]]s of jewellery were found at this location, including two silver [[tiara]]s, gold ornaments, beads of semi precious stones etc.<ref name=singh/> Number of hoards found at this site included silver bangle, copper tools etc.<ref name=jane>{{cite book|last=McIntosh|first=Jane R.|title=The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=9781576079072|pages=68, 80,82,105,113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=kunal}}</ref>

===Copper smelting===
Excavations on south-west side of mound revealed copper furnaces with smelting material and copper ingots and slags were also found at this site.<ref name=asi1/>

===Rice===
Rice (probably wild) is found from Kunal as well as from [[Balu, Haryana|Balu]], both in Haryana.<ref name=jane/>

==Conservation and threats ==

===In-situ museum ===

[[Kunal Indus Valley Civilisation Museum]], is an under construction in-situ museum announced by the Haryana government in December 2020. The [[Haryana State Directorate of Archaeology & Museums|HAD]] will finalise the design and state's Public Works Department will undertake the construction.<ref name="ku1" />

===Protected status and threats ===

Kunal site has been granted the protected status by the [[Government of Haryana]] which has also constructed a boundary wall around it for protection. This unguarded important site remains under the threat of encroachment and theft.re<ref name=bus1/> Experts have demanded specific project for surveying the largest area with ground penetrating radars to determine the exact extent of the site and subsequent land acquisition by the government for its preservation.

Conservationists and villagers have demanded that the {{convert|1.2|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=mid|-long}} unpaved track, connecting two paved roads, to the site must also be paved after changing its alignment (if needed) based on the ground-penetrating radar surveys.

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}

* [[Indus Valley Civilization]]
** [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]]
*** [[Bhirrana]], 4 phases of IVC with earliest dated to 8th-7th millennium BCE
*** [[Kalibanga]], an IVC town and fort with several phases starting from Early harappan phase
*** [[Rakhigarhi]], one of the largest IVC city with 4 phases of IVC with earliest dated to 8th-7th millennium BCE
*** Kunal, pre harappan cultural ancestor of [[Rehman Dheri]]
** [[List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
*** [[Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
*** [[Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation]]
** [[Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation]]
** [[Pottery in the Indian subcontinent]]
*** [[Bara culture]], subtype of Late-Harappan Phase
*** [[Black and red ware]], belonging to [[Neolithic]] and Pre-Harappan phases
*** [[#Culture|Kunal culture]], subtype of Pre-Harappan Phase
*** [[Siswal#Sothi|Sothi-Siswal culture]], subtype of Pre-Harappan Phase
*** [[Cemetery H culture]] (2000-1400 BC), early Indo-Aryan pottery at IVC sites later evolved into [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] of [[Vedic period]]
** [[Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum]]
* [[History of Haryana]]
** [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana]]
** [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana]]

==References==
===Citations ===
{{reflist}}

===External links===
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC Location of Kunal and other IVC sites]

{{Indus Valley Civilization}}
{{Tourism in India}}
{{Haryana}}

[[Category:Pre-Indus Valley civilisation sites]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Haryana]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Kot Diji culture]]

Dhilwan Khurd

2025-08-13T21:45:28Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding new article needs work - done

{{Short description|Village in Faridkot, Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dhilwan Khurd
| other_name = ਢਿੱਲਵਾਂ ਖੁਰਦ
| settlement_type = Village
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{Coord|30.739927|74.603884|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| government_type = Sarpanch
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 1361
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2011 (Punjab) |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |website=cdn.s3waas.gov.in |page=50}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code = 151203
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Faridkot
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]
}}
'''Dhilwan Khurd''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਢਿੱਲਵਾਂ ਖੁਰਦ) is a village located in [[Faridkot district]] of [[Punjab]] State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhilwan Khurd · Punjab 151212, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Dhilwan+Khurd,+Punjab+151212/@30.7401205,74.5988416,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x3919e07b599d8853:0xa08091db51843e2!8m2!3d30.7392897!4d74.6063703!16s/g/1tfldmts?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDYxMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=Dhilwan Khurd · Punjab 151212, India |language=en}}</ref> The Village has a population of 1361 of which 709 are males while 652 are females as per the population census of 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhilwan Khurd Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35522-dhilwan-khurd-punjab.html |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The total geographical area of the village is about 414 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2011 (Punjab) |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |website=cdn.s3waas.gov.in |page=50}}</ref> The postal code of the village is 151203.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GMS DHILWAN KHURD {{!}} District Faridkot,Governmnet of Punjab {{!}} India |url=https://faridkot.nic.in/public-utility/gms-dhilwan-khurd/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]

Ratti Rori

2025-08-13T21:36:09Z

TeganJ7136381: New new info

{{Short description|Village in Faridkot, Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ratti Rori
| other_name = ਰੱਤੀ ਰੋੜੀ
| settlement_type = Village
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{Coord|30.620814|74.702997|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| government_type = Sarpanch
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 1465
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code = 151203
| registration_plate = PB04
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Faridkot
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]
}}
'''Ratti Rori''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਰੱਤੀ ਰੋੜੀ) is a village located in [[Faridkot district]] of [[Punjab]] State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratti Rori · Punjab 151203, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ratti+Rori,+Punjab+151203/@30.6210451,74.6978688,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x39175be237d18c85:0x3a3165b7b64db0fa!8m2!3d30.621885!4d74.7029792!16s/g/1tfk7ddg!5m1!1e1?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDYwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Ratti Rori · Punjab 151203, India |language=en}}</ref> The Village has a population of 1465 of which 780 are males while 685 are females as per the population census of 2011.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2011 (Punjab) |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |archive-url= |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=cdn.s3waas.gov.in |page=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rattirori Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35485-rattirori-punjab.html |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The postal code of the village is 151203.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GSSS RATI RORI DAGGO ROMANA {{!}} District Faridkot,Governmnet of Punjab {{!}} India |url=https://faridkot.nic.in/public-utility/gsss-rati-rori-daggo-romana/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> The total geographical area of the village is about 929 hectares.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]

P. Muthukumaraswamy Sarma

2025-08-08T16:47:32Z

TeganJ7136381: New a biography

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Muthukumaraswamy Sarma P. (Sangeetha Bhooshanam).jpg|thumb|Sangeetha Bhooshanam P. Muthukumaraswamy Sarma]]
'''P. Muthukumaraswamy Sarma''' was a [[Carnatic music]]ian and a [[Music education|music educator]]. He was a prime disciple of [[Dandapani Desikar]] at [[Annamalai University]] during the 1950s.<ref name=times>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/disciple-who-popularized-desikars-legacy/articleshow/70135065.cms|title=Disciple who popularized Desikar's legacy|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 July 2019|author=[[Vamanan]]|accessdate=10 July 2019 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190710054539/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/disciple-who-popularized-desikars-legacy/articleshow/70135065.cms|archivedate=10 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
Born in [[Jaffna]], [[Sri Lanka]] to parents Paramasamy Gurukkal and Rathinamma, on 23 August 1932, he lost his father at an early age. After completing his secondary education in Jaffna, he went to [[India]] during the late 1950s and joined [[Annamalai University]] as a music student. His educator was [[Dandapani Desikar]], an exponent of Tamil Hindu religious hymns and Tamil keerthanas. Muthukumaraswamy followed suit and became an exponent of Tamil songs.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Musical journey==
After graduating from Annamalai University, he went back to Yaazhpaanam and got appointed as a music teacher in government owned schools. He taught music to students at various schools in Jaffna.

