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Sanjay Kumar Paswan

2026-05-08T17:55:43Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting some bio nd citations!

{{Tone|date=November 2025}}{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1973)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sanjay Kumar Paswan
| image =
| caption = Sanjay Kumar Paswan in 2025
| birth_date = 05 August 1973
| birth_place = [[Begusarai]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Bakhri Assembly constituency|Bakhri]]
| term_start2 = 14 November 2025
| party = [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]
| occupation = Politician
| predecessor2 = [[Suryakant Paswan]], [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| other_party = [[Lok Janshakti Party]] (till 2021) 
| office = Minister of Sugarcane Industries [[Government of Bihar]]<ref name="Chirag Paswan Loyalist Sanjay Paswan Secures Ministerial Berth, Leaving LJP State Chief Raju Tiwari Aside">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Chirag Paswan Loyalist Sanjay Paswan Secures Ministerial Berth, Leaving LJP State Chief Raju Tiwari Aside |url=https://patnapress.com/sanjay-paaswan-bakhri-rise-minister-bihar/ |access-date=22 November 2025 |publisher=Patna Press |date=20 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251122140932/https://patnapress.com/sanjay-paaswan-bakhri-rise-minister-bihar/ |archive-date=22 November 2025}}</ref>
| term_start = 07 May 2026
| 1namedata = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| predecessor = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| successor =
| term_start1 = 20 November 2025
| term_end1 = 15 April 2026
| 1namedata1 = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| predecessor1 = [[Krishnanandan Paswan]]
| successor1 = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
}}

'''Sanjay Kumar Paswan''' (born 5 August 1973) is an Indian politician from Bihar and a member of the [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]. He is currently serving as the '''Minister of Sugarcane industries''' of '''Bihar'''. He has been elected as the Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Bakhri Assembly constituency|Bakhri]] in the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], where he defeated the incumbent MLA [[Suryakant Paswan]] of the [[Communist Party of India]] by a margin of 17,318 votes.<ref name="results">{{cite web |title=Bakhri Election Result 2025 |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bakhri-election-result-2025-ljp-ram-vilas-sanjay-paswan-vs-cpi-suryakant-paswan-vote-counting-win-loss-vidhan-sabha-chunav-parinam/4218844/lite/ |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref>

He is regarded as one of the prominent leaders of the [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]] in Bihar and serves as the Principal General Secretary of the Bihar state unit.<ref name="etv">{{cite web |title=LJP leader Sanjay Paswan says party ready to contest 143 seats |date=29 September 2020 |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/patna/ljp-leader-sanjay-paswan-said-party-ready-to-contest-143-seats/bh20200929211240260 |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> He is also known for his long association with [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] founder [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] and the [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|LJP(R)]] national president and [[Ministry of Food Processing Industries|Union Minister]] [[Chirag Paswan]].<ref name="etv" />

==Early life and education==
Sanjay Kumar Paswan was born on 5 August 1973 in Begusarai, Bihar, to Gulab Paswan and Sona Devi.<ref name="myneta">{{cite web |title=Sanjay Kumar Paswan Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Bihar2025/candidate.php?candidate_id=996 |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> He completed his Bachelor of Arts from Hindi Vidyapeeth, Deoghar, in 1998.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

==Political career==
[[Bakhri]], located in [[Begusarai]] district, is considered one of the most politically active and historically significant constituencies in Bihar.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakhri Constituency |url=https://famethename.com/sanjay-paswan-biography-ljp-bihar-minister-age-career-education-net-worth/}}</ref> The seat came into existence in 1951 and was reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] after the 2008 delimitation. Left parties, particularly the [[Communist Party of India]], winning 11 out of 17 elections held before 2025.<ref name="live">{{cite web |title=Demand rises for Sanjay Paswan's inclusion in new cabinet after Bakhri victory |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/begusarai/story-demand-for-inclusion-of-sanjay-paswan-in-new-cabinet-after-victory-in-bakri-assembly-elections-201763216039001.amp.html |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref>

In the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Paswan secured 98,511 votes and defeated [[Suryakant Paswan]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] by 17,318 votes, ending decades of left dominance in the constituency.<ref name="eci">{{cite web |title=ECI Results – Bakhri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04147.htm |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> Following the election, several political observers and party workers demanded his inclusion in the upcoming state cabinet because Bakhri has never been represented in the state ministry since independence.<ref name="live" /> He was ultimately inducted into the ministry.

==Positions in party==
* Principal General Secretary, Bihar State Unit, [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]<nowiki>{{</nowiki>
* Senior leader and long-time associate of [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] and [[Chirag Paswan]]<ref name="etv" />

==Social work==
Paswan has been involved in welfare activities focused on Dalit empowerment, rural development, and support for economically weaker families in Begusarai district. His initiatives include village-level awareness drives, community outreach programmes, and assistance to marginalized communities.<ref name="live" />

==Electoral performance==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Constituency !! Party !! Votes !! Result
|-
| 2025 || Bakhri || [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]] || 98,511 || Won by 17,318 votes<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Bakhri">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Bakhri |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04147.htm |access-date=22 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251122140731/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04147.htm |archive-date=22 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bakhri Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Bakhri Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/bakhri |access-date=22 November 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251122140747/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/bakhri |archive-date=22 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Personal life==
Paswan is married.<ref name="myneta" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paswan, Sanjay Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:People from Begusarai district]]

Naoda Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T14:45:32Z

Teamaksharhospital: Article.

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Naoda
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Naoda.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Naoda Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Humayun Kabir (AJUP politician)|Humayun Kabir]]
| party = [[Aam Janata Unnayan Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Baharampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baharampur]]
| constituency_no = 74
| established = 1951
| electors = 247,688
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Naoda Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Murshidabad district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 74 Naoda Assembly constituency covers [[Naoda (community development block)|Naoda]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and Chaitannapur I, Chaitannapur II, Madda and Mahula II [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Beldanga I (community development block)|Beldanga I]] community development block.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 13 July 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Naoda Assembly constituency is part of No. 10 [[Baharampur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|rowspan="4"|Mohammad Israil
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Nasiruddin Khan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Progressive Muslim League}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="3"|Jayanta Kumar Biswas
|{{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Nasiruddin Khan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Jayanta Kumar Biswas
|{{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Abu Taher Khan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|2019^
|rowspan="2"|[[Sahina Mumtaz Begum]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[Humayun Kabir (AJUP politician)|Humayun Kabir]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Unnayan Party}}
|}

* ^ = by-election

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Naoda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Humayun Kabir (West Bengal politician)|Humayun Kabir]]|party= Janata Unnayan Party |votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sahina Mumtaz Begum]]|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Motiur Rahaman|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Habibur Rahaman Mandal (Sohel)|party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rana Mandal|party=BJP|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin |title=Bye-election, 2019: Naoda}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Sahina Mumtaz Begum]]
|votes = 82,921
|percentage = 48.07
|change = +24.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sunil Kumar Mondal
|votes = 49,099
|percentage = 28.46
|change = -6.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Anupam Mandal
|votes = 32,379
|percentage = 18.77
|change = +4.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|candidate = Sirajul Islam Mondal
|votes = 6,621
|percentage = 3.84
|change = -19.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,472
|percentage = 0.85
|change = -1.26
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 33,822
|percentage = 19.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,72,492
|percentage = 73.65
|change = -9.57
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +15.10
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011-2019===
In the 2011 election, Abu Taher Khan of Congress defeated his nearest rival Jayanta Biswas of RSP.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Naoda constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=74| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327190528/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=74| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Naoda| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abu Taher Khan
|votes = 80,758
|percentage = 51.60
|change = +3.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|candidate = Jayanta Biswas
|votes = 66,963
|percentage = 42.79
|change = -4.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Biplab Mondal
|votes = 3,774
|percentage = 2.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Social Democratic Party of India
|candidate = Islam Malitiya
|votes = 2,281
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Jayanta Ghosh
|votes = 1,555
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Kashinath Dutta
|votes = 640
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bhagabat Das
|votes = 537
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 156,508
|percentage = 85.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = +8.08
}}
{{Election box end}}
In 2016, he had won in the election and continued his work as M.L.A. In 2019, he stands in Lok Sabha election from Murshidabad constituency from [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]].

===1977–2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> state assembly elections Abu Taher Khan of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] won the Naoda assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Jayanta Kumar Biswas of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Jayanta Kumar Biswas of RSP defeated Nasiruddin Khan of Congress in 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Nasiruddin Khan of Congress defeated Jayanta Kumar Biswas of RSP in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Jayanta Kumar Biswas of RSP defeated Harun Ali Rashid of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and Nasiruddin Khan of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp61.htm | title = 61 - Naoda Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 26 September 2010}}</ref>

===1951–1972===
Nasiruddin Khan, representing [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]] in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> Independent in 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and Progressive Muslim League in 1969,<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> won the Naoda seat. Mohammad Israil of Congress won in 1967,<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]],<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref> and in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 20 July 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Murshidabad topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23

2026-05-03T17:21:04Z

Teamaksharhospital: Added A Bio Initial Version - done

{{short description|International cricket tour}}
{{See also|75 Years of Friendship through Cricket Event}}
{{split|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| team2_image = Flag of Australia.svg
| team2_name = Australia
| from_date = 20 September 2022
| to_date = 22 March 2023
| team1_captain = [[Rohit Sharma]]<ref name="Pandya" group="n">[[Hardik Pandya]] captained India in the first ODI.</ref>
| team2_captain = [[Pat Cummins]]<ref name="Smith" group="n">[[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] captained Australia in the third and fourth Tests.</ref> (Tests) [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] (ODIs) [[Aaron Finch]] (T20Is)
| no_of_tests = 4
| team1_tests_won = 2
| team2_tests_won = 1
| team1_tests_most_runs = [[Virat Kohli]] (297)
| team2_tests_most_runs = [[Usman Khawaja]] (333)
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] (25)
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Nathan Lyon]] (22)
| player_of_test_series = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] (Ind) [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Ind)
| no_of_ODIs = 3
| team1_ODIs_won = 1
| team2_ODIs_won = 2
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[K. L. Rahul]] (116)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Mitchell Marsh]] (194)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Mohammad Siraj]] (5)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Mitchell Starc]] (8)
| player_of_ODI_series = [[Mitchell Marsh]] (Aus)
| no_of_twenty20s = 3
| team1_twenty20s_won = 2
| team2_twenty20s_won = 1
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (115)
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Cameron Green]] (118)
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Axar Patel]] (8)
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Nathan Ellis]] (3) [[Adam Zampa]] (3) [[Josh Hazlewood]] (3)
| player_of_twenty20_series = [[Axar Patel]] (Ind)
}}

The [[Australian cricket team]] toured India in September 2022 to play three [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) matches as a preparatory series before [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]]. They later returned in February and March 2023 to play four [[Test cricket|Test]] and three [[One Day International]] (ODI) matches. The Test matches formed part of the [[2021–2023 World Test Championship|2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/742337 |title=Schedule for inaugural World Test Championship announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |title=Men's Future Tours Programme |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

Australia won the first T20I by 4 wickets, to lead the series 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-1327497/india-vs-australia-1st-t20i-1327503/match-report |title=Wade and Green stun India to ace 209 chase |access-date=25 September 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=20 September 2022 }}</ref> The second T20I was reduced to 8 overs per side due to a wet outfield, with India winning the match by 6 wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-1327497/india-vs-australia-2nd-t20i-1327504/match-report |title=Rohit and Axar help India level the series in eight-over shootout |access-date=25 September 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=23 September 2022 }}</ref> India won the third and final T20I by 6 wickets to win the series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-1327497/india-vs-australia-3rd-t20i-1327505/match-report |title=Kohli, Suryakumar lead exhilarating chase; India take series 2–1 |access-date=25 September 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=25 September 2022 }}</ref>

India won the Test series 2–1,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/mar/13/india-win-series-2-1-after-fourth-test-with-australia-ends-in-a-draw |title=India win series 2–1 after fourth Test with Australia ends in a draw |access-date=14 March 2023 |work=The Guardian|date=13 March 2023 }}</ref> and retained the [[Border–Gavaskar Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/cricket/india-retain-border-gavaskar-trophy-after-dull-draw-1199813.html |title=India retain Border–Gavaskar Trophy after dull draw |access-date=14 March 2023 |work=Deccan Herald|date=13 March 2023 }}</ref> Australia's win in the third Test secured their place in the World Test Championship final.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/wtc-final-equation-what-if-india-draw-or-lose-4th-test-vs-australia-all-qualification-scenarios-explained-101678169680027.html |title=WTC final equation: What if India draw or lose 4th Test vs Australia? All qualification scenarios explained |access-date=14 March 2023 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Results [[Sri Lankan cricket team in New Zealand in 2022–23#1st Test|in other matches]] confirmed that India also qualified for the Championship final after the drawn fourth Test.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-in-wtc-final-after-new-zealand-vs-sri-lanka-test-in-christchurch-ends-in-a-draw-1363322 |title=India qualify for WTC final after New Zealand beat Sri Lanka in Christchurch |access-date=13 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

India won the first ODI by 5 wickets, to lead the series 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-23-1348637/india-vs-australia-1st-odi-1348656/match-report |title=Rahul, Jadeja stay cool to seal tough chase of 189 |access-date=22 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=17 March 2023 }}</ref> But Australia won the second ODI by 10 wickets, to level the series 1–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-23-1348637/india-vs-australia-2nd-odi-1348657/match-report |title=Starc's five-for, Marsh-Head century stand sink India for 1–1 |access-date=22 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=19 March 2023 }}</ref> Australia won the third ODI by 21 runs and won the series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-23-1348637/india-vs-australia-3rd-odi-1348658/match-report |title=Zampa and Co stifle India to take series 2–1 |access-date=22 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=22 March 2023 }}</ref>

[[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] hosted his counterpart [[Prime Minister of Australia]] [[Anthony Albanese]] at [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Narendra Modi stadium]] on the first day of the fourth test at the [[75 Years of Friendship through Cricket Event]]. The event was organized as a tribute to the 75 years of diplomatic and cricket relations between two the countries. The two PMs visited the "Hall of fame" museum inside the stadium.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-03-09 |title=PM Modi, Albanese arrive ahead of India-Australia Test match; take round of sprawling stadium |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat-pm-modi-albanese-arrive-ahead-of-india-australia-test-match-take-round-of-sprawling-stadium/article66598752.ece |access-date=2023-03-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Scheduling==
In August 2022, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) confirmed the schedule for the T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555905/bcci-announces-schedule-for-paytm-home-series-against-australia-and-south-africa?type=Latest |title=BCCI announces schedule for Paytm home series against Australia and South Africa |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=3 August 2022}}</ref> On 8 December 2022, the BCCI confirmed the schedule for the Tests and the ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555955/bcci-announces-schedule-for-mastercard-home-series-against-sri-lanka-new-zealand-australia?type=Latest |title=BCCI announces schedule for Mastercard home series against Sri Lanka, New Zealand & Australia |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref>

On 13 February 2023, BCCI confirmed the venue of third test was shifted from [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium|Dharamshala]] to [[Holkar Stadium|Indore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55555987/venue-for-third-test-shifted-to-indore-from-dharamsala |title=Venue for third Test shifted to Indore from Dharamsala |access-date=13 February 2023 |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}</ref> The ground was rated "poor" by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) and received three demerit points.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indore-pitch-rated-poor-after-third-india-vs-australia-test-1361701 |title=Indore pitch rated poor after third India vs Australia Test |access-date=5 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> However on 27 March 2023, ICC changed the rating to "below average",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/126072/indore-pitch-rating-changed-from-poor-to-below-average |title=Indore pitch rating changed from 'poor' to 'below average' |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Cricbuzz|date=27 March 2023 }}</ref> and the ground received one demerit point,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-changes-verdict-on-indore-pitch-changes-rating-from-poor-to-below-average-1365441 |title=ICC changes Indore pitch rating from 'poor' to 'below average' |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=27 March 2023 }}</ref> after an appeal by the BCCI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/border-gavaskar-trophy-bcci-files-appeal-with-icc-over-poor-rating-given-to-indore-test-pitch-1363499 |title=BCCI files appeal with ICC over 'poor' rating given to Indore Test pitch |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=14 March 2023 }}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
!colspan=2|Tests
!colspan=2|ODIs
!colspan=2|T20Is
|-
!{{cr|IND}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55555975/india-s-squads-for-mastercard-new-zealand-tour-of-india-and-first-two-test-matches-against-australia-announced | work= Board of Control for Cricket in India| title=India's squads for Mastercard New Zealand tour of India and first two Test matches against Australia announced |access-date= 13 January 2023}}</ref>
!{{cr|AUS}}<ref>{{cite web |access-date=11 January 2023 |title=Uncapped spinner named as Australia sweat on Starc and Green |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3015653 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
!{{cr|IND}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55555991/india-squads-for-last-two-tests-of-border-gavaskar-trophy-and-odi-series-announced?type=Latest | work= Board of Control for Cricket in India| title=India squads for last two Tests of Border–Gavaskar Trophy and ODI series announced |access-date= 19 February 2023}}</ref>
!{{cr|AUS}}<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 February 2023 |title=Big guns return: Australia name 16-player squad for India ODI series |url=https://icc-cricket.com/news/3078763 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
! {{cr|IND}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555922/india-s-squads-for-icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-australia-south-africa-t20is-announced | title= India's squads for ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2022, Australia & South Africa T20Is announced |work= Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date= 12 September 2022}}</ref>
!{{cr|AUS}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/tim-david-australia-squad-mens-icc-t20-world-cup-2022-selectors-maxwell-warner-smith-wade-zampa/2022-09-01 |title='Match-winner' David bolts into Aussie World Cup squad |work= Cricket Australia |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Rohit Sharma]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[K. L. Rahul]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice captain|vc]])<ref name="vc" group="n">KL Rahul was the vice-captain for the first two Tests while Pujara was the vice-captain for the last two Tests.</ref>
* [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])<ref name="vc" group="n"></ref>
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[K. S. Bharat]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Shubman Gill]]
* [[Shreyas Iyer]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Ishan Kishan]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Axar Patel]]
* [[Mohammed Shami]]
* [[Mohammed Siraj]]
* [[Jaydev Unadkat]]
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
* [[Umesh Yadav]]
|
* [[Pat Cummins]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice captain|vc]])
* [[Ashton Agar]]
* [[Scott Boland]]
* [[Alex Carey]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Cameron Green]]
* [[Peter Handscomb]]
* <s>[[Josh Hazlewood]]</s>
* [[Travis Head]]
* [[Usman Khawaja]]
* [[Matthew Kuhnemann]]
* [[Marnus Labuschagne]]
* [[Nathan Lyon]]
* [[Lance Morris]]
* [[Todd Murphy]]
* [[Matt Renshaw]]
* [[Mitchell Starc]]
* [[Mitchell Swepson]]
* [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
|
* [[Rohit Sharma]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Hardik Pandya]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice captain|vc]])
* [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]
* [[Shubman Gill]]
* <s>[[Shreyas Iyer]]</s>
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Ishan Kishan]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Umran Malik]]
* [[Axar Patel]]
* [[K. L. Rahul]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Mohammad Shami]]
* [[Mohammed Siraj]]
* [[Washington Sundar]]
* [[Shardul Thakur]]
* [[Jaydev Unadkat]]
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
|
* [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* <s>[[Pat Cummins]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])</s>
* [[Sean Abbott]]
* [[Ashton Agar]]
* [[Alex Carey]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Nathan Ellis]]
* [[Cameron Green]]
* [[Travis Head]]
* [[Josh Inglis]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Marnus Labuschagne]]
* [[Mitchell Marsh]]
* [[Glenn Maxwell]]
* <s>[[Jhye Richardson]]</s>
* [[Mitchell Starc]]
* [[Marcus Stoinis]]
* [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
* [[Adam Zampa]]
|
* [[Rohit Sharma]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[K. L. Rahul]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice captain|vc]])
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Yuzvendra Chahal]]
* [[Deepak Chahar]]
* [[Deepak Hooda]]
* [[Dinesh Karthik]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
* [[Hardik Pandya]]
* [[Rishabh Pant]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Axar Patel]]
* [[Harshal Patel]]
* <s>[[Mohammed Shami]]</s>
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
* [[Umesh Yadav]]
|
* [[Aaron Finch]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Pat Cummins]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice captain|vc]])
* [[Sean Abbott]]
* [[Ashton Agar]]
* [[Tim David]]
* [[Nathan Ellis]]
* [[Cameron Green]]
* [[Josh Hazlewood]]
* [[Josh Inglis]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* <s>[[Mitchell Marsh]]</s>
* [[Glenn Maxwell]]
* [[Kane Richardson]]
* [[Daniel Sams]]
* [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]]
* <s>[[Mitchell Starc]]</s>
* <s>[[Marcus Stoinis]]</s>
* [[Matthew Wade]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Adam Zampa]]
|}
Before the start of T20I series, [[Mitchell Marsh]], [[Mitchell Starc]] and [[Marcus Stoinis]] were ruled out due to injuries, and were replaced by [[Sean Abbott]], [[Nathan Ellis]] and [[Daniel Sams]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australia lose key trio to injury for India tour |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2790006 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref> India's [[Mohammed Shami]] was ruled of the T20I series due to [[COVID-19]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shami ruled out of Australia T20Is with Covid; Umesh likely replacement |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123864/shami-out-of-australia-t20is-with-covid-umesh-likely-replacement |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Cricbuzz|date=17 September 2022 }}</ref> with [[Umesh Yadav]] named as his replacement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammed Shami tests positive for Covid-19, Umesh Yadav named as replacement |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-aus-2022-mohammed-shami-tests-positive-for-covid-19-umesh-yadav-named-replacement-1335319 |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo }}</ref>

On 10 January 2023, [[Mitchell Starc]] was ruled out of the first Test against India due to finger injury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/starc-out-of-first-india-test-australia-select-four-spinners-in-squad-1353226 |title=Starc ruled out of first India Test, Australia select four spinners in 18-member squad |access-date=5 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo }}</ref> On 1 February 2023, [[Shreyas Iyer]] was ruled out of the first Test against Australia due to back injury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shreyas-iyer-out-of-first-test-of-border-gavaskar-series-1356838 |title=Shreyas Iyer ruled out of first Australia Test |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=February 2023 }}</ref> On 5 February 2023, [[Josh Hazlewood]] was ruled out of the first Test against India due to achilles niggle in his left leg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-aus-josh-hazlewood-to-miss-first-test-with-achilles-injury-1357357 |title=Josh Hazlewood to miss first Test against India |access-date=5 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo }}</ref> On 7 February 2023, [[Cameron Green]] was ruled out of the first Test against India due to fractured finger.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-allrounder-cameron-green-unlikely-to-play-first-test-against-india-in-nagpur-border-gavaskar-trophy-1357567 |title=Cameron Green unlikely to play first Test against India |access-date=7 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=7 February 2023 }}</ref> Ahead of the second Test, [[Matthew Kuhnemann]] replaced [[Mitchell Swepson]] in Australia's squad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/matthew-kuhnemann-called-up-india-mitchell-swepson-returning-child-birth-delhi-starc-green-hazlewood/2023-02-12 |title='Shocked' Kuhnemann whisked into India calculations |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> On 12 February 2023, [[Jaydev Unadkat]] was released from India's squad for second Test, to play [[2022–23 Ranji Trophy#Final|Ranji Trophy Final]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55555986/jaydev-unadkat-released-from-india-s-squad-for-2nd-test-to-play-ranji-trophy-final?type=Latest |title=Jaydev Unadkat released from India's squad for 2nd Test, to play Ranji Trophy Final |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}</ref> On 20 February 2023, Australia's [[Josh Hazlewood]] was ruled out of Test series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-pat-cummins-flying-home-between-tests-india-tour-delhi-indore-personal-reasons/2023-02-20 |title=Cummins returns home, Hazlewood ruled out of tour |access-date=20 February 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> Mitchell Swepson re-joined the squad prior to the third Test.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/squad-changes-australia-india-tour-cummins-hazlewood-warner-agar-indore-border-gavaskar/2023-02-20 |title=Warner among big calls for Aussies amid upheaval |access-date=20 February 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> On 21 February 2023, Australia's [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] was ruled out of the last two Tests due to elbow injury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/david-warner-ruled-out-australia-tour-india-concussion-elbow-injury-opener/2023-02-21 |title=Warner ruled out of India Tests after Delhi double blow |access-date=21 February 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> On 22 February 2023, [[Ashton Agar]] was released from Australia's squad for last two Tests, to play [[2022–23 Sheffield Shield season|Sheffield Shield]] and [[2022–23 Marsh One-Day Cup|Marsh One-Day Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-squad-change-ashton-agar-india-indore-third-test-tony-dodemaide-selector/2023-02-22 |title=Agar heads home amid format crunch with Shield in sight |access-date=22 February 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-aus-ashton-agar-to-return-home-for-sheffield-shield-marsh-cup-1360236 |title=Agar returns home from India to play Sheffield Shield and Marsh Cup |access-date=22 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo|date=22 February 2023 }}</ref> [[Pat Cummins]] was unavailable for the last two Tests due to a family emergency, with [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] named as captain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/pat-cummins-out-of-third-test-india-indore-family-emergency-steve-smith-captain/2023-02-24 |title=Cummins to remain home, Smith to skipper third Test |access-date=24 February 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ind-vs-aus-pat-cummins-to-miss-fourth-test-against-india-steve-smith-to-lead-in-ahmedabad-8481626/ |title=IND vs AUS: Pat Cummins to miss fourth Test against India, Steve smith to lead in Ahmedabad |access-date=6 March 2023 |work= The Indian Express|date=6 March 2023 }}</ref>

On 19 February 2023, BCCI confirmed that [[Rohit Sharma]] would be unavailable for the first ODI due to family commitments, with [[Hardik Pandya]] named as the captain in his place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icc-cricket.com/news/3073471 |title=Pacer returns as India name squad for remaining two Tests and ODIs against Australia |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> On 6 March 2023, Australia's [[Jhye Richardson]] was ruled out from the ODI series due to a hamstring injury,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-news-jhye-richardson-out-of-australias-odi-tour-of-india-and-in-doubt-for-ipl-1361737 |title=Jhye Richardson out of ODI tour of India, unlikely for IPL |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> with [[Nathan Ellis]] named as his replacement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/pat-cummins-ruled-out-australia-india-fourth-test-ahmedabad-steve-smith-nathan-ellis/2023-03-06 |title=Smith to lead Australia in final Test, Cummins stays home |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> On 14 March 2023, Pat Cummins left the ODI squad due to family problems,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-to-captain-australia-india-odis-pat-cummins-remains-home/2023-03-14 |title=Smith to captain ODIs as Cummins remains at home |access-date=14 March 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> with Steve Smith named as the captain in his absence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/steven-smith-to-captain-australia-in-odi-series-vs-india-1363452 |title=Steven Smith to captain Australia in ODI series against India |access-date=14 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> On 14 March 2023, Shreyas Iyer was ruled out of the ODI series due to recurrence of back injury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/recurring-back-injury-puts-shreyas-iyer-out-of-australia-odis-1363474 |title=Shreyas Iyer out of Australia ODIs due to recurring back injury |access-date=15 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icc-cricket.com/news/3110922 |title=Shreyas Iyer ruled out of Australia ODI series – India fielding coach |access-date=15 March 2023 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

==T20I series==
===1st T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 September 2022
| time = 19:00
| night = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| score1 = 208/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 71[[not out|*]] (30)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan Ellis]] 3/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 211/6 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Cameron Green]] 61 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Axar Patel]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| result = Australia won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1327503.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[I. S. Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Cameron Green]] (Aus)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Tim David]] made his T20I debut for Australia after previously playing fourteen T20Is for Singapore, becoming the sixteenth cricketer to [[List of cricketers who have played for two international teams#Twenty20 International cricket|represent two international teams in T20Is]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283475.html |title=Records: Combined Test, ODI and T20I records. Individual records (captains, players, umpires), Representing two countries |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>
* [[KL Rahul]] (Ind) became the third Indian to score 2,000 runs in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/sports/kl-rahul-becomes-third-fastest-to-2000-t20i-runs-during-blistering-knock-vs-australia-in-mohali-518137 |title=KL Rahul becomes third-fastest to 2,000 T20I runs during blistering knock vs Australia in Mohali – Sports News |work=Wion News |access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>
* This was Australia's [[List of Australia Twenty20 International cricket records#Highest successful run chases|second highest successful run chase]] in T20Is.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia T20I Records – Highest successful run chases|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_fielding_first=2;class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=team_score;result=1;size=10;team=2;template=results;type=team;view=innings |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2nd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 September 2022
| time =19:00
| night = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 90/5 (8 overs)
| runs1 = [[Matthew Wade]] 43[[not out|*]] (20)
| wickets1 = [[Axar Patel]] 2/13 (2 overs)
| score2 = 92/4 (7.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 46[[not out|*]] (20)
| wickets2 = [[Adam Zampa]] 3/16 (2 overs)
| result = India won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1327504.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Rohit Sharma]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = The match was reduced to 8 overs per side due to rain and a wet outfield.
| notes =
}}

===3rd T20I===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 September 2022
| time = 19:00
| night = Yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 186/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tim David]] 54 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Axar Patel]] 3/33 (4 overs)
| score2 = 187/4 (19.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 69 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Daniel Sams]] 2/33 (3.5 overs)
| result = India won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1327505.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Test series==
{{main|Border–Gavaskar Trophy}}

===1st Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 9–13 February 2023<ref name="Days" group="n">While five days of play were scheduled for each Test, the first three tests reached a result in three days.</ref>
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 177 (63.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Marnus Labuschagne]] 49 (123)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 5/47 (22 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 400 (139.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 120 (212)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Todd Murphy]] 7/124 (47 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 91 (32.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 25[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 5/37 (12 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = India won by an innings and 132 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348652.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Ind)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[K. S. Bharat]], [[Suryakumar Yadav]] (Ind) and [[Todd Murphy]] (Aus) all made their Test debuts.
* [[Todd Murphy]] (Aus) took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in Tests,<ref>{{cite news |access-date=11 February 2023 |title=Australian debutant Todd Murphy claims five-wicket haul but India well on top in first Test in Nagpur |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-10/cricket-india-vs-australia-first-test-day-two-in-nagpur/101958356|newspaper=ABC News|date=10 February 2023 }}</ref> and had the sixth-best innings figures for an Australian on debut.<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=ESPNcricinfo |author-link=ESPNcricinfo |user=ESPNcricinfo |number=1624291314316775424 |title=Todd Murphy, take a bow}}</ref><ref>[https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283346.html Best figures in a innings (sic) on debut], [[ESPNcricinfo]], accessed 16 March 2023</ref>
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] (Ind) became the second-fastest bowler, in terms of matches, to take 450 wickets in Tests (89).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ind-vs-aus-ravichandran-ashwin-completes-450-wickets-in-test-matches-8434109/ |title=IND vs AUS: R Ashwin becomes only second Indian after Anil Kumble to scalp 450 or more Test wickets |work=Indian Express |date=9 February 2023 |access-date=11 February 2023}}</ref> Ashwin also claimed his 25th five wicket haul in India, joint highest (with [[Anil Kumble]]) by anyone in India.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/r-ashwin-5-wicket-haul-india-vs-australia-nagpur-test-anil-kumble-home-record-2333422-2023-02-11 |title=Border–Gavaskar Trophy: R Ashwin picks 25th 5-wicket haul at home to equal Anil Kumble's Indian record |work=India Today |date=11 February 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref>
* The score of 91 was Australia's lowest Test total in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ind-vs-aus-australia-all-out-lowest-test-score-against-india-nagpur-border-gavaskar-trophy/article66496644.ece |title=IND vs AUS: Australia 91 all out, records lowest Test score against India in India |work=Sportstar |date=11 February 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref> Ten Australian batsmen were given out [[Leg before wicket|LBW]] in this match, also a new record for Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crictoday.com/cricket/daily-cricket-news/australia-register-an-embarrassing-feat-after-a-humiliating-defeat-against-india/ |title=Australia register an embarrassing feat after a humiliating defeat against India |work=CricToday |date=11 February 2023 |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* World Test Championship points: India 12, Australia 0.
}}

With the pitch seeming likely to favour spinners, India played three spinners, while Australia played two, giving Murphy his debut. Australia also dropped Head, in a decision which was widely criticised in Australia,<ref>[https://wwos.nine.com.au/cricket/australia-india-first-test-2023-travis-head-shock-axing-stuns-greats-matt-renshaw-preferred/b9a8e89a-d50d-46b6-bbd4-c8ec6a84e24e Michael Clarke 'confused and bewildered' by decision to axe Travis Head], [[Nine's Wide World of Sports]], February 9, 2023</ref> replacing him with Handscomb. So the Indian team was Sharma, Rahul, Pujara, Kohli, Suryakumar Yadav (batters), Bharat (wicket-keeper), Ashwin, Jadeja, Patel (spin bowlers), Shami and Siraj (fast bowlers); and the Australian team was Khawaja, Warner, Labuschagne, Smith, Handscomb, Renshaw (batters), Carey (wicket-keeper), Lyon, Murphy (spin bowlers), Cummins and Boland (fast bowlers).

