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Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-08T16:49:24Z

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{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Medinipur {{Small|WB-34}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/West Bengal/Medinipur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Medinipur Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mp = [[June Malia]]
| incumbent_image = June Malia.jpg
| party = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| assembly_cons = [[Egra Assembly constituency|Egra]] [[Dantan Assembly constituency|Dantan]] [[Keshiary Assembly constituency|Keshiary]] [[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Sadar]] [[Narayangarh Assembly constituency|Narayangarh]] [[Kharagpur Assembly constituency|Kharagpur]] [[Medinipur Assembly constituency|Medinipur]]
| electors = 18,11,243<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/grfYnWoV4R.pdf | title=Voter turnout of 62.2% recorded in phase-5 of General Elections 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524040654/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/grfYnWoV4R.pdf | archive-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
}}

'''Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency''' (formerly, '''Midnapore''' Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 543 [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies in [[India]]. The constituency centres on [[Midnapore]] in [[West Bengal]]. Six of the seven assembly segments of No. 34 Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency are in [[Paschim Medinipur district]] and one is in [[Purba Medinipur district]].

==Assembly segments==
[[File:Westbengalen Wahlkreise Lok Sabha.svg|thumb|350 px|right|'''Parliamentary constituencies in West Bengal''' - 1. Cooch Behar, 2. Alipurduars, 3. Jalpaiguri, 4. Darjeeling, 5. Raiganj, 6. Balurghat, 7. Maldaha Uttar, 8. Maldaha Dakshin, 9. Jangipur, 10. Baharampur, 11. Murshidabad, 12. Krishnanagar, 13. Ranaghat, 14. Bangaon, 15. Barrackpore, 16. Dum Dum, 17. Barasat, 18. Basirhat, 19. Jaynagar, 20. Mathurapur, 21. Diamond Harbour, 22. Jadavpur, 23. Kolkata Dakshin, 24. Kolkata Uttar, 25. Howrah, 26. Uluberia, 27. Serampore, 28. Hooghly, 29. Arambagh, 30. Tamluk, 31, Kanthi, 32. Ghatal, 33. Jhargram, 34. '''Medinipur''', 35. Purulia, 36. Bankura, 37. Bishnupur, 38. Bardhaman Purba, 39. Bardhaman Durgapur, 40. Asansol, 41. Bolpur, 42. Birbhum]]

As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] issued in 2006 in respect of the [[delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 34 Medinipur is composed of the following segments:<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2009-05-27 | work = Table B – Extent of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher =Government of West Bengal}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|218
|[[Egra Assembly constituency|Egra]]
|[[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
|[[Dibyendu Adhikari]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 219
|[[Dantan Assembly constituency|Dantan]]
|rowspan=6|[[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
|Ajit Kumar Jana
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|223
|[[Keshiary Assembly constituency|Keshiary]] (ST)
|[[Bhadra Hemram]]
|-
|224
|[[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Sadar]]
|[[Dilip Ghosh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|225
|[[Narayangarh Assembly constituency|Narayangarh]]
|Rama Prasad Giri
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|228
|[[Kharagpur Assembly constituency|Kharagpur]]
|[[Dinen Roy]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|236
|[[Medinipur Assembly constituency|Medinipur]]
|Sankar Guchhait
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

Prior to delimitation, Midnapore Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 2010-10-01 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>[[Patashpur Assembly constituency|Patashpur]] (assembly constituency no. 215), [[Medinipur Assembly constituency|Midnapore]] (assembly constituency no. 223), [[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Town]] (assembly constituency no. 224), [[Kharagpur Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Rural]] (assembly constituency no. 225), [[Keshiary Assembly constituency|Keshiari (ST)]] (assembly constituency no. 226), [[Narayangarh Assembly constituency|Narayangarh]] (assembly constituency no. 227) and
[[Dantan Assembly constituency|Dantan]] (assembly constituency no. 228)

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lok Sabha!!Duration!!Name of M.P.!!colspan=2|Party Affiliation
|-
|rowspan=3|[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]||rowspan=2|1952-57||Tudu Bharat Lal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name=loksabha1952>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title=General Elections, India, 1951- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191615/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |archive-date=8 October 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Durga Charan Banerjee]]||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<ref name=loksabha1952/>
|-
|1952-57^||[[Subodh Chandra Hansda]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1951-election-results.html | title=1951 India General (1st Lok Sabha) Elections Results }}</ref> ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}
|-
|colspan=5 align=center|''Constituency renamed from Midnapore-Jhargram to Midnapore''
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]||rowspan=2|1957-62||[[Narasingha Malla Deb|Narasingha Malla Ugal Sanda Deb]]<ref name=loksabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1957- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014}}</ref>||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|Subodh Hansda<ref name=loksabha1957/>
|-
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]||1962-67||Gobinda Kumar Singhu<ref name=loksabha1962>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]||1967-69||Sachindra Nath Maity||{{Full party name with color|Bangla Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name="loksabha1967">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=4&tab=11|title=Members Biographical Sketches, Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission|work=West Bengal|access-date=2 June 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1969-71^
|[[V. K. Krishna Menon]]
|-
|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]] ||1971-77||[[Subodh Chandra Hansda]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name=loksabha1971>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title=General Elections, India, 1971 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]||1977-80||[[Sudhir Kumar Ghosal]]||{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<ref name=loksabha1977>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |title=General Elections, 1977 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]||1980-84||rowspan=2|[[Narayan Choubey]]||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=9}}<ref name=loksabha1980>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |title=General Elections, 1980 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1984>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title=General Elections, 1984 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]||1984-89
|-
| [[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]||1989-91||rowspan=5|[[Indrajit Gupta]]<ref name=loksabha1989>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |title=General Elections, 1989 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1991>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |title=General Elections, 1991 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf |title = General Elections, 1996 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1998>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=General Elections, 1998 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha1999>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=General Elections, 1999 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| [[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]||1991-96
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]||1996-98
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]||1998-99
|-
| rowspan=2|[[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]||1999-01
|-
|2001-04^||rowspan=2|[[Prabodh Panda]]<ref name=loksabha2001byeelection>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/parliamentaryconstituencies/westbengal/medinipur.html |title = Medinipur Parliamentary Constituency - Map and Electoral Results |work = List of winning MP and Runner-up from 1957 to till date from Medinipur Parliamentary Constituency | publisher = Maps of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha2004>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |title = General Elections, 2004 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]||2004-09
|-
|colspan=5 align=center|''Constituency renamed from Midnapore to Medinipur''
|-
|[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]||2009-14||[[Prabodh Panda]]<ref name=loksabha2009>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title = General Elections, 2009 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref>||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]||2014-2019||[[Sandhya Roy]]||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<ref name=loksabha2014>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf |title = General Elections 2014 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 19 June 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]||2019-2024||[[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]] ||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<ref name=loksabha2019>{{cite web |url = http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS2534.htm?ac=34 |title = General Elections 2019 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 26 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190622134503/http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS2534.htm?ac=34 |archive-date = 22 June 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[18th Lok Sabha|Eighteenth]]||2024-''Incumbent''||[[June Malia]] ||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|}

^By poll

==Election results==
===General election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Medinipur]]<ref name="Medinipur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Medinipur Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/medinipur |access-date=22 July 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722133210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/medinipur |archive-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Medinipur">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Medinipur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2534.htm |access-date=22 July 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722133206/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2534.htm |archive-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[June Malia]]|votes=7,02,192|percentage=47.40|change={{increase}}5.09}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Agnimitra Paul]]|votes=675,001|percentage=45.56|change={{decrease}}3.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Biplab Bhatta|votes=57,785|percentage=3.90|change={{decrease}}0.52}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=12,424|percentage=0.84|change={{decrease}}0.21}}
{{Election box majority||votes=27,191|percentage=1.84|change={{decrease}}4.47}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=14,81,563|percentage=81.80|change={{down}}2.44}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Medinipur]]<ref name=loksabha2019/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 685,433
|percentage = 48.62
|change = +34.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Manas Bhunia]]
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|votes = 596,481
|percentage = 42.31
|change = -4.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Biplab Bhatta
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 62,319
|percentage = 4.42
|change = -26.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sambhunath Chattopadhay
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 20,807
|percentage = 1.48
|change = -2.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = None of the above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 14,758
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 88,952
|percentage = 6.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,410,321
|percentage = 84.24
|change = +0.22
}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = +19.28
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Medinipur]]<ref name=loksabha2014/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sandhya Roy]]
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|votes = 5,81,860
|percentage = 46.50
|change = +3.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Prabodh Panda]]
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 3,95,194
|percentage = 31.36
|change = -15.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prabhakar Tiwari
|votes = 1,80,071
|percentage = 14.26
|change = +9.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dr. Bimal Raj
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 48,914
|percentage = 3.87
|change = ''N/A''
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = None of the above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 13,616
|percentage = 1.08
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,86,666
|percentage = 14.70
|change = +10.04
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 12,60,748
|percentage = 84.02
|change = +1.48
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing = -4.63
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Medinipur]]<ref name=loksabha2009/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Prabodh Panda]]
|votes = 4,93,021
|percentage = 47.29
|change = -5.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Dipak Kumar Ghosh
|votes = 4,45,004
|percentage = 42.68
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pradip Patnaik
|votes = 52,061
|percentage = 4.99
|change = -30.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Asok Kumar Golder
|votes = 12,216
|percentage = 1.17
|change = +0.14
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Sanjay Kumar Mishra
|votes = 11,092
|percentage = 1.06
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Nepal Das
|votes = 10,324
|percentage = 0.99
|change = ''N/A''
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 48,017
|percentage = 4.61
|change = -13.08
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 10,42,496
|percentage = 82.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|swing = -5.54
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: [[Medinipur|Midnapore]]<ref name=loksabha2004/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Prabodh Panda]]
|votes = 480,034
|percentage = 53.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rahul Bishwajit Sinha
|votes = 319,274
|percentage = 35.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Narayan Chandra Paria
|votes = 68,338
|percentage = 7.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Panchanan Pradhan
|votes = 10,243
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Madhumanti Sengupta
|votes = 9,901
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mrityunjoy Chakraborty
|votes = 9,440
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Asit Kumar Khatua
|votes = 7,249
|percentage = 0.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Lalit Kumar Jaiswal
|votes = 4,020
|percentage = 0.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 160,760
|percentage = 17.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 908,499
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election|General Election, 1999]]: [[Medinipur|Midnapore]]<ref name=loksabha1999/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Indrajit Gupta]]
|votes = 446,545
|percentage = 48.60
|change = -4.90
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Manoranjan Dutta
|votes = 385,772
|percentage = 45.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Samir Roy
|votes = 47,013
|percentage = 7.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Akshay Kumar Khan
|votes = 4,512
|percentage = 0.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Mritunjoy Chakraborty
|votes = 650
|percentage = 0.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 60,773
|percentage = 3.3%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 8,62,567
|percentage = 78.5%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

====By-election 2001====
A by-election was held in this constituency in 2001 which was necessitated by the death of sitting MP Indrajit Gupta. In the by-election, [[Prabodh Panda]] of [[Communist Party of India]] defeated his nearest rival Manorajnan Dutta of [[Trinamool Congress]].

{{Election box begin | title=Indian Parliamentary bye election, 2001: Midnapore constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Prabodh Panda]]
|votes = 436,237
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Manoranjan Dutta
|votes = 349,044
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Debasish Chattopadhyay
|votes = 157,543
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Amal Mazumder
|votes = 87,983
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = Bijoy Bandyopadhyay
|votes = 25,114
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Rabikanta Santra
|votes = 5,112
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtravadi Janata Party
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Bera
|votes = 3,871
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 87,193
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 8,77,213
|percentage = 77.1
|change = -6.7
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = +21.27
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election|General Election, 1998]]: [[Medinipur|Midnapore]]<ref name=loksabha1998/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Indrajit Gupta]]
|votes = 452,671
|percentage = 53.50
|change = -2.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Manoranjan Dutta
|votes = 177,152
|percentage = 20.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Nitish Sengupta|Dr. Nitish Sengupta]]
|votes = 131,352
|percentage = 15.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Satish Chandra Jana
|votes = 90,737
|percentage = 10.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Sheikh Abu Bakar
|votes = 3,448
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Party
|candidate = Kalipada Tudu
|votes = 1,702
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Gajen Nayak
|votes = 1,148
|percentage = 0.10
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 2,75,519
|percentage = 31.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 8,74,531
|percentage = 80.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election|General Election, 1996]]: [[Medinipur|Midnapore]]<ref name=loksabha1996/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Indrajit Gupta]]
|votes = 488,569
|percentage = 56.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Debaprasad Roy
|votes = 277,920
|percentage = 32.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Manoranjan Dutta
|votes = 58,751
|percentage = 6.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Sudeb Banprasthi
|votes = 9,290
|percentage = 1.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Naba Kumar Shaw
|votes = 7,828
|percentage = 0.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Dilip Maiti
|votes = 7,286
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Party (Naren)
|candidate = Jatin Pratihar
|votes = 7,008
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Debashish Konar
|votes = 2,313
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Shachin Mahato
|votes = 2,305
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian Union Muslim League
|candidate = Sarif Mollick
|votes = 1,831
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Party
|candidate = Prabhakar Mahato
|votes = 1,721
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samata Party
|candidate = Padma Lochan Roy
|votes = 1,046
|percentage = 0.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Ajit Kumar Maity
|votes = 772
|percentage = 0.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Vivek Kumar Baderia
|votes = 742
|percentage = 0.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Sushil Kumar
|votes = 294
|percentage = 0.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Satyanarayan Kothoyala
|votes = 260
|percentage = 0.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 210,649
|percentage = 23.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 8,89,188
|percentage = 84.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election|General Election, 1991]]: [[Medinipur|Midnapore]]<ref name=loksabha1991/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Indrajit Gupta]]
|votes = 396,281
|percentage = 54.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Birendra Bijoy Malladev
|votes = 232,758
|percentage = 31.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Manoranjan Dutta
|votes = 68,772
|percentage = 9.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Dilip Maity
|votes = 6,372
|percentage = 0.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Party
|candidate = Mirza Ohidur Rahaman
|votes = 5,550
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Padma Lochan Roy
|votes = 4,717
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Party (Naren)
|candidate = Chandra Mohan Hansda
|votes = 4,526
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Satish Chandra Biswas
|votes = 1,852
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Doordarshi Party
|candidate = Satya Naraiyan Kotwala
|votes = 1,335
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Sushil Kumar
|votes = 678
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 163,523
|percentage = 22.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 7,34,499
|percentage = 76.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1951-2004===
Most of the contests were multi-cornered. However, only winners and runners-up are generally mentioned below:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Winner
|
!Runner-up
|-
|
!Candidate
!Party
!Candidate
!Party
|-
|1951*
|[[Durga Charan Banerjee|Durga Charan Bandopahyay]]
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|Atul Chandra Basu
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|
|
|
|Bishnupada Hazra
|[[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]]<ref name=loksabha1952/>
|-
|
|Bharat Lal Tudu
|Indian National Congress
|Subodh Hansda
|Kisan Mazoor Praja Party<ref name=loksabha1952/>
|-
|1957*
|Narasingha Malla Ugal Sanda Deb
|Indian National Congress
|Rabindra Nath Mitra
|[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=loksabha1957/>
|-
|
|Subodh Hansda
|Indian National Congress
|Chandra Mohan Saren
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]<ref name=loksabha1957/>
|-
|1962
|Gobinda Kumar Singha
|Indian National Congress
|Saroj Roy
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1962/>
|-
|1967
|Sachindra Nath Maity
|[[Bangla Congress]]
|G.K.Singha
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1967/>
|-
|1969
|[[V. K. Krishna Menon]]
|[[Bangla Congress]] (supported
by Communist-led United Front)
|Krishnadas Roy
|Indian National Congress<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=4&tab=11|title=Members : Lok Sabha|website=164.100.47.194|access-date=2017-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results52-95.xlsx|title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 (Excel File)|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
|-
|1971
|Subodh Chandra Hansda
|Indian National Congress
|Narayan Choubey
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1971/>
|-
|1977
|[[Sudhir Kumar Ghosal]]
|[[Janata Party]]
|Narayan Choubey
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1977/>
|-
|1980
|Narayan Choubey
|Communist Party of India
|Sudhir Kumar Ghosal
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]<ref name =loksabha1980/>
|-
|1984
|Narayan Choubey
|Communist Party of India
|Ajit Kumar Khanra
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1984/>
|-
|1989
|Indrajit Gupta
|Communist Party of India
|Gouri Choubey
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1989/>
|-
|1991
|Indrajit Gupta
|Communist Party of India
|Birendra Bijoy Malladev
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1991/>
|-
|1996
|Indrajit Gupta
|Communist Party of India
|D P Roy
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1996/>
|-
|1998
|Indrajit Gupta
|Communist Party of India
|Manoranjon Dutta
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name=loksabha1998/>
|-
|1999
|Indrajit Gupta
|Communist Party of India
|Manoranjon Dutta
|Bharatiya Janata Party<ref name=loksabha1999/>
|-
|2001
|[[Prabodh Panda]]
|Communist Party of India
|Manoranjon Dutta
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]<ref name=loksabha2001byeelection/>
|-
|2004
|Prabodh Panda
|Communist Party of India
|Rahul (Biswajit) Sinha
|Bharatiya Janata Party<ref name=loksabha2004/>
|-
|}
* In 1951 Midnapore-Jhargram constituency and in 1957 Midnapur constituency, both the constituencies had two seats, with one seat reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Tribes]]. The results here are shown separately.

==See also==
* [[Paschim Medinipur district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/west_bengal/medinipur/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Medinipur lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}

{{coord|22.4|87.3|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Medinipur district]]

Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy

2026-05-08T13:00:41Z

TeenaDease50:

{{Short description|Reserve team and youth system of Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Mohun Bagan Youth
| image = Mohun Bagan Super Giant.svg
| nickname = The Mariners
| short name = MBSG
| founded = {{start date and age|2002|df=yes}}
| ground = [[Mohun Bagan Ground]]
| capacity = 22,000
| owner = RPSG Mohun Bagan Pvt. Ltd.:
* [[RPSG Group]] (80%)
* [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan Football Club (India) Pvt. Ltd.]] (20%)
| chairman = [[Sanjiv Goenka]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = Deggie Cardozo (Reserves)
| league = [[Calcutta Football League|CFL Premier Division]] (Reserves) [[Reliance Foundation Development League|RF Development League]] [[Youth League (India)|AIFF Elite League]]
| season =
| position =
| website =
| pattern_la1 = _mbsg2023h
| pattern_b1 = _mbsg2023h
| pattern_ra1 = _mbsg2024h
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 = _mbsg2023h
| leftarm1 =
| body1 =
| rightarm1 =
| shorts1 = 7A1024
| socks1 =
| pattern_la2 = _mbsg2023a
| pattern_b2 = _mbsg2023a
| pattern_ra2 = _mbsg2023a
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 = _mbsg2023a
| leftarm2 =
| body2 =
| rightarm2 =
| shorts2 =
| socks2 =
| current = 2025–26 Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy season
}}

'''Mohun Bagan SG Under-23s, Under-21s, Under-17s, Under-15s, and Under-13s''' generally known as Mohun Bagan''',''' is the [[reserve team]] and [[youth system]] of the [[Indian Super League]] side [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]. The U-21 and the reserve teams are generally referred to as last stage of progression into the senior squad. The reserve team participates in the [[Calcutta Football League]]. Youth teams also participate in the [[Reliance Foundation Development League|RF Development League]] and the [[Youth League (India)|AIFF Elite League]]. The concept for a youth team was conceived and materialised under the leadership of [[Balaidas Chatterjee|Balai Das Chattopadhyay]] in 1944.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Mohun Bagan – Presented by MohunBaganClub.com: 1940–1949|url=http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1940-1949/|publisher=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club|date=2014|access-date=26 July 2019|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930004054/http://www.mohunbaganclub.com/history/history-1940-1949/|archive-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>

==History==
Mohun Bagan collaborated with [[Steel Authority of India|Steel Authority of India {{Abbr|Ltd.|Limited}}]] (SAIL) to establish a residential academy for youth development in 2002. On 20 July 2002 '''Mohun Bagan SAIL Football Academy''' was set up in [[Durgapur]], and the primary objective of the academy was "Spot and Groom the Youth", with the best of training using modern techniques, tactics, physical and psychological conditioning, and related inputs, so that in near future, India could see them in the national platform.

In 2007 the club had appointed a famous Brazilian football expert {{Abbr|Prof.|Professor}} Luiz Greco, as the Technical Director of the youth teams of Mohun Bagan SAIL Football Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gokulam Kerala FC's future mission gets Brazilian boost|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2018/mar/21/gokulam-kerala-fcs-future-mission-gets-brazilian-boost-1790298.html|access-date=2021-01-30|website=The New Indian Express|date=21 March 2018 |archive-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028200259/http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2018/mar/21/gokulam-kerala-fcs-future-mission-gets-brazilian-boost-1790298.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The academy teams won various trophies across the country. The academy's greatest feat was achieved in 2006 when the club's U14 team qualified for the Final Round of [[Manchester United Premier Cup|Nike Premier Cup (Under-14)]], a worldwide club tournament hosted by [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], by beating [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal]] in the National Qualifier and [[Singapore Sports School]] in the final of South-East Asia Qualifier. Till then no Indian team had ever participated at the premier level since independence.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-08-04|title=Mohun Bagan to take on Man United!|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/mohun-bagan-to-take-on-man-united/story-LRPCJdHm68qmfmRxTuLFnI.html|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114080438/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/mohun-bagan-to-take-on-man-united/story-LRPCJdHm68qmfmRxTuLFnI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The team faced some of the top clubs like [[Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy|Manchester United]], [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]], [[Athletic Bilbao cantera|Athletic Bilbao]] and [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencvárosi]] in the group stage and, [[R.W.D.M. Brussels F.C.|Brussels]] and [[Club Deportivo Universidad Católica|Universidad Católica]] in the 17-20th place play-offs semi-finals and 19th place play-off final respectively. Unfortunately the team didn't win any match and ranked 20th in the tournament among the 20 qualified teams over the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nike Premier Cup World 2006|url=http://www.footjuniors.com/NPC/World_Final_06.html|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.footjuniors.com|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920161629/http://www.footjuniors.com/NPC/World_Final_06.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

From 2015 to 2018 the U-19 team participated in the prestigious [[IFA Shield]], which was organised as an U-19 tournament due to the busy schedules of the clubs' senior teams. Mohun Bagan was the runners-up for two consecutive seasons, [[2017 IFA Shield|2017]] and [[2018 IFA Shield|2018]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFA Shield 2017: Gani Ahmed Nigam stars as FC Pune City defeat Mohun Bagan in final {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-om/news/fc-pune-city-u-19-team-win-ifa-shield-2017-defeat-mohun-bagan-in-/gc3t1oqhtez1gbtce6rfcqgm|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205045548/https://www.goal.com/en-om/news/fc-pune-city-u-19-team-win-ifa-shield-2017-defeat-mohun-bagan-in-/gc3t1oqhtez1gbtce6rfcqgm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=East Bengal beat Mohun Bagan 4-2 to lift U-19 IFA Shield – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/east-bengal-beat-mohun-bagan-4-2-to-lift-u-19-ifa-shield/articleshow/65058554.cms|access-date=2021-01-30|website=The Times of India|date=19 July 2018 |language=en|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810221703/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/east-bengal-beat-mohun-bagan-4-2-to-lift-u-19-ifa-shield/articleshow/65058554.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017 the U-15 team defeated [[ATK Reserves And Academy|ATK]] by a record 13–0 scoreline in the opening match of [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] U15 Youth League.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AIFF U-15 Youth League: Mohun Bagan rout ATK 13-0 {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/aiff-u15-youth-league-mohun-bagan-atk-13-0/vp9zrtedmi8e1w80knws4w79b|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205013445/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/aiff-u15-youth-league-mohun-bagan-atk-13-0/vp9zrtedmi8e1w80knws4w79b|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019 the U-19 team also participated in a regional franchise-based Talent Hunt league called [[Zee Bangla]] Football League that featured the top 4 clubs of [[West Bengal]] (Mohun Bagan, [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal]], [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] and [[Aryan FC|Aryan]]) along with 16 franchise teams representing various districts of the state.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-26|title=Zee Bangla Football League to be held from May 26 to June 23!|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/zee-bangla-football-league-to-be-held-from-may-26-to-june-23/|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Arunava about Football|language=en-GB|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209161614/https://www.arunfoot.com/zee-bangla-football-league-to-be-held-from-may-26-to-june-23/|url-status=live}}</ref> The organisers declared both Mohun Bagan and East Bengal as the winners after the final match was abandoned due to fan unrest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Bangla Football League: The farce that was the East Bengal vs Mohun Bagan U-19 final {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/zee-bangla-football-league-east-bengal-mohun-bagan/146mtw0111fo31u1o4jq6iw9iz|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.goal.com|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204101808/https://www.goal.com/en/news/zee-bangla-football-league-east-bengal-mohun-bagan/146mtw0111fo31u1o4jq6iw9iz|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, after KGSPL, owners of [[ATK (football club)|ATK FC]], disbanded ATK and acquired an 80% stake in the footballing section of Mohun Bagan, the youth academy team was disbanded for the next two seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2020|title=RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group acquires majority stake in Mohun Bagan Football Club (India) Private Limited|url=https://themohunbaganac.com/rp-sanjiv-goenka-group-acquires-majority-stake-in-mohun-bagan-football-club-india-private-limited/|access-date=15 July 2020|website=Mohun Bagan Athletic Club|language=en-US|archive-date=18 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518145234/https://themohunbaganac.com/rp-sanjiv-goenka-group-acquires-majority-stake-in-mohun-bagan-football-club-india-private-limited/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2022, fresh trials were conducted under senior team head coach [[Juan Ferrando]] to set up new under-13, under-15 and under-18 teams, and [[UEFA]] Pro License holder Spanish coach Josep Maria Roma Gilbert was appointed from [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] to take charge of the U-21 team.<ref>{{cite news |title=Juan Ferrando to scout young players for ATK Mohun Bagan |url=https://theprint.in/sport/juan-ferrando-to-scout-young-players-for-atk-mohun-bagan/1002781/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |publisher=The Print |date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619055347/https://theprint.in/sport/juan-ferrando-to-scout-young-players-for-atk-mohun-bagan/1002781/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhuri |first=Arunava |date=2022-07-13 |title=ATK Mohun Bagan sign Josep Roma Gibert as U-13 & U-15 head coach! |url=https://www.arunfoot.com/atk-mohun-bagan-sign-josep-roma-gibert-as-u-13-u-15-head-coach/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Arunava about Football |language=en-GB |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325043855/https://www.arunfoot.com/atk-mohun-bagan-sign-josep-roma-gibert-as-u-13-u-15-head-coach/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2022–23 U-17 Youth Cup]], the team failed to qualify for the knockout stages. The reserve team of Mohun Bagan participated in the [[Reliance Foundation Development League]] for the first time. This competition is predominantly for the under-21 age group, with five under-23 players allowed in the squad and three in the playing XI.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reliance Foundation Development League (RFDL) |url=https://theawayend.co/reliance-foundation-development-league-rfdl/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=The Away End |language=en-GB |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325045353/https://theawayend.co/reliance-foundation-development-league-rfdl/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They successfully secured a third place and qualified for [[Next Generation Cup|Next Gen Cup]] where they ranked 6th. The reserve side also participated in the [[Calcutta Football League|CFL]] Premier Division under the senior team's assistant coach [[Bastob Roy]] who replaced Gilbert from the new season.

As of the 2024–25 season, the Mohun Bagan Youths team participates in various age group Regional and National level tournaments -

* AIFF Sub Junior League (U13)
* AIFF Junior League (U15)
* Reliance Foundation Youth Sports (U15)
* Indian Youth League (U17)
* Dream Sports Championship (U17)
* Chief Minister's Cup (U21/Reserves)
* Bhadreshwar Gold Cup (U21/Reserves)
* Reliance Foundation Development League (U21/Reserves)
* Calcutta Premiere Division (U23/Reserves)

==U23==
===Squad===
Mohun Bagan squad for the Calcutta Football League 2025.
{{updated|29 June 2025}}
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=61|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Deeprobhat Ghosh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=51|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Nandan Roy|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=91|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Priyansh Dubey|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=70|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Achinta Das|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=78|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Piyush Thakuri|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=96|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Pabitra Mandi|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=65|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Marshal Kisku|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=32|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Aditiya Mondal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Dippendu Biswas|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Sahil Inamdar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=73|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Umer Muhther|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=36|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Muhammad Bilal CV|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=53|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Leewan Castanha|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=77|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Thangjam Roshan Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=44|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Nishar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=74|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Sahil Kar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=56|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Sandeep Malik|other=}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=80|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Mingma Sherpa|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Muhammad Niyaj|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=81|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Thumsol Tongsin |other=}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Tushar Biswakarma|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=50|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Gogocha Chungkham|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=42|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Gurnaj Singh Grewal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Pallujam Rohan Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=55|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Yendrembam Rohit Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=79|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Taibangnganba Pangabam|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=98|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Karan Rai|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=90|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Adil Abdullah|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=43|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Shibam Munda|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Bharat Lairenjam|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=62|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Bivan Jyoti Laskar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=71|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Salahudheen Adnan K|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=72|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Pasang Tamang|other=}}
{{Fs end}}

===Performance record===
{{updated|30 August 2025}}
{|class="wikitable" margin-left:1em;float:center"
|colspan="8"|'''Performance of Mohun Bagan in [[Calcutta Football League]]'''
|-
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Season
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Result
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Played
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Won
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Draw
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Lose
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|GF
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|GA
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2023 CFL Premier Division|2023]]
|style="text-align:center"|'''5th''' of 6 in super six
|style="text-align:center"|15
|style="text-align:center"|8
|style="text-align:center"|3
|style="text-align:center"|4
|style="text-align:center"|33
|style="text-align:center"|16
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[2024–25 CFL Premier Division|2024]]
| style="text-align:center" |'''7th''' of 13 in Group Stage
| style="text-align:center" |12
| style="text-align:center" |4
| style="text-align:center" |4
| style="text-align:center" |4
| style="text-align:center" |28
| style="text-align:center" |15
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[2025 CFL Premier Division|2025]]
|style="text-align:center"|'''6th''' of 13 in Group Stage
| style="text-align:center" |12
| style="text-align:center" |6
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |4
| style="text-align:center" |24
| style="text-align:center" |14
|}

==U21==
=== Squad ===
Mohun Bagan squad for the Reliance Foundation Development League 2025.
{{updated|14 January 2025}}
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Syed Zahid|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=51|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Nandan Roy|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=91|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Priyansh Dubey|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=55|nat=IND|pos=RB|name= Pritam Meetei|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=77|nat=IND|pos=RB|name= [[Ravi Bahadur Rana]]|other=U-23}}
{{Fs player|no=79|nat=IND|pos=LB|name= Jetlee Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=65|nat=IND|pos=LB|name= Marshal Kisku|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=36|nat=IND|pos=LB|name= Amandeep Vrish Bhan |other=}}
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=CB|name= Raj Basfore |other=}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=CB|name= Sahil Inamdar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=73|nat=IND|pos=CB|name= Umer Muhther|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=78|nat=IND|pos=CB|name= Abhishek Mondal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=53|nat=IND|pos=CB|name= Leewan Castanha|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=54|nat=IND|pos=LM|name= Dev Mal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=43|nat=IND|pos=LM|name= Shibam Munda|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=72|nat=IND|pos=LM|name= Pasang Tamang|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=50|nat=IND|pos=RM|name= Taison Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=37|nat=IND|pos=RM|name= Rahul Halder|other=}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=40|nat=IND|pos=RM|name= Haodamlian Vaiphei|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=44|nat=IND|pos=CM|name= Nishar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=74|nat=IND|pos=CM|name= Sahil Kar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=66|nat=IND|pos=CM|name= Sibajit Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=IND|pos=CM|name= [[Ningomba Engson Singh]] |other=U-23}}
{{Fs player|no=56|nat=IND|pos=CM|name= Sandeep Malik|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=81|nat=IND|pos=CM|name= Thumsol Tongsin |other=}}
{{Fs player|no=93|nat=IND|pos=CM|name= Lungoulal Kipgen|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=70|nat=IND|pos=AM|name= Tapan Halder|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=IND|pos=AM|name= Tushar Biswakarma|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Serto Kom|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=90|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Adil Abdullah|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=99|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Prem Hansdak|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Fardin Ali Molla|other=U-23}}
{{Fs player|no=62|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Vian Vinay Murgod|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= [[Suhail Bhat]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=80|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Thangngaisang Haokip|other=}}
{{Fs end}}

===Performance record===
{{updated|23 March 2026}}
{|class="wikitable" margin-left:1em;float:center"
|colspan="7"|'''Performance of Mohun Bagan in [[Reliance Foundation Development League]]'''
|-
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Season
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Result
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Played
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Won
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Draw
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Lose
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Reference
|-
|style="text-align:center; |[[2022 Reliance Foundation Development League|2022]]
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center; | Did not participate
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Seven Hero ISL clubs to join RFYC in inaugural Reliance Foundation Development League from April 15|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/seven-hero-isl-clubs-to-join-rfyc-in-inaugural-reliance-foundation-development-league-from-april-15|date=7 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; |[[2023 Reliance Foundation Development League|2023]]
|style="text-align:center; background:#c96"|'''3rd'''
|style="text-align:center"|15
|style="text-align:center"|10
|style="text-align:center"|3
|style="text-align:center"|2
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=RFYouthSports|author=RF Youth Sports|date=8 May 2023|number=1655549155480317952|url=https://twitter.com/RFYouthSports/status/1655549155480317952|title=3️⃣8️⃣ matches, 1️⃣3️⃣5️⃣ goals & ♾ moments later 4️⃣ teams have made it through |accessdate=17 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2024 Reliance Foundation Development League|2024]]
|style="text-align:center"|''3rd'' of 5 in National Group
|style="text-align:center"|14
|style="text-align:center"|6
|style="text-align:center"|3
|style="text-align:center"|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Reliance Foundation Development League Season 3 to kick off on February 14 |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2024/reliance-foundation-development-league-season-3-to-kick-off-on-february-14/ |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=Football Counter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFDL 3rd season matches kick off in Mizoram |url=https://www.prameyanews.com/rfdl-3rd-season-matches-kick-off-in-mizoram |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=www.prameyanews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[2025 Reliance Foundation Development League|2025]]
| style="text-align:center; background:Gold" |'''Champions'''
| style="text-align:center" |20
| style="text-align:center" |12
| style="text-align:center" |5
| style="text-align:center" |3
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-12 |title=RFDL Season 2024-25: Excitement levels rise as the action begins in multiple Regions |url=https://www.rfyouthsports.com/rfdl/news/rfdl-season-2024-25-excitement-levels-rise-as-the-action-begins-in-multiple-regions |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=RF Youth Sports}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=RFDL 2024-25: Reliance Foundation Development League Season 4 kicks off in Goa |url=https://theawayend.co/2024/11/25/rfdl-2024-25-reliance-foundation-development-league-season-4-kicks-off-goa/ |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=The Away End}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[2025–26 Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy season#U21 Reserves (RFDL)|2026]]
| style="text-align:center;|''4th'' of 6 in National Group
| style="text-align:center" |20
| style="text-align:center" |9
| style="text-align:center" |6
| style="text-align:center" |5
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable" margin-left:1em;float:center"
|colspan="6"|'''Performance of Mohun Bagan in [[Next Generation Cup|Next Gen Cup]]'''
|-
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Season
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Result
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Played
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Won
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Draw
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Lose
|-
|style="text-align:center; |[[Next Generation Cup#2022|2022]]
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center; | Did not participate
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[Next Generation Cup#2023|2023]]
|style="text-align:center"|'''6th'''
|style="text-align:center"|4
|style="text-align:center"|0
|style="text-align:center"|2
|style="text-align:center"|2
|-
|style="text-align:center;|[[Next Generation Cup#2024|2024]]
|colspan=5 style="text-align:center; | Did not qualify
|-
|style="text-align:center"|[[2024–25 Mohun Bagan Super Giant season#U21|2025]]
!colspan=5 style="text-align:center; | Not Held
|-
|}

==U17==
=== Squad ===
Mohun Bagan squad for the AIFF U17 Youth League 2025.
{{updated|5 January 2025}}
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Argho Sarkar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=51|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Nandan Roy|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=99|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Seiminlal Haokip|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Jetlee Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Rupam Barik|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=28|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Adrito Mahato|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Aditya Mondal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=44|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Jayanta Mondal |other=}}
{{Fs player|no=21|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Monu Rajbanshi|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Abhishek Mondal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=40|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Rajdeep Kshetrapal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=26|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Mahammad Sarfaraz|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=29|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Abrar Ali|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Anish Das|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=33|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Rintu Malik|other=}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Bobby Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Sainak Ghosh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Rajib Bauldas|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Aniket Biswas|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=16|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Sabyasachi Dhar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=19|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Ali Hossain Khan|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Stephen Doungle|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Lungoulal Kipgen|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Khaiminlal Khongsai|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=85|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Thangngaisang Haokip|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=86|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Prem Hansdak|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=87|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Sagun Hembram|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=88|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Akash Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=89|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Pritam Gain|other=}}
{{Fs end}}

===Performance record===
{{updated|21 April 2026}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|colspan="7" style="text-align:center|'''Performance of Mohun Bagan in Youth Leagues'''
|-
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Season
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Tournament
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Result
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Reference
|-
|style="text-align:center"|2002–03
|rowspan=5 style="text-align:center"|[[National Football League (Under-19)|NFL U-19]]
|style="text-align:center"|??
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name=u19nfl>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Choudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nflj.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the National Football League (under-19)|work=IndianFootball.de|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=2 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802071920/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nflj.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|2003–04
!''Not Held''
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name=u19nfl/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|2004–05
|style="text-align:center; background:Gold" |'''Champions'''
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name=u19nfl/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|2005–06
! rowspan=2 |''Not Held''
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center"|<ref name=u19nfl/>
|-
|style="text-align:center"|2006–07
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2008 I-League U19|2008]]
|rowspan =4 style="text-align:center|[[I-League U19]]
|style="text-align:center"| ''Semi Finals''
|style="text-align:center"|<ref name=u19il08>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2008-09ilj.html|title=I-League (under-19) 2008/09|work=indianfootball.de|accessdate=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718223024/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2008-09ilj.html|archive-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|2009
!''Not Held''
|
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2010 I-League U19|2010]]
|style="text-align:center|Championship Group Stage
|style="text-align:center|<ref name=u20il2010>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/may7_2010.html#u-19_ileague|title=Sporting Goa win U-19 ONGC I-League title|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711123552/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2010/may7_2010.html|access-date=24 January 2014|website=kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2011 I-League U19|2011]]
|style="text-align:center|Group Stage
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/jct-wins-u19-ileague-title/article2135068.ece|title=JCT wins u-19 I-League title|date=26 June 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=11 August 2022|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812024103/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/jct-wins-u19-ileague-title/article2135068.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2012 I-League U20|2012]]
|rowspan =2 style="text-align:center|[[I-League U19|I-League U20]]
|style="text-align:center|Group Stage
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/tournament/index.php?tournamentdetail=91 |title=The AIFF |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=11 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411200515/http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/tournament/index.php?tournamentdetail=91 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2013 I-League U20|2013]]
|style="text-align:center|'''5th''' of 6th in Final Round
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Under-20 I-League: Defending champs Pune FC in Group-A|url=http://punefc.com/?news=under-20-i-league-defending-champs-pune-fc-in-group-a|work=Pune F.C.|accessdate=10 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2014 I-League U19|2014]]
|rowspan =2 style="text-align:center|[[I-League U19]]
|style="text-align:center|Group Stage
|style="text-align:center|<ref name=u19il2014>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/?p=13213|title=Tata Academy Win U-19 I-League|access-date=29 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429210006/http://i-league.org/?p=13213|archive-date=29 April 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2014-15 I-League U19|2014-15]]
|style="text-align:center|'''6th''' of 8th in Final Round
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/u-19-i-league-kolkata-zone-finalists-confirmed/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118183737/http://i-league.org/u-19-i-league-kolkata-zone-finalists-confirmed/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2015 |title=U-19 I-League Kolkata zone finalists confirmed |date=8 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2015–16 I-League U18|2015–16]]
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center|[[I-League U18|I-League U-18]]
|style="text-align:center|Group Stage
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/u18-news/aiff-elite-academy-triumph-the-inaugural-edition-of-u-18-i-league/|title=AIFF Elite Academy Triumph The Inaugural Edition of U-18 I-League|date=10 February 2016|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130124957/http://i-league.org/u18-news/aiff-elite-academy-triumph-the-inaugural-edition-of-u-18-i-league/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2016–17 I-League U18|2016–17]]
! Disqualified {{efn|Mohun Bagan disqualified for fielding over-age player.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohun-bagan-scratched-from-u-18-youth-league-for-fielding-overage-player/articleshow/57620864.cms|title=Mohun Bagan scratched from U-18 Youth League for fielding overage player|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 March 2017}}</ref>}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref name=u18il2017>{{cite web|date=7 May 2017|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/aiff-elite-academy-beats-east-bengal-to-clinch-u-18-i-league-title/article18404602.ece|title=AIFF Elite Academy beats East Bengal to clinch U-18 I-League title|work=Sportstar|accessdate=19 December 2022|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219124910/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/aiff-elite-academy-beats-east-bengal-to-clinch-u-18-i-league-title/article18404602.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2017–18 Youth League U18|2017–18]]
|rowspan=1 style="text-align:center|[[Youth League U18|Youth League U-18]]
|style="text-align:center|Zonal Group Stage
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/interviews-and-features/206-teams-to-participate-in-youth-leagues/|title=206 Teams To Participate In Youth Leagues|date=23 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2018–19 Indian Elite League|2018–19]]
|rowspan=4 style="text-align:center|[[Elite League (India)|Elite League U-18]]
|style="text-align:center|Quarter Finals
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/u-18-youth-league-shillong-lajong-beat-kerala-blasters-to/1hamj9m9bptqf18b5ldaw27lif|title=U-18 Youth League: Shillong Lajong beat Kerala Blasters to win title|date=26 May 2018|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-date=31 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231194107/https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/u-18-youth-league-shillong-lajong-beat-kerala-blasters-to/1hamj9m9bptqf18b5ldaw27lif|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2019–20 Indian Elite League|2019–20]]
! Abandoned {{efn|League called-off due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="IL Cancel"/>}}
|style="text-align:center|<ref name="IL Cancel">{{Cite web|url=https://i-league.org/league-committee-sends-its-recommendations-to-the-aiff-executive-committee/|title=League Committee sends its recommendations to the AIFF Executive Committee|work=I-League|accessdate=23 April 2020|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627184725/https://i-league.org/league-committee-sends-its-recommendations-to-the-aiff-executive-committee/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|2020-21
! rowspan=2| ''Not Held''
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center|<ref name=YC2022>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/49-teams-to-participate-in-aiff-elite-youth-league-2022-23|title=49 teams to participate in AIFF Elite Youth League 2022-23|publisher=AIFF|date=7 December 2022|access-date=7 December 2022|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208054612/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/49-teams-to-participate-in-aiff-elite-youth-league-2022-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|2021-22
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2022–23 Indian Elite League|2022–23]]
|rowspan=3 style="text-align:center|[[Elite League (India)|U17 Youth Cup]]
|style="text-align:center|Group Stages
|style="text-align:center|<ref name=YC2223>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/calendar?event=3&month=0&year=2022|title=HERO U-17 Youth Cup 2022-23|work=AIFF|accessdate=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227132746/https://www.the-aiff.com/calendar?event=3&month=0&year=2022|archive-date=27 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2023–24 Indian Youth League|2023–24]]
|style="text-align:center|National Group Stage
|style="text-align:center|<ref name=YC2324>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/calendar?event=3&month=0&year=2022|title=HERO U-17 Youth Cup 2022-23|work=AIFF|accessdate=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227132746/https://www.the-aiff.com/calendar?event=3&month=0&year=2022|archive-date=27 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2024–25 Indian Youth League|2024–25]]
|style="text-align:center|Quarter Finals
|style="text-align:center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF Youth League 2024–25 schedule, date, time table, teams list, fixtures and format |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/calendar?event=3&month=0&year=2025 |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=The AIFF |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center|[[2025–26 Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy season|2025–26]]
|rowspan=3 style="text-align:center|[[Elite League (India)|U18 Elite League]]
|style="text-align:center|National Group Stage
|}

{{notelist}}

==U15==
=== Squad ===
Mohun Bagan squad for the AIFF U15 Junior League 2025.
{{updated|8 February 2025}}
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Ranjan Malo|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=21|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Priyanshu Das|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=IND|pos=GK|name= Debayan Dutta Roy|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=18|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Paban Das|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=48|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Rupam Mahi|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Papu Sarkar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Naim Mondal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Dipra Sarkar |other=}}
{{Fs player|no=16|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Mikael Besra|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=23|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Tapas Mondal|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=20|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Sayan Paswan|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Sandip Karmakar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=IND|pos=DF|name= Biswajit Debnath|other=}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Roki Das|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Akash SK|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=42|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Hans Biswas|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=19|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Dipanjan Das|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Rohit Barman|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=11|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Arko Bhaskar|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=12|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Sahid Chowdhury|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=14|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Joy Chakraborty|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=IND|pos=MF|name= Oyshik Roy Chowdhury|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Sumit Singh|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Suroj Halder|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=IND|pos=FW|name= Rajdeep Paul|other=}}
{{Fs end}}

===Performance record===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;
|colspan="9"|'''Performance of Mohun Bagan in U-15 Youth Leagues'''
|-
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center|Year
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center|Tournament
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center|Final Position
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | Played
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | Won
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | Draw
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | Loss
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | GF
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | GA
|-
|2005-06||rowspan=4|[[Manchester United Premier Cup|U-15 Nike Premier Cup Indian Qualifiers]]||bgcolor=gold|'''Champions'''<ref>{{cite web|first=Sunit|last=Kaul|date=5 August 2006|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/mohun-bagan-to-take-on-man-united/story-LRPCJdHm68qmfmRxTuLFnI.html|title=Mohun Bagan to take on Man United!|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=12 January 2021|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114080438/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/mohun-bagan-to-take-on-man-united/story-LRPCJdHm68qmfmRxTuLFnI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|4
|4||0||0
|7||2
|-
|2006-07||Semi Finals [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726030555/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2007mupc-u15.html]
|3
|1||1||1
|9||2
|-
|2007-08||Group Stage [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718223104/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2008mupc-u15.html]
|2
|0||2||0||2||2
|-
|2008-09
!colspan=7| Disqualified <ref>{{cite web|first=Disqualified|last=Mohun Bagan|date=3 December 2008|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/salgaocar-win-mupc-india-leg-qualify-for-world-finals/articleshow/3789082.cms|title=Salgaocar win MUPC India leg, qualify for world finals|work=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
|2015-16||U-15 Youth League||Zonal Round
|10
|2||1||7||11||17
|-
|2016-17||U-16 Youth League||National Finals [https://www.arunfoot.com/u-16-youth-league-nike-premier-cup-2017-final-round-fixtures/]
|13
|8||3||2
|24||4
|-
|2017-18|| Nike Premier Cup||Zonal Round
|10
|6||2||2
|26||7
|-
|2018-19
|rowspan=7| U-15 Hero Junior League
|National Group Stage<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i-league.org/points-table/u-15-youth-league/|title=Points Table: Hero Jr. League|work=I-League|accessdate=27 July 2019|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820190955/https://i-league.org/points-table/u-15-youth-league/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|9
|6||1||2
|24||16
|-
|2019-20
!''League called-off due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]''
|10
|8||2||0
|31||7
|-
|2020-21
!rowspan=3; colspan=7| ''Not Held''
|-
|2021-22
|-
|2022-23
|-
|2023-24
|Quarter Finals
|14
|9||2||3
|26||13
|-
|2024-25
|Quarter Finals
|14||11||1||2||54||22
|-
|[[2025–26 Mohun Bagan SG Youth and Academy season#U16|2025-26]]
|AIFF u16 Junior League
|National Group Stage
|14
|10||2||2
|43||12
|}

==U13==
===Squad===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohun Bagan |first=MBFT |date= |title=Mohun Bagan Super Giants U-13 Squad 2025-26 |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1WmJzTSN3S/ }}</ref>

{{updated|2 March 2025}}
{{Fs start}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Sayan Debnath|no=1}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Hiranmoy Das|no=21}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Rupam Biswas|no=31}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Ishan Manna|no=2}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Gourav Sil|no=3}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Jishu Chakraborty|no=4}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Srijan Koley|no=5}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Ali Hussain|no=27}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Souvik Sikdar|no=32}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Nirab Roy|no=6}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Karthik Hembram|other=|no=7}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Syed Bashir Anowar|no=8}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Jiyon Hansda|no=11}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Ehsan Mondal|no=12}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Lorence Kishku|no=28}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Bijoy Das|no=29}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Rony Karmakar|no=33}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Subrata Mandi|no=34}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Rupam Manna|no=42}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sk Sakib|no=45}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Sk Sakibuddin|no=46}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Bakibillah|no=48}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Abhijit Hansda|no=49}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Shagnik Kundu|no=9}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Sidu Soren|no=10}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Archisman Paul|no=30}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Anubrata Baul Das|no=35}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Raj Mudi|no=36}}
{{fs player|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Sandip Roy|no=37}}
{{fs end}}
Coach : Chanchal Saha

===Performance record===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|colspan="10"|'''Performance of Mohun Bagan in U-13 Youth Leagues'''
|-
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | Season
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | Tournament
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | Result
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | Played
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | Won
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | Draw
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | Loss
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | GF
! style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;" | GA
! style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;" | Top Scorer (Goals)
|-
|2017-18
|rowspan=6| U13- Hero Sub Junior League
|Zonal Group Stage (3rd)
|10
|3||4||3
|9||6
|Dip Mahata (4)
|-
|2018-19
|Zonal Group Stage (2nd)
|8
|5||1||2
|13||5
|Miraj Mullick (4)
|-
|2019-20
! Abandoned {{efn|League called-off due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].}}
|8
|2||2||4
|5||9
|Ajoy Oraw(2)
|-
|2020-21
! rowspan=3; colspan=8| ''Not Held''
|-
|2021-22
|-
|2022-23
|-
|2023-24
|rowspan=3| U13 AIFF Sub Junior League
|Group Stage (3rd)
|10||5||2||3
|32||22
|Dipra Sarkar (10)
|-
|2024-25 ||National Group Stage
|13
|8 ||1 ||4
|43||24 || Shagnik Kundu (13)
|}

{{notelist}}

==Honours==
===Global===
* South-East Asia Qualifiers for [[Manchester United Premier Cup]] : 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nike-u14-06.html|title=Nike World Club Cup U-14 2006|website=[[RSSSF]]|last1=Garin|first1=Eric|last2=Gonzalez|first2=Miguel Alvim|last3=Pardellas|first3=Carlos|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005095444/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nike-u14-06.html|archive-date=5 October 2021}}</ref>

===National===
* [[National Football League (Under-19)|National Football League U-19]] (1): {{Gold01}} 2004–05<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nflj.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the National Football League (under-19)|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=2008|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503074956/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nflj.html|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Reliance Foundation Development League]]: {{Gold01}} 2024-25, {{Bronze03}} 2023-24
*[[Chief Minister's Cup 2024|Chief Minister's Cup]] (1): {{Gold01}} 2024-25
*Dream Sports Championship u17: {{Silver02}} 2024-25

===Regional===
* Zee Bangla U-19 Football League (1): {{Gold01}} 2019{{refn|Joint winners with East Bengal|group=note}}
* Bhadreshwar Gold Cup (1): {{Gold01}} 2024-25

==Notable players==
{{Div col|colwidth=13em}}
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subrata Pal]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandip Nandy]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} Subhankar Adhikari
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhash Thapa]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pintu Mahata]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepak Tangri]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Souvik Chakrabarti]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subha Ghosh]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} Deep Saha
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahim Ali]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourav Das (footballer)|Sourav Das]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} Akshunna Tyagi
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sheikh Sahil]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiyan Nassiri]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Suhail Bhat]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} Arsh Anwer Shaikh
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalrinliana Hnamte]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} Mahroos siddiquee Nadim
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Football in West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal Sports}}

[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant| ]]
[[Category:Reserve team football in India]]
[[Category:Football academies in India]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:RPSG Group]]

Nema (community)

2026-05-08T10:55:52Z

TeenaDease50: made basic article initial version

{{Short description|Merchant community in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
'''Nema''' (or Neema or Neva) is a merchant community which is mainly found in [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, By R.V. Russell & Hira Lal, 1916</ref><ref>People of India By Kumar Suresh Singh, B. K. Lavania, D. K. Samanta, S. K. Mandal, Anthropological Survey of India, N. N. Vyas, Anthropological Survey of India, Published 1998, Popular Prakashan</ref><ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/indore/news/after-aggarwal-jain-society-dasha-nema-samaj-started-non-covid-center-there-will-also-be-a-system-of-food-127774729.html समाजों का सेवाभाव:अग्रवाल, जैन समाज के बाद दशा नेमा समाज ने शुरू किया नॉन कोविड सेंटर, खाने की व्यवस्था भी रहेगी]</ref> It has also spread to Gujarat<ref>[https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/MGUJ-MAT-the-goddess-of-jainacharya-darshanyasur-shoori-in-godhra-063113-4314347-NOR.html ગોધરામાં જૈનાચાર્યનું આગમન થતા આકર્ષક ગહુંલી કરી ગુરુવંદન કરવામાં આવ્યું ]</ref> and Rajasthan. It originated from the [[Nimar]] region of western Madhya Pradesh, where this community is still concentrated.<ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/MP-KHAN-MAT-latest-khargon-news-034502-1862027-NOR.html बीसा नीमा महाजन समाज का परिचय सम्मेलन 29 को]</ref>

Several old [[Jain]] inscriptions mentioning the Nema or Neva community have been found in Madhya Pradesh.<ref>Kasturchand Jain Suman, Bharatiya Digambar Jain Abhilekh aur Tirth Parichay, Madhya-Pradesh: 13 vi shati tak, Delhi, 2001</ref>

The Nemas are largely devout [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavas]]. A group of Nemas that migrated to [[Vidarbha]] region a few centuries ago, follows [[Digambar]] Jainism.
<ref>Digambar Jain Directory, Thakurds Bhagavandas Javeri, 1914</ref> Those having presence in the Gujarat and Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh follow [[Śvetāmbara]] Jainism.
<ref>[https://vishanimajain-ahmedabad.com/about-visha-nima-jain/ શ્રી વિશા નીમા જૈન જ્ઞાતીનો ઈતિહાસ]</ref>

==Legend==
Russell and Hira Lal state that:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22010/22010-h/22010-h.htm|title = The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume II}}</ref>
:They say that when Parasurāma was slaying the Kshatriyas fourteen young Rājpūt princes, who at the time were studying religion with their family priests, were saved by the latter on renouncing their Kshatriya status and declaring themselves to be Vaishyas. These fourteen princes were the ancestors of the fourteen gotras of the Nema subcaste, but the gotras actually bear the names of the fourteen Rīshis or saints who saved their lives. These sections appear to be of the usual Brāhmanical type, but marriage is regulated by another set of fifty-two subsections, with names which are apparently titular or territorial.

==See also==
* [[Jainism]]
* [[Jainism in Rajasthan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]

Lucky Man (1995 film)

2026-05-08T00:10:00Z

TeenaDease50: Created a entry initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Lucky Man (1995 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Pratap Pothen]]
| screenplay = Pratap Pothen
| story = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| producer = K. Prashath
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]
*[[Goundamani]]
*[[Senthil]]
*[[Sanghavi]]
}}
| cinematography = Aravind Kamalanathan
| editing = {{plainlist|
*[[B. Lenin]]
*[[V. T. Vijayan]]
}}
| music = [[Adithyan]]
| studio = Prashath Art Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1995|4|14}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Lucky Man''''' is a 1995 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[fantasy comedy]] film directed by [[Pratap Pothen]]. The film stars [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Goundamani]], [[Senthil]], and [[Sanghavi]], while [[Manjula Vijayakumar]], [[Radha Ravi]], [[Vinu Chakravarthy]], and [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] play supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1994 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Yamaleela]]''.<ref name="ns" /> The film was released on 14 April 1995 and failed at the box office.