During the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], he moved to Chennai in 1986 along with his family. He belonged to a family that had migrated to Jaffna from Kanchipuram.

He performed music concerts in Chennai sabhas and private events. He also taught music, including to Sri Lankan singer [[Manickam Yogeswaran]]. Some vocalists, including [[Sudha Ragunathan]] learned Tamil [[Kriti (music)|kriti]]s from him.<ref name=times />

He was a music educator at Annamalai University until the age of 86.

As a disciple of Dandapani Desikar, he arranged thematic kutcheris in sabhas in [[Chennai]] to mark Desikar's centenary during the music festival of 2008. He celebrated his guru's remembrance day every year and also popularised Desikar's nine compositions on Madurai Meenakshi Amman.

Singer Sudha Ragunathan is quoted as saying: "Whenever I wanted to learn a special Tamil song, he would be there. I have never seen another musician as generous and as forthcoming in sharing his knowledge."<ref name=times />

==Family==
Muthukumaraswamy Sarma was married to Nalina Ranjani and the couple have four sons - Kalatharan, Artist Pathmavasan, Sarangadharan and Kumaran and a daughter - Geetha.<ref name=dinamani>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-chennai/chennai/2019/jun/27/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D--%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF-3179869.html|title=காலமானார் ப.முத்துக்குமாரசாமி|trans-title=P. Muthukumarasamy died|work=[[Dinamani]]|date=27 June 2019|accessdate=10 July 2019|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190710063703/https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-chennai/chennai/2019/jun/27/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D--%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF-3179869.html|archivedate=10 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Publications==
He edited and published periodicals titled ''Isai Aruvi'', ''Kalai Aruvi'' and ''Isai Yedu''.<ref name=dinamani />

==Death==
Muthukumaraswamy Sarma was ailing for some time due to old age and died, aged 87, on 25 June 2019 at his residence in Kottivakkam, Chennai. His funeral took place in Besant Nagar crematorium on 26 June Wednesday.<ref name=dinamani />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{YouTube|XsfKIq8iLSM|Isaiyin Ellaiyai Yaar Kandaar}} - 'Who knows the boundaries of music?' a rendition of Desikar's composition by Muthukumaraswamy
*[https://vamananinsight.blogspot.com/2019/07/pmuthukumarasamy-dandapani-desikars.html P. Muthukumarasamy : Dandapani Desikar's chosen disciple]
*{{Cite news|url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/cinema/news/74242|title=தேசிகரும் அவருடைய முத்தான சீடரும்|language=Tamil|work=[[Dinamalar]]|date=15 July 2019|first=Vamanan|last=Narasimhan|authorlink=Vamanan|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190720004036/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/cinema/news/74242|archivedate=20 July 2019|access-date=20 July 2019|url-status=usurped}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muthukumaraswamy Sarma, P.}}
[[Category:1930s births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Indian music educators]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan emigrants to India]]

Maiestas albofasciata

2025-02-24T22:51:35Z

TeganJ7136381: starting stub

{{Short description|Species of true bug}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| genus = Maiestas
| species = albofasciata
| authority = (Dash & [[Viraktamath]], 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arctos.database.museum/name/Recilia%20albofasciatus|title=Binomial authority|publisher=Arctos|accessdate=November 24, 2012}}</ref>
}}

'''''Maiestas albofasciata''''' is a species of bug from the [[leafhopper|Cicadellidae]] family that is endemic to [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalspecies.org/ntaxa/2457834|title=Recilia albofasciatus|publisher=Globalspecies.org|accessdate=22 May 2012}}</ref> It was formerly placed within ''[[Recilia]]'', but a 2009 revision moved it to ''[[Maiestas]]''.<ref name=WeebViraktamath2009>Webb, M.D.; Viraktamath, C.A. 2009: Annotated check-list, generic key and new species of Old World Deltocephalini leafhoppers with nomenclatorial changes in the ''Deltocephalus'' group and other Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). ''Zootaxa'', '''2163''': 1-64. [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02163p064f.pdf Abstract & excerpt]</ref>

==References==
{{Wikispecies|Recilia albofasciatus}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3082275}}

[[Category:Insects described in 1998]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Insects of India]]
[[Category:Maiestas|albofasciata]]

{{Deltocephalinae-stub}}

Anima Guha

2025-02-14T11:22:02Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding first details more to come

{{Short description|Indian writer (1932–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Anima Guha
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|03|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dhubri]], Assam, British Raj
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|07|29|1932|03|26|df=y}}
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Writer
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] English
| nationality = Indian
| citizenship =
| education = PhD in [[anthropology]]
| alma_mater = [[Pune University]]
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'''Anima Guha''' (26 March 1932 – 29 July 2021) was an Indian writer from [[Assam]]. Guha was a literary pensioner who published numerous novels, essays, articles, translations, and travelogues. Guha also published a number of research papers in scientific journals, in addition to attending many seminars and conferences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/eminent-writer-from-assam-anima-guha-passes-away-548615|website=The Sentinel|title= Eminent Writer from Assam Anima Guha Passes Away|language=en|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

==Education and personal life==
Anima Guha was born on March 26, 1932, to Niharika Das and Girindra Mohan Das at Dhubri. She started her school days at Kokrajhar LP School. She cleared Matriculation in the First Division from Jorhat Government Girls High School in 1947. In 1949, she passed her I.SC in the First division from Cotton College. She graduated from the Botany Department of Cotton College affiliated from Gauhati University.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|date=2021-07-30|title=Noted writer & social activist Dr. Anima Guha passes away in Guwahati – Sentinelassam|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/noted-writer-social-activist-dr-anima-guha-passes-away-in-guwahati-548639|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.sentinelassam.com|language=en}}</ref>