Despite a modest first-innings total of 177, Australia's position looked reasonable when India were 168 for 5, despite Sharma going on to make 120. But Jadeja (70) and Patel (84) gave India a large lead. The Australia were then bowled out in their second innings for 91, appearing to have no answer to India's spinners,<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-12/first-test-india-thrash-australia-spin-nagpur/101962006 India lands first blows before and during Nagpur thrashing, as Australia hunts for answers against spin], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] News, 12 February 2023</ref> who took 16 wickets between them for the match.

===2nd Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 17–21 February 2023<ref name="Days" group="n"/>
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 263 (78.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Usman Khawaja]] 81 (125)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 4/60 (14.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 262 (83.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Axar Patel]] 74 (115)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Nathan Lyon]] 5/67 (29 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 113 (31.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Travis Head]] 43 (46)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 7/42 (12.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 118/4 (26.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 31 (20)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Nathan Lyon]] 2/49 (12 overs)

| result = India won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348653.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Ind)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Matthew Kuhnemann]] (Aus) made his Test debut.
* [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] (Ind) played in his [[List of cricketers who have played 100 Tests|100th Test]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3067824 |title=Pujara at 100: Teammates pay heartwarming tribute to India's crisis-man |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> He became the second Indian to be dismissed for a [[Duck (cricket)|duck]] in his 100th Test match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/2nd-test-day-2-pujara-becomes-second-india-batter-to-score-zero-in-100th-test-1503155586.html |title=Pujara becomes second India batter to score zero in 100th Test|access-date=19 February 2023 |work=The Statesman|date=18 February 2023 }}</ref>
* [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] was replaced on day 2 by [[Matt Renshaw]] after [[Substitute (cricket)#Concussion substitute|suffering a concussion]] on the previous day, during Australia's batting innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/david-warner-subbed-out-with-concussion-in-delhi-replaced-by-matt-renshaw-1359627 |title=Warner subbed out with concussion, replaced by Renshaw |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* 7/42 was a career best bowling performance by [[Ravindra Jadeja]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/australia-in-india/ravindra-jadeja-claims-career-best-figures-to-put-india-on-top-in-delhi-test/articleshow/98058401.cms |title= Ravindra Jadeja claims career best figures to put India on top in Delhi Test |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=Times of India|date= 19 February 2023 }}</ref> Jadeja dismissed five batsmen [[bowled]] in the second innings. This happened in Test cricket after a gap of more than 20 years, with [[Shoaib Akhtar]] being the last bowler to do so in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://babacric.in/cricket/ind-vs-aus-jadeja-magic-in-delhi-shoaib-joins-akhtar-kumbles-club-this-happened-for-the-first-time-in-21-years/ |title= Jadeja Magic in Delhi, Joins Akhtar-Kumble's Club, this Happened for the first time in 21 Years |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=Baba Cric}}</ref>
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] and [[Nathan Lyon]] completed 100 Test wickets against Australia and India respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/australia-in-india/ravindra-jadeja-claims-career-best-figures-to-put-india-on-top-in-delhi-test/articleshow/98058401.cms |title= Ravindra Jadeja claims career best figures to put India on top in Delhi Test |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=Times of India|date= 19 February 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/ind-vs-aus-ravichandran-ashwin-becomes-2nd-indian-to-claim-100-test-wickets-against-australia-7105405.html |title= Ravichandran Ashwin Becomes 2nd Indian to Claim 100 Test Wickets Against Australia |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=News18}}</ref>
* [[Virat Kohli]] became the fastest (in terms of innings) to complete 25,000 runs in international cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/border-gavaskar-trophy-india-vs-australia-nathan-lyon-picks-100-wickets-2336412-2023-02-18 |title=Nathan Lyon's continues incredible record vs India, grabs 100 wickets and 8th 5-wicket haul |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=India Today|date=18 February 2023 }}</ref>
* World Test Championship points: India 12, Australia 0.
}}

===3rd Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 1–5 March 2023<ref name="Days" group="n"/>
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 109 (33.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 22 (52)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Matthew Kuhnemann]] 5/16 (9 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 197 (76.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Usman Khawaja]] 60 (147)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 4/78 (32 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 163 (60.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] 59 (142)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Nathan Lyon]] 8/64 (23.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 78/1 (18.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Travis Head]] 49[[not out|*]] (53)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 1/44 (9.5 overs)

| result = Australia won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348654.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Holkar Stadium]], [[Indore]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI)
| motm = [[Nathan Lyon]] (Aus)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = The match was moved from [[Dharamshala]] to [[Indore]], as the [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium]] was not ready to host international matches due to a lack of sufficient grass coverage.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indore-confirmed-as-venue-for-third-india-vs-australia-test-1358680 |title=Third India vs Australia Test shifted from Dharamsala to Indore |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Matthew Kuhnemann]] (Aus) took his first [[five-wicket haul]] in Tests.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-23-1348637/india-vs-australia-3rd-test-1348654/match-report-1 |title=Khawaja gives Australia the lead after India collapse against spin |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref>
* This was Australia's first Test win in India since [[Australian cricket team in India in 2016–17|2017]] and the first win by any visiting team in India since [[English cricket team in India in 2020–21|2021]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-aus-stats-rare-home-defeat-for-india-forgettable-for-umpires-1361642 |title=Stats: A rare home defeat for India, a forgettable Test for the umpires |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref>
* As a result of this match, Australia qualified for the [[2021–2023 World Test Championship#Final|2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship Final]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-23-1348637/india-vs-australia-3rd-test-1348654/match-report-3 |title=Travis Head leads charge to seal emphatic chase for Australia |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=3 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>
* World Test Championship points: Australia 12, India 0.
}}

===4th Test===
{{main|75 Years of Friendship through Cricket Event}}
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 9–13 March 2023
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 480 (167.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Usman Khawaja]] 180 (422)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 6/91 (47.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 571 (178.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 186 (364)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Todd Murphy]] 3/113 (45.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 175/2[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (78.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Travis Head]] 90 (163)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Axar Patel]] 1/36 (19 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348655.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Richard Kettleborough]] (Eng) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Virat Kohli]] (Ind)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Cameron Green]] (Aus) scored his maiden century in Tests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/cameron-green-maiden-test-century-australia-india-day-two-fourth-test-ahmedabad-highlights/2023-03-10 |title=Green eases past nerves to realise long-held dream |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref>
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] (Ind) became the leading wicket taker in matches vs Australia, as well as the leading wicket taker in the [[Border–Gavaskar Trophy]], overtaking [[Nathan Lyon]] (Aus), before Lyon regained the top spot in the same match.
* [[Cheteshwar Pujara]] (Ind) became the fourth batsman, to score 2,000 runs against a single team in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-australia-border-gavaskar-trophy-cheteshwar-pujara-2345190-2023-03-11 |title=Border–Gavaskar Trophy: Chesteshwar Pujara becomes 1st active India player to score 2000 runs vs Australia |access-date=11 June 2023 |work=India Today|date=11 March 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Rohit Sharma]] (Ind) scored his 17,000th run in international cricket, being the 6th Indian cricketer to do so.<ref>{{cite news |title=IND vs AUS 4th Test: Rohit Sharma completes 17,000 international runs, only the 6th Indian to do so |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/australia-in-india/rohit-sharma-completes-17000-international-runs-only-the-6th-indian-to-do-so/articleshow/98561581.cms |agency=The Times of India |date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Virat Kohli]] (Ind) became the second Indian to take 300 catches in International cricket.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/australia-in-india/virat-kohli-second-indian-to-take-300-catches-in-international-cricket/articleshow/98547306.cms?from=mdr |title=Virat Kohli second Indian to take 300 catches in International cricket |access-date=11 March 2023 |work=Times Of India|date=10 March 2023 }}</ref> Kohli also scored 4,000 Test runs in India and became the fifth cricketer to achieve this feat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-australia-virat-kohli-4000-test-runs-home-5th-indian-stat-2345289-2023-03-11 |title=Virat Kohli becomes 5th Indian batter to complete 4000 Test runs at home |access-date=11 March 2023 |work=India Today|date=11 March 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Axar Patel]] became the fastest bowler for India to take fifty test wickets, in terms of balls bowled (2205).<ref>{{cite news |title=Travis Head in denial after Axar Patel's dream delivery denies him century, beats Jadeja's startling record |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/watch-travis-head-in-denial-after-axar-patel-s-dream-delivery-denies-him-century-beats-ravindra-jadeja-s-startling-record-india-vs-australia-101678698884815.html |agency=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* World Test Championship points: India 4, Australia 4.
}}

==ODI series==
===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 March 2023
| time = 13:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 188 (35.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 81 (65)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Shami]] 3/17 (6 overs)
| score2 = 191/5 (39.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[K. L. Rahul]] 75[[not out|*]] (91)
| wickets2 = [[Mitchell Starc]] 3/49 (9.5 overs)
| result = India won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348656.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Hardik Pandya]] captained India for the [[List of India national cricket captains#ODI|first time in ODIs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3112396 |title=Hardik Pandya rules himself out of World Test Championship Final |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 March 2023
| time = 13:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|AUS}}
| score1 = 117 (26 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 31 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Starc]] 5/53 (8 overs)
| score2 = 121/0 (11 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 66[[not out|*]] (36)
| wickets2 =
| result = Australia won by 10 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348657.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind) and [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mitchell Starc]] (Aus)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = This was India's biggest defeat in ODIs, in terms of balls remaining (234).<ref>{{cite news|title=India's 117 all out leads to their biggest defeat in ODI history batting first |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-india-117-all-out-leads-to-their-biggest-defeat-in-odi-history-batting-first-1364352 |access-date=20 March 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=19 March 2023}}</ref>
* This was [[Mitchell Starc]]'s ninth [[List of international cricket five-wicket hauls by Mitchell Starc|five-wicket haul]] in ODIs, the [[List of Australia One Day International cricket records#Most five-wicket hauls in an innings|equal highest]] by an Australian.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mitchell Starc leads Australia's record demolition of India to level series |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/300834404/mitchell-starc-leads-australias-record-demolition-of-india-to-level-series |access-date=22 March 2023 |work=Stuff |date=22 March 2023}}</ref>
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 March 2023
| time = 13:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| score1 = 269 (49 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 47 (97)
| wickets1 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 3/44 (8 overs)
| score2 = 248 (49.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 54 (72)
| wickets2 = [[Adam Zampa]] 4/45 (10 overs)
| result = Australia won by 21 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1348658.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Adam Zampa]] (Aus)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] became the first Indian batter to get a golden duck in three consecutive ODI matches.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/australia-in-india/suryakumar-yadav-first-indian-batter-to-record-three-successive-golden-ducks-in-odis/articleshow/98921048.cms |title = Suryakumar Yadav first Indian batter to record three successive golden ducks | work=Times of India |date = 22 March 2023 | access-date=23 March 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-1327497 Series home at ESPNcricinfo (T20Is)]
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-india-2022-23-1348637 Series home at ESPNcricinfo (Tests and ODIs)]

{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket in 2022-23}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Australian cricket team in India in 2022-23}}
[[Category:2022 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2022 in Australian cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2022–23]]
[[Category:Australian cricket tours of India]]

Pari Gam Jagir

2026-04-30T23:56:29Z

Teamaksharhospital: new basic details initial version.

{{Short description|Village in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Parigam
| official_name = Pari Gam Jagir
| native_name = Paergaum
| native_name_lang = Kashmiri
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| motto =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir
| coordinates = {{coord|33.9344|74.8843|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of subdistricts in India|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]
| subdivision_name3 = Parigam
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_acre =
| population_total = 4530
| demographics1_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=18 August 2022 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 192301<ref>{{cite web |title=PARIGAM JAGIR Pin Code |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/jammu-and-kashmir/pulwama/parigam-jagir-pincode-192301.html |website=news.abplive.com |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref>
| postal2_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone Code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = JK-13
| blank_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank_info_sec1 = 51.17%
| blank_name_sec2 = Village Code
| blank_info_sec2 = 003106
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| website =
| area_total_ha = 433.2
}}
'''Pari Gam Jagir''', commonly known as '''Paergaum''' or '''Parigam Jagir''', is a village in [[Pulwama district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Director of Census Operations |first=Jammu and Kashmir |title=Census of India, 1981. Series 8, Series 8 |year=1981 |publisher=State Govt. Press |location=Srinagar |pages=20 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Bashir |title=Jammu and Kashmir State: Kashmir region |year=2003 |publisher=State Gazetteers Unit, Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir |location=Srinagar |pages=164 |language=English}}</ref>

Pari Gam Jagir village is located 8 km far from Pulwama district headquarter. According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the village has a total population of 4,530 people which includes 2,296 males and 2,234 females with an overall literacy rate of 51.17%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Jammu and Kashmir - District Pulwama - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6203/download/9280/DDW_PCA0112_2011_MDDS%20with%20UI.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721094305/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6203/download/9280/DDW_PCA0112_2011_MDDS%20with%20UI.xlsx |archive-date=21 July 2022 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Pulwama district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Sai Sanjay

2026-04-30T22:17:03Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting some stub more to come

{{Short description|Indian racing driver}}

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox racing driver
| name = Sai Sanjay
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| nationality = {{flag|IND|name=Indian}}
| birth_name = Sai Sanjay Thirugnana Sambandam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2002|12|3}}
| birth_place = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| retired =
| relatives =
| racing_licence = [[File:FIA Silver Driver.png|12px]] FIA Silver
| last_series = [[GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup]]
| years_active = [[2025 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup|2025]]
| teams = CSA Racing
| starts = 4
| wins = 0
| poles = 0
| fastest_laps = 0
| best_finish =
| year =
| prev_series = [[MRF Challenge|MRF Formula 2000]] [[Indian Racing League]] [[British GT Championship]]
| prev_series_years = [[2022–23 MRF Formula 2000 season|2022–23]] [[2023 Indian Racing League|2023]]–[[2025 Indian Racing League|2025]] [[2024 British GT Championship|2024]]
| titles = [[MRF Challenge|MRF Formula 2000]]
| title_years = [[2022–23 MRF Formula 2000 season|2022–23]]
| awards =
| award_years =
}}

'''Sai Sanjay Thirugnana Sambandam''' (born 3 December 2002 in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]) is a [[Auto racing|racing driver]] from [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/sports/tamil-nadus-sai-sanjay-steers-to-success-with-podium-finish-806163|title=Tamil Nadu driver Sai Sanjay steers to success with podium finish|publisher=[[Dina Thanthi]]|date=4 October 2024|last=Hemkesh|first=S.}}</ref> He currently competes in [[GT World Challenge Europe]] with CSA Racing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.endurance-info.com/auto/article/115730-gtwc-europe-csa-racing-au-complet-en-endurance-cup|title=GTWC Europe - CSA Racing au complet en Endurance Cup|last=Tassel|first=Pierre|date=14 March 2025|access-date=14 March 2025|website=Endurance-Info|language=fr}}</ref>

==Career==
In 2022, Sanjay made his car racing debut in [[MRF Challenge|MRF Formula 2000]], winning three races en route to the title.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-29 |title=Salem's Sai Sanjay clinches MRF F2000 crown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201122319/https://en.madrasmotorsports.com/4w-sport/29/01/2023/salems-sai-sanjay-clinches-mrf-f2000-crown/ |url=https://en.madrasmotorsports.com/4w-sport/29/01/2023/salems-sai-sanjay-clinches-mrf-f2000-crown/ |archive-date=1 February 2023 |website=Madras Motor Sports Club |language=en-US}}</ref> He remained in domestic competition for 2023, contesting the [[Indian Racing League]] alongside former [[GP2 Series]] race winner [[Jon Lancaster]] – in a season heavily disrupted by [[Cyclone Michaung]], the pairing finished runner-up in the championship having scored four podiums, one of which contributed by Sanjay at the second round.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

Sanjay moved to the [[United Kingdom]] in 2024 to contest the GT4 class of the [[British GT Championship]]; he and co-driver Callum Davies managed a single class podium at [[Brands Hatch]] in their [[McLaren Artura]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thebridge.in/motorsport/tn-driver-sai-sanjay-full-season-british-gt-cship-46375|title=Tamil Nadu driver Sai Sanjay to drive full season in British GT championship|publisher=The Bridge|date=8 March 2024}}</ref> He stepped up to [[Group GT3|GT3]] racing for 2025 in GT World Challenge Europe with CSA Racing, contesting the full season in a [[McLaren 720S#720S_GT3|McLaren 720S GT3 Evo]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://desiracingco.in/exclusive-interview-with-sai-sanjay/|title=Sai Sanjay on Breaking Barriers, Factory Dreams, and the Road Ahead in GT Racing|publisher=Desi Racing Co.|date=13 June 2025|last=Khosla|first=Moksh}}</ref> He won his first Indian Racing League race in 2025 at [[Kari Motor Speedway]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.overdrive.in/news-cars-auto/indian-racing-athlete-sai-sanjay-wins-for-speed-demons-delhi-at-indian-racing-festival-2025/|title=Indian racing athlete Sai Sanjay wins for Speed Demons Delhi at Indian Racing Festival 2025|publisher=Overdrive|date=19 August 2025|last=Soman|first=Sumesh}}</ref>

Sanjay studies [[mechatronics]] at the [[Vellore Institute of Technology]] in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://51gt3.com/en/racer/sai-sanjay-thirugnana-sambandam|title=Sai sanjay Thirugnana sambandam|publisher=51GT3|accessdate=2 September 2025}}</ref>

==Racing record==
===Career summary===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center"
! Season
! Series
! Team
!Races
!Wins
!Poles
!F/Laps
!Podiums
!Points
! Position
|-
! 2022–23
|align=left| [[2022–23 MRF Formula 2000 season|MRF Formula 2000]]
|align=left| [[MRF Racing]]
|12
|3
|1
|2
|8
|201
| style="background:#ffffbf;" | '''1st'''
|-
! 2023
|align=left| [[2023 Indian Racing League|Indian Racing League]]
|align=left| [[Chennai Turbo Riders]]
|3
|0
|0
|0
|1
|83‡
| style="background:#dfdfdf;" | '''2nd‡'''
|-
!rowspan=2| 2024
|align=left| [[2024 British GT Championship|British GT Championship - GT4]]
|align=left| RaceLab
|8
|0
|0
|0
|1
|27.5
|14th
|-
|align=left| [[2024 Indian Racing League|Indian Racing League]]
|align=left| [[Speed Demons Delhi]]
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|36‡
|11th‡
|-
!rowspan=2| 2025
|align=left| [[2025 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup|GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup]]
|align=left| CSA Racing
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|NC
|-
|align=left| [[2025 Indian Racing League|Indian Racing League]]
|align=left| [[Speed Demons Delhi]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! 2026
|align=left| [[2026 Italian GT Championship Endurance Cup|Italian GT Championship Endurance Cup - GT3]]
|align=left| CSA Racing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Season in progress.

‡ Team standings

===Complete 24 Hours of Spa results===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Team
! Co-Drivers
! Car
! Class
! Laps
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Overall Position}}
! {{Tooltip|Class Pos.|Class Position}}
|-
! [[2025 24 Hours of Spa|2025]]
|align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} CSA Racing
|align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} Edgar Maloigne {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Josh Mason]] {{flagicon|FRA}} Maxime Robin
|align="left"| [[McLaren 720S#720S_GT3|McLaren 720S GT3 Evo]]
| Silver Cup
| 23
| DNF
| DNF
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{DriverDB driver|sai-sanjay}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanjay, Sai}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Indian racing drivers]]
[[Category:People from Salem district]]
[[Category:24 Hours of Spa drivers]]
[[Category:People from Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Indian Racing League drivers]]
[[Category:British GT Championship drivers]]
[[Category:GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup drivers]]
[[Category:Vellore Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Italian GT Championship drivers]]

Subhalekha Sudhakar filmography

2026-04-25T06:50:20Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
The following is the filmography for Indian actor '''[[Subhalekha Sudhakar]]'''.

== Filmography ==
===Telugu films===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Partial list of Subhalekha Sudhakar Telugu film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="1" | 1982
| ''[[Subhalekha]]'' || Murali Mohan ||
|<ref name="Break"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1983
| ''[[Rendu Jella Sita]]'' || Kameswara rao ||
|
|-
| ''[[Mantri Gari Viyyankudu]]'' || Siva ||
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1984
| ''[[Janani Janmabhoomi]]'' || Suresh ||
|
|-
|''Srimathi Kaavali''
|
|
|
|-
|''Ravoo Gopala Ravoo''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sitaara]]'' || Devadas ||
|
|-
| ''[[Swati (1984 film)|Swati]]'' || Kapil Dev ||
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1985
| ''[[Sravanthi (film)|Sravanthi]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Preminchu Pelladu]]'' ||Babji||
|
|-
|''Mogudu Pellalu''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Bangaru Chilaka]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Telugu News, Movies, Celebrities, Images & Videos {{!}} V CINEMA |url=https://www.vcinema.com/movie/bangaru-chilaka-1985 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.vcinema.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Chanti Babu
|
|
|-
|''Aalaya Deepam''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Anveshana]]'' ||Chantigadu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Puli (1985 film)|Puli]]'' || Gopi ||
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1986
| ''[[Ladies Tailor (1986 film)|Ladies Tailor]]'' || Sitaramudu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Seetharama Kalyanam (1986 film)|Sita Rama Kalyanam]]'' || Maruti ||
|
|-
|''Dora Bidda''
|
|
|
|-
|''Chadastapu Mogudu''
|
|
|
|-
|''Sravana Meghalu''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sirivennela]]'' || Suri Babu ||
|
|-
|''Muddula Manavaralu''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kashmora (1986 film)|Kashmora]]'' || Shadow ||
|
|-
| ''[[Captain Nagarjun]]'' || Murthy ||
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |1987
|''Gowthami''
|
|
|
|-
|''Akshintalu''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Gundamma Gari Krishnulu]]'' || Gopal Krishna ||
|
|-
| ''[[Bhale Mogudu]]'' || Babji ||
|
|-
| ''[[Manmadha Leela Kamaraju Gola]]'' || Anji Babu ||
|
|-
|''Raga Leela''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta (1987 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta]]'' || Kukuteshwararao ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ajeyudu]]'' || Vishnu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Collector Gari Abbai]]'' || Satya ||
|
|-
| ''[[Srinivasa Kalyanam (1987 film)|Srinivasa Kalyanam]]'' ||Rajesh||
|
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1988
| ''[[Chinababu]]'' ||Satyam||
|
|-
|''[[Bazaar Rowdy]]''||Mohan||
|
|-
| ''[[Vivaha Bhojanambu (1988 film)|Vivaha Bhojanambu]]'' ||Kailasam||
|
|-
|''Intinti Bhagavatam''
|
|
|
|-
|''Aatmakatha''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Maa Inti Maharaju]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thodallullu]]'' || [[Life Insurance Corporation|LIC]] Agent Sudhakar ||
|
|-
|''Maharajasri Mayagadu''
|
|
|
|-
|''Nava Bharatham''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chuttalabbayi]]'' || Rambabu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Jhansi Rani (1988 film)]]'' || Chanti ||
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1989
| ''[[Muddula Mavayya]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ashoka Chakravarthy]]'' || Johnson ||
|
|-
| ''[[Siva (1989 Telugu film)|Siva]]'' || Mallik ||
|
|-
|''Praja Theerpu''
|
|
|
|-
|''Mamathala Kovela''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha]]'' || Sudhakar ||
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1990
|''Alajadi''
|
|
|
|-
|''Manasu Mamatha''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Doshi Nirdoshi]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Prema Zindabad]]'' || ||
|
|-
|''Irugillu Porugillu''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Neti Charitra]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neti Charitra (1990) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AFAY/info |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|Rambabu
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chevilo Puvvu]]'' || Sattibabu||
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1991
| ''[[Kalikalam]]'' || Sudhakar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nirnayam (1991 film)|Nirnayam]]'' || Shankar ||
|
|-
|''Manishi''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aditya 369]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pelli Pustakam (1991 film)|Pelli Pustakam]]'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1992
| ''[[Chitram Bhalare Vichitram]]'' || Sudhakar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Subba Rayudi Pelli]]'' || ||
|
|-
|''Mogudu Pellala Dongata''
|
|
|
|-
|''Parvathalu Panakalu''
|
|
|
|-
|''420''
|
|
|
|-
|''Repati Koduku''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Brundavanam]]'' || Bala Raju ||
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1993
|''Bhagat''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Manavarali Pelli]]''
|Acchi Babu
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manavarali Pelli - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/manavarali_pelli |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Jeevana Vedam''
|
|
|
|-
|''Vintha Kodallu''
|
|
|
|-
|''Jeevithame Oka Cinema''
|
|
|
|-
|''Ladies Special''
|
|
|
|-
|''Ish Gup Chup''
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1994
| ''[[Bhairava Dweepam]]'' || ||
|
|-
|''Neeku 16 Naaku 18''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Madam (1994 film)|Madam]]'' || Bobby ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1995
| ''[[Sisindri]]'' || Johnny ||
|
|-
|''Premaku Padi Sutralu''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nirantharam]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ketu Duplicate]]'' || Sudhakar ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1996
| ''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Drohi (1996 film)|Drohi]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pavitra Bandham]]'' || Shankar ||
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1997
| ''[[Dongaata (1997 film)|Dongaata]]'' || Prasad ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pelli Chesukundam]]'' || Shiva ||
|
|-
|''Thoka Leni Pitta''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chinnabbayi]]'' || Sudhakar ||
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|1998||''[[Eshwar Alla]]''|| || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 1999
| ''[[Chinni Chinni Aasa (film)|Chinni Chinni Aasa]]'' || Kailash ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2004
| ''[[Aa Naluguru]]'' || Subrahmanyam ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2005
| ''[[Modati Cinema]]'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2006
| ''[[Seethakoka Chiluka (2006 film)|Seethakoka Chiluka]]'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| ''[[Rakta Charitra]]'' || || Simultaneously shot in [[Hindi]] as ''Rakt Charitra''
|
|-
| ''[[Rakta Charitra 2]]'' || || Simultaneously shot in Hindi as ''Rakt Charitra 2''
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2011
| ''[[Bejawada (film)|Bezawada]]'' || Sagar Raju ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Dammu]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Genius (2012 film)|Genius]]'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2013
| ''[[Priyathama Neevachata Kushalama]]'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2014
| ''[[Oka Laila Kosam]]'' || College President ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2015
| ''[[Bandipotu (2015 film)|Bandipotu]]'' || Satyanarayana ||
|
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2016
| ''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]]'' || Kasi’s father ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017
| ''[[Gautamiputra Satakarni (film)|Gautamiputra Satakarni]]'' || Satakarni’s messenger ||
|
|-
| ''[[Patel S. I. R.]]'' || Rao ||
|
|-
| ''[[Middle Class Abbayi]]'' || Srinivas ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2018
| ''[[Srinivasa Kalyanam (2018 film)|Srinivasa Kalyanam]]'' || Minister ||
|
|-
| ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' || Sudarshan Reddy ||
|
|-
| ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2018 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' || Dr. Marc Anthony ||
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[N.T.R: Kathanayakudu]]'' || [[P. Pullayya]] ||
|
|-
| ''[[ABCD: American Born Confused Desi (2019 film)|ABCD: American Born Confused Desi]]'' || Barghav’s father ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2020
| ''[[Entha Manchivaadavuraa]]'' || Shiva Rao ||
|
|-
| ''[[Bheeshma (2020 film)|Bheeshma]]'' || Ramaraju ||
|
|-
| ''[[Johaar]]'' || Bose ||
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2021
| ''[[30 Rojullo Preminchadam Ela]]'' || Swamiji ||
|
|-
| ''[[Jathi Ratnalu]]'' || Subash K. Chandra ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vakeel Saab]]'' || Flat Owner ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ardha Shathabdham]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pachchis]]'' || Gangadhar ||
|
|-
| ''[[Natyam]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ram Asur]]'' || Ramachari ||
|
|-
| ''[[Shyam Singha Roy]]'' || Judge J. Satyendra ||
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2022
| ''[[The American Dream (film)|The American Dream]]'' || ||
|<ref>{{cite news |title=American Dream Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/american-dream/ottmoviereview/88780532.cms |access-date=26 March 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=14 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pakka Commercial]]'' || Judge ||
|
|-
| ''[[Macherla Niyojakavargam]]'' || Raghavaiah ||
|
|-
| ''[[Like, Share & Subscribe]]'' || Home Minister ||
|
|-
| ''[[Masooda]]'' || Rizwan (Baba) ||
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sundar |first1=Anusha |title=Telugu horror film 'Masooda' gets OTT release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/Dec/15/telugu-horror-film-masooda-gets-ott-release-date-2528454.html |access-date=25 March 2024 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=15 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Anukoni Prayanam]]'' || || ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2023
| ''[[Vinaro Bhagyamu Vishnu Katha]]'' || Vishnu’s grandfather ||
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cherukuri |first1=Abhilasha |title=Vinaro Bhagyamu Vishnu Katha release postponed |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Feb/12/vinaro-bhagyamu-vishnu-katha-release-postponed-39899.html |access-date=26 March 2024 |publisher=Cinema Express |date=11 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chakravyuham:The Trap]]'' || Siri's Grandfather ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ramabanam]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Hidimba (film)|Hidimba]]'' || ||
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Bhavana |title=Rangabali to Hidimba: Telugu films hitting the screens this week |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/rangabali-hidimba-telugu-films-hitting-screens-this-week-860451 |access-date=25 March 2024 |work=International Business Times |date=5 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rangabali (film)|Rangabali]]'' || Shivayya ||
|
|-
| ''[[Bhagavanth Kesari]]'' || Deputy chief minister ||
|
|-
| ''[[Badmash Gallaki Bumper Offer]]''||Purushottam|| ||
|-
| rowspan="8"|2024 || ''[[RAM (Rapid Action Mission)]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Game On (2024 film)|Game On]]''|| || ||
|-
|''[[Yatra 2]]''||Reddy||
|
|-
|''[[Chaari 111]]'' || Ex-[[Chief Minister|CM]] Vijay Reddy || || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/chaari-111/movie-review/108139722.cms?from=mdr|title=Chaari 111 Movie Review : Vennela Kishore shines in spy comedy with missed potential|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bhimaa]]''|| || ||
|-
|''[[Mr. Bachchan]]''|| || ||
|-
|''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]''|| [[Constable]] Kamalakar|| ||
|-
|''[[C 202 (film)|C 202]]''|| || ||
|-
| rowspan="13" |2025||''[[Neeli Megha Shyama]]''||Megha's grand father|| ||
|-
|[[Game Changer (film)|''Game Changer'']]||Party Senior|| ||
|-
|''[[Thalli Manasu (Film)|Thalli Manasu]]''||Raghavrao|| ||
|-
|[[Court – State vs a Nobody|''Court'']]||Muthyalayya|| ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Court – State vs A Nobody Review: A Decent Courtroom Drama |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/court-state-vs-a-nobody-review-a-decent-courtroom-drama-review-118973201/ |work=Times Now |date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Robinhood (2025 film)|Robinhood]]''||Murthy|| ||
|-
|''[[Mad Square]]''||Subhalekha Sudhakar|| ||
|-
|''[[Oka Brundavanam]]''||Joseph Rathnam|| ||
|-
|''[[Shashtipoorthi]]''|| || ||
|-
|[[Sri Sri Sri Raja Vaaru|''Sri Sri Sri Raja Vaaru'']] || MLA || ||
|-
|[[Uppu Kappurambu|''Uppu Kappurambu'']]
|Subbaraju
|
|
|-
|''Police Vaari Hecharika''|| || ||
|-
|[[They Call Him OG|''They Call Him OG'']]
|Dharani
|
|
|-
|''[[Ari: My Name is Nobody]]''
|Gunjan
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026
|''[[Sahakutumbaanaam]]''
|Dr. Venugopal
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nilakanta (film)|Nilakanta]]'' || || ||
|}