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=September 2022}}
The film starts in heaven where [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]]'s assistant [[Chitragupta]] loses the Brahma Suvadi book written by [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], and [[Brahma]] to administrate human birth, death, post-death punishment, and rebirth. The Brahma Suvadi falls into a city in Tamil Nadu, and Gopi, a young man, gets hold of the book and becomes rich using it. At the same time, Brahma come to know that the book is lost and orders Yama and Chitragupta to locate the book within one month. Chitragupta fears that if the book is seen by humans, chaos will happen. However, Yama assures him that only the details of the person who is viewing the same will be shown by the book. Meanwhile, Yama and Chitragupta come to Tamil Nadu to search for the book. One day, Gopi learns about his mother's death date through that book. Now, Gopi wants to save his mother and win his lover. Gopi's opponent Sivaraman, a ruthless don, wants to know Gopi's secret of success, and he plans to steal the book from Gopi by abducting his mother and lover. In the climax, Yama helps Gopi secure the book from Sivaraman and kill him. Yama also spares Gopi's mother's life for his help.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as Gopi
*[[Goundamani]] as [[Yama ]]<ref name="filmcompanion">{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Ashutosh |date=24 March 2020 |title=Top 10 Tamil Films Where Senthil Got The Better Of Goundamani |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/top-10-tamil-films-where-senthil-got-the-better-of-goundamani/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105175349/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/top-10-tamil-films-where-senthil-got-the-better-of-goundamani/ |archive-date=5 November 2020 |access-date=25 November 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Senthil]] as [[Chitragupta]]<ref name="filmcompanion" />
*[[Sanghavi]] as Gopi's lover
*[[Manjula Vijayakumar]] as Gopi's mother
*[[Radha Ravi]] as "Cheating" Sivaraman
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as Inspector Ranjith Kumar
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Gopi's friend
*Jayamani as Police Constable
*[[Silk Smitha]] as Jill Jill Rojamani
*[[Besant Ravi]]
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Editor
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] in a guest appearance
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music composed by [[Adithyan]] and lyrics written by [[Piraisoodan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucky Man |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/lucky-man/ffPx9cyR9pk_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204204503/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/lucky-man/ffPx9cyR9pk_ |archive-date=4 December 2020 |access-date=25 November 2020 |website=[[JioSaavn]] |language=en}}</ref> The song "Yaar Seidha Maayam" is based on "[[She's Always a Woman]]" by [[Billy Joel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Tamil [Other Composers] |url=https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115120113/https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |archive-date=15 November 2025 |access-date=11 June 2024 |website=[[ItwoFS]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Pallana Party
| extra1 = Adithyan, [[Sangeetha Sajith]]
| length1 = 4:18
| title2 = Yaar Seidha Maayam
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Sangeetha Sajith
| length2 = 5:10
| title3 = Ammamma Anandham
| extra3 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length3 = 5:07
| title4 = Yama Dharmaraja
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length4 = 5:09
| title5 = Akum Bakum
| extra5 = [[Suresh Peters]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length5 = 4:54
| title6 = Ammama Aayiram
| extra6 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| length6 = 5:07
| total_length = 29:45 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Lucky Man'' was released on 14 April 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=லக்கி மேன் / Lucky Man (1995) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/lucky-man |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530064846/https://screen4screen.com/movies/lucky-man |archive-date=30 May 2022 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=en}}</ref> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote, "''Lucky Man'' stands out as a story with a difference. It has enough laughs to make a pleasant 2 1/2 hours".<ref name="ns">{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=6 May 1995 |title=When the gods tangle with mortals |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PA5PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZB8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4173%2C2202144 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607074722/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PA5PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZB8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4173%2C2202144 |archive-date=7 June 2024 |access-date=29 April 2022 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=28 |language=en |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote that, in contrast to the film's title, those going to watch the film were "unlucky men".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர். பி. ஆர். |date=30 April 1995 |title=லக்கிமேன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1995-04-30/page/n48/mode/2up |access-date=29 April 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=47 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film failed commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=1 December 2020 |title='Baasha' to 'Sathi Leelavathi': Why 1995 is an unforgettable year for Tamil cinema fans |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/baasha-sathi-leelavathi-why-1995-unforgettable-year-tamil-cinema-fans-138739 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128102555/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/baasha-sathi-leelavathi-why-1995-unforgettable-year-tamil-cinema-fans-138739 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Pratap Pothen}}

[[Category:1990s fantasy comedy films]]
[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:1995 Indian films]]
[[Category:1995 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pratap Pothen]]
[[Category:Films scored by Adithyan]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language fantasy comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Yama in popular culture]]

José Pereira (scholar)

2026-05-07T10:25:12Z

TeenaDease50: added stub

{{short description|Scholar and artist (1931–2015)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = José Pereira
| image = Josee Pereira.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|1|22|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2015|1|26|1931|1|22|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Scholar|historian|writer|artist|linguist}}
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2012)
}}

'''José Pereira''' (22 January 1931 – 26 January 2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=José Pereira|url=http://www.riverdale-on-hudson.com/obituary-notices/2015/1/28/jos-pereira|website=riverdale-on-hudson.com|access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar, historian, writer, artist, and [[linguist]] of [[Goan]] origin.<ref name=goanews>{{cite web|title=Sanskrit scholar & historian Dr Jose Pereira passes away in USA|url=http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?newsid=5544|website=goanews.com|access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
José Pereira was born on 22 January 1931 in [[Bombay]] to a [[Goan]] family who hailed from [[Curtorim]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-01 |title=Farewell, the last great Goan polymath |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/farewell-the-last-great-goan-polymath/articleshow/46081674.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He received his [[PhD]] in Ancient History and Culture from [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St Xavier's College]] in 1949. He later graduated, with honours, from [[Siddharth College of Arts, Science and Commerce]] in 1951. In 1959, he traveled to Portugal as a [[guest lecturer]] at the ''Insituto Superior de Estudoes Ultramarinos'' in [[Lisbon]]. A year later, he departed Lisbon following his public statement that “Goa has a cultural identity of its own and can never be a showcase of the greatness of the Portuguese."<ref name="goanews"/>

==Career==
Pereira was the author of 24 books and 145 journal articles.<ref name="goanews"/> He was internationally recognised for his [[fresco painting]]s.<ref name="goareview">{{cite web|title=Earth and heaven in conversation|url=http://www.tambdimati.com/article/earth-and-heaven-in-conversation/?doing_wp_cron=1422335023.8800330162048339843750|website=tambdimati.com|access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> His first works, titled "Images of Goa", were exhibited in [[Bombay]] when he was 18 while still a student at [[J J School of Art]] and later exhibited in [[Union Territory of Delhi]] in 1969.<ref name="goanews"/>

==Personal life==
Pereira was fluent in at least 13 languages. In particular, he was a strong supporter of the [[Konkani language]].<ref name="goanews"/>

==Recognition==
In 2012, the [[Government of India]] conferred the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian award of India, in recognition of Pereira's work in the field of Indian history and literature. He is considered to be the only [[Goan]] to be conferred
this award while being a [[non-resident Indian]].<ref name="goanews"/>

==Controversy==
In later life, his "Epiphanies of the Hindu Gods" caused Hindu fundamentalists to protest in 2010 due to the [[nudity]] in the artwork. Pereira countered with quotations from [[Sanskrit]] scriptures that justified the piece.<ref name="goanews"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pereira, José}}
[[Category:Scholars from Goa]]
[[Category:Konkani people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Goa]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Sir J. J. School of Art alumni]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Siddharth College of Arts, Science and Commerce alumni]]

Deganga Assembly constituency

2026-05-01T15:59:38Z

TeenaDease50: created a details more to come - done

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in West Bengal, India}}
{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake village|Deganga, North 24 Parganas|2 its namesake community development block|Deganga}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Deganga
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Deganga.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Deganga Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Rahima Mondal]]
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| constituency_no = 120
| established = 1951
| electors = 175,754
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Deganga Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 120 Deganga Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Kadambagachhi and Katra [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Barasat I (Community development block)|Barasat I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Amulia, Berachampa I, Berachampa II, Chakla, Chaurasi, Hadipur Jhikra I, Kalsur, Nur Nagar and Sohai-Shwetpur gram panchayats of [[Deganga (Community development block)|Deganga]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 15 October 2010 |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Deganga Assembly constituency is part of No. 17 [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|rowspan="2"|Rafiuddin Ahmed
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Atul Krishna Roy
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Maulana Bazlur Rahman Durgapuri
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|J. Kabir
|{{Full party name with color|Bangla Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="2"|Harun-Or-Rashid
|{{Full party name with color|Progressive Muslim League|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|M. Shaukat Ali
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|A. K. M. Hassan Uzzaman
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Mortaza Hossain
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|A. K. M. Hassan Uzzaman
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|rowspan="3"|Md. Yakub
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Mortaza Hossain
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Dr. Nuruzjjaman
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|rowspan="2"|Rahima Mondal
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Deganga}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anisur Rahaman Bidesh|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mafidul Haque Sahaji (Mintu)|party=Indian Secular Front|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tarun Kanti Baidya (Kalitala) |party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Miaraj Baidya|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Deganga}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Rahima Mondal]]
|votes = 100,105
|percentage = 46.70
|change = {{decrease}}4.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian Secular Front
|candidate = Karim Ali
|votes = 67,568
|percentage = 31.52
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dipika Chatterjee
|votes = 38,446
|percentage = 17.93
|change = {{increase}}11.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Md. Hasanoor Jaman Chowdhury
|votes = 2,942
|percentage = 1.37
|change = {{decrease}}35.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,100
|percentage = 0.98
|change = {{increase}}0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sattar Ali
|votes = 1,354
|percentage = 0.63
|change = {{decrease}}1.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Welfare Party of India
|candidate = Md. Rafikul Islam
|votes = 1,078
|percentage = 0.50
|change = {{decrease}}0.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Ajoy Sadhukhan
|votes = 787
|percentage = 0.37
|change = {{decrease}}0.55
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 214,380
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Deganga constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Rahima Mondal]]
|votes = 97,412
|percentage = 50.87
|change = +1.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Md. Hasanoor Jaman Chowdhury
|votes = 71,422
|percentage = 37.29
|change = -1.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Tarun Kanti Ghosh
|votes = 12,074
|percentage = 6.30
|change = -1.01
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Baki Billah Karikar
|votes = 3,562
|percentage = 2.22
|change = -0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Welfare Party of India
|candidate = Rafikul Islam
|votes = 2,317
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Ajoy Sadhukhan
|votes = 1,754
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,589
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Rita Panda
|votes = 694
|percentage = 0.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 191,509
|percentage = 88.75
|change = -1.55
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Deganga constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=120| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507065105/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=120| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 7 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Deganga| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate =[[Dr Nuruzjjaman]]
|votes = 78,395
|percentage = 49.39
|change = +11.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = Dr. Mortaza Hossain
|votes = 61,095
|percentage = 38.49
|change = -8.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Tarun Kanti Ghosh
|votes = 11,606
|percentage = 7.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Roushan Ali
|votes = 3,562
|percentage = 2.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Paschim Banga Rajya Muslim League
|candidate = Kausar Ali Mullick
|votes = 1,708
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bhaskar Ghosh
|votes = 1,369
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Abdul Ahed Molla
|votes = 979
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 158,714
|percentage = 90.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = All India Forward Bloc
|swing = 20.73
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Dr. Mortoza Hossain of [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] won the Deganga assembly seat defeating Mafidul Haque Sahaji of [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Md. Yakub of Forward Bloc defeated Abdur Rouf of Trinamool Congress in 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Idris Ali of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> and Ashanullah of Congress in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> A.K.M. Hassan Uzzaman of [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]] defeated Dr. Mortoza Hossain of Forward Bloc in 1987.<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Dr. Mortoza Hossain of Forward Bloc defeated A.K.M. Hassan Uzzaman of IUML in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> A.K.M. Hassan Uzzaman of IUML defeated Md. Yakub of Forward Bloc in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp92.htm |title = 92 - Deganga Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 October 2010}}</ref>

===1951-1972===
M. Shaukat Ali of Congress won in 1972.<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Harun-Or-Rashid Independent/Progressive Muslim League won in 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> and 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> J.Kabir of Bangla Congress won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Maulana Bazlur Rahman Durgapuri of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> Rafiuddin Ahmed and Atul Krishna Roy, both of Congress, won the Deganaga joint seat in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref> In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Rafiuddin Ahmed of Congress won the Deganga seat.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Thira (film)

2026-04-28T23:09:45Z

TeenaDease50: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thira
| image = Thiramovieposter.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
| producer = Manoj Menon
| writer = Rakesh Mantodi
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Rakesh Mantodi Vineeth Sreenivasan
}}
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Shobana|Shobana Pillai]]|[[Dhyan Sreenivasan]]|[[Deepak Parambol]]
}}
| music = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Jomon T. John]]
| editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]
| studio = Reelsmagic Productions
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
*[[Lal Jose|LJ Films]]
*Tricolor Entertainments
*Europe – Indian Movies UK Ltd.
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|11|14}}
| runtime = 113 minutes{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}
'''''Thira''''' ({{translation|Wave}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[neo-noir]] [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] and written by his cousin Rakesh Mantodi.<ref name="Thehindu">Nagarajan, Saraswathy (14 November 2013)[http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/on-the-trail-of-a-mystery/article5350929.ece On the trail of a mystery]. ''The Hindu''</ref> It stars [[Shobana]] alongside debutant [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]] in the lead roles. The film was produced by Manoj Menon under the banner ReelsMagic and distributed by [[LJ Films]].<ref name = "indianexpress">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131118075908/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Setting-off-on-the-road-less-taken/2013/11/14/article1889379.ece Setting off on the road less taken]. ''New Indian Express''. 14 November 2013</ref>

''Thira'' was announced to be the first installment in a trilogy of thriller films.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131113154202/http://www.futurecreater.in/2013/11/thira-malayalam-movie-fdfs-review-thira.html Thira review]}}. futurecreater.in. November 2013</ref> According to Vineeth, the film was inspired by the book ''The Road of Lost Innocence: The True Story of a Cambodian Heroine'' by [[Somaly Mam]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131122202054/http://www.sify.com/movies/yes-thira-is-inspired-confesses-vineeth-news-malayalam-nlulJ8ijhga.html 'Yes, Thira is inspired', confesses Vineeth]. sify.com (20 November 2013). Retrieved on 27 June 2021.</ref> The film marks the debut of Vineeth Sreenivasan's younger brother [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]] and also the return of [[Shobana|Shobana Pillai]] to Malayalam cinema after almost a gap of five years.<ref name="indianexpress"/> It was filmed by [[Jomon T. John]] and has music composed by [[Shaan Rahman]]. Principal photography of the film took place in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]], [[Belgaum]], and [[Goa]]. It was released on 14 November 2013. The film was screened in IFFK 2013. [[Dinesh Prabhakar]] was the casting director.<ref>Anand, Shilpa Nair (9 October 2017) [http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/films-are-where-his-heart-is-and-dinesh-prabhakar-relishes-every/article19828203.ece Living a dream]. ''The Hindu''</ref>

==Plot==
The story is set in the Indian states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Goa]].<ref name="Thehindu" /><ref name = "indianexpress"/> Dr. Rohini Pranab, a busy cardiac surgeon, also rescues and shelters destitute and trafficked girls in a home she runs. One day, her girls are kidnapped by an illegal human trafficking ring. Rohini is charged with illegal trafficking after the kidnap of the girls and the news hits all major newspapers. A youth named Naveen also loses his sister to the same gang when she is kidnapped, right in front of his eyes. Rohini and Naveen meet due to their similar circumstances and decide to rescue the girls before they are drugged and raped by high-profile clients during a party organised by a mining group. Rohini's friends also try to help, but the gang is well-connected, well-coordinated, and always a step ahead of them.

By opening the bank locker of Pranab Ray, Rohini's husband, an investigative journalist who was killed by this very same gang, they get clues to the whereabouts of the girls, but his hard disk with the information is stolen when Rohini is kidnapped while coming out of the bank. Rohini escapes from the kidnappers' car who drive away with Pranab's file and hard disk. Rohini remembers the photograph in Pranab's file and they figure out the place where the girls are. They then proceed to Goa to rescue the girls.

==Cast==
* [[Shobana]] as Dr. Rohini Pranab
* [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]] as Naveen
* [[Deepak Parambol]] as Deepak
* [[S. Rajasekar]] as Dada
* [[Sijoy Varghese]] as [[Interior minister|Home Minister]] Alex
* Amritha Anil as Rhea
* Gaurav Vasudev as Kidnapper
* Janan V. Jacob as Bank Manager
* [[Harikrishnan (Malayalam actor)|Harikrishnan]]
* Sabhitha

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Thira
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length =
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label =
| producer = Manoj Menon
| prev_title = [[Hotel California (2013 film)|Hotel California]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The film's soundtrack is composed by [[Shaan Rahman]], with lyrics penned by [[Anu Elizabeth jose|Anu Elizabeth Jose]].
{{track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Theerathe Neelunne
| extra1 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
| length1 = 3:40
| title2 = Thazhvaaram
| extra2 = [[Hesham Abdul Wahab|Hesham]] & [[Neha Nair]]
| length2 = 5:05
| title3 = Nithya Sahaya Nadhe
| extra3 = Neha Nair
| length3 = 5:14
| title4 = Thaazhe Nee Tharame
| extra4 = [[Sachin Warrier]], [[Job Kurian]], Sayanora
| length4 = 2:50
| title5 = Thazhvaaram
| extra5 = Neha Nair
| length5 = 2:52
}}

==Reception==
''Thira'' was a commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 November 2013 |title=Kerala Box-Office – October/November |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15044090 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914123204/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15044090 |archive-date=14 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 December 2013 |title=Kerala Box-Office – December 1 to 9 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15044952&cid=14625530 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213083516/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15044952&cid=14625530 |archive-date=13 December 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and mentioned "The narrative of the film moves at a steady pace despite the predictability that comes along with it".<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/movie-reviews/Thira/movie-review/25930361.cms Thira Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Thira by Times of India]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 27 June 2021.</ref> [[Sify]].com described the film as average, "an okay one-time watch", while pointing out inspirations from the 2007 film, ''[[Trade (film)|Trade]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131118053243/http://www.sify.com/movies/thira-review-malayalam-15043249.html Thira]. sify.com. Retrieved on 27 June 2021.</ref> [[The New Indian Express]] wrote, "''Thira'' is a satisfying thriller carried successfully by lead actress Shobhana".<ref>Nidheesh M K (18 November 2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140116160807/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-wave-that-refuses-to-crash/2013/11/18/article1895662.ece A wave that refuses to crash]. ''New Indian Express''</ref>

== Sequel ==
''Thira'' was announced to be the first of the [[trilogy]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] series by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]. Vineeth wrote on his official blog, "''Thira'' is not one film. It's a trilogy. If everything goes well by god's grace, Part 1 will be released in 2013. Part 2 and Part 3 will follow....".<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Thira-is-a-trilogy-Vineeth-Sreenivasan/articleshow/20474114.cms Thira: Thira is a trilogy: Vineeth Sreenivasan]. ''Times of India'' (7 June 2013). Retrieved on 2021-06-27.</ref> Vineeth also revealed that Thira 2 will have a popular young actor of [[Malayalam cinema|Mollywood]] in lead role and he will also star in Thira 3, along with [[Shobana]], who played the lead in Thira.
The sequel was planned to be more character-oriented, rather than being an extension of ''Thira.'' It was confirmed by Vineeth that ''Thira 2'' will be focusing more on the character, Amar and the part of [[Dhyan Sreenivasan|Dhyan]] is over with the first film.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Many-incidents-in-Thira-are-based-on-real-life/articleshow/26530050.cms Vineeth Sreenivasan: Many incidents in Thira are based on real life]. ''Times of India'' (29 November 2013). Retrieved on 2021-06-27.</ref>
However, Vineeth confirmed that the sequel didn't materialize due to several reasons.

==Festival screenings==
The film was an official selection for the following film festival:
* Gwinnett Center International Film Festival – International Competition section.

==Awards==

=== [[Vanitha Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.keralatv.in/2014/01/vanitha-film-awards-2014/ | title=Vanitha Film Awards 2014 | publisher=keralatv.in | date=6 January 2014 | accessdate=6 January 2014}}
</ref> ===
*Best Actress – '''Shobana Pillai'''

=== [[Asianet Film Awards]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}} ===
*Best Debut Actor – '''Dhyan Sreenivasan'''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3329774}}
* [https://www.facebook.com/ThiraMovieMalayalam Thira – Official Facebook Page]

{{Vineeth Sreenivasan}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shaan Rahman]]
[[Category:2013 thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about prostitution in India]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian mystery drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vineeth Sreenivasan]]

Thiruthuraipoondi Assembly constituency

2026-04-24T16:59:43Z

TeenaDease50: put up

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Thiruthuraipoondi
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 166
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| map_image = Constitution-Thiruthuraipoondi.svg
| established = 1957
| district = [[Tiruvarur district|Tiruvarur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency|Nagapattinam]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[K. Marimuthu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Secular Progressive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2021
| electors = 226,845
}}
'''Thiruthuraipundi''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Thiruvarur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], which includes [[Thiruthuraipoondi]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}</ref> It is reserved for members of the [[Scheduled Caste]]s. The constituency has been in existence since the 1957 election. Communist party members from the Thiruthuraipoondi area played a vital role in the abolition of "agricultural bond labours" (pannayal ozhipu) in delta districts. The act was enacted after their continuous struggle. The constituency comprises Kottur, Thiruthuraipoondi and Muthupettai panchayat unions. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[A. Vedarathnam]] and [[V. Vedayyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[A. K. Subbiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| N. Dharmalingam
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[C. Manali Kandasami]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan=3|[[P. Uthirapathy]]
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan=4|[[G. Palanisamy]]
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| rowspan=2|[[K. Ulaganathan]]
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[P. Adalarasan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[K. Marimuthu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|52.60}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.07}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|53.36}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|54.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|56.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|63.39}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|53.58}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|43.32}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|54.44}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|61.20}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|45.93}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|62.84}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|38.04}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|56.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|24.47}}

}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Marimuthu]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U Baladhandayudham|party=AIADMK-led Alliance|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Vinothini |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= S. Pandiyan|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 225363|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web|title=Thiruthuraipoondi Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a166|access-date= 18 Jun 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Marimuthu]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=97,092 |percentage=52.60% |change=+33.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Suresh Kumar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,024 |percentage=36.31% |change=+2.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Aarthi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=15,362 |percentage=8.32% |change=+7.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajanikanth |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,555 |percentage=1.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,313 |percentage=0.71% |change=-0.3 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,068 |percentage=16.29% |change= 8.75% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=184,573 |percentage=76.88% |change= -1.90% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=149|percentage=0.08% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,072 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 11.53% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Adalarasan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,127 |percentage=41.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Umamaheswari |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=58,877 |percentage=33.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Ulaganathan]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=33,038 |percentage=18.81% |change=-34.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Udayakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,937 |percentage=2.24% |change=+0.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajamohan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,005 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. S. Saravanakumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,844 |percentage=1.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,768 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,250 |percentage=7.54% |change= -6.71% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=175,620 |percentage=78.78% |change= -1.85% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 222,916 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -12.29% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Ulaganathan]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=83,399 |percentage=53.36% |change=-1.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Selvadurai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=61,112 |percentage=39.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sivashanmugam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,025 |percentage=1.94% |change=+0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,981 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Saravanan |party=Loktantrik Samajwadi Party |votes=1,857 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Singaperumal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,726 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thai. Kandasamy |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,070 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U. Ramachandran |party=Independent politician |votes=898 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,287 |percentage=14.26% |change= -2.21% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=156,294 |percentage=80.63% |change= 4.45% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,844 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -1.32% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Ulaganathan]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=75,371 |percentage=54.68% |change=-2.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Umadevi |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,665 |percentage=38.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Mohan Kumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=5,918 |percentage=4.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Shivashanmugam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,546 |percentage=1.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Jayakumar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=844 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,706 |percentage=16.47% |change= -2.89% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=137,841 |percentage=76.18% |change= 5.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 180,937 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -2.08% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Palanisamy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=73,451 |percentage=56.76% |change=-6.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Poonguzhali |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,392 |percentage=37.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Veeramani |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,959 |percentage=3.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Anbalagan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,614 |percentage=2.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,059 |percentage=19.36% |change= -23.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=129,416 |percentage=71.00% |change= -3.37% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 182,303 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -6.64% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Palanisamy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=79,103 |percentage=63.39% |change=+9.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Gopalsami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,415 |percentage=20.37% |change=-22.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. N. Thangarasu |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=19,336 |percentage=15.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Saravanan |party=Anaithinthiya Thamizhaga Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=727 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=53,688 |percentage=43.02% |change= 32.74% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=124,786 |percentage=74.37% |change= 0.43% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,586 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 9.81% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Palanisamy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=62,863 |percentage=53.58% |change=+10.26 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vedaiyan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=50,797 |percentage=43.30% |change=+28.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Baskar |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,998 |percentage=2.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,066 |percentage=10.28% |change= 3.11% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=117,327 |percentage=73.93% |change= -5.50% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,577 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 10.26% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Palanisamy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=49,982 |percentage=43.32% |change=-11.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Kuppusamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,704 |percentage=36.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Dakshina Moorthi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,363 |percentage=15.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Archunan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=5,980 |percentage=5.18% |change=-39.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,278 |percentage=7.17% |change= -2.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=115,379 |percentage=79.43% |change= -3.90% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,593 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -11.12% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Uthirapathy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=59,834 |percentage=54.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Archunan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,019 |percentage=44.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Ambikapathi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,065 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,815 |percentage=9.84% |change= -12.55% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=109,918 |percentage=83.33% |change= 3.24% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 134,745 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -6.76% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Uthirapathy]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=62,051 |percentage=61.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vedaiyan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,345 |percentage=38.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,706 |percentage=22.39% |change= 2.97% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=101,396 |percentage=80.09% |change= 2.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 127,669 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 15.27% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Uthirapathy]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=43,208 |percentage=45.93% |change=-16.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Kuppusamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,934 |percentage=26.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Kannusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=19,721 |percentage=20.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Rajamanickam |party=Janata Party |votes=6,216 |percentage=6.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,274 |percentage=19.42% |change= -9.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,079 |percentage=77.91% |change= -3.49% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,892 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -16.91% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=C. Manali Kandasami |party=Communist Party of India |votes=40,714 |percentage=62.84% |change=+27.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Thayamanavang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,118 |percentage=34.14% |change=+7.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Pandian |party=Independent politician |votes=1,960 |percentage=3.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,596 |percentage=28.70% |change= 26.29% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,792 |percentage=81.41% |change= -5.10% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,504 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 24.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. Dharumalingam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,728 |percentage=38.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. C. Manali |party=Communist Party of India |votes=22,226 |percentage=35.63% |change=-20.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. R. Pillai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,424 |percentage=26.33% |change=-17.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,502 |percentage=2.41% |change= -10.14% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,378 |percentage=86.51% |change= 1.08% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,871 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -18.24% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Subbaiah |party=Communist Party of India |votes=45,148 |percentage=56.28% |change=+36.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vedaiyan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,078 |percentage=43.72% |change=+19.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,070 |percentage=12.55% |change= 11.25% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=80,226 |percentage=85.44% |change= -39.79% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,640 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 31.81% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Thiruthuraipoondi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Vedaiyan (Sc) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=54,049 |percentage=24.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Vedaratnam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=51,168 |percentage=23.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Kandasamy |party=Communist Party of India |votes=44,593 |percentage=20.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Vadivelu (Sc) |party=Communist Party of India |votes=40,418 |percentage=18.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Dharmalinga Thevar |party=Independent politician |votes=16,527 |percentage=7.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ambikapathi (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=14,161 |percentage=6.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,881 |percentage=1.30% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=220,916 |percentage=125.23% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 176,410 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|10.53|79.64|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tiruvarur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]

Kh-58

2026-04-21T11:52:19Z

TeenaDease50:

{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile = yes
| name = Kh-58 ([[NATO reporting name]]: AS-11 'Kilter')
| image = H-58U AS-11 Kilter 2008 G1.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = Kh-58U in the [[Ukrainian Air Force]] Museum
| origin = [[Soviet Union]]/[[Russia]]
| type = Air-launched [[anti-radiation missile]], [[surface-to-surface missile]]
| used_by = Russia, India, Algeria, Iran<ref name="Handbook" />
| wars = {{Tree list}}
*[[Iran–Iraq War]]<ref name="Cooper"/>
*[[Russo-Georgian War]]
*[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
**[[Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)|Russo-Ukrainian war]]<ref name="Williams"/>
{{Tree list/end}}
| designer =
| design_date = 1970s
| manufacturer = [[MKB Raduga|Raduga NPO]]
| unit_cost =
| propellant =
| production_date =
| service = 1982–present<ref name="Handbook" />
| engine = Solid rocket<ref name="Handbook" />
| engine_power =
| weight = {{convert|650|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="TMC" />
| length = {{convert|480|cm|ftin|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}<ref name="TMC" />
| height =
| diameter = {{convert|38|cm|in|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="TMC" />
| wingspan = {{convert|117|cm|in|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="TMC" />
| speed = Mach 3.6
| vehicle_range = Kh-58: up to {{convert|120|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} Kh-58U :{{convert|250|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}<ref name="Handbook" /> Kh-58E: {{convert|46|-|200|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}<ref name="TMC" />
| ceiling =
| altitude =
| filling = High Explosive<ref name="Handbook" />
| filling_weight = {{convert |149|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="TMC" />
| detonation =
| accuracy =
| yield =
| guidance = Inertial with passive radar seeker<ref name="Handbook" />
| launch_platform = Su-24M,<ref name="Handbook" /> Mig-25BM,<ref name="Handbook" /> Su-22M4,<ref name="TMC" /> Su-25TK,<ref name="TMC" /> Su-30MK,<ref name="Janes" /> Su-57E
}}

The '''Kh-58''' ({{langx|ru|[[Kha (Cyrillic)|Х]]-58}}; [[NATO reporting name|NATO]]: '''AS-11 'Kilter'''') is a Soviet [[anti-radiation missile]] with a range of 120 km. {{As of|2004}} the Kh-58U variant was still the primary anti-radiation missile of Russia and its allies.<ref name="Handbook">{{citation|title=International Electronic Countermeasures Handbook |last=Staff of Journal of Electronic Defense |publisher=Artech House |year=2004 |isbn=9781580538985 |pages=149–150 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8kePYFK1L8C&pg=PA149}}</ref> It is being superseded by the [[Kh-31]]. The [[NATO reporting name]] is "Kilter".

==Development==
The Bereznyak design bureau had developed the liquid-fuelled [[Kh-28]] (AS-9 ‘Kyle’) and the [[KSR-5]]P (AS-6) anti-radiation missiles.<ref name="Janes">{{citation |url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/Kh-58-AS-11-Kilter-Russian-Federation.html |title=Kh-58 (AS-11 'Kilter') |journal= Jane's Air-Launched Weapons |date=2007-10-24}}</ref> They merged with Raduga in 1967, so Raduga was given the contract in the early 1970s to develop a solid-fuel successor to the [[Kh-28]] to equip the new Su-24M 'Fencer-D' attack aircraft.<ref name="Janes" /> Consequently, the project was initially designated the Kh-24, before becoming the Kh-58.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}

During the 1980s a longer-range variant was developed, the Kh-58U, with lock-on-after-launch capability. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Raduga have offered several versions for export.<ref name="Janes" />

==Design==
It was designed to be used in conjunction with the Su-24's L-086A "Fantasmagoria A" or L-086B "Fantasmagoria B" target acquisition system.<ref name="Handbook" /> The range achieved depends heavily on the launch altitude, thus the original Kh-58 has a range of 36 km from low level, 120 km from {{convert |10000|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}, and 160 km from {{convert |15000|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}.<ref name="Handbook" />

Like other Soviet missiles of the time, the Kh-58 could be fitted with a range of seeker heads designed to target specific air defence radars such as [[MIM-14 Nike-Hercules]] or [[MIM-104 Patriot]].<ref name="Janes" />

==Operational history==
The Kh-58 was deployed in 1982 on the [[Su-24]]M 'Fencer D' in Soviet service.<ref name="Handbook" /> The Kh-58U entered service in 1991 on the Su-24M and MiG-25BM 'Foxbat-F'.<ref name="Handbook" /> The Kh-58E version can be carried on the Su-22M4 and Su-25TK as well,<ref name="TMC">{{citation | url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/511/516/ | title=X-58E | publisher=Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC | year=2004 | access-date=10 February 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928104055/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/511/516/ | archive-date=28 September 2007 | url-status=dead }}</ref> while the Kh-58UShE appears to be intended for Chinese Su-30MKK's.<ref name="Janes" />

Kh-58U missiles were first used in combat in November 1987 by Iraqi MiG-25BMs during the Iran-Iraq war against Iranian [[MIM-23 Hawk|MIM-23B Hawk]] batteries, disabling at least one radar. In July 1988, Iraqi forces used upgraded Kh-58Us and Kh-31Ps against Iranian Westinghouse ADS-4 low-band and long-range [[early-warning radar]]s, succeeding in destroying a radar site in [[Subashi, Iran|Subashi]] with two missiles.<ref name="Cooper">{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Bishop |first2=Farzad |title=Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units in Combat |date=20 November 2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-78200-761-6 |pages=74–75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5seDAAAQBAJ |access-date=27 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2007, a Russian Kh-58 missile was fired at a Georgian radar site near the town of Tsitelubani, but it missed and failed to explode.<ref name="Cohen"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Experts invited by Georgia say plane from Russia |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-russia-idUSL1514096320070815 |website=Reuters |access-date=27 August 2023 |language=en |date=15 August 2007}}</ref> During the 2008 [[Russo-Georgian war]], Russian forces made no use of anti-radiation missiles, likely due Georgian air defenses keeping their radar systems turned off until Russian aircraft were in range and turn them back on long enough to acquire and fire at their targets, and a possible lack of confidence of the Russian Air Force in their anti-radiation missiles capabilities following the [[2007 Georgia missile incident]].<ref name="Cohen">{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Ariel |title=The Russian Military and the Georgia War: Lessons and Implications |date=2011 |publisher=Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College |isbn=978-1-58487-491-1 |pages=20, 40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZxQ9pi7nlAC |access-date=27 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

The Kh-58 have also seen use during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to senior sources of the Ukrainian Air Force, some [[9K33 Osa]] and [[9K37 Buk]] systems were destroyed by Kh-31P and Kh-58 missiles during the war.<ref name="Williams">{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Ian |title=Putin's Missile War: Russia's Strike Campaign in Ukraine |date=16 August 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-7067-0 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3fREAAAQBAJ |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:MAKS Airshow 2013 (Ramenskoye Airport, Russia) (524-20).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Kh-58UShKE]]
* '''Kh-58''' (Izdeliye 112) - original version for the Su-24M.
* '''Kh-58U''' - improved version with longer range and lock-on-after-launch.
* '''Kh-58E''' - export version of Kh-58U,<ref name="Handbook" /> first offered in 1991.<ref name="Janes" />
* '''Kh-58EM''' - another version offered for export in the 1990s.<ref name="Janes" />
* '''Kh-58UShE''' (Uluchshennaya Shirokopolosnaya Exportnaya meaning 'Improved, Wideband, Export') - new wideband seeker in new radome, intended for [[Su-30MK]].<ref name="Janes" />
* '''Kh-58UShKE''' - version with folding fins for internal carriage in the [[Sukhoi Su-57]], first unveiled at [[MAKS (air show)|MAKS]] 2007.<ref>{{citation | title=Airshow China 2014: PAK-FA's new anti-radiation missile set for 2015 series production | url=http://www.janes.com/article/45773/airshow-china-2014-pak-fa-s-new-anti-radiation-missile-set-for-2015-series-production | journal=Jane's Defence Weekly | date=13 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kh-58UShKE Anti-Radiation Missile|website=Rosoboronexport|url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/kh-58ushke/}}</ref>
* '''Kh-58UShKE(TP)''' - version with added [[imaging infrared]] UV seeker, first unveiled at MAKS 2015.<ref name="JanesMAKS2015">{{cite web |title=MAKS 2015: KRTV adds IR seeker to Kh-58UShK anti-radiation missile |url=http://www.janes.com/article/53889/maks-2015-krtv-adds-ir-seeker-to-kh-58ushk-anti-radiation-missile |website=Jane's 360 |date=28 August 2015 |access-date=21 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831191024/http://www.janes.com/article/53889/maks-2015-krtv-adds-ir-seeker-to-kh-58ushk-anti-radiation-missile |archive-date=31 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Some Western sources have referred to a Kh-58A that is either optimised for naval radars or has an active seeker head for use as an anti-shipping missile - it probably represents another name for the Kh-58U.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025|reason=}}

==Operators==
[[File:Kh-58 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with Kh-58 operators in blue and former operators in red]]

===Current operators===
;{{flag|Belarus}}:
* [[Belarusian Air Force]]<ref name="Mladenov">{{harvnb|Mladenov|2013|pp=41-42}}</ref>
;{{IND}}:
* [[Indian Air Force]]<ref name="Handbook" />
;{{IRN}}:
* [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force]]<ref name="IISS2023">{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2023 |date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1032508955 |edition=1st |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}</ref>{{rp|327}}
;{{KAZ}}:
* [[Kazakh Air Defense Forces]]<ref name="IISS2023" />{{rp|180}}
;{{RUS}}:
* [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<ref name="Handbook" />
;{{UZB}}
* [[Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces]]<ref name="IISS2023" />{{rp|206}}

===Former operators===
;{{flag|Iraq|1963}}
* [[Iraqi Air Force]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Altobchi |first1=Ali |last2=Cooper |first2=Tom |last3=Fontanellaz |first3=Adrien |title=Al-Hussein: Iraqi indigenous conventional arms projects, 1980-2003 |date=2022 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-914377-18-1 |page=59}}</ref>
;{{USSR}}
* [[Soviet Air Forces]]<ref name="Handbook" />
;{{UKR}}
* [[Ukrainian Air Force]]<ref name="IISS2014">{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2014 |date=5 February 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1032508955 |edition=1st |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}</ref>{{rp|196}}

==See also==
* [[Martel missile]] - Anglo-French collaboration with 60 km range
* [[AGM-88 HARM]] - Current US Air Force anti-radar weapon, range of 150 km

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Citation|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two|year=2004|location=Hinckley, England|publisher=Midland Publishing|isbn=1-85780-188-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mladenov |first1=Alexander |title=Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot |date=2013 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-78200-359-5}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090101014834/http://personal.inet.fi/cool/foxfour/sovmis/sovmis-as.html Tuomas Närväinen's Homepage] - useful details

{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ASM}}
{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kh-058}}

[[Category:Anti-radiation missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:MKB Raduga products]]
[[Category:Anti-radiation missiles of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s]]

National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre

2026-04-21T10:59:58Z

TeenaDease50: Created first article w/ refs!

{{Infobox organization
| name = National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre
| abbreviation = NBCLC
| formation = {{start date and age|1967|2|6}}
| founder = [[D. S. Amalorpavadass]]
| type = Religious, Educational
| headquarters = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Mar Pauly Kannookadan (Bishop, [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Irinjalakuda|Irinjalakuda]])
| leader_title2 = Director
| leader_name2 = [[Antony John Baptist]]
| parent_organization = [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]] (CBCI)
| website = [https://www.nbclcindia.org/ www.nbclcindia.org]
}}

'''National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre''' (NBCLC) is a theological and pastoral formation institute under the auspices of the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]] (CBCI). It is located in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]], and serves the Catholic Church in India with a focus on biblical studies, catechetics, and liturgical renewal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institutions under CBCI |url=https://www.cbci.in/nationalcentersdetails?title=national-biblical,-catechetical-and-liturgical-centre-(nbclc) |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.cbci.in}}</ref>

== History ==
NBCLC was founded in the context of the reforms and renewal initiated by the [[Second Vatican Council]]. The initiative was led by [[D. S. Amalorpavadass]], who became the first director in October 1966.<ref name="ccbibible">{{Cite web |title=:: Conference of Catholic Bishops of India, Commission for Bible :: |url=https://www.ccbibible.in/history.html |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.ccbibible.in}}</ref>

The current director of the centre is [[Antony John Baptist]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New directors of the Biblical Departments of the CBF Full Members in India. |url=https://c-b-f.org/en/News/Regions/Asia/South-Asia/Changes-India |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=c-b-f.org}}</ref>

The centre was created to respond to the spiritual, liturgical, and catechetical needs of the Indian Catholic Church and continues to serve the [[Latin Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Church]], and [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]].<ref name="nbclc-official">{{Cite web |title=:: NBCLC :: |url=https://www.nbclcindia.org/history.php |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=www.nbclcindia.org}}</ref>

The centre seeks to contextualize the ministry of the Word of God through inculturation and dialogue with Indian religions, cultures, and social realities. It promotes theological education, biblical literacy, and the inculturation of liturgy and catechesis.<ref name="nbclc-official" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Ministers: Br Xavier Durai for India and Br Edilson Rocha for Brazil |url=https://ofm.org/en/new-ministers-br-xavier-durai-for-india-and-br-edilson-rocha-for-brazil.html |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=OFM.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The force behind the Aggiornamento 1976 |url=https://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-force-behind-the-aggiornamento-1976/56379/5 |access-date=2025-05-24 |newspaper=Herald Malaysia Online}}</ref>

== Programs and activities ==
NBCLC organizes retreats, seminars, training courses, and workshops for clergy, religious, and laity across India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ICM |first=Team |date=2024-11-26 |title=B'luru: Empowering Future Leaders – Deacons Unite for a Synodal Journey at NBCLC Seminar |url=https://www.indiancatholicmatters.org/bluru-empowering-future-leaders-deacons-unite-for-a-synodal-journey-at-nbclc-seminar/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Indian Catholic Matters |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=Mangalorean News |date=2024-11-26 |title=Priesthood Candidates National Seminar at NBCLC, Bangalore |url=https://www.mangalorean.com/priesthood-candidates-national-seminar-at-nbclc-bangalore/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Mangalorean.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.nbclcindia.org/}}
{{coord missing|India}}
[[Category:Catholic Church in India]]
{{morecat|date=April 2026}}

Gautompur

2026-04-16T21:44:12Z

TeenaDease50: created basic entry needs work

{{Short description|Village in Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
'''Gautompur''' ({{langx|ccp|𑄉𑄯𑄖𑄧𑄟𑄴𑄛𑄪𑄢𑄴}}) is a village in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India. According to the 2011 census it had a population of 2,426.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gautompur Bl.I - III Village Population - Diyun - Changlang, Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/264345-gautompur-bl-i--iii-arunachal-pradesh.html |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Arunachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Changlang district]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Yaiskul Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:42:45Z

TeenaDease50: data

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Manipur State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Yaiskul
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| mla = [[Thokchom Satyabrata Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Manipur]]
| district = [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]
| established = 1974
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| electors = {{formatnum:26794}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14166-manipur-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Manipur General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 14
| map_image = File:Map of Yaiskul AC.pdf
}}

'''Yaiskul Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 60 [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Manipur]] state in [[India]].<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/magazine/2019/gels/CEO%20Report%202019%20.pdf |title= Report - General Election to Lok Sabha, 2019|website=ceomanipur.nic.in |date= |author=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= December 27, 2020}}</ref>

It is part of [[Imphal East district]].

== Extent ==
Yaiskul is the 14th among 60 assembly constituencies of Manipur. It consists of 38 parts namely: 1 - Moirangkhom (A), 2 - Moirangkhom (B), 3 - Moirangkhom (C), 4 - Janmasthan, 5 - Moirangkhom, 6 - Wangkhei Ningthem Pukhri Mapal (A), 7 - Wangkhei Ningthem Pukhri Mapal (B), 8 - Wangkhei Ningthem Pukhri Mapal (C), 9 - Loklaobung Sougaijam Mamang Leikai, 10 - Moirangkhom Loklaobung, 11 - Wangkhei Thangapat Mapal (A), 12 - Wangkhei Puja Lampak, 13 - Wangkhei Thangapat Mapal (B), 14 - Brahamapur Nahabam Leikai (A), 15 - Brahamapur Nahabam Leikai (B), 16 - Wangkhei Konsam Leikai (B), 17 - Wangkhei Konsam Leikai (C), 18 - Yaiskul Yumnam Leikai, 19 - Shougaijam Leirak, 20 - Rajbari (A), 21 - Mahabali, 22 - Rajbari (B), 23 - Rajbari (C), 24 - Brahamapur Aribam Leikai (A), 25 - Brahamapur Aribam Leikai (B), 26 - Brahamapur Mangge Makhong (B), 27 - Brahamapur Nahabam (A), 28 - Brahamapur Mange Makhong (A), 29 - Wangkhei Konsam Leikai (A), 30 - Wangkhei Konsam Leikai (D), 31 - Wangkhei Tokpam Leikai (West), 32 - Wangkhei Thangjam Leikai (B), 33 - Wangkhei Konsam Leikai (E), 34 - Wangkhei Konsam Leikai (F), 35 - Wangkhei Thangjam Leikai (A), 36 - Brahmapur Bheigyabati Leikai (A), 37 - Brahmapur Bheigyabati Leikai (B), and 38 - Singjamei Wangma Bheigyabati Leikai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chief Electoral Officer |first=Manipur |date=Jan 2023 |title=Electoral Roll SSR 2023 |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/eroll}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
Source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Yaiskul Election Result 2022 LIVE: Yaiskul MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/yaiskul-assembly-elections-mn-14/ |website=www.oneindia.com |access-date=8 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || rowspan=4 | [[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Manipur Peoples Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Elangbam Kunjeswar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || rowspan=2 | [[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]]
|-
| [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
| [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || Elangbam Kunjeswar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2009 elections in India#Manipur|2009 by-election]] || Elangbam Suraj Singh
|-
| [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || Elangbam Chand Singh
|-
| [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || rowspan=2 | [[Thokchom Satyabrata Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2022|2022]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|40.25}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2017|2017]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|36.60}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2012|2012]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|33.64}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly By-election 2009|2009 by-election]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.95}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2007|2007]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|59.88}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2002|2002]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|45.01}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2000|2000]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|51.09}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1995|1995]]|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|35.88}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.34}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.76}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|41.84}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|36.15}}

}}
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thokchom Satyabrata Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,724 |percentage=40.25% |change={{increase}}3.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Huidrom Vikramjit Singh |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=9,092 |percentage=37.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thounaojam Brinda |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=4,574 |percentage=18.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ningombam Helendro Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=526 |percentage=2.18% |change={{decrease}}31.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajkumar Suraj Singh |party=Shiv Sena |votes=122 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=119 |percentage=0.49% |change={{decrease}}0.78 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=632 |percentage=2.62% |change= {{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,157 |percentage=90.16% |change= {{increase}}3.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,794 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thokchom Satyabrata Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,014 |percentage=36.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Chand Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,444 |percentage=34.00% |change={{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Helendro Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,621 |percentage=25.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Athokpam Keshor Singh |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=397 |percentage=1.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=278 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yumlembam Nogen |party=Communist Party of India |votes=143 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=570 |percentage=2.60% |change= {{increase}}0.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,897 |percentage=86.33% |change= {{increase}}2.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,363 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.57 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Chand Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,650 |percentage=33.64% |change={{decrease}}16.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hanjabam Jayadeva Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=6,325 |percentage=31.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hareshwar Goshwami |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=4,662 |percentage=23.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thokchom Satyabrata Singh]] |party=Independent politician |votes=2,133 |percentage=10.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=325 |percentage=1.64% |change= {{decrease}}3.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,770 |percentage=83.85% |change= {{increase}}0.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,579 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}16.32 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 elections in India#Manipur|2009 Manipur Legislative Assembly by-election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Suraj Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,799 |percentage=49.95% |change={{decrease}}9.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hanjabam Jayadeva Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=8,856 |percentage=45.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Soubam Rajendrakumar Singh |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=834 |percentage=4.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aribam Jagdish Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=127 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=943 |percentage=4.81% |change= {{decrease}}17.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,616 |percentage=83.43% |change= {{increase}}1.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,511 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.27 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.92 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Kunjeswar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,567 |percentage=59.88% |change={{increase}}21.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=7,321 |percentage=37.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Huidrom Badankumar Singh |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=356 |percentage=1.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,246 |percentage=21.98% |change= {{increase}}15.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,318 |percentage=81.95% |change= {{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,574 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,107 |percentage=45.01% |change={{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Kunjeswar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,981 |percentage=38.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurumayum Joykumar Sharma |party=Manipur National Conference |votes=1,669 |percentage=9.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lt. Col. H. Sarat Singh |party=Democratic Revolutionary Peoples Party |votes=992 |percentage=5.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Lungpuijei |party=Samata Party |votes=264 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,126 |percentage=6.25% |change= {{increase}}3.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,013 |percentage=82.57% |change= {{decrease}}6.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,816 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.78 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,798 |percentage=51.09% |change={{increase}}15.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Kunjeswar Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=9,221 |percentage=48.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=577 |percentage=3.01% |change= {{increase}}0.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,179 |percentage=89.48% |change= {{increase}}0.67 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,434 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.13 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Kunjeswar Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,932 |percentage=35.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurumayum Joykumar Sharma |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=5,461 |percentage=33.03% |change={{increase}}7.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hanjabam Kunjakishor Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,613 |percentage=15.80% |change={{decrease}}26.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sougaijam Somorjit Singh |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=1,346 |percentage=8.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manihar Goswami |party=Janata Dal |votes=590 |percentage=3.57% |change={{decrease}}28.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Loitongbam Iboyaima Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=361 |percentage=2.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=471 |percentage=2.85% |change= {{decrease}}7.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,534 |percentage=88.81% |change= {{increase}}0.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,617 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.22 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.46 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,708 |percentage=42.34% |change={{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Elangbam Kunjeswar Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=5,047 |percentage=31.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurumayum Joykumar Sharma |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,007 |percentage=25.29% |change={{increase}}11.92 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,661 |percentage=10.48% |change= {{decrease}}8.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,844 |percentage=88.70% |change= {{increase}}6.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,863 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1984 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,157 |percentage=41.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ayekpam Biramangol Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,796 |percentage=22.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurumayum Joykumar Sharma |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=1,651 |percentage=13.37% |change={{decrease}}5.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hanjabam Kunjakishor Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,487 |percentage=12.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=W. Kulabidhu Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=857 |percentage=6.94% |change={{decrease}}17.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nongmaithem Nirpen |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=121 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maharajkumar Lakshmikanta |party=Independent politician |votes=107 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,361 |percentage=19.12% |change= {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,350 |percentage=82.15% |change= {{increase}}5.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,033 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.56 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=4,609 |percentage=41.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ayekpam Biramangol Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=2,744 |percentage=24.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurumayum Joykumar Sharma |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=2,087 |percentage=18.94% |change={{decrease}}17.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hawaibam Nilamani Singh |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=746 |percentage=6.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Loitongbam Iboyaina Singh |party=Janata Party (Secular) |votes=553 |percentage=5.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Norton Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=97 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,865 |percentage=16.93% |change= {{increase}}12.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,017 |percentage=76.63% |change= {{decrease}}8.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,377 |ref = |change= {{increase}}32.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= {{increase}}5.68 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]] |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,319 |percentage=36.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hawaibam Nilamani Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,935 |percentage=31.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laisram Achaw Singh |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=2,778 |percentage=30.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=384 |percentage=4.18% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,180 |percentage=84.69% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,839 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Imphal East district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Manipur Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/81-manipur/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Manipur}}
{{coord|24.79|93.94|display=title}}

[[Category:Imphal East district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Manipur]]
[[Category:Politics of Manipur]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Manipur]]

Santhemarahalli Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:59Z

TeenaDease50: put up

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Santhemarahalli
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]]
| division = [[Mysore division|Mysore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1962
| reservation = SC
| abolished = 2008
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| electors =
}}
'''Santhemarahalli Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan="2" | [[B. Rachaiah]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || K. Siddaiah
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || M. Madaiah (Ramasamundra) || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | [[B. Rachaiah]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || K. Siddaiah || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="2" | [[A. R. Krishnamurthy]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[R. Dhruvanarayana]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. Dhruvanarayana]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,752 |percentage = 42.77% |change = {{increase}}29.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[A. R. Krishnamurthy]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 40,751 |percentage = 42.77% |change = {{increase}}32.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Krishna Murthy. C. M |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,742 |percentage = 6.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hemavathi. S |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,556 |percentage = 3.73% |change = {{decrease}}30.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Krishna Murthy. M. S |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,385 |percentage = 2.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadevaiah. P |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 2,091 |percentage = 2.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.00% |change = {{decrease}}7.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,295 |percentage = 72.19% |change = {{decrease}}0.59 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 95,277}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,014 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.84 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (United) |swing = {{increase}}0.92 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[A. R. Krishnamurthy]] |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 33,977 |percentage = 41.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. Dhruvanarayana]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,071 |percentage = 34.58% |change = {{increase}}1.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. M. Mahadedevappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,803 |percentage = 13.31% |change = {{increase}}9.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Mahadevaiah |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 8,327 |percentage = 10.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,906 |percentage = 7.28% |change = {{decrease}}7.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,091 |percentage = 72.78% |change = {{decrease}}0.79 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,178}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 7,872 |percentage = 8.84% |change = {{increase}}6.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,416 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.89 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (United) |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}6.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[A. R. Krishnamurthy]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 39,905 |percentage = 48.12% |change = {{increase}}16.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Gopal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,652 |percentage = 33.34% |change = {{increase}}32.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Someshwara |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 6,921 |percentage = 8.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Siddaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,184 |percentage = 3.84% |change = {{decrease}}53.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Mahadevaiah |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 2,058 |percentage = 2.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Puttamadaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,093 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chikkaramaiayh |party = Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha |votes = 563 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Malathi. S. S |party = Independent politician |votes = 556 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,253 |percentage = 14.78% |change = {{decrease}}10.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 85,048 |percentage = 73.57% |change = {{increase}}3.04 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 82,927}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,110 |percentage = 2.48% |change = {{decrease}}5.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,604 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.85 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Siddaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,066 |percentage = 56.95% |change = {{increase}}14.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[A. R. Krishnamurthy]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 22,310 |percentage = 31.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. P. Puttabuddi |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,264 |percentage = 6.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Krishna |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,683 |percentage = 2.39% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kerehalli Devaiah |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 765 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Lingaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 451 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,756 |percentage = 25.24% |change = {{increase}}16.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,307 |percentage = 70.53% |change = {{decrease}}1.64 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,356}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,951 |percentage = 7.80% |change = {{increase}}5.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,192 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.02 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Rachaiah]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 31,519 |percentage = 51.67% |change = {{decrease}}7.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,149 |percentage = 42.87% |change = {{increase}}8.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallanna |party = Lokdal |votes = 2,456 |percentage = 4.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. S. Mahadevaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 872 |percentage = 1.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,370 |percentage = 8.80% |change = {{decrease}}16.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,458 |percentage = 72.17% |change = {{increase}}8.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,996}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,462 |percentage = 2.34% |change = {{decrease}}0.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,542 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.37 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}7.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Rachaiah]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 30,954 |percentage = 59.26% |change = {{increase}}17.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,922 |percentage = 34.31% |change = {{increase}}31.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Madiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,774 |percentage = 3.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Swamy. N. B. N |party = Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes = 857 |percentage = 1.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagaraja. K. B |party = Independent politician |votes = 729 |percentage = 1.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,032 |percentage = 24.95% |change = {{increase}}21.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,871 |percentage = 63.72% |change = {{decrease}}4.06 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,236}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,635 |percentage = 3.04% |change = {{decrease}}0.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,539 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.52 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}14.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. Madaiah (Ramasamundra) |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 23,026 |percentage = 44.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. M. Siddayya |party = Janata Party |votes = 21,398 |percentage = 41.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. C. Biligiri Ranaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,093 |percentage = 7.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. M. Kantharaj |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,453 |percentage = 2.83% |change = {{decrease}}54.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Madaiah (Johtigownapura) |party = Independent politician |votes = 835 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Neelakantaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 608 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,628 |percentage = 3.17% |change = {{decrease}}22.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,291 |percentage = 67.78% |change = {{increase}}22.64 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,413}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,878 |percentage = 3.52% |change = {{increase}}3.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,623 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.09 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.21 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Siddaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,769 |percentage = 57.00% |change = {{decrease}}16.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Baavanna |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 8,112 |percentage = 31.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Basavaraju |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,912 |percentage = 7.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Madiah |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 1,119 |percentage = 4.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,657 |percentage = 25.69% |change = {{decrease}}32.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,870 |percentage = 45.14% |change = {{decrease}}23.92 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,912}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,522 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}16.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Rachaiah]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,082 |percentage = 73.31% |change = {{increase}}19.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. H. Siddaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,861 |percentage = 14.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Madiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,472 |percentage = 4.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Rachaiah |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 1,447 |percentage = 4.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Puttaswamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 989 |percentage = 3.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,221 |percentage = 58.51% |change = {{increase}}50.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,288 |percentage = 69.06% |change = {{increase}}1.24 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,851}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,099 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.94 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}19.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Santhemarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Rachaiah]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,796 |percentage = 53.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Basaviah |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 14,240 |percentage = 45.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. N. Rachaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 464 |percentage = 1.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,556 |percentage = 8.11% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,345 |percentage = 67.82% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,500}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,164 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{Coord|12.043667|76.979520|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Chamarajanagar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Faridul Haq Khan

2026-04-09T03:43:11Z

TeenaDease50: Stub

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| name = Md. Faridul Haq Khan
| native_name = মো: ফরিদুল হক খান
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Md Faridul Haque Khan Dhaka 2023.jpg
| caption = Khan in 2023
| office = [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Bangladesh)|Minister of Religious Affairs]]
| prime_minister = [[Sheikh Hasina]]
| term_start = 11 January 2024
| term_end = 6 August 2024
| predecessor = [[Motiur Rahman (politician, born 1942)|Motiur Rahman]]
| successor = [[A F M Khalid Hossain]]
| constituency_MP1 = [[Jamalpur-2]]
| parliament1 = Bangladesh
| term_start1 = 12 January 2009
| term_end1 = 6 August 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Sultan Mahmud Babu]]
| successor1 =

| office2 = [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Bangladesh)|Minister of State for Religious Affairs]]
| prime_minister2 = [[Sheikh Hasina]]
| term_start2 = 24 Nov 2020
| term_end2 = 10 January 2024
| predecessor2 = [[Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah (Bangladeshi politician)|Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah]]
| successor2 = Vacant

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1956|1|2}}
| birth_place = Uttar Shirajbad, [[Islampur Upazila|Islampur]], [[Jamalpur District]], [[East Pakistan]]
| party = [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
| nickname = Dulal
}}

'''Md. Faridul Haq Khan''' is a [[Bangladesh Awami League]] politician, a former minister of religious affairs, and a former [[Jatiya Sangsad]] member representing the [[Jamalpur-2]] constituency.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sugarcane crushing starts in two mills|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-163932|access-date=23 February 2018|work=The Daily Star|date=28 November 2010|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Khan was born on 2 January 1956 in Uttar Shirajbad, [[Islampur Upazila|Islampur]], [[Jamalpur District]], [[East Pakistan]]. He studied up to high school, completing his HSC.<ref>{{cite news|title=Md. Faridul Haque Khan|url=https://amarmp.com/mp/540|access-date=23 February 2018|work=Amarmp}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh Election Result 2014|url=http://election.dhakatribune.com/members/view/492|access-date=23 February 2018|work=election.dhakatribune.com|publisher=Dhaka Tribune|archive-date=23 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171435/http://election.dhakatribune.com/members/view/492|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
Khan was elected to parliament from [[Jamalpur-2]] as a candidate of the Bangladesh Awami League. He beat Sultan Mahmud Babu, the candidate of Bangladesh Nationalist Party, to win the election.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jamalpur hopefuls prepare for national polls|url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/arcprint/details/129116/2017-12-22|access-date=23 February 2018|work=The Independent|location=Dhaka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223110948/http://www.theindependentbd.com/arcprint/details/129116/2017-12-22=|archive-date=23 February 2018}}</ref> On 24 November 2020 he takes oath as state minister for religious affairs.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jamalpur MP Faridul Haque set to become new state minister for religious affairs|url=https://www.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/jamalpur-mp-faridul-haque-set-to-become-new-state-minister-for-religious-affairs-1606202891|access-date=2022-05-16|work=The Financial Express|location=Dhaka|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Md Faridul Haq}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Awami League politicians]]
[[Category:9th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:10th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:11th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:12th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:State ministers of religious affairs of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Ministers of religious affairs of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:People from Jamalpur District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mymensingh Division]]

{{Mymensingh-AL-politician-stub}}

Yaraana (1995 film)

2026-04-08T00:09:36Z

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{{short description|1995 Indian film by David Dhawan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yaraana
| image = Yaraana (1995 film).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[David Dhawan]]
| writer = [[Reema Rakesh Nath]]
| producer = Yusuf Bhatt Reema Rakesh Nath
| starring = [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Madhuri Dixit]] [[Raj Babbar]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Rajan Kinagi
| editing = A. Muthu
| music = [[Anu Malik]]
| distributor = Samna Films
| released = {{film date|df=y|1995|10|20}}
| runtime = 126 mins<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/yaraana-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zndcxmdk|title=Yaraana|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}4.75 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2920|title=Yaraana – Movie|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}9.08 crore<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Yaraana''''' ({{translation|"Friendship"}}) is a 1995 [[Bollywood]] [[romantic thriller]] film directed by [[David Dhawan]] and starring [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Raj Babbar]], [[Shakti Kapoor]], [[Kader Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/madhuri-dixit-recalls-working-with-rishi-kapoor-saroj-khan-as-yaraana-clocks-25-years/articleshow/78777560.cms|title=Madhuri Dixit recalls working with Rishi Kapoor, Saroj Khan as 'Yaraana' clocks 25 years|date= 21 October 2020|publisher=timesofindia.Indiatimes.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1808722561/info|title=Yaraana (1995)|publisher=Yahoo movies}}</ref> It is loosely based on the American film ''[[Sleeping with the Enemy (1991 film)|Sleeping with the Enemy]]'', starring [[Julia Roberts]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.khaleejtimes.com/weekend/inside.asp?xfile=/data/weekend/2010/September/weekend_September27.xml&section=weekend|title= Hollywood Bollywood|author= Bose, Sushmita|date= 10 September 2010|work= [[Khaleej Times]]|access-date= 29 February 2012|archive-date= 20 September 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100920010012/http://khaleejtimes.com/weekend/inside.asp?xfile=/data/weekend/2010/September/weekend_September27.xml&section=weekend|url-status= dead}}</ref> The film is known for the song "[[Mera Piya Ghar Aaya]]".<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1418/14181230.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011230173145/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1418/14181230.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 December 2001|title=The stilled voice |author=Amit Baruah, R. Padmanabhan|publisher=[[The Hindu]], [[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]|date=6 September 1997}}</ref>

At the [[41st Filmfare Awards]], ''Yaraana'' won [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] for [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]] (for "Mera Piya Ghar Aaya"), in addition to a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] nomination for [[Madhuri Dixit]].

== Plot ==

Lalita catches the eye of JB and he immediately falls in love with her and decides that he must have her. Her uncle Madhi arranges for them to get married but he is only doing this because JB is paying him to. When she refuses the matrimonial alliance, JB kidnaps her and keeps her at his home until the day of the wedding. She is literally watched over by JB every day in case she tries to escape. On the day of the wedding, Lalita faints and uses this to escape. She also moves her mother away and barely escapes JB who assumes that she has been killed after he saw her being hit by a car. In fact, Lalita swapped her wedding attire with another woman, so the lady that JB saw being hit by the car was not Lalita.

Lalita escapes the city and meets Raj who at first she uses as a cover but they both fall in love with each other. She uses the name Shikha instead of her name. Raj's grandfather, Rai Saheb is happy that his grandson wants to marry Shikha and he arranges their wedding. Unfortunately, JB finds out that Lalita is still alive through her mother and quickly traces her. JB tells Raj and his grandfather who Lalita really is with the help of her devious uncle. Lalita is taken away and is forced to be a dutiful wife, which in JB's terms means that she has to stay with him forever. In the end Raj kills JB when the latter trying to kill Lalita and both Raj and Lalita get married and they live happily ever after.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Raj
* [[Madhuri Dixit]] as Lalita / Shikha
* [[Raj Babbar]] as JB / Inspector Pradhan
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Banke
* [[Kader Khan]] as Rai Sahib
* [[Tej Sapru]] as Madanlal "Madhi"
* [[Anil Dhawan]] as Dr. Rashid
* [[Satish Kaul]] as Inspector
* [[Vikas Anand]] as Sheru, Father of Girl Who Dies In Accident
* Brij Gopal as Man Who Brought Mangoes for JB
* [[Dina Pathak]] as Durga
* [[Sulabha Deshpande]] as Mrs. D'Souza
* [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] as Beggar / Mungerilal (Special appearance)
* [[Himani Shivpuri]] as Beggar / Champa (Special appearance)
* [[David Dhawan]] as Cyclist in Jadoo Jadoo song (Uncredited)
}}

== Awards ==

; [[41st Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki><ref>{{cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Filmfare winners of the year 1996 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |publisher=filmfare. Com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 October 2020 |title=Madhuri Dixit remembers Rishi, dancing to Mere Piya Ghar Aaya with Saroj Khan on 25 YO Yaraana |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/madhuri-dixit-remembers-rishi-dancing-to-mere-piya-ghar-aaya-with-saroj-khan-on-25-yo-yaraana-1733658-2020-10-21 |publisher=indiatoday.in}}</ref>

'''Won'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] – [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]] for "Mera Piya Ghar Aaya"

'''Nominated'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – [[Madhuri Dixit]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yaraana
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anu Malik]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 20 October 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saavn.com/p/album/hindi/yaraana-1995/FOTKi-aA3LM_|title=Yaraana – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=20 October 1995 |publisher=Jiosaavn}}</ref>
| recorded = 1995
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 43:06
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|irBgHEh5jwE|Yaraana- Full Album}}
}}}}

The music was composed by [[Anu Malik]] with lyrics written by [[Rahat Indori]], [[Anwar Sagar]], Rani Malik & [[Maya Govind]]. The songs are sung by [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sapna Mukherjee]], [[Vinod Rathod]].

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:92%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Aaja Aaja Maahi"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| "Noorani Chehrewale"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| "Mera Piya Ghar Aaya"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| "Jane Woh Kaisa Chor"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
| "Mohabbat Ke Nazar-E-Karam Chahta Hoon"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Vinod Rathod]]
|-
| "Rabbi Re Ralli, Gulaab Ki Kali Dil Churake Mera"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Jaadu Jaadu Jaadu"
| [[Sapna Mukherjee]], [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
|}

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0115009|title=Yaraana}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|yaraana}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|yaraana}}

{{David Dhawan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yaraana (1995 Film)}}
[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:1995 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by David Dhawan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anu Malik]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Films about domestic violence]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:1990s psychological drama films]]
[[Category:1990s romantic thriller films]]

India national under-23 football team

2026-03-29T16:47:20Z

TeenaDease50: basic corrected formatting for accuracy and fixed typos per standard format

{{Short description|Men's under-23 national association football team representing India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox national football team
| Name = India U-23
| Badge = Indian Football 2020.svg
| Badge_size = 175px
| Nickname = The Blue Colts
| FIFA Trigramme = IND
| Association = [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]]
| Confederation = [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] (Asia)
|Sub-confederation = [[South Asian Football Federation|SAFF]] ([[South Asia]])
| Coach = [[Naushad Moosa]]
| Captain = [[Bikash Yumnam]]
| Most caps =
| Top scorer =
| Home Stadium =

| pattern_la1 = _ind24h
| pattern_b1 = _ind24h
| pattern_ra1 = _ind24h
| pattern_sh1 = _ind24h
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = 0080FF
| body1 = 0080FF
| rightarm1 = 0080FF
| shorts1 = 0080FF
| socks1 = 0080FF
| pattern_la2 = _ind24a
| pattern_b2 = _ind24a
| pattern_ra2 = _ind24a
| pattern_sh2 = _ind24a
| pattern_so2 = _ind24a
| leftarm2 = FA5628
| body2 = FA5628
| rightarm2 = FA5628
| shorts2 = FA5628
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| First game = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}} 1–1 {{fbu|23|OMN}} ([[Hyderabad]], India; 4 August 1991)
| Largest win = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}} 6–0 {{fbu|23|BRU}} ([[Doha]], Qatar; 9 September 2025)
| Largest loss= {{fbu|23|JPN}} 5–0 {{fbu|23|IND}} ([[Guangzhou]], China; 16 November 2010) {{fbu-rt|23|IND}} 0–5 {{fbu|23|UAE}} ([[Incheon]], South Korea; 15 September 2014)
| Regional name =
| Regional cup apps =
| Regional cup first =
| Regional cup best =
| 2ndRegional name = [[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]
| 2ndRegional cup apps = 5
| 2ndRegional cup first = [[Football at the 2002 Asian Games|2002]]
| 2ndRegional cup best = Round of 16 ([[Football at the 2010 Asian Games|2010]], [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2022]])
| 3rdRegional name = [[SAFF Championship]]
| 3rdRegional cup apps = 1
| 3rdRegional cup first = [[2009 SAFF Championship|2009]]
| 3rdRegional cup best = '''Champions''' ([[2009 SAFF Championship|2009]])
| 4thRegional name = [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]
| 4thRegional cup apps = 4
| 4thRegional cup first = [[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games|2004]]
| 4thRegional cup best = Runners–up ([[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games|2004]], [[Football at the 2016 South Asian Games – Men's tournament|2016]])
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[SAFF Championship]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2009 SAFF Championship|2009 Bangladesh]]|[[2015 SAFF Championship squads|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Football at the 2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati & Shillong]]|[[Football at the 2016 South Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games|2004 Islamabad]]|[[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Team]]}}
}}

The '''India national under-23 football team''' represents [[India]] in international under-23 [[association football|football]] and is controlled by the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF). A member of the [[Asian Football Confederation]] (AFC), the team is eligible to compete in the [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympic Games]], the [[AFC U-23 Asian Cup]], and the [[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games]], subject to qualification.