Following her marriage to historian and economist [[Amalendu Guha]], Anima Guha completed her master's degree. She received a PhD in [[anthropology]] from [[Pune University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2021/07/29/assam-noted-intellectual-anima-guha-passes-away/|website=Northeast Today|title= Assam : Eminent Author Anima Guha Passes Away|language=en|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

==Career==
She worked as a pool officer at the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] from 1980 to 1984, in addition to being a postdoctoral fellow at the [[Anthropological Survey of India]], Calcutta (1976–1989). From 1985 to 1990, she worked as a [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission's]] research associate at [[Calcutta University]]'s department of anthropology, focusing on the genetics of birth abnormalities and indigenous health practices among [[Tribes of Assam|Assamese tribal communities]] and other backward populations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/interpreter-of-feminine-pain-personality/cid/1555973|website=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|title= Interpreter of feminine pain – PERSONALITY|language=en|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

She has also presented papers at the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Science held in [[Zagreb]] (Yugoslavia) and in New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Today|first=North East|date=2021-07-29|title=Assam : Eminent Author Anima Guha Passes Away|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2021/07/29/assam-noted-intellectual-anima-guha-passes-away/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Northeast Today|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Death==
Guha died on 29 July 2021 due to age related issues at Arya Hospital in [[Guwahati]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assams-noted-writer-social-activist-dr-anima-guha-passes-away-at-90.html|website=Northeast Now|title= Assam's noted writer, social activist Dr Anima Guha passes away at 89|language=en|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guha, Anima}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Dhubri district]]
[[Category:Writers from Assam]]
[[Category:Writers from Northeast India]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]

7th Indian Infantry Division

2024-11-21T16:39:39Z

TeganJ7136381:

{{for|the World War I formation|7th (Meerut) Division}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 7th Infantry Division
| image = File:7 Infantry Division.png
| caption = Formation sign for the 7th Infantry Division.<ref>Cole p. 79</ref>
| dates = 1940-present
| country =
| type = [[Infantry]]
| role =
| size = [[Division (military)|Division]]
| command_structure =
| garrison = [[Ferozepur]]
| equipment = 
| current_commander =
| notable_commanders = [[Frank Messervy]] [[Geoffrey Charles Evans]]
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_2 = 
| nickname = ''Golden Arrow Division''
| motto =
| march =
| mascot =
| battles = [[Battle of the Admin Box]] [[Battle of Kohima]] [[Battle of Central Burma]] [[Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations|Irrawaddy River]]
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
}}
The '''7th Infantry Division''' is a war-formed [[infantry]] [[Division (military)|division]], part of the British Indian Army that saw service in the [[Burma Campaign]].

==History==
The division was created on 1 October 1940 at [[Attock]], under the command of [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] [[Arthur Wakely (Indian Army officer)|Arthur Wakely]]. Its formation sign was an arrow, pointing bottom left to top right, in yellow on a black background. The division was sometimes known as the "Golden Arrow" division from this sign. When first formed, the division consisted of the [[13th Indian Infantry Brigade|13th]], [[14th Indian Infantry Brigade|14th]] and [[16th Indian Infantry Brigade]]s, but within eighteen months, both the 13th and 16th Brigades were removed and dispatched to [[Burma]], where both fought during the [[Japanese conquest of Burma]]. The 14th Brigade was renumbered the [[114th Indian Infantry Brigade]] and remained with the division.

During 1942, the [[33rd Indian Infantry Brigade|33rd]] and [[89th Indian Infantry Brigade|89th Brigades]] were added to the division. The division trained for operations in the deserts in the Middle East but by the end of the year, the [[North African campaign]] was clearly at an end. In early 1943, the division was reassigned to the [[Burma campaign]] and Major General [[Frank Messervy]], a veteran of the fighting in North Africa, was appointed to command, replacing Major General [[Thomas Corbett (Indian Army officer)|Thomas Corbett]].

[[File:The British Army in Burma 1943 SE24.jpg|thumb|left|[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Louis Mountbatten]], Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia, talking to British officers of the 2nd Battalion, [[King's Own Scottish Borderers]] near the Arakan front, December 1943.]]

After extensive retraining and preparation, 7th Division took part in an offensive in [[Rakhine State|Arakan]], the coastal province of Burma. Starting in December 1943, the division advanced down the Kalapanzin River valley as part of [[XV Corps (British India)|XV Corps]]. In February 1944, Japanese troops infiltrated through the division's front and overran the divisional HQ. Units of the division took part in the subsequent [[Battle of the Admin Box]], in which the Japanese failed to capture positions supplied by parachute drops and were forced to retreat.

During March, the Japanese launched a major offensive (codenamed [[Operation U-Go]]) into [[Manipur]]. Having been withdrawn from the Arakan battles, the division proceeded by road and rail to [[Dimapur]], where it came under command of [[XXXIII Corps (British India)|XXXIII Corps]] and took part in the [[Battle of Kohima]]. The [[161st Indian Infantry Brigade|161st Indian Brigade]], part of the [[5th Infantry Division (India)|5th Indian Division]], came under command, while the 89th Brigade was flown to Imphal, to replace 161st Brigade in 5th Division. During early May, 33rd Brigade completed the recapture of Kohima Ridge, while the main body of the division recaptured Naga Village to the north of the ridge. During the later part of the month and early June, the division advanced through heavy [[monsoon]] rains along rough tracks to the east of the main road from Kohima to Imphal, and cleared Japanese stragglers from [[Ukhrul]].

From July to October, the division regrouped near Kohima, and 89th Brigade rejoined. Late in 1944, Major General Messervy was promoted to command [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|IV Corps]] and was replaced in command of the division by Major General [[Geoffrey Charles Evans]]. Now commanded by IV Corps, the division advanced down the Gangaw Valley west of the [[Chindwin River]], with the [[28th (East Africa) Brigade]] under command, screened until [[Pauk, Myanmar|Pauk]] was reached by the lightly equipped [[Lushai Brigade]]. During late February 1945, the division captured vital bridgeheads across the [[Irrawaddy River]] near [[Pakokku]]. During March, as part of the decisive [[Battle of Central Burma]], the division was involved in several battles at [[Myingyan]] and [[Yenangyaung]].

[[File:The British Army in Burma 1945 SE4330.jpg|thumb|right|Men of the 1st Battalion, [[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)]], on patrol aboard an assault boat on the Pegu Canal near Waw, July 1945.]]

During April, the division once again came under command of XXXIII Corps and advanced down the west bank of the Irrawaddy. After [[Yangon|Rangoon]], the capital, was captured in early May, the division was directly commanded by the new headquarters of [[Twelfth Army (United Kingdom)|Twelfth Army]] and resisted Japanese diversionary attacks across the [[Sittang River]] during the monsoon.