===Tamil films===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ List of Subhalekha Sudhakar Tamil film credits
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]'' || Co-musician ||
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Kuruthipunal (film)|Kuruthipunal]]'' || Soori || <ref name="Break">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=S. R. Ashok |title=My first Break Subhalekha Sudhakar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/My-first-Break-ndash-Subhalekha-Sudhakar/article16483570.ece |access-date=25 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=4 March 2010}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1997 || ''[[Nesam]]'' || Vaitheeshwara Moorthy || <ref name="Break"/>
|-
| ''[[Ratchagan]]'' || Sathish Varma ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2003 || ''[[Priyamana Thozhi]]'' || Nandini's father || <ref name="Break"/>
|-
| ''Uyirosai'' || Somasundaram ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov312.asp |title=Uyirosai |website=Chennai Online |access-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050324062720/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov312.asp |archive-date=24 March 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2008 || ''Kamasutra Nights'' || Bharathan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009 || ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]'' || Film Producer || <ref name="Break"/>
|-
| ''[[Mariyadhai]]'' || Radha's father ||
|-
| 2013 || ''Thiru Pugazh'' || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-thiru-pugazh-soothing-strains/article4705906.ece|title=Audio Beat: Thiru Pugazh - Soothing strains|date=11 May 2013|url-access=subscription|first=S. R. Ashok|last=Kumar|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302061512/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-thiru-pugazh-soothing-strains/article4705906.ece|archive-date=2 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Iruvar Ullam (2021 film)|Iruvar Ullam]]'' || Sambhavi's father ||
|}

===Hindi films===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ List of Subhalekha Sudhakar Hindi film credits
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Shubh Kaamna]]'' || Viji's lover || credited as Sudhakar
|-
|2003||''[[Jism (2003 film)|Jism]]''|| ||
|}

===Notable films as dubbing artist===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Actor !! Film !! Language
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Anant Nag]]|| ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]'' || Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|[[Bheeshma (2020 film)|''Bheeshma'']]|| Telugu
|-
| [[Hareesh Peradi]] || [[Mersal (film)|''Adirindhi'']] || Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|rowspan=6| [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] || [[Naan Mahaan Alla (2010 film)|''Naa Peru Siva'']] || Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|[[Mankatha|''Gambler'']] || Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|''[[Tej I Love You]]'' || Telugu
|-
|''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]'' || Telugu
|-
|''[[World Famous Lover]]'' || Telugu
|-
|''[[Tuck Jagadish]]'' || Telugu
|-
| [[Karan (actor)|Karan]] || ''[[Suswagatham]]''|| Telugu
|-
| [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] || ''[[Saaho]]''|| Telugu
|-
|[[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] || ''[[Yuddham Sharanam]]'' || Telugu
|-
|[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] || [[Sulthan (2021 film)|''Sulthan'']] || Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] ||[[Saguni|''Shakuni'']]|| Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|''[[Singam (film series)|''Yamudu'' (film series)]]''|| Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|''[[Thalaivii]]''|| Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|[[Ramesh Khanna]] ||''[[Thenali]]''|| Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|rowspan=6| [[Sachin Khedekar]] || ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' || Telugu
|-
|[[Indrajith (2017 film)|''Indrajith'']] || Tamil
|-
|[[Maattrraan|''Brothers'']] || Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|''[[Veera Simha Reddy]]''||Telugu
|-
|''[[Mr. Bachchan]]''||Telugu
|-
|''[[Dhamaka (2022 film)|Dhamaka]]''||Telugu
|-
| Sanjay Swaroop || ''[[Ye Maaya Chesave]]'' || Telugu
|-
| [[Shatrughan Sinha]] || ''[[Rakta Charitra]] 1 & 2''|| Telugu
|-
| Narrator (Trailer Only) || [[Aswathama (film)|''Aswathama'']]|| Telugu
|-
| Vijay (Ganapathi) || ''[[Padamati Sandhya Ragam]]'' || Telugu
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] || [[Dhoni (film)|''Dhoni'']] || Telugu
|-
| ''[[Abhiyum Naanum (film)|Aakasamantha ]]''|| Telugu (dubbed)
|-
|[[Samuthirakani]]||''[[Dongalunnaru Jaagratha]]''||Telugu
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Network
|-
|1995–1996|| ''Cinema Quiz''||Host||rowspan=2|[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||rowspan=2|[[ETV Telugu]]
|-
|1997|| ''Pelli Pandiri''||Venkayya Naidu
|-
|1997–1998||[[Marmadesam|''Marmadesam - Ragasiyam'']]||Agniraasu||[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|1998–2001|| ''Idi Katha Kaadu''||Subramanyam||[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[ETV Telugu]]
|-
|1999–2000||[[Marmadesam#Iyanthira Paravai|''Marmadesam - Iyanthira Paravai'']]||Kumaraswamy||[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||rowspan=4|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|1999–2001||[[Chithi (TV series)|''Chithi'']]||Krishna / Kannan||rowspan=4|[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]
|-
|1999–2002||''Anantharamanin Thirumanam''||Sethuraman
|-
|2000–2001||[[Marmadesam|''Marmadesam - Ethuvum Nadakkum'']]||Rangachari
|-
|2001–2003|| [[Anni (TV series)|''Anni'']]||Ramanathan||[[Jaya TV]]
|-
|2001 || ''Srimathi'' || Jayaram and Balaram || [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2002–2003 || ''Penn''|| Manikkam ||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]
|-
|2002–2003 || ''Gayatri''|| Mohan Krishna || [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2002–2004||''Alai Osai''|| Ramalingam ||[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2003–2004 || ''Raju Gaari Kuthurulu''||Raju|| [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2003–2005||[[Kolangal (TV series)|''Kolangal'']]||Narayanan||rowspan=2|[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2005–2006 || ''Selvangal''|| Vaitheeshwara Murthy || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|''Karthavyam''|| Viswanath ||[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2006||[[Penn (2006 TV series)|''Penn'']]|| Muthukumar ||rowspan=3|[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||rowspan=2|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2006||''Raja Rajeshwari''|| Ayya
|-
|2006–2007|| ''Anjali'' || Sundaram || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2007–2010||''Ammayi Kaapuram''|| Raghunath ||[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2008||''Simran Thirai''|| Varadharajan ||rowspan=6| [[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||[[Jaya TV]]
|-
|2008–2009||''Anandham Vilayadum Veedu''|| Nallasivam ||[[Kalaignar TV]]
|-
|2009–2015||''[[Thendral]]''||Muthumanikkam||rowspan=2|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2009–2011||[[Madhavi (TV series)|''Madhavi'']]|| Krishnamurthy
|-
|2009–2010|| ''Bhavani''||Thyagarajan||[[Kalaignar TV]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2012–2014||[[Ilavarasi (TV series)|''Ilavarasi'']]||Mohan Sharma||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|''Mamathala Kovela''|| Satya Narayana Murthy |||[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2011–2013||''[[Manasu Mamatha]]''||Koteshwar Rao||[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[ETV Telugu]]
|-
|2012–2013||''Anubhandalu''|| Sathya Murthy ||[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Gemini TV]]
|-
|2013–2014||''[[Mamiyar Thevai]]''|| Sundarapandi ||[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]] ||[[Zee Tamil]]
|-
|2015–2017||''Nandini vs Nandini''||Harischandra prasad||[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]] ||[[ETV Telugu|ETV Plus]]
|-
|2015–2019|| ''[[Priyamanaval]]''||Krishnan||[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|2019|| ''Kanulu Moosina Neevaye''||Kailasanadha Sastry ||rowspan=4|[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]||[[Star Maa]]
|-
|2020|| ''Chitti Talli''|| Postmaster ||[[Star Maa]]
|-
|2020–2021||''Amma''||Suryanarayana||[[ETV (India)|ETV]]
|-
|2021||''Chaitram''||Ram Murthy||[[ETV Life]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0004471|name=Subhalekha Sudhakar}}



[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]

P. M. L. Kalyanasundaram

2026-04-20T06:56:10Z

Teamaksharhospital: new a stub added tags

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P.M.L. Kalyanasundaram
| image = P.M.L.Kalyanasundaram.jpg
| caption = Official Photo, 2021
| office = Member of [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2 May 2021
| constituency = [[Kalapet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Kalapet]]
| predecessor = [[M. O. H. F. Shahjahan]]
| office1 = [[Transport Minister]]
| term_start1 = 2011
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 16 July 1977
| birth_place = Puducherry
| website = www.pmlk.in
| spouse = Priyadharshini
| children = 2 sons and 1 daughter
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[All India N.R. Congress]]
| profession = [[POLITICIAN]]
| alma_mater =
| date =
| year =
| signature =
| bodyclass =
}}

'''Periannane Muthu Lakshmi Kalyanasundaram''' known as '''P. M. L. Kalyanasundaram''' (born 4 May 1957) is an Indian politician who is serving as the current member of [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kalapet Assembly constituency|Kalapet]] Constituency and is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/Puducherry2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=9|title=P.M.L. Kalyanasundaram (Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)): Constituency – Kalapet (Puducherry) - Affidavit Information of Candidate}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/puducherry-assembly-election-results-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243716/ | title=Puducherry assembly election 2021: Full list of winners | publisher=Financial Express | date=3 May 2021 | accessdate=8 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.oneindia.com/kalapet-assembly-elections-py-12/ | title=Kalapet Election Result 2021| work=oneindia | date=2 May 2021 | accessdate=8 May 2021}}</ref> since 2 May 2021. He previously served as the Transport Minister of U.T. of Puducherry in 2011.

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalyanasundaram, P.M.L.}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Puducherry]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India NR Congress politicians]]
[[Category:1977 births]]

{{Puducherry-politician-stub}}

Urban agglomerations in India

2026-04-12T16:02:14Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{location map+|India|width=300|right|caption=Top 60 urban agglomerations in India by population|places=
{{location map~|India|label=[[Agra|23]]|lat=27.18|long=78.02}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Ahmedabad|7]]|lat=23.03|long=72.58}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Allahabad|41]]|lat=25.45|long=81.85}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Amritsar|44]]|lat=31.64|long=74.86}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Asansol|39]]|lat=23.68|long=86.99}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|43]]|position=top|lat=19.88|long=75.32}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Bangalore|5]]|lat=12.967|long=77.567}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Bareilly|55]]|lat=28.364|long=79.415}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Bhilai|50]]|position=top|lat=21.21|long=81.38}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Bhopal|20]]|lat=23.250|long=77.417}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Chandigarh|51]]|lat=30.75|long=76.78}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Chennai|4]]|lat=13.08389|long=80.27000}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Coimbatore|16]]|position=top|lat=11.01833|long=76.97250}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Delhi|2]]|position=left|lat=28.61|long=77.23}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Dhanbad|42]]|position=top|lat=23.8|long=86.45}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Faridabad|34]]|position=bottom|lat=28.4211|long=77.3078}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|14]]|position=right|lat=28.67|long=77.42}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Guwahati|56]]|lat=26.182077|long=91.750155}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Gwalior|49]]|lat=26.22|long=78.18}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Hubli|59]]|lat=15.350253|long=75.137631}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Hyderabad|6]]|lat=17.37|long=78.48}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Indore|15]]|lat=22.71667|long=75.84722}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Jabalpur|38]]|lat=23.167|long=79.933}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Jaipur|10]]|lat=26.9|long=75.8}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Jamshedpur|36]]|lat=22.783|long=86.200}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Jodhpur|45]]|lat=26.28|long=73.02}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Kannur|27]]|position=top|lat=11.8689|long=75.3555}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Kanpur|11]]|lat=26.449923|long=80.331874}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Kochi|17]]|position=right|lat=9.967|long=76.217}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Kolkata|3]]|position=bottom|lat=22.5726723|long=88.3638815}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Kollam|48]]|lat=8.88|long=76.60}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Kota, Rajasthan|53]]|lat=25.18|long=75.83}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Kozhikode|19]]|position=left|lat=11.25|long=75.77}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Lucknow|12]]|lat=26.8|long=80.9}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Ludhiana|28]]|position=bottom|lat=30.91|long=75.85}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Madurai|31]]|lat=9.93|long=78.12}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Malappuram|25]]|label_size=80|position=top|lat=11.041|long=76.083}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Meerut|33]]|position=top|lat=28.99|long=77.70}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Mumbai|1]]|position=left|lat=18.97500|long=72.82583}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Mysore|54]]|lat=12.305223|long=76.653872}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Nagpur|13]]|lat=21.15|long=79.09}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Nashik|29]]|lat=20.00|long=73.78}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Patna|18]]|lat=25.6|long=85.1}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Pune|8]]|lat=18.52028|long=73.85667}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Raipur|47]]|lat=21.25|long=81.63}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Rajkot|35]]|lat=22.3|long=70.78}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Ranchi|46]]|lat=23.36|long=85.33}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|60]]|lat=11.660031|long=78.159923}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Srinagar|37]]|lat=34.09000|long=74.79000}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Solapur|58]]|lat=17.670474|long=75.907327}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Surat|9]]|lat=21.18|long=72.83}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Thiruvananthapuram|26]]|lat=8.48750|long=76.95250}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Thrissur|21]]|position=left|lat=10.52|long=76.21}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Tiruchirappalli|52]]|lat=10.80500|long=78.68556}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Tiruppur|57]]|lat=11.108535|long=77.339798}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Vadodara|22]]|lat=22.30|long=73.19}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Varanasi|32]]|lat=25.28|long=82.96}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Vasai-Virar|40]]|lat=19.47|long=72.8}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Vijayawada|30]]|lat=16.5193|long=80.6305}}
{{location map~|India|label=[[Visakhapatnam|24]]|lat=17.68833|long=83.21861}}
}}

'''India''' is the [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|seventh-largest]] country by geographical area, the [[List of countries and dependencies by population|most populous]] country with [[Demographics of India|over 1.4 billion people]]. India consists of twenty-eight [[State (country subdivision)|state]]s and nine [[Union Territory|union territories]].<ref name="official">{{cite web|url=http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php|title=States and union territories|access-date=31 January 2011|publisher=Census of India|work=Government of India (2001)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127011318/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php|archive-date=27 January 2011}}</ref> It is home to 17.5 percent of the [[World population|world's population]].<ref name="Area and Population">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx |title=Area and population |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |access-date=26 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113224501/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx |archive-date=13 November 2013 }}</ref>

The first population [[census]] in [[British India]] was conducted in 1872. Since 1951, a census has been carried out every 10 years.<ref name="Census Organisation of India">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |title=Census Organisation of India |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |access-date=31 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201091131/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |archive-date= 1 December 2008 }}</ref> The census in India is carried out by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.<ref name="Brief history of census">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx |title=Brief history of census |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |access-date=31 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113224445/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx |archive-date=13 November 2013 }}</ref>

The latest population figures are based on data from the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf | location=Chennai, India | title=Census 2011 Provisional Population Totals | work=The Hindu | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103133244/http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf | archive-date=3 November 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.<ref name="thehindu2"/> Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more.<ref name="Area and Population" /> India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.<ref name="Urban Agglomerations (UAs) & towns">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Urban_agglomerations.htm|title=Urban Agglomerations (UAs) & towns|work=Government of India (2001)|publisher=Census of India|access-date=4 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113154457/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Urban_agglomerations.htm|archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused rapid increase in urban population.<ref name="Migration rate to city will dip">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Pune/Migration_rate_to_city_will_dip/articleshow/3478265.cms|title=Migration rate to city will dip|date=13 September 2008|publisher=Times of India|access-date=8 December 2008|first1=Swati|last1=Shinde|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111222439/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Pune/Migration_rate_to_city_will_dip/articleshow/3478265.cms|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref><ref name="Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist ">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|title=Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist|date=3 December 2005|access-date=8 December 2008|location=Chennai, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105002042/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> The number of Indians living in urban areas has grown by 31.2% between 1991 and 2001.{{Sfn|Garg|2005}} Yet, in 2001, over 70% lived in rural areas.{{Sfn|Dyson|Visaria|2005|pp=115–129}}{{Sfn|Ratna|2007|pp=271–272}} According to the 2011 census, there were 317 [[List of cities in India by population|cities in India with population more than 100000]], with [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]] and [[Kolkata]] having populations over 10 million<ref name=times/> About 20 percent of the population of India lives in these cities.<ref name=2011UA>{{cite web|title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|work=Censusindia|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=18 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/cities-since-1901/|title=How India's cities have grown and shrunk over the last 116 years|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506030709/http://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/cities-since-1901/|archive-date=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref name=times>{{cite web|title=Delhi topples Mumbai as maximum city|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-20/india/30302508_1_delhi-topples-mumbai-urban-population-lives-navi|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group|Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd]]|access-date=7 February 2012|author=Rukmini Shrinivasan|author2=Hemali Chhapia|location=India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217011539/http://citypopulation.de/India-Agglo.html|archive-date=17 December 2014}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="125" perrow="5">
File:Mumbai Skyline at Night.jpg|1. [[Mumbai|Mumbai (Bombay)]]
Skyline at Rajiv Chowk.JPG|2. [[Delhi]]
File:Urbana Residential Complex - 783 Anandapur Road - Kolkata 2017-07-15 1527.JPG|3. [[Kolkata|Kolkata (Calcutta)]]
File:Chennai Skyline.jpg|4. [[Chennai|Chennai (Madras)]]
File:Ubcity2.jpg|5. [[Bengaluru]]
MindSpace campus in Hyderabad, India.jpg|6. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
Amdavad Aerial.jpg|7. [[Ahmedabad]]
[[File:Calicut beach skyline.jpg|thumb|Kozhikode beach skyline]]
[[File:Calicut Bypass Skyline 2.jpg|thumb|Calicut Bypass Skyline]]
[[File:Kochi Skyline.jpg|thumb|[[Marine Drive, Kochi|Kochi Marine Drive]] Skyline]]
GauravPath1.jpg|9. [[Surat]]
HawaMahal.jpg|10. [[Jaipur]]
</gallery>

The cities which are listed in '''bold''' are the capital of the respective [[states and territories of India|state / union territory]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width=5%| Rank
! style="width:15%;"| UA{{efn|The population figures of cities in Kerala are inflated as the definition of urban agglomeration was revised in the 2011 census. The population of urban agglomerations in Kerala is not comparable with other cities in the country.<ref name=ua2011>{{cite web|title=INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3|work=Press Information Bureau, Mumbai|publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]] (NIC)|access-date=7 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630112755/http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3|archive-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>}}
! style="width:25%;"| State/territory
! style="width:20%;"| Population (2025)<ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/india</ref><ref>https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2025_data-booklet_world_cities_in_2025.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.worldometers.info/population/largest-cities-in-india/</ref>
! style="width:20%;"| Population (2011)<ref name="censusindia 2011">{{cite web|title=India: Major Agglomerations|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Agglo.html|publisher=.citypopulation.de|access-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217011539/http://citypopulation.de/India-Agglo.html|archive-date=17 December 2014}}</ref>
! style="width:30%;"| Population (2001)<ref name=ua2011 />
! style="width:30%;"| Population (1991)<ref name=ua2011 />
|-
| 1
| '''[[Delhi]]'''
| [[Delhi]]
| 30,222,405
| 16,349,831
| 12,877,470
| 8,419,084
|-
| 2
| '''[[Kolkata]]'''
| [[West Bengal]]
| 22,549,738
| 14,112,536
| 13,205,697
| 11,021,918
|-
| 3
| '''[[Mumbai]]'''
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 20,203,056
| 18,394,912
| 16,434,386
| 12,596,243
|-
| 4
| '''[[Bengaluru]]'''
| [[Karnataka]]
| 13,187,098
| 8,520,435
| 5,701,446
| 4,130,288
|-
| 5
| '''[[Chennai]]'''
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 11,153,205
| 8,696,010
| 6,560,242
| 5,421,985
|-
| 6
| '''[[Hyderabad]]'''
| [[Telangana]]
| 9,190,795
| 7,749,334
| 5,742,036
| 4,344,437
|-
| 7
| [[Ahmedabad]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| 7,632,408
| 6,361,084
| 4,525,013
| 3,312,216
|-
| 8
| [[Surat]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| 6,908,925
| 4,591,246
| 2,811,614
| 1,518,950
|-
| 9
| [[Pune]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 6,817,951
| 5,057,709
| 3,760,636
| 2,493,987
|-
| 10
| [[Kozhikode]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 6,123,872
| 2,030,519
| 880,247
| 801,190
|-
| 11
| [[Kochi]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 5,077,670
| 2,119,724
| 1,355,972
| 1,140,605
|-
| 12
| '''[[Lucknow]]'''
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 5,052,444
| 2,902,920
| 2,245,509
| 1,669,204
|-
| 13
| [[Malappuram]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 4,487,920
| 1,699,060
| 170,409
| 142,204
|-
| 14
| [[Kanpur]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 4,329,973
| 2,920,496
| 2,715,555
| 2,029,889
|-
| 15
| '''[[Jaipur]]'''
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 4,071,754
| 3,073,350
| 2,322,575
| 1,518,235
|-
| 16
| [[Varanasi]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 3,858,863
| 1,435,113
| 1,203,961
| 1,030,863
|-
| 17
| [[Indore]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 3,476,423
| 2,170,295
| 1,506,062
| 1,109,056
|-
| 18
| '''[[Patna]]'''
| [[Bihar]]
| 3,309,383
| 2,049,156
| 1,697,976
| 1,099,647
|-
| 19
| [[Nagpur]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 3,257,841
| 2,497,870
| 2,129,500
| 1,664,006
|-
| 20
| [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|
| 2,375,820
| 968,256
| 511,759
|-
| 21
| [[Kollam]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 3,074,562
| 1,110,668
| 380,091
| 362,572
|-
| 22
| '''[[Thiruvananthapuram]]'''
| [[Kerala]]
| 2,946,119
| 1,687,406
| 889,635
| 826,225
|-
| 23
| [[Coimbatore]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 2,882,988
| 2,136,916
| 1,461,139
| 1,100,746
|-
| 24
| [[Visakhapatnam]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 2,841,957
| 1,728,128
| 1,345,938
| 1,057,118
|-
| 25
| [[Agra]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 2,786,762
| 1,760,285
| 1,331,339
| 948,063
|-
| 26
| [[Kannur]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 2,524,680
| 1,642,892
| 498,207
| 463,962
|-
| 27
|''' [[Bhopal]]'''
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 2,487,205
| 1,886,100
| 1,458,416
| 1,062,771
|-
| 28
| [[Vijayawada]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 2,409,770
| 1,491,202
| 1,039,518
| 845,756
|-
| 29
|[[Ponnani]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 2,409,567
| 1,861,269
| 330,122
| 275,053
|-
| 30
|[[Thrissur]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 2,382,988
| 1,861,269
| 330,122
| 275,053
|-
| 31
| [[Prayagraj]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 2,347,869
| 1,216,719
| 1,042,229
| 844,546
|-
| 32
| [[Vadodara]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| 2,270,298
| 1,822,221
| 1,491,045
| 1,126,824
|-
| 33
| [[Ludhiana]]
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| 2,245,106
| 1,618,879
| 1,398,467
| 1,042,740
|-
| 34
| [[Meerut]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 2,209,886
| 1,420,902
| 1,161,716
| 849,799
|-
| 35
| [[Madurai]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 2,138,746
| 1,465,625
| 1,203,095
| 1,085,914
|-
| 36
| [[Dhanbad]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| 2,020,181
| 1,196,214
| 1,065,327
| 815,005
|-
| 37
| [[Faridabad]]
| [[Haryana]]
|
| 1,414,050
| 1,055,938
| 617,717
|-
| 38
| [[Nashik]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 1,996,763
| 1,562,769
| 1,152,326
| 725,341
|-
| 39
| [[Jamshedpur]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| 1,956,840
| 1,339,438
| 1,104,713
| 829,171
|-
| 40
| [[Rajkot]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| 1,581,235
| 1,390,933
| 1,003,015
| 654,490
|-
| 37
|'''[[Srinagar]]'''
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 1,126,638
| 1,273,312
| 988,210
|
|-
| 38
| [[Jabalpur]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 1,582,131
| 1,267,564
| 1,098,000
| 888,916
|-
| 39
| [[Asansol]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| 2,924,741
| 1,243,414
| 1,067,369
| 763,939
|-
| 40
| [[Vasai-Virar]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 1,542,177
| 1,222,390
|
|
|-
| 43
| [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 1,567,020
| 1,193,167
| 892,483
| 592,709
|-
| 44
| [[Amritsar]]
| [[Punjab]]
| 1,303,330
| 1,183,705
| 1,003,919
| 708,835
|-
| 45
| [[Jodhpur]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 1,515,910
| 1,138,300
| 860,818
| 666,279
|-
| 46
| '''[[Ranchi]]'''
| [[Jharkhand]]
| 1,819,944
| 1,126,741
| 863,495
| 614,795
|-
| 47
| '''[[Raipur]]'''
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| 1,478,688
| 1,123,558
| 700,113
| 462,694
|-
| 49
| [[Gwalior ]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 1,554,246
| 1,102,884
| 865,548
| 717,780
|-
| 50
| [[Bhilai]]
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
|
| 1,064,222
| 927,864
| 685,474
|-
| 51
| '''[[Chandigarh]]'''
| [[Chandigarh]]
| 2,437,733
| 1,026,459
| 808,515
| 575,829
|-
| 52
| [[Tiruchirappalli]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 1,349,040
| 1,022,518
| 866,354
| 711,862
|-
| 53
| [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 1,232,364
| 1,001,694
| 703,150
| 537,371
|-
| 54
| [[Mysuru]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 1,342,126
| 990,900
| 799,228
| 653,345
|-
| 55
| [[Bareilly]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 1,635,214
| 985,752
| 748,353
| 617,350
|-
|56
| [[Guwahati]]
| [[Assam]]
| 1,314,019
| 968,549
| 818,809
| 584,342
|-
| 57
| [[Tiruppur]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 1,242,837
| 963,173
| 550,826
| 306,237
|-
| 58
| [[Solapur]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 1,102,702
| 951,558
| 872,478
| 620,846
|-
| 59
| [[Hubli-Dharwad]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 965,667
| 943,857
| 786,195
| 648,298
|-
| 60
| [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 1,337,000
| 919,150
| 751,438
| 578,291
|-
| 61
| [[Aligarh]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 1,729,663
| 911,223
| 669,087
| 480,520
|-
| 62
| [[Gurugram]]
| [[Haryana]]
|
| 902,112
| 228,820
| 135,884
|-
| 63
| [[Moradabad]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 1,484,611
| 889,810
| 641,583
| 443,701
|-
| 64
| '''[[Bhubaneswar]]'''
| [[Odisha]]
| 1,146,434
| 885,363
| 658,220
| 411,542
|-
| 65
| [[Jalandhar]]
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| 1,192,763
| 874,412
| 714,077
| 509,510
|-
| 66
| [[Warangal]]
| [[Telangana]]
| 837,561
| 759,594
| 579,216
| 467,757
|-
| 67
| [[Bhiwandi]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
|
| 737,411
| 621,427
| 392,214
|-
| 68
| [[Dehradun]]
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| 1,219,198
| 714,223
| 530,263
| 368,053
|-
| 69
| [[Siliguri]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| 658,183
| 705,579
| 472,374
| 216,950
|-
| 70
| [[Saharanpur]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 1,275,279
| 705,478
| 455,754
| 374,945
|-
| 71
| [[Gorakhpur]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 1,519,206
| 694,889
| 622,701
| 505,566
|-
| 72
| [[Guntur]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 862,068
| 673,952
| 514,461
| 471,051
|-
| 73
| [[Cuttack]]
| [[Odisha]]
|
| 663,188
| 587,182
| 440,295
|-
| 74
| [[Jammu]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 1,154,466
| 657,314
| 612,163
|
|-
| 75
| '''[[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]]'''
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| 998,290
| 657,209
| 505,959
| 401,437
|-
| 76
| [[Amravati]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 771,610
| 647,057
| 549,510
| 421,576
|-
| 77
| [[Bikaner]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 882,222
| 647,804
| 529,690
| 416,289
|-
| 78
| [[Noida]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|
| 642,381
| 305,058
| 146,516
|-
| 79
| [[Mangaluru]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 993,566
| 623,841
| 539,387
| 426,341
|-
| 80
| [[Belagavi]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 800,130
| 610,350
| 506,480
| 402,412
|-
| 81
| [[Bhavnagar]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| 739,115
| 606,282
| 517,708
| 405,225
|-
| 82
| [[Firozabad]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 878,282
| 604,214
| 432,866
| 270,536
|-
| 83
| [[Jamnagar]]
| [[Gujarat]]
| 680,589
| 600,943
| 556,956
| 381,646
|-
| 84
| [[Durgapur]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| 222,089
| 581,409
| 493,405
| 425,836
|-
| 85
| [[Malegaon]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 618,133
| 576,642
| 497,780
| 398,890
|-
| 86
| [[Bokaro Steel City|Bokaro]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| 862,593
| 564,319
| 505,541
| 418,538
|-
| 87
| [[Nellore]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 732,235
| 564,148
| 404,775
| 316,606
|-
| 88
| [[Kolhapur]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 819,671
| 561,841
| 505,541
| 418,538
|-
| 89
| [[Rourkela]]
| [[Odisha]]
| 776,631
| 552,970
| 484,874
| 398,864
|-
| 90
| [[Ajmer]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 631,176
| 551,360
| 490,520
| 402,700
|-
| 91
| [[Nanded]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 770,215
| 550,564
| 430,733
| 309,316
|-
| 92
| [[Jhansi]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 662,059
| 549,391
| 460,278
| 368,154
|-
| 93
| [[Kalaburagi]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 753,963
| 543,147
| 430,265
| 310,920
|-
| 94
| [[Erode]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 892,758
| 521,891
| 389,906
| 361,755
|-
| 95
| [[Ujjain]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 583,405
| 515,215
| 431,162
| 362,633
|-
| 96
| [[Sangli]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 761,451
| 513,961
| 447,774
| 363,751
|-
| 97
| [[Tirunelveli]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 376,005
| 498,984
| 433,352
| 366,869
|-
| 98
| [[Muzaffarnagar]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 849,004
| 495,543
| 331,668
| 247,624
|-
| 99
| [[Vellore]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 820,103
| 484,690
| 386,746
| 310,776
|-
| 100
| [[Kurnool]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 468,997
| 484,327
| 342,973
| 275,360
|}