Since only allowing under-23 sides to compete in the Olympic Games in 1992, India have never qualified for the summer games. The under-23 side have also never participated in the AFC U-23 Asian Cup while at best only making it to the round of 16 in the Asian Games.

==History==
===Asian Games===
====2002 Busan Games====
The under-23 side participated in their first ever tournament during the [[2002 Asian Games]] in [[Busan]], [[South Korea]]. They were put into a group with [[China national under-23 football team|China]], [[Turkmenistan national under-23 football team|Turkmenistan]], and [[Bangladesh national under-23 football team|Bangladesh]]. Their first match was against Bangladesh. India won 3–0 through a brace from future [[India national football team|senior]] captain [[Baichung Bhutia]] and a strike from [[Renedy Singh]]. India played their second match two days later against Turkmenistan. They won 3–1. Bhutia again scored a brace while [[Abhishek Yadav (footballer)|Abhishek Yadav]] scored the third goal as India ran out 3–1 winners. Unfortunately, in their final match against China, India could not find the net as they fell 2–0 and thus were knocked-out of the Asian Games.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Games 2002 (South Korea)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames02.html|work=RSSSF|access-date=26 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502202003/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/asgames02.html|archive-date=2 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

====2006 Doha Games====
During the [[2006 Asian Games]] India were placed in a group with [[Iran national under-23 football team|Iran]], [[Hong Kong national under-23 football team|Hong Kong]], and [[Maldives national under-23 football team|Maldives]]. In their first match against Hong Kong, India drew 1–1 with [[Pappachen Pradeep]] scoring the lone Indian goal. In their second match, India faced off against Maldives and won 2–1. [[Irungbam Surkumar Singh]] and [[Subhas Sumbhu Chakrobarty]] were the scorers for India that night. Finally, in their last match against Iran, India once again lost 2–0 and thus were once again knocked-out of the Asian Games.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Games 2006 (Qatar)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames06.html|work=RSSSF|access-date=26 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615105402/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/asgames06.html|archive-date=15 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

====2010 Guangzhou Games====
During the [[2010 Asian Games]] in [[Guangzhou]], [[China]], India were placed in a group with [[Qatar national under-23 football team|Qatar]], [[Athletes from Kuwait at the 2010 Asian Games|Kuwait Athletes]], and [[Singapore national under-23 football team|Singapore]]. India lost their first match against the Kuwait Athletes 2–0 and then lost their second match against Qatar 2–1 with the lone India goal coming from [[Dharmaraj Ravanan]]. India went on to win their final match of the group stage against Singapore 4–1. Four players scored each goal, [[Jewel Raja]], [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]], [[Jibon Singh]], and [[Manish Maithani]]. The victory managed to help India finish in third-place which then helped India become the best third-place team out of all the other third-placed teams and thus qualified them for the Round of 16.

In the Round of 16, India took on powerhouse [[Japan national under-23 football team|Japan]] at the [[Huangpu Sports Center]]. India went on to lose the match 5–0 with [[Kensuke Nagai]] scoring a brace and [[Ryohei Yamazaki]], [[Kazuya Yamamura]], and [[Kota Mizunuma]] scoring a goal each.<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Asian Games |url=http://www.gz2010.cn/en/ |work=Olympic Association of Asia |access-date=26 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602185411/http://www.gz2010.cn/en/ |archive-date=2 June 2014 }}</ref>

====2014 Incheon Games====
For the [[2014 Asian Games]] in [[Incheon]], [[South Korea]], India were placed in Group G with [[Jordan national under-23 football team|Jordan]] and the [[United Arab Emirates national under-23 football team|United Arab Emirates]]. In their first match against the United Arab Emirates, India went down 5–0. Seven days later, India were defeated by Jordan 2–0 to end their Asian Games participation.<ref>{{cite web|title=2014 Asian Games|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2014.html|website=RSSSF|access-date=4 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115073358/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/asgames2014.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
====2022 Hangzhou Games====
At the [[2022 Asian Games]] in [[Hangzhou]], [[China]], India were placed in Group A with [[China national under-23 football team|China]], [[Myanmar national under-23 football team|Myanmar]] and the [[Bangladesh national under-23 football team|Bangladesh]]. In the first match China defeated India 1–5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games/india-vs-china-live-score-asian-games-2023-football-hangzhou-2022-ind-chn-sunil-chhetri-igor-stimac-updates-highlights/article67321968.ece|title=India vs China football highlights, Asian Games 2023: IND 1-5 CHN, Sunil Chhetri and Co. slump to loss in opener|date=19 September 2023 |access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref> India won their next Match against Bangladesh 1–0 and played out a 1–1 draw with Myanmar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/india-bangladesh-live-score-asian-games-2023-ind-vs-ban-updates-streaming-highlights-lineups/article67329389.ece|title=India 1-0 Bangladesh football HIGHLIGHTS, Asian Games: Sunil Chhetri scores as India beats Bangladesh to keep R-16 qualification hopes alive|date=21 September 2023 |access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/india-vs-myanmar-men-s-football-live-score-asian-games-2023-sunil-chhetri-101695549378881.html|title=Hangzhou Asian Games: India play out 1-1 draw with Myanmar, enter round of 16 in men's football|date=24 September 2023 |access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref> But in the Round of 16 they lost against [[Saudi Arabia national under-23 football team|Saudi Arabia]] 0–2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/indian-football-team-crashes-out-of-asian-games-after-0-2-defeat-against-saudi-arabia/articleshow/104022818.cms|title=Indian football team crashes out of Asian Games after 0-2 defeat against Saudi Arabia|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 September 2023 |access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref>

===Other tournaments===
====2009 SAFF Championship====
Before the [[2009 SAFF Championship]] in [[Bangladesh]], it was announced that India would send the under-23 side to the tournament.<ref>{{cite news|title=SAFF Cup Comment: India U-23, Not India, Signal Better Times For Indian Football|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2773/saff-championship/2009/12/15/1687594/saff-cup-comment-india-u-23-not-india-signal-better-times|access-date=4 July 2017|work=Goal.com|date=15 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319034859/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2773/saff-championship/2009/12/15/1687594/saff-cup-comment-india-u-23-not-india-signal-better-times|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> India were placed in Group A with [[Afghanistan national football team|Afghanistan]], [[Maldives national football team|Maldives]], and [[Nepal national football team|Nepal]]. In their first match against Afghanistan, India won 1–0 through [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India 1 - 0 Afghanistan: Jeje's winner|url=http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2919|access-date=4 July 2017|work=Maldives Soccer|date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223091347/http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2919|archive-date=23 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In their next match against Nepal, a [[Sushilkumar Singh Chongtham|Sushil Kumar Singh]] goal was the difference as India won again 1–0.<ref>{{cite news|title=India 1 – 0 Nepal: India into semi final|url=http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2932|access-date=4 July 2017|work=Maldives Soccer|date=7 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223091410/http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2932|archive-date=23 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Despite losing the last match of the group stage to Maldives 2–0 India were still through to the semi-finals.

India defeated [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh]] in the semi-finals 1–0 through Sushil Kumar Singh.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh 0 - 1 India: Hosts crash out|url=http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2953|access-date=4 July 2017|work=Maldives Soccer|date=11 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223091432/http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2953|archive-date=23 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Finally, in the final against Maldives, India won through penalties 3–1 after finishing extra-time with the score at 0–0 to win the championship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maldives 0 - 0 India: India wins on penalties|url=http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2969|access-date=4 July 2017|work=Maldives Soccer|date=13 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223091505/http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2969|archive-date=23 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Results and fixtures==
''For past match results of the national team, see the team's '''[[India national under-23 football team results|results page]]'''.''

''Matches in the last 12 months, and future scheduled matches'' 
;Legend
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|'''W'''in|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|'''D'''raw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|'''L'''oss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFFF|Fixture|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

=== 2025 ===
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|06|18|df=y}}
|time = 20:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|TJK}}
|score = 3–2
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}
|goals1 =
*[[Ansor Khabibov|Khabibov]] {{goal|59}}
*[[Muhammadiqbol Davlatov|Davlatov]] {{goal|90+1}}
*[[Muhammadali Azizboev|Azizboev]] {{goal|90+5}}
|goals2 =
*[[Suhail Ahmad Bhat|Bhat]] {{goal|33}}
*[[Parthib Gogoi|Gogoi]] {{goal|85}}
|stadium = [[TALCO Arena]]
|location = [[Tursunzoda]], Tajikistan
|attendance =
|referee = Nasrullo Kabirov ([[Tajikistan Football Federation|Tajikistan]])
|report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/article/ten-man-india-u23s-lose-lead-and-match-against-tajikistan Report]
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|06|21|df=y}}
|time = 20:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
|score = 0–0
|team2 = {{fbu|23|KGZ}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Hisor Central Stadium]]
|location = [[Hisar (Tajikistan)|Hisor]], Tajikistan
|attendance =
|referee = Abdullo Davlatov ([[Tajikistan Football Federation|Tajikistan]])
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-kyrgyz-republic-play-out-a-stalemate-in-u23-friendly
|result = D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|08|25|df=y}}
|time = 14:30 IST
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
|score = 1–2
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IRQ}}
|goals1 =
*[[Mohammed Sanan|Sanan]] {{goal|39}}
|goals2 =
*[[Dhulfiqar Younis|Younis]] {{goal|36}}
*[[Mustafa Nawafa Zai|Zai]] {{goal|72}}
|stadium = [[UM Arena Stadium]]
|location = [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250825154945/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23s-suffer-narrow-defeat-against-iraq-in-preparatory-friendly
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|08|28|df=y}}
|time = 13:30 IST
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
|score = 1–3
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IRQ}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kuala Lumpur Stadium]]
|location = [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23s-suffer-defeat-in-second-friendly-against-iraq
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U23 Qualifiers]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|9|3|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:15|3}}
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|BHR}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Muhammad Suhail|Suhail]] {{goal|32}}
*[[Shivaldo Singh|Shivaldo]] {{goal|90+5}}
|stadium = [[Suheim bin Hamad Stadium]]
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250904073114/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/fast-and-furious-india-defeat-bahrain-in-afc-u23-asian-cup-qualifiers-opener
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U23 Qualifiers]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|09|06|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
|score = 1–2
|team2 = {{fbu|23|QAT}}
|goals1 =
*[[Muhammad Suhail|Suhail]] {{goal|52}}
|goals2 =
*[[Hashmi Al-Hussein|Al-Hussein]] {{goal|18}}
*[[Jassem Al-Sharshani|Al-Sharshani]] {{goal|67|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Abdullah bin Khalifa Stadium]]
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250930100920/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/qatar-inflict-narrow-defeat-on-blue-colts
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U23 Qualifiers]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|09|09|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:15|3}}
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
|score = 6–0
|team2 = {{fbu|23|BRU}}
|goals1 =
*[[Vibin Mohanan|Vibin]] {{goal|5||8||62}}
*[[Ayush Chhetri|A. Chhetri]] {{goal|42}}
*[[Mohammed Aimen|Aimen]] {{goal|87||90+7}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Suheim bin Hamad Stadium]]
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250930100821/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-bury-six-past-brunei-darussalam-but-suffer-heartbreak-afc-u23-asian-cup-qualifiers
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}
|time = 18:30 IST
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|INA}}
|score = 1–2
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}
|goals1 = [[Dony Tri Pamungkas|Pamungkas]] {{goal|41}}
|goals2 = [[Suhail Ahmad Bhat|Bhat]] {{goal|5||26}}
|stadium = [[Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium]]
|location = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251010192047/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/suhail-bhat-fires-india-u23-to-victory-against-hosts-indonesia-in-first-friendly
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|13|df=y}}
|time = 18:30 IST
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|INA}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}
|goals1 = [[Dony Tri Pamungkas|Pamungkas]] {{goal|70}}
|goals2 = [[Korou Singh Thingujam|Thingujam]] {{goal|47}}
|stadium = [[Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium]]
|location = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23s-held-to-a-draw-by-indonesia
|result = D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|15|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|17:00|7}}
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|THA}}
|score = 4–0
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}
|goals1 =
*[[Siraphop Wandee|Wandee]] {{goal|32}}
*[[Phon-ek Maneekorn|Maneekorn]] {{goal|42|pen.}}
*[[Chaiyaphon Otton|Otton]] {{goal|47|pen.}}
*[[Thanakrit Chotmuangpak|Chotmuangpak]] {{goal|62}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Thammasat Stadium]]
|location = [[Pathum Thani province|Pathum Thani]], Thailand
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-colts-concede-four-against-thailand-u23
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|18|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|17:00|7}}
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|THA}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Thammasat Stadium]]
|location = [[Pathum Thani province|Pathum Thani]], Thailand
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://x.com/iFF_News/status/1990738285346562048
|result = L
}}

=== 2026 ===
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|U-23 Tri-Nation Championship]]
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|28|df=y}}
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
|score = 5–0
|team2 = {{fbu|23|BHU}}
|goals1 =
*[[Ricky Meetei Haobam|R. M. Haobam]] {{goal|44}}
*[[Suhail Ahmad Bhat|Bhat]] {{goal|51||81}}
*[[Tomba Singh Haobam|T. S. Haobam]] {{goal|79}}
*[[Muhammad Ajsal|Ajsal]] {{goal|85}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]]
|location = [[Yupia]], India
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260328190832/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23-men-thrash-bhutan
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|format = 1
|round = [[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|U-23 Tri-Nation Championship]]
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|31|df=y}}
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fbu|23|TJK}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]]
|location = [[Yupia]], India
|attendance =
|referee =
|report =
|result =
}}

==Coaching staff==
The current coaching staff of the team are:<ref name="aiff"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;| Position
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;| Name
|-
|style="text-align"| Head coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Naushad Moosa]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Noel Wilson]]
|-
| Goalkeeping coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gumpe Rime]]
|}

==Players==
The following 24 players were called up for the [[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2026 Tri-Nation Series]] in March 2026.<ref name="aiff">{{cite web |title=Nausad Moosa names India U23 men's squad for Tri-Nation friendlies in Yupia |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/nausad-moosa-names-india-u23-mens-squad-for-tri-nation-friendlies-in-yupia |publisher=AIFF |date=22 March 2026 }}</ref>

''Caps and goals are correct as of 28 March 2026, after the match against [[Bhutan national under-23 football team|Bhutan]].''

{{nat fs g start}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Dipesh Chauhan]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|11|20|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=13|pos=GK|name=[[Priyansh Dubey]]|age={{birth date and age|2006|7|22|df=y}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Mohanraj Kaithamalai]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|6|24|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs g player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Harsh Palande]]|age={{birth date and age|2005|1|26|df=y}}|caps=8|goals=0|club=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Pramveer Singh]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2005|1|2}}|caps=7|goals=0|club=[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Ronney Kharbudon]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|3|2|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[FC Goa|Goa]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=22|pos=DF|name=[[Ricky Meetei Haobam]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2006|8|30}}|caps=8|goals=1|club=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Dippendu Biswas]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|4|24|df=y}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Sanatomba Singh Yanglem]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2006|5|15}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[SC Delhi]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Subham Bhattacharya]]|age={{birth date and age|2006|8|2|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs g player|no=4|pos=MF|name=[[Lalrinliana Hnamte]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|4|29|df=y}}|caps=10|goals=0|club=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Ebindas Yesudasan]]|age={{birth date and age|2005|4|19|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=16|pos=MF|name=[[Tomba Singh Haobam]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|2|17|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=1|club=[[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=17|pos=MF|name=[[Lalremtluanga Fanai]]|age={{birth date and age|2002|7|10|df=y}}|caps=7|goals=0|club=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Vinith Venkatesh]]|age={{birth date and age|2005|7|31|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Macarton Nickson]]|age={{birth date and age|2005|6|3|df=y}}|caps=6|goals=0|club=[[Northeast United FC|NorthEast]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Shivaldo Singh|Shivaldo Singh Chingangbam]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|6|13|df=y}}|caps=7|goals=2|club=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Zothanpuia]]|age={{birth date and age|2005|4|17|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs g player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Suhail Ahmad Bhat]]|age={{birth date and age|2005|4|8|df=y}}|caps=7|goals=5|club=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=8|pos=FW|name=[[Muhammad Ajsal]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|3|28|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=1|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=14|pos=FW|name=[[Thoi Singh Huidrom]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|5|4|df=y}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[Adison Singh Thokchom]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|7|6|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[Lalthankima]]|age={{birth date and age|2005|9|16|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Mohammed Sanan|Mohammed Sanan K]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|10|13|df=y}}|caps=9|goals=1|club=[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{nat fs g end}}

=== Recent callups ===
The following footballers were part of national selection in the past twelve months, but are not part of the current call-up.

{{nat fs r start}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Kamaludheen AK]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|10|9|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Sahil Poonia]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2003|8|5}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]|clubnat=IND|latest=[[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualifiers]]}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Mohammed Arbaz]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2005|6|7}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=[[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualifiers]]}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Joseph Justin]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|10|30|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Raj Basfore]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2003|3|15}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Sumit Sharma Brahmacharimayum]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2007|3|5}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Yaipharemba Chingakham]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2008|2|6}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Classic FA]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Bikash Yumnam]] INJ|age={{birth date and age|2003|9|6|df=y}}|caps=8|goals=0|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Muhammed Saheef]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2003|2|7}}|caps=6|goals=0|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Roshan Singh Thangjam]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2007|1|2}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Nikhil Barla]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2003|8|5}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|KGZ}}, June 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Abhishek Singh Tekcham]]|age={{birth date and age|df=yes|2005|1|2}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|KGZ}}, June 2025}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Ayush Chhetri]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|4|16|df=y}}|caps=10|goals=1|club=[[FC Goa|Goa]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Manglenthang Kipgen]] INJ|age={{birth date and age|2005|6|3|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Singamayum Shami]]|age={{birth date and age|2007|4|18|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Mohammed Aimen]] OTH|age={{birth date and age|2003|1|20|df=y}}|caps=10|goals=2|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Vibin Mohanan]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|2|6|df=y}}|caps=9|goals=3|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Bekey Oram]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|12|23|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Danny Meitei Laishram]]|age={{birth date and age|2007|11|20|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Soham Varshneya]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|8|14|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]|clubnat=IND|latest=[[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualifiers]]}}
{{nat fs break}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Alan Saji]]|age={{birth date and age|2006|4|15|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[SC Delhi]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Korou Singh Thingujam]]|age={{birth date and age|2006|12|3|df=y}}|caps=5|goals=1|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Rahul Raju]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|11|20|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|THA}}, November 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Muhammad Suhail F]] INJ|age={{birth date and age|2005|9|12|df=y}}|caps=7|goals=2|club=[[Punjab FC|Punjab]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Parthib Gogoi]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|1|30|df=y}}|caps=12|goals=1|club=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Sreekuttan MS]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|11|30|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|INA}}, October 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Joseph Sunny]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|10|13|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]|clubnat=IND|latest=vs {{fbu|23|KGZ}}, June 2025}}
{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Sahil Harijan]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|10|13|df=y}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[United SC|United]]|clubnat=IND|latest=[[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualifiers]]}}
{{nat fs break}}
*INJ Player injuries
*PRE Preliminary squad / standby
*OTH Player withdrew from squad due to non-injury issue
{{nat fs end}}

===Past squads===
====Asian Games====
*[[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|2002 Asian Games]]
*[[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|2006 Asian Games]]
*[[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|2010 Asian Games]]
*[[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|2014 Asian Games]]
*[[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|2022 Asian Games]]

==Competitive record==
===Summer Olympics===
{{Main|India national football team at the Olympics}}
From [[Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908]] to [[Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]], football at the Olympics was played by senior national teams.<ref name="fifa facts">{{cite web |title=FIFA FACTS of Olympics |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompoly/51/98/60/ip-208_01e_oly_men.pdf |website=www.fifa.com |publisher=FIFA |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924175855/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompoly/51/98/60/ip-208_01e_oly_men.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and between these years [[India national football team]] competed at all Games from 1948 to 1960.<ref name="fifa facts"/> From [[Football at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992]], FIFA allowed only U-23 national teams to play the tournament at the Olympics.<ref name="fifa facts"/> Though U-23 players were allowed, the qualifying matches of [[Football at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Olympics]] to [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Olympics]] were played by the [[India national football team|Senior national team]] of India but failed to qualify to the Olympics finals from 1992 to 2012. [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] started [[AFC U-23 Championship]] from 2013 which is now acted as the qualifying tournament for the Olympics for the Asian countries, where top three teams are allowed entry to Olympic finals.<ref name="Rio2016">{{cite web|title=Qualification system – Games of the XXXI Olympiad – Rio 2016 – Football |url=http://www.rio2016.com/sites/default/files/users/rio2016_files/fifa-football-en_0.pdf |publisher=Rio 2016 Official Website |access-date=10 January 2019 |date=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906102243/http://www.rio2016.com/sites/default/files/users/rio2016_files/fifa-football-en_0.pdf |archive-date= 6 September 2015 }}</ref> India is yet to qualify for the [[AFC U-23 Championship]] and thus also at [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympics]] since then.

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=9 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|{{color|#FFFFFF|Summer Olympics record]]}}
! style="width:1%;" rowspan="9"|
!colspan=6 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|[[India national football team at the Olympics|{{color|#FFFFFF|Summer Olympics]] qualification record}}
|-
! style="width:100px;"|Host/Year
! style="width:100px;"|Result
! style="width:60px;"|Position
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
|-
!scope=row|[[Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908]]−[[Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]]
|colspan="9"|''See [[India national football team#Summer Olympics|India national football team]]''
| colspan="6" |''See [[India national football team at the Olympics#Record|India national football team]]''
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Football at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992]]
|colspan=9 rowspan=6|''Did not qualify''
|4
|0
|1
|3
|3
|7
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996]]
|4
|2
|0
|2
|8
|7
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000]]
|2
|0
|1
|1
|0
|2
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics|2004]]
|2
|1
|0
|1
|1
|2
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008]]
|8
|0
|3
|5
|3
|13
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012]]
|4
|1
|2
|1
|5
|6
|-
!colspan="16"|''Since 2016, [[AFC U-23 Championship]] acted as the AFC qualifier (top 3 finishers)''
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016]]
|colspan=8 rowspan=3|''Did not qualify''
! rowspan="6" style="width:1%;" |
|colspan=6|''Did not qualify [[2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualification#Group E|2016 AFC U-23]]''
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics|2020]]
|colspan=6|''Did not qualify [[2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification#Group F|2020 AFC U-23]]''
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics|2024]]
|colspan=6|''Did not qualify [[2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification#Group G|2024 AFC U-23]]''
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Football at the 2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]
| colspan="8" |''To be determined''
| colspan="6" |''To be determined''
|-
! Total !! 0/8 !! 0 Titles !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 24 !! 4 !! 7 !! 13 !! 20 !! 37
|}

===AFC U-23 Asian Cup===
[[AFC U-23 Asian Cup]] was initially set to be held as ''AFC U-22 Championships'' in 2013 and its [[2013 AFC U-22 Championship qualification|qualification]] matches in 2012, but the finals tournament was postponed to be played in January 2014.<ref name="approved">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/news/35851-call-to-improve-afc-competitions |title=Call to improve AFC competitions |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |date=27 July 2011 |access-date=10 January 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918014325/http://www.the-afc.com/en/news/35851-call-to-improve-afc-competitions |archive-date=18 September 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Competitions Committee takes key decisions ">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/news/38458-afc-competitions-committee-takes-key-decisions |title=Competitions Committee takes key decisions |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |date=22 March 2012 |access-date=10 January 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802224922/http://www.the-afc.com/en/news/38458-afc-competitions-committee-takes-key-decisions |archive-date=2 August 2012 }}</ref> Till now, six championships held, in [[2013 AFC U-22 Championship|2014]], [[2016 AFC U-23 Championship|2016]], [[2018 AFC U-23 Championship|2018]], [[2020 AFC U-23 Championship|2020]], [[2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup|2022]] and [[2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup|2024]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Di Maggio |first1=Roberto |title=Asian U-23 Championship: Overview |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/as-u23.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=24 August 2025}}</ref> However, India failed to qualify to any of the championships.<ref>{{cite web |title=India thump Turkmenistan in AFC U-23 Championship qualifiers |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-thump-turkmenistan-in-afc-u-23-championship-qualifiers/story-i47KSFsXBcK2QKfSgkM9EI.html |website=hindustantimes.com |date=23 July 2017 |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110073931/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-thump-turkmenistan-in-afc-u-23-championship-qualifiers/story-i47KSFsXBcK2QKfSgkM9EI.html |archive-date=10 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Peesara |first1=Anuraag |title=AFC U23 Asian Cup 2024 qualifiers: Indian football team's campaign ends, finishes third in group - all results, scores |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/afc-u23-asian-cup-2024-qualifiers-india-football-team-results-scores |website=Olympics.com |access-date=24 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816013456/https://www.olympics.com/en/news/afc-u23-asian-cup-2024-qualifiers-india-football-team-results-scores |archive-date=16 August 2024 |date=12 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=9 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|[[AFC U-23 Asian Cup|{{color|#FFFFFF|AFC U-23 Asian Cup]] record}}
! style="width:1%;" rowspan="10"|
!colspan=6 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|[[AFC U-23 Asian Cup|{{color|#FFFFFF|AFC U-23]] qualification record}}
|-
! style="width:100px;"|Year
! style="width:100px;"|Result
! style="width:60px;"|Position
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|OMN}} [[2013 AFC U-22 Championship|2014]]
|rowspan=7 colspan=8|''Did not qualify''
|5
|2
|1
|2
|11
|10
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|QAT}} [[2016 AFC U-23 Championship|2016]]
|3
|0
|1
|2
|0
|6
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[2018 AFC U-23 Championship|2018]]
|3
|1
|0
|2
|3
|4
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|THA}} [[2020 AFC U-23 Championship|2020]]
|2
|0
|0
|2
|0
|5
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|UZB}} [[2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup|2022]]
|3
|1
|1
|1
|2
|2
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|QAT}} [[2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup|2024]]
|2
|0
|0
|2
|1
|5
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|KSA}} [[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup|2026]]
|3
|2
|0
|1
|9
|2
|-
! Total !! 0/7 !! 0 Titles !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 21 !! 6 !! 3 !! 12 !! 26 !! 34
|}

===Asian Games===
{{Main|India national football team at the Asian Games}}

From [[Football at the 1951 Asian Games|1951]] to [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1998]] India competed in eleven [[Asian Games]] except the [[Football at the 1990 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1990]] and the [[Football at the 1994 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1994]] editions, and was competed by the senior national team. As the turn of the century, [[Olympic Council of Asia]] (OCA) changed the rules of participation of players in the Asian Games. Since the [[Football at the 2002 Asian Games]], the age of the players is limited to 23 years while three over–aged players are allowed among each squad, similar to the rules for participation at the [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]].<ref name="OcasiaFootball">{{cite web |title=Sports : List of disciples (Football) |url=https://ocasia.org/sports/88-football-fb.html |website=ocasia.org |access-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206010102/https://ocasia.org/sports/88-football-fb.html |archive-date=6 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="asiad2002u23">{{cite news |title=PFF chief names Akhtar as head coach of Asian Games team |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/29-Aug-2010/pff-chief-names-akhtar-as-head-coach-of-asian-games-team |access-date=14 June 2023 |work=The Nation |date=29 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008130520/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Sports/29-Aug-2010/PFF-chief-names-Akhtar-as-head-coach-of-Asian-Games-team |archive-date=8 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fifa facts">{{cite web |title=FIFA Facts |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompoly/51/98/60/ip-208_01e_oly_men.pdf |publisher=FIFA |access-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924175855/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompoly/51/98/60/ip-208_01e_oly_men.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="oly1992u23">{{cite book |title=Barcelona 1992: Technical Report, Olympic football tournament |date=8 August 1992|page=7 |publisher=[[FIFA]] |location=Barcelona, Spain |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/04/90/oft_92_tr_part1_161.pdf |access-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220062542/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/04/90/oft_92_tr_part1_161.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Though the senior team won the 1951 and the [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962]] gold medal, and a bronze at the [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970 Asian Games]] but the India U-23 team has yet to win a medal at the [[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games football tournament]].<ref name="AsianGamesbyOlympics">{{cite web |last1=Nag |first1=Utathya |title=Indian football at the Asian Games: A glorious start that faded away |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-football-asian-games-results-medals |website=olympics.com |access-date=18 July 2023|date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530120618/https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-football-asian-games-results-medals|archive-date=30 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rsssfAGoverview">{{cite web|last=Stokkermans|first=Karel|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asia-games.html|title=Asian Games (Overview)|date=12 July 2017|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403215342/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asia-games.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=11 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|[[Football at the Asian Games|{{color|#FFFFFF|Asian Games]] record}}
|-
! style="width:135px;"|Host/Year
! style="width:135px;"|Result
! style="width:120px;"|Position
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|D|Tied}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
! style="width:70px;"|Squad
! style="width:50px;"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!scope=row|[[Football at the 1951 Asian Games|1951]] – [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games|1998]]
|colspan=10|''See [[India national football team#Competitive record|India national football team]]''
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|KOR|1997}} [[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men|2002]]
|Group stage
|10th of 24
|3
|2
|0
|1
|6
|3
|[[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]
|<ref name="rsssf2002">{{cite web |last1=Díaz Rubio|first1=Julian|last2=Zlotkowski|first2=Andre |title=Asian Games 2002 (South Korea) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames02.html|date=23 November 2006 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212102740/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames02.html |archive-date=12 February 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|QAT}} [[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men|2006]]
|Group stage
|14th of 28
|3
|1
|1
|1
|3
|4
|[[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]
|<ref name="rsssf2006">{{cite web |last1=Riaz Hai Naveed|first1=Malik|last2=Zlotkowski|first2=Andre |title=Asian Games 2006 (Qatar) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames06.html|date=4 September 2014 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401174847/https://rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames06.html |archive-date=1 April 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men|2010]]
|Round of 16
|14th of 28
|4
|1
|0
|3
|5
|10
|[[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]
|<ref name="rsssf2010">{{cite web |last=Zlotkowski|first=Andre |title=Asian Games 2002 (Guangzhou) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2010.html|date=29 October 2014 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022152628/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2010.html |archive-date=22 October 2022 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Men|2014]]
|Group stage
|26th of 32
|2
|0
|0
|2
|0
|7
|[[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]
|<ref name="rsssf2014">{{cite web |last=Zlotkowski |first=Andre |title=Asian Games 2014 (Incheon)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2014.html|date=6 September 2018 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161946/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2014.html |archive-date=26 July 2022 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Football at the 2018 Asian Games – Men|2018]]
|colspan="9"|''[[Indian Olympic Association]] did not allow team's participation''<ref name="IOA2018">{{cite web|title=Indian Olympic Association decides against sending Indian football team to the Asian Games|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/indian-olympic-association-decides-against-sending-indian-football-team-to-the-asian-games/articleshow/64828611.cms?from=mdr|date=2 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604130054/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/indian-olympic-association-decides-against-sending-indian-football-team-to-the-asian-games/articleshow/64828611.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=4 June 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url-status=live}}</ref>
|<ref name="rsssf2018">{{cite web |last=Di Maggio |first=Roberto |title=Asian Games 2018 (Indonesia)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2018.html|date=6 September 2018 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412113844/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2018.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2022]]
|Round of 16
|9th of 21
|4
|1
|1
|2
|3
|8
|[[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]
|<ref name="rsssf2022">{{cite web |last1=Di Maggio |first1=Roberto |title=Asian Games 2023 (China) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2023.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117005941/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2023.html |archive-date=17 November 2025 |date=27 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Football at the 2026 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2026]]
|colspan="10"|''To be decided''
|-
!Total || 5/6 || 0 Titles || 16 || 5 || 2 || 9 || 17 || 32 || — || —
|}

=== SAFF Championship ===
First time an Indian under-23 team participated in any championship organised by SAFF was in 2009. For the [[2009 SAFF Championship]], AIFF decided to send the under-23 team instead of the [[India national football team|senior national team]].<ref>{{cite news|title=SAFF Cup Comment: India U-23, Not India, Signal Better Times For Indian Football|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2773/saff-championship/2009/12/15/1687594/saff-cup-comment-india-u-23-not-india-signal-better-times|access-date=4 July 2017|work=Goal.com|date=15 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319034859/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/2773/saff-championship/2009/12/15/1687594/saff-cup-comment-india-u-23-not-india-signal-better-times|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the underage team, India won the championship after beating the [[Maldives national football team|Maldives]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maldives 0 - 0 India: India wins on penalties|url=http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2969|access-date=4 July 2017|work=Maldives Soccer|date=13 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223091505/http://maldivesoccer.net/v4/?page=story&id=2969|archive-date=23 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=saff2009/>

In January 2025, SAFF announced the inaugural [[SAFF U-23 Championship|U-23 Championship]], which will begin in [[2026 SAFF U-23 Championship|2026]].<ref>{{cite news |title=June’s SAFF Championship to feature home-and-away fixtures |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/junes-saff-championship-feature-home-and-away-fixtures-3794741 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525074656/https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/junes-saff-championship-feature-home-and-away-fixtures-3794741 |archive-date=25 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ক্লাব টুর্নামেন্ট আয়োজনসহ নতুন উদ্যোগ সাফের |url=https://www.dhakapost.com/sports/335218 |access-date=31 January 2026 |work=[[Dhaka Post]] |date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260111081954/https://www.dhakapost.com/sports/335218 |archive-date=11 January 2026 |language=bn |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=11 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|SAFF Championship record ([[SAFF Championship|{{color|#FFFFFF|Senior]]}} & [[SAFF U-23 Championship|{{color|#FFFFFF|Under-23]]}})
|-
! style="width:135px;"|Host/Year
! style="width:135px;"|Result
! style="width:120px;"|Position
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|D|Tied}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
! style="width:70px;"|Squad
! style="width:50px;"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!colspan=11 style="background:#9acdff;"|In the senior championship
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2009 SAFF Championship|2009]]
|style="background:gold;"|'''Champions'''
|'''1st'''
|'''5'''
|'''4'''
|'''0'''
|'''1'''
|'''3'''
|'''2'''
|[[2009 SAFF Championship squads#India U23|Squad]]
|<ref name=saff2009>{{cite web |last1=Aleks Priadko |first1=Aleks |last2=Riaz Hai Naveed |first2=Malik |title=South Asian Gold Cup 2009 (Dhaka) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/saffgold09.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=31 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125050111/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/saffgold09.html |archive-date=25 January 2025 |date=2 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!colspan=11 style="background:beige;"|In the under-23 championship
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[2026 SAFF U-23 Championship|2026]]
|colspan="8"|''To be determined''
|[[2026 SAFF U-23 Championship#Squads|Squad]]
|
|-
!Total || 1 || 1 Title || 5 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 2 || — ||
|}

===South Asian Games===

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=10 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|[[Football at the South Asian Games|{{color|#FFFFFF|South Asian Games record]]}}
|-
! style="width:100px;"|Year
! style="width:100px;"|Result
! style="width:60px;"|Position
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! style="width:30px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}
! style="width:50px;"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!scope=row|[[Football at the 1984 South Asian Games|1984]]–[[Football at the 1999 South Asian Games|1999]]
|colspan=8|''See [[India national football team records and statistics#South Asian Games|India national football team]]''
|<ref name="SAG file">{{cite web |last1=Garin |first1=Erik |last2=Morrison |first2=Neil |title=South Asian Federation Games |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003235113/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg.html |archive-date=3 October 2025 |date=12 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Football at the 2004 South Asian Games|2004]]
|colspan=8 rowspan=3|''Played by [[India national under-20 football team#South Asian Games|India national under-20 football team]]''
|<ref name="2004SAG">{{cite web |last1=Courtney |first1=Barrie |last2=Riaz Hai Naveed |first2=Malik |title=9th South Asian Federation Games 2004 (Pakistan) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg01.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002124215/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg01.html |archive-date=2 October 2025 |date=25 June 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Football at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006]]
|<ref name="2006SAG">{{cite web |last1=Riaz Hai Naveed |first1=Malik |title=10th South Asian Federation Games 2006 (Colombo) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg06.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260128052617/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg06.html |archive-date=28 January 2026 |date=19 February 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|BAN}} [[Football at the 2010 South Asian Games – Men's tournament|2010]]
|<ref name="2010SAG">{{cite web |last1=Riaz Hai Naveed |first1=Malik |title=11th South Asian Federation Games 2010 (Bangladesh) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg2010.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125105253/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg2010.html |archive-date=25 January 2026 |date=18 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Football at the 2016 South Asian Games – Men's tournament|2016]]
|style="background:silver;"|'''Runners–up'''
|'''2nd'''
|'''4'''
|'''2'''
|'''0'''
|'''2'''
|'''7'''
|'''5'''
|<ref name="2016SAG">{{cite web |last1=Di Maggio |first1=Roberto |title=12th South Asian Federation Games 2016 (India) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg2016.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125105604/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg2016.html |archive-date=25 January 2026 |date=12 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|NEP}} [[Football at the 2019 South Asian Games – Men's tournament|2019]]
|colspan=8|''Did not participate''
|<ref name="2019SAG">{{cite web |last1=Di Maggio |first1=Roberto |title=13th South Asian Federation Games 2019 (Nepal) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg2019.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521052514/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/safg2019.html |archive-date=21 May 2025 |date=12 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope=row|{{flagicon|PAK}} [[2027 South Asian Games|2027]]
|colspan=8|''To be determined''
|
|-
!Total || 1 Edition || 0 Title || 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 7 || 5 || —
|}

== Overall competitive records ==
{{updated|9 September 2025 vs {{fbu|23|Brunei}} }} (''excluding friendlies & minor tournaments'')
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col"|Competition
!scope="col"|Pld
!scope="col"|W
!scope="col"|D
!scope="col"|L
!scope="col"|GF
!scope="col"|GA
!scope="col"|GD
!scope="col"|Win%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
{{WDL|0|0|0|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|[[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]
{{WDL|16|5|2|9|for=17|against=32|diff=yes}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|[[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]
{{WDL|4|2|0|2|for=7|against=5|diff=yes}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|AFC Olympic qualifiers]]
{{WDL|24|5|7|12|for=24|against=36|diff=yes}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|[[AFC U-23 Asian Cup]]
{{WDL|0|0|0|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|AFC U-23 Asian Cup Qualification
{{WDL|21|6|3|12|for=26|against=34|diff=yes}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;"|[[SAFF U-23 Championship]]
{{WDL|0|0|0|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}}
|-
!Total
{{WDLtot|65|18|12|35|for=74|against=107|diff=yes}}
|}

== Head-to-head record ==
{{updated|9 September 2025 vs {{fbu|23|Brunei}} }} (''excluding friendlies & minor tournaments'')
The following table shows India's head-to-head record in the official tournaments of [[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games]], [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]], [[AFC U-23 Asian Cup]] (including qualifiers) and [[SAFF U-23 Championship]].

{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Positive Record|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Neutral Record|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFDACC|Negative Record|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Opponent
! {{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! {{abbr|W|Won}}
! {{abbr|D|Drawn}}
! {{abbr|L|Lost}}
! {{abbr|GF|Goals for}}
! {{abbr|GA|Goals against}}
! {{abbr|GD|Goal difference}}
! Win %
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Bahrain}}
{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=2|against=0|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Bangladesh}}
{{WDL|4|3|1|0|for=7|against=0|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Brunei}}
{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=6|against=0|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|China}}
{{WDL|3|0|0|3|for=2|against=9|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Hong Kong}}
{{WDL|1|0|1|0|for=1|against=1|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Iran}}
{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=0|against=2|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Iraq}}
{{WDL|3|0|1|2|for=2|against=6|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Japan}}
{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=0|against=5|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Jordan}}
{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=0|against=2|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Kuwait}}
{{WDL|2|0|0|2|for=1|against=4|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Kyrgyzstan}}
{{WDL|1|0|1|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Lebanon}}
{{WDL|2|1|0|1|for=6|against=5|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Maldives}}
{{WDL|2|2|0|0|for=5|against=3|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Myanmar}}
{{WDL|5|1|4|0|for=6|against=5|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|North Korea}}
{{WDL|2|0|0|2|for=1|against=4|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Nepal}}
{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=1|against=2|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Oman}}
{{WDL|5|1|1|3|for=6|against=11|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Pakistan}}
{{WDL|2|2|0|0|for=5|against=2|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Qatar}}
{{WDL|5|0|1|4|for=4|against=9|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Saudi Arabia}}
{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=0|against=2|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Singapore}}
{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=4|against=1|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Sri Lanka}}
{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=0|against=1|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Syria}}
{{WDL|3|0|0|3|for=0|against=7|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Tajikistan}}
{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=0|against=2|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Thailand}}
{{WDL|4|1|1|2|for=3|against=4|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|Turkmenistan}}
{{WDL|5|4|0|1|for=11|against=5|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|23|United Arab Emirates}}
{{WDL|4|0|1|3|for=1|against=10|diff=yes}}
|- bgcolor=#FFDACC
| align="left" | {{fbu|20|Uzbekistan}}
{{WDL|2|0|0|2|for=0|against=5|diff=yes}}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total
{{WDLtot|65|18|12|35|for=74|against=107|diff=yes}}
|}

==Honours==
*'''[[LG Cup (association football)|LG Cup]]'''
**'''Winners (1):''' [[LG Cup (association football) #Editions|2002]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-beat-vietnam-to-win-lg-cup-football/articleshow/18684987.cms|title=India beat Vietnam to win LG Cup football|website=The Times of India|date=10 August 2002 |access-date=1 October 2021|archive-date=7 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207133818/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-beat-vietnam-to-win-lg-cup-football/articleshow/18684987.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''[[SAFF Championship]]'''
**'''Winners (1):''' [[2009 SAFF Championship|2009]]
*'''[[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]'''
**'''Silver medal (1):''' [[Football at the 2016 South Asian Games|2016]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Association football}}
*[[Football in India]]
*[[India national football team]]
*[[India women's national football team]]
*[[India national under-20 football team]]
*[[India national under-17 football team]]
*[[Sport in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/ All India Football Federation]

{{India national football team}}
{{Football in India}}
{{AFC under-23 teams}}
{{National sports teams of India}}

[[Category:India national under-23 football team| ]]
[[Category:India men's national football teams|Under-23]]
[[Category:India national youth football teams|Under-23]]
[[Category:Asian national under-23 association football teams]]
[[Category:All India Football Federation national teams|Under-23]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in India]]
[[Category:National sports teams established in 1991]]

Aditya-L1

2026-03-29T05:28:36Z

TeenaDease50: add structure per standard format and added references based on references

{{Short description|India's first solar observation mission}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| image = Aditya L1.png
| image_caption = Aditya-L1 spacecraft
| image_size = 280px
| mission_type = [[Solar observation]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| website = {{URL|https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html}}
| mission_duration = 5.2 years (planned)<ref name="CurrSci_113_04">{{Cite journal |last1=Somasundaram |first1=Seetha |last2=Megala |first2=S. |date=25 August 2017 |title=Aditya-L1 mission |url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/113/04/0610.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Current Science |volume=113 |issue=4 |page=610 |bibcode=2017CSci..113..610S |doi=10.18520/cs/v113/i04/610-612 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825061326/http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/113/04/0610.pdf |archive-date=25 August 2017 |access-date=2023-10-25}}</ref> {{time interval|2 September 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed)
| spacecraft = PSLV-XL/C-57
| spacecraft_type = [[PSLV]]
| spacecraft_bus = [[I-1K]]<ref name="SFI_20160903">{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ |title=India's first solar mission to be launched in 2019–20 |date=4 February 2016 |publisher=Space Flight Insider |first=Tomas |last=Nowakowski |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903160054/https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/isro/indias-first-solar-mission-to-be-launched-in-2019-20/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| manufacturer = [[ISRO]]{{\}}[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|IUCAA]]{{\}}[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics|IIA]]
| payload_mass = {{cvt|1,500|kg}}<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" />
| dimensions =
| power = 
| launch_date = {{start date text|2 September 2023}}, 11:50 IST (06:20 UTC)<ref name="it-20230824">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Moon mission done, ISRO aims for the Sun with Aditya-L1 launch on September 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828120712/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isros-solar-mission-aditya-l1-to-be-launched-on-september-2-says-space-agency-8913266/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="launch">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 |title=Aditya-L1: India launches its first mission to Sun |date=2 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902182110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66643805 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#PSLV-XL|PSLV-XL]] [[PSLV-C57|C57]]
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_contractor = [[ISRO]]
| orbit_reference = [[Lagrange point#L1|Sun–Earth L1 orbit]]
| orbit_regime = [[Halo orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis =
| orbit_apoapsis =
| orbit_inclination =
| orbit_epoch = 6 January 2024<ref>{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Shobhit|title=Aditya L1 LIVE: ISRO's first Sun mission successfully injected into final orbit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/aditya-l1-live-updates-indias-first-solar-mission-isro-lagrangean-point-1-insertion-tl1i-s-somanath-101704506376141.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>
| orbit_period = 177.86 days<ref name="COPUOS_62">{{Cite web |last=Sreekumar |first=P. |date=19 June 2019 |title=Indian Space Science & Exploration : Global Perspective |url=http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |access-date=30 June 2019 |publisher=UNOOSA |page=8 |archive-date=30 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630051004/http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2019/copuos2019tech32E.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| apsis = gee

| insignia = [[File:Aditya-L1 logo.png|120px]] [[File:Aditya L1 logo.png|200px]]
| insignia_size = 198px
| insignia_caption = Mission Patch and Mission Insignia
}}

'''Aditya-L1'''  ([[Sanskrit]]: {{transliteration|sa|[[Surya|Āditya]]}} {{IPA|sa|aːd̪it̪jɐ|ipa}} 'Sun', L1 '[[Lagrange point#L1 point|Lagrange Point 1]]'){{efn|from [[Sanskrit]] {{transliteration|sa|Āditya}}, a synonym for the Hindu [[solar deity]], [[Surya]].}} is a [[coronagraph]]y spacecraft for studying the [[Sun#Atmosphere|solar atmosphere]], designed and developed by [[ISRO]] and various other Indian Space Research Institutes.<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" /> It is orbiting at about 1.5 million km from Earth in a [[halo orbit]] around the [[Lagrange point#Lagrange points|Lagrange point 1]] (L1) between the [[Earth]] and the [[Sun]], where it will study the solar atmosphere, [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms]], and their impact on the environment around the Earth.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=C.S |first=Hemanth |date=2026-01-06 |title=ISRO invites proposals from Indian scientists to analyse data from Aditya-L1 mission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-invites-proposals-from-indian-scientists-to-analyse-data-from-aditya-l1-mission/article70476849.ece |access-date=2026-01-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

It is the first [[List of ISRO missions|Indian mission]] dedicated to observe the Sun. [[Nigar Shaji]] is the project's director.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Meet The Project Director Of Ambitious Mission Aditya-L1 {{!}} Nigar Shaji from Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155210/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/meet-the-project-director-of-ambitious-mission-aditya-l1-nigar-shaji-from-tamil-nadu-video-103302519 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: Announcement of Opportunity (AO) soliciting proposals for the first AO cycle observations |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/AdityaL1_first_AO_cycle.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="nie_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji from TN's Tenkasi, Aditya-L1 mission project director |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902155211/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/sep/02/meet-nigar-shaji-from-tns-tenkasi-aditya-l1-mission-project-director-2610872.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ndtv_20230902_projectdirector">{{Cite web |title=Meet Nigar Shaji, The Project Director Of India's First Sun Mission: 5 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=NDTV.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902180138/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-points-about-nigar-shaji-project-director-of-india-s-maiden-solar-mission-4352495 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Aditya-L1 was launched aboard the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] C57 at 11:50 [[India Standard Time|IST]] on 2 September 2023.<ref name="twitter_20230901_isro_launchannounce">{{Cite tweet |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO |user=isro |number=1697506899242217921 |title=PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1 Mission: The 23-hour 40-minute countdown leading to the launch at 11:50 Hrs. IST on September 2, 2023, has commended today at 12:10 Hrs. The launch can be watched LIVE on ISRO Website https://isro.gov.in Facebook https://facebook.com/ISRO YouTube https://youtube.com/watch?v=_IcgGYZTXQw… DD National TV channel from 11:20 Hrs. IST |date=1 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="it-20230824"/><ref name="launch" /> It successfully achieved its intended orbit nearly an hour later, and separated from its [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#Fourth stage (PS4)|fourth stage]] at 12:57 IST.<ref name="it_20230902_liveblog">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Aditya L1 Mission: Aditya L1 Launch LIVE Updates: Aditya L1 spacecraft successfully separated from PSLV rocket, now en route to Sun-Earth L1 point. ISRO says mission accomplished |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115715/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/newsblogs/aditya-l1-live-news-updates-isro-first-solar-mission-launch-02-september-2023/liveblog/103297403.cms |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> It was inserted at the L1 point on 6 January 2024, at 4:17 pm IST.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aditya-L1 Mission Live Updates: Isro successfully injects Aditya-L1, designed to study Sun, in halo orbit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-aditya-l1-mission-live-updates-l1-enter-final-orbit-today-sun-mission-all-you-need-to-know-details-isro-news/liveblog/106591455.cms|work=The Times of India|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>

== Mission objectives ==

The main objectives of Aditya-L1 are:

* To observe the dynamics of the Sun's [[chromosphere]] and [[Stellar corona|corona]]:
** To study [[Chromosphere|chromospheric]] and [[coronal heating]], the physics of [[Solar spicule|partially ionised]] [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]], of [[coronal mass ejection]]s (CMEs) and their origins, of the coronal [[Stellar magnetic field|magnetic field]] and [[heat transfer]] mechanisms, and [[Solar flare|flare]] exchanges.
* To observe the physical particle environment around its position.
* To determine the sequence of processes in multiple layers below the corona that lead to [[solar eruption]]s.
* To study [[space weather]], and the origin, composition and dynamics of [[solar wind]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Aditya L1.jpg|thumb|Aditya-L1 in stowed configuration]]
[[File:Aditya-L1 spacecraft diagram.jpg|thumb|Aditya-L1 in deployed configuration]]

The mission was conceptualised in January 2008 by the Advisory Committee for Space Sciences (ADCOS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAC Industry Portal |url=https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.sac.gov.in |publisher=Space Applications Center, Government of India |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803051439/https://www.sac.gov.in/SAC_Industry_Portal/programme_hsp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-14 |editor-last=Teotia |editor-first=Riya |title=ISRO shares first images of Aditya-L1 satellite ahead of India's first-ever mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WION |language=en-us |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903162358/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-share-first-images-of-aditya-l1-satellite-ahead-of-indias-first-ever-mission-to-study-the-sun-625203 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was initially envisaged as a small, {{cvt|400|kg}} satellite in a [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth Orbit]] (800 km) with a [[coronagraph]] to study the [[solar corona]]. An experimental budget of {{INR|3 [[crore]]}} was allocated for the financial year 2016–2017.<ref name="2016-17_budget">{{Cite press release |title=Notes on Demands for Grants, 2016–2017 |publisher=Department of Space |url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |access-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917064145/http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2016-17/eb/sbe84.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Aditya gets ready to gaze at the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |access-date=25 August 2017 |archive-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826033106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/aditya-gets-ready-to-gaze-at-the-sun/article8212387.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gandhi |first=Divya |date=13 January 2008 |title=ISRO planning to launch satellite to study the sun |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915091339/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ISRO-planning-to-launch-satellite-to-study-the-sun/article15143000.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The scope of the mission has since been expanded and it became a comprehensive solar and space environment [[Solar observatory|observatory]] to be placed at [[Lagrange point#L1 point|Lagrange point 1]] (L1),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Desikan |first=Shubashree |date=15 November 2015 |title=The sun shines on India's Aditya |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |access-date=12 August 2018 |archive-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313004843/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/the-sun-shines-on-indias-aditya/article7878625.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> hence the mission was renamed as ''Aditya-L1.'' {{As of|2019|7|df=}}, the mission has an allocated cost of {{INR|378 [[crore]]s}}, excluding launch costs.<ref name="launch" />

The [[European Space Operations Centre]] (ESOC), operated by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) is supporting the mission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2024 |title=ISRO delegation visits ESA mission control |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ISRO_delegation_visits_ESA_mission_control |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=European Space Agency}}</ref>

On 11 January 2024, ISRO successfully deployed a 6-meter [[magnetometer]] boom aboard the Aditya-L1 in the [[Halo orbit]] at the Lagrange Point L1. After the liftoff, the boom had been stowed for 132 days. The in-orbit deployment period that was measured was roughly 9 seconds, which is well within the 8–12 second prediction range. The magnetometer boom will measure the low-intensity interplanetary magnetic field in space using two high-accuracy [[fluxgate magnetometer]] sensors that are carried aboard. In order to reduce the impact of the spacecraft's [[magnetic field]] on measurements, the sensors are placed 3 and 6 meters away from the craft. Using a dual sensor system also helps to cancel out the spacecraft's magnetic influence and facilitates accurate estimation. The [[carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers]] (CFRP) was used in the construction of the boom segments. Through the use of spring-driven [[hinge]] mechanisms, the five pieces are joined to enable folding in close proximity to the craft throughout the journey and opening up upon reaching the desired orbit. The hinges lock into place as the mechanism fans out. In the stowed position, two hold-downs firmly secure the boom in place. Information obtained via the [[telemetry]] switches validates the release of the hold-down, the initial motion, and the locking of every hinge.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=2024-01-25 |title=Isro deploys key sensors on Aditya-L1 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-deploys-key-sensors-on-aditya-l1/articleshow/107151400.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=ISRO confirms magnetometer on Aditya L1 deployed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-confirms-magnetometer-on-aditya-l1-deployed-9128208/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
[[File:Lagrange-better.png|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Lagrange point]]s in the Sun–Earth system (not to scale) – a small object at any one of the five points will hold its relative position.]]

The mission took 126 Earth days after launch to reach the [[halo orbit]] around the L1 point, which is about {{cvt|1500000|km}} from Earth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=Department Of Space, Annual Report 2019–2020 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007125322/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf |archive-date=7 October 2021 |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> The spacecraft is planned to remain in the halo orbit for its mission duration while being maintained at a [[Orbital station-keeping|stationkeeping]] Δv of 0.2–4 m/s per year.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Muralidharan |first=Vivek |url=https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ |title=Orbit Maintenance Strategies for Sun-Earth/Moon Libration Point Missions: Parameter Selection for Target Point and Cauchy-Green Tensor Approaches |type=MS Thesis |publisher=Purdue University |year=2017 |pages=183–194 |access-date=31 August 2023 |archive-date=31 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831130516/https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1310/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The {{cvt|1500|kg}} satellite carries seven science payloads with various objectives, including instruments to measure [[Coronal heating problem|coronal heating]], [[solar wind]] acceleration, coronal magnetometry, origin and monitoring of [[Ultraviolet|near-UV]] [[Solar irradiance|solar radiation]] (which drives Earth's upper atmospheric dynamics and global climate), coupling of the solar photosphere to the chromosphere and corona,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wedemeyer-Böhm |first1=S. |last2=Lagg |first2=A. |last3=Nordlund |first3=Å |date=2009-09-15 |title=Coupling from the photosphere to the chromosphere and the corona |journal=Space Science Reviews |volume=144 |issue=1–4 |pages=317–350 |doi=10.1007/s11214-008-9447-8 |arxiv=0809.0987 |issn=0038-6308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009SSRv..144..317W }}</ref> and [[in-situ]] characterisations of the space environment around Earth by measuring energetic particle fluxes and magnetic fields of the solar wind, and [[Solar storm|solar magnetic storms]].<ref name="CurrSci_113_04" />

Aditya-L1 will provide observations of the Sun's [[photosphere]], [[chromosphere]] and [[solar corona|corona]]. Its scientific payloads must be placed outside the interference from the [[Earth's magnetic field]], and hence, could not have been useful in the low Earth orbit, as proposed in the original mission concept back in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 First Indian mission to study the Sun |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210161048/https://www.isro.gov.in/aditya-l1-first-indian-mission-to-study-sun |archive-date=10 December 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |website=isro.gov.in}}</ref>

One of the major unsolved problems in the field of [[solar physics]] is coronal heating. The upper atmosphere of the Sun has a temperature of {{cvt|2000000|K|C F}}, whereas the lower atmosphere is just {{cvt|6000|K|C F}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Temperatures Across Our Solar System - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/temperatures-across-our-solar-system/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=science.nasa.gov |date=16 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, it is not understood exactly how the Sun's radiation affects the dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere on a shorter as well as a longer time scale. The mission will obtain near-simultaneous images of the different layers of the Sun's atmosphere, which will reveal the ways in which energy is channeled and transferred from one layer to another. Thus, the mission will enable a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical processes of the Sun and address some of the outstanding problems in solar physics and [[heliophysics]].

== Payloads ==
[[File:Aditya-L1 spacecraft.jpg|thumb|The [[Aditya (spacecraft)|Aditya spacecraft]] before integration with the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] rocket]]
The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona. In-situ instruments will observe the local environment at the L1 point. There are seven payloads on board, with four for [[remote sensing]] of the Sun and three for in-situ observation. The payloads have been developed by different laboratories in the country with close collaborations of various ISRO centres.<ref name="ISRO ADITYA-L1">{{Cite web |title=ISRO ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035925/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Type
!Sl.No
!Payload
!Capability
!Laboratories
|-
| rowspan="4" |Remote Sensing Payloads
|1
|Visible Emission Line [[Coronagraph]] (VELC)
|[[Stellar corona|Corona]] Imaging and [[spectroscopy]]
|[[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[Bangalore]]
|-
|2
|Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT)
|[[Photosphere]] and [[chromosphere]] imaging-narrow and broadband
|[[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics]], [[Pune]]
|-
|3
|Solar Low Energy X-ray [[Spectrometer]] (SoLEXS)
|Soft X-ray [[spectrometer]]: Sun-as-a-star observation
| rowspan="2" |[[U R Rao Satellite Centre]], [[Bangalore]]
|-
|4
|High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray [[Spectrometer]] (HEL1OS)
|Hard X-ray [[spectrometer]]: Sun-as-a-star observation
|-
| rowspan="3" |In-situ Payloads
|5
|Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX)
|[[Solar wind]] and Particle analyzer: [[Protons]] and Heavier ions with directions
|[[Physical Research Laboratory]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|-
|6
|[[Plasma (physics)|Plasma]] Analyser Package For Aditya (PAPA)
|[[Solar wind]] and Particle Analyzer: [[Electrons]] and Heavier Ions with directions
|Space Physics Laboratory, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
|7
|Advanced Tri-axial [[High Resolution]] Digital [[Magnetometer]]s
|[[In-situ]] magnetic field (Bx, By and Bz).
|[[Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems|Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems]], [[Bangalore]]
|}

=== Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) ===
The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) is a key instrument on the [[Aditya (spacecraft)|Aditya spacecraft]]. The VELC is an internally [[Occultation|occulted]] reflective coronagraph designed to fulfil specific observation needs. The instrument allows for high spatial resolution imaging 1.25-2.5 [[Arc-seconds|arcseconds]] of the Sun's corona, simultaneous observations in three modes (Imaging, Spectroscopy and [[Spectropolarimetry|Spectro-polarimetry]]), and even utilizes artificial intelligence to aid in the detection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The instrument was developed by [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Payload.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101121455/https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Payload.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) ===
The SUIT is an ultraviolet imaging telescope designed to study the solar spectral radiation in the [[ultraviolet]] range, using narrowband and broadband spectral filters in the range of 200-400 nm with the hope of developing a better understanding between solar activity and the atmospheric dynamics of Earth. The SUIT utilises 11 different filters. The filters have been selected carefully to ensure coverage of the lower (photosphere) and middle (chromosphere) atmosphere of the Sun, the first approach of its kind in such observations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 Mission Observed Powerful Solar Flare and a First-of-Its-Kind Observation of Rare Plasma Ejection in Ultra-violet Light |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/SUIT_onboard_Aditya-L1_Mission.html?utm_ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> The SUIT provides near-simultaneous coverage of the solar atmosphere, from lower photosphere to the upper chromosphere. The instrument was developed by [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics]], [[Pune]], in collaboration with ISRO.<ref name=":1" />

=== Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) ===
The SoLEXS is an X-ray spectrometer designed to continuously measure the solar [[soft X-ray]] flux (2 keV-22 keV)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sankarasubramanian |title=Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) on Board Aditya-L1 Mission |journal=Solar Physics |date=25 June 2025 |volume=300 |issue=7 |article-number=87 |doi=10.1007/s11207-025-02494-0 |bibcode=2025SoPh..300...87S |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-025-02494-0|url-access=subscription }}</ref> from the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L1. These measurements can be used to better understand the properties of the Sun's corona, in particular, why the temperature of the corona is so high. The SoLEXS will observe solar flares, and in conjunction with data provided by the VELC, will help study the complex thermal properties of the Sun's outer layers. The instrument was developed by [[U R Rao Satellite Centre]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":1" />

=== High Energy L-1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS) ===
Developed by the Space Astronomy Group, URSC, the HEL1OS (pronounced ''helios)'' is an x-ray spectrometer designed to study solar flares in the x-ray spectrum, in particular, energy bands of 10-150 Kev ([[Kiloelectronvolt|kilo-electron volts]]). Using a twin-pair of [[Cadmium telluride|Cadmium Telluride]] (CdTe) and [[Cadmium zinc telluride|Cadmium Zinc Telluride]] (CZT) detectors, the instrument aims to study the acceleration and movement of electrons in the Sun's corona, as well as to study the [[Cutoff (physics)|cut-off]] energy between thermal and non-thermal solar emissions.<ref name=":1" />

=== Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX) ===
The ASPEX is an instrument composed of low and [[high energy particle]] spectrometers, designed to conduct measurements of the Sun's solar wind particles. Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS), the low energy spectrometer, contains two analysers, each designed to study particles entering the device in different planes. Supra Thermal Energetic Particle Spectrometer (STEPS), the high energy spectrometer, also consists of two parts, STEPS 1 and STEPS 2, both designed to separate protons and [[alpha particle]]s and measure the integrated [[flux]]. The instrument was developed by the [[Physical Research Laboratory]], [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya (PAPA) ===
The PAPA is an instrument on board the Aditya-L1 designed to study the temperature, distribution and velocity of the solar winds. The instrument contains two sensors; the Solar Wind Electron Energy Probe (SWEEP) and the Solar Wind lon Composition Analyser (SWICAR). The detectors are used in conjunction to analyse the energy levels of electrons and ions within the solar wind. The instrument was developed by the Space Physics Laboratory of the [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Digital Magnetometers ===
On board the Aditya-L1 spacecraft are a pair of magnetic sensors on a deployable boom, one positioned in the middle and the other at the tip. The purpose of these sensors is to gather information about the magnitude and direction of the Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (IMF), as well as to study other events such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CME). Data from the magnetic sensors will be used to supplement that of the PAPA and ASPEX sensors.<ref name=":1" />

== Mission profile ==
[[File:Flight Sequence.pdf|thumb|Flight Sequence of PSLV-C57]]

=== Launch ===
[[File:PSLV-C57, Aditya-L1 - Launch Vehicle being transferred from Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) to Second Launch Pad (SLP) 05.webp|PSLV-C57 on launch pad housing Aditya-L1|thumb|left]]
On 2 September 2023, at 11:50 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV-C57) accomplished a successful launch of the ''Aditya-L1'' from the [[Second Launch Pad]] of the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] (SDSC) located in [[Sriharikota]].