After the war ended, in September 1945, the division moved to [[Thailand]], where it disarmed the Japanese occupying army, and liberated and repatriated Allied prisoners of war.

Following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 the 7th Division local units were split between India and Pakistan, and both armies continue to have a 7th Infantry Division with the Golden Arrow formation sign.

==Component Units (1 March 1944)==
* [[33rd Indian Infantry Brigade]]
** 1st Battalion, [[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)]]
** 4th Battalion, [[15th Punjab Regiment]]
** 4th Battalion, [[1st Gurkha Rifles]]
* [[89th Indian Infantry Brigade]]
** 2nd Battalion, [[King's Own Scottish Borderers]]
** 7th Battalion, [[2nd Punjab Regiment]]
** 4th Battalion, [[8th Gurkha Rifles]]
* [[114th Indian Infantry Brigade]]
** 1st Battalion, [[Somerset Light Infantry]] replaced by 2nd South Lancashire Regiment (PWV) March 1944
** 4th Battalion, [[14th Punjab Regiment]]
** 4th Battalion, [[5th Royal Gurkha Rifles]]

===Support Units===
* 1st Battalion, [[11th Sikh Regiment]] (Machine-gun unit)
* 136th (1st West Lancashire) Field Regt, [[Royal Artillery]]
* [[2nd Kent Artillery Volunteers|139th (4th London) Field Regt]], Royal Artillery
* 25th Mountain Regt. [[Royal Indian Artillery|Indian Artillery]]
* 24th Light Anti-Aircraft / Anti-Tank Regt, Royal Artillery
* 62nd Field Company [[Royal Indian Engineers]] (IE)
* 77th Field Company IE
* 421st Field Company IE
* 303rd Field Park Company IE

==Commanders==
* Maj. Gen. A.V.T. Wakely
* Maj. Gen. R. Richardson
* Maj. Gen. [[Thomas Corbett (Indian Army officer)|Thomas Corbett]]
* Maj. Gen. [[Frank Messervy]]
* Maj. Gen. [[Geoffrey Charles Evans|Geoffrey Evans]]
* Maj. Gen. [[Frederick Joseph Loftus-Tottenham]]

==Assigned brigades==
All these brigades were assigned or attached to the division at some time during World War II.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2009-10-22|publisher=Order of Battle|title=7 Division units|url=http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=6007&Tab=Sub|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314220519/http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=6007&Tab=Sub|archive-date=14 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[55th Indian Infantry Brigade]]
* [[9th Indian Infantry Brigade]]
* [[28th (East African) Infantry Brigade]]
* [[268th Indian Infantry Brigade]]
* [[22nd (East African) Infantry Brigade]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last1=Cole|first1=Howard|title=Formation Badges of World War 2. Britain, Commonwealth and Empire|date=1973|publisher=Arms and Armour Press|location=London}}

==External links==
* {{oob unit | id = 6007 | name = 7 Indian Infantry Division }}

==Further reading==
* Jon Latimer, ''Burma: The Forgotten War'', London: John Murray, 2004 {{ISBN|0-7195-6576-6}}
* Michael Roberts, ''Golden Arrow: the story of the 7th Indian Division in the Second World War, 1939-1945'', 1952

{{Indian Divisions in World War II}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:07 Indian Infantry Division}}
[[Category:Indian World War II divisions]]
[[Category:British Indian Army divisions]]
[[Category:Divisions of the Indian Army]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1940]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II|D]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1947]]

Jagdish Khattar

2024-11-10T18:33:01Z

TeganJ7136381: starting basic entry added tags!

{{Short description|Indian businessman (1942–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Jagdish Khattar
| image =
| image_size =
| alt = Jagdish Khattar
| caption = Jagdish Khattar at his home office, Carnation Auto
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| occupation = Businessman
| children = 1
| birth_date = {{birth date|1942|12|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dera Ismail Khan]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2021|4|26|1942|12|18}}
}}

'''Jagdish Khattar''' (18 December 1942<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=26 April 2021|title=A Tribute to Jagdish Khattar - The Man behind Maruti's Magical Turnaround {{!}} Droom Discovery|url=https://droom.in/auto-news/a-tribute-to-jagdish-khattar-the-man-behind-maruti-s-magical-turnaround|access-date=28 April 2021|website=Droom|language=en}}</ref>{{spnd}}26 April 2021)<ref>{{cite web|date=26 April 2021|title=Jagdish Khattar, former MD of Maruti Suzuki India, dies at 78|url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/jagdish-khattar-former-md-of-maruti-suzuki-india-dies-at-66/82255807|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426082150/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/jagdish-khattar-former-md-of-maruti-suzuki-india-dies-at-66/82255807|archive-date=26 April 2021|work=[[The Economic Times]]|accessdate=26 April 2021}}</ref> was an [[India|Indian]] [[Businessperson|businessman]] and [[Civil Servant|civil servant]]. He was the managing director of [[Maruti Udyog|Maruti Udyog Limited]] from 1999 to 2007. He first joined Maruti in July 1993 as a director (marketing).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Former Maruti chief Jagdish Khattar passes away|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/former-maruti-chief-jagdish-khattar-passes-away/cid/1813793|access-date=28 April 2021|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> He was appointed managing director in 1999 as the government nominee, and reappointed in May 2002 as the [[Suzuki]] Motor Corporation (SMC) nominee.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=The humbling of Jagdish Khattar|date=23 June 2015|work=Mint|id={{ProQuest|1690283653}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kuwait-arrests-its-national-for-funding-indian-isis-man-in-iraq-1278513.html | title=Kuwait Arrests Its National For Funding Indian ISIS Man in Iraq | agency=Press Trust of India | date=7 August 2016 | publisher=News18 | accessdate=3 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/marketing/19527_Khattar-retires-from-Maruti-Suzuki-top-management-reshuffled | title=Khattar retires from Maruti Suzuki; top management reshuffled | publisher=afaqs.com | date=30 October 2007 | accessdate=3 September 2020 }}</ref> During his tenure, he oversaw a restructuring of the company in the face of foreign competitors entering the Indian market.

Prior to joining Maruti, Khattar was an officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] for more than 27 years.<ref name="biographs">{{cite web
|url=http://www.myiris.com/shares/ipo/bin/ipoReviewShow.php?icode=MARUDYOG
|title=An IPO review conducted by myiris.com
|accessdate=14 September 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909004248/http://www.myiris.com/shares/ipo/bin/ipoReviewShow.php?icode=MARUDYOG
|archivedate=9 September 2006 |url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="interview">{{cite web
|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/bisc/jakh.html
|title=Interview conducted by India Infoline
|accessdate=14 September 2006}}</ref> In 2008, he decided to set up an independent national sales and service network in the automobile sector, which became Carnation Auto.