==See also==
* [[List of cities in India by population]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in India]]
* [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India]]
* [[List of states and union territories of India by population]]
* [[Demographics of India]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Citation
|last1=Dyson
|first1=T.
|last2=Visaria
|first2=P.
|editor-last=Dyson
|editor-first=T.
|editor2-last=Casses
|editor2-first=R.
|editor3-last=Visaria
|editor3-first=L.
|date=7 July 2005
|title=Twenty-First Century India: Population, Economy, Human Development, and the Environment|chapter=Migration and Urbanisation: Retrospect and Prospects
|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
|isbn=978-0199283828
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqU9T5c0wlYC
}}
* {{Citation|last=Garg|first=S. C.|date=19 April 2005|title=Mobilizing Urban Infrastructure Finance in India|publisher=[[World Bank]]|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMF/Resources/339747-1105651852282/Garg.pdf|access-date=27 January 2010}}
* {{Citation
|last=Ratna
|first=U.
|editor-last=Dutt
|editor-first=A. K.
|editor2-last=Thakur
|editor2-first=B.
|year=2007
|title=City, Society, and Planning
|chapter=Interface Between Urban and Rural Development in India
|volume=1
|publisher=Concept
|isbn=978-8180694592
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDmZeW1H37IC
}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514045222/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India]

{{Cities of India}}

[[Category:Lists of cities in India|Urban]]
[[Category:Urbanisation in India]]

NHPC

2026-04-08T08:16:37Z

Teamaksharhospital: Added.

{{Short description|Indian public sector hydropower company}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox company
| name = NHPC Limited
| logo = NHPC official logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|533098}} {{NSE|NHPC}}
| foundation = 7 November 1975
| image = NHPC Corporate Office.jpg
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Faridabad]]
| location = [[Faridabad]], [[Haryana]], India<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhpcindia.com/Default.aspx?id=159&lg=eng&|title = NHPC Limited : Contact : NHPC Contact}}</ref>
| key_people = Shri Bhupender Gupta ([[Chairman]] & [[Managing Director]])
| industry = [[Electric utility]]
| products = [[Electricity generation]] [[Commodity market|energy trading]]
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|10770|c}}
| revenue_year = 2023
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|5054.56|c}}
| income_year = 2023
| profit = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|3411.73|c}}
| net_income_year = 2025
| assets = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|73157|c}}
| assets_year = 2021
| equity = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|43892|c}}
| equity_year = 2024
| owner = [[Government of India]] (70.95%)
| num_employees = 4,597 (march 2025)
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.nhpcindia.com/}}
}}
'''NHPC Limited ''' is an Indian [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector]] [[hydropower]] company that was incorporated in 1975 to plan, promote and organise an integrated and efficient development of [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] power. Recently it has expanded to include other sources of energy like [[Solar power|solar]], [[Geothermal power|geothermal]], [[Tidal power|tidal]], and [[Wind power|wind]].

At present, NHPC is a Navaratna enterprise of the [[Government of India]] and among the top ten companies in the country in terms of investment base. Baira Suil Power station in [[Salooni]] [[tehsil]] of [[Chamba district]] was the first project undertaken by NHPC.

== Public Limited Company ==
NHPC is listed on the National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange on 1 September 2009. The government of India and State Governments have 67.40% share as a promoter of the company while remaining 32.6% is public shareholding. The total number of shareholders are {{formatnum:191337}} and share capital is ₹12,300,742,773.

==Market value==
At present, NHPC is a schedule 'A' Enterprise of the Govt. of India with an authorised share capital of ₹150 billion, with an investment base of over ₹552 billion Approx. In 2015–16 NHPC made a profit after tax of ₹24.40 billion. An increase of 15% than the previous year profit of ₹21.24 billion. NHPC is among the top 10 companies in India in terms of investment.

Initially, on incorporation, NHPC took over the execution of [[Salal Dam|Salal Stage-I]], Bairasiul and Loktak Hydro-electric Projects from Central Hydroelectric Projects Control Board. Since then, it has executed 22 hydro projects with an installed capacity of 6717 MW on ownership basis including projects taken up in a joint venture. One wind project of 50 MW has also been commissioned in October 2016. NHPC has also executed 5 projects with an installed capacity of 89.35 MW on turnkey basis. Two of these projects have been commissioned in neighbouring countries i.e. Nepal and Bhutan at a capacity of 14.1 &60 MW.

==Ongoing Projects (as of Feb 2023)==
Presently NHPC is engaged in the construction of 3 projects aggregating to a total capacity of 3130 MW. NHPC has planned to add 1702 MW during 12th Plan period of which 1372 MW has been completed. 5 projects of 4995 MW are awaiting clearances/Govt. approval for their implementation. Detailed Projects reports are being prepared for 3 projects of 1130 MW. Besides, 3 projects of 1230 MW are under development through its JV, Chenab Valley Power Projects Pvt. Ltd. in J&K.

In late 2016, NHPC commissioned a 50 MW wind Power Project in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news|title=NHPC commissions 50 MW wind power project in Rajasthan|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/nhpc-commissions-50-mw-wind-power-project-in-rajasthan/article9291544.ece|access-date=7 March 2018|agency=PTI|publisher=Business Line|date=1 November 2016}}</ref>

On April 16, 2025, with commission of its 4th Unit NHPC fully commissioned 800MW Parbati-II H.E. [https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/psu/nhpc-commissions-three-200-mw-units-of-800-mw-parbati-ii-hydroelectric-project/119899040 Project]. [https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/nhpc-commissions-three-units-of-parbati-ii-hydroelectric-project/?cf-view] [https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-fully-commissions-800-mw-parbati-ii-hydroelectric-project-in-himachal-pradesh]

Since its inception in 1975, NHPC has grown to become one of the largest organisations in the field of hydropower development in the country. With its present capabilities, NHPC can undertake all activities from concept to commissioning of hydroelectric projects.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/hydro/2016/hydro_stations-12.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 February 2017 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075853/http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/hydro/2016/hydro_stations-12.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Subsidiaries==

* [https://www.cvppindia.com/ Chenab Valley Power Projects Ltd.]
* [[Indirasagar Dam|NHDC Limited]]
* [https://www.bsulindia.com/ Bundelkhand Saur Urja Limited]
* [[Ratle Hydroelectric Plant|Ratle Hydroelectric Power Corporation (RHPC) Ltd.]]
* Loktak Downstream Hydroelectric Corporation Limited
* [https://jpcl.in/ Jal Power Corporation]
* NHPC Renewable Energy Limited (NREL)

==Power stations==
'''Total – 8032.9MW (As of April 2025)'''
[[File:Nimmo Bazgo Dam.jpg|thumb|Nimoo Bazgo Dam]]
[[File:Teesta Low Dam-IV, West Bengal.jpg|thumb|[[Teesta]] Low Dam-IV, West Bengal]]
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.no.
!Power Plant
!State
!Commissioned Capacity (MW)
!year of commission
|-
| 1
| [[Baira Siul]]
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| 180<ref>{{cite web|title=Baira Siul|url=http://www.nhpcindia.com/projectdetail.htm?CatId=1&ProjectId=7|website=NHPC|access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref>
| 1981
|-
| 2
| [[Loktak]]
| [[Manipur]]
| 105
| 1983
|-
| 3
|[[Salal Hydroelectric Power Station|Salal]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 690
| 1987
|-
| 4
| [[Tanakpur]]
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| 120
| 1992
|-
| 5
| [[Chamera Dam|Chamera-I]]
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| 540
| 1994
|-
| 6
| [[Uri-I]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 480
| 1997
|-
| 7
| [[Rangit Dam]]
| [[Sikkim]]
| 60
| 1999
|-
| 8
| [[Chamera II Hydroelectric Plant]]
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| 300
| 2004
|-
| 9
| [[Indirasagar Dam|Indira Sagar*]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 1000
| 2005
|-
| 10
| [[Dhauliganga-I]]
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| 280
| 2005
|-
| 11
| [[Dul Hasti]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 390
| 2007
|-
| 12
| [[Omkareshwar Dam|Omkareshwar]]*
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 520
| 2007
|-
| 13
| [[Teesta-V]]
| [[Sikkim]]
| 510
| 2008
|-
| 14
| [[Sewa-II]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 120
| 2010
|-
| 15
| [[Chamera-III]]
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| 231
| 2012
|-
| 16
| [[Teesta Low Dam - III Hydropower Plant]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| 132
| 2013
|-
| 17
| [[Nimmo Bazgo]]
| [[Ladakh]]
| 45
| 2013
|-
| 18
|[[Chutak Hydroelectric Plant|Chutak]]
| [[Ladakh]]
| 44
| 2012–13
|-
| 19
| [[Uri-II]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 240
| 2013
|-
| 20
| [[Parbati-III]]
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| 520
| 2014
|-
| 21
| Jaisalmer Wind Farm
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 50
| 2016
|-
| 22
| [[Teesta Low Dam - IV Hydropower Plant]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| 160
| 2016
|-
| 23
| [[Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plant|Kishenganga]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 330
| 2018
|-
|24
|Theni Solar farm
|Tamil Nadu
|50
|2018
|-
|25
|[https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-fully-commissions-800-mw-parbati-ii-hydroelectric-project-in-himachal-pradesh Parbati II]
|Himachal Pradesh
|800
|2025
|-
|26
|[https://nhdcindia.com/index.aspx Floating] [https://solarquarter.com/2024/10/30/nhpc-stock-surges-nhdc-commissions-floating-solar-power-plant-in-madhya-pradesh/ Solar Power] Project-[https://www.business-standard.com/markets/news/nhpc-up-3-as-unit-commissions-88-mw-omkareshwar-floating-solar-power-plant-124103000549_1.html Omkareshwar NHDC]
|Madhya Pradesh
|88
|2024
|-
|27
|[https://nhdcindia.com/Site/SanchiSolarProjectDetails.aspx?PID=3 Sanchi] Solar [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/sanchi-becomes-indias-first-solar-city/articleshow/103466294.cms?from=mdr Power Project]*
|Madhya Pradesh
|8
|2024
|-
|28
|[https://bsulindia.com/project.php Kalpi] Solar [https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/rpm_division/2024/05/Status_Report_on_Development_of_UMREPP_Solar_Parks_in_the_Country_as_on_30.04.2024..pdf Power Project] (BSUL) 65 MW
|Uttar Pradesh
|65
|2022
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Joint Venture with Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) Government through [https://nhdcindia.com/Site/SanchiSolarProjectDetails.aspx?PID=3 NHDC]

===Hydro Power Projects Under construction===
'''Total – 18399 MW (As of April 2025)'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!S.no.
!Power Projects
!State
!Total Capacity (MW)
!Completion Schedule
|-
| 1
| [[Subansiri (Lower)]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 2000
| 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160501/jsp/frontpage/story_83223.jsp#.V5HiKPl96Uk |title=Panel call to resume Subansiri dam work |access-date=22 July 2016 |archive-date=2 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702064600/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160501/jsp/frontpage/story_83223.jsp#.V5HiKPl96Uk |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|2
|Pakal Dul*
|Jammu & Kashmir
|1000
|2024
|-
|3
|Kiru*
|Jammu & Kashmir
|625
|2024
|-
|4
|Ratle*
|Jammu & Kashmir
|850
|
|-
|5
|Kwar*[https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/rs-4-526-12-crore-sanctioned-for-540-mw-kwar-hydropower-project-in-j-k-122042701369_1.html]
|Jammu & Kashmir
|540
|2026
|-
|6
|[https://www.geojuristoday.in/post/subansiri-upper-multipurpose-project-sump-and-protests-against-it#:~:text=On%2021%20July%2C%202023%20the,Hydroelectric%20Project%20to%20NHPC%20ltd. Subansiri Upper] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1948139 Project]
|Arunachal Pradesh
|2000
|2031
|-
|7
|[https://www.nhpcindia.com/welcome/project_detail/6/index.php.html Dibang] [https://www.power-technology.com/news/construction-2-88gw-dibang-project-india/?cf-view Multipurpose Project]
|Arunachal Pradesh
|2880
|2034
|-
|8
|Rangit-IV Project
|Sikkim
|120
|2026
|-
|9
|[https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/nhpc-completes-takeover-of-rangit-stage-iv-he-project-121033100974_1.html Teesta-VI Project]
|Sikkim
|500
|2026
|-
|10
|[https://www.geojuristoday.in/post/subansiri-upper-multipurpose-project-sump-and-protests-against-it#:~:text=On%2021%20July%2C%202023%20the,Hydroelectric%20Project%20to%20NHPC%20ltd. Kamala H.E. Project]
|Arunachal Pradesh
|1800
|2031
|-
|11
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Dulhasti Stage-II]
|Jammu & Kashmir
|258
|2030
|-
|12
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Uri-I Stage-II]
|Jammu & Kashmir
|240
|2030
|-
|13
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Sawalkote Project]
|Jammu & Kashmir
|1856
|2035
|-
|14
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Kirthai Stage-II*]
|Jammu and Kashmir
|930
|2032
|-
|15
|[https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/hydro-power/nhpc-limited-to-develop-west-seti-and-sr-6-hydroelectric-projects/#:~:text=India's%20NHPC%20Limited%20has%20signed,Officer%20of%20IBN%20on%20Aug. West Seti H.E. Project]
|Nepal
|750
|2029
|-
|16
|[https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/hydro-power/nhpc-limited-to-develop-west-seti-and-sr-6-hydroelectric-projects/#:~:text=India's%20NHPC%20Limited%20has%20signed,Officer%20of%20IBN%20on%20Aug. Seti River-6 (SR-6) Project]
|Nepal
|450
|2029
|-
|17
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1929103 Phukot Karnali H.E. Project]
|Nepal
|480
|2029
|-
|18
|[https://www.nhpcindia.com/welcome/project_detail/46/6.html Teesta-IV H.E. Project]
|Sikkim
|520
|2030
|-
|19
|[https://www.nhpcindia.com/welcome/project/3 Solar Power] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2014904 Project at Khavda-1]
|Gujrat
|200
|2026
|-
|20
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2006692 Rajasthan] Solar [https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/nhpc-connects-300-mw-rajasthan-solar-project Power Project]
|Rajasthan
|300
|2026
|-
|21
|1000MW CPSUs Scheme Solar [https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/nhpc-awards-contracts-for-cpsu-1000-mw-solar-projects Project], Andhra Pradesh
|Andhra Pradesh
|100
|2026
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Under JV through Chenab Valley Power Projects (P) Limited, in Kishtwar District of J&K.

=== Hydropower & Pump Storage (PSP) Projects Under Investigation ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sl. No.
!Projects
!State
!Total Capacity (MW)
!Completion Schedule
|-
|1
|Siang Upper [https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nhpc-upper-siang-hydroelectric-project-china-8391829/ Project]
|Arunachal Pradesh
|11000
|2035
|-
|2
|[https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-signs-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-solar-pumped-storage-projects Kengadi] PSP
|Maharashtra
|1550
|2035
|-
|3
|[https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-signs-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-solar-pumped-storage-projects Savitri] PSP
|Maharashtra
|2250
|2035
|-
|4
|[https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-signs-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-solar-pumped-storage-projects Kalu] PSP
|Maharashtra
|1150
|2034
|-
|5
|[https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-signs-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-solar-pumped-storage-projects Jalond] PSP
|Maharashtra
|2400
|2035
|-
|6
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1935018 Masinta] PSP
|Odisha
|1000
|2035
|-
|7
|[https://powerline.net.in/2024/10/03/nhpc-and-apgenco-signs-jva-to-set-up-1-8-gw-psp/ Yaganti] PSP*
|Andhra Pradesh
|1000
|2035
|-
|8
|[https://powerline.net.in/2024/10/03/nhpc-and-apgenco-signs-jva-to-set-up-1-8-gw-psp/ Rajupalem] PSP*
|Andhra Pradesh
|800
|2034
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Under Joint Venture with Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corp. Ltd [https://apgenco.gov.in/ (APGENCO)]

=== Solar, Wind & Hydrogen Power Projects ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sl.No.
!Project
!State
!Total Capacity (MW)
!Completion Schedule
|-
|1
|[https://bsulindia.com/project.php Mirzapur] Jagir [https://www.nhpcindia.com/welcome/project/1/2 Solar PV Park]*
|Uttar Pradesh
|100
|2027
|-
|2
|[https://bsulindia.com/project.php Madhogarh] [https://omnicoreplus.com/post/nhpc-invites-bids-for-600-mw-solar-park-in-madhogarh-uttar-pradesh/ Solar Power] Project*
|Uttar Pradesh
|600
|2028
|-
|3
|[https://bsulindia.com/project.php Jalaun] [https://solarquarter.com/2025/02/17/nhpc-invites-bids-for-epc-contract-to-develop-1200-mw-solar-power-park-infrastructure-in-uttar-pradesh/ Solar Park] Project*
|Uttar Pradesh
|1200
|2028
|-
|4
|[https://solarquarter.com/2024/05/30/bhel-issues-tender-for-300-mw-floating-solar-project-in-odisha-for-nhpc/ Floating Solar Project] Rengali
|Odisha
|300
|2026
|-
|5
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1841750 Hydrogen] [https://www.mercomindia.com/nhpc-green-hydrogen-mobility-station Mobility Station Kargil]
|Ladakh
|500KW
|2026
|}

* Under Joint Venture with Uttar Pradesh Government BUNDELKHAND SAUR URJA LIMITED (BSUL)

===Scheduling and Dispatch===
The Scheduling and dispatch of all the generating stations owned by National Hydro Power Corporation is done by the respective Regional Load Dispatch Centres which are the apex body to ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in the respective region. All these load dispatch centres come under [[Power System Operation Corporation Limited]] (POSOCO).

==Awards and recognition==
* Winner at Dun & Bradstreet-Everest Infra Awards 2015 in the Power Generation (Renewable Energy) category recognising its performance under the category.
*'Gold Shield' for the year 2013–14 in the category of 'Early Completion of Hydro Power Projects' for Unit −3 (15 MW) of its Nimoo Bazgo Hydro Electric Project, Jammu & Kashmir, at a function held in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi on 3 June 2015.
* "CBIP Award for Best Performing Utility in Power Sector" at CBIP Awards on CBIP Day on 1 January 2015 in New Delhi.
* "Most Valuable PSU under Mini Ratna Category" at the India Today Group PSU Awards on 21 August 2014 in New Delhi.
* "Most Eco-Friendly Award" and "Most Valuable Company Award" in the Mini Ratna Category at the second India Today Group PSU Awards held on 14 December 2015.
* "Best Performing Utility in Hydro Power Sector" at the CBIP Award held at New Delhi on 29 December 2015.
* "Award for excellence in cost management" held at New Delhi on 28 May 2016. The award – instituted by The Institute of Cost Accountants of India – recognises NHPC's efforts in implementing effective cost management practices.
* "Best Hydropower Enterprise Award" by Hydropower Forum of India under the aegis of Enertia Foundation and Renewable Energy Promotion Association at the 2nd India Hydro Awards 2016 held at New Delhi on 10 June 2016.
* "Best Mini Ratna" at Dun & Bradstreet PSU Awards 2016.
* Awarded Second Prize by Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India for the year 2015–16 under "Rajbhasha Kirti Puruskar" scheme for commendable work in the implementation of Rajbhasha amongst Public Sector Undertakings located in Region 'A'.
* NHPC has been conferred with CBIP Awards 2020 for “Outstanding performing utility in hydro power sector” on 19.02.2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhpcindia.com/Default.aspx?id=72&lg=eng&|title=NHPC Limited : Investor Corner : Performance Highlights}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== References to New Project ==