''Aditya-L1'', following a flight duration of 63 minutes and 20 seconds, achieved a successful [[Orbit injection|injection]] into an [[elliptical orbit]] around the Earth at 12:54 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57 / ADITYA-L1 Mission - Press Release |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Aditya-L1'' underwent a series of four Earth-bound [[Orbital maneuver|orbital maneuvres]] prior to its injection to a transfer orbit towards the [[Lagrange point]] (L1). It reached its designated orbit at the L1 point 126 days after its launch on 6 January 2024 at 4:17 IST.<ref name="isro_20230902_adityal1">{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C57/ADITYA-L1 Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112819/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC57_AdityaL1_PressRelease.html |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aditya L1 Mission LIVE Updates: India creates yet another landmark, country's first solar observatory Aditya-L1 reaches its destination, says PM Modi|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/latest-daily-news-live-india-world-delhi-coldwave-covid-cases-in-india-breaking-news-and-updates-liveblog-12007491.html|work=Moneycontrol|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>

=== Orbit raising burns ===
[[File:Aditya L1 's Trajectory.pdf|thumb|Trajectory of PSLV-C57/Aditya L1 Mission]]

; First orbit raising burn
On 3 September 2023, the ''Aditya-L1'' performed its first Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|245|km}} into {{Cvt|22,459|km}} orbit.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Aditya L1|user=isro|number=1698224462821544411|date=3 September 2023|access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>

; Second orbit raising burn
On 5 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its second Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|282|km}} into {{Cvt|40,225|km}} orbit.

; Third orbit raising burn
On 10 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its third Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its orbit to a {{Cvt|296|km}} into {{Cvt|71,767|km}} orbit.

; Fourth orbit raising burn
On 15 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its fourth Earth-bound maneuvre, raising its original orbit to a {{Cvt|256|km}} into {{Cvt|121,973|km}} orbit. This was the last of such maneuvers, being directly followed by the Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection, which took place on 19 September.

; Trans-Lagrangian 1 Injection
On 19 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed its last maneuvre around Earth to escape its orbit and headed towards the Lagrange 1 point, taking at least four months to further reach its destination, 1.5 million kilometers away.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 Mission Details |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1-MissionDetails.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

On 30 September 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' had escaped the Earth's sphere of influence and was on the way to the Lagrange point 1.<ref name=":0" /> During this journey a week before Orbital Insertion, the SUIT instrument captured an X-class solare flare and a CME on December 31, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/isro-s-aditya-l1-captures-solar-eruption-that-could-circle-earth-in-30-seconds/ar-AA1EKiVO?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=b4e5dd3bf9934e2aff0471a165d7df87&ei=13 |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> This was the first observations of a solar flare using [[Near UV|near-UV]] light.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 Mission Observed Powerful Solar Flare and a First-of-Its-Kind Observation of Rare Plasma Ejection in Ultra-violet Light |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/SUIT_onboard_Aditya-L1_Mission.html |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

;Trajectory correction maneuver
On 6 October 2023, ''Aditya-L1'' performed a Trajectory Correction maneuvre (TCM1). It was needed to correct the trajectory evaluated after tracking the Trans-Lagrangian Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) maneuvre performed on 19 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

;Halo orbit insertion
On 6 January 2024, ''Aditya-L1'' was successfully injected on the [[Halo orbit]] of Lagrange point 1 (HOI), at 4:17 pm IST.<ref name="TET">{{cite news|title=Aditya-L1, ISRO's first solar spacecraft enters Sun's final orbit|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/aditya-l1-isros-first-solar-spacecraft-enters-suns-final-orbit/articleshow/106596085.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Mission stages and maneuvres
!Stage and Sequence
!Date/Time
!Time (IST)
![[Periapsis]]
![[Apoapsis]]
![[Duration|Duration]]
!Burn Time
!{{Refh}}
|-
! colspan="8" |Launch
|-
|Earth Orbit Insertion
|2 September 2023
|12:54 p.m
|{{Cvt|235|km}}
|{{Cvt|19500|km}}
|22 hours, 46 minutes
|
|<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1697874341604835828|user=isro|title=The launch of Aditya-L1 by PSLV-C57 is accomplished successfully. The vehicle has placed the satellite precisely into its intended orbit. India's first solar observatory has begun its journey to the destination of Sun-Earth L1 point.|date=2023-09-02|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="8" |Earth Bound maneuvres
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 1
|3 September 2023
|11:40 a.m.
|{{Cvt|245|km}}
|{{Cvt|22,459|km}}
|39 hours, 20 minutes
|
|<ref name="ebn2">{{Cite tweet|number=1698224462821544411|user=isro|title=The satellite is healthy and operating nominally. The first Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#1) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. The new orbit attained is 245km x 22459 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#2) is scheduled for September 5, 2023, around 03:00 Hrs. IST|date=2023-09-03|author=ISRO|df=dmy}}</ref>
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 2
|5 September 2023
|3:00 a.m
|{{Cvt|282|km}}
|{{Cvt|40225|km}}
|4 days, 23 hours and 30 minutes
|
|<ref name="ebn3">{{Cite tweet |user=isro |number=1698810887614992515 |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: The second Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#2) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. ISTRAC/ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation. The new orbit attained is 282 km x 40225 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#3) is scheduled for September 10, 2023, around 02:30 Hrs. IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 3
|10 September 2023
|2:30 am
|{{Cvt|296|km}}
|{{Cvt|71,767|km}}
|4 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes
|
|<ref name="ebn4">{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1700616257169400254|title=Aditya-L1 Mission:The third Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#3) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru.ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation.The new orbit attained is 296 km x 71767 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#4) is scheduled for September 15, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs. IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|Earth Bound maneuvre 4
|15 September 2023
|2:15 am
|{{Cvt|256|km}}
|{{Cvt|121,973|km}}
|3 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes
|
|<ref name="ebn5">{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1702426982602907974|title=Aditya-L1 Mission: The fourth Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#4) is performed successfully. ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation, while a transportable terminal currently stationed in the Fiji islands for Aditya-L1 will support post-burn operations. The new orbit attained is 256 km x 121973 km. The next maneuvre Trans-Lagragean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) a send-off from the Earth is scheduled for September 19, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs.IST |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|Trans-Lagrangian Point 1 Injection
|19 September 2023
|2:00 am
|
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=isro|number=1703876571080143044|title=Aditya-L1 Mission: Off to Sun-Earth L1 point! The Trans-Lagrangean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) maneuvre is performed successfully. The spacecraft is now on a trajectory that will take it to the Sun-Earth L1 point. It will be injected into an orbit around L1 through a maneuver after about 110 days. This is the fifth consecutive time ISRO has successfully transferred an object on a trajectory toward another celestial body or location in space |df=dmy |author=ISRO |author-link=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="8" |Trajectory correction maneuvres
|-
|Trajectory Correction maneuvre (TCM)
|6 October 2023
|
|
|
|
|16s
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA-L1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="8" |Halo orbit injection
|-
|Halo orbit insertion (HOI)
|6 January 2024
|4:17 pm
|
|
|approx. 177.86 earth days
|
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Halo-Orbit Insertion of Aditya-L1 Successfully Accomplished|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/halo-orbit-insertion-adtya-l1.html|website=[[ISRO]]|date=6 January 2024|access-date=6 January 2024|language=en}}</ref>
|}

{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300px
| header = Animation of Aditya-L1
| image1 = Animation of Aditya-L1 around Earth.gif
| caption1 = Around the Earth
| image2 = Animation of Aditya-L1 around Sun - Frame rotating with Earth.gif
| caption2 = Around the L1 point - Frame rotating with Earth
| footer = {{legend2|Magenta| Aditya-L1}}{{·}}{{legend2| RoyalBlue| Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2|Cyan| L1 point}}
}}

=== Orbit ===
Aditya-L1 completed its first [[halo orbit]] around L1 point on July 2, 2024. It takes it approximately 178 days to complete each orbit. It underwent two station-keeping maneuvers on February 22 and June 7, and later one on July 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 Mission: Completion of First Halo Orbit |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Mission_Completion_of_First_Halo_Orbit.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

== Science phase ==
Following commissioning and checkout, Adiya L1 began Science observations about three months into the mission. The PAPA instrument on the spacecraft was operationalised on December 12, 2023, and made its first observation on February 10 and 11 2024 using the PAPA instrument to observe the Sun from its vantage point–a distance of about 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers).<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Sharmila Kuthunur |date=2025-03-04 |title=India's Aditya-L1 solar probe watches powerful flare erupt from the sun |url=https://www.space.com/the-universe/sun/indias-aditya-l1-solar-probe-watches-powerful-flare-erupt-from-the-sun |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PAPA payload aboard Aditya-L1 detects solar wind impact of Coronal Mass Ejections |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PAPA_payload_Aditya-L1_detects_solar_wind.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> Post-launch calibration of SUIT has now characterised its filters in detail. In-orbit testing of the transmission, spatial variation, and out-of-band performance confirmed that most filters meet design expectations, with only a few showing slightly higher out-of-band transmission than predicted (still below 1%).<ref>Title = Science Filter Characterization of SUIT

Author = Mathew, S. K. and others

Eprint = 2412.11636

archiveprefix= arXiv

Date = 2024-12-17</ref> Additionally, on 31 December 2023, SUIT observed a plasma blob ejection from the Sun moving at speeds up to 1500 km/s, the highest recorded by the mission thus far.<ref name=":2" />

In conjunction with the [[Udaipur Solar Observatory]] and research stations at [[Thumba]], ISRO mobilised all its observation platforms and systems to record the signatures of a Massive Solar Flare in May 2024. Aditya-L1, [[Chandrayaan-2]]'s orbiter and [[XPoSat]] have made observations and observed signatures have been analysed. Aditya-L1 used ASPEX, SOLEX, HEL1OS and its [[magnetometer]] instruments to record data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO Captures the Signatures of the Recent Solar Eruptive Events from Earth, Sun-Earth L1 Point, and the Moon |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_CapturesSignaturesRecentSolarEruptive_Events.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> This storm, called "[[May 2024 solar storms|Gannon's Storm]]" was the strongest solar storm recorded since the beginning of the 21st Century. Using the Magneometers on Aditya L1 and other [[NASA]] spacecraft discovered that two distinct CMEs collided in space such that the magnetic field lines inside one of them snapped and rejoined in new ways, a process called [[magnetic reconnection]]. This sudden reversal of the magnetic field made the storm's impact much stronger than expected.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Aditya-L1 Joins Global Effort in Landmark Solar Storm Study |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Landmark_solar_storm_study.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Madanapalle |first=Aditya |date=2025-12-09 |title=Aditya L1 reveals complexities of plasma bursts during May 2024 solar storm |url=https://www.news9live.com/science/aditya-l1-reveals-complexities-of-plasma-bursts-during-may-2024-solar-storm-2910403 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref> Using observations of particles and fields measurements from Aditya-L1, and combining it with other ground based measurements as well as the [[GOES-18]] spacecraft, unusual dawn-side magnetic disturbances observed during this storm were most likely caused by a rare type of space current normally confined to auroral regions of the Sun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/earth-behaved-strangely-during-two-massive-solar-events-aditya-l1-reveals-why/ar-AA1WNeGK?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=6999e6d8809644dba8b2924c401cc5f6&ei=101 |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> During very strong storms, when the Earth’s magnetosphere becomes highly compressed, such rare auroral current systems ingress into lower solar latitudes, extending much farther towards the mean solar equator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya-L1 measurementshelp to explain unusual dawn-time geomagnetic disturbances during strong solar storms |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_measurementshelp.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rai |first=Deeksha |last2=Tulasi Ram |first2=S. |last3=Nilam |first3=B. |last4=Oliveira |first4=D. M. |last5=Remya |first5=B. |last6=Raghav |first6=Anil |last7=Chakrabarty |first7=D. |last8=Kumar |first8=Abhishek |last9=Parashar |first9=Shivam |last10=Yadav |first10=Vipin K. |last11=Dimri |first11=A. P. |date=2026-02-16 |title=Dawn‐Side Anomaly in Sudden Geomagnetic Field Responses to Solar Wind Pressure Discontinuities During the 10 May and 10 October 2024 Geomagnetic Storms |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025GL119914 |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=53 |issue=3 |doi=10.1029/2025GL119914 |issn=0094-8276|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Ground based observations from the [[Gauribidanur Radio Observatory|Gauribidanur radio telescope]] and [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics|IIA]] astronomers using VELC detected multiple CME-driven shock waves forming at a distance of approximately 130,000 kilometers above the Sun’s surface and traveling at nearly 1,700 kilometers per second on May 27 2024.This is the closest distance from the Sun at which such a shock and its associated radio burst have been unambiguously detected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sibu |date=2026-02-25 |title=Indian team makes big solar discovery that could save Earth's satellites, GPS |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/indian-team-make-big-solar-discovery-that-could-hit-earths-satellites-gps-aditya-l1-2874169-2026-02-25 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

On July 16, 2024, the VELC instrument was used to measure another large Coronal Mass ejection from the Sun. It also studied an accompanying solar flare and the motion of solar particles within the Sun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unlocking the Mysteries of the Sun: Aditya-L1's Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1_Observations_Coronal_Mass_Ejection.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Global Magnetic field changes during 2024 solar storms.webp|Global Solar wind impact map from 2024 Aditya L1 data
File:Aditya l1 2024 solar wind measurment data.webp|Global Solar wind impact map from 2024 Aditya L1 data
</gallery>

Marking its first year of science observation, ISRO released the maiden set of the scientific data from the Aditya L1 to the global scientific community on January 6, 2025, at the ISRO Headquarters in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO Organises National Meet on Aditya L1 Data Release and Payload Performance Appraisal |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_Nationalmeet_AdityaL1.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> ISRO presented the second set on February 14, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release of the Second Set of Aditya-L1 Science Data |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Second_Set_of_Aditya_L1_Science_Data.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> On February 22, 2024, Aditya L1 captured the first-ever image of a ''X6.3-class'' [[Solar flare|solar flare ‘kernel’]] occurring in the [[photosphere]] and the [[chromosphere]]. The image was taken alongside operations of SUIT, SoLEXS and HEL1OS instruments in the [[Near ultraviolet|Near-Ultraviolet band.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic First: India's Solar Ultra-violet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 Captures Unprecedented Solar Flare Details |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/SUIT_Aditya-L1_Captures_SolarFlare.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> Further studies of a continuation event in October 2024 decoded the impact of Solar winds with the [[Earth's magnetic field|Earth's Magnectic field]] and the result of these interactions that affected [[Geostationary satellites]] in earth orbit. The study also noted that currents over high latitude regions intensified, potentially heating the Earth’s upper atmosphere and causing enhanced [[atmospheric escape]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO's Aditya-L1 decodes the Impact of a Powerful Solar Storm on Earth's Invisible Magnetic Shield |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/AdityaL1_decodes_Impact_Powerful_Solar_Storm.html |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/india-s-aditya-l1-reveals-how-monster-solar-storm-shook-earth-s-magnetic-shield/ar-AA1TWqcq?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=696331fded474579b55019632b293c39&ei=132 |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/how-do-solar-storms-impact-earth-s-magnetic-field-isro-s-aditya-l1-decodes/ar-AA1TWDca?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=f558b6f61c61447b86265af935ca974c&ei=91 |access-date=2026-01-11 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> Scientists from IIA also reported observations of a flareless coronal mass ejection from reading taken by VELC in March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=C.S |first=Hemanth |date=2025-03-14 |title=Aditya-L1 mission: scientists observe a flareless coronal mass ejection |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/aditya-l1-mission-iia-scientists-report-observations-of-a-flareless-coronal-mass-ejection-from-the-solar-atmosphere/article69330587.ece/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>Observations from the onboard MAG payload show that during solar transient events in 2024, the [[interplanetary magnetic field]] magnitude increased above typical quiet-solar levels, and the spectral slope of turbulence approached a Kolmogorov -5/3 kind of behaviour. To verify changes in spectral behaviour, the data was compared with that from a day when quiet solar winds were present, resulting in a strong contrast. The quiet periods exhibit anisotropic turbulence, whereas the behaviour from the event exhibited quasi-isotropic behaviour, with spectral slopes closely following the Kolmogorov spectrum across all three IMF components.<ref>Title = Observations of the fluctuations in Interplanetary Magnetic Field around L1 point during the solar transient events of 2024 with MAG payload onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft.

Authors = Vipin K. Yadav, R.K. Choudhary and M. Midhun Goutham

archiveprefix = arXiv

eprint = 2509.03182

class = astro-ph.IM
</ref>

In 2025, using the data from the VELC instrument, researchers from IIA and NASA created the very first spectroscopic observations of a CME in the visible wavelength range. They also estimated the electron density, energy, mass, temperature and speed of a CME very close to the Sun.<ref>{{Cite news |last=C.S |first=Hemanth |date=2025-11-09 |title=Aditya-L1 gets a close look at eruptions from the sun |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/aditya-l1-iia-nasa-collaborate-to-record-spectroscopic-observations-of-a-cme-in-visible-wavelength-range-for-very-first-time/article70258711.ece |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/science/aditya-l1-mission-tracks-coronal-mass-ejection-in-india-nasa-collaboration-article-13662018.html Aditya-L1 mission tracks coronal mass ejection in India-NASA collaboration]</ref>

On the second anniversary (January 6, 2026) of Aditya-L1's launch, ISRO made an Announcement of Opportunity to solicit proposals for scientific research data from its first AO cycle observations.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ISRO and [[ESA]] conducted a workshop at [[IIST]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvanthapuram]] between 19-23 January 2026 presenting data from Aditya-L1, [[PROBA-3|Proba-3]] and [[Solar Orbiter]] presenting complementary vantage data points from each mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO and ESA jointly organise ISRO-ESA Heliophysics Workshop on Aditya-L1, Solar Orbiter and Proba-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_ESA_Heliophysics_Workshop.html |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO-ESA Heliophysics Workshop on Aditya-L1, Solar Orbiter and Proba-3 {{!}} Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology |url=https://www.iist.ac.in/events/isro-esa-heliophysics-workshop-aditya-l1-solar-orbiter-and-proba-3 |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=www.iist.ac.in}}</ref> The [[2026 Union budget of India|2026 Indian budget]] also proposed to rebuild the [[National Large Solar Telescope|''National Large'' ''Solar Telescope'']] at a cost of about {{INRConvert|1000|c|year=2026}} by 2030 for it to serve as a complement to solar data from Aditya-L1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angry sun puts India at risk, ISRO warns of strong radio blackout |first=Pallava |last=Bagla |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/angry-sun-puts-india-at-risk-isro-warns-of-strong-radio-blackout/ar-AA1VDD4u?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=69849799bbad4c1c86f36ecc60d98bd9&ei=65 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Government of India Budget 2026-2027, Speech of Nirmala Sitharaman Minister of Finance |url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/Budget_Speech.pdf |date=February 1, 2026 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260201080555/https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/Budget_Speech.pdf |archive-date=2026-02-01 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.indiabudget.gov.in}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
Some images of the sun taken from SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) instrument of Aditya-L1 in different wavelengths.

[[File:Aditya L1 sun image1.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image2.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image3.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image4.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image5.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image6.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image7.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image8.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image9.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image10.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image11.png|150px]] [[File:Aditya L1 sun image12.png|150px]]

==Team==
* [[Nigar Shaji]] - Project director
* [[Sankarasubramanian. K|Sankarasubramanian K]] - Principal scientist of the mission<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational qualification of scientists behind ISRO's solar mission, Aditya L-1 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904053429/https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-educational-qualification-of-scientists-behind-aditya-l-1-mission-chandrayaan-3-s-somanath-iit-iisc-bengaluru-3058363 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* {{annotated link|Lagrange point}}
* [[Sun#Solar space missions|Solar space missions]]
** {{annotated link|Advanced Composition Explorer}}
** {{annotated link|Solar Dynamics Observatory}}
** {{annotated link|Solar and Heliospheric Observatory}}
** {{annotated link|Solar Orbiter}}
** {{annotated link|Parker Solar Probe}}
* {{annotated link|ISRO}}

== References ==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons}}
* [https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html ISRO page for Aditya-L1]

{{Sun spacecraft|state=collapsed}}
{{Space observatories}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2023}}

[[Category:Satellites of India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by India in 2023]]
[[Category:Missions to the Sun]]
[[Category:September 2023 in India]]
[[Category:Space probes launched in 2023]]

Aruna Stambha

2026-03-28T23:52:06Z

TeenaDease50: New the entry w/ refs!

{{short description| Religious Pillar of Jagannath Temple at Puri, Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox religious building
|name = Aruna Stambha
|historical name =
|image = Jagannath Temple, Puri 10 - Arun.jpg
|caption = Statue of Aruna (the charioteer of the Sun) on top of the Aruna Stambha in front of the Singhadwara
|location = [[Jagannath Temple]], [[Puri, Odisha]]
|religious_affiliation = Hinduism
|deity = [[Aruna (Hinduism)|Aruna]]
|materials = Chlorite Stone
|height_max = {{convert|34|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|coordinates = {{coord|19.8050|85.8179|display=title,inline}}
|built =
|founded_by = Divyasingha Deva II
}}
'''Aruna Stambha''' (Sun Pillar)<ref name="e3LpN"/><ref name="Behera1996"/> is a sixteen-sided {{convert|34|ft|adj=off}} tall monolithic chlorite stone Pillar having the idol of [[Aruna (Hinduism)|Aruna]] (Charioteer of [[Surya|Sun]]) on the top. It is about {{convert|20|ft|spell=in}} away from the Singhdwara (Lion Gateway) of [[Jagannath Temple]] in Puri.<ref name="Das1994"/>

[[File:Arunastambha.jpg|thumb|left|An image of Aruna Stambha in front of the Jagannath Temple]]

It is an important Landmark of [[Puri]] and the pilgrims and devotees worship it with great reverence. The Stambha has a magnificent base carved with military scenes and other figures. Its Capitol is ornamented by a series of lotus petals. The monolithic shafts nearly in circumference is sixteen sided. Above this are two gradually diminishing square slabs surmounted by the idol of Aruna in the act of praying to the god Sun. The column is about {{convert|10.5|m|order=flip}} in height. The whole Stambha is a monument of great beauty.<ref name="Manti2014" />

==History==
According to [[Madala Panji]], Chronicle of Jagannath Temple, mentioned that the Aruna Stambha was brought from the [[Konark Sun Temple|Konark]] (Sun temple) during the reign of [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]] king ''Dibyasingha Deva II'' by the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] guru 'Brahmachari Gosain' and erected here in front of Singhadwara.<ref name="Das2010"/> In 1815 the artists of [[Colin Mackenzie]] preparing a sketch of the Pillar at Puri on 26 April. The Pillar seems to have been removed to Puri in the last quarter of the 18th century. From the Vedic times, Surya is taken to be identical with [[Vishnu]]. Hence it was quite appropriate to place in front of the temple of Vishnu-Jagannath at Puri.<ref name="Behera2005"/>

{{clear}}
== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Behera1996">
{{cite book
|author=Behera, Karuna Sagar
|year=1996
|title=Konarak: Religion, history, and architecture
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfDVAAAAMAAJ&q=aruna+stambha
|publisher=Aryan Books International
|isbn=978-81-7305-074-9
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Das1994">
{{cite book
|author=Das, J.P.
|year=1994
|title=Diurnal Rites and Other Poems
|publisher=Sahitya Akademi
|isbn=978-81-7201-533-6
|page=6
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xA9JTM3C2EC&pg=PA6
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Manti2014">
{{cite book
|author=Manti, J.C.
|date=22 August 2014
|title=The Saga of Jagannatha and Badadeula at Puri (Story of Lord Jagannatha and his temple)
|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd
|isbn=978-93-82652-45-8
|page=51
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QweqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA51
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Das2010">
{{cite book
|author=Das, Suryanarayan
|year=2010
|title=Lord Jagannath
|publisher=Sanbun Publishers
|isbn=978-93-80213-22-4
|page=56
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&pg=PA56
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Behera2005">
{{cite book
|author=Behera, Karuna Sagar
|year=2005
|title=Konark – The Black Pagoda
|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
|isbn=978-81-230-2997-9
|page=119
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aNuSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119
}}
</ref>

<ref name="e3LpN">
{{cite book
|title=Bonding with the Lord: Jagannath, popular culture and community formation
|date=18 November 2019
|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing
|isbn=978-93-88414-53-1
|page=206
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XN7FDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT206
}}
</ref>

</references> 

[[Category:Jagannath Temple Complex]]
[[Category:Historic sites in Odisha]]
[[Category:Puri]]
[[Category:Surya temples]]

Serampore Uttarpara

2026-03-20T14:51:44Z

TeenaDease50: new

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Serampore Uttarpara
| other_name = Sreerampur Uttarpara
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Srirampore Uttarpara in Hooghly (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = MAP Of Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.7051367|N|88.3353567|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 44.80
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 152,266
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 712248 (Rishra) 712234 (Kanaipur) 712247 (Raghunathpur) 712246 (Nabagram) 712233 (Hindmotor)
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 033
| registration_plate = WB 15, WB 16, WB 18
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 86.68%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Sreerampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sreerampur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Sreerampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sreerampur]], [[Uttarpara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Uttarapara]]
| website = {{URL|hooghly.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sreerampur Uttarpara''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Srirampore subdivision]] of [[Hooghly district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
The Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block is part of the Hooghly Flats, one of the three natural regions in the district of the flat [[alluvium|alluvial]] plains, that forms part of the [[Gangetic Delta]]. The region is a narrow strip of land along the 80 km long stretch of the [[Hooghly River]], that forms the eastern boundary of the district. The region has been physiographically influenced by the course of the river. The Hooghly is a tidal river and has a high west bank. The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the Danes and the British dominated industry, trade and commerce in this area for more than two centuries, and as a result this belt is highly industrialised.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Physiography, Page 17-24|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2017 }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Map of hooghly district .jpg|thumb |500 px|left|Map of Hooghly district showing CD blocks and municipal areas ]]
Nabagram, a constituent panchayat of Sreerampur-Uttarpara block, is located at {{coord|22.7051367|N|88.3353567|E|format=dms|}}.

Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block is bounded by [[Baidyabati Municipality]] in the north, [[Serampore Municipality]], [[Rishra Municipality]], [[Konnagar Municipality]], [[Uttarpara Kotrung Municipality]], [[Barrackpore II]] CD Block in North 24 Parganas district, across the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]], in the east, [[Bally Jagachha (community development block)|Bally Jagachha]] CD Block, in Howrah district, in the south and [[Chanditala II]], [[Singur (community development block)|Singur]] and [[Polba Dadpur]] CD Blocks in the west.

It is located 29 km from [[Chinsurah]], the district headquarters.

Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block has an area of 44.8 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 6 [[gram panchayat]]s, 117 gram sansads (village councils), 19 [[mouza]]s and 13 inhabited villages. [[Serampore#Police station|Serampore]], [[Dankuni#Police station|Dankuni]] and [[Uttarpara#Police station|Uttarpara]] police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 October 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Serampore.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Map of Hooghly district with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hooghlyzp.org/html/serampore-uttarpara.html | title = Serampore Uttarpara| work= Local Self-government| access-date = 6 June 2017 | publisher = Hooghly Zilla Parishad}}</ref>
[[File:Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block Map.svg|thumb|right|300px|Map Of Sreerampur Uttarpara CD block]]
[[Gram panchayat]]s of Sreerampur-Uttarpara block/ panchayat samiti are: Kanaipur, Nabagram, Pearapur, Raghunathpur, Rajyadharpur and Rishra.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Hooghly – Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 16 May 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Serampur Uttarpara CD Block had a total population of 152,266, of which 36,389 were rural and 115,877 were urban. There were 77,725 (51%) males and 74,541 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 13,794. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 35,086 (23.04%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 1,246 (0.82%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 26 May 2016}}</ref>

As per the 2001 census, Sreerampur-Uttarpara block had a total population of 126,337, out of which 65,277 were males and 61,060 were females. Sreerampur-Uttarpara block registered a population growth of -3.26% during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Hooghly district was 15.72%.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url= http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_12.htm|title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2011-01-20 |work=Census of India 2001 – Hooghly district |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928211036/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_12.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2011-01-20 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]]s in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Belumilki]] (10,998), [[Dakshin Rajyadharpur]] (11,254), [[Rishra, Sreerampur Uttarpara|Rishra (CT)]] (16,504), [[Bamunari]] (6,266), [[Nawapara]] (7,262), [[Nabagram Colony]] (18,358), [[Basai, Hooghly|Basai]] (8,772), [[Kanaipur]] (26,814) and [[Raghunathpur (PS-Dankuni)|Raghunathpur]] (9,650).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Piarapur (4,167), Ghoramara (4,284) and Mollarber (6,006).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Chapsara (1,435), Uttar Rajyadharpur (1,634), Pandit Satghara (3.087), Simla (3,164), Madpur (815), Bangihati (3,660), Basipota (958), Bhadua (2,236), Mirpur (3,056) and Jagannathpur (1,887).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block was 120,032 (86.68% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 64,513 (91.21% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 56,419 (83.28% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 7.93%.<ref name=census2011/>

As per the 2001 census, Sreerampur-Uttarpara block had a total literacy of 68.09 per cent. While male literacy was 83.84 per cent, female literacy was 69.91 per cent.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hooghlyzp.org/html/jangipara.html | title = Jangipara | work= Local Self-government| access-date = 2011-08-04 | publisher = Hooghly Zilla Parishad}}</ref>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Hooghly district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|90.14}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|9.10}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|0.41}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.35}}
}}

As per the 2011 census, majority of the population of the district belong to the Hindu community with a population share of 82.9% followed by Muslims at 15.8%. The percentage of the Hindu population of the district has followed a decreasing trend from 87.1% in 1961 to 82.9% in the latest census 2011. On the other hand, the percentage of Muslim population has increased from 12.7% in 1961 to 15.8% in 2011 census.<ref name=census2>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Religion, Mother-tongue Pages 50-51|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2017 }}</ref>

In 2011 census Hindus numbered 137,245 and formed 90.14% of the population in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block. Muslims numbered 13,863 and formed 9.10% of the population. Others numbered 1,158 and formed 0.76% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Sreerampur Uttarpara block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 86.42 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 12.44 |color2 = orange
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.14 |color3 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 86.42% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 12.44% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Administration==
===Zilla Parishad===
Serampore–Uttarpara CD Block has 3 [[District council (India)|Zilla Parishad]] seats. The latest elections were held in [[2023 West Bengal local elections|July 2023]] where the [[Trinamool Congress]] won all 3 seats.<ref name="WB 2023 Local Election Results">{{cite web|url=https://portal.wbsec.org/|title=2023 WB Local Election Results|work=SEC West Bengal|accessdate=2 January 2026}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="75%" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Zilla Parishad
! ZP No.
! Councillor
! colspan="2" | Party
! Remarks
|-
| rowspan=3| Serampore–Uttarpara || 1 || Dipti Bhattacharjee || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
| 2 || Nikhil Chakraborty
|
|-
| 3 || Priyanka Dey
|
|}

===Panchayat Samiti===
Serampore–Uttarpara [[Panchayat samiti|Panchayat Samiti]] has 17 divisions. The latest elections were held in [[2023 West Bengal local elections|July 2023]] where the [[Trinamool Congress]] won a landslide victory, winning 15 divisions with 1 division each was won by the BJP and the CPI(M).<ref name="WB 2023 Local Election Results"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="75%" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=8|Chairperson: Moni Manna Samui
|-
!style="background-color:#20C646; color:white" colspan=8|Deputy Chairperson: Indranath Chakraborty
|-
! Gram Panchayat
! No.
! Councillor
! colspan="2" | Party
! Remarks
|-
| rowspan=3| Kanaipur || 1 || Shyamali Das || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
| 2 || Koushik Das
|
|-
| 3 || Yuthika Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan=3| Nabagram || 4 || Subhamoy Bhattacharya || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
| 5 || Moumita Guharay || {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=13}}
|
|-
| 6 || Prabhat Kumar Roy Chowdhury
|
|-
|rowspan=2| Raghunathpur || 7 || Sabita Das Ghosh
|
|-
| 8 || Subhas Chandra Rong
|
|-
|rowspan=3| Rajyadharpur || 9 || Supriya Roy
|
|-
| 10 || Sulekha Das
|
|-
| 11 || Indranath Chakraborty
|
|-
|rowspan=3| Rishra || 12 || Biraj Molla
|
|-
| 13 || Kabita Mondal
|
|-
| 14 || Tripti Karmakar
|
|-
|rowspan=3| Pearapur || 15 || Bikash Das
|
|-
| 16 || Dipen Mondal
|
|-
| 17 || Moni Manna Samui
|
|}

===Gram Panchayats===
Serampore–Uttarpara [[Panchayat samiti|Panchayat Samiti]] has 6 villages or [[Gram panchayat|gram panchayats]]. The latest elections were held in [[2023 West Bengal local elections|July 2023]] where the [[Trinamool Congress]] won all the 10 villages.<ref name="WB 2023 Local Election Results"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan=4 align="Centre" |No.
! rowspan=4 align="Centre" |Gram Panchayat
! rowspan=4 align="Centre" |Total Seats
|{{party color cell|Trinamool Congress}}
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|colspan="3" {{party color cell|Sanjukta Morcha}}
|{{party color cell|Independent}}
!rowspan=4 colspan=2|Majority
|-
!rowspan=3|[[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
!rowspan=3|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
!colspan="3"|[[Secular Democratic Alliance|SDA]]
!rowspan=3|Others
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party color cell|Indian Secular Front}}
|-
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]
![[Indian Secular Front|ISF]]
|-
!1
|Kanaipur
|'''30'''
|14
|8
|5
|colspan=2|0
|3
| align=center style="background-color:#20C646; color:black"|AITC
|-
!2
|Nabagram
|'''19'''
|10
|0
|9
|colspan=2|0
|0
| align=center style="background-color:#20C646; color:black"|AITC
|-
!3
|Raghunathpur
|'''10'''
|6
|2
|2
|colspan=2|0
|0
| align=center style="background-color:#20C646; color:black"|AITC
|-
!4
|Rajyadharpur
|'''25'''
|22
|0
|1
|2
|0
|0
| align=center style="background-color:#20C646; color:black"|AITC
|-
!5
|Rishra
|'''30'''
|20
|3
|3
|0
|3
|1
| align=center style="background-color:#20C646; color:black"|AITC
|-
!6
|Pearapur
|'''18'''
|17
|1
|colspan=3|0
|0
| align=center style="background-color:#20C646; color:black"|AITC
|-
! colspan=2 align=center style="background-color:#CDCDCD; color:black"|Total
! align=center style="background-color:#CDCDCD; color:black"|132
! align=center style="background-color:#20C646; color:black"|89
! align=center style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black"|14
! align=center style="background-color:#CC0D0D; color:white"|20
! align=center style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:black"|2
! align=center style="background-color:#0004EF; color:white"|3
! align=center style="background-color:#B2B2B2; color:black"|4
| {{Party color cell|Independent}}
|}

==Rural poverty==
As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2005, [[rural poverty]] in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block was 7.59%.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Hooghly |work = Table 2.38: Empirical Measurement of Rural Poverty in Hooghly 2005, page 89 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 14 June 2017 |archive-date = 7 August 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170807182323/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block'''
|value1 = 2.41
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 3.57
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 4.94
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 89.08
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 2.41%, agricultural labourers 3.57%, household industry workers 4.94% and other workers 89.08%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly | work = Tables 2.7, 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 October 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 13 inhabited villages in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block. Amongst all the CD Blocks in Hooghly district Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block has the lowest number of inhabited villages. 100% villages have power supply. 10 villages have more than one source of drinking water (tap, well, tube well, hand pump), 2 villages had only tube well/ borewell and 1 village had a hand pump only. Only 2 villages have sub post offices. All 13 villages have landlines, 12 villages have public call offices and 13 villages have mobile phone coverage. 10 villages have pucca roads and 10 villages have bus service (public/ private).<ref name=censushandbook>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Appendices to Village Directory, 2009, Pages 775-779|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2017 }}</ref>

{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#ffffcc; color:black; width:20em; max-width: 25%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
! style="background-color:#cccccc;" | Important Handicrafts of Hooghly District
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
*'''Zari Work on Sari''' - Pandua, Pursurah, Jangipara, Tarakeswar and other blocks - 3,000 families involved
*'''Chikon Embroidery''' – Babnan, Pandua, Singur - 2,500 families involved
*'''Silk and Cotton Printing''' – Serampore (Chanditala) - 300 families involved
*'''Brass and Bell Metal''' – Manikpat, Goghat, Arambagh - 150 families involved
*'''Conch Shell''' – Pandua, Khanakul, Makla, Chandannagar
*'''Jute Diversified Product''' – Baidyabati, Mogra
*'''Terracota''' – Chinsurah, Chandannagar, Baidyabati, Mogra
Source:District [[Human Development Report]] 2010: Hooghly P. 67
|}

===Agriculture===
In 2013-14, the small percentage of persons engaged in agriculture in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 12.25%, patta (document) holders 3.32%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 0.43%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 52.66% and agricultural labourers 31.33%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block had 18 fertiliser depots, 19 seed stores and 29 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013-14.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block produced 773 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 305 hectares, 369 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 117 hectares, 1,095 tonnes of jute from 52 hectares, 2,585 tonnes of potatoes from 117 hectares and 2,132 tonnes of sugar cane from 14 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds .<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block was 1,776 hectares, out of which 985 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 390 hectares by tank water, 180 hectares by deep tube wells and 221 hectares by shallow tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block had offices of 7 commercial banks.<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block has 5 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Howrah-Bardhaman main line]] passes through this CD Block and there are stations at Uttarpara, Hind Motor, Konnagar, Rishra, Shrirampur, [[Sheoraphuli railway station|Sheoraphuli]] and Baidyabati. The stations located in the cities/ municipal towns are outside the CD Block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/howrah-barddhaman-jn-local-37815/14449/581/2 |title = 37815 Howrah Bardhaman Jn Local |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 13 June 2017}}</ref>

It is part of [[Kolkata Suburban Railway#Howrah Eastern Section|Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system.

==Education==
In 2013-14, Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block had 51 primary schools with 5,053 students, 6 high schools with 2,287 students and 10 higher secondary schools with 8,872 students. Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block had 1 general college with 2,366 students and 182 institutions for special and non-formal education with 3,303 students<ref name=handbook2014/>

In Sreerampur Uttarpar CD Block, amongst the 13 inhabited villages, all villages had a school, 7 villages had more than 1 primary school, 4 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 3 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref name=censushandbook/>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 2 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] with total 85 beds and 4 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 25 family welfare subcentres. 14,030 patients were treated indoor and 172,915 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block has Kanaipur Rural Hospital (with 30 beds) at [[Kanaipur]] and [[Dakshin Rajyadharpur|Rajyadharpur]] [[Primary Health Centre (India)|Primary Health Centre]] (with 10 beds).<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 July 2017 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block is one of the areas of Hooghly district where ground water is affected by moderate level of [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]]. The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. In Hooghly district, 16 blocks have arsenic levels above WHO guidelines and 11 blocks above Indian standard value. The maximum concentration in Sreerampur Uttarpara CD Block is 200 mg/litre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb8.htm| title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| publisher = SOES| work = Hugli| access-date = 3 June 2017| archive-date = 24 May 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170524133243/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb8.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Srirampore subdivision}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Hooghly topics}}
{{Commons category|Map of CD Block Hooghly District|Map of CD Blocks in Hooghly District }}
[[Category:Community development blocks in Srirampore subdivision]]

Konda Laxman Bapuji

2026-03-19T17:59:38Z

TeenaDease50: enhanced structure additionally as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian politician (1915–2012)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Konda Lakshman Bapuji
| image =Konda Laxman Bapuji During Telangana Movement a (cropped).jpg
| caption = Father of Telangana
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1915|09|27}}
| birth_place = Wankidi, [[Asifabad district]], [[Telangana State]]
| residence = Jaladhrushyam, Hyderabad
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2012|09|21|1915|09|27}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| office =
| constituency =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| spouse = Dr. Konda Shakunthala Devi
| children = 2 sons & 1 daughter
| website = www.kondalaxmanbapuji.com
| footnotes =|
| year = |
}}
'''Konda Laxman Bapuji''' (27 September 1915 – 21 September 2012) was an Indian freedom fighter who participated in the [[Telangana Rebellion]] and Telangana activist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telanganastateofficial.com/konda-laxman-bapuji-profile-history-telugu-english-pdf-essay-images/ |title=Konda Laxman Bapuji History & unknown Facts |date=21 September 2017 |work=TSO}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/regions/karimnagar/1969-stir-veteran-yatra-t-956 |title=1969 stir veteran on yatra for T |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524024030/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/regions/karimnagar/1969-stir-veteran-yatra-t-956 |archive-date=2011-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/31/stories/2009083159990400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903134105/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/31/stories/2009083159990400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 September 2009 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title='Khazana building' proposed for Telangana museum | date=31 August 2009}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101212215223/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/09/stories/2010120959210100.htm The Hindu]</ref> He fought for the statehood of Telangana all his life.

==Early life==
Bapuji was born in Wankidi village, [[Komaram Bheem district]], [[Hyderabad State]] (now in Telangana) in a [[Padmashali]] community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-27 |title=KCR unveils Konda Lakshman Bapuji's statue at Padmashali Bhavan |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2014-09-27/KCR-unveils-Konda-Lakshman-Bapujis-statue-at-Padmashali-Bhavan/109373 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJczAQAAIAAJ&q=konda+laxman+bapuji+padmasali |title=Census of India, 1971: Series 1: India |date= |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |pages=198 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2013 |title=Konda Laxman Bapuji – The Torchbearer of Telangana |url=https://www.exploretelangana.com/konda-laxman-bapuji/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=ExploreTelangana |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Konda Lakshman Bapuji in a book release during Telangana Agitation.jpg|thumb|left|255px|Konda Lakshman Bapuji in a book release during Telangana Agitation]]

==Career==
Bapuji met [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1941 and inspired by him, he participated in the [[Quit India movement]] in 1942.

He also waged battle against the Nizam and the [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razaakar]]s during the Telangana armed struggle in 1947–48.

===Telangana movement (1952 - 1969)===
He participated in the [[1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana)|1952 Non-mulki agitation]]. He was the first minister in Congress government to resign from his post for Telangana cause on 29 March 1969, and then participated to give impetus to the [[1969 Telangana Agitation]].

===Political life===
He was first elected as MLA from Asifabad constituency in 1952. In 1957, Asifabad became a reserved constituency, so he shifted to Nalgonda district which had large number of Padmashali population. He won from Chinna Kondur (later renamed as Bhongir) constituency in 1957 and served as deputy speaker from 1957 to 1960 and as minister from 1960 to 1962.

He unsuccessfully contested as MLA from Munugodu constituency in 1962 but later on served as MLA and minister (1967–69) for two terms from Bhongir assembly constituency (1967–72, 1972–78).

Because of his capabilities, straightforward nature and the clean image he was frontrunner for the CM post on two occasions. It was a well-known fact that due to caste equation and internal politics within the Congress he missed the bus. Unhappy with the former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's opposition to the Mandal commission recommendations, he resigned from the primary membership of the Congress in 1987.

===Telangana movement (2008 - 2012)===
He was a member of [[Telangana Sadhana Samithi]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/09/stories/2007090950110100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915055138/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/09/stories/2007090950110100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 September 2007 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=TRCCC rejects 2nd SRC proposal | date=9 September 2007}}</ref> He announced, "We solemnly declare statehood for Telangana on November 2, 2008."<ref>[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Goud-declares-Telangana-separate-state/380654/ Goud declares Telangana separate state]</ref>

Unlike most leaders from Telangana region, Konda Lakshman Bapuji had the courage to sacrifice and remained out of power for four decades to achieve Telangana statehood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2013-11-26/Betrayal-of-Telangana-by-its-own-leaders-77967 |title=Betrayal of Telangana By Its Own Leaders, Creation of Telangana |publisher=The Hans India |date= 26 November 2013|accessdate=2015-03-05}}</ref>

He was instrumental in forming Akhila Bharat padmashali sangam at Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite news
| last = K. Kasturi | first = Suman
| title = Konda Lakshman Bapuji remembered on his 99th birth anniversary
| work = The Hans India
| date = 27 September 2014
| url = https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/News-Analysis/2014-09-27/Konda-Lakshman-Bapuji-remembered-on-his-99th-birth-anniversary/109376?infinitescroll=1
| access-date = 18 March 2024}}</ref>

==Honour==
In 2014, the horticulture university in Hyderabad was named, [[Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University]], by the [[Government of Telangana]] in his honour.

His birthday is celebrated officially by the government of Telangana.

==Death==
He died on 21 September 2012 at his residence, Jala Dhrushyam, in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Telangana-torchbearer-Konda-Lakshman-passes-away/articleshow/16496760.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103113358/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-22/hyderabad/34021462_1_telangana-bill-separate-statehood-demand-telangana-state|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|title=Telangana-torchbearer Konda Lakshman passes away|date=22 Sep 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/konda-laxman-bapuji-cremated/article3927103.ece|title=Konda Laxman Bapuji cremated |date=23 September 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=9 October 2012|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He was married to Shankuntala Devi and has two sons and a daughter.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bapuji, Konda Lakshman}}
[[Category:Telangana Rebellion]]
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Komaram Bheem district]]

Fullara

2026-03-17T15:09:19Z

TeenaDease50: brief improved structure per sources and improved wording

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Birbhum, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Fullara
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Temple town
| image_skyline =Fullara Temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Fullara Temple, Birbhum
| nickname =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur]] [[Shantiniketan]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
}}

'''Fullara''' is a temple-town in [[Labpur (community development block)|Labpur]] CD Block in [[Bolpur subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in [[West Bengal]] in [[India]]. It is situated near [[Labhpur]]. Fullara is about 30 km. from its nearest town Bolpur [[Shantiniketan]].
There is no image or idol in the Garbha griha in the temple, rather, a large stone (the symbol of Devi Sati) is worshiped there. It is also one of 51 [[Shakti Peethas|shakti peethas]].

== History ==
[[File:Fullara 1.JPG|thumb|left|Fullara temple]]

According to the [[Hindu mythology]], when [[Shiva|Mahadeva]] danced around with [[Dakshayani|Sati's]] dead body cutting it to pieces, the lower lip fell at Fullara. There is a big pond beside the temple. According to hearsay, [[Hanuman]] collected 108 [[Nymphaea nouchali|blue lotuses]] from the pond when [[Rama|Sri Ramachandra]] required them for the worship of goddess [[Durga]].<ref name="Fullara">{{cite web|url=http://www.seemyindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-fullara.htm |title=Fullara |access-date=2007-08-16 |publisher=seemyindia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806072338/http://seemyindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-fullara.htm |archive-date=2007-08-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is considered to be one of the fifty-one [[Shakti Peethas|shakti peethas]] in India.<ref name = "Government">{{cite web | url = http://birbhum.gov.in/birtour2.htm | title = Labhpur| access-date = 2007-08-24 | publisher = Birbhum District administration}}</ref>

==Fair==
A 10-day fair is organized near Fullara temple during [[Magha Purnima|Magh Purnima]].<ref name = "Government"/>

==See also==
* [[Attahas, Katwa|Attahas Fullora]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]]

{{Birbhum-geo-stub}}

Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project

2026-03-13T15:25:11Z

TeenaDease50: updated article as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|Connection of seaports in India and Myanmar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project.svg|thumb|Route map of the transport project]]
The '''Kaladan Road Project'''<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Purushothaman|first=Vakkom|url=http://tntmagazine.in/news/mizoram/kaladan-multi-modal-transit-transport-project-to-link-sea-route-in-myanmar-with-mizoram/|title=Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project to link sea route in Myanmar with Mizoram|newspaper=The Northeast Times|access-date=11 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415053036/http://tntmagazine.in/news/mizoram/kaladan-multi-modal-transit-transport-project-to-link-sea-route-in-myanmar-with-mizoram/|archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> ({{langx|my|ကုလားတန်မြစ်ကြောင်း ဘက်စုံဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေး စီမံကိန်း}}) is an international transport project connecting the eastern [[India|Indian]] seaport of [[Port of Kolkata|Kolkata]] with [[Sittwe]] seaport in [[Rakhine State]], [[Myanmar]] by sea. In Myanmar, it will then link Sittwe seaport to [[Paletwa]] in [[Chin State]] via the [[Kaladan river]] boat route, and then from Paletwa by road to [[Mizoram]] state in [[Northeast India]]. All components of the project, including Sittwe port and power, river [[dredging]], and Paletwa jetty, have been completed,<ref name=update2>[https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/north/still-under-construction-1502635461.html Still under construction], ''The Statesman'', 13 May 2018.</ref><ref name=update3>[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-starts-construction-of-1600-cr-mizoram-myanmar-kaladan-road/article23577107.ece India starts construction of ₹1,600-cr Mizoram-Myanmar Kaladan road], ''Business Line'', 17 April 2018.</ref> except the under construction Zorinpui-Paletwa road.<ref name=jats1>[https://theprint.in/diplomacy/110-km-road-is-final-challenge-for-long-delayed-india-myanmar-kaladan-connectivity-project/629247/ 110-km road is final challenge for long-delayed India-Myanmar Kaladan connectivity project], The Print, 29 March, 2021.</ref> Originally, the project was scheduled to be completed by 2014; after this deadline was missed, the project was expected to be fully operational by December 2023.<ref name=jats1/> With further delays, according to India and Mizoram government, the entire project would be operational by 2027.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=7 July 2025 |title=Kaladan project between India, Myanmar to be operational by 2027: Sonowal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kaladan-project-between-india-myanmar-to-be-operational-by-2027-sonowal/article69783126.ece#:~:text=The%20Kaladan%20Multimodal%20Transit%20Transport,through%20the%20southeast%20Asian%20country. |access-date=21 October 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=အာရက္ခတပ်တော်နှင့် ကောင်းမွန်သည့်ဆက်ဆံရေးရှိဟု မီဇိုရမ်ပြည်နယ်ဝန်ကြီးချုပ် ပြော |url=https://burmese.dvb.no/post/750214 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ၊ မီဇိုရမ်ပြည်နယ်အစိုးရနဲ့ အာရက္ခတပ်တော် (AA)တို့ကြားမှာ ကောင်းမွန်တဲ့ ဆက်ဆံရေး ရှိကြပြီး အိန္ဒိယအစိုးရ တည်ဆောက်နေတဲ့ ကုလားတန်စီမံကိန်းကိုလည်း အာရက္ခ တပ်တော်က ထိန်းချုပ်ထားတယ်လို့ မတ် ၁… |language=en}}</ref>

==History==

This project will reduce the distance from [[Kolkata]] to [[Sittwe]] by approximately {{convert|1328|km|abbr=on}} and will reduce the need to transport goods through the narrow [[Siliguri]] corridor, also known as [[Chicken's Neck (India)|Chicken's Neck]].

Initially India had tried to persuade [[Bangladesh]] to offer transport and transit rights to the northeastern states.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Egreteau |first=Renaud |date=2011 |title=A Passage to Burma? India, Development and Democratization in Myanmar |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13569775.2011.619771|journal=Contemporary Politics|volume=17|issue=4|doi=10.1080/13569775.2011.619771 |pages=467–486 |s2cid=153496597|url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, [[Bangladesh]] has consistently refused to grant such rights, including access to its [[Chittagong]] port, which is less than {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} away from [[Agartala]], the capital of [[Tripura]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Phukan|first=Papori|title=Kaladan Multi-Modal Project In Myanmar|url=http://manipuronline.com/look-east-policy/kaladan-multi-modal-project-in-myanmar/2010/12/19|access-date=11 August 2012|newspaper=Manipur Online|archive-date=16 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616121801/http://manipuronline.com/look-east-policy/kaladan-multi-modal-project-in-myanmar/2010/12/19|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The project is being piloted and funded by the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]]. The preliminary feasibility studies were carried out by [[RITES|Rail India Technical and Economic Services (RITES)]]. Construction work on [[Sittwe]] port and the boat jetty in [[Paletwa]], as well as the dredging work, will be executed by the [[Inland Waterways Authority of India]] (IWAI), with Essar Projects Ltd, a division of the [[Essar Group]] appointed in May 2010 as the main contractor.<ref>{{cite web |work=Arakan Rivers |title=Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project|url=http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=135 |access-date=11 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529113016/http://www.arakanrivers.net/?page_id=135 |archive-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project initially faced problems such as underestimation of the road length in [[Myanmar]] and plans to construct hydro-electric projects — [[Chhimtuipui|Chhimtuipui River]] and [[Lungleng River]] — on two tributaries of the [[Kaladan River]] followed by another project downstream. That the first two projects are being built by one public sector undertaking and the third is being constructed by another PSU (Public Sector Unit) has also led to coordination issues. Due to construction of this hydro electrical projects, navigation of boats could be effected.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dikshit|first=Sandeep|title=India-Myanmar transport project hits roadblock|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3377718.ece|access-date=11 August 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

In April 2017, the Sittwe port and IWT Paletwa jetty were ready and operational.<ref name=miz1/> In April 2017, India handed over the operation of completed Sittwe port and Inland Water Terminal at Paletwa to Myanmar. In June 2017, India handed six gas tanker cargo vessels worth US$81.29 million (K110.08 billion) to the Myanmar government to transport gas to north-east India via [[Manipur]]. Work on the port in Sittwe and the IWT in Paletwa, Chin State, is in its final stages, and the six cargo vessels are meant to facilitate transportation of goods from Sittwe to Paletwa. The $81.29 million cost of the vessels was met through a grant from India. The construction work was assigned to IWT in October 2012, the keels were laid in March 2013 and the vessels were launched between April and December 2016. On completion of the tests and trials at Yangon, the vessels reached Sittwe in March 2017. Acceptance trials were completed in April 2017 in Sittwe.<ref name=miz1>[http://www.mizzima.com/news-domestic/six-cargo-vessels-handed-over-myanmar-india vessels handed over to Myanmar by India], Mizzima, 2 June 2017.</ref>

In June 2017, after several upward budget revisions and troubles in finding contractors, the INR1,600-crore (US$250 million) contract has been finally awarded to an Indian company C&C construction for building 109-km road connecting IWT Paletwa river terminal to Zorinpui in Mizoram border. The contractor would open offices at Sittwe, Paletwa and Yangon in Myanmar, mobilise men and machine during the monsoon and start construction after the monsoon in October.<ref name=biz1/>

In 2019, India and Myanmar launched [[Operation Sunrise (2019)|Operation Sunrise]], a joint military effort to dismantle insurgent group camps, especially the Arakan Army, threatening the Kaladan Project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-17 |title=Operation Sunrise: India-Myanmar target insurgent groups camp in North East |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/operation-sunrise-india-myanmar-target-insurgent-groups-camp-in-north-east-1550835-2019-06-17 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2026, the project which passes through the areas of Paletwa, Pauktaw, Ponnagyun Kyauktaw, and Mrauk-U townships, are controlled by the [[Arakan Army]]. A small area of jetty in Sittwe remains under the control of the military council.<ref name=":2" />

India plans to open the Kaladan project by 2027, as announced by [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways|Minister of Ports and Shipping]] [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] in July 2027.<ref> [https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/65443/ ၂၀၂၇ တွင် အသက်ဝင်မည့် အိန္ဒိယ၏ ကုလားတန်စီမံကိန်းနှင့် AA ၏ အခန်းကဏ္ဍ (The role of Arakan Army in the implementation of India's 2027 Kaladan plan)]. [[Myanmar Now]]. July 24, 2025.</ref><ref name=":1" />

==Route==

===Sea–river–road route===

The project has several sections combining multi-modes of transport:<ref>[http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/introduction-1 Multi-modal project introduction]</ref>

* '''Kolkata-Sittwe shipping route - {{convert|539|km|abbr=on}}''' from seaport of [[Kolkata]] in India to [[Sittwe]] seaport in [[Myanmar]] via [[Bay of Bengal]]. This sea route has been operational for several decades. Port upgrade, from 20,000 ton vessels to 40,000 ton capacity vessels, has been '''completed.'''

* '''Sittwe seaport to Paletwa inland jettyriver boat route - {{convert|158|km|abbr=on}}'''' from [[Sittwe]] seaport to Inland Water Terminal (IWT) and hydro power project at [[Paletwa]] jetty via [[Kaladan river]] in [[Myanmar]]. River dredging and jetty upgrade completed in June 2017.<ref name=biz1/><ref name=mand3>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/india-ramps-myanmar-ties-gain-foothold-asean.html|title=India ramps up Myanmar ties to gain foothold in ASEAN|date=15 May 2018|website=The Myanmar Times|access-date=30 May 2018|archive-date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516112626/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/india-ramps-myanmar-ties-gain-foothold-asean.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is at least one [[Lock (water navigation)|river lock]] for navigation.<ref name=lock1>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193824/http://stsfor.org/content/indias-infrastructure-development-projects-myanmar-game-changer-region-part-2-3 India's connectivity to Myanmar]}}.</ref> Six barges of 300 ton capacity each were handed over to Myanmar by the government of India.<ref name=ton1>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cabinet-clears-revised-cost-for-kaladan-multi-modal-transit-transport-project-115101400905_1.html Delay in Kaladan project], ''Business Standard'', 2018.</ref> '''Completed.'''<ref name=update2/> Sittwe Special Economic Zone at Ponnagyun town {{convert|60|km|mi}} north from Sittwe upstream of [[Kaladan River]] at Ponnagyun town is being built by India on 1000 acres.<ref name=sez1/><ref name=biz1/>

* '''Paletwa inland jetty to Zorinpui road route in Myanmar - {{convert|108|km|abbr=on}}''' two-lane in each direction (4 lanes total) road route from IWT [[Paletwa]] to [[Zochachhuah|Zochawchhuah]](India)–Zorinpui (Myanmar) at Indo-Myanmar border in [[Myanmar]]. Construction contract of INR1600 crore (16 billion) was awarded to [[Ircon International|Ircon]] in June 2017,<ref name=biz1/><ref name=mand2/> and construction commenced in April 2018,<ref name=mandalay1>[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-myanmar-land-border-crossing-open-sushma-swaraj-imphal-mandalay-bus-service-5305229/ Road to Mandalay] ''Indian Express'', June 2018.</ref> after all the necessary approvals were granted by the Myanmar govt in January 2018.<ref name=mand2>[https://thenortheasttoday.com/archive/mizoram-to-get-connected-with-sittwe-port-in-rakhine-state-of-myanmar-via-1600-cr-road/ Mizoram to get connected with Sittwe port]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> [[Borders of India#India–Myanmar border|Integrated Customs & Immigration Checkpost]] at Zochawchhuah-Zorinpui has been operational since 2017.<ref name=jooats1/>

** '''Package-I: Paletwa inland jetty to Kaletwa road route in Myanmar - {{convert|67|km|abbr=on}}''' is '''Complete''' as per March 2024 update.<ref name=jooats1/><ref name=jooats3/>

** '''Package-II: Kaletwa to Zorinpui road route in Myanmar - {{convert|48.5|km|abbr=on}}''' is '''under construction''' as per March 2024 update, militants in control of the area have assured cooperation and security for the completion of the road.<ref name=jooats2> [https://cenjows.in/preserving-indian-interests-during-ongoing-disturbances-in-myanmar/ Preserving Indian Interests during Ongoing Disturbances in Myanmar]. Centre for Joint Warfare Studies. Manshi Suhag. July 9, 2024. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214010615/https://cenjows.in/preserving-indian-interests-during-ongoing-disturbances-in-myanmar/|date=December 14, 2024}}</ref><ref name=jooats3>[https://idsa.in/idsacomments/The-Kaladan-Transport-Project-Amidst-the-Civil-War-in-Myanmar-OPDas-220724 The Kaladan Transport Project Amidst the Civil War in Myanmar], IDSA, 22 July 2024. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804094411/https://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/The-Kaladan-Transport-Project-Amidst-the-Civil-War-in-Myanmar-OPDas-220724|date=August 4, 2024}} </ref>

* '''Zorinpui to Aizawl road route in India - {{convert|110|km|abbr=on}}''' from Indo-Myanmar border at Zorinpui to Aizawl. From Aizawl it connect to Aizawl-Saiha National Highway at [[Lawngtlai]] in [[Mizoram]], India by road on [[National Highway 54 (India)]] (NH-54), which then continues further to [[Dabaka]] in [[Assam]] via {{convert|850|km|abbr=on}} long NH-54 which in turn is part of the larger [[North–South and East–West Corridor#East-West Corridor|East–West Corridor]] connecting [[North East India]] with the rest of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arakanrivers.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Kaladan-Mov.png |title=Multi-modal route map |access-date=12 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822053547/http://www.arakanrivers.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Kaladan-Mov.png |archive-date=22 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=biz1>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/india-awards-road-contract-to-complete-kaladan-project-in-myanmar/article9723297.ece India awards road contract to complete Kaladan project in Myanmar], ''Business Line'', 9 June 2017.</ref> '''Complete''' as per March 2024 update.<ref name=jooats3/><ref name=jooats1>[https://theprint.in/india/mizoram-mp-meets-myanmar-militants-in-push-to-speed-up-work-on-key-connectivity-project/1985471/ Mizoram MP meets Myanmar militants in push to speed up work on key connectivity project], The Print, 1 Mar 2024.</ref> '''Note:''' The {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} 2-lane route from Indo-Myanmar border at Zochawchhuah-Zorinpui to [[Tuipang]] is complete. From Tuipang, the national highway was further upgraded from 2-lane to all-weather 4-lane from [[National Highway 54 (India)|NH 54]] [[Lawngtlai]] to [[Aizawl]] in [[Mizoram]].<ref name=biz1/> INR6000 crore (60 billion) was approved to further improve this Zochawchhuah–Zorinpui–Aizawl national highway.<ref name=mand2/> Lomasu to [[Lawngtlai]] is a two-lane highway in each direction (total four lanes) and Lawngtlai to [[Aizawl]]–[[Guwahati]] national highway was widened to 4 lanes in each direction (total 8 lanes).<ref name=high1>[https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/myanmar-india-appoint-operator-sittwe-port-project.html India appoints post operator], ''Irrawaddy''</ref>

* '''Shillong-Silchar highway in India - {{convert|166.8|km|abbr=on}}''', from Mawlyngkhung near [[Shillong]] to Panchgram on [[National Highway 6 (India)|NH-6]] near [[Silchar]], will cut travel time between the two cities from 8.5 hours to 5 hours and act as a continuation of Kaladan multi-modal transport project offering a new Rs 22,864 crore high-speed highway between the North-East and Kolkata bypassing Bangladesh, executed by the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) and expected to be completed by 2030.<ref name=const1>[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-north-east-link-to-kolkata-will-be-via-sea-giving-bangladesh-a-miss-10011504/ New Northeast–Kolkata Sea Route Via Myanmar To Take Shape Through Shillong–Silchar Highway, Bypassing Bangladesh: Report], IE, 18 May 2025.</ref>

===Complementary railway route===
{{anchor | Rail }}

This railway route will complement the river–road route of this project in Myanmar-Mizoram:

* '''Sittwe–[[Kyauktaw]] railway in Myanmar, {{convert|90|km|abbr=on}} – exists and operational:''' This route has been operational since 2011. To integrate with other routes-network in Myanmar, it will be [[Rail transport in Myanmar#Lines under construction|further extended 311 km by 2021–22]], from Kyauktaw in north to [[Ann, Myanmar|Ann]] in south and then south-east to [[Minbu]] where it will connect to Myanmar rail network as well as {{convert|1,215|km|abbr=on}} long [[Kyaukpyu|Kyaukpyu port]]–Minbu–Kunming high-speed railway [[Kyaukpyu#Kunming-Kyaukphyu Railway|being planned by China]].<ref>[http://www.idsa.in/backgrounder/myanmar-in-chinas-push-into-the-indian-ocean_jmpaul_120316 Myanmar in China's Push into the Indian Ocean], Joshy M Paul, March 14, 2016, retrieved 20 January 2017</ref>

* '''Kyauktaw–Zorinpui in Myanmar, {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} – planned but not yet surveyed:''' India has future yet-unapproved plans to fund and construct this missing link.