==Early life==

Khattar was born on 18 December 1942 into a family of entrepreneurs<ref name=":2" /> who had set up an electricity generation and supply company in [[Dera Ismail Khan]] (now in Pakistan) before [[Partition of India|Partition]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranjana|first=Eshwar|date=26 April 2021|title=Former Maruti Suzuki MD Jagdish Khattar Passes Away at 78|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/former-maruti-suzuki-md-jagdish-khattar-passes-away|access-date=28 April 2021|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> He completed his [[Bachelor of Arts]] ([[honours degree|Honours]]) degree from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi, India|St. Stephen's College]], [[Delhi]] and his [[LLB]] from [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cappelli|first=Peter|title=The India Way: How India's Top Business Leaders Are Revolutionizing Management|date=2010|isbn=978-1-4221-5784-8|oclc=1147300636|page=[[iarchive:indiawayhowindia0000capp/page/238/mode/1up|238]]|publisher=[[Harvard Business Publishing]]}}</ref>
== Career ==
Khattar was an [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service (IAS)]] officer of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] cadre. As a bureaucrat he served as the officer of the Uttar Pradesh state government between 1965 and 1979, during which he served as the [[district magistrate]] of Chamoli between 1969 and 1972, and the managing director of the [[Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation]] between 1975 and 1978.<ref name="biographs" /> He was the director of the [[Tea Board of India]] in London between 1979 and 1983.<ref name="biographs" /> He was with the [[Ministry of Commerce]] as the chairman of the Tea Board between 1983 and 1984 and served as the chairman and managing director of the [[Uttar Pradesh State Cement Corporation]] between 1984 and 1986, and as the secretary and chairman of the Uttar Pradesh Road Transport Corporation between 1986 and 1988. He went on to be the joint secretary at the [[Ministry of Steel]] with the Government of India between 1988 and 1992.<ref name="biographs" />

He was brought in as an [[Officer on Special Duty]] to [[Maruti Udyog]] in 1992 by the then managing director [[R. C. Bhargava]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Sharmistha|date=19 November 2014|title=40 Years Ago... and now: How the people's car was born, and how it stayed that way|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/40-years-ago-and-now-how-the-people-s-car-was-born-and-how-it-stayed-that-way-114111900021_1.html|access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> He joined the company in 1993 as a director of marketing and went on to become its executive director before being promoted to being its joint managing director in 1999.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=27 April 2021|title=Former Maruti Suzuki India MD Jagdish Khattar dies at 78|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/former-maruti-suzuki-india-md-jagdish-khattar-dies-at-78-101619487681708.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> This was the time of differences between [[Suzuki Motor|Suzuki Motor Corporation]] and the Government of India which were joint venture partners in the company.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Former Maruti Suzuki MD Jagdish Khattar passes away|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/former-maruti-suzuki-md-jagdish-khattar-passes-away-244473|access-date=28 April 2021|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> He was noted to have laid the foundation of the company's growth after the Indian government began its [[Disinvestment in India|disinvestment]] from the joint venture in 2002. During this period of disagreement between the venture partners, Khattar dealt with issues on ownership, technology transfer, as well as industrial relations including a workers strike in the Gurgaon plant of the company in 2000.<ref name=":0" /> In 2002, he was re-nominated as the managing director by Suzuki Motor Corporation and served as the managing director until his retirement in 2007. At the time of his retirement, the company had more than fifty percent of the market share of the Indian passenger vehicles market.<ref name=":0" /> He was also noted for his representations of the Indian auto industry for changes in taxation structure and regulations with the government, working with the [[Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers|Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM)]].<ref name=":1" />

His last day in office at Maruti as MD, at age 65, was on 18 December 2007.<ref name=":3" /> After his retirement from Maruti Udyog in 2007, he founded Carnation Auto, a multi-brand car service chain with investments from [[Premji Invest]] and [[Gaja Capital]]. He was charged by the CBI and Carnation Auto in 2019 of causing losses of INR 110 crores to the Indian [[Public sector banks in India|public sector bank]], [[Punjab National Bank]].<ref name=":0" /> However, an independent forensic audit found no evidence of wrongdoings.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/not-surprised-by-owaisi-stand-on-caa-npr-amit-shah-interview-1631241-2019-12-24 Ex-Maruti MD Jagdish Khattar booked for Rs 110 crore bank loan: CBI]</ref>

== Death ==
Khattar died on 26 April 2021 from a cardiac arrest. He was aged 78.<ref name=":0" />

==Recognition and awards==
Khattar had an honorary [[Doctor of Business Administration]] award from the [[London Metropolitan University]] for his services to the automobile industry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jagdish Khattar - Carnation Auto|url=https://www.indiamart.com/carnationautoindialtd/team-manpower.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=www.indiamart.com}}</ref> In addition, some of his managerial awards included:
*Ernst and Young – Manager Entrepreneur of the Year 2003<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khanna|first=Sundeep|date=26 April 2021|title=Jagdish Khattar's contribution to Maruti was invaluable but his legacy checkered|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/people/jagdish-khattar-s-contribution-to-maruti-was-invaluable-but-his-legacy-is-checkered-11619428902961.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
* National HRD Network – Pathfinder CEO of the Year 2006<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Jagdish Khattar - Carnation India|url=https://www.indiamart.com/carnationautoindialtd/aboutus.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=www.indiamart.com}}</ref>
* CNBC – Auto Car Man of the Year 2008<ref name=":4" />
* NDTV Profit – Auto Man of the Year 2008<ref name=":4" />
* J.D. Power & Associates – Founder's Award 2008<ref name=":4" />

==Industry and government assignments ==
*President, Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Malyaban|date=26 April 2021|title=Jagdish Khattar transformed Maruti and India's auto industry|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/jagdish-khattar-a-man-who-transformed-maruti-and-indian-automotive-industry-11619451990794.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
* President, Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)<ref>{{Cite web|title=ACMA - Automotive Mission Plan|url=https://www.acma.in/uploads/doc/Automotive%20Mission%20Plan%202006%202016.pdf}}</ref>
* Member of Empowered Committee on National Automotive Testing and R & D Infrastructure (NATRIP)<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIAM - Annual Report|url=https://www.siam.in/uploads/ar/8-8thAnnualReport2005-2006.PDF}}</ref>
* Member, Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority for the National Capital Region set up by the Supreme Court of India<ref>{{Cite web|title=EPCA Reconstitution|url=https://epca.org.in/IA-for-the-re-constitution-of-the-EPCA.pdf}}</ref>
* Member of the Committee constituted by Ministry of Defence, Government of India, to look into streamlining of systems for procurement of specific items<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kelkar Committee Report|url=https://www.geod.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Kelkar-Committee-submits-report-on-defence-acquisition.pdf}}</ref>
* Chairman, sub-committee for restructuring of Defence undertakings & ordnance factories.<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=8386 Kelkar Committee submits report on defence acquisition]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khattar, Jagdish}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Suzuki people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Delhi]]