# [https://psuwatch.com/newsupdates/arunachal-pradesh-govt-approves-allotment-of-2-hydropower-projects-to-nhpc Subansiri] [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/arunachal-pradesh-govt-approves-allotment-of-two-power-projects-to-nhpc/articleshow/102040289.cms?from=mdr Upper] [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/nhpc-to-develop-2-gw-subansiri-upper-and-1-8-gw-kamala-hydroelectric-projects/ Project] [https://www.geojuristoday.in/post/subansiri-upper-multipurpose-project-sump-and-protests-against-it#:~:text=On%2021%20July%2C%202023%20the,Hydroelectric%20Project%20to%20NHPC%20ltd. Allotted] to [https://www.nhpcindia.com/welcome/project/1/6 NHPC Ltd.] [https://www.pib.gov.in/indexd.aspx PIB] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1948139 Link]
# [https://psuwatch.com/newsupdates/arunachal-pradesh-govt-approves-allotment-of-2-hydropower-projects-to-nhpc Kamala] [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/arunachal-pradesh-govt-approves-allotment-of-two-power-projects-to-nhpc/articleshow/102040289.cms?from=mdr Hydroelectric] [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/nhpc-to-develop-2-gw-subansiri-upper-and-1-8-gw-kamala-hydroelectric-projects/ Project] [https://www.geojuristoday.in/post/subansiri-upper-multipurpose-project-sump-and-protests-against-it#:~:text=On%2021%20July%2C%202023%20the,Hydroelectric%20Project%20to%20NHPC%20ltd. Allotted] to [https://www.nhpcindia.com/welcome/project/1/6 NHPC Ltd.]
# [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Dulhasti] [https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/cm-announces-exhaustive-plan-for-24x7-power-supply-in-jk/ Stage-II] [https://kashmirlife.net/jammu-kashmir-seeks-to-reclaim-hydropower-projects-from-nhpc-385891/ Project]
# [https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/cm-announces-exhaustive-plan-for-24x7-power-supply-in-jk/ Uri-I] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Stage-II] [https://kashmirlife.net/jammu-kashmir-seeks-to-reclaim-hydropower-projects-from-nhpc-385891/ Project]
# [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Sawalkote] [https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/cm-announces-exhaustive-plan-for-24x7-power-supply-in-jk/ Hydroelectric] [https://kashmirlife.net/jammu-kashmir-seeks-to-reclaim-hydropower-projects-from-nhpc-385891/ Project]
# [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Kirthai] [https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/hpa/2024/07/hydro_concurred__yet_to_be_taken_up_construction_pa_09.docx.pdf Stage-II] [https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/cm-announces-exhaustive-plan-for-24x7-power-supply-in-jk/ Hydroelectric] [https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/hpi/2024/02/State_profile_on_hydro_development.pdf Project]
# [https://www.fundz.net/agreements/national-hydroelectric-power-corporation-nhpc-private-limited-contract-2b3438 West Seti] [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nhpc-to-sell-power-to-ptc-india-from-upcoming-nepal-projects/articleshow/93887146.cms Hydroelectric] [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/hydro-power/nhpc-limited-to-develop-west-seti-and-sr-6-hydroelectric-projects/#:~:text=India's%20NHPC%20Limited%20has%20signed,Officer%20of%20IBN%20on%20Aug. Project]
# [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/hydro-power/nhpc-limited-to-develop-west-seti-and-sr-6-hydroelectric-projects/#:~:text=India's%20NHPC%20Limited%20has%20signed,Officer%20of%20IBN%20on%20Aug. Seti River-6 (SR-6)] [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nhpc-to-sell-power-to-ptc-india-from-upcoming-nepal-projects/articleshow/93887146.cms Hydroelectric] [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/energy-finance/nhpc-signs-mou-for-power-sales-from-west-seti-and-sr-6-hydro-projects-in-nepal/ Project]
# [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/nhpc-inks-initial-pact-with-nepalese-utility-to-develop-480-mw-phukot-karnali-hydro-project/articleshow/100682093.cms?from=mdr Phukot Karnali] [https://www.constructionworld.in/energy-infrastructure/power-and-renewable-energy/nhpc--amp;-vucl-nepal-sign-mou-for-phukot-karnali-hydro-electric-project/41472 Hydroelectric] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1929103 Project]
# [https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nhpc-upper-siang-hydroelectric-project-china-8391829/ Siang Upper] [[Upper Siang Hydroelectric Project|Hydroelectric]] [https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/prelims-pointers/what-is-upper-siang-hydropower-project/ Project] [https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/currentaffairs-detail/upper-siang-hydroelectric-project NHPC Submitted Pre feasibility Report of Siang Upper Project] [https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/is-ai-the-end-of-human-storytelling-pocket-fm-bets-on-collaboration-11747106182514.html <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://optimizeias.com/nhpc-submits-pre-feasibility-report-on-upper-siang-hydroelectric-project/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.guwahatiplus.com/northeast/nhpc-submits-feasibility-report-for-11gw-hydro-power-project-in-arunachal-pradesh <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]
# [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/energy-finance/nhpc-signs-agreement-to-take-over-120-mw-rangit-iv-he-project/ NHPC completes takeover of Rangit Stage-IV HE Project] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1688342 NHPC signs Definitive Agreement for implementation of ..]. [https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/nhpc-completes-takeover-of-rangit-stage-iv-he-project-121033100974_1.html NHPC completes takeover of Rangit Stage-IV HE Project]
# [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/nhpc-signs-definitive-agreement-for-acquisition-of-500-mw-teesta-vi-hydroelectric-project/ NHPC to complete] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1567752 Teesta VI hydropower project] in Sikkim [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/nhpc-to-complete-teesta-vi-hydropower-project-in-sikkim/articleshow/68374131.cms?from=mdr <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] Patel-Engineering-bags-rs-1251-cr-order-for-500-mw-Teesta-VI [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/patel-engineering-bags-rs-1251-cr-order-for-500-mw-teesta-vi-hydro-power-project/articleshow/86549642.cms <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/nhpc-board-approves-merger-of-lanco-teesta-hydro-power-with-it/78780554 NHPC Board Approve merger of Lanco Teesta]
# [https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-signs-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-solar-pumped-storage-projects NHPC-Signs-MOU]-with-[https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/nhpc-and-maharashtra-govt-sign-mou-for-pumped-storage-development/#:~:text=NHPC%20and%20Maharashtra%20Govt%20sign%20MoU%20for%20pumped%20storage%20development,-Carrieann%20Stocks%20September&text=The%20Department%20of%20Water%20Resources,7350%20MW%20in%20Maharashtra%2C%20India. maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw]-[https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/stocks/nhpc-revises-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-renewable-energy-storage-systems-19470351.htm Pumped-Storage-Projects] [https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-signs-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-solar-pumped-storage-projects <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/nhpc-and-maharashtra-govt-sign-mou-for-pumped-storage-development/#:~:text=NHPC%20and%20Maharashtra%20Govt%20sign%20MoU%20for%20pumped%20storage%20development,-Carrieann%20Stocks%20September&text=The%20Department%20of%20Water%20Resources,7350%20MW%20in%20Maharashtra%2C%20India. <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/stocks/nhpc-revises-mou-with-maharashtra-govt-for-7350-mw-renewable-energy-storage-systems-19470351.htm <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]
# [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1935018 NHPC signs MoU] with [https://www.gridco.co.in/ GRIDCO Odisha], for developing [https://psuwatch.com/newsupdates/nhpc-signs-pact-to-develop-2-gw-psp-1-gw-solar-energy-projects-in-odisha 2 GW Pumped Storage Projects] and 1 GW Solar Energy Projects in Odisha.[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1935018 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-storage/pumped-storage/indias-nhpc-signs-mou-to-develop-pumped-storage-projects-in-odisha-state/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://psuwatch.com/newsupdates/nhpc-signs-pact-to-develop-2-gw-psp-1-gw-solar-energy-projects-in-odisha <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://renewablewatch.in/2023/06/26/nhpc-collaborates-with-gridco-odisha-for-2-gw-psp-and-1-gw-solar-power-plants/ <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>]
# NHPC and APGENCO signs JVA to set up 1.8 GW PSP [https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/nhpc-forms-jv-with-power-producer-apgenco-for-renewable-energy-projects/117504692 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2024/09/27/nhpc-apgenco-sign-jv-agreement-for-renewables-pumped-storage-development/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.mercomindia.com/nhpc-apgenco-joint-pumped-hydro-storage-projects <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://powerline.net.in/2024/10/03/nhpc-and-apgenco-signs-jva-to-set-up-1-8-gw-psp/ <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] [https://renewablewatch.in/2024/10/01/nhpc-apgenco-to-set-up-jv-for-1-8-gw-pumped-storage-projects/ <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]
# [https://www.power-technology.com/news/construction-2-88gw-dibang-project-india/?cf-view Construction starts] on 2.88GW [https://www.nhpcindia.com/welcome/project_detail/6/index.php.html Dibang] hydropower project [https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/12/13/work-for-dibang-multipurpose-project-begins/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/prelims-pointers/dibang-multipurpose-project/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://powerline.net.in/2024/03/12/prime-minister-inaugurates-2880-mw-dibang-multipurpose-hydroelectric-project-of-arunachal-pradesh/ <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://www.power-technology.com/news/construction-2-88gw-dibang-project-india/?cf-view <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/contracts/bhel-wins-contract-for-2-8gw-dibang-multipurpose-project-from-nhpc/ BHEL wins contract for 2.8GW Dibang Multipurpose]
# NHPC to build India's 520-MW Teesta 4 hydro Project [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/india-renews-pre-qualifying-to-build-india-s-520-mw-teesta-4-hydro-project/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]
# Hydro-mechanical contract tendered for Teesta VI in India [https://www.hydropower-dams.com/news/hydro-mechanical-contract-tendered-for-teesta-vi-in-india/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.gem.wiki/Teesta-IV_hydroelectric_plant#cite_note-autoref_0-1 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-signs-agreement-to-procure-500-mw-teesta-vi-hydro-project <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]
# [https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/power-plant-profile-nhpc-mirzapur-jagir-solar-pv-park-india/ NHPC Mirzapur Jagir Solar PV Park, India] [https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/power-plant-profile-nhpc-mirzapur-jagir-solar-pv-park-india/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://renewablewatch.in/2021/03/25/nhpc-invites-bids-for-epc-services-for-100-mw-solar-park-in-uttar-pradesh/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]
# NHPC Invites Bids for 600 MW Solar Park in Madhogarh, Uttar Pradesh [https://omnicoreplus.com/post/nhpc-invites-bids-for-600-mw-solar-park-in-madhogarh-uttar-pradesh/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://solarquarter.com/2024/12/11/nhpc-invites-bids-for-600-mw-phase-i-solar-park-development-in-uttar-pradesh/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]
# NHPC Invites Bids For EPC Contract To Develop 1,200 MW Solar Power Park [https://solarquarter.com/2024/12/11/nhpc-invites-bids-for-600-mw-phase-i-solar-park-development-in-uttar-pradesh/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://solarquarter.com/2025/02/17/nhpc-invites-bids-for-epc-contract-to-develop-1200-mw-solar-power-park-infrastructure-in-uttar-pradesh/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/nhpc-call-for-bids-for-1-2-gw-solar-park-project-at-up <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]
# NHPC Rengali Reservoir Floating Solar PV Park, India [https://solarquarter.com/2024/05/30/bhel-issues-tender-for-300-mw-floating-solar-project-in-odisha-for-nhpc/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1787993 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/power-plant-profile-nhpc-rengali-reservoir-floating-solar-pv-park-india/ <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]
# Omkareshwar Floating Solar Power Plant (FSPV) [https://solarquarter.com/2024/10/30/nhpc-stock-surges-nhdc-commissions-floating-solar-power-plant-in-madhya-pradesh/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [2] [https://www.business-standard.com/markets/news/nhpc-up-3-as-unit-commissions-88-mw-omkareshwar-floating-solar-power-plant-124103000549_1.html <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]
# Sanchi Solar Power Project [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/sanchi-becomes-indias-first-solar-city/articleshow/103466294.cms?from=mdr <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://solarquarter.com/2024/01/24/a-historic-beacon-of-sustainability-indias-first-solar-city-2/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sanchi-countrys-first-solar-city-grapples-with-power-crisis-6381181 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://www.mercomindia.com/nhdc-epc-tender-8-mw-solar-project-madhya-pradesh <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] [https://renewablewatch.in/2022/09/14/nhdc-floats-tender-for-solar-project-in-sanchi-madhya-pradesh/ <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]
# NHPC signs MoU to develop pilot green hydrogen projects [https://www.mercomindia.com/nhpc-green-hydrogen-mobility-station <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/nhpc-signs-mou-to-develop-pilot-green-hydrogen-projects/92901691 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/gensol-to-develop-nhpcs-green-hydrogen-mobility-station-project-in-ladakh/105261593 <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1841750 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] [https://www.mercomindia.com/nhpc-invites-bids-for-hydrogen-fuel-cell-buses-in-leh-and-himachal-pradesh <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]
# NHPC to develop 200 MW Solar Power Project at Khavda,[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2014904 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.mercomindia.com/nhpc-epc-200-mw-solar-gujarat <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://jmkresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/200MW_Tender_Document.pdf <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://www.mercomindia.com/daily-wrap-up-nhpc-epc-200-mw <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] [https://www.energetica-india.net/news/nhpc-invites-bids-for-200-mw-solar-pv-power-project-in-khavda-gujarat <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]
# Rajasthan Solar Power Project-NHPC Connects 300MW Solar Power Project [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2006692 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/nhpc-connects-300-mw-rajasthan-solar-project <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://renewablewatch.in/2024/02/20/pm-lays-foundation-stone-of-nhpcs-300-mw-bikaner-solar-project/ <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2025/04/14/nhpc-commissions-107-mw-solar-in-rajasthan/ <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>]
# NHPC Awards Contracts For CPSU 1000 MW Solar Projects [https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/nhpc-awards-contracts-for-cpsu-1000-mw-solar-projects <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/nhpc-awards-epc-contracts-for-development-of-1000-mw-solar-pv-project-122051300308_1.html <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://renewablewatch.in/2022/05/13/nhpc-awards-contracts-for-1000-mw-of-solar-projects/ <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/nhpc-awards-contracts-for-1000-mw-solar-project/articleshow/91524411.cms?from=mdr <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] [https://solarquarter.com/2024/09/05/nhpc-secures-approval-for-1000-mw-solar-power-usage-charges-of-%E2%82%B92-45-kwh-under-cpsu-scheme-phase-ii/ <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>] [https://www.gem.wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_(NHPC)_solar_plant <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]
# Kalpi Saur Urja Power Project [https://bsulindia.com/uploads/others/Commissioning_12_Jul_20221657631100.pdf Commissioned] [https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/rpm_division/2025/02/Quarterly_Status_Report_on_Development_of_Solar_Parks__UMREPPs_in_the_Country_as_on_December2024..pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://egov.eletsonline.com/2024/02/upnedas-holistic-approach-to-sustainable-energy-in-uttar-pradesh/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/bsul-kalpi-solar-pv-park-india/?cf-view <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] [http://www.cspm.gov.in/ocmstemp/PROJ_SUMMARY?prcd=N18000323&stat=C <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] [https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/power-plant-profile-upneda-kalpi-solar-pv-park-india/ <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>]

==External links==
* {{official website|www.nhpcindia.com}}

{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Electric-generation companies of India]]
[[Category:Faridabad]]
[[Category:Hydroelectricity in India]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1975]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1975]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Companies based in Haryana]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Mohammad Nazim

2026-04-06T19:58:18Z

Teamaksharhospital: Post

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1986)}}
{{for|the Maldivian politician|Mohamed Nazim}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohammad Nazim
| image = Mohammad Nazim in Star Parivar (cropped) 2.jpg
| caption = Nazim at the Star Parivar Awards 2013
| birth_name = Mohammad Nazim Khilji<ref>{{cite web |title=Mohammad Nazim Khilji |url=https://www.instagram.com/khilji_nazim/?hl=en |website=Instagram |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1986|1|1}}
| birth_place = [[Malerkotla]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| years_active = 2009–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Model|actor|singer}}
| known_for = ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
| family =
}}

'''Mohammad Nazim Khilji''' (born 1 January 1986) is an Indian model and actor recognised for his work in [[Television in India|Hindi television]]. He made his television debut with ''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]]''.<ref name="Unique">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-24/news-interviews/46562019_1_mohammad-nazim-horror-film-the-conjuring|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140210085711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-24/news-interviews/46562019_1_mohammad-nazim-horror-film-the-conjuring|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Unique|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Nazim is best known for playing Ahem Modi and Jaggi Modi in [[Star Plus]]'s popular soap opera ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' (2010–2017), one of the [[List of longest-running Indian television series|longest running shows in India]].<ref name="Zee News">{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/actor-mohammad-nazim-keen-on-action-shows_125520.html|title=Actor Mohammad Nazim keen on action shows|date=2 January 2013|work=Zee News|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Indiatvnews.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/saath-nibhana-saathiya-s-mohammad-nazim-keen-on-action-shows-5989.html |title=Saath Nibhana Saathiya's Mohammad Nazim keen on action shows |work=Indiatvnews.com |date=3 January 2013 |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> He has also worked briefly in its sequel ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]''<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |last1=Naithani |first1=Priyanka |title=Tragedy of being an actor: Mohammad Nazim |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tragedy-of-being-an-actor-Mohammad-Nazim/articleshow/19217694.cms |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=26 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref> and played the lead role in its spin-off ''[[Tera Mera Saath Rahe]]'' (2021–2022).<ref name="TOI_May2022"/>

==Early life==
Nazim was born on 1 January 1986 in [[Malerkotla]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], as the son of Suraiya and Abdul Majeed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mohammad Nazim spent his birthday with close friends |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/mohammad-nazim-spent-his-birthday-with-close-friends/1198703 |access-date=4 March 2019 |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=4 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news | title = Can't play grandpa at 30: 'Ahem Modi' quits Saath Nibhana Saathiya | work = Hindustan Times | date = 11 May 2016 | access-date = 16 September 2016 | url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/can-t-play-grandpa-at-30-ahem-modi-quits-saath-nibhana-saathiya/story-OaoJrLSsxq8wZaJ9Ubir2M.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512103852/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/can-t-play-grandpa-at-30-ahem-modi-quits-saath-nibhana-saathiya/story-OaoJrLSsxq8wZaJ9Ubir2M.html |archive-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mohammad Nazim performs topless">{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Swasti |title=Mohammad Nazim performs topless |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mohammad-Nazim-performs-topless/articleshow/29103062.cms |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=4 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Saath Nibhana Saathiya actor Mohammad Nazim's mother dies of heart attack |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/saath-nibhana-saathiya-actor-mohammad-nazim-s-mother-dies-of-heart-attack-1614688-2019-11-01 |magazine=India Today |date=16 June 2018 |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive - Saath Nibhana Saathiya fame Mohammad Nazim's father hospitalised, in critical condition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-saath-nibhana-saathiya-fame-mohammad-nazims-father-hospitalised-in-critical-condition/articleshow/105268862.cms |work=The Times of India |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early days and breakthrough (2009–17)===
Nazim made his entry into [[Television in India|Hindi television industry]] with an unknown role on Star Plus's fantasy based series ''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]]'', created by [[Sphere Origins]], in 2009 and then signed an episodic of [[Sony Entertainment Television]]'s crime thriller ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bureau |first1=FPJ |title=Mohammad Nazim spent his birthday with close friends |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/mohammad-nazim-spent-his-birthday-with-close-friends/1198703 |access-date=4 March 2019 |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=4 January 2018}}</ref> He later played Satya in ''[[Shraddha (TV series)|Shraddha]]''

His biggest breakthrough came when he bagged his first lead role as Ahem Modi for continuously six years (2010–16) in Star Plus's one of the most popular soap operas, ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' opposite [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]].<ref name="Unique"/> In 2015, he also debuted into [[Bollywood]] with the horror film ''Plot No. 666''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Mohammad-Nazim-aka-Ahem-of-Saath-Nibhana-Saathiya-will-make-his-Bollywood-debut-with-horror-film-Plot-No-666/articleshow/29289571.cms |title=Unique plot attracted Nazim to 'Plot No 666' |date=24 January 2014 |agency=IANS |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810215453/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Mohammad-Nazim-aka-Ahem-of-Saath-Nibhana-Saathiya-will-make-his-Bollywood-debut-with-horror-film-Plot-No-666/articleshow/29289571.cms |archive-date=10 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a contestant on ''Box Cricket League'' too.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/|title=Box Cricket League Teams: BCL 2014 Team Details With TV Actors & Names of Celebrities|work=india.com|access-date=14 December 2014|date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910025418/http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/|archive-date=10 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In May 2016, Nazim quit ''Saath Nibhaana Saathiya'' as he didn't want to play a maternal grandfather onscreen.<ref name="Hindustan Times"/> However, in August 2016, he returned to the show playing a new character of Ahem's legitimate twin brother Jaggi Modi and remained present in it until its off air in July 2017.<ref name="Zee News"/> Venturing into [[Punjabi cinema]], he appeared in the Punjabi film ''Big Daddy'' (2017).<ref name="Indiatvnews.com"/>

===Further works (2017–present)===

In August 2018, Nazim reteamed with Bhattacharjee in an episodic of [[&TV]]'s ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''.<ref name="The Times of India"/> Few days later, he found his first antagonistic role in [[Colors TV]]'s well performing drama series ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan Sapnon Ki]]'' as Gumaan Singh Rajvanshi before his role ended the very next month.<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Saath Nibhana Saathiya's Mohammad Nazim keen on action shows - NDTV Movies |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/television/saath-nibhana-saathiyas-mohammad-nazim-keen-on-action-shows-609882 |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=NDTVMovies.com |date=2 January 2013 |language=en}}</ref> In January 2019, he was seen opposite [[Sreejita De]] in another episodic of ''Laal Ishq''.<ref name="Mohammad Nazim performs topless"/>

That same month, Nazim entered Colors TV's ''[[Roop - Mard Ka Naya Swaroop]]'' as the vengeful Samru Singh Vaghela.<ref name="TellychakkarTeam">{{cite news |title=10 unknown interesting facts about Mohammad Nazim |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/features/10-unknown-interesting-facts-about-mohammad-nazim-548 |access-date=4 March 2019 |work=TellyChakkar |author=TellychakkarTeam |date=8 April 2014}}</ref> In July 2019, he joined the same channel's love-triangle ''[[Bahu Begum (2019 TV series)|Bahu Begum]]'' as the greedy and evil Asgar Akhtar Mirza.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhopatkar |first1=Tejashree |title=When Nazim's new look became the butt of joke |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/When-Nazims-new-look-became-a-butt-of-joke/articleshow/29863827.cms |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=5 February 2014 |language=en}}</ref> He quitted the show in November 2019 amicably.<ref name="Shaurya">{{cite news |last1=Chaudhary |first1=Neha |title=Mohammad Nazim on his exit from Bahu Begum: Instead of questioning the makers, I quit the show amicably |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mohammad-nazim-on-his-exit-from-bahu-begum-instead-of-questioning-the-makers-i-quit-the-show-amicably/articleshow/72169633.cms |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=22 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

On 19 October 2020, Nazim reprised his role as Ahem Modi and Jaggi Modi for the first 31 episodes of ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]'', until 23 November 2020, and reunited with Bhattacharjee.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |last1=Maheshwari |first1=Neha |title=Mohammad Nazim to reprise the role of Ahem in 'Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mohammad-nazim-to-reprise-the-role-of-ahem-in-saath-nibhaana-saathiya-2/articleshow/77895660.cms |access-date=7 September 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=2 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

From August 2021 to June 2022, Nazim played the main male lead role Saksham Modi in Star Bharat's ''[[Tera Mera Saath Rahe]]''.<ref name="TOI_May2022"/>

==Filmography==

===Television===
====Main appearances====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Show
!Role
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
| ''[[Shaurya Aur Suhani]]''
| Anand
|
|-
| ''[[Shraddha (TV series)|Shraddha]]''
| Satya
|
|-
|2010
|''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
|Torren
|Ep 607: Dead Boxer
|-
|2012
|''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]''
|Shumbha
|-
|-
|2010–17
|''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
|Ahem Parag Modi/Jaggi Parag Modi
|Lead Role
|-
|2014–16
|''Box Cricket League''
|Contestant<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/|title=Box Cricket League Teams: BCL 2014 Team Details With TV Actors & Names of Celebrities|work=india.com|access-date=14 December 2014|date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910025418/http://www.india.com/showbiz/box-cricket-league-teams-bcl-2014-team-details-with-tv-actors-names-of-celebrities-221217/|archive-date=10 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2018, 2019
|''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''
|Sikandar / Saifuddin Sheikh
|
|-
| 2018
|''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''
|Gumaan Singh Rajvanshi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Roop - Mard Ka Naya Swaroop]]''
|Samru Singh Vaghela
|
|-
|''[[Bahu Begum (2019 TV series)|Bahu Begum]]''
|Asgar Akhtar Mirza
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]''
| Jaggi Parag Modi / Ahem Parag Modi
| 31 Episodes<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[Tera Mera Saath Rahe]]''
| Saksham Krishan Modi
| <ref name="TOI_May2022">{{cite news |title=Mohammad Nazim on Tera Mera Saath Rahe's comparisons with Saathiya: People thought TMSR's would be a lot similar to our previous show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mohammad-nazim-on-tera-mera-saath-rahes-comparisons-with-saathiya-people-thought-tmsrs-would-be-a-lot-similar-to-our-previous-show/articleshow/91748471.cms |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=23 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Shamshaan Champa]]''
|Shakti
|
|-
|2025
| ''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]''
|Vikas Singhania
|
|-
|}

====Guest appearances====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Show
!Role
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
| rowspan=2 | Ahem
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Nach Baliye]]''
| Guest
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2016
|''[[Comedy Classes]]''
| Himself
|-
| ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''
| Ahem
|}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background:#ffc;"|
{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Director
! Notes
|-
|2015
| ''Plot No.666''
| Mack
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''Big Daddy''
| Jordy
|
| [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi film]]
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Munda Rockstar]]''
| Yuvi
|
| [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi film]]
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2024
|Backroad hustle
|
|[[ALTBalaji]] ||
|-
|}

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Album
! Song
! Lyricist
! Music director
|-
| 2015
| ''Jeona mour''
| ''Jeona Mour''
| Gurnam Sidhu
| Desi crew
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Show
! Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015
|[[Zee Gold Awards]]
|Most Fittest Actor
| rowspan="2" |''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
| rowspan="2" {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Gold Awards 2015 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/gold-awards/2015/114 |access-date=30 July 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|[[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
|Most Entertaining Television Actor – Male (with [[Vishal Singh (TV actor born 1985)|Vishal Singh]])
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=5004645}}
* {{Instagram|Khilji_nazim}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazim, Mohammad}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Punjabi cinema]]

Shakthan Thampuran Palace

2026-04-03T12:12:31Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting some stub w/ refs!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Shakthan Thampuran Palace
| image = Sakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur.jpg
| caption = Facade of Shakthan Thampuran Palace, City of [[Thrissur]]
| latitude =
| longitude =
| location_town = City of [[Thrissur]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| architect =
| client = [[Sakthan Thampuran]], [[Maharaja of Cochin]]
| engineer =
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date = 1795
| demolished_date =
| cost =
| structural_system = [[Kerala]] style of [[Nālukettu]]
| architectural_style = [[Kerala]]-[[Dutch architecture|Dutch]] style
| size =
}}
'''Shakthan Thampuran Palace''' is situated in City of [[Thrissur]] in [[Kerala]] state, [[India]]. It is named as '''Vadakkechira Palace''', was reconstructed in Kerala-Dutch style in 1795 by Ramavarma Thampuran<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thrissur.gov.in/tourist-place/sakthan-palace/|title=Sakthan Palace|website=thrissur.gov.in|access-date=2018-10-23}}</ref> of the erstwhile Princely State of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]], well as [[Sakthan Thampuran]] (Greatest ruler of the Cochin dynasty) is preserved by [[Archaeological]] [[Academic department|Department]]. The palace was converted into a museum in 2005 by [[States of India|State]].<ref name="tourism">{{cite web
|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/monuments/shakthan-thampuran-palace-1585576622.php
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213210421/https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/monuments/shakthan-thampuran-palace-1585576622.php
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2010-02-13
|title=Shakthan Thampuran Palace
|publisher=Kerala Tourism
|access-date=2010-09-20}}</ref>
<ref name="hindu">{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/07/02/stories/2006070200360700.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708155725/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/07/02/stories/2006070200360700.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=8 July 2006
|title=Page from the past
|access-date=2010-09-20
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2 July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/shakthan-palace-kochi/11|title=Shakthan Thampuran Palace {{!}} Kerala Tourism|website=Kerala Tourism|language=en|access-date=2018-09-29}}</ref>
[[File:Shakthan Thampuran Palace eastern gate.JPG|thumb|Eastern Gate]]
==Style==
The main structure of the Sakthan Thampuran Palace has a two-storeyed building and a traditional Kerala style [[Nālukettu]]. High roofs, extra thick walls, spacious rooms and floors paved with finely smoothened Italian marbles are some of the structural specialities of this palace. The interiors of the palace, because of its unique construction offer comfortable and pleasant staying conditions irrespective of the prevailing weather conditions.
<ref name="hindu"/>

==History==
Sakthan Thampuran Palace once belonged to the Perumpadappu Swaroopam, the ruling dynasty of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Kochi]]. This was the centre of power of King Rama Varma Sakthan Thampuran, who ruled [[Kingdom of Cochin|Kochi]] between AD 1790 and 1805. His rule was regarded as the Golden Era of the Cochin dynasty. The palace is close to the Vadakkumnathan Temple in Thrissur. Saktan Thampuran is credited with the introduction of the Thrissur Pooram festival, an annual festival in May with teams representing the Parmekavu Bhagavathy temple and Tiruvambadi Krishna temple competing for primacy in front of the Vadakkumnathan temple with elephants, percussion, drums, fireworks, etc. The palace was once known as Vadakkechira Kovilakam and it was the king who renovated it into the present form. The palace keeps with it the historical remnants of some important events like the visit of [[Tipu Sultan]] with his army. The last member of the royal family to reside here was Rama Varma Bharathan Thampuran, a grand nephew of Chowwarayil Theepetta Veliyathampuran. The palace has a very old Sarpakavu (sacred serpent grove) in its premises.<ref name="tourism"/>

==Museum==
The museum displays [[Bronze]] [[Balcony|Gallery]] where one can find bronze statues belonging to the period between the 12th and the 18th centuries, [[Sculpture]] gallery displaying granite statues from the 9th century to the 17th century, [[Numismatics]] Gallery, which systematically displays ancient coins, which were in circulation in the former province of [[Kochi]] and neighbouring kingdoms and the history gallery depicting some of the milestones of the Kochi dynasty and the [[Epigraphy]] Gallery showcasing the genesis and evolution of ancient writings. Other galleries of interest at the palace include, a Gallery for [[Household]] [[food utensil|Utensils]] made of [[bronze]] and [[copper]], used by the rulers of Kochi; and a [[Megalithic]] Gallery exhibiting remains of the great stone age.<ref name="tourism"/>

The numismatic section have coins used in Kerala from the 5th century B.C. Roman gold coins (from the Eeyyal hoard) and [[Travancore]] native coins (in silver), Veerarayans (gold coins) otta puthan and iratta puthan issued by the kings of Cochin are displayed. These indicate an urban development and commerce. The coin board that measured coins in hundreds to thousands is unique. The coins issued by Tipu Sultan during his brief spell in Kerala, Indo-Dutch coins, Malabar coins (issued by the [[French India|French]]), and coins of [[British India]] point to different periods of the history of Kerala.
<ref name="hindu"/>

== Serpent Grove ==
Serpent Grove or [[Sarpa Kavu]] is a snake shrine built for worship of serpent gods like ''Naga Raja'' (King of the snakes) and other snake deities, which is believed to bring prosperity to the royal family. Apart from the occasional prayers and ritualistic feeding of milk to the snakes to please the serpent gods, human interventions in these places are nil.

The snake deities worshiped in serpent grove in the place is ''Naga raja'' and ''Nagayakshi.'' They are located in the palace garden and can be found under a [[Alstonia scholaris|Saptarna tree]].

Located on the southern side of the Shakthan Palace is the [[Natural heritage|Heritage]] [[Garden]], set up recently to exhibit and preserve some of the indigenous varieties of [[plants]] and [[trees]] of Kerala. The archaeological garden, situated in the northeastern part of the palace, has collections from the [[Stone Age]] recovered from the outskirts of Thrissur.<ref name="tourism" /><ref name="hindu" />
<gallery mode="packed-hover" widths="240" heights="240">
File:Two images - Nagaraja and Nagayakshi under a Saptarna Tree.jpg|Front view of the serpent grove
File:Nagaraja under a Saptarna Tree.jpg|Nagaraja under a Saptarna Tree
File:Nagayakshi under a Saptarna Tree.jpg|Nagayakshi under a Saptarna Tree
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{commons category}}
{{coord|10.531181|76.216259|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Tourist attractions in Thrissur}}
{{Tourism in Kerala|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Palaces in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1795]]
[[Category:1795 establishments in India]]

Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala

2026-03-29T12:32:23Z

Teamaksharhospital: further corrected formatting per standard format additionally and improved wording after review

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala
| native_name = 
| image = Tirumala 090615.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|13|40|59.7|N|79|20|49.9|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| locale = [[Tirumala]], [[Tirupati]]
| creator = [[Tondaiman]] 
Veera Narasingadeva Krishnadevaraya Veera Rakshasa Krishnadevaraya Ranganatharaya<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rangarajan |first1=A. D. |date=12 June 2020 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/yadavas-hail-restoration-of-golla-mirasi/article31816586.ece |title=Yadavas hail restoration of 'Golla Mirasi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614094930/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/yadavas-hail-restoration-of-golla-mirasi/article31816586.ec |archive-date=14 June 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=12 June 2020}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 853
| deity = [[Venkateswara]]
| festivals = [[Srivari Brahmotsavam]], [[Vaikunta Ekadasi#Tirupati|Vaikunta Ekadashi]], [[Ratha Saptami#In Tirumala|Ratha Saptami]]
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity = 1
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions = [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Spiritual Journey, Imperial City: Pilgrimage to the Temples of Vijayanagara|author=Alexandra Mack|publisher=Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd |year=2002 |page=80}}</ref><ref name="srivenkatesa.org"/>
| temple_board = [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
| website = {{URL|www.tirumala.org/}}
}}{{Hinduism small}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
The '''Sri Venkateswara Swami Temple''', also known as '''Tirumala Temple''', '''Tirupati Temple''', and '''Tirupati Balaji Temple''', is a [[Hindu temple]] situated in the hills of [[Tirumala]], [[Tirupati Urban mandal|Tirupati Urban Mandal]] in the [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The temple is dedicated to [[Venkateswara]], a form of [[Vishnu]], who is believed to have appeared on earth to save mankind from trials and troubles of ''[[Kali Yuga]]''. Hence the place is also known by the name ''Kaliyuga [[Vaikuntha]]'' and the [[murti|deity]] here is referred to as ''Kaliyuga Prathyaksha Daivam''. Venkateswara is also known by other names including Balaji, Govinda, and Srinivasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirumala.org/maintemple_about.htm |title=Tirumala Temple |access-date=13 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011032254/http://tirumala.org/maintemple_about.htm |archive-date=11 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The temple is run by [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] (TTD), which is under control of Andhra Pradesh Government. The head of TTD is appointed by Andhra Pradesh Government.

Tirumala hills are part of [[Seshachalam Hills]] range. The hills are {{convert|853|m|ft}} above sea level and comprise [[sapthagiri|seven peaks]], representing the seven heads of [[Adisesha]]. The temple lies on the seventh peak—[[Venkata (hill)|Venkatadri]], on the southern banks of Sri Swami Pushkarini, a holy water tank. Hence the temple is also referred to as "Temple of Seven Hills".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Subhash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rh8vEAAAQBAJ |title=God vs Alien: (English Version) |date=19 May 2021 |publisher=Subhash Chandra |pages=54}}</ref> Tirumala town covers an area of about {{convert|10.33|sqmi|km2|2|abbr=on}}.