* '''Zochawchhuah (Zorinpui)–[[Sairang]] railway in India, {{convert|375|km|abbr=on}} – being surveyed since Aug-2017:''' Survey for the rail line from [[Sairang]] (Aizawl) to [[Hmawngbuchhuah]] on border near Zochawchhuah–Zorinpui was completed in August 2017 and it will be constructed in future phase.<ref name=railline1>[http://www.powerupconstruction.com/indias-north-east-opensthe-gateway-to-prosperity/ India's north east opened up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193859/http://www.powerupconstruction.com/indias-north-east-opensthe-gateway-to-prosperity/ |date=27 November 2018 }}, PowerUpConstruction.Com</ref>

===Other projects – alternate route to northeast India===
Compared to the {{convert|1,880|km|abbr=on}} long, congested "Chicken's Neck" [[Siliguri Corridor]], this Kaladan project will almost half the distance to a mere {{convert|950|km|abbr=on}}. As an alternate route (unrelated to the Kaladan Multi-Modal project) to northeast India, India is also [[Borders of India#India–Bangladesh border|developing railway route]] from [[Cox's Bazar]] deep water port to [[South Tripura district]] by rehabilitating the railway link from [[Santirbazar]] in India to [[Feni District|Feni]] in Bangladesh, where a road and rail bridge is being built to connect the "[[Belonia, India]]–[[Parshuram Upazila|Parshuram, Bangladesh]] road and rail crossing checkposts", this will reduce traffic through Sittwe, but will provide strategically redundancy if there is a war with China.<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/world/as-smart-as-sittwe-going-north-east-by-south-east-6480951.html As Smart as Sittwe: Going North-East by South-East], ''First Post'', 2019.</ref>

==Travel arrangements==

===Zorinpui border crossing and visa arrangements ===

[[Borders of India#India–Myanmar border|Integrated Customs & Immigration Checkpost]] at [[Lawngtlai district#Zorinpui Integrated Check Post|Zorinpui]] in [[Lawngtlai district]], is already operational since 2017.<ref name=icp4>[https://www.google.com.sg/search?client=firefox-b&dcr=0&ei=lWJCWr3sLcrJvgS0ory4CA&q=zorinpui+lawngtlai+&oq=zorinpui+lawngtlai+&gs_l=psy-ab.3...5050.12763.0.13049.20.20.0.0.0.0.285.2665.0j13j2.15.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..5.10.1914...0j0i67k1j0i131k1j0i10k1j0i13k1.0.d3bPEkKCEM4 India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh], ''[[Times of India]]'', 1 Oct 2o17.</ref> In early 2018, visa agreement were signed for the citizens of two nations to travel by road for education, medical assistance, tourism and other purposes.<ref name=update1>[https://www.mmtimes.com/news/india-ramps-myanmar-ties-gain-foothold-asean.html India ramps up Myanmar ties to gain foothold in ASEAN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516112626/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/india-ramps-myanmar-ties-gain-foothold-asean.html |date=16 May 2018 }}, ''Myanmar Times'', May 2018.</ref><ref name=update2/> This agreement was operationalised on 9 August 2018.<ref name=mandalay1/> Indians and Myanma citizens with valid passport and visa can pass through two official Land Border Crossings at [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] in Manipur ([[Tamu, Myanmar|Tamu]] in [[Sagaing Region]] of Myanmar) and [[Zokhawthar]] in Mizoram ([[Rihkhawdar]] in [[Chin State]] of Myanmar).<ref name=mandalay1/>

===Motor Vehicle Agreement===

In 2015, India proposed a trilateral Motor Vehicle Agreement to facilitate seamless movement of passenger and cargo vehicles among the three countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Plea for Motor vehicle {{sic|agrem|ent|nolink=y}} between India and Myanmar|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/plea-for-motor-vehicle-agrement-between-india-and-myanmar/articleshow/57186840.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> In May 2017, during a visit by Thai officials to Manipur, the state's Chief Secretary Oinam Nabakishore declared that the draft of the trilateral agreement had already been prepared.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thailand Envoy Visits Manipur|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/thailand-envoy-visits-manipur/|website=Northeast Today|access-date=1 June 2017|date=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Thai delegation visits Manipur|url=http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/thai-delegation-visits-manipur/|website=www.easternmirrornagaland.com|date=27 May 2017 |access-date=1 June 2017}}</ref> As of May 2018, the signing of Motor vehicle agreement is still pending.<ref name=update2/>

==Related projects==
{{anchor | Related | Projects | Project }}
Myanmar is key part of India's [[Act East policy|"Look East" policy]] and Kaladan project has enabled several other associated projects with ongoing development of growing list of integrated linkages.

===Commerce and trade ===

====Sittwe Special Economic Zone====

Sittwe Special Economic Zone (Sittwe SEZ) at Ponnagyun town was announced by India's Union Minister of State for External Affairs [[V. K. Singh|V K Singh]] at the India-[[ASEAN]] Foreign Ministers meet at Laos in August 2016. The 1000 acre SEZ will be built {{convert|60|km|mi}} north from Sittwe upstream of [[Kaladan River]] at Ponnagyun town. China is building a rival [[Kyaukpyu Special Economic Zone]] and port {{convert|80|km|mi}} south of Sittwe.
<ref name=sez1>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-planning-to-set-up-sez-in-myanmars-sittwe/articleshow/53496839.cms "India planning to set up SEZ in Myanmar's Sittwe"], ''[[The Economic Times]]'', 2 August 2016.</ref><ref name=biz1/>

===Energy ===

====Thathay Chaung Hydropower Project====

Thathay Chaung Hydropower Project(TCHP) is an 1800 megawatt, two dam project being built and financed by India on [[Chindwin River]] in [[Rakhine State]] of Myanmar, a 1,200 megawatt dam at Thamanthi (Manthi) and 600 megawatt dam at Shwejaye. The electricity produced will be supplied to Manipur state of India.<ref name=ongc1/>

====Sittwe–Gaya gas pipeline====

There is also to a proposal to build {{convert|1,575|km|abbr=on}} long Sittwe–Aizawl–Silchar–Guwahati–Siliguri–Gaya gas pipeline to transport gas from Sittwe gas field where [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] and [[GAIL (India) Limited|GAIL]] hold 30 percent stake in oil and gas exploration.<ref name=ongc1>Alexis Rieffel, 2010, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQsErroCfzsC&dq=sittwe+port+development&pg=PA139 "Myanmar/Burma: Inside Challenges, Outside Interests"], Brookings Institution Press, pp139, {{ISBN|0815705069}}.</ref>

===Highways ===

==== Agartala–Feni–Chittagong Highway ====

Indian has decided to build an INR130 crore (US$20 million) bridge over the [[Feni River]] at the [[Tripura]]-Bangladesh border to connect the existing [[National Highway 8 (India)|NH8]] [[Agartala]]–[[Sabroom]] on Indian side to [[Chittagong]] port in Bangladesh {{convert|80|km|abbr=on}} from South Tripura. In February 2017, the project was in tendering stage.<ref name=hindub1/>

====Aizawl–Tuipang National Highway 4-laning ====

In June 2017, to ensure faster movement of goods between Sittwe and Mizoram capital of Aizawl in the North West which is close to the Barak Valley of Assam, India started an INR6,000-crore upgrade of current 2-lane {{convert|300|km|abbr=on}} Aizawl–Tuipang national highway to all-weather four-laning of international standard, the tender will be floated in September and construction contract will be awarded by December 2017 after the ongoing land acquisition is complete.<ref name=biz1/> The upgrade of 52-km long road from Tuipang to Myanmar border, from 2-lane to all-weather 4-lane highway, is also included in this {{convert|352|km|abbr=on}} long [[National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited]] (NHIDCL) project.<ref name=nhmani1>[https://thenortheasttoday.com/new-mizoram-myanmar-352-km-national-highway-all-set-to-boost-trade-and-economy-in-the-region/ New Mizoram–Myanmar 352 Km national highway all set to boost trade and economy in the region], ''The North East Today'', 21 August 2017.</ref>

====India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway====
{{main|India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway}}

The India–Myanmar–Thailand (IMT) Trilateral Highway (Friendship Highway) is a highway under construction that will connect [[Moreh, India|Moreh]], India with [[Mae Sot]], Thailand via [[Myanmar]].{{cn|date=April 2025}} The road is expected to boost trade and commerce in the [[ASEAN–India Free Trade Area]], as well as with the rest of Southeast Asia. India has also proposed extending the highway to Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160810/jsp/northeast/story_101585.jsp |title=Highway pact after car rally |website=www.telegraphindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811161544/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160810/jsp/northeast/story_101585.jsp |archive-date=2016-08-11}} </ref> The proposed approx {{convert|3,200|km|mi|abbr=on}} route from India to Vietnam is known as the '''East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC)'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Myanmar Road Project Hooks 1.8 Billion Baht From Thailand|url=http://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/burma-road-project-hooks-1-8-billion-baht-from-thailand.html|website=The Irrawaddy|access-date=12 February 2017|date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

====Paletwa–Cikha–India Highway ====

Paletwa–Cikha–India Highway Project is a INR 20 billion (US$315 million) {{convert|645|km|abbr=on}} long under construction [[Paletwa]]–[[Cikha]] road highway in [[Chin State]] of Myanmar, which will also be connected to the Indian border on two places, Paletwa to [[National Highway 502 (India)|NH502]] [[Zochachhuah]] border village<ref name=loc2/> of [[Lawngtlai district]] in south-most Mizoram (main road route of Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport project) and at [[Khenman]] (Myanmar) to [[National Highway 502A (India)|NH102B]] [[Behiang]] border village of [[Churachandpur]] district in southernmost Manipur. On 21 April 2016, [[Chin State]] Chief Minister Pu Lian Luai in Myanmar informed that the project is funded by Indian government, which will connect Paletwa in southern Chin state to Cikha (also misspelt as Chikha in Indian media) sub-town in northern Chin state. New roads will also be built to connect the Paletwa-Chikha highway to villages and towns in Chin state.<ref name=Miz1>[http://mizzima.com/news-domestic/construction-chikha-paletwa-highway-priority Construction of Chikha to Paletwa Highway a priority], ''Mizzima'', April 2016</ref>

==== Zokhawthar–Rihkhawdar–Kalemyo Highway====

India–Myanmar Zokhawthar–Rihkhawdar–Kalemyo Highway will provide second connection to the [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway]] (IMT), between [[National Highway 102B (India)|NH102B]] [[Zokhawthar]] Indian border village of [[Champhai]] district in east Mizoram to Rihkhawdar border town in Myanmar, connecting it to IMT {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} away at [[Kalemyo]],<ref name=hindub1>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/7500crore-road-network-to-boost-northeast-economy/article9559199.ece 7,500-crore road network to boost North-East economy], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 24 February 2017.</ref> where it will connect to the IMT at Kalemyo.<ref name=mandalay1/>

===Railway===

====Bairabi-Sairang-Hmawngbuchhuah railway====
{{main|Bairabi Sairang Railway}}

[[Indian Railways]] has already converted to broad gauge the current {{convert|84|km|abbr=on}} rail line from [[Katakhal]] (Assam) to [[Bairabi]] {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} inside Mizoram. Its further {{convert|51.38|km|abbr=on}} [[Bairabi Sairang Railway]] extension from Bairabi to [[Sairang]] ({{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Aizawl]]) in Mizoram is under construction with target completion date of March 2019 as per status update in March 2016. In August 2015, India railway completed a survey for a possible new route extension from Sairang to [[Hmawngbuchhuah]]<ref name=loc1>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com.sg/maps/place/Hmawngbuchhuah,+Mizoram+796891,+India/@22.1253824,92.7494556,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x30b294c8b0f96afd:0x9819f2ba01cd3684!8m2!3d22.1486636!4d92.7711359|title=Hmawngbuchhuah · Mizoram 796891, India|website=Hmawngbuchhuah · Mizoram 796891, India}}</ref> on Mizoram's southern tip on the border of Myanmar, where at nearby [[Zochachhuah]]<ref name=loc2>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com.sg/maps/place/Zochawchhuah,+Mizoram+796891,+India/@22.1308892,92.72766,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m8!1m2!2m1!1sZochachhuah,+Mizoram!3m4!1s0x30b294a35a3bdd51:0x494754a5f97f6a23!8m2!3d22.1308147!4d92.7626806|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps}}</ref> village the [[National Highway 502 (India)|National Highway 502]] (part of ''Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project'') enters Myanmar, leaving a possibility open for yet-unplanned future rail connections to Paletwa.<ref name=IE2>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-new-northeast-expresses/|title=Massive push to railway infrastructure under way in Northeast|date=22 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=IE1>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sanctioned-in-2000-broad-gauge-train-reaches-mizoram-after-16-years/|title=Sanctioned in 2000, broad-gauge train reaches Mizoram after 16 years|date=21 March 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
; Nearby major port projects
* [[Sabang, Indonesia|Sabang strategic port development]], India-Indonesia project
* [[Dawei Port Project]] in Myanmar

; International-regional projects
* [[Bharatmala#IntEcoCordList|India's International connectivity projects]]
* [[Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region#Northeast India connectivity projects|India's Northeast Connectivity projects]]
* [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation#BIMSTEC Priority Sectors|BIMSTEC projects]]
* [[Mekong-Ganga Cooperation]]
* [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway]]
* [[Asian Highway Network]]
* [[India–Myanmar barrier]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.academia.edu/3772710/One_cannot_step_into_the_same_river_twice_making_the_Kaladan_Project_people-centred Detailed report on Kaladan Project: Project Description with Analysis of Positive and Negative Impact]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111205140603/http://mdoner.gov.in/writereaddata/sublink2images/KaladanMultiModal2172726384.htm MDoner]

{{Mizoram}}
{{Hydrography of Mizoram}}
{{Rakhine State|state=collapsed}}
{{Myanmar topics}}

{{coord missing|Mizoram}}

[[Category:Proposed transport infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:Proposed transport infrastructure in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Rakhine State]]
[[Category:Sittwe]]
[[Category:Transport in Mizoram]]

Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)

2026-03-07T01:12:54Z

TeenaDease50:

{{Short description|Indian government ministry}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a =
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of School Education, [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name = '''मंत्रालय शालेय शिक्षण विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Dadaji Bhuse]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''[[Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar|Pankaj Bhoyar]]'''
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = {{URL|https://education.maharashtra.gov.in/}}
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = '''Vandana Krishn (IAS)'''
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of School Education''' is a ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]]. It is responsible for designing and implementing education related policies in the state [[Maharashtra]].

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] minister, '''[[Dadaji Bhuse]]'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-08-14 |title=Maha: Fadnavis bags key ministries as Shinde allocates portfolios |url=https://www.siasat.com/maha-fadnavis-bags-key-ministries-as-shinde-allocates-portfolios-2390186/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of School Education}} '''मंत्री शालेय शिक्षण विभाग'''
|image=
| incumbent = [[Dadaji Bhuse]]
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural =
*'''[[Shantilal Shah]]'''
(1960-1962)
| precursor =
* '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]'''
(2024- 2024)
| deputy =
*'''[[Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar|Pankaj Bhoyar]]'''
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of School Education
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shantilal Shah]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shantilal Shah]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver Constituency No. 11]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Homi J. H. Taleyarkhan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 22 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Nirmala Raje Bhosale''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Satara Constituency No. 268]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''M. B. Popat''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Dhobitalao Constituency No. 160]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Rafique Zakaria]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 16 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Prabha Rau.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Prabha Rau]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pulgaon Assembly constituency|Pulgaon Constituency No. 41]]- [[Wardha District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City Constituency No. 13]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Sadanand Varde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vandre Assembly constituency|Vandre Constituency No. 188]]- [[Mumbai City District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|19 November}} 1979
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1979|11|19}}
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}"|
|
|'''Arjunrao Kasture''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Buldana Constituency No. 23]]- [[Buldana District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|19 November}} 1979
|{{small|18 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1979|11|19|1980|02|18}}
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chopda Assembly constituency|Chopda Constituency No. 10]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhakarrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central Constituency No. 249]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Ram Meghe''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur Constituency No. 40]]- [[Amravati district|Amravati District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|rowspan="1"|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Ram Meghe''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur Constituency No. 40]]- [[Amravati district|Amravati District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Kamalkishor Kadam]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Nanded Constituency No. 66]]- [[Nanded District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Anantrao Thopate''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhor Assembly constituency|Bhor Constituency No. 203]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Salim Zakaria''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vandre Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|18 November}} 1994
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1994|11|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhir Joshi (politician)|Sudhir Joshi]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 21 - [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Prakash Mehta in Mumbai.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Prakash Mehta]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ghatkopar East Assembly constituency|Ghatkopar East Constituency No. 170]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Shobhatai Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Saoli Assembly constituency|Saoli Constituency No. 82]]- [[Chandrapur district]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|1999|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Ramkrishna More]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Khed Constituency No. 219]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|27|2003|01|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]]
| '''[[Ashok Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Mudkhed Assembly constituency|Mudkhed Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Vasant Purke]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ralegaon Assembly constituency|Ralegaon Constituency No. 77]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shirdi Assembly constituency|Shirdi Constituency No. 218]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Balasaheb Thorat]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangamner Assembly constituency|Sangamner Constituency No. 217]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:rajendra_darda_wiki_profile.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Rajendra Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Aurangabad East Assembly constituency|Aurangabad East Constituency No. 109]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Vinod Tawde in 2015.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Vinod Tawde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Borivali Assembly constituency|Borivali Constituency No. 152]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2019|06|16}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Photo with Shri Devendra Fadnavis & Shri Ashish Shelar (cropped).jpg|78px]]
|'''[[Ashish Shelar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vandre West Assembly constituency|Vandre West Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|16 June}} 2019
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|16|2019|11|12}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Thorat]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangamner Assembly constituency|Sangamner Constituency No. 217]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:The Minister of State for Women and Child Development, Maharashtra, Prof. Varsha Gaikwad calls on the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Women and Child Development, Smt. Krishna Tirath, in New Delhi.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Varsha Gaikwad]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Dharavi Assembly constituency|Dharavi Constituency No. 178]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|
|'''[[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sawantwadi Assembly constituency|Sawantwadi Constituency No. 270]]- [[Sindhudurg District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|07|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Dadaji Bhuse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Malegaon Outer Constituency No. 81]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Shiv Sena]] (Shinde Group)
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of School Education
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Omprakash Babarao Kadu]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur Constituency No. 42]]- [[Amravati District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|27}}
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]] Supported Party [[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
| rowspan="2"|[[Varsha Gaikwad]]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Aditi Sunil Tatkare]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan Constituency No. 193]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} ''Additional_Charge''
|{{small|27 June}} 2022
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|27|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26
}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2022)
*[[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]]
 (2022 – 2024)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Wardha Assembly constituency|Wardha Constituency No. 47]]- [[Wardha District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|[[Dadaji Bhuse]] (2024 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|}

==Departments==
Various departs come under ministry of education.
*Maharashtra Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research (MBTPCR)<ref>{{Cite web|author=Swati Shinde|date=Nov 8, 2016|title=Balbharati reduced to printing bureau {{!}} Pune News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/balbharati-reduced-to-printing-bureau/articleshow/55300425.cms|access-date=2021-06-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education]]
*Minority and adult education
*Maharashtra State Council of Education Research and Training (MSCERT)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra State Council of Educational Research and Training|url=http://www.mscepune.in/mscert/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=www.mscepune.in}}</ref>
#Institute of Vocational Guidance
#State Science Institute, Nagpur
#State Education Technology Cell
#State Institute of English Study
#District Institute of Education & Training (DIET)
*Maharashtra State Council of Examinations (MSCE)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra State Council of Examination|url=https://mscepune.in/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=mscepune.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://education.maharashtra.gov.in/}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Education in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Subnational education ministries|Maharashtra]]

Sameera (film)

2026-03-03T23:52:28Z

TeenaDease50: typo fix

{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sameera
| image =
| caption = DVD Cover
| director = [[Vinay Shukla]]
| producer = [[K. K. Mahajan]] Pran Mehra
| starring = [[Parikshat Sahni]] [[Amol Palekar]] [[Shabana Azmi]] [[Mithun Chakraborty]]
| music = [[Jaidev]]
| cinematography = [[K. K. Mahajan]]
| released = {{Film date|1981|01|02|df=yes}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = 
}}

'''''Sameera''''' is a 1981 Indian Hindi-language film directed by [[Vinay Shukla]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 2010 |title='Mirch' a celebration of womanhood: Director (Interview) |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/817729670 |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The Hindustan Times |id={{ProQuest|817729670}} }}</ref> It stars [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Shabana Azmi]] and [[Parikshat Sahni]].

==Cast==
* [[Mithun Chakraborty]]
* [[Shabana Azmi]]
* [[Parikshit Sahni]]

==Songs==
The songs are composed by [[Jaidev]], released under the name "Wohi Baat", the previous title of the film.
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Zehar Deta Hai" (Male)
| [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
|-
| "Zehar Deta Hai" (Female)
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Zindagi Hum Tere Haal Par"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Jaane Na Doongi"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0364642|Sameera}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Roshan]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Rahu Ketu (1978 film)

2026-03-03T23:25:39Z

TeenaDease50: made a details first draft

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language film}}
{{distinguish|Rahu Ketu (2026 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rahu Ketu
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[B. R. Ishara]]
| producer = B. D. Pandey
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Shashi Kapoor]] [[Rekha]] [[Prem Nath|Premnath]] [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] [[Aruna Irani]]
| music = [[Kalyanji-Anandji]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1978}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Rahu Ketu''''' is a 1978 [[Bollywood]] [[action film]] directed by [[B. R. Ishara]]. It stars [[Prem Nath|Premnath]] and [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] in title roles, with [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Rekha]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]], and [[Aruna Irani]] in pivotal roles. The music was composed by [[Kalyanji-Anandji]].

==Cast==
*[[Shashi Kapoor]] as CBI Officer Ravi Kapoor
*[[Rekha]] as Tulsi
*[[Prem Nath|Premnath]] as Collector Nath / Rahu
*[[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Karim / Ketu
*[[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] as Sheela
*[[Aruna Irani]] as Rani
*[[Kamini Kaushal]] as Chandramukhi
*[[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]] as Radhe Shyam
*[[Jayshree T.]] as Dancer / Singer
*[[Leena Das]] as Dancer / Singer
*[[Alka (actress)|Alka]] as Rita
*[[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]] as Ram Prasad
*[[Jagdish Raj]] as Inspector Thakur
*[[Raj Mehra]] as Ravi's Boss
*[[Ram Mohan]] as Ranjeet
*[[Shivraj]] as Mohandas

==Songs==
Lyrics: [[Verma Malik]]

{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Yeh Surahi Kare"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Mujhe Chhuna Na"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Thehri Tujhpe Meri Nazar"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Main Hoon Tera Prem Aur Tum Ho Mere Pran"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Manna Dey]]
|-
|}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0230680|title=Rahu Ketu}}

[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:1978 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kalyanji Anandji]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. R. Ishara]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{1970s-action-film-stub}}

IRNSS-1C

2026-03-03T20:23:52Z

TeenaDease50: fix

{{Short description|Indian navigation satellite}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox spaceflight|auto=all
| name = PSLV-C26/IRNSS-1C
| image =
| image_caption =
| mission_type = [[Satellite navigation|Navigation]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 2014-061A
| SATCAT = 40269
| mission_duration = Planned: 10 years Elapsed: {{time interval|15 October 2014|show=ymd|sep=,}}<ref name="isrobrochure">{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.org/pslv-c26/pdf/pslv-c26-brochure.pdf | title=PSLV-C26/IRNSS-1C | access-date=16 October 2014 | archive-date=21 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021022807/http://www.isro.org/pslv-c26/pdf/pslv-c26-brochure.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>


| spacecraft = IRNSS-1D
| spacecraft_bus = [[I-1K]]
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre|ISRO Satellite Centre]] [[Space Applications Centre]]
| dry_mass = {{convert|598|kg|lb}}
| launch_mass = {{convert|1424.5|kg|lb}}<ref name="isrobrochure"/>
| power = 1,660 W<ref name="isrobrochure"/>


| launch_date = {{start-date|15 October 2014, 20:02 UTC|timezone=yes}}
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV-XL]] C26
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|FLP]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| last_contact =
| decay_date =
| orbit_epoch = 23 January 2015, 21:16:09 UTC<ref name="n2yo">{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=40269|title=IRNSS 1C Satellite details 2014-061A NORAD 40269|publisher=N2YO|date=23 January 2015|access-date=25 January 2015}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35697|km|mi}}<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35889|km|mi}}<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_inclination = 4.78 degrees<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_period = 1436.12 minutes<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_longitude = 83° East<ref name="isrobrochure"/>
| apsis = gee


| programme = [[NavIC]]
| previous_mission = [[IRNSS-1B]]
| next_mission = [[IRNSS-1D]]


| insignia = 
| insignia_caption = 
| insignia_alt = 
| insignia_size = 
}}
'''IRNSS-1C''' is the third out of seven in the [[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System]] (IRNSS) series of satellites after [[IRNSS-1A]] and [[IRNSS-1B]]. The IRNSS constellation of satellites is slated to be launched to provide navigational services to the region. It was launched on 15 October 2014 at 20:02 UTC by PSLV-C26 and will be placed in [[geostationary orbit]].<ref name="isrobrochure"/><ref name="skyrocket">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irnss.htm|title=IRNSS |publisher=space.skyrocket.de |access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/indias-pslvc26-rocket-launches-third-navigation-satellite-irnss1c/article6504091.ece | title=India launches third navigation satellite | newspaper=The Hindu | date=16 October 2014 | access-date=16 October 2014| last1=Ravikiran | first1=G. }}</ref>

== Satellite ==
The satellite will help augmenting the satellite based navigation system of India which is currently under development. The navigational system so developed will be a regional one targeted towards South Asia. The satellite will provide navigation, tracking and mapping services.<ref name="irnss1b_itv">{{cite news | url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/isro-after-gslv-launch-pslv-c-with-irnss-b-likely-in-march--32118.html | title=ISRO: After GSLV launch, PSLV C24 with IRNSS-1B likely in March | work=India | date=5 January 2014 | access-date=6 January 2014 | archive-date=6 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106193940/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/isro-after-gslv-launch-pslv-c-with-irnss-b-likely-in-march--32118.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

IRNSS-1C satellite will have two payloads: a navigation payload and CDMA ranging payload in addition with a laser retro-reflector. The payload generates navigation signals at [[L band|L5]] and [[S-band]]. The design of the payload makes the IRNSS system inter-operable and compatible with [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) and [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] systems.<ref name="skyrocket"/> The satellite is powered by two solar arrays, which generate up to 1,660 watts, and has a life-time of ten years.

IRNSS-1C was launched successfully on 16 October 2014 at 1:32 am IST from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/indias-pslvc26-rocket-launches-third-navigation-satellite-irnss1c/article6504091.ece|title = India launches third navigation satellite|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 16 October 2014|last1 = Ravikiran|first1 = G.}}</ref> An update from ISRO's official Facebook page on 18 October 2014 states that

Navigation Satellite IRNSS 1C Update:

The second orbit raising operation of IRNSS-1C is successfully completed by firing the Apogee Motor for 1,563 seconds.
The current orbital parameters are:

{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| width = 200
| header = Animation of IRNSS
| image1 = Animation of IRNSS orbit around Earth.gif
| caption1 = Around the Earth
| image2 = Animation of IRNSS orbit around Earth - Polar view.gif
| caption2 = Around the Earth - Polar view
| image3 = Animation of IRNSS orbit - Earth fixed - front view.gif
| caption3 = [[ECEF|Earth fixed frame]] - Equatorial view, front
| image4 = Animation of IRNSS orbit - Earth fixed - side view.gif
| caption4 = [[ECEF|Earth fixed frame]] - Equatorial view, side
| image5 = Animation of IRNSS orbit - Earth fixed - polar view.gif
| caption5 = [[ECEF|Earth fixed frame]] - Polar view
| footer = {{legend2| RoyalBlue | Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2| magenta |[[IRNSS-1B]] }}{{·}}{{legend2| lime |IRNSS-1C }}{{·}}{{legend2| Cyan |[[IRNSS-1E]] }}{{·}}{{legend2|Gold|[[IRNSS-1F]] }}{{·}}{{legend2| OrangeRed|[[IRNSS-1G]] }}{{·}}{{legend2| Red|[[IRNSS-1I]]}}
}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite (CCI-Sat)]]
* [[GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation|GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation (GAGAN)]]
* [[Satellite navigation]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.isro.org/scripts/futureprogramme.aspx ISRO Future Programmes]

{{IRNSS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2014}}

[[Category:2014 in India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2014]]
[[Category:IRNSS satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets]]

Songs of Paradise

2026-03-02T05:25:53Z

TeenaDease50: stub...

{{Short description|Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Songs of Paradise Poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Danish Renzu]]
| producer = [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] [[Farhan Akhtar]] [[Shafat Qazi]] Danish Renzu
| writer = [[Danish Renzu]]
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Saba Azad]]|[[Soni Razdan]]|[[Zain Khan Durrani]]|[[Taaruk Raina]]|[[Lillete Dubey]]|[[Sheeba Chaddha]]|[[Shishir Sharma]]|[[Lalit Parimoo]]}}
| editing = Hemanti Sarkar
| cinematography = Vincenzo Condorelli
| music = [[Peter Gregson (cellist)|Peter Gregson]]
| studio = [[Excel Entertainment]] Apple Tree Pictures Renzu Films
| distributor = [[Amazon MGM Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|08|29|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| runtime = 106 minutes
}}
'''''Songs of Paradise''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[Musical film|musical drama]] film directed by [[Danish Renzu]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Saba Azad wraps up shoot of Song of Paradise |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2022/oct/05/saba-azad-wraps-up-shoot-of-song-of-paradise-35334.html |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=5 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hrithik Roshan's girlfriend, Saba Azad to be seen as the main lead in Danish Renzu's Songs of Paradise |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/india/hrithik-roshans-girlfriend-saba-azad-to-be-seen-as-the-main-lead-in-danish-renzus-songs-of-paradise |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=firstindia.co.in |language=en}}</ref> The film is produced by [[Ritesh Sidhwani]], [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Shafat Qazi]] and Danish Renzu, with a screenplay by Danish Renzu, Sunayana Kachroo and dialogues by [[Niranjan Iyengar]].<ref name=":1" /> The lead role is played by [[Saba Azad]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title='Rocket Boys 2' To 'Songs Of Paradise', Saba Azad Wraps Up Three Projects In A Row |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/rocket-boys-2-to-songs-of-paradise-saba-azad-wraps-up-three-projects-in-a-row-1570589 |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2022 |title=Hrithik Roshan's girlfriend Saba Azad to play lead role in Danish Renzu's Songs Of Paradise; deets inside |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/hrithik-roshans-girlfriend-saba-azad-to-play-lead-role-in-danish-renzus-songs-of-paradise-deets-inside-1192103 |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Ratan |date=26 September 2022 |title=Danish Renzu's Songs Of Paradise will include Saba Azad, Hrithik Roshan's girlfriend, in the title role |url=https://bollywoodsociety.com/gossip/danish-renzus-songs-of-paradise-will-include-saba-azad-hrithik-roshans-girlfriend-in-the-title-role/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=Bollywood News {{!}} Movie Reviews |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Soni Razdan]] and [[Zain Khan Durrani]]. The film also stars [[Taaruk Raina]], [[Lillete Dubey]], [[Sheeba Chaddha]], [[Shishir Sharma]], and [[Lalit Parimoo]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=25 September 2022 |title=Saba Azad to play Raj Begum in Danish Renzu's Songs Of Paradise - Exclusive |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/saba-azad-to-play-raj-begum-in-danish-renzus-songs-of-paradise-exclusive/articleshow/94440093.cms |access-date=4 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> This story follows the journey of a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] woman who dreams of becoming a singer, inspired by the music of [[Raj Begum]]. Raj Begum, known as the Melody Queen of Kashmir, was a [[Padma Shri]] awardee and a recipient of the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]].<ref name=":1" /> In a recent announcement on Variety, [[Excel Entertainment]] came on board as producers for the film. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=30 January 2024 |title=Excel Entertainment Boards Kashmir-Set Music and Woman Empowerment Tale 'Songs of Paradise' |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/farhan-akhtar-excel-kashmir-songs-of-paradise-1235891477/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> It premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 29 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2025 |title=Songs Of Paradise Trailer: Saba Azad And Soni Razdan's Musical Revolution|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/songs-of-paradise-trailer-saba-azad-and-soni-razdans-musical-revolution-9155636|access-date=28 August 2025 |website=NDTV|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Premise ==
The movie narrates the tale of the Kashmiri artists, their struggles, and eventual success, regardless of the challenges. The plot is set in [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]] and showcases the area's music, culture, and history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saba Azad shares a heartfelt post, as she wraps up her upcoming film 'Songs of Paradise' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/saba-azad-shares-a-heartfelt-post-as-she-wraps-up-her-upcoming-film-songs-of-paradise-2518210.html |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2022 |title=Songs Of Paradise: सबा आजाद ने दिखाई अपनी अपकमिंग फिल्म की झलक, दानिश रेंजू हुए एक्ट्रेस के मुरीद |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-hrithik-roshan-girlfriend-saba-azad-shares-first-look-of-songs-of-paradise-pr-4695189.html |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Saba Azad]] as young Zeba Akhtar/Noor Begum
* [[Soni Razdan]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Saba Azad says the attention associated her personal life 'bothers' her |url=https://www.masala.com/bollywood-news/saba-azad-personal-life}}</ref> as older Noor Begum
* [[Zain Khan Durrani]] as Azaad Maqbool Shah, Noor's husband
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]] as Hameeda
* [[Lillete Dubey]] as Khala
* [[Taaruk Raina]] as Rumi
* [[Shishir Sharma]] as Master Ji
* [[Lalit Parimoo]] as Bhan
* Armaan Khera as Kaul
* Bashir Lone as Abba
* [[Mir Sarwar]] as Bashir
* Faizaan Bhat
* Mateena Rajput
* [[Chittaranjan Tripathy]] as Tiboo
* Junaid Magray
* Rehmat Rattan
* Ahmad Ibn Umar
* Bismah Meer

== Production ==
Saba Azad was cast to play the part of a Kashmiri up-and-coming vocalist in the film, who draws inspiration from a Kashmiri vocalist [[Raj Begum]]. The filmmaker disclosed that he enlisted [[Saba Azad]] for the main role as the actress is also a musician and originates from Kashmir.<ref name=":1" />

The shooting of the movie took place in various regions of Kashmir and completed on 22 October 2022.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Bohni |date=6 October 2022 |title=Saba Azad Teases Her First Look from Songs of Paradise, Calls it a 'Special Film' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/saba-azad-teases-her-first-look-from-songs-of-paradise-calls-it-a-special-film-6109009.html |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

Saba shared a glimpse of her on-screen look in the film on her Instagram, where she can be seen standing in front of a microphone, dressed in traditional attire with a backdrop of musicians playing musical instruments like Sarangi and Santoor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Bohni |date=6 October 2022 |title=Saba Azad Teases Her First Look from Songs of Paradise, Calls it a 'Special Film' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/saba-azad-teases-her-first-look-from-songs-of-paradise-calls-it-a-special-film-6109009.html |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Songs of Paradise'' was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 29 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Songs of Paradise OTT release date announced: When and where to watch Soni Razdan, Saba Azad's musical drama |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/songs-of-paradise-ott-release-date-announced-when-and-where-to-watch-soni-razdan-saba-azads-musical-drama/articleshow/123426575.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=21 August 2025 |access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref>
==Reception==
Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and stated that "‘Songs of Paradise’ is a poetic film that moves you with its sheer simplicity. Set against the backdrop of Kashmir in the 50s and 60s, it tells its story with honesty and grace."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Abhishek|last=Srivastava|title=Songs of Paradise Movie Review: Saba Azad breathes life into Kashmir’s forgotten melody|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/songs-of-paradise/ottmoviereview/123569487.cms|work=The Times of India |date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and said that "Overall, Songs of Paradise may not rewrite the rules of biographical cinema, but it hums a tune sweet enough to linger."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Rishabh|last=Suri|title=Songs of Paradise movie review: Saba Azad stars in this tribute to melody queen of Kashmir, that plays it too safe|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/songs-of-paradise-movie-review-saba-azad-stars-in-this-tribute-to-melody-queen-of-kashmir-that-plays-it-too-safe-101756452355759.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' observed that "Danish Renzu films on Padma Shri Raj Begum, Kashmir’s first female playback singer, presents music without quite exploring it."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Rahul|last=Desai|title=‘Songs of Paradise’ Movie Review: A Biopic Lost Between The Lines|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/songs-of-paradise-movie-review-saba-azad-starrer-biopic-lost-between-the-lines|work=The Hollywood Reporter India|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

[[Deepa Gahlot]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' awarded 3 stars out of 5 and observed that "Songs Of Paradise is the story of a female achiever that needed to be told, just as her songs of love and longing deserve to be rediscovered and shared with music aficionados."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Deepa|last=Gahlot|title=Songs of Paradise Review: A Singer's Story
|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/songs-of-paradise-review/20250829.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
[[Shubhra Gupta]] rated it 2/5 stars and said that "Saba Azad’s Noor Begum comes across as a young woman of the 50s, not an actor trying to do period, the costuming and the body-language feeling as if it could well have belonged to that era."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Shubhra|last=Gupta|title=Songs of Paradise movie review: Saba Azad shows pleasing strength and vulnerability|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/songs-of-paradise-movie-review-saba-azad-shows-pleasing-strength-and-vulnerability-10218523/|work=The Indian Express|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' writes her review that "Except for a flare-up or two, the 106-minute movie is an understated affair, finding its own voice in the gorgeous songs that linger all the way to the closing credits. Renzu replaces outrage, an emotion inevitably associated with works on Kashmir, with restrained remembrance for a rare moment of triumph."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|title=‘Songs of Paradise’ review: A demure personal revolution with gorgeous music|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1085974/songs-of-paradise-review-a-demure-personal-revolution-with-gorgeous-music|work=Scroll.in|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

Aishwarya Vasudevan of ''[[OTT Play]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "Songs of Paradise celebrates Noor Begum’s rise from silence to Kashmiri music icon, with strong performances and scenic charm, though the narrative softens her struggles, leaving a muted impact."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Aishwarya|last=Vasudevan|title=Songs of Paradise review: Saba Azad carries a melodious story that should have soared|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/songs-of-paradise-review-saba-azad-carries-melodious-story-that-should-have-soared/43ee2386ec447|work=OTT Play|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Shreyanka Mazumdar of ''[[News 18]]'' gave it 3 stars out of 5 and commented that "Songs of Paradise honours Raj Begum through Zeeba Akhtar’s journey in Kashmir, with Saba Azad and Soni Razdan bringing their A game."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Shreyanka|last=Mazumdar|title=Songs Of Paradise Review: Saba Azad Shines, Soni Razdan Brings Gravitas To A Musical That Misses Its Depth|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/songs-of-paradise-review-saba-azad-shines-soni-razdan-brings-gravitas-to-a-musical-that-misses-its-depth-ws-l-9534134.html|work=News 18|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' also gave it 3 stars out of 5 and stated that "Songs of Paradise feels like the right attempt to deflate all the noise and let music do the talking. How far the story of Raj Begum will travel is a question for tomorrow, at least someone attempted to tell it today."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Vinmara|last=Mathur|title='Songs Of Paradise' movie review: Soni Razdan and Saba Azad's telling of the Melody Queen of Kashmir is imperfect but important|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/songs-of-paradise-movie-review-soni-razdan-and-saba-azads-telling-of-the-melody-queen-of-kashmir-is-imperfect-but-important-13928555.html|work=Firstpost|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

Kusumika Das of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "Songs of Paradise is not a loud film. It doesn’t try to shock or over-dramatise. It moves at its own gentle pace, asking you to pause and listen. While it leaves you wishing for more detail in certain parts, the sincerity of the performances and the music make it a film worth watching."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Kusumika|last=Das|title=Songs Of Paradise Movie Review: Soni Razdan, Saba Azad Starrer Is A Tender Ode To Kashmir’s First Female Playback Singer|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/songs-of-paradise-movie-review-soni-razdan-saba-azad-starrer-is-a-tender-ode-to-kashmirs-first-female-playback-singer-review-152541071|work=Times Now|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Troy Ribeiro of ''[[Free Press Journal]]'' gave it 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that "This film is not a glossy spectacle, nor does it pretend to be. It is a tender portrait of a woman who dared to sing when silence was safer. Its strength lies in the performances and the haunting music that carries Noor Begum’s journey. Its weaknesses, occasional narrative flatness and missed cinematic opportunities, are noticeable but forgivable."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Troy|last=Ribeiro|title=Songs Of Paradise Review: Saba Azad, Soni Razdan's Film Is A Slow-Burn Tribute To Kashmir’s Unsung Melody Queen|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/songs-of-paradise-review-saba-azad-soni-razdans-film-is-a-slow-burn-tribute-to-kashmirs-unsung-melody-queen|work=Free Press Journal|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Prachi Arya of ''[[India Today]]'' gave it 3 stars out 5 and said that "'Songs of Paradise', beautifully blends Kashmir's breathtaking landscapes with its rich musical heritage, tracing the inspiring journey of Noor Begum, a woman who defied patriarchy through her voice. Anchored by powerful performances and soulful music, the film is a poignant ode to resilience and art."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Prachi|last=Arya|title=Songs of Paradise review: Saba delivers, Soni Razdan adds soul to Kashmiri saga|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/songs-of-paradise-review-saba-azad-soni-razdan-bring-noor-begum-alive-2778557-2025-08-29|work=India Today|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

''Songs of Paradise'' received attention for its portrayal of Kashmiri history and culture. Gafira Qadir of ''[[Middle East Eye]]'' described the film as "Bollywood's latest attempt to depoliticise the Kashmir Valley" through "banal art," highlighting how the film simplifies the complex historical and political context of the region.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/songs-of-paradise-review-bollywood-latest-attempt-depoliticise-kashmir |title=Songs of Paradise review: Bollywood's latest attempt to depoliticise Kashmir |author=Gafira Qadir |date=September 16, 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |access-date=September 16, 2025}}</ref>

A review in ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'' pointed out that while ''Songs of Paradise'' evokes musical nostalgia and period detail, it falls short in several respects. The critic noted its “glaring omissions,” especially in not engaging with the socio-political complexities of Kashmir’s history, and described the dialogue as wavered between caricatured Urdu and lack of authentic Kashmiri speech.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/film/songs-of-paradise-a-nostalgic-melody-that-is-a-missed-opportunity |title=’Songs of Paradise’: A Nostalgic Melody that Is a Missed Opportunity |author=Mohammad Irfan Dar |date=September 19, 2025 |website=The Wire |access-date=September 19, 2025}}</ref>

As a counter to propaganda articles by Wire India and Middle East Eye, Nargis Natarajan ''[[The Citizen]]'' stated that "'If you want to see a side of Kashmir that isn‘t buried under the ‘Files’ of a jaundiced perception; if you want to focus on its rich, poetic culture and not on its conflict scarred image; if you want to stay away from the echoes of violence in a war ridden, geopolitically complex State; and if you want to happily hum the sweet tunes of resonance and resolve, or listen to the musical whispers drifting in the willow trees and in the flowing rivers of the Valley, then watch ‘The Songs Of Paradise."<ref>{{Cite news |first= Nargis|last=Natarajan|title= Songs of Paradise - A sensitive film on freedom and equality| url=https://www.thecitizen.in/in-depth/songs-of-paradise-1187787/|work=The Citizen|date=17 September 2025 |access-date=17 Sep 2025}}</ref>

Hardier Gupta of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and stated that "‘Some films don't scream to be heard; they hum gently, hoping you'll lean in closer. Danish Renzu's Songs of Paradise is one of those films."<ref>{{Cite news |first= Hardier|last=Gupta|title=Songs Of Paradise Review: Saba Azad And Soni Razdan's Performances Lend The Kashmir-Set Film Its Charm|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/songs-of-paradise-review-saba-azad-and-soni-razdans-performances-lend-the-kashmir-set-film-its-charm-9180809|work=NDTV |date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Nonika Singh of ''[[Tribune India]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and stated that "'Call it by any name — a cinematic tribute, a cultural chronicle of Kashmir or a musical biopic — the film talks to you simply and beautifully in the artistic language of aesthetics. At no stage does it shout from the pulpit to reinforce what it sets out to convey, or drum in the achievements of the legendary but forgotten singer."<ref>{{Cite news |first= Nonika|last=Singh|title=Songs of Paradise: Lilting tribute to a forgotten singer|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/movie-review/songs-of-paradise-lilting-tribute-to-a-forgotten-singer/|work=Tribune India |date=29 August 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>
Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' observed that "A musical drama loosely inspired by the life of Padma Shri Raj Begum, Songs of Paradise puts into focus the rich poetic culture of Kashmir that often gets buried under the “Files” of jaundiced perceptions. It is the side of Kashmir that we have hardly seen in Bollywood."<ref>{{Cite news |first=Anuj|last=Kumar|title=<nowiki>‘‘Songs of Paradise’ movie review: A paean to the Voice of the Valley</nowiki>|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/songs-of-paradise-movie-review-saba-azad-raj-begum-nightingale-of-kashmir-voice-of-the-valley-prime-video/article69992333.ece|work=The Hindu|date=29 August 2025 |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

Rashmi Vasudeva of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and stated that "'Kashmir, in this tale of quiet rebellion, serves as a beautiful backdrop at best, and its seething conflicts, growing discontent, and religious clashes barely get a mention."<ref>{{Cite news |first= Rashmi|last=Vasudeva|title='Songs of Paradise' movie review: Predictable storyline gets a musical lift| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/songs-of-paradise-movie-review-predictable-storyline-gets-a-musical-lift-3703465/|work=Deccan herald |date=30 August 2025 |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

Based on ''[[Rediff]]'' reviews and year-ender lists, Songs of Paradise is recognized as a standout OTT film of 2025. The film is featured on [[Rediff]] in several categories regarding 2025's best content including Best Film OTT, Best Actor and Best Actress.
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gohlat |first=Deepa|title='OTT Films: 2025's Top 10 Female Performances' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/ott-films-2025s-top-10-female-performances/20251229.htm/|work=Rediff|date=29 Dec 2025|access-date=29 Dec 2025}} </ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gohlat |first=Deepa|title='2025's Top 10 OTT Films' |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/report/2025s-top-10-ott-films/20251222.htm/|work=Rediff|date=29 Dec 2025|access-date=29 Dec 2025}} </ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gohlat |first=Deepa|title='OTT Films: 2025's Top 10 Male Performances' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/ott-films-2025s-top-10-male-performances/20251230.htm/|work=Rediff|date=29 Dec 2025|access-date=29 Dec 2025}} </ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=6540996}}

[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Kashmiri-language films]]
[[Category:Amazon MGM Studios films]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Excel Entertainment films]]

Ujjain Junction railway station

2026-02-23T19:53:17Z

TeenaDease50: stub

{{short description|Railway station in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Ujjain Junction
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Ujjain statioin.jpg
| image_caption = Ujjain Junction railway station
| address = Station Road, [[Ujjain]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.1796|N|75.7819|E|region:IN-MP|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| line = [[Nagda–Ujjain section]] [[Ujjain-Bhopal section]] [[Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj-Ujjain section]] [[Indore-Dewas-Ujjain section]]
| other = Taxi stand, Auto stand
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 8
| elevation = {{convert|492|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| levels =
| tracks = 15
| parking = Available
| bicycle = Available
| opened = {{Start date and age|1876}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = UJN
| zone = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Ratlam}}
}}
| former = Scindia–Neemuch Railway [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]]
| status = Active
| passengers = 75000 daily
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
| route_map = {{Indore–Ratlam–Durg line|inline=1}}
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=12|type=point|marker=rail}}
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system1=Indian Railways
|line1=Western Railway zone|left1=Ujjain Junction|right1=Pingleshwar|type1= [[Ujjain-Bhopal section]]
|line2=Western Railway zone|left2=Vikramnagar|right2=Ujjain Junction|type2=[[Indore-Dewas-Ujjain section]]
|line3=Western Railway zone|left3=Chintaman Ganesh|right3=Ujjain Junction|type3=[[Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj-Ujjain section]]
|line4=Western Railway zone|left4=Naikheri|right4=Ujjain Junction|type4=[[Nagda-Ujjain section]]

}}
}}
'''Ujjain Junction railway station''' is the main railway station of [[Ujjain]] city in the western part of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Its code is '''UJN'''. Ujjain Junction falls under the administrative control of [[Western Railway Zone]] of [[Indian Railways]]. Ujjain Junction is '''A''' – category railway station of [[Western Railway Zone]]. It consists of 8 railway platforms.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=UJN| title=Ujjain Junction (UJN):Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018, Division: Ratlam| website=Raildrishti| access-date=1 November 2020| archive-date=16 April 2025| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416230157/https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=UJN| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/ratlam/news/mp-news-now-26-no-to-inspect-the-ujjain-bhopal-section-on-february-23-general-manager-044229-3908517.html|title=अब 26 नहीं 23 फरवरी को उज्जैन-भोपाल सेक्शन का निरीक्षण करेंगे परे महाप्रबंधक|website=Bhaskar}}</ref>

== History ==

The Indore–Ujjain branch line was opened in August 1876 and the line was completed in 1879–80. It was part of the Scindia Railway. Ratlam–Ujjain line was completed and opened for traffic in the year 1896.

The surveys of [[Indore]]–[[Neemuch]] line via Ujjain started long back in 1871–72 when the plan and estimates for the whole project was submitted to the [[British Raj|Government of India]] in 1872–73.

Maharaja [[Jayajirao Scindia]] of [[Gwalior]] agreed to grant a loan of Rs. 7.5 million at 4 percent per annum interest for the project.

Scindia Neemuch Railway amalgamated under a single management in the year 1881–82 and was named as Rajputana Malwa railway.

In November 1951, [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]] with its headquarters at [[Mumbai]] came into existence after merging of Rajputana Malwa railway with the other State Railways and overtook the administration of Ujjain. The broad-gauge portion was extended from Ujjain – [[Maksi]]–[[Indore]] in 1964–66 and the doubling of the Indore–[[Bhopal]] sections was completed during 1993–2001.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1392957315076-history.pdf| title=History of Ratlam Division| website=Western Railway}}</ref>

The doubling of the sections Nagda–Ujjain section was done in 1979–1981 followed by in Ujjain–Maksi section 1964–1965.

This junction is electrified in 1992 and Ratlam–Bhopal passenger was the first electric train. The Ujjain-Indore route and Indore Junction were electrified in 2011.

Gauge conversion of the Ujjain–Fatehabad line has an estimated cost of Rs 120 crore. It will reduce the distance between Ujjain and Indore by 20 km as well as reduce one and a half hours. The Railways closed this 134-year-old metre-gauge rail section in February 2014.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/railways-to-start-prelim-work-on-ujjain-fatehabad-route/articleshow/59567811.cms| title=Railways to start prelim work on Ujjain-Fatehabad route| website=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-mp-railways-joint-venture-to-execute-rs-15000-cr-rail-projects/1016573| title=MP-Railways joint venture to execute Rs 15,000 cr rail projects| website=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/ujjain/ujjain-shivraj-spends-three-hours-in-mahakal-city-ahead-of-mission-2018/997658| title=Shivraj spends three hours in Mahakal City ahead of ‘Mission-2018’| website=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Ujjain-Fatehabad-meter-gauge-fate-in-doldrums-for-want-of-budget/articleshow/45075769.cms| title=Ujjain-Fatehabad meter gauge fate in doldrums for want of budget| website=Times of India}}</ref>

In September 2017, the station was the awarded the Best Tourist Friendly Railway Station by President [[Ramnath Kovind]] at a glittering ceremony at [[Vigyan Bhawan]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |date=September 29, 2017 |title=Best Tourist Friendly Railway Station award went to Ujjain Railway Station |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-state-bags-best-tourism-state-award-for-3rd-time-in-a-row/1144301 |work=Free Press Journal |location=Bhopal |access-date=October 1, 2017 }}</ref>

==Link route==

The main station of Ujjain lies on the [[Ratlam]]–[[Bhopal]], [[Indore]]–[[Nagda]] and [[Guna, India|Guna]]–[[Khandwa]] route. To the west it is connected to [[Ratlam Junction]], to the north, it is connected with [[Nagda Junction]], to the east it is connected with [[Maksi Junction]], [[Bhopal Junction]], and to the south, it is connected to [[Indore Junction BG]], [[Dewas Junction]].

== Suburban stations ==

The city of Ujjain has four other railway stations which are:

* {{stnlnk|Vikramnagar}}
* {{stnlnk|Matana Buzurg}}
* {{stnlnk|Pingleshwar}}
* {{stnlnk|Chintaman Ganesh}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Railways|Transport}}
* [[Jabalpur Junction railway station]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/ujjain-junction-ujn/10 Trains at Ujjain]
* [http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,575 Ratlam Division]

{{Wikivoyage inline|Ujjain}}

{{City of Ujjain}}
{{Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Western Railway}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1876]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Ujjain]]
[[Category:Ratlam railway division]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ujjain]]

Common sunflower

2026-02-18T10:13:17Z

TeenaDease50:

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the family of Asteraceae}}
{{Redirect|Sunflower}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
|image=Sunflower sky backdrop.jpg
|image_caption=[[Cultivar|''Helianthus annuus'' cv. Sunfola]]
|status=LC
|status_system=IUCN3.1
|status_ref=<ref>Contreras, A., Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. ''Helianthus annuus''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T19073408A47600755. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19073408A47600755.en. Accessed on 2 May 2023.</ref>
|status2 = {{TNCStatus}}
|status2_system = TNC
| status2_ref =
|genus=Helianthus
|species=annuus
|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000088131#synonyms |title= ''Helianthus annuus'' L. Sp. Pl.: 904 (1753) |date= 2022 |website= World Flora Online |publisher= World Flora Consortium |access-date= 30 November 2022}}</ref>
|synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets=true
|title=Synonymy
|''Helianthus aridus'' Rydb.
|''Helianthus erythrocarpus'' Bartl.
|''Helianthus indicus'' L.
|''Helianthus jaegeri'' Heiser
|''Helianthus lenticularis'' Douglas
|''Helianthus macrocarpus'' DC. & A.DC.
|''Helianthus multiflorus'' Hook.
|''Helianthus ovatus'' Lehm.
|''Helianthus platycephalus'' Cass.
|''Helianthus tubaeformis'' Nutt.
}}
}}

The '''common sunflower''' ('''''Helianthus annuus''''') is a species of large [[Annual plant|annual]] [[forb]] of the daisy family [[Asteraceae]]. The common sunflower is harvested for its [[Sunflower seed|edible oily seeds]], which are often eaten as a [[snack food]]. They are also used in the production of cooking oil, as food for livestock, as [[bird food]], and as plantings in domestic gardens for aesthetics. Wild plants are known for their multiple flower heads, whereas the domestic sunflower often possesses a single large flower head atop an unbranched stem.

== Description ==

The plant has an erect rough-hairy stem, reaching typical heights of {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=off|frac=2}}. The tallest sunflower on record achieved {{convert|10.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Guiness">{{cite web |title=Tallest Sunflower |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/tallest-sunflower |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106195656/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/tallest-sunflower |archive-date=6 January 2026 |access-date=6 January 2026 |website=Guinness World Records}}</ref> Sunflower leaves are broad, coarsely toothed, rough and mostly alternate; those near the bottom are largest and commonly [[heart-shaped]].<ref name="Spellenberg-2001">{{Cite book |last=Spellenberg |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00spel/page/378/ |title=National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region |publisher=Knopf |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-375-40233-3 |edition=rev |pages=378–379 |orig-date=1979}}</ref>

=== Flower ===
The plant flowers in summer. What is often called the "[[flower]]" of the sunflower is actually a "flower head" ([[pseudanthium]]), {{Convert|7.5-12.5|cm|frac=2}} wide,<ref name="Spellenberg-2001" /> of numerous small individual five-petaled flowers ("[[floret]]s"). The outer flowers, which resemble petals, are called [[ray flower]]s. Each "petal" consists of a [[ligule]] composed of fused petals of an asymmetrical ray flower. They are sexually sterile and may be yellow, red, orange, or other colors. The spirally arranged flowers in the center of the head are called [[disk flower]]s. These mature into fruit (sunflower "seeds").

The [[prairie sunflower]] (''H. petiolaris'') is similar in appearance to the wild common sunflower; the scales in its central disk are tipped by white hairs.<ref name="Spellenberg-2001" />{{clear|left}}

==== Heliotropism ====
[[File:SunflowerSunset2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Flower heads facing east, away from the late afternoon sun]]

A common misconception is that flowering sunflower heads [[heliotropism|track the Sun]] across the sky. Although immature flower buds exhibit this behaviour, the mature flowering heads point in a fixed (and typically easterly) direction throughout the day.<ref name="Hangarter">{{cite web |url=http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/movements/tropism/solartrack/solartrack.html |title=Solar tracking: sunflower plants |last=Hangarter |first=Roger P. |work=Plants-In-Motion website |publisher=Indiana University |access-date=22 August 2012 |quote=Many people are under the misconception that the flower heads of the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) track the sun... Immature sunflower flower heads do exhibit solar tracking and on sunny days the buds will track the sun across the sky from east to west... However, as the flower bud matures and blossoms, the stem stiffens and the flower head becomes fixed facing the eastward direction." |archive-date=19 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019131750/http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/movements/tropism/solartrack/solartrack.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flowers-org.com/helianthus-sunflower.html |title=Sunflowers in the blooming stage are not heliotropic anymore. The stem has frozen, typically in an eastward orientation. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523191033/http://www.flowers-org.com/helianthus-sunflower.html |archive-date=2013-05-23 }}</ref> This old misconception was disputed in 1597 by the English botanist [[John Gerard]], who grew sunflowers in his famous herbal garden: "[some] have reported it to turn with the Sun, the which I could never observe, although I have endeavored to find out the truth of it."<ref name="Gerard1597">{{cite book|last=Gerard|first=John|title=Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes|publisher=John Norton|location=London|year=1597|pages=612–614|url=http://www.botanicus.org/page/1956748|access-date=2012-08-08}} Popular botany book in 17th century England</ref> The uniform alignment of sunflower heads in a field might give some people the false impression that the flowers are tracking the Sun.

This alignment results from [[heliotropism]] in an earlier development stage, the young flower stage, before full maturity of flower heads ([[anthesis]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geochembio.com/biology/organisms/sunflower/|title=Sunflower, Developmental stages (life cycle)|work=GeoChemBio website|access-date=8 August 2012|archive-date=27 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127144105/http://www.geochembio.com/biology/organisms/sunflower/}}</ref> Young sunflowers orient themselves in the direction of the sun. At dawn, the head of the flower faces east and moves west throughout the day. When sunflowers reach full maturity, they no longer follow the sun and continuously face east. Young flowers reorient overnight to face east in anticipation of the morning. Their heliotropic motion is a [[circadian]] rhythm, synchronized by the sun, which continues if the sun disappears on cloudy days or if plants are moved to constant light.<ref name="Atamian-2016">{{Cite journal|last1=Atamian|first1=Hagop S.|last2=Creux|first2=Nicky M.|last3=Brown|first3=Evan A.|last4=Garner|first4=Austin G.|last5=Blackman|first5=Benjamin K.|last6=Harmer|first6=Stacey L.|date=5 August 2016|title=Circadian regulation of sunflower heliotropism, floral orientation, and pollinator visits|journal=Science|language=en|volume=353|issue=6299|pages=587–590|doi=10.1126/science.aaf9793|issn=0036-8075|pmid=27493185|url=https://zenodo.org/record/889822|bibcode=2016Sci...353..587A|doi-access=free}}</ref> They are able to regulate their circadian rhythm in response to the blue-light emitted by a light source.<ref name="Atamian-2016" /> If a sunflower plant in the bud stage is rotated 180°, the bud will be turning away from the sun for a few days, as resynchronization with the sun takes time.<ref name="HäderLebert2001">{{cite book|author1=Donat-Peter Häder|author2=Michael Lebert|title=Photomovement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nevsljDiCYC&pg=PA673|access-date=15 August 2010|year=2001|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-444-50706-8|pages=673–}}</ref>

When growth of the flower stalk stops and the flower is mature, the heliotropism also stops and the flower faces east from that moment onward. This eastward orientation allows rapid warming in the morning, and as a result, an increase in pollinator visits.<ref name="Atamian-2016" /> Sunflowers do not have a [[pulvinus]] below their [[inflorescence]]. A pulvinus is a flexible segment in the leaf stalks (petiole) of some plant species and functions as a 'joint'. It effectuates leaf motion due to reversible changes in [[turgor]] pressure which occurs without growth. The sensitive plant's closing leaves are a good example of reversible leaf movement via pulvinuli.