Sanjay Gram railway station

2024-07-29T03:01:18Z

TeganJ7136381: content fix

{{short description|Railway station in Bihar}}{{Infobox station
| name = Sanjay Gram railway station
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Passenger train]] station
| image =
| caption =
| address = Kanaila, Wankar, Sanjay Gram, [[Katihar district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.706241|N|87.890377|E|format=dms}}
| elevation = {{cvt|34|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| line = [[Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 2
| other =
| accessible =
| parking =
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SJGM
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Katihar}}
}}
| status = Active
| closed =
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company]]
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Eastern Railway zone|left=Sudhani|right=Barsoi Junction|type=[[Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line]]}}
| map_locator =
}}
{{Katihar–Siliguri line|collapse=y|}}

'''Sanjay Gram railway station''' is a railway station on [[Katihar–Siliguri line|Katihar–Siliguri branch]] of [[Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line]] in the [[Katihar railway division]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]. It is situated at Kanaila, Wankar, Sanjay Gram of [[Katihar district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/sanjay-gram-sjgm-station|title=Sanjay Gram Railway Station (SJGM) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|publisher=NDTV|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/sanjay-gram-sjgm/9073|title=Sanjay Gram Railway Station Map/Atlas NFR/Northeast Frontier Zone – Railway Enquiry|last=M|first=Yash|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Katihar district]]
[[Category:Katihar railway division]]

{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Government College, Jirapur

2024-02-14T11:59:17Z

TeganJ7136381: Adding some data from scratch

{{Short description|College in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox School
|name = Government College, Zirapur
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
|established = 1989
|type =
|affiliation =[[Barkatullah University]]
|location = [[Jirapur]], Madhya Pradesh
|country = India
|website = {{URL|http://www.mpcolleges.nic.in/gdcjeerapur/}}
}}

'''Government College, Zirapur''' is a [[degree college]] in [[Jirapur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] affiliated to [[Barkatullah University]], [[Bhopal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpcolleges.nic.in/gdcjeerapur |title=Welcome to Govt College Zirapur MP |publisher=Mpcolleges.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpcolleges.nic.in/gdcjeerapur/ssr_Govt_College_Zirapur_Naac_2015-16.pdf|title=ssr_Govt_College_Zirapur_Naac_2015-16.pdf |publisher= |date= |accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref>

==Courses==
Following courses are available,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpcolleges.nic.in/gdcjeerapur/subject.html |title=Subjects |publisher=Mpcolleges.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref>
* B.A.
:Affiliated to: Barkatullah University, Bhopal
:Duration: 3 Years
* B.Com.
:Affiliated to: Barkatullah University, Bhopal
:Duration: 3 Years
* B.Sc. Science
:Affiliated to: Barkatullah University, Bhopal
:Duration: 3 Years
* M.A. Economics
:Affiliated to: Barkatullah University, Bhopal
:Duration: 2 Years
* M.A. Political Science
:Affiliated to: Barkatullah University, Bhopal
:Duration: 2 Years

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Government universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajgarh district]]

Allahabad Police

2024-01-13T13:24:51Z

TeganJ7136381: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Uttar Pradesh Police]] {{R from related topic}}

Kizhakken Muthoor

2024-01-01T07:22:18Z

TeganJ7136381: starting a data with sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kizhakken Muthoor
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| temple =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1304
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 689103
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0469
| registration_plate = KL-27
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Pathanamthitta
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kizhakken Muthoor''' is a [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|ward]] of [[Thiruvalla]], [[Kerala]], located approximately 1.3 kilometres north of the town centre It falls within the boundaries of the [[Kuttappuzha]] pincode (689103).<ref>https://pincode.net.in/KERALA/PATHANAMTHITTA/K/KUTTAPUZHA</ref>

==Government==
Kizhakken Muthoor falls under the jurisdiction of Thiruvalla municipality. It is registered as Ward number 4, with a [[Reservation in India|general reservation]]. The ward councilor is Thomas Vanchipalam, elected from the [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M) party]].<ref>https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2020/179</ref>

==Geography==
Kizhakken Muthoor has an average elevation of 39m above sea level. Low-lying paddy fields lie on its eastern side, along the border with [[Kottayam District]].

==Demographics==
The ward has a population of 1304 persons as of the 2011 census.<ref>https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/803303-thiruvalla-kerala.html#:~:text=Thiruvalla%20Town%20Population%20Census%202011%20%2D%202023&text=The%20Thiruvalla%20city%20is%20divided,released%20by%20Census%20India%202011.</ref> Most of the population are [[Malayali]], and speak [[Malayalam]] and [[English language|English]]. The area is also home to a sizeable community of [[Migrant labourers in Kerala|migrant labourers]], most of whom are [[Bengalis]], [[Oriyas]], or [[Assamese people|Oxomiya]] (Assamese).

==Culture==
'''Religious Places:'''

*St. Paul's Marthoma church
*[http://sfckuttapuzha.blogspot.in/ Sharon Fellowship Church KUTTAPUZHA]
*Padapad Temple
*Pallikulagara Temple
*Muthoor Bhadrakali Temple
*Brethren Church
*[[Believers Church]]
*IPC Bethel Worship Centre
*Chumathra Brethren Assembly

==Education==
'''Schools & Colleges:'''
*Government Lower Primary School, Muthoor
*NSS High School, Muthoor
*Thiruvalla [[Mar Thoma College]]
*Joys Tutorials College
*MTLP School
*Mar Thoma Residential School
*SDA Higher Secondary School
*Believers Church School
*Jacobite Syrian Christian School
*Balavihar
*Christ Central School

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Pathanamthitta district}}
{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Villages in Pathanamthitta district]]

{{Pathanamthitta-geo-stub}}

List of Schools and Colleges in Sambalpur

2023-06-01T23:59:22Z

TeganJ7136381: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}

'''Sambalpur District''' is a district in the western part of state of [[Orissa, India]]. The historic city of [[Sambalpur]] is the district headquarters. The district is located in the [[Mahanadi River]] basin. It has a total area of 6,702 square kilometers, of which almost 60% is covered in dense forest. The district is bounded by [[Deogarh District]] to the east, [[Bargarh District|Bargarh]] and [[Jharsuguda District|Jharsuguda]] districts to the west, [[Sundergarh District]] to the north, and [[Subarnapur District|Subarnapur]] and [[Angul District|Angul]] districts in the south.