The temple of Venkateswara was built by [[Thondaman dynasty|Thondaman]] king and reformed periodically by Cholas, Pandyas and Vijayanagar. The temple is constructed in [[Dravidian architecture]] and is believed to be constructed over a period of time starting from 300 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=21 Unknown Facts about Tirupati Balaji Temple (Venkateswara Swamy) |url=https://ttdsevadetails.in/unknown-facts-about-tirupati-balaji-temple/ |work=TTD Seva Details |date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> The [[Garbhagriha]] (Sanctum Sanctorum) is called Ananda Nilayam. The presiding deity, Venkateswara, is in standing posture and faces east in Garbha Gruha. The temple follows [[Vaikhanasa]] [[Āgama (Hinduism)|Agama]] tradition of worship. The temple is one of the eight Vishnu Swayambhu (self-manifested) Kshetras and is listed as the 75th [[Divya Desam]], one of the 108 temples mentioned in the ''[[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]''. The Temple premises have two modern Queue complex buildings to manage the pilgrim crowd, Tarigonda Vengamamba Annaprasadam complex for free meals to Pilgrims, hair tonsure buildings and a number of pilgrim lodging sites. The temple is one of the richest in the world in terms of donations received and wealth.<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news |last=Sudhir |first=Uma |date=13 September 2007 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070026005| title=Tirupati ousts Vatican, reigns at top |work=NDTV |access-date=13 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922164950/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070026005|archive-date=22 September 2007 }}</ref><ref name="CSHindu">{{cite book |last1=Sivaratnam |first1=C |year=1964 |title=An Outline of the Cultural History and Principles of Hinduism |publisher= Stangard Printers |location=Colombo |edition=1 |oclc=12240260 |quote=Koneswaram temple. Tiru-Kona-malai is the sacred mountain of Kona or Koneser, Iswara or Siva. The date of building the original temple is given as 1580 BCE according to a Tamil poem by Kavi Raja Virothayan translated into English in 1831 by Simon Cassie Chitty ... }}</ref><ref name="HLtoSL">{{cite book |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Nirmala|year=2004 |title=The Hindu legacy to Sri Lanka|publisher=Stamford Lake (Pvt.) Ltd. 2004 |location=Pannapitiya|oclc=230674424|isbn=9789558733974|quote= Portuguese writer De Queyroz compares Konesvaram to the famous Hindu temples in Rameswaram, [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Kanchipuram]], Tirupatti-Tirumalai, Jagannath and Vaijayanthi and concludes that while these latter temples were well visited by the Hindus, the former had surpassed all the latter temples by the early 1600s}}</ref>

There are [[Legend of Tirumala|several legends]] associated with the manifestation of the deity in Tirumala. According to one legend, the temple has a [[murti]] of Venkateswara, is “Nitya-daiva-kalpa” — the eternal deity which shall remain on Venkatachala (Tirumala) until the entire duration of the present [[Kalpa (time)|Kalpa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2020 |title=Tirupati – Tirumala – Venkateswara the lord of the Kali Yuga |url=https://dakshinavarta.com/2020/05/21/tirupati-tirumala/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Dakshināvarta |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Mona |last=Punjabi |date=21 April 2019 |title=Tirupati Balaji - History of Tirupati Balaji temple |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/religious-places/history-of-tirupati-balaji-temple/articleshow/68206101.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref>

The temple is one of the world's most visited religious sites, attracts around 24 million devotees annually.<ref name=TTD_4>{{cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Sandeep |date=31 January 2024 |title=Ram Mandir trust to study Tirupati temple's best practices in crowd management |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/ayodhya-ram-mandir-trust-to-study-ttds-crowd-bandobast/articleshow/107275590.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> The average daily pilgrim footfall is above 60,000 devotees, and the number crosses one [[lakh]] devotees during the annual Brahmotsavams, Vaikunta Ekadasi, and other festival and holiday seasons.<ref name=TTD_4/>

==Temple legend==
{{main|Legend of Tirumala}}

During ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'', [[Shesha|Adishesha]] resided on earth as [[Seshachalam Hills]] after losing a contest with [[Vayu]]. According to [[Puranas]], [[Tirumala]] is regarded as Adivaraha Kshetra. After killing [[Hiranyaksha]], [[Varaha|Adivaraha]] resided on this hill. Venkatachala Mahatyam is the widely accepted legend over Tirumala Temple.<ref name=legend1>{{cite web|url = http://www.tirumala.org/TempleLegend.aspx|title = Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Temple Legend|access-date = 31 July 2015|archive-date = 12 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151212225637/http://www.tirumala.org/TempleLegend.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref>

During ''[[Kali Yuga]]'', [[Narada]] advised some sages who were performing [[yajna|yagna]] to decide who could be given the fruits of yagna among [[Trimurti]]s ([[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]]). [[Bhrigu]] was sent to test the Trinity. The sage who had an extra eye in the sole of his foot visited [[Brahma]] and [[Shiva]] and went unnoticed in both these locations. He cursed Brahma to be not worshipped and Shiva to be worshipped as a [[lingam]]. At last he visited [[Vishnu]] and the lord acts as if he had not noticed Bhrigu. Getting angered by this act, sage Bhrigu kicked Vishnu in the chest, to which Vishnu did not react and instead apologised to the Sage by massaging his feet. During this act, he squashed the extra eye that was present in the sole of Bhrigu's foot. However [[Lakshmi]] finds it as an insult since Vishnu's chest was considered as Lakshmi's residence (''vakshasthala'') and Bhrigu kicked it which indirectly insulted Lakshmi. She then left [[Vaikuntha]] and came to Earth to [[Kolhapur]] and started meditating.<ref name=legend1 />

Vishnu bore human form as [[Venkateswara|Srinivasa]], left Vaikuntha, in search of Lakshmi, reached the ''Seshachalam'' hills in Tirumala and started meditating. Lakshmi learned of the condition of Srinivasa and called Shiva and Brahma. Shiva and Brahma then converted themselves into Cow and Calf and Lakshmi had handed over the cow and calf to [[Chola]] king ruling over Tirumala Hills at that time. The Cow would provide milk to Srinivasa daily while it was taken for grazing. One day, a cowherd saw this and tried to beat the Cow with his staff but Srinivasa had borne the injury. Getting angered by this Srinivasa had cursed the Chola king to become a [[Demon]] as dharma says sins committed by servants should be borne by Kings. The king prayed for mercy after which Srinivasa said to him, that the King should take next birth as Akasharaja and should perform marriage of his daughter Padmavati with Srinivasa.<ref name=legend1 />

Srinivasa went to his foster-mother [[Vakula Devi]] on Tirumala hills and stayed there for a while. After curse, [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] king took rebirth as Akasharaja and he had a daughter named Padmavati, who was born in the Padmapushkarini situated at present day [[Tiruchanur]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Srinivasa married Padmavati who is form of Lakshmi at present day Narayanavanam in Andhra Pradesh and returned to Tirumala Hills. The Lord's desire to be on the seven hills for the emancipation of mankind from the perpetual troubles of ''Kali Yuga''. Both the Lord and Goddesses turn into stone deities expressing their wish to be always there.<ref name=legend1 />

==History of the temple==
{{main|History of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple}}

=== Mention in ''Cilappatikaram'' ===
The temple finds a mention in one of the [[Five Great Epics]] ''[[Cilappatikaram]]'', Kovalan meeting a Brahmin asks him where he is from and why did he come here, and he Replied "I came to satisfy my heart's desire, to see with my own eyes the glory of [[Vishnu]], whom many worship with prayer as He reposes with [[Lakshmi]] in His chest, on the couch of the thousand hooded Serpent, in the temple in island jutting out on the widening waves of the Kaveri, even as the blue clouds repose supine on the slopes of the lofty golden mountain (Meru)." This line mentions [[Srirangam]] and next he mentions [[Tirumala]] as follows, "I also came to see the beauty of the red-eyed Lord, holding in His beautiful lotus-hands the discus which is death to His enemies, and also the milk white conch (to see Him) wearing a garland of tender flowers on His chest, and draped in golden flowers and dwelling on the topmost crest of the tall and lofty hill named Venkatam with innumerable waterfalls, standing like a cloud in its natural hue, adorned with a rainbow and attired with lightning, in the midst of a place both sides of which are illumined by the spreading rays of the sun and the moon."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201802/page/n187/mode/2up | title=The Silappadikaram | date=11 January 2024 }}</ref>

===Medieval history===
The first recorded endowment was made by Pallava queen Samavai in the year 966 CE. She donated many jewels and two parcels of land (one 10 acres and other 13 acres) and ordered use of the revenues generated from that land for the celebration of major festivals in the temple.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Arvind |editor1-last=Sharma |editor2-first=Katherine K. |editor2-last=Young |title=Feminism and World Religions |date=1999 |publisher=State University of New York |isbn=0-7914-4023-0 |url={{GBurl|OGxL4YCX4AYC|page=48}} |page=48}}</ref> The [[Pallava dynasty]] (9th century), the [[Chola dynasty]] (10th century), [[Reddi kingdom]] (12th and 13th centuries) and Vijayanagara [[pradhan]]s (14th and 15th centuries) were committed devotees of Venkateswara. The temple gained most of its current wealth and size under the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], present-day [[Karnataka state]], with the donation of diamonds and gold.<ref name = 'Tirumalatemple'>{{cite book |author=N.Ramesan|title=The Tirumala Temple |year=1981 |publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|location=Tirumala}}</ref> In the 16th century, Vijayanagara Emperor [[Krishnadevaraya]] was a frequent donor and visitor to the temple. His donations of gold and jewels enabled the [[Ananda Nilayam]] (inner shrine) roofing to be gilded. On 2 January 1517, Krishnadevaraya installed his own statue in the temple.<ref name="ttd">{{cite web |last1=ttd |first1=official site |title=TTD Temple History |url=https://www.tirumala.org/TTDTempleHistory.aspx |website=Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams |publisher=Temple website |access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref>

After the decline of Vijayanagara Empire, rulers from states such as the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and the [[Gadwal Samsthanam]] worshipped as pilgrims and donated ornaments and valuables to the temple.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} [[Maratha Empire|Maratha general]] [[Raghoji I Bhonsle]] set up a permanent administration for the conduct of worship in the temple. He donated valuable jewels to the Lord which are still preserved in a box named after him.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.tirumala.org/maintemple_history.htm| title=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams: Temple History| access-date=15 July 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412013703/http://www.tirumala.org/maintemple_history.htm| archive-date=12 April 2012| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Between 1320 CE and 1369 CE, idols of [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam]] were brought to this temple for safe keeping.<ref name="ttd"/>{{better source needed|date= August 2022}}

===Ramanujacharya's visits===
In the 11th and 12th centuries, [[Ramanujacharya]] visited Tirupati three times. During his first visit, he spent a year with his uncle, Tirumalai Nambi, learning the esoteric meaning of the [[Ramayana]]. His second visit was to settle a dispute that had arisen between the [[Saivites]] and [[Vaishnavites]] regarding the nature of the image set up in the Tirumala temple.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sreenivasa Ayyangar |first=C. R |title=The life and teachings of Sri Ramanujacharya |date=1908 |publisher=R. Venkateshwar |location=Madras |language=English |oclc=30865934}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=September 2025}} During the last visit, at the advanced old age of 102 years{{Verify source|date=September 2025}}, the Acharya installed the image of [[Govindaraja Temple, Tirupati|Govindaraja]] and laid the foundations of the present-day town of Tirupati.<ref name = 'Tirumalatemple'/> Ramanuja streamlined the rituals at the Tirumala temple according to [[Vaikhanasa]] [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agama]] tradition and introduced the recitation of [[Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]. He also set up Tirupati Jeeyar [[Matha|Mutt]] in 1119 AD in consultation with Tirumalai Ananthalwan to institutionalise service to the deity and supervise the temple rituals. To this day, the Jeeyars ensure that the rituals ordained by Ramanuja are observed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pontiffs Jeeyangars, the Ombudsman of Tirumala Temple rituals – TTD News |url=http://news.tirumala.org/pontifs-jeeyangars-the-ombudsman-of-tirumala-temple-rituals/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=T. T. D. News |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803072335/http://news.tirumala.org/pontifs-jeeyangars-the-ombudsman-of-tirumala-temple-rituals/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Voice of a mighty philosophy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/Voice-of-a-mighty-philosophy/article16614610.ece |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=25 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Narasimhan |first1=T. A |title=He streamlined the rituals at Tirumala temple |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/He-crawled-all-the-way-up/article14425912.ece |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=16 June 2016}}</ref>

===Modern history===
[[File:SwamiPushkarni.JPG|thumb|250px|Swami Pushkarni of Tirumala]]
{{See also|Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams#Establishment and legislative setting|l1=Establishment and legislative setting of TTD}}
After the end of [[Vijayanagara Empire]], the temple went into the hands of [[Golconda]] in July 1656 and then it was under the [[French India|French]] for a short period of time and under [[Nawab of Carnatic]] till 1801 CE. With the arrival of the British during the early 19th century, the management of the temple passed to hands of [[East India Company]], who accorded special status to temple and avoided interference in temple activities.<ref name="british">{{cite book |last=V.K|first=Bhaskara Rao |title=Organisational and Financial Management of Religious Institutions: With Special Reference to Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |date=1992 |pages=52, 53|isbn=81-7100-441-5}}</ref> Madras government passed Regulation seven of 1817, which passed the temple to Board of Revenue through collector of North Arcot District.<ref name="british" /> In 1821, Bruce, the then East India company commissioner for Chittoor district, had drawn rules for the management of Temple which is referred to as ''[[Bruce's Code]]''.<ref name="british" />
The 7th [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad]], [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] made yearly donations of {{INR}}8,000 to the temple.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=A 'miser' who donated generously|newspaper=thehindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-lsquomiser-who-donated-generously/article15988076.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005104303/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-lsquomiser-who-donated-generously/article15988076.ece|archive-date=5 October 2020|date=19 February 2010|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>

In 1843, the [[East India Company]] transferred the Administration of Temple along with [[List of temples under Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams#In Tirupati|other Temples in Tirupati]] to [[Mahant]]s of [[Hathiram Bhavaji#Hathiramji Muth|Hathiramji Muth]], who acted as Vicaranakartas. It was under the rule of Mahants for six generations until 1933 when [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] was formed as a result of the TTD Act in 1933.<ref>{{cite book |last=Koutha |first=Nirmala Kumari |title=History of the Hindu Religious Endowments in Andhra Pradesh |publisher=Northern Book Centre |date=1 January 1998 |page=124 |isbn=81-7211-085-5}}</ref> The Act of 1933 was superseded by Madras Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Act of 1951.<ref name=apendowments>{{cite book |last=Koutha |first=Nirmala Kumari |title=History of the Hindu Religious Endowments in Andhra Pradesh |publisher=Northern Book Centre |date=1 January 1998 |page=136 |isbn=81-7211-085-5}}</ref> Again in 1966, the temple was placed under direct control of [[Andhra Pradesh]] State Endowments Department, with Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments act.<ref name=apendowments /> In 1979, act of 1966 was rolled back with new Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams act, where temple administration was vested to a committee consisting of Executive officer, Chairman and two other members nominated by [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=apendowments />
The temple is run by body [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] (TTD) which is under control of Andhra Pradesh Government. The head of TTD is appointed by Andhra Pradesh Government. The revenue from this shrine is used by Andhra Pradesh government.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last1=Rao |first1=Lokeswara |date=17 October 2020|title=Andhra government eyes Tirupati wealth|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/andhra-government-eyes-tirupati-wealth|access-date=22 August 2021|website=The Sunday Guardian Live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news |last1=Seshagiri |first1=D M |last2=Sinha |first2=Saurabh |title=Andhra Pradesh government reappoints YV Subba Reddy as TTD Board Chairman |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/andhra-pradesh-government-reappoints-yv-subba-reddy-as-ttd-board-chairman-2382937.html |access-date=30 July 2022 |work=Zee News |date=8 August 2021}}</ref>
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi pays obeisance at Tirumala Temple, in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] pays obeisance at Tirumala Temple]]
The temple bears as many as 640 inscriptions in [[Kannada]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages.<ref name="srivenkatesa.org">{{Cite web |url=http://srivenkatesa.org/index.php/temple/templehistory/675-tirumala-hill-shrine-and-inscriptions |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208115439/http://srivenkatesa.org/index.php/temple/templehistory/675-tirumala-hill-shrine-and-inscriptions |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is a unique collection of about 3000 copper plates on which the [[Carnatic music|Telugu Sankirtanas]] of [[Tallapaka Annamacharya]] and his descendants are inscribed.<ref>{{cite book|title=Musical heritage of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1o4HAQAAMAAJ&q=3000+copper+plates+annamcharya|access-date=23 September 2019|isbn = 9788187226611|last1 = Ramakrishna|first1 = Lalita|year = 2003| publisher=Shubhi Publication }}</ref><ref name=annam2>{{cite book|title=International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics: IJDL., Volume 36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23ULAQAAMAAJ&q=3000+copper+plates+annamcharya|access-date=23 September 2019|year = 2007}}</ref> This collection forms a valuable source of material for a historical linguist in Telugu apart from its importance to musicologists.<ref name=annam2 />

==Temple administration==
{{Main|Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams}}

[[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] (TTD) is the trust board which oversees and manages the operations of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. It is operated by a board of trustees that has increased in size from five (1951) to eighteen (2015)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/New-TTD-Board-Members-to-Take-Oath-on-May-2/2015/04/30/article2790143.ece| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030001244/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/New-TTD-Board-Members-to-Take-Oath-on-May-2/2015/04/30/article2790143.ece| url-status=dead| archive-date=30 October 2015| title=New TTD Board Members to Take Oath on May 2|access-date=31 July 2015}}</ref> through the adoption of Acts. The daily operation and management of TTD is the responsibility of an executive officer, who is appointed by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].

Based on analysis of data during Jan 2022 – Feb 2024, maximum average daily visitors to Tirumala Venkateswara temple is about {{formatnum:87000}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of daily pilgrims to Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams from January 2022 to February 2024 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1362966/tirumala-tirupati-devasthanams-number-of-daily-pilgrims/ |website=Statista |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=13 March 2024}}{{Cbignore}}</ref> The annual budget, estimated at ₹25301 million for the financial year 2015–16,<ref>{{cite web|url = http://news.tirumala.org/ttd-approves-annual-budget/|title = TTD approves annual budget for the year 2015-16|access-date = 31 July 2015|archive-date = 10 September 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150910191555/http://news.tirumala.org/ttd-approves-annual-budget/|url-status = dead}}</ref> runs charitable trusts whose funds are derived from the budget and donations from the devotees.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.tirumala.org/activities_main.htm| title=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams: Social Service| access-date=15 July 2011| archive-date=7 August 2002| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020807234939/http://www.tirumala.org/activities_main.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> The annual income is estimated at ₹10000 million in 2008. Most of its income is derived from the donations in SriVari Hundi. Devotees donate to the TTD, which runs into millions of rupees. TTD, the organisation running the welfare of the temple, runs various charitable trusts, whose funds are derived from the budget and donations from the devotees.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.tirumala.org/activities_main.htm|title = TTD-social service activities|access-date = 2 February 2009|archive-date = 7 August 2002|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20020807234939/http://www.tirumala.org/activities_main.htm|url-status = dead}}</ref>
{{See also|List of temples under Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams}}

==Architecture==
{{main|Architecture of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple}}

[[File:Tirumala Venkateswara temple entrance 09062015.JPG|thumb|View of Facade of the temple]]
[[File:Tirumala View from srivari padalu.jpg|thumb|250px|Tirumala Temple and [[Vaikuntam Queue Complex]] (semicircular building in the foreground) as seen from Srivari Padalu on Narayanagiri hill]]

;Dvarams and Prakarams
There are three ''dvarams'' (entrances) which lead to the ''[[garbhagriha]]'' from outside. ''Mahadvaram,'' also known as ''padikavali'', is the first entrance which is provided through ''Mahaprakaram'' (outer compound wall). A 50 feet, five storied [[Gopuram]] (Temple tower) is constructed over this Mahadvaram with seven [[kalasam]]s at its apex. ''Vendivakili'' (Silver Entrance), also known as ''Nadimipadikavali'', is the second entrance and is provided through ''Sampangi Prakaram'' (Inner compound wall). A three storied Gopuram is constructed over Vendivakili with seven Kalasams at its apex. ''Bangaruvakili'' (golden entrance) is the third entrance which leads into the ''[[garbhagriha]]''. There are two tall copper images of the [[dvarapala]]kas [[Jaya-Vijaya]] on either side of this door. The thick wooden door is covered with gold gilt plates depicting the [[Dashavatara]] of [[Vishnu]].

;Pradakshinams
The circumambulation around the [[sanctum sanctorum]] in the temple or deities is called [[Parikrama|Pradakshinam]]. There are two circumbulation paths in the temple. The first one is area between the ''Mahaprakaram'' and the ''sampangiprakaram''. This path known as ''Sampangipradakshinam'' has many [[Mandapa]]s, a [[Dwajasthambam|dvajasthambam]], a [[Bali Pitha]], kshetrapalika sila, and a prasadam distribution area. The ''Vimanapradakhinam'' is the second ''pradakshinam'', which circumbulates the ''[[Ananda Nilayam|Ananda Nilayam Vimanam]]''. This path has sub-shrines dedicated to Varadaraja and Yoga Narasimha, a potu (main kitchen), a bangaru bavi (golden well), an Ankurarpana Mandapam, a [[Yaga-shala|yagashala]], Nanala (coins and Notla (Paper notes) Parkamani, Almyrah of Sandal paste (Chandanapu ara), a cell of records, Sannidhi Bhashyakarulu, a hundi, and the seat of [[Vishvaksena]].

;Anandanilayam vimanam and Garbhagriha
The ''[[garbhagriha]]'' is the [[sanctum sanctorum]] where the presiding deity [[Venkateswara]] resides along with other small deities. The golden entrance leads to the g''arbhagriha''. There are two more doors in between the ''bangaruvakili'' and the ''garbhagriha''. The deity is in a standing posture with four hands in different postures - one in ''varada'' posture, one placed over thigh and other two holding the ''[[Panchajanya]]'' and the ''[[Sudarshana Chakra]]''. The deity is decorated with precious ornaments. The deity bears the [[Lakshmi|goddess Lakshmi]] on the right chest and the [[Alamelu|goddess Padmavati]] on the left. Pilgrims are not allowed to enter the garbhagriha (beyond ''Kulasekharapadi'' (path).

The ''[[Ananda Nilayam|Ananda Nilayam Vimanam]]'' is the main gopuram constructed over the ''garbhagriha''. This is a three-storied gopuram and has single [[Kalasam]] at its apex. It is covered with gilt copper plates and covered with a golden vase. Depictions of several deities are carved over this gopuram. On this gopuram, there is a deity of Venkateswara known as ''Vimana Venkateswara,'' which is believed{{by whom|date=March 2023}} to be exact replica of deity inside the ''garbhagriha''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sitapati |first=Pidatala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10QgAAAAMAAJ |title=Sri Venkateswara, the Lord of the Seven Hills, Tirupati |date=1968 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |pages=107 |language=en}}</ref>

==Deities in the temple==
{{main|Venkateswara|Tirumala Dhruva Bera|Deities in Tirumala Venkateswara Temple}}

[[File:Sri vari swarana radham879.jpg|thumb|Deity in procession at the temple]]
[[Venkateswara]], a form of [[Vishnu]] is the [[Tirumala Dhruva Bera|presiding deity of the temple]]. It is believed that the [[Moolavar|Moolavirat]] is Swayambhu (self manifested).<ref name=svayam1>{{cite book|title=Pagan Ethics: Paganism as a World Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cJOCgAAQBAJ&q=Swayambhu+tirumala&pg=PA405|access-date=24 September 2019|isbn = 9783319189239|last1 = York|first1 = Michael|date = 5 August 2015| publisher=Springer }}</ref>
===Pancha berams===
As per Vaikhanasa Agamas, Venkateswara is represented by five [[Murti|deities]] (berams) including the Moolavirat which are together referred to as '''Pancha beramulu''' (Pancha means five; Beram means Deity).<ref name=panchaberam>{{cite book | title =Sri Venkateshwara| publisher = Shantha Nair| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=CY9eAAAAQBAJ&q=pancha+beram&pg=PT219| isbn = 9788184954456| date = 7 January 2014}}</ref> The five deities are Dhruva Beram (Moolavar), Kautuka Beram, Snapana Beram, Utsava Beram, Bali Beram. All the pancha berams are placed in the Garbha griha under [[Ananda Nilayam|Ananda Nilayam Vimanam]].<ref name=panchaberam />

#'''Moolavirat''' or '''[[Tirumala Dhruva Bera|Dhruva Beram]]'''- In the centre of [[Garbha griha]], under the Ananda Nilayam Vimana, the Moolavirat of Venkateswara is seen in standing posture on lotus base, with four arms, two holding Shanka and Chakra and one in Varada posture and other in Kati posture. This deity is considered the main source of energy for the temple and adorns with the Vaishnavite nama and jewels including vajra kiritam (diamond crown), Makarakundalas, Nagabharana, Makara Kanti, [[Saligrama]] haram, Lakshmi haram.<ref name=panchaberam /> Venkateswara's consort, [[Lakshmi]] stays on the chest of the Moolavirat as Vyuha Lakshmi.
#'''[[Bhoga Srinivasa]]''' or '''Kautuka Beram''' - This is a small one-foot (0.3 m) silver deity which was given to the temple in 614 AD by the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] Queen Samavai for conducting festivals. Bhoga Srinivasa is always placed near the left foot of Moolavirat and is always connected to the main deity by a holy ''Sambandha Kroocha''.This deity receives many daily sevas (pleasures) on behalf of Moolavar and hence known as Bhoga Srinivasa (Telugu: Bhoga means Pleasure). This deity receives Ekanthaseva daily<ref name=bhoga1>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tiruppavai-to-replace-Suprabhata-Seva/articleshow/55865340.cms| title=Tiruppavai to replace Suprabhata Seva | work=times of india | date=8 December 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> and SahasraKalasabhisheka on Wednesdays.
#'''[[Ugra Srinivasa]]''' or '''Snapana Beram''' - This deity represents the fearsome (Telugu: Ugra means angry) aspect of deity Venkateswara.<ref name=ugra2>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Much-awaited-Kaisika-Dwadasi-falls-on-November-11/articleshow/55271593.cms| title=Much awaited Kaisika Dwadasi falls on November 11 | work=times of india | date=6 November 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=ugra1>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Fervour-marks-%E2%80%98Kaisika-Dwadasi%E2%80%99-at-Tirumala/article16443338.ece| title=Fervour marks 'Kaisika Dwadasi' at Tirumala | work=The Hindu | date=2 December 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> This deity was the main processional deity until 1330 CE when it was replaced by the Malayappa Swami deity.<ref name=panchaberam /> Ugra Srinivasa remains inside the sanctum sanctorum and comes out on a procession only one day in a year: on ''Kaishika Dwadasi,'' before the sunrise.<ref name=ugra1 /><ref name=ugra2 /> This deity receives daily ''[[abhishekam]]'' on behalf of Moolavirat, giving the name Snapana Beram (Sanskrit: Snapana means cleansing)
#'''[[Malayappa Swami]]''' or '''Utsava Beram''' - Malayappa is the processional deity (Utsava beram) of the Temple and is always flanked by the deities of his consorts [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]]. This deity receives all festivals like [[Srivari Brahmotsavam|Brahmotsavams]], Kalyanotsavam, Dolotsavam, Vasanthotsavam, Sahasra deepalankarana seva, Padmavati parinyotsavams, pushpapallaki, Anivara asthanam, Ugadi asthanam etc.
#'''[[Koluvu Srinivasa]]''' or '''Bali Beram'''- Koluvu Srinivasa represents Bali Beram. Koluvu Srinivasa is regarded as the guardian deity of the temple that presides over its financial and economic affairs. Daily Koluvu seva (Telugu: Koluvu means engaged in) is held in the morning, during which, the previous day's offerings, income, expenditures are notified to this deity, with a presentation of accounts. Panchanga sravanam also is held at the same time during which that particular days [[Tithi]], sunrise and sunset time, nakshatra are notified to the Venkateswara.

===Other murtis===
Along with Pancha berams, the garbha griha also hosts the [[panchaloha]] deities of [[Sita]], [[Rama]], [[Lakshmana]], [[Rukmini]], [[Krishna]],<ref name=bhoga1 /> [[Sudarshana Chakra#In anthropomorphic form|Chakratalvar]]. The temple hosts the deities of [[Garuda]] (Vishnu's vehicle), [[Narasimha]], Varadaraja, [[Kubera]], [[Hanuman]] in their respective sub-shrines. The temple also host the deities of [[Shesha]] (Vishnu's serpent), [[Viswaksena]], [[Sugriva]], [[Ramanuja]]. Vimana Venkateswara is the exact replica icon of Venkateswara carved on the Ananda Nilayam Vimana's second tier north west corner.<ref name=panchaberam />

==Worship==

===Puja===
The temple follows ''[[Vaikhanasas|Vaikhanasa Agama]]'' tradition of worship,<ref name=agama>{{cite book|title=Tirumala, the Panorama of Seven Hills|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b6jXAAAAMAAJ&q=tirumala+vaikhanasa+agama|access-date=20 September 2019|last1 = Varadachary|first1 = T.|year = 1999}}</ref> which is believed to have been revealed by Sage Vikhanasa<ref name=agama2>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Oriental Philosophy and Religion: Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=skb05uE64cEC&q=Vaikhanasa&pg=PA891|access-date=20 September 2019|isbn = 9788182200746|last1 = Singh|first1 = Nagendra Kr|last2 = Mishra|first2 = A. P.|year = 2005| publisher=Global Vision Publishing House }}</ref><ref name=agama1>{{cite book|title=Tirumala, the Panorama of Seven Hills|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b6jXAAAAMAAJ&q=vaikhanasa+vikhanasa|access-date=20 September 2019|last1 = Varadachary|first1 = T.|year = 1999}}</ref> and propagated by his disciples [[Atri]], [[Bhrigu]], [[Marichi]], [[Kasyapa]].<ref name=agama2 /><ref name=agama3>{{cite book|title=Instrument and Purpose: Studies on Rites and Rituals South India|publisher=Gleevup|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4725|quote=Sage Vikhanasa atri.|access-date=20 September 2019|last1 = Diehl|first1 = Carl Gustav|year = 1956}}</ref> Vaikhanasa is one of the principal traditions of [[Hinduism]] and primarily worships [[Vishnu]] (and his associated Avatars) as the Supreme God. This ancient texts recommends [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] (worship) for Vishnu six times a day, of which at least one puja is mandatory.<ref name=worship1>{{cite web|title=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Arjitha Sevas|url=http://www.tirumala.org/ArjithaSevas.aspx|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-date=21 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721201713/http://www.tirumala.org/ArjithaSevas.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rituals are classified as daily, weekly and periodical. The daily sevas in Temple (in order of occurrence) include Suprabhata Seva, Thomala Seva, Archana, Kalyanotsavam, Dolotsavam (Unjal Seva), Arjita Brahmotsavam, Arjita Vasantotsavam, Sahasra Dipalankarana Seva, Ekanta Seva. Weekly sevas of the Temple include Vishesha Pooja on Monday, Ashtadala Pada Padmaradhana on Tuesday, Sahasra Kalasabhishekam on Wednesday, Tiruppavada Seva on Thursday, Abhishekam and Nijapada Darshanam on Friday. There are no weekly sevas on Saturday and Sunday. Periodical rituals include Jyesthabhishekam, Aaniwara Asthanam, Pavithrotsavam, Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam.