[[Image:SunflowerModel.svg|thumb|upright=.9|Vogel's model for ''n''=1 ... 500]]

==== Floret arrangement ====
Generally, each floret is oriented toward the next by approximately the [[golden angle]], 137.5°, producing a pattern of interconnecting [[spiral]]s, where the number of left spirals and the number of right spirals are successive [[Fibonacci number]]s. Typically, there are 39 spirals in one direction and 55 in the other; however, in a very large sunflower head there could be 89 in one direction and 144 in the other.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adam |first1=John A. |year=2003 |title=Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gO2sBp4ipQC&q=large-sunflower+spirals+144+89&pg=RA1-PA217 |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=31 January 2011 |location= Princeton, New Jersey |publisher= Princeton University Press | page=217 |isbn=978-0-691-11429-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat2.html#demos |title= Fibonacci Numbers and Nature - Part 2 |first1= Ron |last1= Knott |website=Department of Computer Science |publisher = [[University of Surrey]] |date=12 February 2009 |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916234127/http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat2.html#demos |archive-date=16 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat.html |last1=Knott |first1=Ron |title= Fibonacci Numbers and Nature |website=Department of Computer Science |publisher = University of Surrey |date=30 October 2010 |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907063800/http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat.html |archive-date=7 September 2009 }}</ref> This pattern produces the most efficient packing of seeds mathematically possible within the flower head.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_VMeAToefwC&q=fibonacci+packing+efficiency&pg=PA154|title=Introduction to landscape design |last1=Motloch |first1=John L. |year=2000 |access-date=31 January 2011 |location = New York, USA | publisher= John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |page=154 |isbn=978-0-471-35291-4 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/phyllotaxissyste0000jean/page/185 |url-access=registration |page= 185 |quote=fibonacci packing efficiency. |title=Phyllotaxis |access-date=2011-01-31|isbn=978-0-521-40482-2|last1=Jean|first1=Roger V|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>

A model for the pattern of [[floret]]s in the head of a sunflower was proposed by H. Vogel in 1979.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vogel |first=H. |title=A better way to construct the sunflower head |journal=Mathematical Biosciences |volume=44 |issue=3–4 |pages=179–189 |year=1979 |doi=10.1016/0025-5564(79)90080-4 }}</ref> This is expressed in [[polar coordinates]]
:<math>r=c \sqrt{n},</math>
:<math>\theta=n \times 137.5^{\circ},</math>
where θ is the angle, ''r'' is the radius or distance from the center, and ''n'' is the index number of the floret and ''c'' is a constant scaling factor. It is a form of [[Fermat's spiral]]. The angle 137.5° is related to the [[golden ratio]] (55/144 of a circular angle, where 55 and 144 are Fibonacci numbers) and gives a close packing of florets. This model has been used to produce computer generated representations of sunflowers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prusinkiewicz |first1=Przemyslaw |author-link=Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz |last2=Lindenmayer |first2= Aristid |author-link2=Aristid Lindenmayer |title=The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=1990 |url= https://archive.org/details/algorithmicbeaut0000prus/page/101 |pages=101–107 |isbn=978-0-387-97297-8 }}</ref>

{{gallery|mode=packed
|Sunflower macro wide.jpg|Detail of disk florets
|Solros - Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) - Ystad-2024.jpg|After flowering, the seeds are visible.
|Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds.jpg|Sunflower seeds
}}

=== Genome ===
The sunflower [[genome]] is [[diploid]] with a base [[chromosome]] number of 17 and an estimated [[genome size]] of 2,871–3,189 billion [[base pair]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Helianthus annuus'' (common sunflower) Genome Project |publisher=NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/?taxon=4232 |access-date=2012-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{NCBI taxid|4232|''Helianthus annuus''}}</ref> Some sources claim its true size is around 3.5 billion base pairs (slightly larger than the [[human genome]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunflower Genome Holds the Promise of Sustainable Agriculture|website=ScienceDaily |date=14 January 2010 |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100112121930.htm}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
In the [[binomial name]] ''Helianthus annuus'', the genus name is derived from the Greek ''ἥλιος : hḗlios'' 'sun' and ''ἄνθος : ánthos'' 'flower'. The species name ''annuus'' means 'annual' in Latin.

== Distribution and habitat ==
The plant was first domesticated in the Americas. Sunflower seeds were brought to Europe [[Columbian exchange|from the Americas]] in the 16th century, where, along with [[sunflower oil]], they became a widespread cooking ingredient. With time, the bulk of industrial-scale production has shifted to Eastern Europe, and ({{as of|2020|lc=yes}}) Russia and Ukraine together produce over half of worldwide seed production.

Sunflowers grow best in fertile, moist, well-drained soil with heavy [[mulch]]. They often appear on dry open areas and foothills.<ref name="Spellenberg-2001" /> Outside of cultivation, the common sunflower is found on moist clay-based soils in areas with climates similar to Texas. In contrast, the related ''[[Helianthus debilis]]'' and ''[[Helianthus petiolaris]]'' are found on drier, sandier soils.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Renaut |first1=Sébastien |last2=Grassa |first2=Christopher |last3=Moyers |first3=Brook |last4=Kane |first4=Nolan |last5=Rieseberg |first5=Loren |title=The Population Genomics of Sunflowers and Genomic Determinants of Protein Evolution Revealed by RNAseq |journal=Biology |date=25 October 2012 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=576–577 |doi=10.3390/biology1030575 |doi-access=free |pmid=24832509 |pmc=4009819 }}</ref>

The precise native range is difficult to determine. According to [[Plants of the World Online]] (POWO), it is native to Arizona, California, and Nevada in the present-day United States and to all parts of Mexico except the Gulf Coast and southeast.<ref name="POWO">{{cite POWO |id=119003-2 |title=''Helianthus annuus'' L. |access-date=4 October 2023}}</ref> Though not giving much detail, the Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder also lists it as native to the Western United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Helianthus annuus'' |url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a583 |website=Plant Finder |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=4 October 2023 |location=St. Louis, Missouri}}</ref> The information published by the Biota of North America Program (BONAP) largely agrees with this, showing the common sunflower as native to states west of the Mississippi, though also listed as a noxious weed in Iowa, Minnesota, and Texas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kartesz |first1=J.T. |title=''Helianthus annuus'' |url=http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Helianthus%20annuus.png |website=Taxonomic Data Center |publisher=The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) |access-date=4 October 2023 |location=Chapel Hill, N.C. |date=2015}}</ref> Regardless of its original range, it can now be found in almost every part of the world that is not tropical, desert, or tundra.<ref name="POWO" />

== Ecology ==
=== Threats and diseases ===
{{Main|List of sunflower diseases}}

One of the major threats that sunflowers face today is ''[[Fusarium]]'', a filamentous fungus that is found largely in soil and plants. It is a pathogen that over the years has caused an increasing amount of damage and loss of sunflower crops, some as extensive as 80% of damaged crops.<ref name="Gontcharov, SV. Antonova 2006">{{Cite journal |last=Gontcharov |first=S.V. |last2=Antonova |first2=T.S. |last3=Saukova |first3=S.L. |date=2006 |title=Sunflower breeding for resistance to Fusarium |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2298/hel0645049g/html |journal=Helia |language=en |volume=29 |issue=45 |pages=49–54 |doi=10.2298/HEL0645049G |issn=1018-1806 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Downy mildew]] is another disease to which sunflowers are susceptible. Its susceptibility to downy mildew is particularly high due to the sunflower's way of growth and development. Sunflower seeds are generally planted only an inch deep in the ground. When such shallow planting is done in moist and soaked earth or soil, it increases the chances of diseases such as downy mildew.

Another major threat to sunflower crops are [[broomrape]]s, a family of plants which [[parasite|parasitize]] the roots of various other plants, including sunflowers. Damage and loss to sunflower crops as a result of broomrape can be as high as 100%.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Encheva |first1= J. |last2= Christov |first2=M. |last3= Shindrova |first3= P. |date= |title= Developing Mutant Sunflower Line (''Helianthus Annuus'' L.) By Combined Used Of Classical Method With Induced Mutagenesis and Embryo Culture Method |url= https://agrojournal.org/14/04-07-08.pdf |journal= Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science |volume= 14 |issue= 4 |pages= 397–404 |access-date=15 October 2014 }}</ref>

== Cultivation ==
[[File:Dwarf sunflower seedling.jpg|thumb|Seedling of a dwarf sunflower]]
[[File:Solros - Common sunflower - (Helianthus annuus) - Ystad - 2025.jpg|thumb|An 8 cm tall seedling of a common sunflower.]]
In commercial planting, seeds are planted {{convert|45|cm|ft|abbr=on|frac=2}} apart and {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on|frac=4}} deep.<ref>{{Citation |last=Pavek |first=Pamela L. S. |title=Plant fact sheet for common woolly sunflower (``Eriophyllum lanatum``) |date=2012 |place=Pullman, WA |publisher=SDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Pullman Plant Materials Center}}</ref>

=== History ===
The common sunflower was one of several plants cultivated by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] in [[prehistoric]] North America as part of the [[Eastern Agricultural Complex]], which also included [[Chenopodium berlandieri|goosefoot]], [[Hordeum pusillum|little barley]], squash, and a variety of other crops, most of which were replaced by maize and beans following their introduction.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2024-09-13 |title=Native American - Prehistoric Farming, Agriculture, Cultivation |encyclopedia=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Native-American/Prehistoric-farmers |access-date=2024-10-09 |language=en}}</ref> Although it was commonly accepted that the sunflower was first domesticated in what is now the southeastern US, roughly 5,000 years ago,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Benjamin K. |last1=Blackman |first2=Moira |last2=Scascitelli |first3=Nolan C. |last3=Kane |first4=Harry H. |last4=Luton |first5=David A. |last5=Rasmussen |first6=Robert A. |last6=Bye |first7=David L. |last7=Lentz |first8=Loren H. |last8=Rieseberg |year=2011 |journal=PNAS |title=Sunflower domestication alleles support single domestication center in eastern North America |volume=108 |issue=34 |pages=14360–14365 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1104853108 |pmid=21844335 |pmc=3161615 |bibcode=2011PNAS..10814360B |doi-access=free }}</ref> there is evidence that it was first domesticated in Mexico<ref>{{cite journal |first1=David L. |last1=Lentz |first2=Mary DeLand |last2=Pohl |first3=José Luis |last3=Alvarado |first4=Somayeh |last4=Tarighat |first5=Robert |last5=Bye |year=2008 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0711760105 |title=Sunflower (''Helianthus annuus'' L.) as a pre-Columbian domesticate in Mexico|journal=PNAS |volume=105 |issue=17 |pages=6232–6237 |pmid=18443289 |pmc=2359819 |bibcode=2008PNAS..105.6232L |doi-access=free }}</ref> around 2600 BCE. These crops were found in [[Tabasco, Mexico]], at the San Andres dig site. The earliest known examples in the US of a fully domesticated sunflower have been found in [[Tennessee]], and date to around 2300 BCE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rieseberg |first1=Loren H. |year=2004 |title=Origin of Extant Domesticated Sunflowers in Eastern North America |journal=Nature |volume=430 |issue=6996 |pages=201–205 |doi=10.1038/nature02710 |pmid=15241413 |bibcode=2004Natur.430..201H }}</ref> Other very early examples come from rockshelter sites in Eastern Kentucky.<ref>{{cite web |first1=A. Gwynn |first2=David |last1=Henderson |last2=Pollack |year=2012 |url=https://heritage.ky.gov/Documents/Native_History_KyTeachers.pdf |title=A Native History Of Kentucky |website=heritage.ky.gov |postscript=,}} excerpts from {{cite encyclopedia |title=Kentucky |encyclopedia=Native America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia |first=Daniel S. |last=Murphree |volume=1 |pages=393–440 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Santa Barbara, CA |year=2012}}</ref> Many [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous American peoples]] used the sunflower as the symbol of their [[solar deity]], including the [[Tonatiuh|Aztecs]] and the [[Otomi people|Otomi]] of Mexico and the [[Inca Empire|Incas]] in South America. In 1510, early Spanish explorers encountered the sunflower in the Americas and carried its seeds back to Europe.<ref>{{cite book |last=Putt |first=E. D. |title=Sunflower Technology and Production |publisher=American Society of Agronomy |year=1997 |editor=A.A. Schneiter |series=Agronomy Series |volume=35 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |pages=1–19 |chapter=Early history of sunflower}}</ref> Of the four plants known to have been domesticated in eastern North America<ref>{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Bruce D. |doi=10.1073/pnas.0604335103 |title=Eastern North America as an independent center of plant domestication |year=2006 |journal=PNAS |volume=103 |issue=33 |pages=12223–12228 |pmid=16894156 |pmc=1567861 |bibcode=2006PNAS..10312223S |doi-access=free }}</ref> and to have become important agricultural commodities, the sunflower is currently the most economically important.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

Research of phylogeographic relations and population demographic patterns across sunflowers has demonstrated that earlier cultivated sunflowers form a [[clade]] from wild populations from the [[Great Plains]], which indicates that there was a single domestication event in central North America. Following the cultivated sunflower's origin, it may have gone through significant bottlenecks dating back to ~5,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Brian |last2=Burke |first2=John M. |date=March 2020 |title=Phylogeography and the Evolutionary History of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): Wild Diversity and the Dynamics of Domestication |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |page=266 |doi=10.3390/genes11030266 |pmc=7140811 |pmid=32121324 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In the 16th century the first crop breeds were brought [[Columbian exchange|from America to Europe]] by explorers.<ref name="Hancock2012">{{cite book |last=Hancock |first=J.F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRHaEWvR1uMC |title=Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species |publisher=CABI Pub. |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-85199-874-9 |page=188 |access-date=2022-04-07}}</ref> Domestic sunflower seeds have been found in Mexico, dating to 2100 BCE. Native American people grew sunflowers as a crop from Mexico to Southern Canada.<ref name="Hancock2012" /> They then were introduced to the [[Russian Empire]], where oilseed cultivators were located, and the flowers were developed and grown on an industrial scale. The Russian Empire reintroduced this oilseed cultivation process to North America in the mid-20th century; North America began their commercial era of sunflower production and breeding.<ref name="Atamian-2016" /> New breeds of the ''Helianthus spp.'' began to become more prominent in new geographical areas. During the 18th century, the use of sunflower oil became very popular in Russia, particularly with members of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], because only plant-based fats were allowed during [[Great Lent|Lent]], according to [[Fasting#Rules|fasting traditions]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=SUNFLOWERS: The Secret History |date=December 1, 2007 |journal=Kirkus Reviews |volume=75 |issue=23 |page=1236 |first=Joe |last=Pappalardo}}</ref> In the early 19th century, it was first commercialized in the [[Alexeyevka, Belgorod Oblast|village of Alexeyevka]] in [[Voronezh Governorate]] by the merchant named Daniil Bokaryov, who developed a technology suitable for its large-scale extraction, and quickly spread around. The town's coat of arms has included an image of a sunflower ever since.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

=== Production ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:14em; text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" |Sunflower seed production – 2024
|-
! style="background:#ddf; width:75%;" | Country
! style="background:#ddf; width:25%;" | (Millions of [[tonne]]s)
|-
| {{RUS}} ||16.9
|-
| {{UKR}} ||13
|-
| {{EU}} ||8.5
|-
| {{ARG}} ||4.5
|-
| {{KAZ}} ||1.83
|-
| {{CHN}} ||1.75
|-
| {{TUR}} ||1.35
|-
| {{ZAF}} ||0.77
|-
| '''World''' || '''51.9'''
|-
| colspan="2" |Source: [[Foreign Agricultural Service|FAS]] of the [[USDA]]<ref name="USDA FAS 2024">{{cite web |title=Production - Sunflowerseed |url=https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/production/commodity/2224000 |website=Foreign Agricultural Service of the USDA |publisher=USDA |access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>
|}

In 2024, world production of [[sunflower seed]]s was 51.9 million tonnes, led by Russia and [[Ukraine]], with 58% combined of the total.<ref name="USDA FAS 2024"/>

=== Fertilizer use ===
Researchers have analyzed the impact of various nitrogen-based fertilizers on the growth of sunflowers. [[Ammonium nitrate]] was found to produce better nitrogen absorption than [[urea]], which performed better in low-temperature areas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spinelli |first1=D |last2=Bardi |first2=L |last3=Fierro |first3=A |last4=Jez |first4=S |last5=Basosi |first5=R |year=2017 |title=Environmental analysis of sunflower production with different forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers |url=http://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/138249/1/2015AA039.pdf |journal=The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment |publisher=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=492–501 |doi=10.1007/s11367-016-1089-6 |pmid=23974447 |bibcode=2017IJLCA..22..492M |s2cid=112613303}}</ref>

=== Crop rotation ===
Sunflower cultivation typically uses [[crop rotation]], often with [[cereals]], [[soybean]], or [[rapeseed]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Debaeke |first1=Philippe |title=Chapter 16 – Sunflower |date=1 January 2021 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128191941000165 |work=Crop Physiology Case Histories for Major Crops |pages=482–517 |editor-last=Sadras |editor-first=Victor O. |access-date=2023-07-04 |publisher=Academic Press |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-819194-1.00016-5 |isbn=978-0-12-819194-1 |quote=In most countries, sunflower is usually recommended to be grown in 3–4 years rotations, generally with cereals (e.g. wheat, barley, maize and sorghum), soybean, oilseed rape and grain legumes |last2=Izquierdo |first2=Natalia G. |s2cid=243584066 |editor2-last=Calderini |editor2-first=Daniel F.|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This reduces idle periods and increases total sunflower production and profitability.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Castro |first1=C. |last2=Leite |first2=Regina |year=2018 |title=Main aspects of sunflower production in Brazil |url=https://www.ocl-journal.org/articles/ocl/pdf/2018/01/ocl170047.pdf |journal= OCL|volume=25 |pages=D104 |doi=10.1051/ocl/2017056 |id={{ProQuest|2036361008}} |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mastuura |first1=M. I. S. F. |last2=Dias |first2=F. R. T. |last3=Picoli |first3=J. F. |last4=Lucas |first4=K. R. G. |last5=Castro |first5=C. |last6=Hirakuri |first6=M. H. |year=2017 |title=Life-cycle assessment of the soybean-sunflower production system in the Brazilian Cerrado |url=http://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/138249/1/2015AA039.pdf |journal=The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=492–501 |doi=10.1007/s11367-016-1089-6 |bibcode=2017IJLCA..22..492M |s2cid=112613303}}</ref>

===Hybrids and cultivars===
{{more citations needed section|reason=A lot of these cultivars are unreferenced.|date=April 2025}}
In today's market, most of the sunflower seeds provided or grown by farmers are hybrids. Hybrids or hybridized sunflowers are produced by cross-breeding different types and species, for example cultivated sunflowers with wild species. By doing so, new genetic recombinations are obtained ultimately leading to the production of new hybrid species. These hybrid species generally have a higher fitness and carry properties or characteristics that farmers look for, such as resistance to pathogens.<ref name="Gontcharov, SV. Antonova 2006" />

Hybrid, ''Helianthus annuus dwarf2'' does not contain the hormone gibberellin and does not display heliotropic behavior. Plants treated with an external application of the hormone display a temporary restoration of elongation growth patterns. This growth pattern diminished by 35% 7–14 days after final treatment.<ref name="Atamian-2016" />

Hybrid male sterile and male fertile flowers that display heterogeneity have a low crossover of honeybee visitation. Sensory cues such as pollen odor, diameter of seed head, and height may influence pollinator visitation of pollinators that display constancy behavior patterns.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Cinthia Susic |last2=Farina |first2=Walter M. |date=1 March 2016 |title=Honeybee floral constancy and pollination efficiency in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crops for hybrid seed production |journal=Apidologie |language=en |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=161–170 |doi=10.1007/s13592-015-0384-8 |issn=0044-8435 |doi-access=free|hdl=11336/44997 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Sunflowers are grown as ornamentals in a domestic setting. Being easy to grow and producing spectacular results in any good, moist soil in full sun, they are a favourite subject for children. A large number of cultivars, of varying size and color, are now available to grow from seed. The following are [[cultivar]]s of sunflowers (those marked {{smallcaps|agm}} have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]):<ref>{{cite web |date=July 2017 |title=AGM Plants – Ornamental |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf |access-date=3 March 2018 |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |page=43}}</ref>

{{Columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* American Giant
* Arnika
* Autumn Beauty
* Aztec Sun
* Black Oil
* Chianti Hybrid
* Claret {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/165512/Helianthus-annuus-Claret/Details | title = ''Helianthus annuus'' 'Claret' | publisher=Apps.rhs.org.uk |access-date=2020-08-02}}</ref>
* Dwarf Sunspot
* Evening Sun
* Florenza
* Giant Primrose
* Gullick's Variety {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/53769/Helianthus-Gullick-s-Variety/Details | title = ''Helianthus'' 'Gullick's Variety' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Incredible
* Indian Blanket Hybrid
* Irish Eyes
* Italian White
* Kong Hybrid
* Large Grey Stripe
* Lemon Queen {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/79853/Helianthus-Lemon-Queen/Details | title = ''Helianthus'' 'Lemon Queen' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Loddon Gold {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/99914/Helianthus-Loddon-Gold/Details | title = ''Helianthus'' 'Loddon Gold' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Miss Mellish {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/203934/Helianthus-Miss-Mellish/Details | title = ''Helianthus'' 'Miss Mellish' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Monarch {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/96273/Helianthus-Monarch/Details | title = ''Helianthus'' 'Monarch' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Mongolian Giant
* Moon-Walker
* Munchkin<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/346263/Helianthus-annuus-Munchkin/Details | title = ''Helianthus annuus'' 'Munchkin' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Orange Sun
* Pastiche {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/165518/Helianthus-annuus-Pastiche/Details | title = ''Helianthus annuus'' 'Pastiche' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Peach Passion
* Peredovik
* Prado Red
* Red Sun
* Ring of Fire
* Rostov
* Russian Giant<ref name="tsc">{{cite web | url = https://www.theseedcollection.com.au/sunflower-Giant-Russian | title = ''Helianthus annuus'' 'Russian Giant' | access-date = 9 May 2023}}</ref>
* Skyscraper
* Solar Eclipse
* Soraya
* Strawberry Blonde
* Sunny Hybrid
* Sunsation Yellow<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/346282/Helianthus-annuus-Sunsation-Yellow-(Sunsation-Series)/Details | title = ''Helianthus annuus'' 'Sunsation Yellow' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Sunshine
* Taiyo
* Tarahumara
* Teddy Bear {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/168546/Helianthus-annuus-Teddy-Bear-(d)/Details | title = ''Helianthus annuus'' 'Teddy Bear' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Thousand Suns
* Titan
* Valentine {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/165527/Helianthus-annuus-Valentine/Details | title = ''Helianthus annuus'' 'Valentine' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 1 August 2020}}</ref>
* Velvet Queen
* Yellow Disk
}}
{{gallery|mode=packed
|Helianthus annuus prado red.jpg|Prado Red
|Sunflower3-2012.jpg|Mammoth Russian
|Helianthus annuus (cultivar) 02.jpg|Teddy Bear
}}

==Uses==
Sunflower "whole seed" (fruit) are sold as a snack food, raw or after roasting in ovens, with or without salt and/or seasonings added. Sunflower seeds can be processed into a peanut butter alternative, [[sunflower butter]]. It is also sold as food for birds and can be used directly in cooking and salads. Native Americans had multiple uses for sunflowers in the past, such as in bread, medical ointments, dyes and body paints.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pelczar |first=Rita |year=1993 |title=The Prodigal Sunflower |journal=American Horticulturist |volume=72 |issue=8}}</ref>

Sunflower oil, extracted from the seeds, is [[Cooking oil|used for cooking]], as a [[carrier oil]] and to produce [[margarine]] and [[biodiesel]], as it is cheaper than [[olive oil]]. A range of sunflower varieties exist with differing fatty acid compositions; some "high-oleic" types contain a higher level of monounsaturated fats in their oil than even olive oil. The oil is also sometimes used in soap.<ref name="Audubon">{{cite book |last1=Niering |first1=William A. |author-link1=William Niering |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region |last2=Olmstead |first2=Nancy C. |publisher=Knopf |year=1985 |isbn=0-394-50432-1 |page=384 |orig-date=1979}}</ref> After [[World War I]], during the [[Russian Civil War]], people in Ukraine used sunflower seed oil in lamps as a substitute for [[kerosene]] due to shortages. The light from such a lamp has been described as "miserable" and "smoky".<ref>{{cite book |last=Neufeld |first=Dietrich |title=A Russian Dance of Death: Revolution and Civil War in the Ukraine |publisher=Hyperion |year=1980 |location=Winnipeg |page=50}}</ref>

The cake remaining after the seeds have been processed for oil is used as livestock feed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heuzé |first1=V. |last2=Tran |first2=G. |last3=Hassoun |first3=P. |last4=Lessire |first4=M. |last5=Lebas |first5=F. |year=2016 |title=Sunflower meal |url=https://www.feedipedia.org/node/732 |website=Feedipedia}}</ref> The hulls resulting from the dehulling of the seeds before oil extraction can also be fed to domestic animals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heuzé |first1=V. |last2=Tran |first2=G. |last3=Hassoun |first3=P. |last4=Lessire |first4=M. |last5=Lebas |first5=F. |year=2018 |title=Sunflower hulls and sunflower screenings |url=https://www.feedipedia.org/node/733 |website=Feedipedia}}</ref> Some recently developed [[cultivar]]s have drooping heads. These cultivars are less attractive to [[Gardening|gardeners]] growing the flowers as [[ornamental plant]]s, but appeal to farmers, because they reduce bird damage and losses from some [[phytopathology|plant diseases]]. Sunflowers also produce [[latex]], and are the subject of experiments to improve their suitability as an alternative crop for producing [[hypoallergenic]] rubber.

Traditionally, several Native American groups planted sunflowers on the north edges of their gardens as a "fourth sister" to the better-known [[Three Sisters (agriculture)|three sisters]] combination of [[Maize|corn]], [[beans]], and [[Squash (plant)|squash]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kuepper |first1=George |last2=Dodson |first2=Mardi |year=2016 |title=Companion Planting: Basic Concept and Resources |url=https://attra.ncat.org/publication/companion-planting-resources/ |website=National Center for Appropriate Technology |orig-year=2001 |department=ATTRA Sustainable Agriculture Program}}</ref> Annual species are often planted for their [[Allelopathy|allelopathic]] properties.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nikneshan |first1=P. |last2=Karimmojeni |first2=P. |last3=Moghanibashi |first3=M. |last4=Hosseini |first4=N. |year=2011 |title=Allelopathic potential of sunflower on weed management in safflower and wheat |url=http://www.cropj.com/karimmojeini_5_11_2011_1434_1440.pdf |journal=Australian Journal of Crop Science |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=1434–1440 |issn=1835-2707}}</ref> It was also used by Native Americans to dress hair.<ref name=Audubon/> Among the [[Zuni people]], the fresh or dried root is chewed by the [[medicine man]] before sucking venom from a snakebite and applying a [[poultice]] to the wound.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Camazine |first1=Scott |last2=Bye |first2=Robert A. |year=1980 |title=A Study of the Medical Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians of New Mexico |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=365–388 |doi=10.1016/S0378-8741(80)81017-8 |pmid=6893476 }}</ref> This compound poultice of the root is applied with much ceremony to rattlesnake bites.<ref>{{cite report |title=Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians |last=Stevenson |first=Matilda Coxe |year=1915 |volume=30 |pages=53–54 |series=SI-BAE Annual Report}}</ref>

However, for commercial farmers growing other commodity crops, the wild sunflower is often considered a weed. Especially in the Midwestern US, wild (perennial) species are often found in corn and soybean fields and can decrease yields. The decrease in yield can be attributed to the production of phenolic compounds which are used to reduce competition for nutrients in nutrient-poor growing areas of the common sunflower.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Irons |first1=Stephen M. |last2=Burnside |first2=Orvin C. |date=1982 |title=Competitive and Allelopathic Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) |journal=Weed Science |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=372–377 |bibcode=1982WeedS..30..372I |doi=10.1017/S0043174500040789 |issn=0043-1745 |jstor=4043628 |s2cid=89016579}}</ref>

===Phytoremediation===
''Helianthus annuus'' can be used in [[phytoremediation]] to extract pollutants from soil such as lead and other heavy metals, such as [[cadmium]], [[zinc]], [[cesium]], [[strontium]], and [[uranium]]. The phytoremediation process begins by absorbing the heavy metal(s) through the roots, which gradually accumulate in other areas, such as the shoots and leaves.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhong |first1=Jiawen |last2=Liu |first2=Yeqing |last3=Chen |first3=Xinheng |last4=Ye |first4=Zihao |last5=Li |first5=Yongtao |last6=Li |first6=Wenyan |date=1 January 2024 |title=The impact of acid rain on cadmium phytoremediation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749123017803 |journal=Environmental Pollution |volume=340 |issue=Pt 2 |bibcode=2024EPoll.34022778Z |doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122778 |issn=0269-7491 |pmid=37863250 |url-access=subscription |article-number=122778}}</ref> ''Helianthus annuus'' can also be used in [[rhizofiltration]] to neutralize [[radionuclide]]s, such as [[caesium-137]] and [[strontium-90]], from contaminated water, as was done in the case of a pond after the [[Chernobyl disaster]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Adler |first=Tina |date=20 July 1996 |title=Botanical cleanup crews: using plants to tackle polluted water and soil |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n3_v150/ai_18518620/?tag=content;col1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715211727/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n3_v150/ai_18518620/?tag=content;col1 |archive-date=15 July 2011 |access-date=3 September 2010 |magazine=Science News}}</ref> A similar campaign was mounted in response to the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]].<ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2011 |title=Sunflowers to clean radioactive soil in Japan |url=http://old.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110624/wl_asia_afp/japandisasteraccidentnuclearsunflowers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701010223/http://old.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110624/wl_asia_afp/japandisasteraccidentnuclearsunflowers |archive-date=2011-07-01 |access-date=2011-06-25 |via=Yahoo News |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Slodkowski |first1=Antoni |last2=Nakao |first2=Yuriko |date=19 August 2011 |title=Sunflowers melt Fukushima's nuclear "snow" |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-disaster-sunflowers-idUSTRE77I0PG20110819 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120153502/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/19/us-japan-disaster-sunflowers-idUSTRE77I0PG20110819 |archive-date=20 January 2012 |access-date=22 January 2012 |newspaper=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="Smithsonian" />

{{gallery|mode=packed
|Helianthus whorl.jpg|Head displaying florets in spirals of 34 and 55 around the outside
|Sunflower Seeds Kaldari.jpg|Seed dehulled (left) and with hull (right)
|Helianthus annuus pollen 1.jpg|Pollen close-up
}}

==In culture==
[[File:Anthony van Dyck - Self-portrait with a Sunflower.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Anthony van Dyck]] with sunflower ({{Circa|1633}})]]
[[File:Vincent Van Gogh - Three Sunflowers F453.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|[[Vincent van Gogh]] – "Lausanne" Sunflowers (1888)]]

According to [[Iroquois mythology]], the first sunflowers [[Origin myth|grew]] out of Earth Woman's legs after she [[Maternal death|died giving birth]] to her [[Twin|twin sons]], [[Hahgwehdiyu|Sapling and Flint]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Us|first=Kimberly|date=14 November 2021|title=''Thanksgiving: Native American Stories, Recipes and Crafts''|url=https://kimberlyus.com/thanksgiving-native-american-stories-recipes-and-crafts/|publisher=KimberlyUs.com}}</ref>

The [[Zuni people]] use the blossoms ceremonially for anthropic worship.<ref>Stevenson, p.93</ref> Sunflowers were also worshipped by the Incas because they viewed it as a symbol for the Sun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunflower Symbolism & the Meaning of Sunflowers in the Language of Flowers |url=http://livingartsoriginals.com/flower-sunflower.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218225800/http://www.livingartsoriginals.com/flower-sunflower.htm |archive-date=2014-02-18 |access-date=2014-03-07}}</ref>

Stories of [[Clytie (Oceanid)|Clytie]] the [[nymph]] who was spurned by her former lover [[Helios]] end with her transformed into what may be translated as sunflower. However, the plant in [[Greek mythology]] may be, "partly pale and partly red, and very like a violet". The plant described also exhibits [[heliotropism]], with its face turning towards the sun. This plant may be a species in the genus heliotrope (''[[Heliotropium]]'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Farrar |first1=Frank Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/oldgreeknaturest00farriala/page/204 |title=Old Greek Nature Stories |date=1910 |publisher=G. G. Harrap & company |location=London |pages=203–204 |access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref> However, less commonly it is identified as the common marigold (''[[Calendula officinalis]]'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bernhardt |first1=Peter |title=Gods and Goddesses in the Garden |date=2008 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-4266-9 |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |page=128}}</ref>

During the 19th century, it was believed that nearby plants of the species would protect a home from malaria.<ref name="Audubon" /> The flowers are the subject of [[Vincent van Gogh]]'s [[Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)|''Sunflowers'' series]] of still-life paintings.

In July 2015, [[Genetic viability|viable]] seeds were acquired from the field where [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17]] crashed on a year earlier and were grown in [[tribute]] to the 15 Dutch residents of [[Hilversum]] who were killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/17/mh17-dutch-victims-hilversum-sunflowers |title=Dutch town hard hit by MH17 disaster remembers victims with sunflowers |website=The Guardian |date=17 July 2015 |access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref> Earlier that year, [[Fairfax Media|Fairfax]] chief correspondent [[Paul McGeough]] and photographer [[Kate Geraghty]] had collected 1.5 kg of sunflower seeds from the wreck site [[memorial|for family and friends]] of the 38 Australian victims, who aimed to give them a poignant symbol of hope.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/interactive/2015/planting-hope/ |title=Planting hope |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=2015 |access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref>

On 13 May 2021, during the National Costume competition of the [[Miss Universe 2020]] beauty pageant, [[Miss Dominican Republic]] [[Kimberly Jiménez]] wore a "Goddess of Sunflowers" costume covered in gold and yellow rhinestones<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dominicanrepubliclive.com/culture/kimberly-jimenez-parades-in-the-typical-sunflower-costume-at-the-miss-universe-pre-message-gala/|title=Kimberly Jiménez parades in the typical sunflower costume at the Miss Universe pre-message gala|date=13 May 2021}}</ref> that included several real sunflowers sewn onto the fabric.

=== Symbolism ===
The sunflower is the [[List of national flowers|national flower]] of [[Ukraine]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://fox4kc.com/news/kansas-news/how-sunflowers-officially-connect-kansas-and-ukraine/|title=How sunflowers officially connect Kansas and Ukraine|work=[[WDAF-TV]]|date=28 February 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=29 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529052805/https://fox4kc.com/news/kansas-news/how-sunflowers-officially-connect-kansas-and-ukraine/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ukrainians used sunflower as a main source of [[cooking oil]] instead of butter or [[lard]] forbidden by the [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine|Orthodox Church]] when observing [[Lent]]. They were also planted to serve as [[Bioremediation of radioactive waste|bioremediation]] in [[Chernobyl]]. In June 1996, U.S., Russian, and Ukrainian officials planted sunflowers at the [[Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast|Pervomaysk]] missile base where Soviet [[Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear weapons]] were formerly placed.<ref name="Smithsonian">{{cite magazine |last1=Mufarech |first1=Antonia |date=31 March 2022 |title=Why Sunflowers Are Ukraine's National Flower |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-sunflowers-are-ukraines-national-flower-180979850/ |magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> During the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], a video widely shared on social media showed a Ukrainian woman confronting a Russian soldier, telling the latter to "take these seeds and put them in your pockets so at least sunflowers will grow when you all lie down here".<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 February 2022|title=Ukrainian woman offers seeds to Russian soldiers so 'sunflowers grow when they die' – video|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2022/feb/25/ukrainian-woman-sunflower-seeds-russian-soldiers-video|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> The sunflower has since become a global symbol of resistance, unity, and hope.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hassan |first= Jennifer |date=2 March 2022 |title=The sunflower, Ukraine's national flower, is becoming a global symbol of solidarity|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/02/ukraine-sunflower-solidarity-russia-war/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>

The sunflower is also the [[state flower]] of the U.S. state of [[Kansas]]<ref name="Spellenberg-2001" /><ref name="auto"/> and one of the city flowers of [[Kitakyūshū]], Japan.<ref>{{cite web|date=16 June 2022|title=市の花 - 北九州市|url=https://www.city.kitakyushu.lg.jp/contents/924_00346.html|website=[[Kitakyushu|北九州市]]}}</ref>

During the late 19th century, the flower was used as the symbol of the [[Aesthetic Movement]].<ref>{{cite web|date=26 May 2021|title=Sunflowers and the Aesthetic Movement|url=https://www.demorgan.org.uk/sunflowers-and-the-aesthetic-movement/ |website=DE MORGAN COLLECTION|quote=Oscar Wilde commented that the sunflower was akin to a gaudy lion and its adoption as the movement’s floral emblem was secured.}}</ref>

The sunflower was chosen as the symbol of the [[Spiritualism (movement)|Spiritualist Church]], for many reasons, but mostly because of the belief that the flowers turn toward the sun as "Spiritualism turns toward the light of truth". Modern Spiritualists often have art or jewelry with sunflower designs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Awtry-Smith |first=Marilyn J. |chapter=The Symbol of Spiritualism: The Sunflower. |title=Talking to the Other Side: A History of Modern Spiritualism and Mediumship |editor-first=Todd Jay |editor-last=Leonard |isbn=0-595-36353-9 |year=2005 |publisher=iUniverse}}</ref>{{page needed|date=October 2025}}{{better source needed|date=October 2025}}

The sunflower is often used as a symbol of [[green ideology]]. The flower is also the symbol of the [[Vegan Society]].<ref>{{cite news|date=27 April 2020|title=30 Years of the Vegan Trademark|url= https://www.vegansociety.com/news/blog/30-years-vegan-trademark |website=The Vegan Society}}</ref>

The sunflower is the symbol behind the [[Sunflower Movement]], a 2014 mass protest in [[Taiwan]].

The [[Hidden Disabilities Sunflower]] was first used as a visible symbol (typically worn on a lanyard) in May 2016 at [[London Gatwick Airport]]. It has since come into common usage throughout the UK and in the [[Commonwealth]] more generally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sunfieldcenter.com/the-sunflower-lanyard-for-hidden-disabilities/|title=The Sunflower Lanyard for Hidden Disabilities|first1=Becca |last1=Bordner |first2=Rachel |last2=Piper |first3=Morgan |last3=Nicoll|date=28 March 2022 |website=Sunfield Center}}</ref>

Sunflowers were also used for cultural beliefs for many Native American Tribes. For the Hopi tribe, a big sunflower bloom meant there would be a good harvest year. The Teton Dakota tribe believed that when sunflowers were tall and blooming, it would be a good hunting season for buffalo. The Onandaga tribe had sunflowers in their creation story.<ref>United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS). (2000). Annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) [Plant guide HEAN3]. National Plant Data Center. https://plants.usda.gov
</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite journal |last1=Pope |first1=Kevin |last2=Pohl |first2=Mary E. D. |last3=Jones |first3=John G. |last4=Lentz |first4=David L. |last5=von Nagy |first5=Christopher |last6=Vega |first6=Francisco J. |last7=Quitmyer |first7=Irvy R. |date=18 May 2001 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5520/1370 |title=Origin and Environmental Setting of Ancient Agriculture in the Lowlands of Mesoamerica |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=292 |issue=5520 |pages=1370–1373 |doi=10.1126/science.292.5520.1370 |pmid=11359011 |bibcode=2001Sci...292.1370P |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book |last=Shosteck |first=Robert |year=1974 |title=Flowers and Plants: An International Lexicon with Biographical Notes |location=New York |publisher=Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co. |isbn=9780812904536}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Wood|first=Marcia |url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2002/jun/rubber |title=Sunflower Rubber? |magazine=Agricultural Research |publisher=USDA |date=June 2002 |access-date=2011-01-31 |page=22}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Sunflowers}}
* [http://www.sunflowernsa.com National Sunflower Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120820112751/http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/soybeans-oil-crops/sunflowerseed.aspx Sunflowerseed]—USDA Economic Research Service. Summary of sunflower production, trade, and consumption and links to relevant USDA reports.
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/sunflower.html Sunflower cultivation]—New Crop Resource Online Program, Purdue University

{{Bioenergy|state=collapsed}}
{{US state flowers}}
{{National symbols of Ukraine}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q171497}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Helianthus|annuus]]
[[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
[[Category:Flora of the United States]]
[[Category:Annual plants]]
[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
[[Category:Energy crops]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
[[Category:Phytoremediation plants]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Mesoamerica]]
[[Category:Crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America]]
[[Category:Plants used in Native American cuisine]]
[[Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine]]
[[Category:Pre-Columbian California cuisine]]
[[Category:Pre-Columbian Great Plains cuisine]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Symbols of Kansas]]
[[Category:National symbols of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Oil seeds]]
[[Category:Symbols of Tocantins]]

Putlibai Gandhi

2026-02-10T02:39:03Z

TeenaDease50: adjusted content based on references

{{short description|Mahatma Gandhi's mother}}
{{for|the female dacoit, often known by the epithet "Indian bandit queen"|Putlibai (dacoit)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Putlibai Gandhi
| image = Putlibai Gandhi.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1844}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Putlibai Gandhi|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Putlibai-Gandhi/6000000009016607497|access-date=2021-09-01|website=geni_family_tree|language=en-US}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Datrana]], [[Junagadh State]], [[Company rule in India|Company India]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Ramachandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XS7UAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22gandhi's+mother,+putlibai,+was+born+in+a+village+named+dantrana%22&pg=PP41|title=Gandhi before India|date=2014-10-15|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-322-8|language=en}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|1891|06|12|1844|df=yes}}
| known_for = Being the mother of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Karamchand Gandhi]]|1857}}
| children = {{hlist|Laxmidas|Karsandas|Raliatbehn|[[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas]]}}
}}

'''Putlibai Karamchand Gandhi''' (1844 – 12 June 1891) was the mother of Indian independence leader [[Mahatma Gandhi]].

She came from a village called Dantrana of the then-Junagadh State.

She was the 4th, and youngest, wife of the former Rajkot Dewan [[Karamchand Gandhi]]. She was twenty-two years younger<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohan |first=G. Ram |date=2015-08-25 |title=The meaning of celebrating Putlibai Day |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/the-meaning-of-celebrating-putlibai-day/article10331258.ece |access-date=2021-09-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> than Karamchand who she had married after his first two wives had died early in childbirth and the third was rendered childless. She bore four children to Karamchand Gandhi, [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas]] was her youngest son, who she affectionately called Monia.

She was a very religious woman, and practiced Hinduism<ref>{{Cite web|title=Putlibai {{!}} GANDHIJI|url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/gandhiji/03putlibai.htm|access-date=2021-09-01|website=www.mkgandhi.org}}</ref> by whom Mahatma Gandhi was schooled about his religion. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] wrote extensively about his mother and her conditions<ref>Guha 2015, p. 32</ref><ref name="Gandhi2006a">{{cite book |last=Rajmohan |first=Gandhi |author-link=Rajmohan Gahdhi |year=2006 |title=Gandhi: The Man, His People, and the Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC&pg=PA20 |pages=20–21 |isbn=978-0-520-25570-8 }}</ref> for him leaving India for England to pursue his education to become a barrister in his autobiography ''[[The Story of My Experiments with Truth]]''.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Putlibai}}
[[Category:Family of Mahatma Gandhi|Putlibai]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1844 births]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]

Praseetha Menon

2026-02-10T02:31:25Z

TeenaDease50: made basic entry nd citations

{{short description|Indian actress and comedian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Praseetha Menon
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Kochi, India]]
| birth_date =
| alma mater =
| parents =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actress]]|[[Comedian]]|[[Television presenter|Host]]}}
| years_active = 1988–present
}}

'''Praseetha Menon''' (born 1976) is an Indian [[actress]] and [[comedian]] who appears in [[Malayalam]] films, television and stage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=13 law graduates from Malayalam cinema|url=https://www.topmovierankings.com/top-list/13-law-graduates-from-malayalam-cinema/praseetha-menon---one-of-the-busiest-lawyers-in-kerala-1965|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Top Movie Rankings|language=en}}</ref> She made her acting debut through ''[[Moonnam Mura]]'' in 1988 as a child artist.<ref>{{Cite news|last=M|first=Athira|date=2013-12-19|title=Quick Five: Praseetha Menon - Flair for comedy|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/quick-five-praseetha-menon-flair-for-comedy/article5477991.ece|access-date=2021-02-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Career ==
She started her career as a mimicry artist at a young age and later became an actress. Praseetha has appeared in more than 35 Malayalam films in several character and comedy roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=തൊലിക്കട്ടി കൊണ്ട് മാത്രം ഉണ്ടാക്കിയ വിജയവുമായി പ്രസീത|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/women/interviews/praseetha-menon.html|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Manorama Online}}</ref> She came into limelight after started playing the role of Ammayi in [[Badai Bungalow]], a sketch comedy and celebrity talk show.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Ammayis in families have got a special place now because of my character : Praseetha Menon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/the-ammayis-in-families-have-got-a-special-place-now-because-of-my-character-praseetha-menon/articleshow/68252724.cms|access-date=2021-02-05|website=The Times of India|date=4 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/sinoj-varghese-gets-married-to-ammayi-on-badai-bungalow/articleshow/68256346.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Sinoj Varghese gets married to Ammayi on Badai Bungalow|date=4 March 2019 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"

|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
|-
| 1988|| [[Moonnam Mura]]||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1989|| [[Varavelpu]]||Sunitha
|-
| [[Ulsavapittennu]]||Nandini
|-
| [[Pradeshika Varthakal]]||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1990|| [[Pavam Pavam Rajakumaran]]||Gopalakrishnan's sister
|-
| [[Shubhayathra]]||Vishnu's sister
|-
| [[Kattukuthira]]||Sainu
|-
| [[Maalayogam]]||Mercey
|-
| [[Saandram]]||Sofiya Poulose
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1991|| [[Souhrudam]]||Sreelakshmi
|-
| [[Kasarkode Khaderbai]]||Praseetha
|-
| [[Aakasha Kottayile Sultan]]||Kasthuri
|-
| 1992|| [[Kudumbasametham]]||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1995|| [[Thacholi Varghese Chekavar]]||Varghese's sister
|-
| [[Mazhayethum Munpe]]||Kunjumol
|-
| [[Puthukkottayile Puthumanavalan]]||Sumathi
|-
| 1997|| [[Ishtadanam]]||Gouri
|-
| 1998|| [[Punjabi House]]||Cook
|-
| 1999|| [[Pathram]]||Monica David Sabhapathy
|-
| 2000|| [[Darling Darling (2000 film)|Darling Darling]]||Shalini
|-
| 2001|| [[Ee Parakkum Thalika]]||TV Host
|-
| 2002|| Kaalachakram||Renuka George
|-
| 2004|| [[Vellinakshatram (2004 film)|Vellinakshatram]]||Sakunthaladevi Thampuratti
|-
| 2007|| [[Hallo (film)|Hallo]]|| Chidambaram's second wife
|-
| 2010|| [[Kaaryasthan]]||Herself
|-
| 2012|| [[Chettayees]]|| Indumathi
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2013|| [[Crocodile Love Story]]||Sreeraj's mother
|-
| [[Idukki Gold (film)|Idukki Gold]]|| Manju
|-
| [[Rebecca Uthup Kizhakkemala]]|| Kochu Mary
|-
| 2015|| [[Rockstar (2015 film)|Rockstar]]|| Meenamma
|-
| 2017|| [[Aby (film)|Aby]]|| Sathi
|-
| 2018|| [[Mohanlal (film)|Mohanlal]]|| Ammini
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019|| Oru Kadatunadan Katha|| Akkama
|-
| [[Stand Up (2019 film)|Stand Up]]||Constable Sini
|-
| 2025|| [[The Pet Detective]]||Lolitha
|-
|}

==TV Serials/Shows==
* Mohapakshikal
* Priyam
* Sthree
* Manchiyam
* Padmasree Padmavathi
* [[Badai Bungalow]]
* [[Cinemala]]
* Comedy Show
* Super Challenge
* Star Trek
* Playback
* Comedy Super Show
* Cinima Chirima
* Vanitha
* Annies Kitchen

==Play==
The Island of Blood

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menon, Praseetha}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]

Hajjam

2026-02-07T00:36:24Z

TeenaDease50: rework intro for consistency and corrected details

{{short description|Ethnic group in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}

{{infobox ethnic group|
| group = Hijama
| popplace = India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan
| langs = [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| rels = [[Islam]]
| related = [[Saifi]], [[Shaikhs in South Asia|Shaikh]]
| native_name = Salmani and Turkia
| native_name_lang =
}}

'''Hajjam''' are an ethnic group in the [[Indian subcontinent]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Nagendra Kr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EMTXAAAAMAAJ&q=Hajjam+Muslim |title=Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities |last2=Khan |first2=Abdul Mabud |date=2001 |publisher=Global Vision |isbn=978-81-87746-05-8 |pages=504–8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTlxqSca3rEC&q=hajjam+muslim |title=People of India: Karnataka |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-85938-98-1 |pages=574–7 |language=en}}</ref> known for practicing [[cupping therapy]], also known as''''' Hijama'''''. The word Hijama has been derived from the [[Arabic]] word {{lang|ar|Al Hajm}}, means "sucking", referring to this therapy. A practitioner was called a ''Hijama'' in [[Arabs|Arab countries]], and the name was used in India as well.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Qureshi |first1=Naseem Akhtar |last2=Ali |first2=Gazzaffi Ibrahim |last3=Abushanab |first3=Tamer Shaban |last4=El-Olemy |first4=Ahmed Tawfik |last5=Alqaed |first5=Meshari Saleh |last6=El-Subai |first6=Ibrahim S. |last7=Al-Bedah |first7=Abdullah M.N. |date=May 2017 |title=History of cupping ( Hijama ): a narrative review of literature |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S209549641760339X |journal=Journal of Integrative Medicine |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=172–181 |doi=10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60339-X |pmid=28494847 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{Verify source|date=August 2021}}

They are on the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] list of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Backward Classes {{!}} Directorate of Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes, Government of Haryana |url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/reservation-in-haryana/list-of-backward-classes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424045832/http://haryanascbc.gov.in/reservation-in-haryana/list-of-backward-classes |archive-date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2025-08-03 |website=haryanascbc.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes: Himachal Pradesh |url=http://ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/HimachalPradesh.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227014116/https://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/himachalpradesh.pdf |archive-date=27 Feb 2012 |access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref>

==The Hajjam in Nepal==
The [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] of Nepal classifies the Hajjam (called Hajam in the Nepal census) as a subgroup within the broader social group of [[Madheshi people|Madheshi]] Other Caste.<ref>[https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II]</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Nepal census]], 117,758 people (0.4% of the population of Nepal) were Hajjam. The frequency of Hajjam by province was as follows:
* [[Madhesh Province]] (1.4%)
* [[Lumbini Province]] (0.5%)
* [[Koshi Province]] (0.3%)
* [[Bagmati Province]] (0.1%)
* [[Gandaki Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Karnali Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Sudurpashchim Province]] (0.0%)

The frequency of Hajjam was higher than national average (0.4%) in the following districts:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |title=2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report |access-date=13 April 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314170005/https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Saptari District|Saptari]] (1.5%)
* [[Dhanusha District|Dhanusha]] (1.4%)
* [[Parsa District|Parsa]] (1.4%)
* [[Rautahat District|Rautahat]] (1.4%)
* [[Siraha District|Siraha]] (1.4%)
* [[Mahottari District|Mahottari]] (1.3%)
* [[Sarlahi District|Sarlahi]] (1.3%)
* [[Bara District|Bara]] (1.2%)
* [[Kapilvastu District|Kapilvastu]] (1.1%)
* [[Banke District|Banke]] (0.9%)
* [[Parasi District|Parasi]] (0.9%)
* [[Rupandehi District|Rupandehi]] (0.8%)
* [[Morang District|Morang]] (0.6%)
* [[Sunsari District|Sunsari]] (0.5%)

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Nepal]]

Nair temple

2026-01-24T03:18:55Z

TeenaDease50: Created basic location basic info!

{{short description|Hindu temple in India}}
[[File:Buddhist pillared temple in Nair between Patna and Gaya.jpg|thumb|Pillared temple in Nair between [[Patna]] and [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], with pillar capital arrangement.]]
[[File:Nair temple side.jpg|thumb|Side of the temple portico, with mound of the crumbled structure.]]
The '''Nair temple''' is a ruined pillared temple at the location of Nair, on the road between [[Patna]] and [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], west of [[Dharawat]]. It is about 20 miles from Gaya.<ref name="auto">[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/b/019pho0000125s1u00065000.html British Library Online]</ref>

The temple consists of three rows of monolithic pillars, ten pillars in each row. In the front of the temple there is a further row of four pillars.<ref name="auto"/>

According to Thomas Fraser Peppé, who photographed it in 1870: "The temple behind consists of brick and mud cement, but very little of it is now standing; the superstructure is entirely gone, and none of the temples of this form are sufficiently complete to allow a conjecture as to their original form. The roof of the portico and the shrine is composed of large granite slabs, a linga now occupies the shrine, and there is a mutilated figure of [[Ganesh]] lying outside. Judging by the size of the mound, and the part of the shrine remaining, the temple must have been a lofty one...".<ref name="auto"/>

The pillars are made of [[granite]] in one block. They form a portico which is still standing in front of the temple.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MENQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA50 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 35, Partie 1, p.50]</ref>

This temple is said to be similar to the temple of Poonawa, 14 miles east of Gaya.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MENQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA59 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 35, Partie 1, p.59]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Bihar]]

Multiple rocket launcher

2026-01-23T04:19:44Z

TeenaDease50: updated section per sources and updated info

{{Short description|Rocket artillery system with multiple launchers}}
{{Redirect|MLRS|the U.S. Army system known as "MLRS"|M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2014}}
[[File:HIMARS - missile launched.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|[[M142 HIMARS]] launching a GMLRS rocket at the White Sands Missile Range in 2005]]
A '''multiple rocket launcher''' ('''MRL''') or '''multiple launch rocket system''' ('''MLRS''') is a type of [[rocket artillery]] system that contains multiple [[rocket launcher|launcher]]s which are fixed to a single [[weapons platform|platform]], and shoots its [[rocket (weapon)|rocket ordnance]] in a fashion similar to a [[volley gun]]. Rockets are self-propelled in flight and have different capabilities than conventional [[artillery]] [[shell (projectile)|shell]]s, such as longer [[effective range]], lower [[recoil]], typically considerably higher [[payload]] than a similarly sized gun artillery platform, or even carrying multiple [[warhead]]s.

Unguided rocket artillery is notoriously inaccurate and slow to reload compared to gun artillery. A multiple rocket launcher helps compensate for this with its ability to launch multiple rockets in rapid succession, which, coupled with the large [[blast radius|kill zone]] of each warhead, can easily deliver [[saturation fire]] over a target area. However, modern rockets can use [[GPS]] or [[inertial guidance]] to combine the advantages of rockets with the higher accuracy of [[precision-guided munition]]s.

==History==
[[File:11th century basketry fire arrow rocket launcher.jpg|thumb|left|An illustration of a handheld multiple rocket launcher constructed of basketry, as depicted in the 11th century book [[Wujing Zongyao]] of the [[Song dynasty]]]]
[[Image:Hwacha.jpg|thumb|Korean [[Joseon]] ''[[hwacha]]'' multiple rocket launcher (designed in 1409) in a museum]]
The first multiple rocket launchers, known as [[Huo Che]], were invented during the medieval Chinese [[Song dynasty]], in which the Chinese [[fire lance]] was fixed backward on a pike or arrow and shot at an enemy as early as 1180.<ref name=James>{{Cite book |title=Ancient Inventions |last1=James |first1=Peter J. |last2=Thorpe |first2=Nick |last3=Thorpe |first3=I. J. |publisher=Ballantine Books |year=1995 |isbn=978-0345401021 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ancientinvention00jame/page/238 238] |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientinvention00jame/page/238 }}</ref> This form of rocket was used during the [[Siege of Kaifeng (1232)]].<ref name=Gruntman>{{Cite book |title=Blazing the Trail: The Early History of Spacecraft and Rocketry |last=Gruntman |first=Mike |author-link=Mike Gruntman |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics |year=2005 |isbn=978-1563477058 |pages=5–6}}</ref>

Chinese militaries later created multiple rocket launchers that fired up to 100 small fire-arrow rockets simultaneously. The typical powder section of the arrow-rockets was 1/3 to 1/2 ft (10 to 15 cm) long. Bamboo arrow shafts varied from 1.5 ft (45 cm) to 2.5 ft (75 cm) long and the striking distance reached 300 to 400 paces. The Chinese also enhanced rocket tips with poison and made sure that the launchers were mobile. They designed a multiple rocket launcher to be carried and operated by a single soldier.<ref name=Gruntman /> Various forms of MRLs evolved, including a launcher mounted on a wheelbarrow.<ref name=James />

The [[Joseon dynasty]] of Korea used an expanded variant of such a launcher (called a ''[[hwacha]]'') made of 100 to 200 holes containing rocket arrows placed on a two-wheeled cart. The range of the fired arrows is estimated to have been 2,000 meters. The ''hwacha'' was used to great effect against invading armies during the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)|Japanese invasions of 1592–1598]], most notably the [[Battle of Haengju]],<ref>{{Cite book |title=What Life was Like in the Land of the Dragon |publisher=Time-Life |edition=1st |date=1998 |isbn=978-0783554587}}</ref> in which 40 hwachas were deployed to repel 30,000 Japanese soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tools of War: History of Weapons in Early Modern Times |last=Ramsey |first=Syed |publisher=Alpha Edition |year=2016 |isbn=978-9386101679 |page=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkk5DAAAQBAJ&dq=%22hwacha%22+%22choi%22&pg=PT72 }}</ref>

European armies preferred relatively large single-launch rockets prior to World War II. Napoleonic armies of both sides followed the British adoption of [[Mysorean rockets]] as the [[Congreve rocket]]. These were explosive steel-cased bombardment rockets with minimal launchers. European navies developed naval multiple launcher mounts with steadily improving explosive rockets for light and coastal vessels. These weapons were largely replaced by conventional light artillery during the late nineteenth century.

[[File:Rocket warfare.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A painting showing the British forces confronted with [[Mysorean rockets]]]]

===World War II===
[[File:Katyusha Rocket Launcher - Artillery Museum - St. Petersburg - Russia.jpg|thumb|BM-13 [[Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha]] (in service since 1941)]]
[[Image:T-34-rocket-launcher-France.jpg|thumb|American [[T34 Calliope]] (designed in 1943) in action]]
[[File:The British Army in Normandy 1944 B9593.jpg|thumb|A German Panzerwerfer [[Sd.Kfz. 4]] captured by the British during the [[Invasion of Normandy]] in 1944]]
[[File:385th Guards Artillery Brigade's 9K57 Uragan firing at the Totsky training ground (23-08-2018).webm|300px|thumb|Video of firing [[BM-27 Uragan]] in Russian service, 23 August 2018]]

The first [[self-propelled artillery|self-propelled]] MRLs—and arguably the most famous—was the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Katyusha rocket launcher|BM-13 Katyusha]], first used during [[World War II]] and exported to Soviet allies afterwards. They were simple systems in which a rack of launch rails was mounted on the back of a truck. This set the template for modern MRLs. The Americans mounted tubular launchers atop [[M4 Sherman]] tanks to create the [[T34 Calliope]] rocket launching tank, only used in small numbers, as their closest equivalent to the Katyusha. The Germans began using a towed six-tube multiple rocket launcher during World War II, the [[15 cm Nebelwerfer 41|Nebelwerfer]], called the "Screaming Mimi" by the Allies. The system was developed before the war to skirt the limitations of the Treaty of Versailles. Later in the war, 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41s were mounted on modified Opel Maultier "Mule" halftracks, becoming [[Panzerwerfer]] 42 4/1s. Another version produced in limited numbers towards the end of the war was a conversion of the [[Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper]] ("heavy military transport", sWS) halftrack to a configuration similar to the Panzerwerfer 42 4/1, mounting the 10-barreled 15 cm Nebelwerfer.

Another German halftrack MRL system was inspired by the Russian BM-13. Keeping the Soviet 82 mm rocket caliber as well as the launch and rocket stabilisation designs, it was developed into a system of two rows of 12 guide rails mounted to a [[Maultier]] chassis, each row providing the capacity for 24 rockets, underslung as well as on top of the rails, for 48 rockets total. This vehicle was designated [[8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer]] (8 cm multiple rocket launcher). As the launch system was inspired by and looked similar to the BM-13, which the Germans had nicknamed "''Stalin-Orgel''" or "Stalin-Organ", the Vielfachwerfer soon became known as the "''Himmler-Orgel''", or "Himmler-Organ".

==Types==

There are two main types of MRLs:
* With tubes or pipes, usually made of steel, non-removable from launcher, with options to be reloaded on the battlefield with rockets loaded manually or semi-automatically. This was the most usual type until the 21st century. It is more convenient for battlefield usage because it does not require special tools to reload modules and test them before using them on launchers as with other types.
* With containers, pods or modules that can be removed from the launcher and quickly replaced with same or different types of rockets and calibers. They are usually reloaded at a factory or within specially-equipped army workshops. These are more modern types of weapons as they are not necessarily related to just one type of rocket and give more options to commanders in the field to deal with different tactical situations using different types of rockets or to quickly reload. They are also easier to upgrade for different types of rockets.