==Literacy==
In 2011 the literacy rate of the district was 76.91%. The male literacy rate was 85.17% and female literacy rate 68.47%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/census2011_paper1_states.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 - (India/States/UTs)|website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

==Education system==
The education system in rural areas is government operated. Government runs primary, high and secondary schools. In urban areas the system is a mix of government and private operated schools. There are colleges for higher education both in rural and urban areas but most of them are located in urban or semi-urban places.
This is a list of [[School|educational organizations]] in [[Sambalpur district]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cesorissa.org/NGC/District_wise_Eco-club_list/Sambalpur.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2011-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912033911/http://www.cesorissa.org/NGC/District_wise_Eco-club_list/Sambalpur.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==List of schools and colleges==
{| class="wikitable"
!Sl.No
!Schools Name
|-
|1
|Pindapathar UGUP School
|-
|2
|Lad UGUP School
|-
|3
|Gulujipali UGUP School, Gulujipali
|-
|4
|Lassa UGUP School
|-
|5
|Mahulpali TOUP School
|-
|6
|Gurla TOUP School
|-
|7
|Mahulchhapal TOUP School
|-
|8
|Bauriguda TOUP School
|-
|9
|Fasimal TOUP School
|-
|10
|Boxma TOUP School
|-
|11
|Kuchinda Govt High School
|-
|12
|Paruabhadi High School
|-
|13
|Kusumi High School
|-
|14
|Fashimal High School
|-
|15
|Jamankira High School
|-
|16
|Sendpathar T R W High School
|-
|17
|Kuchinda Girls High School
|-
|18
|Bamra High School
|-
|19
|Garposh High School
|-
|20
|Bhojpur Girls High School
|-
|21
|Bamra TF College
|-
|22
|Kuntra GPR College
|-
|23
|Kuchinda College
|-
|24
|Sagara UGUP School
|-
|25
|Ardabahal SSD Govt Girls' High School
|-
|26
|Jamankira College, Jamankira
|-
|27
|DB HS, Guchhara
|-
|28
|Bhojpur Girls' High School
|-
|29
|Rangiatikira Govt High School
|-
|30
|Kutarimal PHigh School Kutarimal
|-
|31
|Kechhupani SPS High School
|-
|32
|Mundhenpali IGA High School Mundhenpali
|-
|33
|Kenadhipa P High School, Kenadhipa
|-
|34
|Subanpali High School
|-
|35
|Kuturachuan High School
|-
|36
|Jarabaga High School
|-
|37
|Bankey Shibabilash High School
|-
|38
|Tainsar TP High School
|-
|39
|Mahulapali High School
|-
|40
|Hadipali GP High School Hadipali
|-
|41
|Tikilipada High School
|-
|42
|Gunduruchuan Padmanav Govt High School
|-
|43
|Kuludi VS High School
|-
|44
|Bamra Bhagirathi Bidyalaya
|-
|45
|G C High School, Rairakhol
|-
|46
|Charmal High School, Charmal
|-
|47
|Kadaligarh High School, kadaligarh
|-
|48
|Tribanpur High School, Tribanpur
|-
|49
|P M High School, J N Prasad
|-
|50
|Sarapali High School, Sarapali
|-
|51
|Daincha High School, Daincha
|-
|52
|Panchakhunda High School, Kadobahali
|-
|53
|Girish Chandrapur High School
|-
|54
|Harijanpara Primary School, Rairakhol
|-
|55
|Rampur Sadar P S Rairakhol
|-
|56
|Charmal Pry School
|-
|57
|Batgaon Primary School, Naktideul
|-
|58
|Gogua Primary School, Naktideul
|-
|59
|Smilipal UGUP School, Naktidoul
|-
|60
|Hintasara UGUP School, Naktidoul
|-
|61
|Luhapank TOME School
|-
|62
|Badmal Toop School, Rairkhol
|-
|63
|Gargadbahal UGUP School, Rairkhol
|-
|64
|Brahamnipalli UGUP School
|-
|65
|Bhimabhoi College, Rairakhol
|-
|66
|Nakttidual College
|-
|67
|Batgaon College, Batgaon
|-
|68
|Jai jagganath College, R Badmal
|-
|69
|Kisinda College, Kisinda
|-
|70
|Loknath Baba High School Gargarhbhal
|-
|71
|Gogua High School Gogua
|-
|72
|Barbank High School Barbank
|-
|73
|Jaganath High School Badmal
|-
|74
|Ghosramal High School
|-
|75
|Kisinda High School
|-
|76
|Kadaligarh Pry School
|-
|77
|Govt High School Mochibahai
|-
|78
|Saledhip High School Saledhip
|-
|79
|Dhama High School
|-
|80
|Maneswar High School
|-
|81
|Parmanpur High School
|-
|82
|Janardan Pujari Govt High School, Sindurpank
|-
|83
|Jujumura High School
|-
|84
|Padhanpali High School
|-
|85
|KGMN High School
|-
|86
|Giripali Upgraded High School
|-
|87
|Panchyat High School, Cosala
|-
|88
|Chhiplima High School
|-
|89
|Sasan High School
|-
|90
|Government Boys' High School, Burla
|-
|91
|Government Boys' High School, Hirakud
|-
|92
|Lady Lewis Girls' High School
|-
|93
|Town High School, Sambalpur
|-
|94
|Novodayas Bidyalaya Gosala
|-
|95
|[[St Joseph's Convent Higher Secondary School, Sambalpur]]
|-
|96
|Mahulpali UGME School
|-
|97
|Central School, Sambalpur
|-
|98
|Gambharipank UGME School
|-
|99
|University Campus UGME School
|-
|100
|Batemura ME School
|-
|101
|Mahamaadpur UGME School
|-
|102
|Kudmahada UGMR School
|-
|103
|Deogoan UGME School
|-
|104
|Kobrapali ME Schooli
|-
|105
|Dangerpada Nodal UP School
|-
|106
|Bhandarimal UGME School
|-
|107
|Nua Adhapada UGME School
|-
|108
|Central School Sambalpur
|-
|109
|Aurobindo School Pradhanpalli
|-
|110
|Kankhinda ME School
|-
|111
|MaaJhadeswari College Dhama
|-
|112
|Themera High School
|-
|113
|J K Sahu College Parmanpur
|-
|114
|Madanabati Public School
|-
|115
|Surajmal College, Rengali
|-
|116
|Ramkali Devi Trust Higher Secondary School
|-
|117