The Naalayira Divya Prabandam is under [[tenkalai]] tradition, however both traditions are permitted to recite. The rituals follow the [[vadakalai]] sect of [[Vaikhanasa]] agama shastra. The priests are born in four familial groups all following [[Vaikhanasa]] and Vadakalai traditions. The acharyas of the temple is the pedda and Chinna Tirupati Jeeyar Swami of the [[tenkalai]] tradition and the ekanki swamis of both kalai traditions. This is the only major mixed divyadesams with both vadakalai and tenkalai traditions. The different mutts all have a role in the temple. Prominent vadakalai groups that have significant influence include [[Ahobilam|Ahobila]] mutt, [[Parakala matha]], [[vaikhanasa]] priests, and thathacharyas. Prominent tenkalai mutts include pedda and Chinna Tirupati jeeyar mutt, who reside in Tirupati and are trustees to the temple. Overall, [[vadakalai]] have slightly more power in temple traditions, however the power is divided among more entities while the tenkalai have more unified powe under the Tirumala Tirupati Jeeyar mutts. Many aspects of the temple practices relates to both traditions and devotees will see both symbols widely used. The [[advaita]]s have influence relating to the recitation of Vedas.<ref>{{cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Sandeep |title=TTD hereditary priests: An in-depth look |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ttd-hereditary-priests-an-in-depth-look/articleshow/67226642.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=24 December 2018 |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref>

===Naivedhyam===
{{main|Naivedhya}}

[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805329 - Bhog Prasad Tirupati Laddoo (cropped).jpeg|thumb|Postal stamp issued by [[India Post]] (in 2017) commemorating the Tirupati Laddu<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akbar |first=Syed |date=5 November 2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyds-signature-cuisine-biryani-tirupati-laddoo-idli-dosa-get-india-post-stamp/articleshow/61514034.cms |title=Hyderabad's signature cuisine: Biryani, Tirupati laddoo & idli-dosa get India Post stamp |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>]]
The ''[[Tirupati Laddu]]'' is given at Tirumala Temple as [[prasadam]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Record-sale-of-Tirupati-laddoos/articleshow/2009475.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Record sale of Tirupati laddoos | date=7 May 2007}}</ref> Tirupati Laddu received the [[Geographical indication]] tag which entitles only [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] to make or sell it.<ref>{{cite news|title=Only TTD entitled to make or sell 'Tirupati laddu': High Court|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/only-ttd-entitled-to-make-or-sell-tirupati-laddu-high-court/article5743809.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2015|date=3 March 2014|last1=Sivaraman|first1=R.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Now, Geographical Indication rights for 'Tirupati laddu'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/now-geographical-indication-rights-for-tirupati-laddu-114022800969_1.html|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=23 June 2015|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=28 February 2014}}</ref> Many other prasadams are also offered to Venkateswara and they are classified as Anna-prasadams and Panyarams.<ref>{{cite book|title=Srivari Brahmotsavam: A celestial spectacle on earth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXZMAgAAQBAJ&q=daddojanam&pg=PA30|access-date=23 September 2019|year = 2013}}</ref> Annaprasadams include chakerapongal (sweet), [[Pulihora]] (tamarind rice), miryala pongal, kadambham, [[Curd rice|daddojanam]] (curd rice).<ref name=naivedya1 /> Panyarams include laddu, [[Vada (food)|vada]], [[Dosa (food)|Dosa]], [[Appam]], [[Jalebi|jilebi]], [[Murukku|muruku]], [[Puran poli|poli]], [[Kheer|payasam]].<ref name=naivedya1 /> Free meals are given daily to the pilgrims. On Thursdays, the Tiruppavada seva is conducted, where huge quantity of pulihora is offered to Venkateswara by heaping up into a pyramidal shape in Tirummani mandapam (ghanta mandapam).<ref name=naivedya1>{{cite book |title=The Crown Divine: Diamond Crown Souvenir, December 20, 1985 |date=1985 |publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams |pages=42, 43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vl7kAAAAMAAJ&q=Tiruppavada+seva |access-date=23 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

===Darshan===
To manage the large number of devotees visiting the temple, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam constructed two Vaikuntam Queue Complexes: one in the year 1983 and the other in the year 2000. Vaikuntam Queue complexes have rooms where devotees can sit and wait until their turn for darshan. According to tradition, it is important for a devotee to have darshan of Bhuvaraha swamy temple lying on the northern banks of Swami Pushkarini before having darshan of Venkateswara in the main temple.<ref name=darshan1>{{cite web|url = http://www.tirumala.org/Varaha_TempleLegend.aspx|title = Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Sri Bhu Varaha Swamy Temple|access-date = 27 August 2015|archive-date = 4 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193316/http://www.tirumala.org/Varaha_TempleLegend.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref>

In 2013, the administration introduced a separate queue for pedestrian pilgrims. Free but limited number of biometric tokens are issued for the pilgrims to access this special queue. Tokens are provided on a first-come, first-served basis. The pilgrims can worship [[Venkateswara]] on the allotted time slots issued in the token. There are two entry points for the foot-path pilgrims: Alipiri Mettu and Srivari Mettu. Alipiri Mettu is open round the clock, whereas Srivari Mettu is open from 06:00 to 18:00.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shukla |first1=G. P |title=Early closure of Srivari Mettu footpath mooted |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/early-closure-of-srivari-mettu-footpath-mooted/article5094927.ece |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=4 September 2013 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

{{See also|Vaikuntam Queue Complex}}

To manage the large number of visitors, the temple administration has established various darshan types to ensure an orderly and efficient flow of pilgrims.

Sarva Darshan (Free Darshan): Sarva Darshan is the general queue available to all devotees free of charge. It is the most common and popular type of darshan. Devotees stand in line for several hours, sometimes even overnight, to have a glimpse of Venkateswara. The waiting time can vary depending on the crowd, festivals, and other factors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Free Darshan Tirumala Sarva Darshan|url=https://tirupatibalajionline.com/free-darshan-tirumala-sarva-darshan/|website=Tirupati Balaji Online|date=17 May 2023 |access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref>

Special Entry Darshan (Seeghra Darshan): Special Entry Darshan is a paid darshan option introduced to reduce the waiting time for devotees. By purchasing a ticket, devotees can have a quicker darshan experience compared to the free darshan queue. The cost and availability of the tickets may vary, and they can be booked online or at designated TTD counters.

===Hair tonsuring===
[[File:Women Head shave.png|thumb|An example of the hair tonsuring ceremony]]
Many devotees have their head tonsured as "Mokku", an offering to God. The daily amount of hair collected is over a ton. The hair is collected and is sold internationally creating a substantial profit for the temple.<ref name="rai">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/14/world/a-religious-tangle-over-the-hair-of-pious-hindus.html?pagewanted=all |title=A Religious Tangle Over the Hair of Pious Hindus |author=Saritha Rai |date=14 July 2004 |access-date=26 April 2009 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 July 2022 |title=Tirupati Tirumala Temple: তিরুপতির এই মন্দির আপনাকে এনে দেবে জীবনের সব সুখ! বদলে দিতে এই সামান্য জিনিসটা |work=The Bengali Chronicle |url=https://thebengalichronicle.com/devotees-donates-hair-at-tirupati-tirumala-temple-act/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |language=bn |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810081607/https://thebengalichronicle.com/devotees-donates-hair-at-tirupati-tirumala-temple-act/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> As per legend, when Venkateswara was hit on his head by a cowherd, a small portion of his scalp became bald. This was noticed by Neela Devi, a [[Gandharva]] princess. Immediately, she cut a portion of her hair and, with her magic, implanted it on his scalp.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tarlo|first=Emma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7B29DwAAQBAJ&q=Venkateswara+Neela+Devi&pg=PT66|title=Entanglement: The Secret Lives of Hair|date=6 October 2016|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-78074-993-8|page=66|language=en}}</ref> Venkateswara noticed her sacrifice. As hair is a beautiful asset of the female form, he promised her that all his devotees who come to his abode would offer their hair to him, and she would be the recipient of all the hair received. Hence, it is believed that hair offered by the devotees is accepted by Neela Devi. The hill, Neeladri, one of the seven hills, is named after her.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} Traditionally the barbers employed to do the tonsuring were male and from the [[Nai (caste)|Nayee caste]] and this caused some discrimination and failed to resolve the requests from women that they would like a female barber.<ref name=twitaward/> A protest led by [[Kagganapalli Radha Devi]] overturned the objections and temple agreed to appoint women barbers. Devi was recognised by Andhra Pradesh in 2017 and with an award of the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] by the President of India in 2019.<ref name=twitaward>{{Cite tweet|user=MinistryWCD|date=8 March 2019|title=Ms. Kagganapalli Radha Devi - #NariShakti Puraskar 2018 Awardee in Individual category|number=1104006969143132160|access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref>

===Hundi (donation pot)===
As per legend, it is believed that Srinivasa had to make arrangements for his wedding. [[Kubera]] credited money to Venkateswara (a form of the god Vishnu) for his marriage with Padmavathi. Srinivasa sought a loan of one crore and 1.14 crore (1,14,00,000) coins of gold from Kubera and had [[Vishvakarma]], the divine architect, create heavenly surroundings in the Seshadri hills. Together, Srinivasa and Padmavathi lived for all eternity while Goddess Lakshmi, understanding the commitments of Vishnu, chose to live in his heart forever.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} In remembrance of this, devotees go to Tirupati to donate money in Venkateswara's hundi (donation pot) so that he can pay it back to Kubera. The hundi collections go as high as ₹22.5 million a day.<ref name="ndtv" /><ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |date=12 February 2011 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-12/india/28543646_1_ttd-famous-lord-venkateswara-temple-idle-gold| title=TTD again deposits 1,175 KG gold with SBI |access-date=13 September 2007 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105194711/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-12/india/28543646_1_ttd-famous-lord-venkateswara-temple-idle-gold |archive-date=5 November 2012}}</ref>

===Thulabaram===
In the Thulabaram ritual, a devotee sits on a pan of a [[Weighing scale|weighing balance]] and the other pan is filled with materials greater than the weight of the devotee. Devotees usually offer sugar, jaggery, tulsi leaves, banana, gold, coins. This is mostly performed with newborn babies or children.<ref name=thulabharam>{{cite book | title = My Amazing Life: Journey through Success| publisher = Partridge Publishing Singapore | year = 2013 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=rTVABAAAQBAJ&q=thulabharam+at+tirumala&pg=PT296| isbn = 9781482894905 }}</ref>

==Festivals==
[[File:TirumalaFunction.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Elephants marching during a festival at Tirumala]]
In the Venkateswara Temple over 433 festivals are being observed in 365 days of a year suiting the title "Nitya Kalyanam Paccha Toranam" where every day is a festival.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tirumala- The Paradise of Festivals|url=http://news.tirumala.org/tirumala-the-paradise-of-festivals/|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320043600/http://news.tirumala.org/tirumala-the-paradise-of-festivals/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Sri Venkateshwara Brahmotsavams ===
[[Srivari Brahmotsavam|Sri Venkateswara Brahmotsavams]], a nine-day event, which is celebrated every year during month of October, is the major event of Venkateswara Temple. During brahmotsavams the processional deity [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]] along with his consorts SriDevi and BhuDevi, is taken in a procession in four mada streets around the temple on different vahanams. Vahanams include Dwajarohanam, Pedda Sesha Vahanam, Chinna Sesha Vahanam, Hamsa Vahanam, Simha Vahanam, Muthaypu pandiri Vahanam, Kalpavriksha Vahanam, Sarva Bhoopala Vahanam, Mohini Avataram, Garuda Vahanam, Hanumantha Vahanam, Swarna Rathotsavam (Golden Chariot), Gajavahanam, Rathotsavam (Chariot), Ashwa Vahanam, and Chakra Snanam. During Brahmotsavams, the temple will witness [[lakh]]s of devotees particularly on Garuda vahanam.

=== Vaikunta Ekadasi ===
[[Vaikunta Ekadasi]], the day on which it is believed that Vaikunta Dwarams will be opened and the most important Vasihnavite festival, is celebrated with grandeur in Tirumala. The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple will be flooded with devotees on a single day with numbers reaching up to 150,000, to have a darshan of [[Venkateswara]] through special entrance which encircles inner sanctum called "Vaikunta Dwaram".<ref>{{cite news|title=Pilgrims throng Tirumala |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tirumala-reels-under-pilgrim-rush/article6742380.ece|access-date=21 June 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=January 2015|last1=Shukla|first1=G. P.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pilgrims throng Tirumala |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/450956/15-lakh-converge-tirumala-vaikuntha.html|publisher=Deccan Herald|access-date=21 June 2015|date=January 2015}}</ref>

=== Rathasapthami ===
[[Ratha Saptami#In Tirumala|Rathasapthami]] is another festival, celebrated during February, when Venkateswara's processional deity ([[Malayappa swami|Malayappa]]) is taken in a procession around the temple on seven different [[vahana]]ms starting from early morning to late night.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.geocities.com/suman_malepati/rathasaptami.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091027133227/http://www.geocities.com/suman_malepati/rathasaptami.html | archive-date = 27 October 2009 | title = Rathasapthami photos}}</ref>

Other annual festivals include [[Rama Navami]], [[Janmashtami]], [[Ugadi]], Teppotsavam (Float Festival), Sri Padmavati Parinayotsavams, Pushpa yagam, Pushpa pallaki, Vasanthotsavam (spring festival) conducted in March–April, were celebrated with great splendor.

==Songs and hymns==
[[Suprabhatam#Venkateswara Suprabhatam|Venkateswara Suprabhatam]] is the first and pre-dawn seva performed to [[Venkateswara]] at Sayana Mandapam inside sanctum sanctorum of Tirumala Temple. 'Suprabhatam' is a Sanskrit term which literally means 'Good Morning' and is meant to wake up the deity from His celestial sleep.<ref name=suprabhatham>{{cite book |last=V.K. |first=Subramanian |title=Sacred Songs of India, Volume 10 |publisher=Abhinav publications |page=59 |isbn=81-7017-444-9|year=1996 }}</ref><ref name=song>{{cite web|url = http://www.tirumala.org/Suprabhatam.aspx|publisher = Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|title = Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Suprabhatam|access-date = 29 July 2015|archive-date = 8 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151008082754/http://www.tirumala.org/Suprabhatam.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref> Venkateswara Suprabhatam hymns were composed by [[Prathivadhi Bhayankaram Annangaracharya]] during the 13th century and consists of 70 slokas in four parts including Suprabhatam(29), Stotram(11), Prapatti(14) and Mangalasasanam(16).<ref name=song/><ref name=suprabhatham /> The thirteenth sloka of Venkateswara Suprabhatam is as follows:<ref name=suprabhatham />
<blockquote>
{{Col-begin|width=100%}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Devanagari]] 
श्रीमन्नभीष्ट-वरदाखिललोक-बन्धो 
श्रीश्रीनिवास-जगदेकदयैकसिन्धो । 
श्रीदेवतागृहभुजान्तर-दिव्यमूर्ते 
श्रीवेङ्कटाचलपते तव सुप्रभातम् ॥ 
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Telugu script]] 
శ్రీమన్నాభీష్ట -వరదఖిలలోక -బంధో 
శ్రీ శ్రీనివాస-జగదేకదయైకసింధో | 
శ్రీదేవతాగృహభుజాన్తర-దివ్యమూర్తే 
శ్రీవెంకటాచలపతే తవ సుప్రభాతం|| 
</div>

{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[IAST]] 
śrīmannabhīṣṭa-varadākhilaloka-bandho 
śrīśrīnivāsa-jagadekadayaikasindho । 
śrīdevatāgṛhabhujāntara-divyamūrte 
śrīveṅkaṭācalapate tava suprabhātam ॥ 
</div>
{{col-end}}
{{Cquote|One with Lakshmi! One who grants boons! Friend of all the worlds! Abode of Sri Lakshmi! The matchless ocean of compassion! One having a charming form on account of the chest which is the abode of Sri Lakshmi! Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. ॥ 13 ॥}}
</blockquote>
[[Annamacharya|Tallapaka Annamacharya]] (Annamayya), the poet saint<ref name=annam1>{{cite book | title =Poet Saints of India| publisher = Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd | year = 1996 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvlDsnEgRoC&q=annamacharya&pg=PA145| isbn = 9788120718838 }}</ref> of the 14th century, one of the greatest Telugu poets and a great devotee of Venkateswara, had sung 32,000 songs in praise of Venkateswara.<ref name=annam3>{{cite book | title = 101 Mystics of India| publisher = Abhinav Publications | year = 2006 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=KPPWvkKXwCwC&q=annamacharya&pg=PA97| isbn = 9788170174714 }}</ref><ref name=annam1 /> All his songs which are in Telugu and Sanskrit, are referred to as Sankirtanas and are classified as Sringara Sankirtanalu and Adhyatma Sankirtanalu.<ref name=annam1 />

==The Seven Hills==
The temple is located on seven hills.<ref name=svutsav1>{{cite book|title=Srivari Brahmotsavam|publisher=The Hindu |year=1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXZMAgAAQBAJ&q=tirupati+brahmotsavams+the+hindu&pg=PA26}}</ref> The presiding deity is also referred to as Sapthagirisha<ref name=svutsav1 /> or Lord of Seven hills.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India, Volume 2|publisher=Kalpaz publications|year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxtnsT8CdZ4C&q=tirumala+seven+hills&pg=PA45|isbn=9788178350189}}</ref> It is believed that seven hills, also referred to as Saptagiri, represent the seven hoods of Adisesha. The seven hills are as follows:<ref name=svutsav1 />

[[File:Thirumala Hanuman.jpg|thumb|right|A statue of [[Hanuman]] in prayer pose near Alipiri gate in Tirumala]]
*Vrushabhadri—Hill of [[Vrishabasura]], who was killed by Srinivasa
*Anjanadri—Hill of [[Hanuman]].
*Neeladri—Hill of [[Niladevi|Neela Devi]]
*Garudadri or Garudachalam—Hill of [[Garuda]], the vahana of Vishnu
*Seshadri or Seshachalam—Hill of [[Sesha]], the [[dasa]] of Vishnu
*Narayanadri—Hill of Narayana. Srivari Padalu (footprints of Venkateswara) are located here
*[[Venkata (hill)|Venkatadri]]—Hill of Venkateswara

==Subshrines==
{{more citations needed|section|date=March 2023}}

===Varadaraja Temple===

There is a small shrine dedicated to Varadaraja located in Vimana-pradakshinam, towards left of Vendivakili (silver entrance) while entering temple.<ref name=varada1>{{cite book|title=Growth and development of Tirumala-Tirupati as a dimension of Indian civilization|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Dept. of Culture, Govt. of India|url=https://archive.org/details/growthdevelopmen00naid|quote=Varadaraja.|access-date=24 September 2019|last1=Naidu|first1=Thalapaneni Subramanyam|year = 1990}}</ref> It is not known when this deity was installed. The stone deity<ref name=varada1 /> is sitting posture facing west.

===Yoga Narasimha Temple===

A shrine is dedicated to Narasimha in North-east corner of the Vimana-Pradakshina.<ref name=yoga1>{{cite book|title=Growth and development of Tirumala-Tirupati as a dimension of Indian civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_fi1AAAAIAAJ&q=yoga+narasimha|access-date=24 September 2019|last1 = Naidu|first1 = Thalapaneni Subramanyam|year = 1990}}</ref> {{Citation needed span|text=The shrine is said to have been built between 1330 A.D. – 1360 A.D.|date=December 2020}} The Yoga-Narasimha is seen sitting in cross-legged posture bound by yoga patta and holding Shankha and chakra in upper two hands and two lower hands in yoga mudra.<ref name=yoga1 />

===Garuthmantha Temple===

A small shrine dedicated to Garuda the vehicle of Venkateswara is situated exactly opposite to the Bangaruvakili (Golden Entrance) of [[Jaya-Vijaya]]. This sub-shrine is part of Garudamandapam. The Garuthmantha deity is six feet tall and faces west looking towards Venkateswara inside Garbhagriha.

===Bhuvaraha Swamy Temple===

[[Varahaswamy Temple, Tirumala|Bhuvaraha Swamy Temple]] is the temple dedicated to Varaha an incarnation of Vishnu. This temple is believed to be older than Venkateswara Temple. The temple lies on the Northern Banks of Swami Pushkarini. As per tradition, at first [[Naivedya]]m will be offered to Bhuvaraha Swamy before offering it to Venkateswara in main Temple. And also as per tradition, devotees should have the darshan of Bhuvaraha swamy before Venkateswara.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2016 |title='Varaha jayanti' today |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ |access-date=9 July 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Bedi-Anjaneya Temple===

Bedi-Anjaneya Temple is the sub-shrine dedicated to [[Hanuman]]. The temple lies exactly opposite to the Mahadwaram near Akhilandam (place where coconuts are offered). The deity in this temple has both of his hands handcuffed ([[Telugu Language]]:Bedilu).

===Vakulamatha Sannidhi===

[[Vakula Devi|Vakulamatha]] is the mother of Venkateswara. There is statue dedicated to her in the main temple just ahead of Varadaraja shrine. The deity is in sitting posture. As per legend, she supervises the preparation of food that is to be offered to her son. For this reason a hole is made to the wall which separates Vakulamatha sannidhi and Srivari potu(Kitchen).

===Kubera Sannidi===

There is a sub-shrine dedicated to Kubera within the Vimanapradakshina. The deity lies to the right side of Garbhagriha and faces south towards preciding deity.

===Ramanuja Shrine===

The Shrine of [[Ramanuja|Sri Ramanuja]] is located adjacent to the northern corridor of the Vimana Pradakshinam. It is also known as the Bhashyakara Sannidhi. The shrine was built around in the 13th century A.D.

==Notable devotees==

[[Ramanuja]] (1017–1137)<ref name=ramanuja>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=25yC2ePhbXEC&q=Ramanuja+born+year&pg=PA160 |title=Philosophers and Religious Leaders – Google Books |isbn=9781573561525 |access-date=17 June 2013|last1=von Dehsen |first1=Christian D. |last2=Harris |first2=Scott L. |year=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing }}</ref> the most important [[Acharya]] of [[Sri Vaishnavism]].<ref name=ramanuja /> was responsible for managing the worshipping procedures and other affairs of the Venkateswara temple. He is credited for gifting the holy conch and the discus, the weapons of [[Vishnu]] during his visit. So he is considered as 'Acharya'(Guru or teacher) to the himself.<ref>{{cite book|title=Srivari Brahmotsavam: A celestial spectacle on earth|author=Siddharth Varadarajan|publisher=Kasturi and Sons Ltd, 2013|page=68}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Followers of Krishna: Yadavas of India|author=S. D. S. Yadava|publisher=Lancer Publishers, 2006 - Ahirs - 185 pages|page=99}}</ref> He established the Pedda Jeeyar Matam. He has a sannidhi(shrine) inside the temple which was built by Sri AnanthALwAn.

[[File:Annamacharya.jpg|thumb|Statue of Pada-kavita Pitaamaha, [[Annamacharya|Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya]] (or Annamayya) - official songmaster of the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]
[[Annamacharya|Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya]] (or Annamayya) (22 May 1408 – 4 April 1503) was the official songmaster of the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, and a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] composer who composed around 36000 keertanas,<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/s-p-sailaja-keeps-audience-spellbound/article2940784.ece?| title=S. P. Sailaja keeps audience spellbound |newspaper=The Hindu News|date=28 February 2012|access-date=2 March 2013}}</ref> many of which were in praise of Venkateswara, the presiding deity of the temple.

[[Hathiram Bhavaji]] was a saint from [[Ayodhya]] who visited [[Tirumala]] around 1500 CE<ref name="Sri Venkateswara by Shantha">{{cite book|last1=Shantha|first1=Nair|title=Sri Venkateswara: Lord Balaji and his holy abode of Thirupati|date=2013|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|location=Mumbai|isbn=978-81-8495-445-6|page=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CY9eAAAAQBAJ&q=Hathiram+Bhavaji&pg=PT84|access-date=26 September 2016}}</ref> on a pilgrimage and became a devotee of [[Venkateswara]].<ref name="speakingtree">{{cite web|last1=Ramachandra Pai|first1=N. A.|title=Hathiram Baba|url=http://www.speakingtree.in/blog/hathiram-baba|website=speakingtree.in|publisher=Speeking Tree|access-date=26 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="panditbooking">{{cite web|last1=Team|first1=panditbooking|title=The Story of Lord Balaji's favorite devotee Hathiramji Baba and the name of Balaji to the Lord of Tirupati|url=http://spiritual.panditbooking.com/hathiramji-baba/|website=spiritual.panditbooking.com|publisher=Panditbooking|access-date=26 September 2016|archive-date=27 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927044028/http://spiritual.panditbooking.com/hathiramji-baba/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Religious significance==

The temple is considered one of the eight ''Swayambhu Kshetras'' of Vishnu where presiding deity is believed to have manifested on its own. Seven other temples in the line are [[Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple]], [[Bhu Varaha Swamy temple]], and [[Vanamamalai Perumal Temple]] in [[South India]] and [[Muktinath|Saligrama]] in [[Nepal]], [[Naimisaranya]], [[Pushkar]] and [[Badrinath Temple]] in [[North India]].<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Symbolising religious unity|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/symbolising-religious-unity/article3404308.ece|work=The Hindu|last=S.|first=Prabhu|date=10 May 2012|access-date=13 October 2014}}</ref>

The temple is revered by [[Alvars]] in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham|Divya Prabandham]]''. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in these books. The benefits acquired by a pilgrimage to Venkatachala are mentioned in the Rig Veda and Asthadasa Puranas. In these epics, Venkateswara is described as the great bestower of boons. There are several legends associated with the manifestation of the at Tirumala.

==Nearby temples==
{{main|List of Hindu temples in Tirupati}}

There are many ancient temples nearby [[Tirumala]]. [[Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur|Sri Padamavathi Temple]] is temple dedicated to [[Alamelu|Padmavathi]], the wife of [[Venkateswara]], situated at [[Tiruchanur]] which is 5 km from [[Tirupati]]. [[Srikalahasti Temple|Srikalahasteeswara Temple]] is the temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] which represents ''Vayu'' (air) form of elements of Nature, is situated at [[Srikalahasti]] which is 38 km from Tirupati. [[Vinayaka Temple, Kanipakam|Sri Varasiddhi Vinayaka Temple]], situated at [[Kanipakam]] town, is a 10th-century Temple dedicated to [[Vinayaka]] at 75 km from Tirupati. Other than these, temples like Govindaraja Temple, Kalyana Venkateswara Temple(Srinivasa Mangapuram), [[Sri Kodandaramaswami Temple|Kodandarama Temple]], [[Kapila Theertham]] are situated within the Tirupati city.

==See also==
* [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
* [[Tirumala Dhruva Bera]]
* [[List of temples under Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
* [[Balaji Temple, Ketkawla]]
* [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri]]
* [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur]]
* [[Bruce's Code]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=A History of the Holy Shrine of Sri Venkatesa in Tirupati |author=S. Krishnasvami Aiyangar |author-link=S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar |publisher=Ananda Press, Madras |year=1939 |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyoftirupat035504mbp#page/n5/mode/2up }}
* {{cite web|title=Tirumala Temple History|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|url=http://www.tirumala.org/TTDTempleHistory.aspx|ref={{sfnref|Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams}}|access-date=27 August 2015|archive-date=21 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721142906/http://www.tirumala.org/TTDTempleHistory.aspx|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=Sri Bhu Varaha Swamy Temple|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|url=http://www.tirumala.org/Varaha_TempleLegend.aspx|ref={{sfnref|Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams}}|access-date=27 August 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193316/http://www.tirumala.org/Varaha_TempleLegend.aspx|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=Sri Bedi Anjaneya Swamy Temple|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|url=http://www.tirumala.org/Anjaneya_TempleLegend.aspx|ref={{sfnref|Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams}}|access-date=27 August 2015|archive-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724231949/http://www.tirumala.org/Anjaneya_TempleLegend.aspx|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |title=Feminism and World Religions |publisher=SUNY Press |date=1999 |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGxL4YCX4AYC&pg=PA48 |isbn=9780791440230 }}
* {{cite news |last=Neelima |first=P |date=22 September 2009 |title=Gold-coat-to-hide-Tirumala-carvings |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gold-coat-to-hide-Tirumala-carvings/articleshow/5039959.cms }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

* [https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-skanda-purana/d/doc370679.html Veṅkaṭācala-māhātmya, Skanda Purana]
* {{Official website|https://www.tirumala.org/}}

{{Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala}}
{{Vishnu temples}}
{{Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Tirupati topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:3rd-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Tirupati]]
[[Category:Tirumala Venkateswara Temple|*]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
[[Category:Venkateswara temples]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Tirupati]]
[[Category:Divya Desams]]

Rabi' al-Awwal

2026-03-28T11:20:10Z

Teamaksharhospital: added formatting as per guidelines

{{For|the Bangladeshi politician|Rabiul Awal Kiran Khan}}
{{Short description|Third month of the Islamic calendar}}
<noinclude>{{Requested move notice|1=Rabi I|2=Talk:Rabi' al-Awwal#Requested move 28 March 2026}}
</noinclude>{{Infobox month
| image = MiladUnnNabi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = [[Indian Muslims]] with green flags for [[Mawlid]]
| native_name = {{Native name|ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأَوَّل}}
| calendar = [[Islamic calendar]]
| num = 3
| days = 29–30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent)
| season =
| gregorian =
| holidays =
* [[Eid-e-Milad]]
| prev_month = [[Safar]]
| next_month = [[Rabiʽ al-Thani]]
}}
{{IslamicMonths sidebar}}

'''Rabi' al-Awwal''' ({{langx|ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأَوَّل|Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal}}), also known as '''Rabi' al-Ula''' ({{lang|ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأُولَىٰ}}, {{translit|ar|Rabīʿ al-ʾŪlā}}; {{lit|The first Rabi}}) or '''Rabi' I''', is the third month of the [[Islamic calendar]]. The name ''Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal'' means 'the first month' or 'the beginning of [[Spring (season)|spring]]', referring to its position in the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]]n calendar.