==Current usage==

Like all artillery, MRLs have a reputation of devastating morale on ill-disciplined or already-shaken troops.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prenatt |first1=Jamie |title=Katyusha Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941-Present |date=2016 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |pages=4}}</ref> The material effect depends on circumstances, as well-covered field fortifications may provide reasonable protection.
[[File:Syrian Opposition Forces with Multiple Rocket Launcher Systems (cropped).png|thumb| Multiple Rocket Launcher System used by the Syrian Opposition Forces in July 2017]]
MRLs are still unable to properly engage reverse slope positions in [[mountain warfare]] because it is more difficult to determine the trajectory compared to that of a [[howitzer]] by adding or removing propellant increments. Simple MRL rocket types have a rather long minimum firing range for the same reason. An approach to lessen this limit is the addition of drag rings to the rocket nose. The increased drag slows the rocket down relative to a clean configuration and creates a less flat trajectory. Pre-packaged MRL munitions do not offer this option but some MRL types with individually loaded rockets do.<ref>Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011-2012 data sheets</ref>

Improvised MRLs based on helicopter or aircraft-mounted rocket pods (typically of 57–80{{spaces}}mm caliber) especially on light trucks and pickups (so-called "[[Technical (vehicle)|technical]]s") are often seen in civil wars when rebels make use of captured launchers and munitions.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.armamentresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ARES-Research-Report-No.-1-S-5-Rockets-in-Land-Warfare.pdf |title=Improvised Employment of S-5 Air-to-Surface Rockets in Land Warfare: A brief history and technical appraisal |date=2014 |publisher=Armament Research Services |access-date=2014-08-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924204548/http://www.armamentresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ARES-Research-Report-No.-1-S-5-Rockets-in-Land-Warfare.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-24 }}</ref>

Modern MRL systems can use modern land navigation (especially [[satellite navigation]] such as GPS) for quick and accurate positioning. The accurate determination of the battery position previously required such effort that making a dispersed operation of the battery was at times impractical. MRL systems with GPS can have their MRLs dispersed and fire from various positions at a single target, just as previously multiple batteries were often united on one target area.

Radar may be used to track [[weather balloon]]s to determine winds or to track special rockets that self-destruct in the air. The tracking allows determination of the influence of winds and propellant temperatures on the rockets' flight paths. These observations can then be factored into the firing solution for the rocket salvo for effect. Such tracking radars can also be used to predict the range error of individual rockets. Trajectory-correcting munitions may then benefit from this, as a directional radio may send a coded message to the rocket to deploy air brakes at just the right time to correct most of the range error. This requires that the rockets were originally aimed too far, as the range can only be shortened by the air brakes, not extended.

A more sophisticated system makes use of radar data and a one-way radio datalink to initiate a two dimensional (range and [[azimuth]]) correction of the rocket's flight path with steering by fins or nose thrusters. The latter is more common with systems which can be used to upgrade old rockets and the IMI [[ACCULAR]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Richardson |first=Doug |url=http://www.imi-israel.com/vault/documents/accular.pdf |title=Israel Military Industries exhibits reborn Accular guided rocket |access-date=2014-08-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715052614/http://www.imi-israel.com/vault/documents/accular.pdf |archive-date=2015-07-15 }}</ref> is an example.

[[File:Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-1).jpg|thumb|Heavy flamethrower system [[TOS-1|TOS-1A]] MRL capable of using [[thermobaric weapon|thermobaric warheads]], mounted on a T-72 tank chassis, in action]]

Fin-stabilised rockets also allow for easy course corrections using rudders or minute charges. [[Precision-guided munitions]] have been introduced to exploit this. Guidance principles such as satellite navigation, [[inertial navigation system]]s and [[semi-active laser seeker]]s are used for this. This improves dispersion from a [[Circular error probability|CEP]] of hundreds of meters at dozens of kilometers' range to just a few meters and largely independent of the range of the round (except for INS, as INS navigation creates a small dispersion that is about proportional to range). This in turn made great increases of rocket (or missile) ranges useful; previously dispersion had made rockets too inefficient and often too dangerous to friendly troops at long ranges.
Long-range MRL missiles often fly a higher quasi-ballistic trajectory than shorter-ranged rockets and thus pose a de-confliction challenge, as they might collide with friendly aircraft in the air.

The differences between an MRL missile and a large anti-tank guided missile, such as the [[Nimrod (missile)|Nimrod]], have blurred due to guided MRL missiles such as the [[M31 GMLRS]] (guided unitary multiple launch rocket system), which passed flight tests in 2014.<ref name=lm201408>{{cite press release|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/GuidedUnitaryMLRSRocket.html |title=Guided MLRS Unitary Rocket |publisher=Lockheed Martin|date=11 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811224004/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/GuidedUnitaryMLRSRocket.html |archive-date=2014-08-11 }}</ref>

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Cake (firework)}}
* [[List of rocket artillery]]
* [[List of U.S. Army rocket launchers]]
* [[Rouketopolemos]]
* [[Transporter erector launcher]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{commons category|Multiple rocket launchers}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:12th-century inventions]]
[[Category:Chinese inventions]]
[[Category:Multiple rocket launchers| ]]
[[Category:Self-propelled rocket launchers]]
[[Category:Military history of the Song dynasty]]
[[Category:Crew served weapons]]
[[Category:Science and technology of the Song dynasty]]

Sovan Chatterjee

2026-01-22T21:12:08Z

TeenaDease50: cleanup information

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sovan Chatterjee
| native_name = শোভন চট্টোপাধ্যায়
| image = Sovan Chatterjee - Kolkata 2015-10-22 6615.JPG
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|07|07|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Sovan Chatterjee Wiki, Age, Bio, Height, Wife, net Worth, Assets|url=https://india2017.co.in/sovan-chatterjee-wiki-age-bio-height-wife-net-worth-assets.html|publisher=India 2017|access-date=11 June 2017}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Chairman of New Town Kolkata Development Authority
| term_start = 17 October 2025
| predecessor = [[Alapan Bandyopadhyay]]
| office1 = 37th [[Mayor of Kolkata]]
| deputy1 = * Farzana Alam (2010-15)
* [[Iqbal Ahmed]] (2015-18)
| term_start1 = 16 June 2010
| term_end1 = 22 November 2018
| predecessor1 = [[Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mayors of Kolkata|url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/MayorsKolkata.jsp|publisher=KMC Gov|access-date=11 June 2017}}</ref>
| successor1 = [[Firhad Hakim]]
| office2 = Minister of Fire & Engineering [[Government of West Bengal]]
| constituency2 = [[Behala Purba]]
| term_start2 = 2016
| term_end2 = 2018
| predecessor2 = Kumkum Chakraborti
| successor2 = [[Sujit Bose (politician)|Sujit Bose]]
| office3 = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Councillor, Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
| constituency3 = [[Ward No. 131, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward No. 131]]
| term_start3 = 1985
| term_end3 = 2022
| predecessor3 = Sova Ghosh
| successor3 = Ratna Chatterjee
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]] {{small|(1998–2019, 2025–present)}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(2019–2021)}} [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(1985–1998)}}
| otherparty =
| spouse =
| college =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| faculty =
| website =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Sovan Chatterjee''' (born 7 July 1964) is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a former member of [[Indian National Congress]], [[Trinamool Congress]], and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He has also served as the [[Mayor of Kolkata]]. Chatterjee served as a [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] (KMC) councilor since 1985. In 2019, he joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], and left in 2021. He rejoined TMC officially on 3 November 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-11-03 |title=Sovan Chatterjee returns to TMC after seven years |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/sovan-chatterjee-returns-to-tmc-after-seven-years/article70235953.ece |access-date=2025-11-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Political career==
Chatterjee, a councillor in the KMC since 1985, also served as a mayor in council from 2000 to 2005, of the corporation.<ref name="SC"/> Chatterjee won the [[Behala Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Behala Purba seat]] in the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 West Bengal Assembly election]],<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 West Bengal Assembly election result|url=http://bengali.oneindia.com/behala-purba-election-results-2011-153.html|publisher=One India}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which he retained in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Behala Purba Assembly Election result|url=http://infoelections.com/infoelection/electionresult/index.php/home/state-assembly-constituency/west-bengal-election-result/775-BEHALA_PURBAassembly_election_result_2016.html|publisher=Info Elections|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref>

=== Mayor of Kolkata ===
In 2010, he was appointed the mayor of Kolkata by his party [[Trinamool Congress]], with Farzana Alam being appointed his deputy.<ref name="SC">{{cite web|title=Sovan Chatterjee to be new Kolkata mayor|url=http://hindustantimes.com/india/sovan-chatterjee-to-be-new-kolkata-mayor/story-Qx2KVMf8llpu5bOKv4s0kM.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=6 June 2010 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref> He resigned from the mayor post on 22 November 2018.

===Cabinet Minister===
Chatterjee was made a cabinet minister in 2016. Former mayor [[Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya]] said that there was no provision in the law that prevents a mayor from holding a ministerial berth.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mayor Sovan Chatterjee in Mamata's cabinet: Is it legal?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Mayor-Sovan-Chatterjee-in-Mamatas-cabinet-Is-it-legal/articleshow/52456213.cms|work=Times of India|date=26 May 2016 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref> With the decline in supply of cattle, India's first fully automated slaughterhouse (in Tangra area) was shut down in May 2017. Chatterjee reacted by saying that he would examine the matter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Supply falls, Kolkata shuts India's first fully automated abattoir|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/supply-falls-kmc-shuts-indias-first-fully-automated-abattoir/articleshow/58918700.cms|work=Times of India|date=31 May 2017 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>

In December 2016, Chatterjee became the first mayor of any city in India to get [[Security categories in India|Z-plus security]] cover (the highest level of security cover in India). In that category, he would get security cover by [[National Security Guard]] commandos.<ref>{{cite web|title=Z+ cover for mayor, Abhishek Banerjee|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Z-cover-for-mayor-Abhishek-Banerjee/articleshow/55828708.cms|work=Times of India|date=6 December 2016 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>

In November 2014, Chatterjee was announced as the mayoral candidate of his party for the civic polls which were to be held in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sovan Chatterjee to be TMC's mayoral candidate for KMC elections|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Sovan-Chatterjee-to-be-TMCs-mayoral-candidate-for-KMC-elections/articleshow/45068031.cms|work=Times of India|date=7 November 2014 |access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref> He was reappointed the mayor of the city in May, as his party won the polls.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sovan Chatterjee back as Kolkata mayor|url=http://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/sovan-chatterjee-back-as-kolkata-mayor-62290.html|work=The Statesman|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref>

===Career In BJP===
On 22 November 2018, he resigned from the mayor post of Kolkata Municipal Corporation. He later joined BJP on 14 August 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/trinamool-mla-sovan-chatterjee-likely-to-join-bjp-today-2084952%3famp=1&akamai-rum=off|title=Sovan Chatterjee joins BJP}}</ref> He was the observer of Kolkata Zone for West Bengal [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He left BJP in 2021.

===Rejoining TMC===

On 15 October 2025, he met with West Bengal CM and TMC supremo Mamata Banerjee in Derjeeling . He had also met Banerjee's nephew Abhishek Banerjee few week before. Two days after, on October 15, he was appointed as the Chairman of Newtown Kolkata Development Authority [NKDA] by a Government order.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Shrabana |date=2025-10-19 |title=Sovan Chatterjee's new Kolkata civic body post after 7 years reignites talk of Trinamool truce |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/sovan-chatterjees-new-kolkata-civic-body-post-after-7-years-reignites-talk-of-trinamool-truce/article70179103.ece |access-date=2025-11-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> After this, a rumor spread about his rejoining in TMC. Lastly he officially rejoined TMC on 3 November 2025.<ref name=":0" />

== Personal life ==
[[File:Baishakhi Banerjee And Sovan Chatterjee - Kolkata 2023-12-05 8497.jpg|thumb|right|Sovan Chatterjee and Baisakhi Banerjee at the 29th Kolkata International Film Festival, 2023]]
Sovan Chatterjee married [[Ratna Chatterjee|Ratna]], daughter of [[Dulal Chandra Das]], in 2001. They have a son, Saptarshi.

Since 2018, Chatterjee has been estranged from his wife. He filed for divorce, citing her alleged extramarital affair with her business partner Abhijit Ganguly, which Ratna denied. Ratna has refused to grant Sovan a divorce.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.sangbadpratidin.in/article/baisakhi-banerjee-submitted-affidavit-in-alipore-court-in-sovan-chatterjees-divorce-case/797634|title=শোভনের বিবাহবিচ্ছেদের মামলায় প্রধান সাক্ষী বৈশাখী, 'ডিভোর্স দেব না', পালটা রত্নার}}</ref> Citing threats to his life from Ratna, Sovan left his Behala residence and now lives in a Golpark flat with Baisakhi Banerjee, a university lecturer and member of TMC's teachers' unit, with whom he has been having an extramarital affair since 2009.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} Ratna has blamed Baisaikhi (who left her husband within two months of their marriage to live with Sovan) for instigating trouble in their married life. Sovan was reportedly displeased when Dulal Chandra Das was fielded as TMC's candidate for bypolls to the [[Maheshtala (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maheshtala seat]] in 2018, which he interpreted as party supremo [[Mamata Banerjee]] siding with his wife. In November 2018, Mamata Banerjee also made Sovan resign as a minister in her cabinet and as mayor of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] because his marital problems were affecting his work,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mayors-marital-troubles-give-kolkata-reality-show/articleshow/66742872.cms|title=Mayor's Marital Troubles Give Kolkata Reality Show|work=The Times of India |date=22 November 2018 }}</ref> which caused him to further distance himself from the party. In August 2019, Sovan and Baisakhi joined BJP,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-15 |title=Former Kolkata mayor Sovan Chatterjee joins BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/former-kolkata-mayor-sovan-chatterjee-joins-bjp-5906172/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> while Ratna continued to remain in TMC. Sovan has not been very active in the party, citing its lack of respect for Baisakhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/baisakhi-banerjee-showed-anger-as-she-was-not-invited-by-bjp-in-sovon-chatterjees-welcome-event/articleshow/70753242.cms|title=শোভনের সংবর্ধনায় আমন্ত্রিত নন, রাজ্য বিজেপির উপর ক্ষুব্ধ বৈশাখী|work=Eisamay }}</ref> In [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|the 2021 state elections]], TMC fielded Ratna Chatterjee as its candidate from Sovan's erstwhile seat of [[Behala Purba Assembly constituency|East Behala]]. Sovan wanted to be fielded there as the BJP candidate, but the party refused and instead planned to field him in the neighbouring seat of [[Behala Paschim Assembly constituency|West Behala]]. Citing this and the party's refusal to make Baisakhi a candidate in the elections, Sovan quit the BJP alongside Baisakhi on 14 March 2021, two weeks before polling began.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eisamay.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/news/dilip-ghosh-speaks-on-sovan-chatterjee-baisakhi-banerjee-resignation-from-bjp/articleshow/81507066.cms|title=BJP ছাড়লেন শোভন-বৈশাখী! মুখ খুললেন দিলীপ|date=15 March 2021 }}</ref>

After Sovan was arrested over the Narada sting operation, Baisakhi was recorded by the media crying before the security guards of [[Alipore Jail]] to allow her to meet him. They refused on the grounds that she was not related to him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/narada-scam-friend-of-jailed-leader-baisakhi-banerjee-breaks-down/articleshow/82723634.cms|title='ওষুধটুকু দিতে দিন', জেল ফটক ধরে হাপুস নয়নে কান্না বৈশাখীর}}</ref> Sovan refused to meet with Ratna, who was allowed to meet him in jail.

Sovan has made Baisakhi his legal heir, displacing his wife and son.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/west-bengal/sovan-chatterjee-says-he-has-transferred-all-his-properties-to-baishakhi-banerjees-name-in-a-legal-way-dgtl/cid/1287301|title=স্থাবর-অস্থাবর সম্পত্তি বৈশাখীর নামে লিখে দিয়েছেন, ঘোষণা করলেন শোভন}}</ref>

== Views ==
=== Bhangar Power Grid ===
Chatterjee supports the restoration work of building the Bhangar Power Grid, which was stopped due to the protests of villagers over the acquisition of land. He said that outsiders with vested interests were hindering development.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sovan bats for restoration of work at Bhangar power grid|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/kolkata-243612|work=Millennium Post|date=24 May 2017 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>

=== Water crisis ===
In May 2017, there were reports of water crisis in South Kolkata. Areas affected included Garden Reach, Watgunj, Kidderpore. [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] councillors boycotted a monthly meeting of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation to protest against the body's inability to solve the issue. About the complaints, Chatterjee said that the opposition was making a "mountain out of a molehill".<ref>{{cite web|title=Severe water crisis in south Kolkata area|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/severe-water-crisis-in-south-kolkata-area/articleshow/58703306.cms|work=Times of India|date=16 May 2017 |access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>

==Controversies==
On 17 May 2021, he, along with senior minister in the [[Mamata Banerjee]] cabinet, [[Subrata Mukherjee]], MLA and former minister [[Madan Mitra]] and [[Firhad Hakim]] were arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] from their house in connection with the [[Narada sting operation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Narada bribery case: 2 ministers, 1 MLA arrested, Mamata rushes to CBI office|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/firhad-hakim-among-tmc-leaders-detained-by-cbi-in-narada-case-7318174/|work=[[Indian Express]]|access-date=17 May 2021|date=17 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|https://www.sovanchatterjee.org/}}
* [https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/Mayor'sDesk.jsp Mayor's desk, KMC Official Website]

{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatterjee, Sovan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri Law College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Mayors of Kolkata]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Members of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]

Mathilukal

2026-01-15T05:48:55Z

TeenaDease50: reworked content also and updated info

{{short description|Novel by Vaikkom Muhammed Basheer}}
{{For|the film based on the novel|Mathilukal (film){{!}}''Mathilukal'' (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Mathilukal
| title_orig = മതിലുകൾ
| translator =
| image = mathilukalbook.jpg
| caption = The cover of ''Mathilukal''.
| author = [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| genre = [[Romance novel|Romance]], [[patriotic]]
| publisher = [[DC Books]]<ref>[http://dcbookshop.net/php/bookSearchResult.php?val=Mathilukal&type=BUK "''Mathikal'' by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer"]. [[DC Books]]. Retrieved 2010-12-27</ref>
| release_date = 1965<ref>R.E.Asher. 24 January 1998. [http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1502/15020840.htm "Basheer and the freedom struggle"]. ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]''. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 2010-12-27.</ref>
| english_release_date =
| media_type =
| pages =
| isbn =
}}
'''''Mathilukal''''' ([[Malayalam]]: മതിലുകൾ, [[Literally|lit.]] "''Walls"'') is a [[Malayalam]] novel written by [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] in 1965.<ref name="Novel">P.K.Ajith Kumar. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121108145954/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/05/14/stories/2010051451370300.htm "Romantic interlude"]. ''The Hindu''. 14 May 2010.</ref>

==Theme==
The theme of the novel, focuses on the love between Basheer, a prisoner, and a female inmate of the prison, who remains unseen throughout the novel.<ref name="Play">K.Rajan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080318181844/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/03/14/stories/2008031450120300.htm "Of human bondage"]. ''The Hindu''. 14 March 2008</ref> In ''Mathilukal'', though the broad frame is autobiographical and the narration is [[First-person narrative|first person]], the details
seem to contain sprinkles of fantasy.<ref>P.M.Girish. [http://www.languageinindia.com/march2008/pmgirishtextreading.pdf "A Brief Examination of Three Widely-Acclaimed Malayalam Novels"]. Languageinindia.com. 3 March 2008.</ref>

==Translations==
* ''Voices; The Walls''. Translated by V. Abdulla. [[Bombay]]: [[Orient Longman]]. 1976.
* ''Walls''. Translated by Nivedita Menon. [[New Delhi]]: ''Katha''. 1996. pp. 43–72.

==Film adaptation==
{{Main|Mathilukal (film)}}
In 1989, a film adaptation of the novel was released, starring [[Mammootty]] as [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] and [[K.P.A.C Lalitha]] as Narayani (voice only), and directed by [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]]. The film was a major critical success, and gained many awards at national and international levels. Mammootty won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ingoodbooks.com/84/mathilukal-the-walls-by-vaikom-mohammad-basheer/ Book review by Susan Mathen of Ingoodbooks.com] ({{Rating|4.5|5}})

{{Basheer}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Novels by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographical novels]]
[[Category:Indian romance novels]]
[[Category:Indian novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Malayalam novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in India]]
[[Category:Novels set in the 1940s]]
[[Category:DC Books books]]
[[Category:1965 Indian novels]]

{{1960s-romance-novel-stub}}

Murshid (TV series)

2026-01-12T20:03:55Z

TeenaDease50: Created a data first draft!

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language web-series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = MURSHID poster.jpeg
| caption =
| genre =
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = [[Shravan Tiwari]]
| screenplay =
| director = [[Shravan Tiwari]]
| starring = [[Kay Kay Menon]] [[Tanuj Virwani]] [[Anang Desai]] [[Rajesh Shringarpure]] [[Karmveer Choudhary]]
| music = Kunal Karan
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 7
| executive_producer =
| producer = Sachin Bansal, Sandip Patel
| editor =
| cinematography = Parvez Pathan Ranjit Sahu
| company = Fathom Pictures Pramukh Film Production House
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Start date|2024|08|30|df=y}}
}}

'''''Murshid''''' is [[Hindi Language |Hindi]] [[crime thriller]] series directed by [[Shravan Tiwari]] and produced by Sachin Bansal, Sandip Patel for [[ZEE5]]. The series features [[Kay Kay Menon]] in a titular role.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Kay Kay Menon starrer series 'Murshid' to be out on this date, trailer unveiled |url= https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/out-of-box/kay-kay-menon-starrer-series-murshid-to-be-out-on-this-date-trailer-unveiled20240820144520/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=ANI |language=en}}</ref> Murshid also stars [[Tanuj Virwani]],<ref>{{Cite web |title= Okay if there is Kay Kay |url= https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/tanuj-virwani-agreed-to-do-murshid-because-of-kay-kay-menon-23379243 |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=MidDay |date= 23 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Jameel Chaudhary, [[Zakir Hussain (actor) | Zakir Hussain]], [[Anang Desai]], Karamveer Choudhary, Vedika Bhandari, and [[Rajesh Shringarpure]]. The series was released on 30 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Murshid: Kay Kay Menon's latest series to premiere on Aug 30' |url= https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/ott/murshid-kay-kay-menons-latest-series-to-premiere-on-aug-30-1503333785.html |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=TheStatesman.com |date= 20 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title= Latest OTT releases this week: 13 new movies and TV shows to watch on Netflix, Prime Video, Disney+ Hotstar and more |url= https://www.vogue.in/content/latest-ott-releases-streaming-netflix-prime-video-disney-hotstar-august-26-september-1-2024 |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=Vogue |date= 26 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The retired gangster Murshid Pathan is forced to return to his criminal roots when his family is threatened. Meanwhile, a police officer, Kumar Pratap Rana, is investigating a case that involves his father, Murshid. As the plot unfolds, the truth about Murshid's past and the officer's involvement in the case is revealed.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Murshid: Release date, trailer, plot, cast, OTT platform and more about Kay Kay Menon's intense thriller |url= https://www.ottplay.com/news/murshid-release-date-trailer-plot-cast-ott-platform/32ba744ee7967 |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Kay Kay Menon]] as Murshid Pathan
*[[Tanuj Virwani]] as Kumar Pratap Rana<ref>{{Cite web | title=Tanuj Virwani Says He 'Abandoned Vanity' To Play Inspector In Murshid: Hope It Resonates With... - EXCLUSIVE |url= https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/tanuj-virwani-says-he-abandoned-vanity-to-play-inspector-in-murshid-hope-it-resonates-with-exclusive-article-112718764 |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=TimesNowNews |date= 22 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Satyyaa Patel (actor) | Satyyaa Patel]] as News Reporter
*[[Zakir Hussain (actor) | Zakir Hussain]] as Farid<ref>{{Cite web | title=EXCLUSIVE: Zakir Hussain on his underworld show Murshid, "We haven't glorified the characters" | url= https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-zakir-hussain-underworld-show-murshid-havent-glorified-characters/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date= 25 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Anang Desai]]
*[[Rajesh Shringarpure]] as Jayendra
*[[Karmveer Choudhary]] as Namdev Kulkarni
*Aamirr Khan as Bunty
*Nandish Bhatt as Iqbal

==Marketing==
The trailer was released a day later.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Murshid Trailer: जासूस के बाद अब अंडरवर्ल्ड डॉन 'मुर्शिद' बनकर लौटे केके मेनन, कब और कहां देखें सीरीज?
|url= https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/web-series-review-kay-kay-menon-starrer-web-series-murshid-trailer-out-now-23781548.html|access-date=29 August 2024 |website=Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>

==Reception==
''[[ABP News]]'' rated it 3 out of 5 and commented, "These seven episodes of gangster drama keep the audience's attention on hold till the climax."<ref>{{Cite web | title= Murshid Review: Kay Kay Menon And Tanuj Virwani Starrer Gangster Drama Is A Thrilling Ride
|url= https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/ott/murshid-review-kay-kay-menon-tanuj-virwani-zakir-hussain-starrer-gangster-drama-on-zee5-is-a-thrilling-ride-1713605|access-date=29 August 2024 |website=ABPLive|date= 29 August 2024|language=en}}</ref> Ronak Kotecha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3.5 out of 5 and wrote in his review, "One of the standout aspects of 'Murshid' is its setting. The backdrop of South Mumbai, with its gritty streets and looming underworld, lends the show an authentic 90s grunge..."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kotecha |first=Ronak| title=Murshid Season 1 Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/murshid/season-1/seasonreview/112811658.cms |work=TimesOfIndia|access-date=30 August 2024}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref> Sakshi Verma of ''[[India TV]]'' too rated it 3 out 5 and commented, "It appears that writer and director Shravan Tiwari has worked hard to create a realistic sense of the plot."<ref>{{cite news |last=Verma|first=Sakshi|title=Murshid Season 1 Review |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/murshid-web-series-review-kay-kay-menon-overshadows-others-in-shravan-tiwari-s-gangster-drama-936 |work=IndiaTV|access-date=30 August 2024}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref> Times Now also gave it a 3.5 out of 5.
<ref>{{cite news | title=
Murshid Review: Kay Kay Menon's Layered Act Makes This Gangster War Saga A Binge-Watch|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/murshid-review-kay-kay-menon-zakir-hussain-tanuj-virmani-gangster-underworld-war-saga-binge-watch-review-112950279 |work=TimesNowNews|access-date=1 September 2024}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

[[Deepa Gahlot]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated 2/5 stars and notes "The pace of the show and the many twists do keep up the interest of the viewer, even if most of what goes on is implausible. Everything is simply designed to prove what an indestructible force Murshid is, probably in the hope of a Season 2."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |author-link=Deepa Gahlot |date=15 August 2024 |title=Murshid Review: Gangster Overkill|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/murshid-review/20240830.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref> [[Scroll.in]] commented, "Murshid is salvaged by a few sharp performances and a welcome intent to wrap up matters with seven episodes."<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2024 |title='Murshid' review: A dated Mumbai gangland drama
|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1072668/murshid-review-a-dated-mumbai-gangland-drama|work=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id= tt33144230}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/murshid/0-6-4z5612057 Murshid Official Page]

[[Category:thriller web series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]

Malda Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-12T02:56:12Z

TeenaDease50: Created first details w/ refs

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian parliament in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name=Malda
| map_image =
| map_caption =
|established = 1951
|abolished = 2009
|reservation = None
|state = [[West Bengal]]
|assembly_cons = As in 2004: [[Habibpur Assembly constituency|Habibpur (ST)]] [[Araidanga Assembly constituency|Araidanga]] [[Maldaha Assembly constituency|Malda (SC)]] [[English Bazar Assembly constituency|Englishbazar]] [[Manikchak Assembly constituency|Manikchak]] [[Sujapur Assembly constituency|Suzapur]] [[Kaliachak Assembly constituency|Kaliachak]]
|electors =
}}

'''Malda Lok Sabha constituency''' was one of the 543 [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies in [[India]]. The constituency centred on [[Malda City|Malda]] in [[West Bengal]], which was abolished following the delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies in 2008. This seat was a very strong bastion of the [[Indian National Congress]].

==Assembly segments==
Malda Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title =Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 2010-10-01 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>
* [[Habibpur Assembly constituency|Habibpur (ST)]] (assembly constituency no. 39)
* [[Araidanga Assembly constituency|Araidanga]] (assembly constituency no. 44)
* [[Maldaha Assembly constituency|Malda (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 45)
* [[English Bazar Assembly constituency|Englishbazar]] (assembly constituency no. 46)
* [[Manikchak Assembly constituency|Manikchak]] (assembly constituency no. 47)
* [[Sujapur Assembly constituency|Suzapur]] (assembly constituency no. 48)
* [[Kaliachak Assembly constituency|Kaliachak]] (assembly constituency no. 49)

As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, Malda parliamentary constituency will cease to exist and current constituent assembly segments will be part of either of the two new ones: [[Maldaha Uttar Lok Sabha constituency]] or [[Maldaha Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.wbgov.com/e-gov/English/DELIMITATION.pdf
| title = Press Note, Delimitation Commission
| access-date = 2008-10-28
| work = Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal
| publisher =Delimitation Commission
}}</ref>

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election Year
!MLA
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952 ]]
| rowspan="1" |[[Surendra Mohan Ghose]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Renuka Ray]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]|| rowspan="1" |[[Uma Roy]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Dinesh Chandra Joarder]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|
|rowspan="2" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980 ]]
| rowspan="8" |[[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| rowspan="9" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="9" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|2006^|| rowspan="1" |[[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]]
|-
|}
For MPs from the area in subsequent years see [[Maldaha Uttar Lok Sabha constituency]] and [[Maldaha Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency]]

==Election results==
===By-election 2006===
A by-election was held in this constituency on 13 September 2006 which was necessitated by the death of sitting MP [[A B A Ghani Khan Choudhury]]. In the by-election, [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]] of Congress defeated his nearest rival [[Sailen Sarkar]] of CPI(M) by 84,391 votes.
{{Election box begin | title=Indian Parliamentary bye election, 2006: Malda constituency<ref name="by-election2006">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeOct2006/bye_pc-7malda.htm |title=Bye Election of Parliament Constituency of West Bengal - 7-Malda |date=19 September 2006 |access-date= 22 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]]
|votes = 437,161
|percentage = 50.67
|change = +1.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Sailen Sarkar]]
|votes = 353,770
|percentage = 41.00
|change = +5.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Biswapriya Roy Chowdhury
|votes = 45,737
|percentage = 5.30
|change = -5.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Atul Chandra Mandal
|votes = 13,875
|percentage = 1.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ataur Rahman
|votes = 12,328
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 84,391
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 862,888
|percentage = 77.5%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general election]]: [[English Bazar|Malda]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[A B A Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 412,913
| percentage = 48.80
| change = {{increase}} 8.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Pranab Das
| votes = 301,805
| percentage = 35.80
| change = {{decrease}} 1.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Badsha Alam
| votes = 86,525
| percentage = 10.30
| change = {{decrease}} 11.00
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Sadhan Chatterjee
| votes = 18,813
| percentage = 2.20
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| candidate = Tushar Kanti Besra
| votes = 5,748
| percentage = 0.70
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Majedur Rahaman
| votes = 5,496
| percentage = 0.70
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Lawrence Hansda
| votes = 5,364
| percentage = 0.60
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Parimal Mardi
| votes = 5,283
| percentage = 0.60
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Atul Chandra Mandal
| votes = 3,794
| percentage = 0.40
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Naresh Rishi
| votes = 3,370
| percentage = 0.40
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 111,108
| percentage = 13.20
| change = {{increase}} 10.17
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 844,032
| percentage = 77.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 325,833
| percentage = 40.22
| change = {{decrease}} 2.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = [[Sailen Sarkar]]
| votes = 301,280
| percentage = 37.19
| change = {{increase}} 0.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Muzaffar Khan
| votes = 172,575
| percentage = 21.30
| change = {{increase}} 0.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
| candidate = Budhrai Kisku
| votes = 2,928
| percentage = 0.36
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Biswanath Guha
| votes = 1,981
| percentage = 0.24
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Ataur Rahaman
| votes = 1,228
| percentage = 0.15
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Nani Gopal Sarkar
| votes = 1,027
| percentage = 0.13
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Union Muslim League
| candidate = Md. Nekmuddin
| votes = 872
| percentage = 0.11
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Aanjur Islam
| votes = 790
| percentage = 0.10
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Helarious Mardi
| votes = 630
| percentage = 0.08
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Dr. Libias Mondal
| votes = 630
| percentage = 0.08
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (Secular)
| candidate = Ahejuddin Khan
| votes = 422
| percentage = 0.05
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 24,553
| percentage = 3.03
| change = {{decrease}} 2.86
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 8,10,196
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 353,117
| percentage = 42.42
| change = {{decrease}} 6.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Jiban Maitra
| votes = 304,035
| percentage = 36.52
| change = {{decrease}} 1.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Muzaffar Khan
| votes = 169,260
| percentage = 20.33
| change = {{increase}} 9.90
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Mahendra Nath Hasda
| votes = 4,224
| percentage = 0.51
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Mazizur Rahaman
| votes = 919
| percentage = 0.11
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Akbar Hossain
| votes = 914
| percentage = 0.11
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 49,082
| percentage = 5.89
| change = {{decrease}} 4.60
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 8,32,469
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 417,427
| percentage = 48.78
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Sailen Sarkar
| votes = 327,605
| percentage = 38.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Binay Sarkar
| votes = 89,255
| percentage = 10.43
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Basu Sant Kumar
| votes = 6,657
| percentage = 0.78
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Agu Nasar Khan Choudhury
| votes = 3,317
| percentage = 0.39
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Aminul Islam
| votes = 2,728
| percentage = 0.32
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Abdus Samad Choudhury
| votes = 2,231
| percentage = 0.26
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Md. Nekmuddin
| votes = 2,024
| percentage = 0.24
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Birendra N. Biswas
| votes = 1,329
| percentage = 0.16
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Ali Saber
| votes = 1,239
| percentage = 0.14
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Ainal
| votes = 797
| percentage = 0.09
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Naresh Ch. Rishi
| votes = 664
| percentage = 0.08
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Nirmal Das
| votes = 391
| percentage = 0.05
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 89,822
| percentage = 10.49
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 8,55,664
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 291,835
| percentage = 41.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Sailen Sarkar
| votes = 290,015
| percentage = 40.89
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Binay Bhusan Sarkar
| votes = 117,382
| percentage = 16.55
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Birendra Nath Viswas
| votes = 7,733
| percentage = 1.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Union Muslim League
| candidate = Md. Solaiman
| votes = 2,342
| percentage = 0.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 1,820
| percentage = 0.25
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 7,09,307
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 349,138
| percentage = 48.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Sunil Sen
| votes = 319,241
| percentage = 44.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Benay Bhusan Sarkar
| votes = 45,303
| percentage = 6.25
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Union Muslim League
| candidate = Md. Saidul Islam
| votes = 7,660
| percentage = 1.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Samsuddin Biswas
| votes = 3,290
| percentage = 0.45
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 29,897
| percentage = 4.12
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 7,24,632
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 304,963
| percentage = 51.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Dinesh Joardar
| votes = 258,337
| percentage = 43.98
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Tushar Kanti Ghosh
| votes = 10,572
| percentage = 1.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Biswa Nath Guha
| votes = 5,794
| percentage = 0.99
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Prabodh Kumar Das
| votes = 3,311
| percentage = 0.56
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Union Muslim League
| candidate = Saidul
| votes = 2,039
| percentage = 0.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Narayan Kumar Agarwal
| votes = 1,410
| percentage = 0.24
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Bijoy Sarkar
| votes = 929
| percentage = 0.16
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 46,626
| percentage = 7.94
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 5,97,612
| percentage = 83.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress (I)
| candidate = [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
| votes = 251,952
| percentage = 51.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Dinesh Chandra Joarder
| votes = 239,193
| percentage = 48.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 12,759
| percentage = 2.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 5,03,253
| percentage = 75.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress (I)
| loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Dinesh Chandra Joardar
| votes = 188,103
| percentage = 52.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Pranab Kumar Mukherjee
| votes = 158,395
| percentage = 44.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Ganour Harijan
| votes = 8,809
| percentage = 2.45
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Sarkar Suresh Chandra
| votes = 2,649
| percentage = 0.74
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Krishna Kripal Satiar
| votes = 1,009
| percentage = 0.28
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 29,708
| percentage = 8.27
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 3,58,965
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Dinesh Chandra Joarder
| votes = 137,071
| percentage = 41.94
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Uma Roy
| votes = 103,305
| percentage = 31.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress (Organisation)
| candidate = Azimuddin Sarker
| votes = 53,289
| percentage = 16.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = Seikh Siddique
| votes = 33,185
| percentage = 10.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 33,766
| percentage = 10.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 3,40,623
| percentage = 69.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = U. Roy
| votes = 123,105
| percentage = 41.68
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = S. K. Misra
| votes = 95,356
| percentage = 32.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = S. Roy
| votes = 48,254
| percentage = 16.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Swatantra Party
| candidate = H. M. A. Sattar
| votes = 24,288
| percentage = 8.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = M. A. H. Alhaj
| votes = 4,330
| percentage = 1.47
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 27,749
| percentage = 9.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 3,08,145
| percentage = 68.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1962===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Renuka Ray
| votes = 101,336
| percentage = 43.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Haji Abdus Sattar
| votes = 65,515
| percentage = 28.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Swatantra Party
| candidate = Atul Chandra Kumar
| votes = 64,841
| percentage = 27.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 35,821
| percentage = 15.45
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 2,43,644
| percentage = 52.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1957===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1957 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Renuka Ray
| votes = 97,217
| percentage = 46.47
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = S. Rahaman
| votes = 59,951
| percentage = 28.66
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Hindu Mahasabha
| candidate = Hariprasanna Misra
| votes = 23,184
| percentage = 11.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Dwijendra Nath Singha
| votes = 20,520
| percentage = 9.81
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Debendra Nath Jha
| votes = 8,331
| percentage = 3.98
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 37,266
| percentage = 17.81
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 2,09,203
| percentage = 51.12
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1951===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1951 Indian general election]]: Malda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Surendra Mohan Ghose
| votes = 81,666
| percentage = 56.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Amarendra Krishna Bhaduri
| votes = 39,733
| percentage = 27.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent
| candidate = Atul Chandra Kumar
| votes = 24,202
| percentage = 16.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 41,933
| percentage = 28.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,45,601
| percentage = 41.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[English Bazar|Malda]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{Malda topics}}

{{Coord|25.04|N|88.14|E|display=title|format=dms|}}

{{West Bengal elections}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Malda district]]
[[Category:Maldah]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]

Annada Shankar Ray

2026-01-05T01:11:59Z

TeenaDease50: cleanup section for accuracy

{{short description|Indian writer, poet, essayist (1904–2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Annada Shankar Ray
| native_name_lang = bn
| native_name = অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়
| image = Annada.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1904|03|15}}
| birth_place = [[Dhenkanal State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Odisha]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|10|28|1904|3|15}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = Writer, poet, essayist
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]], [[Odisha language|Odia]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| movement =
| notableworks = Pathe Prabaase, Banglar Reneissance
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
}}
'''Annada Shankar Ray''' (15 March 1904 – 28 October 2002) was an Indian poet and essayist in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. He also wrote some Odia poetry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Annadashankar Roy |work=southasianmedia.net |url=http://www.southasianmedia.net/profile/Bangladesh/bangladesh_lp_literature.cfm#18h |access-date=2006-10-24 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908204621/http://www.southasianmedia.net/profile/Bangladesh/bangladesh_lp_literature.cfm |archive-date=8 September 2006 }}</ref>

He wrote several Bengali poems criticising the [[Partition of India]]. Most notable is "''Teler shishi bhaanglo bole khukur pare raag karo''. Among his many essays, the book ''Banglar Reneissance'' has an analytical history of the cultural and social revolution in Bengal. Ray's best known work is ''Pathe Prabaase'', a diary of his trip in Europe in 1931. He died in [[Kolkata]] on 28 October 2002.

== Family history ==
This [[Bengali people|Bengali]] icon's ancestral place is Kotrung (present-day [[Uttarpara Kotrung]]) in the [[Hooghly district]] of [[West Bengal]]. His ancestors migrated from Kotrung to [[Balasore]] district of [[Odisha]]. His grandmother, Durgamoni, was the daughter of an aristocrat Bengali Sen family of Jajpur . Annada Shankar Ray's father was Nimaicharan Ray and his mother was the daughter of an aristocrat [[Kayasth]] family of Cuttack. Nimaicharan Ray shifted his base to [[Dhenkanal]] following a family feud.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |title=অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় |access-date=4 September 2020 |archive-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511133459/https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Educational life==
Ray graduated in English from [[Ravenshaw College]] in Cuttack. He topped the list of [[Indian Civil Service]] examinees in 1927. He had failed to make the mark in the previous year, being cut off by one rank. He was the first ICS officer from the territory later forming the state of Orissa.

==Literary career==
After serving in various administrative posts, he sought voluntary retirement in 1951 to devote himself to literary pursuits. Ray was a Gandhian in politics and [[Rabindranath Tagore]] inspired his literature. His first published book was ''Tarunya'' (1928), which gave him a footing as an essayist. In 1928, his first collection of poetry named ''Rakhi'' also got published. It includes poems he composed when was in [[England]] and they are creations based on [[Romantic poetry|Romantic]] imaginations thus involving the innate bond of nature and human emotions. His first two novels were ''Asamapika'' and ''Agun Niye Khela''. As an essayist, he was urbane and sophisticated and combined in his craft two different styles of prose, represented by Tagore and [[Pramatha Chaudhurijddjdjjdkd|Pramatha Choudhury.]] A significant breakthrough in his literary career came with the publication of Pathe Prabase, a diary of his Europe trip, in 1931. Ray also established himself as a short-story writer. His collections include ''Prakritir Parihas'' (1934), ''Man Pavan'' (1946), ''Kamini Kanchan'' (1954) and ''Katha''.

A Bengali rendering of a short story by Tolstoy and an appraisal of [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay|Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay’s]] essay ''Narir Mulya'' marked his debut on the literary scene at the age of 16.

In [[Odia language|Oriya]], the poetry ''"Sabita"'' finds place in higher studies of the language at college level, making him one of the few poets to have the distinction of getting such acclaim from two different language speaking states of India.

==Works==
Annadashankar Roy was a contributor of both prose and poetry.

===Novels===
* ''Satyasatya'' (6 Novels)
*# ''Jar Jetha Desh''
*# ''Oggatobash''
*# ''Kolonkoboti''
*# ''Dukkhomochon''
*# ''Morter Sorgo''
*# ''Opposaron''
* ''Agun Niye Khela''
* ''Osomapika''
* ''Putul Niye Khela''
* ''Na''
* ''Konna''

===Essays===
* ''Tarunno''
* ''Amra''
* ''Jibonshilpi''
* ''Eahara''
* ''Jiyonkathi''
* ''Deshkalpatro''
* ''Prottoy''
* ''Notun Kore Bacha''
* ''Adhunikota''
* ''Art''

===Autobiography===
* ''Binur Boi''
* ''Potheprobashe''
* ''Japane''

===Short story collections===
* ''Prokritir Porihash''
* ''Du Kan Kata''
* ''Hason Sakhi''
* ''Mon Pahon''
* ''Jouban Jala''
* ''Kamini Kanchon''
* ''Ruper Day''
* ''Golpo''

==Award==
He received the Vidyasagar Smriti Award from the state government and the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|title=Padma Awards|date=2015|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> He was made a fellow of the [[Sahitya Akademi]] in 1989. The [[Visva Bharati]] conferred on him the Desikottama and an honorary D.Litt. He also received the Rabindra Puraskar, the Ananda Puraskar twice and the Zaibunnisa Award of Bangladesh.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Banglapedia|Ray,_Annada_Sankar}}
* {{OL author|1183A}}
* [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/browse?type=author&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=RAY,+ANNADA+SHANKAR Annada Shankar Ray] at the West Bengal Public Library Network
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200703/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/cgi-bin/picdispgeneral.pl?%2Fkabita%2Fteler_sisi.gif "''Teler sisi''" poem] at calcuttaweb.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021105130506/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021029/asp/bengal/story_1334876.asp Master of the rhyme is dead], [[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]
* [https://www.andrewwhitehead.net/partition-voices-annada-sankar-ray.html Partition Voices Annada Sankar Ray], Andrew Whitehead

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ray, Annada Shankar}}
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Bengali-language poets]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rabindra Puraskar]]
[[Category:People from Dhenkanal]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali-language novelists]]

Ugavali Shukrachi Chandani

2025-12-22T21:54:06Z

TeenaDease50: put up...

{{Short description|Marathi language song}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Ugavali Shukrachi Chandani
| cover = Ugavali Shukrachi Chandani.jpg
| caption =
| type = song
| artist = [[Arati Ankalikar Tikekar]]
| album = [[De Dhakka]]
| language = Marathi
| released = 2008
| genre = {{Hlist|[[Folk music|Folk]]|[[lavani]]}}
| length = {{Duration|m=5|s=03}}
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| composer = Ajay-Atul-Sameer
| lyricist = [[Shrirang Godbole]] Abhijeet Deshpande
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|7UYHzgwkgvY|Ugavali Shukrachi Chandani}}|type=song}}
}}
"'''Ugavali Shukrachi Chandani'''" is a 2008 [[Marathi language|Marathi]] song performed by [[Arati Ankalikar Tikekar|Arati Ankalikar]] from the ''[[De Dhakka]]'' soundtrack. The composition is by the [[Ajay-Atul]]-Sameer, with lyrics penned by [[Shrirang Godbole]] and Abhijeet Deshpande.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-29 |title=दिवस नृत्याचा! 'आंतरराष्ट्रीय नृत्यदिना'निमित्त गाजलेल्या लावण्यांबद्दल जाणून घ्या... |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/international-dance-day-2023-know-about-the-famous-lavani-on-the-occasion-of-international-dance-day-apsara-aali-wajle-ki-bara-bugadi-majhi-sandli-ga-1171681 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref> The song features Gauri Vaidya in its visuals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-29 |title=Popular Lavani songs in Marathi films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/popular-lavani-songs-in-marathi-films/photostory/64589030.cms |access-date=2024-09-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='दे धक्का'मधील 'उगवली शुक्राची चांदणी'वर थिरकलेली बालकलाकार आठवतेय का? आज आहे सिनेइंडस्ट्रीतून गायब |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/de-dhakka-starring-ugavali-shukrachi-chandani-disappears-from-cineindustry-a603/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=Lokmat |date=27 February 2022 }}</ref> [[Arati Ankalikar Tikekar|Arati Ankalikar]] won the [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] award at the [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011-11-01 |title=Marathi films get a push with De Dhakka - Movies News News - IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/marathi-film-industry-gets-a-push-with-de-dhakka/66758-8.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101041826/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/marathi-film-industry-gets-a-push-with-de-dhakka/66758-8.html |archive-date=2011-11-01 }}</ref>

== Music video ==
The music video is a direct clip from the scene in ''[[De Dhakka]]''. Sayali Jadhav, a talented dancer, is selected for the final round of a prestigious dance competition in Mumbai. Despite the family's dire economic situation and various personal crises, they make a grueling journey to the competition venue. Although faced with numerous setbacks, including a stolen rickshaw and ongoing family conflicts, Sayali's determination remains strong. With encouragement from a make-up artist, she participates in the competition and secures third place, bringing a sense of achievement and pride to her family amidst their struggles.

== Credits ==

* [[Arati Ankalikar Tikekar|Arati Ankalikar]] – vocals
* [[Ajay-Atul]]-Sameer – composer
* [[Shrirang Godbole]] – lyricist
* Abhijeet Deshpande – lyricist

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominee
!Result
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
|2007
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards|Maharashtra State Film Award]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Arati Ankalikar Tikekar|Arati Ankalikar]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2009
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Playback Singer – Female]]
|{{Won}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=7UYHzgwkgvY&list=RDAMVMAOiF4GIVxLY YouTube Music]

[[Category:2008 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Ajay–Atul]]
[[Category:Songs in Marathi]]
[[Category:Lavani songs]]
[[Category:Indian folk songs]]

All-India Yadav Mahasabha

2025-12-10T10:26:12Z

TeenaDease50: rework information as per guidelines for accuracy

#REDIRECT [[All India Yadav Mahasabha]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

List of diplomatic missions in Chennai

2025-12-10T01:09:12Z

TeenaDease50: update layout further and improved wording

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
This is a list of [[diplomatic mission]]s in [[Chennai]]. Governments of several foreign nations have established [[Diplomacy|diplomatic]] and [[trade]] representation in the city of Chennai. Many of them are at the [[consulate-general]] or [[High Commissioner (Commonwealth)|deputy high commission]] level, in addition to a number of honorary consulates, with their respective embassies located at [[New Delhi]]. The consular presence in the city dates back to 1794, when William Abbott was appointed U.S. consular agent for [[South India]].<ref name="History">{{cite web
|title=History
|publisher=US Consulate Chennai
|url=http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/history.html
|access-date=15 Jan 2012
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103075530/http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/history.html
|archive-date=2012-01-03
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last = Clark
| first = Mike
| title = Abbott Family Genealogy
| publisher = www.mikesclark.com
| url = http://www.mikesclark.com/genealogy/abbott.html
| access-date = 2 Aug 2012}}</ref><ref name="AbbottOfTeynampet">{{cite news
| title = An Abbott of Teynampet
| location = Chennai
| date = 30 April 2007
| url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/04/30/stories/2007043000240601.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071113042945/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/04/30/stories/2007043000240601.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 13 November 2007
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 2 Aug 2012}}</ref> As of 2022, there were 60 foreign representations in Chennai,<ref>{{cite web
| title = Did you know that...
| publisher = Embassy Pages
| url = http://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy19502/
| access-date = 25 Feb 2012}}</ref> including 16 consulates general and 28 honorary consulates.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Duttagupta
| first = Ishani
| title = Who are honorary consul generals and what do they do?
| newspaper = The Economic Times
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 13 August 2018
| url = https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/who-are-honorary-consul-generals-and-what-do-they-do/articleshow/65369434.cms
| access-date = 27 October 2018}} "Who are honorary consul generals and what do they do? - Economic Times"]</ref> The list is of countries that have established a resident consular presence in the city.

For other diplomatic missions in [[India]], see [[List of diplomatic missions in India]].

==Missions==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Country
!Mission type
!Established
!Headed by
!width=270px | Address
!Neighborhood
!Gallery
|-
|{{flag|Angola}}
|Honorary consulate
|
|Capt. Guruswamy Ramaswamy
|5th Floor, Amble Side, 8, Khadar Nawaz Khan Road
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|San Luis Commercial Office<ref name="Argentina1"/><ref name="Argentina2"/>
|7 May 2013
|Adriel Dalgaard Knott, Director
|61–63 Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai
|[[Mylapore]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Armenia1"/><ref name="Armenia2"/>
|24 December 2011
|Shivkumar Eashwaran, honorary consul
|Shivsu Towers, 149 Poonamallee High Road
|[[Kilpauk]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|Consulate general<ref name="Australia1"/><ref name="Australia2"/>
|1995<ref name="Australia3"/>
|Sarah Kirlew, consul general (since January 2021)
|9th Floor, Express Chambers, Express Avenue Estate, Whites Road
|[[Royapettah]]
|[[File:Express Avenue, Chennai 1.JPG|150px]]
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Austria"/>
|
|Nina Kothari, honorary consul
|Kothari Buildings, 115 Nungambakkam High Road
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|Deputy High Commission<ref name="Bangladesh"/>
|
|
|No. 24/46, Agni Business Centre, First & Second Floor, K. B. Dasan Road
|[[Alwarpet]]
|
|-
|{{CAN}}
|Trade Office<ref name="Canada"/>
|
|Subha Sundarajan, trade commissioner
|Suite 205, Hotel Park Hyatt, 39 Velachery Road, Near Raj Bhavan
|[[Guindy]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Chile"/>
|
|Sunita Shahaney, honorary consul
|Oakland House, 7 Adayar Club Gate Road
|[[Raja Annamalaipuram|R. A. Puram]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="CzechRepublic"/>
|13 March 2019
|Ar Rm Arun, honorary consul
|Vel Vilas, 3/21 Kottur Garden 3rd Main Road
|[[Kotturpuram]]
|
|-
|{{DNK}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Denmark"/>
|
|Vijay Sankar, honorary consul<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/vijay-sankar-named-honorary-consul-general-of-denmark/article23305156.ece|title=Vijay Sankar named Honorary Consul General of Denmark|first=Our|last=Bureau|date=20 March 2018|website=BusinessLine}}</ref>
|9 Cathedral Road
|[[Gopalapuram, Chennai|Gopalapuram]]
|
|-
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|Honorary consulate
|11 January 2012
|Yashwanth Kumar Venkataraman, honorary consul
|18, 3rd Street, Nehru Nagar
|[[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Ethiopia"/>
|30 January 2012
|Manikam Ramaswami
|83 First Main Road
|[[Raja Annamalaipuram|R. A. Puram]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|Honorary consulate
|11 January 2017
|G.S.K. Velu, honorary consul<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Appointed-Honorary-Consul-of-Estonia/article16996162.ece|title=Appointed Honorary Consul of Estonia|date=5 January 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|15, 4th St, Vidhya Thirtha Nagar
|Abiramapuram
|
|-
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Fiji"/>
|March 2016
|S.N. Srikanth, honorary consul
|SVN House, 10, C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar Road
|[[Alwarpet]]
|
|-
|{{FIN}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Finland"/>
|
|M. Ct. P. Chidambaram, honorary consul
|202 (Old 742) Anna Salai
|[[Anna Salai|Mount Road]]
|
|-
|{{FRA}}
|Branch office of the consulate general of France in Pondicherry<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|Lise Talbot Barré - consul general of France - Bureau de France—Chennai
|6th Floor, Bannari Amman Towers, 29 Dr Radha Krishnan Salai
|[[Mylapore]]
|
|-
|{{DEU}}
|[[Consulate General of Germany, Chennai|Consulate general]]<ref name="Germany"/>
|
|Karin Christina Maria Stoll, consul general (since July 2018)
|9 Boat Club Road
|[[Raja Annamalaipuram|R. A. Puram]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Greece"/>
|
|N. Kumar, honorary consul general
|37 Sterling Road
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|Honorary consulate
|March 2018<ref>{{cite news
| title = Guatemalan Consulate in Chennai
| newspaper = The Hindu Business Line
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 19 April 2018
| url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/guatemalan-consulate-in-chennai/article23606606.ece
| access-date = 15 August 2018}}</ref>
|Vivek Partheeban, honorary consul
|Caplin Point Laboratories Ltd. Narbhavi No. 3 Lakshman Street, G. N. Shetty Road
|[[T. Nagar]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Hungary"/>
|
|M. A. Alagappan, honorary consul
|Tiam House, 28 Rajaji Road
|[[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|Kumaran Seetharaman, honorary consul
|No.129, Estate Main Road, Industrial Estate
|[[Perungudi]]
|
|-
|{{IDN}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Indonesia1"/><ref name="Indonesia2"/>
|
|Kannan Jaya Kumar, honorary consul
|2-D, Eldorado Building, 2nd Floor, 112 Nungambakkam High Road
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Ireland"/>
|1 December 2011
|Rajeev Mecheri, honorary consul
|Mecheri Centre, 49 Eldams Road
|[[Teynampet]]
|
|-
|{{ITA}}
|Vice consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|Ram Javhermal Shahaney, vice-consul
|Ashok Leyland Limited, 19 Rajaji Salai
|[[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]
|
|-
|{{JPN}}
|Consulate general<ref name="Japan"/>
|1966<ref name="GreetingsFromKazuoMinagawa">{{cite web
| title = Greetings from the Consul-General, Mr. Kazuo Minagawa
| publisher = Consulate-General of Japan in Chennai
| date = n.d.
| url = http://www.chennai.in.emb-japan.go.jp/greeting.html
| access-date = 1 March 2012}}</ref>
|Kojiro Uchiyama, consul general (since April 2018)
|12/1 Cenetoph Road, 1st Street
|[[Teynampet]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Honorary consulate
|27 April 2017
|Suraj Shantakumar, honorary consul
|
|
|
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|N. Ramachandran, honorary consul
|Khivraj Complex II, 2nd Floor, 480 Anna Salai
|[[Nandanam]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|Usman Fayaz, honorary consul
|18 Cenatoph Road
|[[Alwarpet]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Luxembourg"/>
|
|Seturaman Mahalingam, honorary consul
|22 Karpagambal Nagar, Mylapore
|
|-
|{{MYS}}
|[[Consulate General of Malaysia, Chennai|Consulate general]]<ref name="Malaysia"/>
|1961
|Saravana Kumar Kumaravasagam
|7 (Old 3) Cenotaph Road, 1st Street
|[[Teynampet]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|Dr. Hisamuddin Papa, honorary consul
|No.786, Anna Salai, Nandanam
|[[Nandanam]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Malta1"/><ref name="Malta2"/>
|6 January 2010
|Thangamuthu Pillai Shantakumar, honorary consul
|10 II Street, Seethamal Colony
|[[Alwarpet]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Mauritius"/>
|
|Ravi Raman, honorary consul
|RR Tower, 94/95 Block 6, 8th Floor, Guindy Industrial Estate
|[[Guindy]]
|
|-
|{{MEX}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Mexico"/>
|6 September 2016
|Ramkumar Varadarajan, honorary consul
|Casuarina Drive
|[[Neelankarai]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|C. N. Gangadaran, honorary consul
|Agastyar Manor, 20 Raja Street
|[[T. Nagar]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name=Myanmar>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/magazinemonitor/2007/09/how_to_say_myanmar.shtml|title=How to say Myanmar|work=Magazine Monitor|series=An occasional guide to the words and names in the news from Martha Figueroa-Clark of the [[BBC Pronunciation Unit]]|publisher=BBC|date=26 September 2007|author=Martha Figueroa-Clark}} {{cite web |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Myanmar?q=myanmar |title=Definition of Myanmar — Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English) |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries |access-date=1 September 2012 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226082851/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Myanmar |url-status=dead }} {{cite book | title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society | last=Ammon | first=Ulrich | year=2004 | edition=2nd | volume=3 | isbn=3-11-018418-4 | publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA2012 | page=2012 }} {{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Myanmar |title=Myanmar |publisher=Thefreedictionary.com |access-date=6 July 2013 }} {{cite web |author=Thackrah, J. R. |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/myanmar |title=Definition of Myanmar |publisher=Collins English Dictionary |access-date=1 September 2012 }} {{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/myanmar?show=0&t=1345589109 |title=Myanmar — Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |access-date=1 September 2012 }}</ref>
|
|Prof. J Ranganathan, honorary consul
|Hall Mark Towers, 550 TTK Road
|[[Alwarpet]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Netherlands"/>
|
|Gopal Srinivasan, honorary consul
|No. 249 A, Ambujammal Street, Off TTK Road
|[[Alwarpet]]
|
|-
|{{NZL}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="NewZealand"/>
|
|L. Ganesh, honorary consul
|Rane Engine Valves Ltd, Maithri, 132 Cathedral Road
|[[Gopalapuram, Chennai|Gopalapuram]]
|
|-
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|Honorary consulate
|
|Arvind Gupta, honorary consul
|17, Bishop Garden Road
|[[Raja Annamalaipuram|R. A. Puram]]
|
|-
|{{NOR}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Norway"/>
|
|Arvind Gopinath, consul
|Harbour Gate House, P.O. Box 1396, 44/45 Rajaji Salai
|[[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Paraguay"/>
|2011
|A. V. M. Balasubramanian, honorary consul
|AVM Studios, NSK Salai
|[[Vadapalani]]
|
|-
|{{PHI}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Philippines"/>
|
|Ashwin C. Muthiah, honorary consul
|SPIC House, Annex Building, 8th Floor, 88 Anna Salai
|[[Guindy]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
|Honorary consulate
|
|Vijay Mehta, honorary consul
| Apeejay House, 39/12 Haddows Road
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{RUS}}
|[[Consulate General of Russia, Chennai|Consulate general]]<ref name="Russia"/>
|1947<ref>{{cite news | last = George | first = Diya Maria | title = Clubbing for Chennai | newspaper = The New Indian Express | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | publisher = Express Publications | date = 3 January 2023 | url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2023/jan/03/clubbing-for-chennai-2534015.html | access-date = 25 January 2023}}</ref>
|Valerii Khodzhaev, consul general (since September 2024)
|14 Santhome High Road
|[[Mylapore]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|Honorary consulate
|
|Ashok R. Thakkar
|6, IInd Floor, Indian Chambers Building
|[[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|Honorary consulate general<ref name="Seychelles"/>
|
|M. Sesha Sai Mechineni, honorary consul general (since 3 October 2018)
|Hello Telecom (P) Ltd, 62 Veerabadran Street
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{SGP}}
|Consulate general<ref name="Singapore"/>
|17 September 1987
|Roy Kho, consul general
|17-A North Boag Road
|[[T. Nagar]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Slovenia"/>
|27 December 2011
|Amit Goel, honorary consul
|Shanthi Apartments, Flat No. 4, 1st Floor, No. 22 Judge Jambulingam Road
|[[Mylapore]]
|
|-
|{{ZAF}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="SouthAfrica"/>
|
|R. Seshasayee, honorary consul
|19 Rajaji Salai
|[[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]
|
|-
|{{KOR}}
|[[Consulate General of South Korea, Chennai|Consulate general]]<ref name="SouthKorea"/>
|7 February 2014
|Chang-nyun Kim, consul general (since 2023)
|29 Radhakrishnan Salai
|[[Mylapore]]
|
|-
|{{ESP}}
|Honorary consulate
|
| Antony Lobo, honorary consul
|6, Nimmo Road 
|[[Santhome]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Deputy High Commission of Sri Lanka, Chennai|Deputy High Commission]]<ref name="SriLanka"/>
|1957
| Ganesanathan Geathiswaran, deputy high commissioner
|56 Sterling Road
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{SWE}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Sweden"/>
|
|Arun Vasu, honorary consul
|6 Cathedral Road
|[[Gopalapuram, Chennai|Gopalapuram]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Switzerland"/>
|
|R. Muthu, honorary consul
|I-6 Dr. V.S.I. Estate, Rajiv Gandhi Salai
|[[Thiruvanmiyur]]
|
|-
|{{ROC-TWN}}
|[[Taipei Economic and Cultural Center in Chennai|Representative Office]]<ref name="Taiwan"/>
|2012
|Frank Lin, director general
|New No.30, Norton Road
|[[Mandaveli]]
|
|-
|{{THA}}
|[[Consulate General of Thailand, Chennai|Consulate general]]<ref name="Thailand"/>
|2005
|Racha Areeprak, consul general (since 2024)
|3 First Main Road, Vidyodaya Colony
|[[T. Nagar]]
|
|-
|{{TUR}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|V. L. Dutt, honorary consul
|The KCP Ltd. Ramakrishna Building, 2 Dr. P.V. Cherian Crescent
|[[Egmore]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai"/>
|
|Ravi Appasamy, honorary consul
|3 Mangesh Street
|[[T. Nagar]]
|
|-
|{{GBR}}
|[[British Deputy High Commission Chennai|Deputy High Commission]]<ref name="UnitedKingdom"/>
|
|Halima Holland, deputy high commissioner (since November 2024)
|20 Anderson Road
|[[Nungambakkam]]
|
|-
|{{USA}}
|[[Consulate General of the United States, Chennai|Consulate general]]<ref name="UnitedStates"/>
|24 November 1794
|Christopher W. Hodges, consul general (since July 2023)
|220 Anna Salai
|[[Anna Flyover|Gemini Circle]]
|[[File:USConsulateChennai BuildingExterior.jpg|150px]]
|-
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|Honorary consulate<ref name="Zambia"/>
|23 May 2008
|N. Sukumar, honorary consul
|Suba Solutions Pvt Ltd, 29 (Old No. 7) Devadi Street
|[[Mylapore]]
|
|-
|}

==Proposed missions==
The agreement for establishing the [[Chinese Consulate-General, Chennai|Consulate General of People's Republic of China]] in Chennai, the capital city of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] had been signed by the prime minister of India [[Narendra Modi]] and Chinese premier [[Li Keqiang]], during Modi's three-day visit to [[China]] in May 2015.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Consulate in Chennai, ramping up railways among 24 agreements inked by India, China
| newspaper = The Hindu
| date = 15 May 2015
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article7209300.ece
| access-date = 15 May 2015}}</ref>

In August 2017, [[Government of Bangladesh|Bangladesh government]] approved the opening of a consulate in Chennai.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Bhattacherjee
| first = Kallol
| title = Dhaka to open diplomatic station in Chennai
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = New Delhi
| date = 7 August 2017
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhaka-to-open-diplomatic-station-in-chennai/article19446386.ece
| access-date = 19 Aug 2017}}</ref> This will be open before the end of 2019.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Bagchi
| first = Suvojit
| title = Dhaka for mission in Chennai
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Dhaka
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 24 December 2018
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/dhaka-for-mission-in-chennai/article25814194.ece
| access-date = 1 January 2019}}</ref> In addition, the countries of [[United Arab Emirates]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uae-to-open-new-consular-offices-in-india/article21266902.ece|title=UAE to open new consular offices in India|first=Kallol|last=Bhattacherjee|date=5 December 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Kuwait]] and [[Egypt]] have decided to open their diplomatic consulates in the city.