|Govt Women's College, Sambalpur
|-
|118
|NSCB College Dhanupalli Sambalpur
|-
|119
|G M Junior College, Sambalpur
|-
|120
|CSB Zilla School, Sambalpur
|-
|121
|Jaya Durga College Padiabahal
|-
|122
|Municipal Girls' High School Sambalpur
|-
|123
|Govt Nodal ME School Dhama
|-
|124
|Mura High School
|-
|125
|M Gunderpur High School
|-
|126
|Talab High School, Talab
|-
|127
|Sumati Behera High School, Chaurpur
|-
|128
|UPS High School Chhamunda
|-
|129
|CS Colony High School
|-
|130
|Sahaspur High School
|-
|131
|Baham Adivasi High School
|-
|132
|Lapanaga High School
|-
|133
|V S S High School Kabrapall
|-
|134
|Govt Girls' HS, Balibandha Sambalpur
|-
|135
|Temperkela Anchalik High School
|-
|136
|DPA High School Rengoloi
|-
|137
|Katarbanga High School
|-
|138
|Budharaja High School
|-
|139
|SDS Municipal Girls High School
|-
|140
|Anchalik High School Tabala
|-
|141
|BM Pattnaik ME School Sambalpur
|-
|142
|JK High School Kinaloi
|-
|143
|Samal Swari College
|-
|144
|BVSS High School Kinaloi
|-
|145
|UG High School Garmunda
|-
|146
|[[UG Govt High School Keshapali]]
|-
|147
|Deogaon High School
|-
|148
|Laida High School
|-
|149
|Gurunanak Public School sbp
|-
|150
|Saraswati Sisu Mandir
|-
|151
|Kilasama UG High School
|-
|152
|A Kantapali High School
|-
|153
|Kainsir High School
|-
|154
|GN High School Batemura
|-
|155
|Parmanpur Girls' High School
|-
|156
|VSS High School Bargaon
|-
|157
|A Girls High School Mirgamunda
|-
|158
|Keshpali UG High School
|-
|159
|Badsahir High School
|-
|160
|A High School Dangarpada
|-
|161
|N Barangamal GP High School Kulsar
|-
|162
|J N High School JHankarpali
|-
|163
|Kansar GP High School
|-
|164
|JUjumara Girls High School
|-
|165
|Govt Deaf & Dumb High School, Burla
|-
|166
|Jyoti Vihar High School Burla
|-
|167
|[http://davburla in/ DAV Public School Burla]
|-
|168
|Govt Girls High School Hirakud
|-
|169
|Hindi High School Sambalpur
|-
|170
|Shree Ganesh Girls' High School, Dhanupali
|-
|171
|Khetarajpur High School Sambalpur
|-
|172
|Police High School, Sambalpur
|-
|173
|SB High School Gopalpali
|-
|174
|Saraswati Vidya Mandir Dhanupali
|-
|175
|Balika Vidyalaya Khetrajpur
|-
|176
|Morden Public School Sonapali
|-
|177
|RD High School Naktideul
|-
|178
|NN High School Luhapank
|-
|179
|AB High School Basajal
|-
|180
|NR high School Rengali
|-
|181
|Dhdropani High School,Rengali
|-
|182
|CGK High School Jhankarpali
|-
|183
|Rengali Girls High School
|-
|184
|PHS Ramchandranagar High School Rengali
|-
|185
|Laida Girls High School REngali
|-
|186
|Pindapathar P High School Kuchinda
|-
|187
|Bauriguda P High School, Kuchinda
|-
|188
|Boxma High School Kuchinda
|-
|189
|S A I School Kindra, Kuchinda
|-
|190
|Kharsalmal High School Jamenkira
|-
|191
|BD High School Badrama
|-
|192
|Women's College Kuchinda
|-
|193
|Parbati Giri College Mahulpali
|-
|194
|Saraswati MV College Rairkhol
|-
|195
|VSS Institute of Science Dhankauda
|-
|196
|Women's College Kuchinda
|-
|197
|NAC College Burla
|-
|198
|Hirakud College Hirakud
|-
|199
|Officers Colony PRY School Burla
|-
|200
|Golgunda Pry School Burla
|-
|201
|Mhatabnagar Pry School Burla
|-
|202
|Goudapali Pry School
|-
|203
|Central Line Pry School Burla
|-
|204
|A Kantapali Pry School
|-
|205
|Kirba UP School
|-
|206
|Sadeipali UGME School
|-
|207
|Dhankauda Pry School
|-
|208
|Sason Pry School
|-
|209
|Kinsir Pry School
|-
|210
|Padhanpali Pry School
|-
|211
|Sagunpali Pry school
|-
|212
|Pitapali Pry School
|-
|213
|Bhalubahal Pry School
|-
|214
|Chhatrguda Pry School
|-
|215
|Debeipali Pry School
|-
|216
|Jogipali Pry School
|-
|217
|Sankarma Pry School
|-
|218
|Churpur Pry School
|-
|219
|Mundoghat Pry School
|-
|220
|Larpank Pry School
|-
|221
|Silipathar, Pry School
|-
|222
|Hirakud UGUP School
|-
|223
|Huma Pry School
|-
|224
|Chhachanpali, Pry School
|-
|225
|Sahaspur Pry School
|-
|226
|Naxapali, Pry School
|-
|227
|Gambharkata, Pry School
|-
|228
|Takba UGME School
|-
|229
|Sindhurpank, Pry School
|-
|230
|Tumesinga, Pry School
|-
|231
|Kulta Nuapali UGME School
|-
|232
|New balaranga, Pry School
|-
|233
|M Subanpur, Pry School
|-
|234
|Rasanpur, Pry School
|-
|235
|Pilakandeipada NP School
|-
|236
|Putibandh UGME School
|-
|237
|Ainthapali, Pry School
|-
|238
|Brooks Hill, Pry School
|-
|239
|Remed, Pry School
|-
|240
|Bhatra UGME School
|-
|241
|Ashapali UGUP School
|-
|242
|Dhanupali UGUP School
|-
|243
|Bhoipali Pry School
|-
|244
|Mundher, Pry School
|-
|245
|Hero, Pry School
|-
|246
|Ghnupali Pry School
|-
|247
|Jhankarpali NU Pry School
|-
|248
|Jayantpur ME School
|-
|249
|Khairpali Pry School
|-
|250
|Patuabahal Pry School
|}

==References==

{{Reflist}}
{{Universities in Odisha}}
{{Department of Higher Education, Odisha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Education In Sambalpur District}}
[[Category:Education in Sambalpur district| ]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Sambalpur]]

Mughal Era

2017-06-07T12:30:30Z

TeganJ7136381: Creating initial post & citations!

#REDIRECT [[Mughal Empire]]

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Loktak lake

2017-06-07T07:12:47Z

TeganJ7136381: quick update

#REDIRECT [[Loktak Lake]]

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