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[List of diplomatic missions of India]]
*[[List of diplomatic missions in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist |colwidth=30em |refs=
<ref name="EmbassyPagesIndia_Chennai">
{{cite web
| title = India - Embassies and Consulates
| work = Embassy Pages
| publisher = EmbassyPages.com
| url = http://www.embassypages.com/india.php
| access-date = 25 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Argentina1">
{{cite web
| title = San Luis Commercial Office in Chennai
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-08/chennai/39115749_1_k-rosaiah-san-luis-province
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130708123909/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-08/chennai/39115749_1_k-rosaiah-san-luis-province
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 8 July 2013
| work = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 8 May 2013}}
</ref>

<ref name="Argentina2">
{{cite web
| title = Director, San Luis Commercial Office
| url = http://www.businesswithlatinamerica.com/Contacts1.html
| access-date = 8 May 2013}}
</ref>

<ref name="Armenia1">
{{cite web
| title = Diplomatic Mission of the Republic of Armenia, India
| publisher = Diplomatic Mission of the Republic of Armenia, India
| url = http://armenian.co.in/contactus.htm
| access-date = 1 Mar 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Armenia2">
{{cite web
| title = Armenia opens Consulate in Chennai
| publisher = Live Chennai
| date = 26 December 2011
| url = http://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=3114
| access-date = 1 Mar 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Australia1">{{cite web
| title = Australian embassy websites
| publisher = Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
| url = http://www.india.embassy.gov.au/ndli/aboutus.html
| access-date = 17 Feb 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090710220048/http://www.india.embassy.gov.au/ndli/aboutus.html
| archive-date = 10 July 2009
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Australia2">
{{cite web
| title = Australian Consulate-General in Chennai, India
| publisher = Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
| url = http://www.dfat.gov.au/missions/countries/ioch.html
| access-date = 24 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Australia3">{{cite web| title =Australian Minister for Trade opens Australian Consulate-General in Chennai| publisher =UTSAV Australia: Australian Trade Commission—India| date =26 February 2007| url =http://www.utsavaustralia.in/news/trade-opens-australian.aspx| access-date =19 Jul 2012| archive-date =12 July 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210712160323/http://www.utsavaustralia.in/news/trade-opens-australian.aspx| url-status =dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Austria">{{cite web
|title = Austrian Representations, India
|publisher = The Austrian Foreign Ministry
|url = http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/service/austrian-representations-in-german.html?no_cache=1
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120319003907/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/service/austrian-representations-in-german.html?no_cache=1
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = 19 March 2012
|access-date = 23 Feb 2012
}}</ref>



<ref name="Bangladesh">
{{cite web
| title = Deputy High Commission for the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Chennai, India
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh
| url = https://chennai.mofa.gov.bd/
| access-date = 30 September 2022}}
</ref>

<ref name="Canada">
{{cite web
| title = Consulate of Canada, Chennai
| publisher = Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
| url = http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/india-inde/offices-bureaux/chennai.aspx?lang=eng&view=d
| access-date = 22 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="CzechRepublic">
{{cite news
| title = Czech mission opens in the city
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages = 2
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 14 March 2019
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/czech-mission-opens-in-the-city/article26526324.ece
| access-date = 1 May 2019}}
</ref>

<ref name="Chile">
{{cite web
| title = Honorary Consulates
| publisher = Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Gobierno de Chile
| url = http://chileabroad.gov.cl/nueva-delhi/en/sobre-el-consulado/consulados-honorarios/
| access-date = 23 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Denmark">
{{cite web
| title = Denmark in India
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark
| url = http://indien.um.dk/en/about-us/contact/
| access-date = 23 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Ethiopia">
{{cite web
| title = Ethiopia seeks investments from India
| publisher = The Hindu Business Line
| date = 30 January 2012
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2845322.ece
| access-date = 23 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Fiji">
{{cite web
| title = Fiji to set up consular office in Chennai
| work = The Hindu
| date = 19 January 2016
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Fiji-to-set-up-consular-office-in-Chennai/article14006344.ece
| access-date = 10 Mar 2017}}
</ref>

<ref name="Finland">
{{cite web| title =Yhteystiedot: Suomen kunniakonsulaatti, Chennai (Intia)| publisher =Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland| url =http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=16359&culture=fi-FI&contentlan=1| access-date =23 Feb 2012| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110811014032/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=16359&culture=fi-FI&contentlan=1| archive-date =2011-08-11}}
</ref>

<ref name="Germany">
{{cite web
| title =German Consulate General in Chennai
| publisher =Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Germany
| url =http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/03__Chennai/Chennai.html
| access-date =21 Feb 2012| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150510102628/http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/03__Chennai/Chennai.html| archive-date =10 May 2015| url-status =dead}}
</ref>

<ref name="Greece">
{{cite web
| title = India—Contact Details of Greek Missions
| publisher = Hellenic Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
| url = http://www.mfa.gr/en/greece-bilateral-relations/india/india--contact-details-of-greek-missions.html
| access-date = 21 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Hungary">
{{cite web
|title=Honorary Consulates in Asia
|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hungary
|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/missions/missions_abroad/honorary_consulates/asia.htm
|access-date=24 Feb 2012
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617011309/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/missions/missions_abroad/honorary_consulates/asia.htm
|archive-date=2011-06-17
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Indonesia1">
{{cite web| title =Indonesian Mission to India| publisher =Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia| url =http://www.kemlu.go.id/Pages/MissionDisplay.aspx?IDP=51&l=en| archive-url =https://archive.today/20130107184839/http://www.kemlu.go.id/Pages/MissionDisplay.aspx?IDP=51&l=en| url-status =dead| archive-date =7 January 2013| access-date =24 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Indonesia2">
{{cite news
| title = Indonesia keen to sign sister-state pact with Tamil Nadu
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 23 April 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article3342963.ece
| access-date = 25 Apr 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Ireland">
{{cite web
| title = Honorary Consulates in India
| publisher = Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Ireland
| url = http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=52434
| access-date = 31 Dec 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Japan">
{{cite web
| title = Embassy Addresses Asia
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
| url = http://www.mofa.go.jp/about/emb_cons/over/asia.html
| access-date = 17 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Luxembourg">
{{cite web| title =Chennai Consulate| publisher =Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg| url =http://www.mae.lu/en/Site-MAE/Diplomatic-and-Consular-Network/Inde/Ambassade/Chennai| access-date =24 Feb 2012}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
</ref>

<ref name="Malaysia">
{{cite web
| title = Official Website of Consulate General of Malaysia, Chennai
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
| url = http://www.kln.gov.my/web/ind_chennai/home
| access-date = 22 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Malta1">{{cite web
| title = Maltese Consular Representations Overseas
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malta
| url = http://www.mfa.gov.mt/Default.aspx?MDIS=4350
| access-date = 23 Feb 2012
| archive-date = 6 June 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606203744/http://www.mfa.gov.mt/Default.aspx?MDIS=4350
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Malta2">
{{cite news
| title = Malta opens Consulate in Chennai
| location = Chennai
| date = 7 January 2010
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/07/stories/2010010759930500.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100110064308/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/07/stories/2010010759930500.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 10 January 2010
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 4 Oct 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Mauritius">
{{cite web| title =Consuls and Honorary Consuls of Mauritius Overseas| publisher =Republic of Mauritius, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade| url =http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/mfasite/menuitem.75b0ef0c070ce3a156ae474120c521ca/| access-date =24 Feb 2012| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120301052708/http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/mfasite/menuitem.75b0ef0c070ce3a156ae474120c521ca| archive-date =2012-03-01}}
</ref>

<ref name="Mexico">
{{cite web
| title = Mexico opens consulate in Chennai
| work = The Times of India
| date = 6 September 2016
| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Mexico-opens-consulate-in-Chennai/articleshow/54031621.cms
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Netherlands">{{cite web
| title = Nederlands Honorair Consulaat in Chennai/Madras
| work = Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
| publisher = Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs
| url = http://india.nlambassade.org/locaties/honorair-consulaat-in-chennai.html
| access-date = 25 Feb 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305052336/http://india.nlambassade.org/locaties/honorair-consulaat-in-chennai.html
| archive-date = 5 March 2012
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="NewZealand">
{{cite web
| title = New Zealand Consulates and Honorary Consuls
| work = Diplomatic Missions
| publisher = New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
| url = http://www.nzembassy.com/india/about-high-commission/contact-us
| access-date = 23 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Norway">
{{cite web
| title = Consulates
| publisher = Norway, the Official Site in India
| url = http://www.norwayemb.org.in/Embassy/Contact-information/consul/
| access-date = 23 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Paraguay">
{{cite web
| title = Paraguay consulate inaugurated in city
| work = IBN Live South
| publisher = Express News Service
| date = 3 October 2011
| url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/paraguay-consulate-inaugurated-in-city/189645-60-120.html
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130126122945/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/paraguay-consulate-inaugurated-in-city/189645-60-120.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 26 January 2013
| access-date = 23 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Philippines">
{{cite web
|title=PHL Embassies and Consulates General
|publisher=Republic of the Philippines, Department of Foreign Affairs
|url=http://dfa.gov.ph/main/index.php/about-the-dfa/rp-embassies-consulates-a-rcos/phl-embassies-and-consulates-general
|access-date=24 Feb 2012
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310162836/http://dfa.gov.ph/main/index.php/about-the-dfa/rp-embassies-consulates-a-rcos/phl-embassies-and-consulates-general
|archive-date=2012-03-10
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Russia">
{{cite web
| title = Diplomatic and consular missions of Russia
| publisher = The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia
| url = http://www.mid.ru/zu_r.nsf/strawebeng?OpenView&Start=1&Count=300&Expand=71#71
| access-date = 22 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Seychelles">{{cite web
| title = Seychelles Consulates Abroad
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs - The Republic of Seychelles
| url = http://www.mfa.gov.sc/content.php?content_id=44
| access-date = 16 Feb 2012
| archive-date = 8 March 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120308124845/http://www.mfa.gov.sc/content.php?content_id=44
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Singapore">
{{cite web
|title=Singapore Missions Overseas
|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore
|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/singapore_mission_locator.html
|access-date=22 Feb 2012
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926050531/http://www.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/singapore_mission_locator.html
|archive-date=2011-09-26
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Slovenia">
{{cite web
| title = Slovenia invites Indian investments and tourists
| publisher = Overseas Indian
| date = 28 December 2011
| url = http://overseasindian.in/2011/dec/news/20112812-112154.shtml
| access-date = 17 Apr 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="SouthAfrica">
{{cite web
| title = South African Representation Abroad
| publisher = Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Republic of South Africa
| url = http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/sa_abroad/sai.htm
| access-date = 21 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="SouthKorea">
{{cite web
| title = Governor inaugurates Korean Consulate
| work = The Hindu
| date = 7 February 2014
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/governor-inaugurates-korean-consulate/article5664841.ece
| access-date = 7 Feb 2014}}
</ref>

<ref name="SriLanka">{{cite web
| title = Deputy High Commission of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Chennai, India
| publisher = Ministry of External Affairs, Sri Lanka
| url = http://www.mea.gov.lk/index.php/missions/90-india/365-deputy-high-commission-of-the-democratic-socialist-republic-of-sri-lanka-chennai-india
| access-date = 21 Feb 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203814/http://www.mea.gov.lk/index.php/missions/90-india/365-deputy-high-commission-of-the-democratic-socialist-republic-of-sri-lanka-chennai-india
| archive-date = 12 March 2012
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Sweden">
{{cite web| title =Swedish Consulates in India| work =Ministry of Foreign Affairs| publisher =Regeringskansliet—Government Offices of Sweden| url =http://www.swedenabroad.com/Consulates____21589.aspx| access-date =25 Feb 2012| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120224200815/http://www.swedenabroad.com/Consulates____21589.aspx| archive-date =2012-02-24}}
</ref>

<ref name="Switzerland">
{{cite web
| title = Swiss representations: India
| publisher = Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
| url = http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vind/afoind.html#rep_334
| access-date = 21 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Taiwan">
{{cite web
| title = New representative office to be opened in Chennai
| publisher = The China Post
| url = http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/foreign-affairs/2012/06/05/343338/New-representative.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120623031904/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/foreign-affairs/2012/06/05/343338/New-representative.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 23 June 2012
| access-date = 13 Jun 2012}}
</ref>

<ref name="Thailand">
{{cite web| title =Royal Thai Consulate General, Chennai, Republic of India| publisher =Thai Consul| url =http://www.thaiconsul.webs.com/| access-date =21 Feb 2012| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111210120453/http://www.thaiconsul.webs.com/| archive-date =2011-12-10}}
</ref>

<ref name="UnitedKingdom">
{{cite web
| title = UK in India – Chennai Location and Access
| publisher = British High Commission New Delhi
| url = http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/Chennai-location-access/
| access-date = 9 November 2024}}
</ref>

<ref name="UnitedStates">
{{cite web| title =Contact Information| publisher =Consulate General of the United States, Chennai, India| url =http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/hours_of_operation3.html| access-date =20 Feb 2012| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120309133230/http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/hours_of_operation3.html| archive-date =2012-03-09}}
</ref>

<ref name="Zambia">
{{cite news
| title = Honorary Consul of Zambia
| location = Chennai 
| date = 26 May 2008
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/26/stories/2008052652820400.htm
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130125130924/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/26/stories/2008052652820400.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 25 January 2013
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 27 Feb 2012}}
</ref>

}}

==External links==
* [http://india.gov.in/topics/foreign-affairs/embassy-consulates Embassy and consulates, Government of India Portal]
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/documents/embassies_in_chennai.html Foreign consulates in Chennai]
* [http://www.embassypages.com/india.php India—embassies and consulates]
* [http://embassy.goabroad.com/embassies-in/india Foreign embassies and consulates in India]

{{Chennai Topics|left}}
{{Diplomatic missions in India}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions in India|*]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Chennai|*]]
[[Category:Chennai-related lists|diplomatic missions]]
[[Category:India diplomacy-related lists|diplomatic missions, Chennai]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Chennai|diplomatic missions]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politics-related lists|Diplomatic missions in Chennai]]

Sai Ronak

2025-12-04T11:41:09Z

TeenaDease50:

{{short description|Indian Telugu actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sai Ronak
| birth_name = Sai Kiran
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|10|09|df=yes}}
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2014{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Sai Ronak''' is an Indian actor and dancer who predominantly works in [[Telugu cinema]]. He is known for his role in the film ''[[Pressure Cooker (2020 film)|Pressure Cooker]]''.

== Career ==
Sai Ronak was born as Sai Kiran. While studying engineering, he acted in several films including ''[[Paathasala]]'' (2014), ''[[Guppedantha Prema]]'' (2016), and ''[[Kaadhali (2017 film)|Kaadhali]]'' (2017). In ''[[The Times of India]]'' review of ''Kaadhali'', Ch Sushil Rao wrote that "Sai Ronak and [[Harish Kalyan]] had put up sterling performances".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/kaadhali/movie-review/59179268.cms | title=Kaadhali Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Kaadhali by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref> He later went on to open his own dance studio in Hyderabad called Hy Dance Studio. In 2020, he starred in ''[[Pressure Cooker (2020 film)|Pressure Cooker]]''. Regarding his performance, Thadhagath Pathi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Sai Ronak performed well in the lead role and has an impressive screen presence. He carried the role well and if he continues to grow, is a talent to watch out for".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/pressure-cooker/movie-review/74240061.cms | title=Pressure Cooker Movie Review: Sai Ronak shines in this one | work=The Times of India | access-date=2020-03-01 | archive-date=2020-02-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228021606/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/pressure-cooker/movie-review/74240061.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sai-ronak-on-his-telugu-film-debut-pressure-cooker/article30849507.ece|title = Dancer Sai Ronak makes his debut with Telugu film 'Pressure Cooker'|date = 2020-02-18|last1 = Chowdhary|first1 = Y. Sunita|work = The Hindu|access-date = 2020-03-01|archive-date = 2020-03-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200301183107/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sai-ronak-on-his-telugu-film-debut-pressure-cooker/article30849507.ece|url-status = live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Paathasala]]'' || Adi ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Guppedantha Prema]]'' || Yuv ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || ''[[Lanka (2017 film)|Lanka]]'' || Sai ||
|-
| ''[[Kaadhali (2017 film)|Kaadhali]]'' || Kranti ||
|-
| 2018 || ''Masakali'' || Suriya || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/masakkali-joins-the-vinayaka-chaviti-release-race/articleshow/65729697.cms | title=Masakkali joins the Vinayaka Chaviti-release race - Times of India | work=The Times of India | date=8 September 2018 | access-date=2020-03-01 | archive-date=2021-10-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018101045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/masakkali-joins-the-vinayaka-chaviti-release-race/articleshow/65729697.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Pressure Cooker (2020 film)|Pressure Cooker]]'' || Kishore ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''Chalo Premiddam''
| Atma Rao
|
|-
| ''[[Bro (2021 film)|Bro]]'' || Savyasachi || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/bro/ottmoviereview/87830792.cms|title=BRO Review: A poignant tale of a grieving brother|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-01-10|archive-date=2022-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110023100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/bro/ottmoviereview/87830792.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|''[[Ante Sundaraniki]]''
|Vamsi
|[[Cameo appearance]]
|-
|''[[Odela Railway Station]]''
|Anudeep
|
|-
|''[[Raajahyogam (film)|Raajahyogam]]''
| Rishi
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
| ''[[Popcorn (2023 film)|Popcorn]]'' || Pavan ||
|-
| [[Kanulu Therichinaa Kanulu Moosinaa|''Kanulu Therichinaa Kanulu Moosinaa'']]|| Puneeth ||
|-
| ''[[Circle (2023 film)|Circle]]'' || Kailash ||
|-
| ''[[Nireekshana (2023 film)|Nireekshana]]'' || Gautham || Only dubbed version released<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzcJIfv1pew|title=Latest Tamil Thriller Movie 2023 {{!}} Miratchi Full Movie 2K {{!}} Jithan Ramesh {{!}} Ena Saha {{!}} Shraddha Das|work=YouTube|date=27 July 2023|access-date=28 December 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228044554/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzcJIfv1pew&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|[[Rewind (2024 film)|''Rewind'']]
|Karthik
|
|-
|''[[Laggam]]''
|Chaitanya
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
|[[Viral Prapancham|''Viral Prapancham'']]
|Ravi
|
|-
|[[Aaryan (film)|''Aaryan'']]
|Kailash
|[[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]]
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Network
!Notes
|-
| 2021 || ''[[3 Roses (TV series)|3 Roses]]'' || Chandu || [[aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
|
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Dead Pixels (2023 TV series)|Dead Pixels]]'' || Roshan || [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dead Pixels Season 1 Review: The niche series appeals to online gamers; others might find dead pixels |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/dead-pixels/season-1/seasonreview/100307059.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520073644/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/dead-pixels/season-1/seasonreview/100307059.cms |archive-date=2023-05-20 |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|8128051}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ronak, Sai}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

K. G. Sankara Pillai

2025-11-05T02:23:02Z

TeenaDease50: added article.

{{short description|Indian poet (born 1948)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = K. G. Sankara Pillai
| pseudonym =
| other_name =
| image = K G sankarapillai.jpg
| birth_date = 1948
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Poet]], [[human rights activist]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| alma_mater =
| nationality = Indian
| genre =
| subject =
| notableworks = ''K. G. Sankara Pillayude Kavithakal 1969-1996'', ''KGS Kavithakal 1997-2007''
| movement =
| influences =
| influenced =
| spouse =
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]], [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
| website =
}}
'''K. G. Sankara Pillai''' (born 1948) is an Indian [[poet]]. He came into prominence in the 1970s with the publication of the poem "Bengal" and is now one of the most popular among the modernist poets of Kerala. A recipient of the state and central [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]s in 1998 and 2002 respectively, his writings in [[Malayalam]] have been translated into many Indian languages, as well as Chinese, French, German, English and Sinhala.

He has been a teacher of literature, starting as a lecturer in 1971 and retiring in 2002 from the post of Principal of [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam|Maharaja's College]], [[Ernakulam]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/a-legacy-of-creativity/article4501728.ece "A legacy of creativity"]. ''The Hindu''. Retrieved 13 June 2013.</ref> He is also an accomplished translator, publishing in Malayalam translations of poetry from different parts of the world. He has also been the editor of several important literary journals, such as ''Prasakthi'' and ''Samakaleena Kavitha''. He has published a collection of writings on different aspects of theatre, titled ''Samvidhayaka Sankalpam''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100628033804/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/23/stories/2010062351080200.htm "Sankara Pillai's collection of essays released"]. ''The Hindu''. Retrieved 13 June 2013.</ref>

Closely associated with the human rights and civil rights movements in Kerala, Pillai was the Chairperson of ''Jananeethi'', a human rights organisation.

==Major works==
* ''Kochiyile Vrikshangal'' ([[Mulberry Publications|Mulberry]], [[Kozhikode]], 1994)
* ''K. G. Sankara Pillayude Kavithakal 1969-1996'' ([[DC Books]], [[Kottayam]], 1997)
* ''KGS Kavithakal 1997-2007'' (DC Books, Kottayam, 2008)
* ''Samvidhayaka Sankalpam'' ([[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]], [[Thrissur]], 2010)

==Awards==
* 1998: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] for ''K. G. Sankara Pillayude Kavithakal 1969-1996''
* 2002: [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Malayalam|Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]] for ''K. G. Sankara Pillayude Kavithakal 1969-1996''
* 2008: [[Malayalam Literary Awards#P. Kunhiraman Nair Award|P. Kunhiraman Nair Award]]
* 2009: [[Malayalam Literary Awards#Odakkuzhal Award|Odakkuzhal Award]]
* 2009: Habeeb Valappad Award
* 2011: Pandalam Kerala Varma Poetry Award for ''KGS Kavithakal 1997-2007''
* 2018: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/akademi-fellowships-for-mukundan-sankara-pillai/article30369408.ece |title=Akademi fellowships for Mukundan, Sankara Pillai |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 December 2019 |accessdate=31 July 2022}}</ref>
* 2020: [[Kadammanitta Ramakrishnan Award]]<ref>[https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2020/02/19/kadammanitta-ramakrishnan-award-kg-sankarapillai.html "കടമ്മനിട്ട രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ പുരസ്കാരം കെ.ജി.ശങ്കരപിള്ളയ്ക്ക്"]. ''Malayala Manorama''. February 19, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.</ref>
* 2025- Ezhuthachan Puraskaram<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/poet-kg-sankara-pillai-wins-kerala-governments-ezhuthachhan-prize-for-literature-for-2025/article70228923.ece | title=Poet K.G. Sankara Pillai wins Kerala government’s Ezhuthachan prize for literature for 2025 | date=November 2, 2025 | agency=The Hindu | accessdate=5 November 2025 | location=Thiruvanathapuram | pages=5}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.gurusmarana.ihrd.ac.in/profile.php?teacher=557 Profile of K. G. Sankara Pillai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807154825/http://www.gurusmarana.ihrd.ac.in/profile.php?teacher=557 |date=7 August 2020 }}

{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Malayalam}}
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{Gangadhar National Award For Poetry}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, K. G. Sankara}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Hyderabad Black Hawks

2025-11-01T19:20:16Z

TeenaDease50: added a stub.

{{Short description|Indian volleyball team}}
{{Infobox volleyball club
| clubname = Hyderabad Black Hawks
| colour1 = white
| colour2 = #D35400
| short name =
| nickname =
| image = [[File:Hyderabad_Black_Hawks_official_logo.png|300px]]
| fullname =
| founded = {{Start date and age|2018}}
| dissolved =
| ground =
| capacity =
| owner = GlobalArena6 Sports LLP, [[Vijay Devarakonda]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = Zoran Kedacic
| captain = Ranjit Singh
| league = [[Prime Volleyball League]]
| season = [[2022 Prime Volleyball League|2022]]
[[2023 Prime Volleyball League|2023]]
[[2024 Prime Volleyball League|2024]]
| position = 3rd place
5th place
9th place
| pattern_b1 = _JoziStars
| pattern_la1 = _blackborder
| pattern_ra1 = _blackborder
| pattern_sh1 =
| leftarm1 = D35400
| body1 = D35400
| rightarm1 = D35400
| shorts1 = 000000
}}

'''Hyderabad Black Hawks''' (formerly '''Black Hawks Hyderabad''') are a professional men's [[volleyball]] team from [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]] that play in the [[Prime Volleyball League]] in [[India]].<ref name="HBH N18" /> The club is currently owned by GlobalArena6 Sports LLP alongside co-owner, [[Vijay Deverakonda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vijay Deverakonda Becomes Co-owner of Hyderabad Black Hawks Team in Prime Volleyball League |url=https://www.news18.com/news/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-becomes-co-owner-of-hyderabad-black-hawks-team-in-prime-volleyball-league-6897565.html |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The team has competed in three seasons of the [[Prime Volleyball League]], recording their best season in the 2022 edition, finishing as joint-third place winners alongside the [[Calicut Heroes]]. Apart from competing in India's most competitive volleyball franchise league, the ownership has constantly stated their commitment to developing volleyball at the grassroots level in [[India]].

== Franchise History ==

=== Franchise Ownership ===
The franchise was initially founded and owned by Agile Entertainment Pvt Ltd but later GlobalArena6 Sports LLP took over the reins in 2021 alongside [[Vijay Deverakonda]].<ref name=":0" />

A majority of the shares are currently held by the Kankanala Sports Group alongside co-owners Shyam Sundar Reddy and Deepak G. Reddy who are minority partners in the Hyderabad franchise.

The Kankanala Sports Group also owns [[INDE Racing]], [[Telugu Talons]], [[Bengaluru Raptors]] and [[Whizzy Logistics|Whizzy]], a delivery logistics company.

=== Franchise Name ===
The franchise was initially named Black Hawks Hyderabad in 2018 and was owned by Agile Entertainment Pvt Ltd. The name was later changed to Hyderabad Black Hawks following a change of ownership that took place in 2021. The team has retained the name since then, last featuring in the 2024 edition of the [[Prime Volleyball League]].

=== Franchise Participation ===
Prior to the change in ownership the Black Hawks Hyderabad participated in the only season of the dissolved [[Pro Volleyball League]] in 2019.<ref name="HBH PVL Team" /> Ever since the change in ownership, the Hyderabad Black Hawks have participated in three seasons of the [[Prime Volleyball League]], first featuring in 2022 recording their best-ever finish during that season.

=== Franchise Anthem ===
The Hyderabad Black Hawks' team anthem was officially given the title "Hawk Attack", composed by Karthik Kodakandla and was sung by [[Rahul Sipligunj]] and Mangli. The lyrics were written by Giridhar and drums and percussion were provided by [[Sivamani (percussionist)|Sivamani.]] The anthem gained popularity upon its release and has been continued to be used by the Hyderabad Black Hawks since its release. <ref name=":4">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0s2YJ31Uc8 |title=Hyderabad Black Hawks Anthem ft. @TheDeverakonda {{!}} RuPay Prime Volleyball League Powered by A23 |language=en |access-date=2024-05-15 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

== Season History ==

=== Prime Volleyball League, 2022 ===
The inaugural edition of the [[Prime Volleyball League]] saw the participation of seven teams and was held at the Gachibowli Stadium in [[Hyderabad]]. The Hyderabad Black Hawks got off to a flying start, winning their first league game, 4-1, against the [[Kochi Blue Spikers]]. They then went on to win two more games over the course of the season, powering them to a spot in the semi-final.

The Hyderabad Black Hawks and the Calicut Heroes finished with 7 points each in the group stage, with the latter claiming third place as a result of a higher set difference. The [[Hyderabad]] based franchise went down against the [[Ahmedabad Defenders]] in the semi-final and were declared joint-third place winners alongside the [[Calicut Heroes]].

Guru Prasanth recorded 69 points during the season, and won the Emerging Player of the Year Award.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2023 |title=From Prodigy to MVP: The journey of Guru Prasanth - the superstar of Indian volleyball |url=https://www.primevolleyballleague.com/blogs/from-prodigy-to-mvp-the-journey-of-guru-prasanth---the-superstar-of-indian-volleyball |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=Prime Volleyball League |language=en}}</ref> John Joseph was awarded the Blocker of the Season Award; he recorded 17 blocks at a success rate of 40%.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Match Results
!Date
!
!Score
!
!Set 1
!Set 2
!Set 3
!Set 4
!Set 5
!Total Points
|-
! colspan="10" |League Stage
|-
|5 Feb
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
| '''4–1'''
|[[Kochi Blue Spikers]]
|15–12
|15–11
|15–11
|15–10
|13–15
| '''73–59'''
|-
|10 Feb
|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
| '''4–1'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–13
|15–10
|15–12
|15–8
|9–15
| '''69–58'''
|-
|11 Feb
|[[Bengaluru Torpedoes]]
| '''3–2'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–12
|14–15
|15–12
|11–15
|15–13
| '''70–67'''
|-
|13 Feb
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
| '''5–0'''
|[[Chennai Blitz]]
|15–14
|15–11
|15–14
|15–7
|15–13
| '''75–59'''
|-
|15 Feb
|[[Kolkata Thunderbolts]]
| '''2–3'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|8–15
|15–13
|9–15
|12–15
|15–8
| '''59–66'''
|-
|21 Feb
|[[Calicut Heroes]]
| '''5–0'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–14
|15–10
|15–14
|15–14
|15–9
| '''75–61'''
|-
! colspan="10" |Semi-Final
|-
|24 Feb
|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
| '''3–1'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–13
|15–12
|9–15
|15–12
| -
| '''54–52'''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Final Standings (PVL 2022)
!Position
!Team Name
!League stage finish
|-
|'''Champions'''
|[[Kolkata Thunderbolts]]
|2nd
|-
|Runners-up
|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
|1st
|-
|3rd
|[[Calicut Heroes]]
|3rd
|-
|3rd
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|4th
|-
|4th
|[[Bengaluru Torpedoes]]
|5th
|-
|5th
|[[Chennai Blitz]]
|6th
|-
|6th
|[[Kochi Blue Spikers]]
|7th
|}

=== Prime Volleyball League, 2023 ===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |last=volleyballworld.com |title=Prime Volleyball League 2023 - Standings |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/prime-volleyball-league-2023/standings/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=volleyballworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

Prior to the start of the second season of the [[Prime Volleyball League]], the Hyderabad Black Hawks hosted an event that came to be known as Hype Night. The event was organized with the intention of bringing fans up close and personal with the players of the Hyderabad Black Hawks.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BestMediaInfo |title=Hyderabad Black Hawks collaborates with Cake India to organise 'Hype Night' event for volleyball fans |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/02/hyderabad-black-hawks-collaborates-with-cake-india-to-organise-hype-night-event-for-volleyball-fans |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref> As part of Hype Night's festivities, two teams consisting of players from the Hyderabad Black Hawks played out a volleyball match in total darkness illuminated by UV and neon lighting in front of a packed crowd. The on-court volleyball action was accompanied by music and entertainment, and also featured [[Telugu language|Telugu]] actor [[Vijay Deverakonda|Vijay Devarakonda]].<ref name=":2" />

The second edition of the [[Prime Volleyball League]] saw the participation of eight teams and was played across three Indian cities, namely [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Kochi]]. The Hyderabad Black Hawks got off to a strong start before facing two consecutive defeats. They then managed to turn their form around but were unfortunate not to make the semi-final, as they missed out by the narrowest of margins, failing to secure qualification as a result of a poor set difference of -5.

Guru Prasanth wore the captain's armband for the 2023 season, becoming the first player to score more than 100 points in a single season. He finished the season with a total of 114 points, picking up the MVP award<ref name=":3" />in the process. The [[Ahmedabad Defenders]] went on to become the champions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=volleyballworld.com |title=Prime Volleyball League 2023 - Standings |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/prime-volleyball-league-2023/standings/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=volleyballworld.com |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Match Results
!Date
!
!Score
!
!Set 1
!Set 2
!Set 3
!Set 4
!Set 5
!Total
|-
! colspan="10" |League Stage
|-
|6 Feb
|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
| '''2–3'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–13
|9–15
|14–15
|11–15
|15–10
|'''64–68'''
|-
|8 Feb
|[[Kolkata Thunderbolts]]
| '''4–1'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–13
|15–7
|15–9
|15–12
|8–15
|'''68–56'''
|-
|11 Feb
|[[Calicut Heroes]]
| '''4–1'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–14
|15–12
|15–11
|4–15
|15–14
|'''64–66'''
|-
|15 Feb
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
| '''3–2'''
|[[Kochi Blue Spikers]]
|15–13
|10–15
|15–13
|15–6
|13–15
|'''68–62'''
|-
|18 Feb
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
| '''3–2'''
|[[Chennai Blitz]]
|10–15
|15–14
|15–9
|12–15
|15–11
|'''67–64'''
|-
|21 Feb
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
| '''3–2'''
|[[Bengaluru Torpedoes]]
|15–13
|14–15
|9–15
|15–10
|15–12
|'''68–65'''
|-
|26 Feb
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
| '''1–4'''
|Mumbai Meteors
|15–14
|9–15
|12–15
|11–15
|8–15
|'''55–74'''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Final Standings (PVL 2023)
!Position
!Team Name
!League Stage Finish
|-
|'''Champions'''
|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
|2nd
|-
|Runners-up
|[[Bengaluru Torpedoes]]
|4th
|-
|3rd
|[[Calicut Heroes]]
|3rd
|-
|4th
|[[Kolkata Thunderbolts]]
|1st
|-
|5th
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|5th
|-
|6th
|Mumbai Meteors
|6th
|-
|7th
|[[Kochi Blue Spikers]]
|7th
|-
|8th
|[[Chennai Blitz]]
|8th
|}

=== Prime Volleyball League, 2024 ===
Source:<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=volleyballworld.com |title=Prime Volleyball League 2024 - Standings |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/prime-volleyball-league/standings/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=volleyballworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

Before the start of season three of the [[Prime Volleyball League]], the Hyderabad Black Hawks hosted the VD Black Hawks Open'24, which was a grassroots level volleyball tournament. The tournament was powered by [[RuPay]], with [[Red Bull]] serving as the official energy partner. The VD Black Hawks Open'24 was primarily held in [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad|Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University]], [[Hyderabad]]. The tournament was aimed at developing volleyball at the grassroots level in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking states of [[India]], and provided for the tournament winners to get a chance to train with the players of the Hyderabad Black Hawks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2024-02-08 |title=VD Black Hawks volleyball tournament from January 19 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/vd-black-hawks-volleyball-tournament-from-january-19 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

The inaugural season of the VD Black Hawks Open '24 saw the participation of over 3000 players and 300+ teams, and was held across 16 different locations. The final of the tournament was held in Gachibowli Stadium and was played between [[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]] and [[Nellore]]. [[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]] was crowned as the winner of the VD Black Hawks Open '24.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=2024-02-09 |title=Vijay Deverakonda Black Hawks Open 24 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/other-sports/vijay-deverakonda-black-hawks-open-24-881568 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> As part of the VD Black Hawks Open '24, players of the Hyderabad Black Hawks played out an exhibition match among themselves. [[Vijay Deverakonda|Vijay Devarakonda]] presented the tournament winners with the award and also revealed the jersey for the season.

The most recent edition of the [[Prime Volleyball League]] saw the participation of nine teams and was held in the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium]] in [[Chennai]]. The Hyderabad Black Hawks finished last in the league stage recording just one win against the Mumbai Meteors. The [[Calicut Heroes]] won their maiden [[Prime Volleyball League]] title.<ref name=":5" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Match Results
!Date
!
!Score
!
!Set 1
!Set 2
!Set 3
!Set 4
!Set 5
!Total
|-
! colspan="10" |League Stage
|-
|17 Feb
|[[Chennai Blitz]]
|'''3–0'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|16–14
|15–11
|15–7
| -
| -
|'''46–32'''
|-
|19 Feb
|Mumbai Meteors
|'''2–3'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–7
|15–12
|10–15
|11–15
|18-20
|'''69–49'''
|-
|22 Feb
|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
|'''3–0'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|17–15
|15–13
|15–11
| -
| -
|'''47–39'''
|-
|26 Feb
|Delhi Toofans
|'''3-1'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–11
|13–15
|15–9
|15–11
| -
|'''58–46'''
|-
|29 Feb
|[[Kolkata Thunderbolts]]
|'''3-1'''
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|15–8
|15–8
|11–15
|20–18
| -
|'''61–49'''
|-
|02 Mar
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|'''0-3'''
|[[Calicut Heroes]]
|13–15
|16–18
|14–16
| -
| -
|'''43–49'''
|-
|04 Mar
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|'''0-3'''
|[[Bengaluru Torpedoes]]
|6–15
|11–15
|12–15
| -
| -
|'''29–45'''
|-
|09 Mar
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|'''0-3'''
|[[Kochi Blue Spikers]]
|12–15
|12–15
|11–15
| -
| -
|'''35–45'''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Final Standings (PVL 2024)
!Position
!Team Name
!League Stage Finish
|-
|'''Champions'''
|[[Calicut Heroes]]
|1st
|-
|Runners-up
|Delhi Toofans
|2nd
|-
|3rd
|[[Ahmedabad Defenders]]
|3rd
|-
|4th
|[[Bengaluru Torpedoes]]
|4th
|-
|5th
|Mumbai Meteors
|5th
|-
|6th
|[[Chennai Blitz]]
|6th
|-
|7th
|[[Kolkata Thunderbolts]]
|7th
|-
|8th
|[[Kochi Blue Spikers]]
|8th
|-
|9th
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|9th
|}

== Overall Season Summary ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Team
!Competition
!Year
!Finish
!Matches Won
!Matches Lost
|-
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|[[Prime Volleyball League]]
|2022
|3rd
|3
|3
|-
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|[[Prime Volleyball League]]
|2023
|5th
|4
|3
|-
|Hyderabad Black Hawks
|[[Prime Volleyball League]]
|2024
|9th
|1
|7
|}

== Honors ==

=== Prime Volleyball League, 2022 ===
* Emerging player of the year - Guru Prasanth<ref name=":3" />
* Blocker of the Season - John Joseph<ref name=":3" />

=== Prime Volleyball League, 2023 ===
* Most valuable player (MVP) - Guru Prasanth<ref name=":3" />

==Current roster==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"
! colspan="6" | Team roster 2024<ref name="HBH PVL Team" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyderabad Black Hawks {{!}} Prime Volleyball League Team |url=https://www.primevolleyballleague.com/squad |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Prime Volleyball League |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! style=" text-align:center;" |No.
! style=" text-align:center; width:16em" |Name
! style=" text-align:center; width:9em" |Position
!'''Jersey no.'''
|-
| 1|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Sahil Kumar || Universal
|7
|-
| 2|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Lal Sujan MV (VC) || Setter
|13
|-
| 3|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Ranjit Singh (C) || Setter
|4
|-
| 4|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Deepu Venugopal || Libero
|1
|-
| 5|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Naveen Jagadesan || Libero
|18
|-
| 6|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Abhilash Chaudhary || Blocker
|14
|-
| 7|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} John Joseph || Blocker
|17
|-
| 8|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Prince || Blocker
|10
|-
| 9|| align="left" |{{flagicon|Serbia}} Stefan Kovačević || Blocker
|3
|-
| 10|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Ashamatullah || Attacker
|5
|-
| 11|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Ashok || Attacker
|11
|-
| 12|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Hemanth P || Attacker
|2
|-
| 13|| align="left" |{{flagicon|Venezuela}} Iván Fernández || Attacker
|8
|-
| 14|| align="left" |{{flagicon|India}} Niyas Abdul Salam || Attacker
|9
|}

==Administration and Support Staff==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; width:55%;"
|-
! style=" text-align:center;" | Position<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team |url=https://www.hyderabadblackhawks.com/team |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Hyderabadblackhawks |language=en}}</ref>
! style=" text-align:center;" | Name
|-
|Owner|| GlobalArena6 Sports LLP
|-
|Head coach|| {{flagicon|IND}} Rajesh Kumar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyderabad Black Hawks {{!}} Prime Volleyball League Team |url=https://www.primevolleyballleague.com/squads/hyderabad-black-hawks-64 |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=Prime Volleyball League |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Assistant Coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Rahul Sangwan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyderabad Black Hawks {{!}} Prime Volleyball League Team |url=https://www.primevolleyballleague.com/squads/hyderabad-black-hawks-64 |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=Prime Volleyball League |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Physio||{{flagicon|IND}} Dr. Ravi
|-
|Strength and Conditioning Coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mani
|-
|Team Managers
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sanjay Saji, {{flagicon|IND}} Rathan Kumar
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=


<ref name="HBH PVL Team">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Hyderabad Black Hawks {{!}} Prime Volleyball League Team |url=https://primevolleyballleague.com/hyderabad-black-hawks/ |access-date= |publisher=primevolleyballleague.com}}</ref>

<ref name="HBH N18">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Ready to Compete': Hyderabad Black Hawks and Kochi Blue Spikers Set for Prime Volleyball League Opener |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/ready-to-compete-hyderabad-black-hawks-and-kochi-blue-spikers-set-for-prime-volleyball-league-opener-4734488.html |access-date=4 February 2022 |publisher=[[News 18]]}}</ref>

}}

{{Prime Volleyball League}}
[[Category:Prime Volleyball League teams]]
[[Category:Men's volleyball teams]]
[[Category:Volleyball clubs in India]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Telangana]]

Kharibari (community development block)

2025-10-08T00:03:23Z

TeenaDease50: correct information

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kharibari
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kharibari in Darjeeling (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.5719472|N|88.1474304|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 144.88
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 109,251
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Phansidewa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Phansidewa]]
| website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kharibari''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Siliguri subdivision]] of the [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Kharibari is located at {{coord|26.5719472|N|88.1474304|E|format=dms|}}.

Kharibari CD block is a part of the Western Dooars, a physiographic region spread over the foothills of the Himalayas. It is a plain land gently sloping from north to south, with an elevation varying from 80 m to 300 m.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Page 13: Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> The [[Mechi River|Mechi]] forms the international boundary with Nepal on the western side.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Pages 15-17: Drainage| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Kharibari CD block is bounded by the [[Naxalbari (community development block)|Naxalbari]] CD block on the north, [[Phansidewa (community development block)|Phansidewa]] CD block on the east, Thakurganj CD block in [[Kishanganj district]] of Bihar on the south and [[Jhapa District]] in [[Province No. 1]] of Nepal on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Map of Darjeeling district on the fifth page| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/bihar/tehsil/kishanganj.html | title = Tehsil Map of Kishenganj| publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/nepal/pdf/findexmap.pdf| title = Map of Nepal by district | publisher = Nepal|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

The Kharibari CD block has an area of 144.88 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 4 [[gram panchayat]]s, 79 gram sansads (village councils), 76 [[mouza]]s and 73 inhabited villages. [[Kharibari#Police station|Kharibari]] police station serves this block<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2001>{{cite web| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| title = Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4| publisher = Census Commissioner of India| work = Census of India 2001, Darjeeling district (01)| access-date = 12 February 2020| url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040244/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| archive-date = 19 July 2011| df = dmy-all}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Kharibari]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Darjiling | work= Map of District Darjiling with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Kharibari CD block are: Binnabari, Buraganj, Kharibari-Panishali and Raniganj-Panishali.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/misc/District-Detail.pdf | title = Egiye Bangla Darjeeling | work= Miscellaneous - District Detail| publisher = District administration |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Kharibari CD block had a total population of 109,251, of which 97,399 were rural and 11,852 were urban. There were 55,671 (51%) males and 53,580 (49%) females. There were 14,931 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 58,570 (53.61%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 21,262 (19.46%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Census town]]s in the Kharibari CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Shyamdhan]] (5,192) and [[Kharibari]] (6,660).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Kharibari CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Uttar Ramdhan (6,892), Gandagal (4,363) and Pataram (4,141).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Kharibari CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Buraganja (616).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Kharibari CD block was 63,540 (67.37% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 36,565 (76.00% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 26,975 (58.37% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 17.63%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD blocks of Darjeeling district (2011) |collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Kharibari CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|91.01}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|Green|4.59}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|3.70}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.70}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 99,430 and formed 91.01% of the population in the Kharibari CD block. Muslims numbered 5,012 and formed 4.59% of the population. Christians numbered 4,047 and formed 3.70% of the population. Buddhists numbered 391 and formed 0.36% of the population. Others numbered 371 and formed 0.34% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Kharibari CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 36.67 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]] |value2 = 26.06 |color2 = plum
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 8.05 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value4 = 7.44 |color4 = darkturquoise
|label5 = [[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] |value5 = 7.34 |color5 = burlywood
|label6 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value6 = 4.35 |color6 = lightcoral
|label7 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value7 = 3.70 |color7 = mediumseagreen
|label8 = 'Other' Bengali |value8 = 1.85 |color8 = mediumpurple
|label9 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value9 = 1.42 |color9 = gold
|label10 = Others |value10 = 3.12 |color10 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 36.67% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 26.06% [[Rangpuri language|Rajbongshi]], 8.05% [[Hindi]], 7.44% [[Santali language|Santali]], 7.34% [[Nagpuri language|Sadri]], 4.35% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 3.70% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] and 1.42% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as their first language. 1.85% were recorded as speaking 'Others' under Bengali.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural Poverty==
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 24.40% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title = West Bengal Summary| work = Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020| archive-date = 13 January 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113235534/http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref> According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 4-9% of the population in Darjeeling, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts were below poverty level, the lowest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Kharibari CD block'''
|value1 = 16.29
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 25.56
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 3.72
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 54.53
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Kharibari CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 6,978 and formed 16.29%, agricultural labourers numbered 10,947 and formed 25.56%, household industry workers numbered 1,592 and formed 3.72% and other workers numbered 23.308 and formed 54.96%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 42,825 and formed 39.20% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 66,426 and formed 60.80% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 73 inhabited villages in the Kharibari CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Darjiling, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 13 villages (17.81%) have post offices. 100% villages have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 43 villages (58.90%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 25 villages (34.25%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 1 village (1.37%) has an agricultural credit society and 2 villages (2.74%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 85, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In 2012-13, there were 10 fertiliser depots, 10 seed stores and 22 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in Kharibari CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Kharibari CD block produced 15,768 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 7,311 hectares, 1,320 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 978 hectares, 2,340 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 1,017 hectares, 771 tonnes of wheat from 871 hectares, 214 tonnes of maize from 93 hectares, 17,722 tonnes of jute from 1,218 hectares, 24,197 tonnes of potatoes from 801 hectares and 523 tonnes of sugar cane from 5 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Tea gardens===
[[Darjeeling tea]] “received the iconic status due to its significant aroma, taste and colour… the first Indian product to be marked with the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag in 2003… As per the definition, “Darjeeling Tea” can only refer to tea that has been cultivated, grown, produced, manufactured and processed in tea gardens in few specific hilly areas of the district.” Apart from the hill areas, tea is also grown in the plain areas of the terai and dooars, but such gardens are not covered under the GI tag.<ref name=tea>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 26: Tea industry of Darjeeling district | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

As of 2009-10, there were 87 tea gardens covered under the GI tag, employing 51,091 persons. Total land under cultivation was 17,828.38 hectares and total production was 7.36 million kg. A much larger population is indirectly dependent on the tea industry in the district. The average annual production including those from the plain areas, exceeds 10 million kg.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 5.3 (f): Area, production and employment in the tea industry | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=tea/>

As of 2013, Darjeeling subdivision had 46 tea estates, Kalimpong subdivision had 29 tea estates and Kurseong subdivision had 6 tea gardens. This added up to 81 tea estates in the hill areas. Bannackburn Tea Estate and Lingia Tea Estate in Darjeeling were the first to come up in 1835. Siliguri subdivision in the terai region had 45 tea estates.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://wblc.gov.in/download/Synopsis-of-Tea-Garden-Survey-Final-Report.pdf | title = Synopsis on Survey of Tea Gardens| publisher = Regional Labour Offices under jurisdiction of Joint Labour Commissioner, North Bengal Zone |access-date = 5 March 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012-13, Kharibari CD block had offices of 2 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
Kharibari CD block has 2 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest [[Batasi railway station]] is 17 km from the block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2013/>

[[State Highway 12 (West Bengal)|State Highway 12]] passes through Kharibari CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 21 February 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2012-13, Kharibari CD block had 100 primary schools with 12,002 students, 5 middle schools with 1,491 students, 5 high schools with 2,509 students and 6 higher secondary schools with 10,041 students. Kharibari CD block had 254 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,056 students<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Kharibari CD block, among the 73 inhabited villages, 12 villages did not have a school, 21 villages had two or more primary schools, 12 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 7 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 394, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Kharibari CD block had 1 rural hospital, 2 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 40 beds and 14 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 11 family welfare subcentres. 7,044 patients were treated indoor and 95,802 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Kharibari Rural Hospital, with 34 beds at [[Kharibari]], is the major government medical facility in the Darjeeling Kharibari block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Rangali (with 6 beds) and [[Batasi]] (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =28 February 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 February 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Siliguri}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Darjeeling}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Darjeeling district]]

Balha Assembly constituency

2025-09-04T12:58:54Z

TeenaDease50: New basic stub with sources!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Balha
| map_image = 282-Balha.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 282
| district = [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]
| reservation = SC
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Akshaibar Lal]]
| mla = [[Saroj Sonkar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| electors = 3,62,718
}}
'''Balha''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Balha in the [[Bahraich district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.

Balha is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Current MLA is [[Saroj Sonkar]] of [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] who won in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Elected year
!MLA
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |''Before 2008: Constituency does not exist''
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Savitri Bai Fule
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|2014^
|Banshidhar Baudh
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Akshaibar Lal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|2019^
| rowspan="2" |[[Saroj Sonkar]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Balha<ref name="results2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Saroj Sonkar]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:100483}}
|percentage = 46.78
|change = {{decrease}}4.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Akshaybar Nath Kanaujiya
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:83910}}
|percentage = 39.06
|change = {{increase}}24.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramchandra
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:15578}}
|percentage = 7.25
|change = {{decrease}}21.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Laxmi Nagar Sonkar<ref name="AAP 150 list">{{cite news |last1=Bhandari |first1=Shashwat |title=AAP announces 150 candidates for UP elections 2022 {{!}} Check complete list |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/aap-releases-150-candidates-for-uttar-pradesh-polls-2022-check-full-list-2022-01-16-754742 |access-date=27 January 2022 |work=indiatvnews.com |date=16 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:2650}}
|percentage = 1.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Jitendra Kumar
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2491}}
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Deepak
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2242}}
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kiran Bharti
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:2125}}
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2689}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change = {{decrease}}0.45
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:16573}}
|percentage = 7.72
|change = {{decrease}}15.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:214812}}
|percentage = 59.22
|change = {{increase}}1.32
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 elections in India#Uttar Pradesh|UP By-election, 2019]]: Balha<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |accessdate=9 January 2024 |date=25 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Saroj Sonkar]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 89,641
|percentage = 48.34
|change = -3.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kiran Bharti
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 43,154
|percentage = 23.27
|change = +8.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 31,640
|percentage = 17.06
|change = -11.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Baijnath
|party = Jai Hind Samaj Party
|votes = 5745
|percentage = 3.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Ram Dayal
|votes = 4762
|percentage = 2.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Dhanpat Prasad
|votes = 2445
|percentage = 1.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Koyali
|votes = 2244
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2102
|percentage = 1.13
|change = -0.54
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 46,487
|percentage = 25.07
|change = +2.03
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 185430
|percentage = 51.87
|change = -6.03
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Balha<ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Akshaibar Lal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:104135}}
|percentage = 51.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kiran Bharti
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:57519}}
|percentage = 28.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Banshi Dhar Baudh
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:29349}}
|percentage = 14.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3382}}
|percentage = 1.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:46616}}
|percentage = 23.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:202367}}
|percentage = 57.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Election results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bahraich district]]
{{coord|27.84|81.52|display=title}}

Udalguri

2025-07-22T03:38:02Z

TeenaDease50: done...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{original research|date=October 2017}}
{{For|the district|Udalguri district}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Udalguri
| other_name = 
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7452|N|92.0962|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udalguri district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Udalguri Municipal Board
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 4.69
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 180
| population_total = 15279
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 784509
| area_code = 03711 XXXXXX
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = AS-27
| website = {{URL|https://udalguri.assam.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Udalguri''' is a small town and the headquarters of [[Udalguri district]] under the jurisdiction of [[Bodoland Territorial Council]] which controls the [[Bodoland Territorial Region]] in the state of [[Assam]].

==Demographics==

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Udalguri town (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hindu]]
|value1 = 88.88
|color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Christian]]
|value2 = 9.27
|color2 = blue
|label3 = [[Muslim]]
|value3 = 1.67
|color3 = green
|label4 = others
|value4 = 0.18
|color4 = brown}}
As per 2011 census, population of Udalguri town was 15,279. Literacy rate of Udalguri town was 88.33%.

===Language===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Udalguri (2011)<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |format=XLSX |title=Population By Mother Tongue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724114008/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |archive-date=24 Jul 2018}}</ref>
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value2 = 17.00
|color2 = Red
|label3 = [[Bodo language|Bodo]]
|value3 = 15.97
|color3 = green
|label4 = [[Hindi]]
|value4 = 9.20
|color4 = orange
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|value1 = 49.67
|color1 = Yellow
|label5 = others
|value5 = 9.16
|color5 = purple}}

Assamese is the most spoken language at 7,590 speakers, followed by Bengali at 2,598, Bodo is spoken by 2,440 people and Hindi at 1,405.

==Transport==
Udalguri is the main railway station of Udalguri town. [[Udalguri railway station]] is a railway station on [[Rangiya–Murkongselek section]] under [[Rangiya railway division]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]].

== Politics ==
Udalguri is part of [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-06
|work = Assam
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2006-05-04
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://udalguri.assam.gov.in/ Udalguri District Official Website ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419051307/https://udalguri.assam.gov.in/ |date=19 April 2025 }}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Udalguri district| ]]

[[as:ওদালগুৰি জিলা]]

Sivakasi factory explosion

2025-06-29T19:12:19Z

TeenaDease50: info

{{Short description|2012 explosion at an unlicensed fireworks factory in India}}
{{Old news|date=March 2024}}

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox News event
|date=5 September 2012
|place=[[Sivakasi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|casualties1=40 deaths
|casualties2=70 + injuries
}}

The '''2012 Sivakasi factory explosion''' was an [[explosion]] at the Om Sakthi Fireworks Industries [[fireworks]] factory in [[Sivakasi]], India, on 5 September 2012. Forty people were killed and more than 70 were injured. The explosion occurred in a fireworks factory which did not have a valid licence.

==Background==

[[Sivakasi]], in [[Tamil Nadu]] in southern India, is considered the "fireworks capital" of India. The town produces more than 90% of India's fireworks and India is the second largest producer of fireworks in the world, next to [[China]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19596089 ''Sivakasi: India's dangerous fireworks capital ''] ([[BBC News]], 22 September 2012)</ref> More than 700 factories in Sivakasi make approximately $360 million worth of fireworks every year.<ref name=nyt>[http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/08/safety-problems-persist-in-indias-firecracker-industry/ ''Safety Problems Persist in India’s Firecracker Industry''] by Anupama Chandrasekaran ([[New York Times]], 8 September 2012)</ref>

The Om Sakthi Fireworks Industries complex consisted of a single larger factory unit and 48 ancillary units. The company's fireworks license had been suspended only days earlier for violation of worker safety rules. Local police officials stated that the factory should have been closed at the time, owing to the suspension.<ref name=blaze>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19486175 ''Blaze at India fireworks factory "kills 34"''] ([[BBC News]], 5 September 2012)</ref> Instead, more than 300 people were working in the facility when the explosion occurred.<ref name=toi1>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120908071445/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-05/chennai/33614489_1_cracker-factory-sivakasi-factory-fire-factory-premises ''Sivakasi factory fire: 54 charred to death in the incident''] ([[The Times of India]], 5 September 2012)</ref>
With the [[Hindu festival]] of [[Diwali]] only weeks away, fireworks producers were reportedly under pressure to maintain high production levels.<ref name=toi2/><ref name=hindustan2>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/TamilNadu/Sivakasi-fire-12-arrested-hunt-on-for-owner/Article1-925524.aspx ''Sivakasi fire: 12 arrested, hunt on for owner''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123109/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/TamilNadu/Sivakasi-fire-12-arrested-hunt-on-for-owner/Article1-925524.aspx |date=2012-09-10 }} ([[Hindustan Times]], 6 September 2012)</ref>

==Explosion==

The explosion occurred while workers were mixing certain chemicals to produce fireworks.<ref name=hindustan>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/TamilNadu/Sivakasi-fire-unit-mishap-36-killed-PM-Sonia-express-grief/Article1-924845.aspx ''Sivakasi fire unit mishap: 36 killed; PM, Sonia express grief''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103173436/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/TamilNadu/Sivakasi-fire-unit-mishap-36-killed-PM-Sonia-express-grief/Article1-924845.aspx |date=2012-11-03 }} ([[Hindustan Times]], 6 September 2012)</ref> Some reports suggest the high ambient temperature in the factory, reported to be {{convert|69|C|F}}, may have been a factor.<ref name=toi2/> The initial explosion and a subsequent series of explosions could be heard more than two [[kilometres]] away.<ref name=hindustan/>
[[Firefighter]] entry to the buildings was delayed by a lack of equipment, including [[Self-contained breathing apparatus|breathing apparatus]].<ref name=toi1/> Efforts to treat victims were also delayed due to inadequate facilities at several local hospitals.<ref name=hindustan/> It took more than five hours for fire fighters to extinguish the fire.<ref name=blaze/>

The initial death toll was 37,<ref name=ndtv>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/sivakasi-major-fire-at-fire-cracker-factory-37-dead-263337 ''Sivakasi: Major fire at fire-cracker factory, 37 dead''] by J Sam Daniel Stalin (NDTV, 6 September 2012)</ref> followed by reports several weeks later of a final confirmed total of 40 deaths and more than 70 injuries.<ref name=toi2>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140101094459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-05/chennai/34926095_1_fireworks-hub-mudalipatti-incident-fireworks-units ''Season arrives but the festive spirit is missing in Sivakasi''] by J Arockiaraj ([[The Times of India]], 5 November 2012)</ref> Fatalities included factory workers and local villagers who walked in after the initial fire.<ref name=blaze/>

==Aftermath==

Immediately after the incident, authorities began enforcing existing regulations, conducting raids and inspections, forcing some factories to close and cancelling several licences and as a consequence, 150 fireworks production units had been closed.<ref name=toi2/> 12 people were arrested, including the factory manager, and were charged with [[culpable homicide]]. The owner of Om Sakthi Fireworks Industries absconded soon after the incident and could not be found by police. Responding to reports of the arrests, local authorities called for a higher-level inquiry into the incident.<ref name=hindustan2/>

The following day (7 September), Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa Jayaram]] announced a "magisterial probe" to determine how the factory was allowed to continue even after its licence had been suspended.<ref name=hindustan3>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Chennai/Death-toll-39-Jayalalithaa-orders-probe-into-blaze/Article1-925757.aspx ''Death toll 39; Jayalalithaa orders probe into blaze''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123541/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Chennai/Death-toll-39-Jayalalithaa-orders-probe-into-blaze/Article1-925757.aspx |date=2012-09-10 }} ([[Hindustan Times]], 7 September 2012)</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Fireworks accidents and incidents}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivakasi factory explosion}}
[[Category:Explosions in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2010s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Disasters in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Virudhunagar district]]
[[Category:2012 industrial disasters]]
[[Category:Fireworks accidents and incidents in India]]
[[Category:Factory fires]]
[[Category:Building and structure fires in India]]
[[Category:September 2012 in India]]
^10Investigation Report No. ACC/SS/12/8 dated 07-Jan-2013 Submitted by Dr.R.Venugopal, Controller of Explosives, PESO, Sivakasi

Gollapalle

2025-05-11T10:55:57Z

TeenaDease50: created initial page added tags - done

'''Gollapalle''', '''Gollapalli''' or '''Gollapally''' is the name of several places in India and is a Telugu surname:

== Places ==
* [[Gollapalli, Eluru district]] a village in Eluru district, Andhra Pradesh
* [[Gollapalli, Krishnagiri district]] is a village in Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu
* [[Gollapally, Ranga Reddy district]]
* [[Chinna Gollapally]]
* [[Gollapally, Karimnagar]], Telangana
* Gollapalle, Duvvur Mandal, Kadapa District

== Surname ==
* [[Samuel Gollapalle]]

=== See also ===
* [[Palli (disambiguation)]]

{{Disambiguation|geo}}
[[Category:Telugu-language surnames]]