==Meaning==
The word "Rabi" means "[[Spring (season)|spring]]" and Al-awwal means "the first" in the [[Arabic language]], so "Rabi' al-awwal" means "the first spring" in [[Arabic]]. The name seems to have to do with the celebratory events in the month, as spring marks the end of winter (a symbol of sadness) and consequently the start of happiness. As the Islamic calendar is a purely [[lunar calendar]], the month naturally rotates over solar years, so Rabīʽ al-awwal can fall in spring or any other season. Therefore, the month cannot be related to the actual season of spring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=6355|title=المنجد في اللغة - المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF|website=waqfeya.net}}</ref>

And it's mentioned in the Arabic lexicons that Arabs add the word "month" to Rabi' al-Awwal, [[Rabi' al-Thani|Rabi' al-Akhir]] and [[Ramadan]] months only, and most of them allow adding the word "month" to the other months too.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ص162 - كتاب لسان العرب - فصل الراء - المكتبة الشاملة |url=https://shamela.ws/book/1687/3545#p1 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=shamela.ws}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=الطّراز الأوّل - ابن معصوم المدني - مکتبة مدرسة الفقاهة |url=https://ar.lib.eshia.ir/27776/8/215/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=ar.lib.eshia.ir |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ص363 - كتاب تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس - رمض - المكتبة الشاملة |url=https://shamela.ws/book/7030/9685#p1 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=shamela.ws}}</ref>

== Mawlid ==
{{excerpt|Mawlid}}

==Timing==
The [[Islamic calendar]] is a purely [[lunar calendar]], and months begin when the first crescent of a [[new moon]] is sighted. Since the Islamic [[lunar year]] is 11 to 12 days shorter than the [[solar year]], Rabī‘ al-Awwal migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Rabī‘ al-Awwal are as follows (based on the [[Islamic calendar#Saudi Arabia's Umm al-Qura calendar|Umm al-Qura]] calendar of Saudi Arabia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|website=webspace.science.uu.nl}}</ref>):

{|class=wikitable style="text-align:right"
|+Rabī' al-Awwal dates between 2024 and 2028
|-
!scope="col"|[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]
!scope="col"|First day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|Last day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|[[Mawlid]] date ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
|-
!scope="row"|1446
|{{0}}4 September 2024
|{{0}}3 October 2024
|15 September 2024
|-
!scope="row"|1447
|24 August 2025
|22 September 2025
|{{0}}4 September 2025
|-
!scope="row"|1448
|14 August 2026
|11 September 2026
|25 August 2026
|-
!scope="row"|1449
|{{0}}3 August 2027
|{{0}}1 September 2027
|14 August 2027
|-
!scope="row"|1450
|23 July 2028
|21 August 2028
|{{0}}3 August 2028
|}

==Islamic events==
[[File:Mohamad shrine 9 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Masjid al-Quba]], the first mosque, was built in this month.]]
* 01 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 897 AH, the fall of the [[Emirate of Granada]], the final Muslim kingdom of [[al-Andalus]]
* 08 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, death of Imam Hassan Al-Askari [[Twelvers|Twelver Imām]], [[Hasan al-Askari|Hasan al-‘Askarī]] (''see: [[Chup Tazia]]'')
* 09 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Eid e shuja]]
* 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, Sunni Muslims observe [[Mawlid]] in commemoration of [[Muhammad]]'s birthday
* 13 Rabi‘ al-Awwal, Death of [[Rubab bint Imra al-Qais|Umm Rubab]] (beloved wife of Imam Hussain)
* 17 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Shia]] celebrate the birthday of the [[Imām]] [[Ja'far al-Sadiq|Ja‘far al-Sādiq]].
* 18 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, birth of [[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]
* 26 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 1333 AH, death of [[Khwaja Sirajuddin Naqshbandi]], a [[Naqshbandi]] Sufi shaykh

Other events:

* The [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]] (migration) took place in this month
* Eid-e-Zahra (a.k.a. [[Eid e shuja]]), a celebration of [[Shia|Shi‘ah Muslims]]
* Marriage of [[Muhammad]] to [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]
* Building of the [[Quba Mosque]] (first mosque in Islam)
* The week including 12th and 17th is called [[Mawlid#Islamic Unity Week|Islamic Unity Week]] in [[Iran]] to address both Sunni and Shia views on the birth date of [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini">{{cite book|last1=Iranian Revolutionary Guards|first1=Institute of Islamic Studies|title=Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini|publisher=Islamic research center|location=Tehran|page=176|url=http://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/5788}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ramadanbuzz.com/eid-milad-un-nabi-quotes-wishes-images-greeting-and-status/ 12 Rabi Ul Awwal]
* [https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_tabcal.htm Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (Based on the Arithmetical or Tabular Calendar)]

{{IslamicMonths}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabi' Al-Awwal}}
[[Category:Months of the Islamic calendar|3]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]

[[kk:Рабииғул әууәл]]
[[sv:Rabi' al-Awwal]]

Sanjay Gagnani

2026-03-25T06:25:37Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting a info from scratch!

{{short description|Indian television and film actor (born 1988)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sanjay Gagnani
| image =
| caption = Gagnani in 2025
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2010–present
| spouse(s) = {{marriage|Poonam Preet Bhatia|2021}}
| parents =
}}

'''Sanjay Gagnani''' is an Indian television and film [[actor]] who predominantly works in Hindi-language television shows.

==Career==
Gagnani has done many roles in Hindi television shows like ''[[Bairi Piya]]'' (2010), ''[[Hamari Devrani]]'' (2012), ''[[Encounter (Indian TV series)|Encounter]]'' (2014), ''[[Veera (TV series)|Veera]]'' (2015), ''Pyaar Ka The End'' (2013), ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]'' (2017), ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'' (2014), ''[[Savdhaan India]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Savdhaan-India-India-Fights-back-Sanjay-Gagnani-Muskaan-Mihani-in-Savdhaan-India/articleshow/33597600.cms?|title=Sanjay Gagnani & Muskaan Mihani in Savdhaan India|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 April 2014|accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref> and ''Halla Bol'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4496574/fullcredits/ |title=Halla Bol (TV Mini Series 2014– ) - Full cast & crew - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-23 |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>

==Personal life==
On 28 November 2021, Gagnani tied the knot with Indian model and actress, Poonam Preet Bhatia in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Kundali Bhagya Sanjay Gagnani Looks Radiant With Fiance Poonam Preet As They Dress Up For Their Haldi Ceremony|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/tv-news-kundali-bhagya-sanjay-gagnani-looks-radiant-fiance-poonam-preet-they-dress-up-for-haldi-ceremony-5113750/|access-date=2021-11-28|website=www.india.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-28|title=Kundali Bhagya actor Sanjay Gagnani and Poonam Preet tie the knot; glittery pics from wedding, sangeet night and more|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kundali-bhagya-actor-sanjay-gagnani-and-poonam-preet-tie-the-knot-glittery-pics-from-wedding-sangeet-night-and-more/photostory/87964294.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
| ''[[Rakhtbeej]]''
|
|Negative lead
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/Rakhtbeej/articleshow/12469359.cms|title=Rakhtbeej|newspaper=The Times of India|date=30 May 2012|accessdate=18 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Heroine (2012 film)|Heroine]]''
| As film star
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-21|title=Sanjay Gagnani: 'No human being can be a do-gooder always…'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/no-human-being-can-be-a-do-gooder-always/story-CaVHW5DfBbTWSuPZOCw6DM.html|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Bairi Piya (TV series)|Bairi Piya]]''
|
|
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-07|title=Sanjay Gagnani: Biography - Zee5 News|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/sanjay-gagnani-biography|access-date=2021-11-28|website=ZEE5|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
| ''[[Hamari Devrani]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Hamari Saas Leela''
|
|
|
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-07|title='Veera' actor Sanjay Gagnani on 'Savdhaan India'|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/-Veera--actor-Sanjay-Gagnani-on--Savdhaan-India--15661195|access-date=2021-11-28|website=www.mid-day.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
|''[[Savdhaan India]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sanjay Gagnani & Muskaan Mihani in Savdhaan India - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/savdhaan-india-india-fights-back-sanjay-gagnani-muskaan-mihani-in-savdhaan-india/articleshow/33597600.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|date=11 April 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''Pyaar Ka The End''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-21|title='No human being can be a do-gooder always…'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/no-human-being-can-be-a-do-gooder-always/story-CaVHW5DfBbTWSuPZOCw6DM.html|access-date=2021-11-28|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014
| ''Halla Bol''
|
|
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-07|title=Sanjay Gagnani: Biography - Zee5 News|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/sanjay-gagnani-biography|access-date=2021-11-28|website=ZEE5|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Encounter (Indian TV series)|Encounter]]''
| Inspector Farid Khan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Not inspired by any Bollywood cop: Sanjay R Gagnani - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/not-inspired-by-any-bollywood-cop-sanjay-r-gagnani/articleshow/36480211.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|date=13 June 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
|''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]''
|
|Season 6
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016–2017
| ''[[Ek Rishta Saajhedari Ka]]''
| Vaibhav Mittal
|
|
|-
| ''[[Savdhaan India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[C.I.D. (India TV series)|C.I.D.]]''
| Rocky/Rohit
|
|
|-
| 2017–2023
|''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
| rowspan="2" | Prithvi Malhotra
|Negative lead
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kundali Bhagya actor Sanjay Gagnani on his reel role: Prithvi is the most loved villain of Indian television - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kundali-bhagya-actor-sanjay-gagnani-on-his-reel-role-prithvi-is-the-most-loved-villain-of-indian-television/articleshow/81173984.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|date=23 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| Guest appearance
|
|-
| 2020
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 4]]''
| Prateek
| Cameo
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sanjay Gagnani joins 'Naagin 4' as a surprise package - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sanjay-gagnani-joins-naagin-4-as-a-surprise-package/articleshow/74136416.cms|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Times of India|date=14 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
|''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6]]''
| Mahasapera (Snake charmer)
| Cameo
|
|}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Award
!Work
!Ref.
|-
|2019
|[[Gold Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Negative Role
|''[[Kundali Bhagya]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold Awards 2019: Sanjay Gagnani Wins Best Actor In A Negative Role For Kundali Bhagya - Zee5 News|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/gold-awards-2019-sanjay-gagnani-wins-best-actor-in-a-negative-role-for-kundali-bhagya|access-date=2021-11-28|website=ZEE5|date=12 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sanjay Gagnani}}
*{{IMDb name|id=5415954}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gagnani, Sanjay}}
[[Category:Sindhi male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

Khazanchi (1941 film)

2026-03-25T01:53:01Z

Teamaksharhospital: minor cleanup

{{short description|1941 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Khazanchi
| image = Khazanchi 1941 poster.jpg
| alt = Poster
| caption = Poster
| director = Moti B. Gidwani
| producer = D. M. Pancholi
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| narrator =
| starring = M. Esmail S. D. Narang [[Ramola Devi]] Durga Mota Manorma Ajmal Khairati [[Jankidas]] [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] [[Madan Puri]]
| music = [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]
| cinematography = Badri Das
| editing = Shaukat Hussain Rizvi
| studio = Pancholi Art Pictures Pancholi Productions, [[Lahore]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1941}}
| runtime = 171 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| gross =
}}
[[File:Khazanchi (1941).webm|thumb|x220px|''Khazanchi'']]

'''''Khazanchi''''' ({{translation|Cashier}}) is a 1941 Indian [[Mystery film|mystery thriller]] film directed by Moti B. Gidwani and starring M. Ismail, S. D. Narang, [[Ramola Devi (actress)|Ramola Devi]], Manorama and Durga Mota in lead roles.<ref name="boi">{{cite web | url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=146&catName=MTk1MQ== |title=Box Office 1941 - Top Earners |website=BoxOfficeIndia.com | access-date=18 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421002538/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=146&catName=MTk1MQ== | archive-date=21 April 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> M. Ismail played the title role of a cashier. It was the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]] at the time of its release and the highest-grossing Indian film of 1941.<ref name="us">{{cite web | url= https://upperstall.com/profile/ghulam-haider/ | title=Ghulam Haider (profile) | website=Upperstall.com | date=16 April 2023 | access-date=4 May 2024|archive-date=5 December 2023|author=Karan Bali|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205154337/https://upperstall.com/profile/ghulam-haider/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was remade in Tamil as ''[[Moondru Pillaigal]]'' (1952).<ref name="TheHindu">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Moondru-Pillaigal-1952/article15529076.ece|title=Moondru Pillaigal 1952 (based on Khazanchi (1941 film))|first=Randor|last=Guy|date=22 January 2011|access-date=4 May 2024|newspaper=The Hindu newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316142821/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Moondru-Pillaigal-1952/article15529076.ece |archive-date=16 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Actress [[Munawar Sultana]], who became a popular actress of Hindi cinema in 1940s and early 1950s, made her earliest appearance in the film, in the song "Peene Ke Din Aaye Piye Jaa". The film also made [[Shalwar kameez]] very popular amongst Indian women.

== Synopsis ==
''Khazanchi'' is a [[murder mystery]]. Shadi Lal is a 'khazanchi' ([[cashier]]) in a bank in [[Lahore]]. His son Kanwal wants to marry Madhuri, the daughter of a rich man, Durga Das.

[[File:Ramola in Khazanchi (1941).jpg|thumb|200px|alt=Ramola as Madhuri|Ramola Devi as Madhuri]]

A wicked wealthy, Ajmal, also wants to marry Madhuri. One day, Shadi Lal goes to [[Bombay]] for some bank work and the news comes from the city that Shadi Lal has murdered an actress and stolen her jewellery and money.

A clever woman, Tarawati, tricked Shadi Lal in a [[Nightclub|night club]] and stole his money, but her two accomplice men murdered her while snatching the money from her and when intoxicated Shadi Lal wakes up, he finds himself with her dead body and his money stolen. Seeing this, he runs away and on the next day, the newspaper headlines say: "Khazanchi Killed Actress". He spends some very bad days of his life during this period.

Later, he gets caught and his son, Kanwal (an advocate now), fought the case from his side. Meanwhile, the newspaper reporter stumbles upon important facts regarding the [[Actor|stage actress]]' murder and gets kidnapped by the villain, but manages to escape and reaches the court, revealing the truth. Thus Shadi Lal gets acquitted.

== Cast ==

* [[Ramola Devi]] as Madhuri<ref name=TheHindu/>
* S. D. Narang as Kanwal<ref name=TheHindu/>
* M. Esmail as Shadilal
* [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorma]] as Asha, Shadi Lal's daughter and Kanwal's sister<ref name=TheHindu/>
* [[Madan Puri]] as Kanwal's friend
* [[Jankidas|Janki Dass M.A.]] as Ram Das
* [[Mamluk|Ajmal]] as Ramesh
* Durga Mota as Durga Das
* Khairati as Maddan, Durga's [[Domestic worker|house servant]]
* Nafees
* Kamla
* Fazal Shah
* Dev Datt
* [[Munawar Sultana]] in the song " "Peene Ke Din Aaye Piye Jaa" " (credited as Asha)

== Music ==
The music director [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]] made an experiment by combining popular [[Raga|Raags]] of Indian classical music with [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi folk music]]<ref name=us /> and revolutionalized<ref name="wp">{{cite web | url=http://indianbaja.wordpress.com/2010/06/19/vintage-film-khazanchi-1941/ | title=Vintage film : Khazanchi (1941) |website=IndianBaja.com website| date=19 June 2010 | access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref> the film music industry. The film songs were hits. The playback includes [[Shamshad Begum]] and [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/khazanchi.htm|title=Khazanchi : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Khazanchi (1941)|website=HindiGeetMala.net|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song title !! Singer
|-
| "Diwali Phir Aa Gayi Sajni"<ref name=TheHindu/> || rowspan="4" | [[Shamshad Begum]]
|-
| "Laut Gayi Papan"<ref name=TheHindu/>
|-
| "Mohe Bhabhi La Do Bhaiyya"
|-
| "Mori Chudiya Aayegi Aali"
|-
| "Naino Ke Baan Ki Reet Anokhi" || Shamshad Begum, [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]
|-
| "Pine Ke Din Aaye Piye Ja" || rowspan="3" | Shamshad Begum
|-
| "Sawan Ke Najare Hain"<ref name=TheHindu/>
|-
| "Man Dhire Dhire Rona"
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0214846}}
* [https://indiancine.ma/DHZ/info Khazanchi (1941)] on indiancine.ma

[[Category:1941 films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1941 mystery films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ghulam Haider]]
[[Category:Indian murder mystery films]]
[[Category:Films set in Lahore]]
[[Category:Films about banking]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films about theft]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Films about disinformation]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery drama films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Lahore]]
[[Category:Films about businesspeople]]
[[Category:Films about lawyers]]
[[Category:Films about actors]]
[[Category:Films set in nightclubs]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:1940s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Urdu films remade in other languages]]

Maaran (2022 film)

2026-03-22T21:48:40Z

Teamaksharhospital: Stub

{{Short description|2022 Indian action thriller film}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Maaran 2022 poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = [[Karthick Naren]]
| producer = Sendhil Thyagarajan Arjun Thyagarajan
| story = Karthick Naren
| screenplay = Karthick Naren [[Suhas-Sharfu]] [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| starring = [[Dhanush]] [[Smruthi Venkat]] [[Malavika Mohanan]]
| cinematography = Vivekanand Santhosham
| editing = [[Prasanna GK|Prasanna G. K.]]
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| studio = [[Sathya Jyothi Films]]
| distributor = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|03|11}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Maaran''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Political fiction|political]] [[action thriller film]] written and directed by [[Karthick Naren]], with the screenplay and dialogues were co-written by [[Suhas-Sharfu]] and [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]. Produced by [[T. G. Thyagarajan]], Sendhil Thyagarajan and Arjun Thyagarajan of [[Sathya Jyothi Films]], the film stars [[Dhanush]], [[Smruthi Venkat]] and [[Malavika Mohanan]], with [[Samuthirakani]], [[Ramki]], [[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]] and [[Krishnakumar Balasubramanian]] appearing in supporting roles. The music is composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], with cinematography handled by Vivekanand Santhosham and editing handled by [[Prasanna GK|Prasanna G. K.]]

''Maaran'' released directly for streaming on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 11 March 2022. The film received mostly negative reviews from critics and audience, with criticism directed towards the screenplay, plot, writing and direction but Dhanush's performance, cinematography, music and background score received some praise.


== Plot ==
In 2000, Sathyamoorthy was an honest, disquisitive reporter who broke a story about an influential individual at a school. He tells his son, Mathimaaran, that while honesty is a virtue, cleverness is also needed to keep him and his family safe while he pursues the truth. A group of thugs hack and kill Sathyamoorthy for his activities, and shortly after, his wife dies in a hospital after giving birth to a baby girl named Shwetha. Their maternal uncle takes Maaran and Shweta in, though Maaran takes responsibility for raising his sister and becomes a surrogate parent.

Years later, Maaran is an honest [[investigative journalism|investigative journalist]] who follows in his father, Sathyamoorthy's footsteps, being genuine and wise in his profession. He butts heads with senior editor Aravindan over his uncompromising principles. Though the managing director, Kesavan, who had been Sathyamoorthy's acquaintance, supports Maaran, he also cautions Maaran to be careful. One day, Maaran's friend, police inspector Arjun, contacts Maaran, who asks him to investigate the activities of prominent politician Pazhani. Maaran and his colleagues expose Pazhani's plan to rig an upcoming election by changing the [[Voting machine|EVM machines]]. Shortly, thugs attack Maaran, his colleague and love interest, Thara, and Shweta. They are searching for Maaran's evidence against Pazhani, but he defeats them. Shweta and Maaran's uncle worry about his safety, but Maaran dismisses their concerns.

Soon after, Maaran receives a video of his sister, terrified and tied to a chair, and then gets coordinates for an abandoned building. When he arrives, he finds the chair and his sister burning. Shocked and traumatised, Maaran falls into depression until Thara urges him to take revenge for Shweta's death. Maaran reads his sister's autopsy report and visits her boyfriend, who reveals that he had been with Shweta when someone abducted her. His description of the attacker and his car leads Maaran to suspect Pazhani, but Arjun refuses to investigate as the evidence is circumstantial. Maaran and his uncle fake the kidnapping of another girl and plant evidence against Pazhani to instigate the police to search his home.

Pazhani confronts Maaran during the search and tells him that he only wants Maaran's evidence from the EVM case and is not responsible for Shweta's death. Maaran realises that there was a different person involved with the EVM scheme. So Maaran investigates further and finds a link to Parthiban. Arjun, having discovered that Maaran had faked the kidnapping that led to Pazhani, refuses to listen to Maaran's conjecture. Parthiban lures Maaran to an empty building and attacks him. Maaran reveals that he knows that Shwetha is still alive. Shwetha had had a steel plate inserted into her right arm following a childhood surgery, but the corpse they set alight showed no signs of such a plate on the autopsy report. Parthiban reveals that Pazhani's aide entrusted him to switch out the fake EVM machines with the authentic machines.

After Maaran's story broke, his daughter found out about his involvement in the EVM machine scheme and confronted him. When Parthiban tells her he only committed misdeeds to fund her education, his daughter commits suicide by setting herself alight. Parthiban informs Maaran that he will only release Shweta if Maaran compromises his unrelenting honesty and claims he faked the EVM story. Maaran agrees, but before he can do so, Pazhani and his henchmen arrive and shoots Parthiban to clean up the loose ends on the EVM case. Maaran narrowly stops Pazhani from killing Parthiban. When Arjun and his police officers arrive, Maaran remembers his father's advice and claims that Pazhani had kidnapped Shweta and that Parthiban had been helping him find her. The police arrest Pazhani. Parthiban reveals Shweta's location. Maaran removes the sacks and goes underground to see Shwetha alive but blinded. With Parthiban's testimony, the law charges Pazhani with the EVM scheme and the attempted murder of Parthiban. Meanwhile, Maaran and Shweta share an emotional reunion, supported by Maaran's colleagues.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Dhanush]] as Mathimaaran Sathyamoorthy<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhanush and Samuthirakani's character from 'Maaran' revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-and-samuthirakanis-character-from-maaran-revealed/articleshow/88591069.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141716/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-and-samuthirakanis-character-from-maaran-revealed/articleshow/88591069.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Smruthi Venkat]] as Shwetha (Chittu), Mathimaaran's sister and Sathyamoorthy's daughter
* [[Malavika Mohanan]] as Thara, Mathimaaran's love interest ([[Voice-over|Voiceover]] by [[M. M. Manasi]])
* [[Samuthirakani]] as Pazhani, a politician
* [[Ramki]] as Sathyamoorthy, Mathimaaran and Shwetha's father<ref name="Ramki" />
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Kesavan, News Channel MD
*[[Aadukalam Naren]] as Mathimaaran and Shwetha's maternal uncle
*[[Krishnakumar Balasubramanian]] as Inspector Arjun, Maaran's friend
*[[Mime Gopi]] as Selvaraj
*[[Bose Venkat]] as Pazhani's Assistant
*[[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]] as Police officer Bharath
*[[Ameer (director)|Ameer]] as Parthiban
*[[R. V. Udayakumar]] as Mathimaran
*[[Ilavarasu]] as Aravindhan, Senior editor in the News channel
*[[Jeeva Ravi]] as Ravi
*Jeevitha as Amudha, Mathimaaran and Shwetha's mother
* Prashanth Rangaswamy as Mathimaaran's colleague
*Master Shakthi as young Maaran
*Dhiya Ashwin as young shwetha
*Praveen as Shwetha's boyfriend
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In February 2020, [[Sathya Jyothi Films]] announced a project with [[Dhanush]], with the tentative title ''#D43'' (the actor's 43rd film in leading role).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2020 |title=Karthick Naren to direct Dhanush's next |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/karthick-naren-to-direct-dhanush-next-d43-6250480/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/karthick-naren-to-direct-dhanush-next-d43-6250480/ |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2020 |title=Dhanush to team up with director Karthick Naren |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-team-director-karthick-naren-117543 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141709/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-team-director-karthick-naren-117543 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> [[Karthick Naren]] was hired to direct, and [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] was announced as the composer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2020 |title=Dhanush's next will be with Karthick Naren |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-next-will-be-with-karthick-naren/articleshow/73891142.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140207/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-next-will-be-with-karthick-naren/articleshow/73891142.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film marked Dhanush's third project with the production company after ''[[Thodari]]'' (2016) and ''[[Pattas]]'' (2020).<ref name=":0_UGv2N" /> Arjun Thyagarajan, one of the producers, stated, "We were working with Dhanush on another film that was being directed by Ramkumar. But it's a big-scale venture and we needed a lot of time for pre-production work. So, we thought we'd do another film with Dhanush in the interim and that's how this movie came about".<ref name=":0_UGv2N" /> Arjun had discussed with several directors for the project, before finalising Karthick Naren as the director. About Karthick Naren's inclusion, he stated: "We've been in talks for six months. Karthick has grown from film to film, and this one will take him to the next level".<ref name=":0_UGv2N" />

In March 2020, the screenwriter duo Suhas–Sharfu who worked in [[Malayalam]] films: ''[[Varathan]]'' (2018) and ''[[Virus (2019 film)|Virus]]'' (2019),<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=Dhanush's next film to be scripted by Suhas and Sharfu of Virus fame |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/dhanush-d43-karthick-naren-scripted-by-suhas-and-sharfu-6320296/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/dhanush-d43-karthick-naren-scripted-by-suhas-and-sharfu-6320296/ |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> were brought on board for co-writing screenplay of the film with Karthick Naren.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2020 |title=Varathan scriptwriters to collaborate with Dhanush next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/varathan-scriptwriters-to-collaborate-with-dhanush-next/articleshow/74562424.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140212/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/varathan-scriptwriters-to-collaborate-with-dhanush-next/articleshow/74562424.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=Malayalam writers Sharfu and Suhas on board Dhanush's next film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/malayalam-writers-sharfu-and-suhas-on-board-dhanush-s-next-film/story-YhGu2sONJCq46wLdYeYl5L.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/malayalam-writers-sharfu-and-suhas-on-board-dhanush-s-next-film/story-YhGu2sONJCq46wLdYeYl5L.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Lyricist [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] joined the technical team as the additional screenplay and dialogues writer; thereby making his debut in both the fields.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2021 |title=Lyricist Vivek turns scriptwriter for Dhanush's 'D43' |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2021/01/04153204/1269708/Lyricist-Vivek-turns-scriptwriter-for-Dhanushs-D43.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140206/https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2021/01/04153204/1269708/Lyricist-Vivek-turns-scriptwriter-for-Dhanushs-D43.vpf |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2021 |title=Lyricist Vivek turns dialogue writer with Dhanush's next |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/lyricist-vivek-turns-dialogue-writer-with-dhanushs-next--news-tamil-vbeibXebdbiad.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141714/https://www.sify.com/movies/lyricist-vivek-turns-dialogue-writer-with-dhanushs-next--news-tamil-vbeibXebdbiad.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film was intended to start from May 2020, but the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]] delayed the prospects of the launch. This resulted Karthick Naren to work on the pre-production during the extended period owing to the lockdown.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V. |date=19 November 2020 |title=Malavika Mohanan: They are planning to start the Dhanush film around December |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-we-are-starting-the-dhanush-film-around-december/articleshow/79288834.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140209/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-we-are-starting-the-dhanush-film-around-december/articleshow/79288834.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film's title ''Maaran'' was officially announced with a poster release on 28 July 2021, coinciding with Dhanush's birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Nilanjana |date=28 July 2021 |title=Maaran First Look: Don't Mess With Dhanush Because "His Courage Is His Weapon" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/maaran-first-look-dont-mess-with-dhanush-because-his-courage-is-his-weapon-2496956 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/maaran-first-look-dont-mess-with-dhanush-because-his-courage-is-his-weapon-2496956 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=Dhanush-Karthick Naren's D43 titled Maaran, first look out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/28/dhanush-karthick-narens-d43-titled-maaran-first-look-out-25736.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140206/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/28/dhanush-karthick-narens-d43-titled-maaran-first-look-out-25736.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> An earlier film with the [[Maaran (2002 film)|same title]] was released in 2002, and the makers had to obtain a [[No Objection Certificate|no-objection certificate]] from that film's producer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=29 July 2021 |title=Title of Dhanush's next film has a Sathyaraj connection |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/title-of-dhanushs-next-film-has-a-sathyaraj-connection/articleshow/84848890.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803123257/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/title-of-dhanushs-next-film-has-a-sathyaraj-connection/articleshow/84848890.cms |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'', Naren stated that the film is an action thriller based on the backdrop of journalism, and he made the film due to his personal interest on the subject. His belief on social media being the greatest weapon used by people further motivated to make this film. Naren stated that apart from the social context, the film will also have commercial elements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=காந்தி |first=உ சுதர்சன் |date=30 December 2021 |title=புது ஆயுதம் ஏந்தும் தனுஷ்! - 'மாறன்' ஸ்பெஷல் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/director-karthick-naren-interview-about-maaran-movie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140207/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/director-karthick-naren-interview-about-maaran-movie |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> In March 2022, Vivek had announced that he left the project as a screenplay writer due to creative differences, while had contributed for two songs in the film as lyricist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=Lyricist Vivek Walks Out of Dhanush' Maaran Citing 'Creative Differences' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/lyricist-vivek-walks-outoof-dhanush-maaran-citing-creative-differences-4838549.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310111730/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/lyricist-vivek-walks-outoof-dhanush-maaran-citing-creative-differences-4838549.html |archive-date=10 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
In February 2020, [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] was reported to act in a pivotal role but he denied his inclusion in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2020 |title=Prasanna to star in Dhanush-Karthick Naren film? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/prasanna-in-the-dhanush-karthick-naren-film-6260388/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140211/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/prasanna-in-the-dhanush-karthick-naren-film-6260388/ |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prasanna in Dhanush-Karthick Naren film? |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/prasanna-in-dhanush-karthick-naren-film-news-tamil-uckfeBcddbjdc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://www.sify.com/movies/prasanna-in-dhanush-karthick-naren-film-news-tamil-uckfeBcddbjdc.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> On 31 October 2020, the makers announced that [[Malavika Mohanan]] will play the female lead opposite Dhanush.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2020 |title='D43': Dhanush and Malavika Mohanan in Karthik Naren's next |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/d43-dhanush-and-malavika-mohanan-in-karthik-narens-next/article32990908.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140211/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/d43-dhanush-and-malavika-mohanan-in-karthik-narens-next/article32990908.ece |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2020 |title=Malavika Mohanan joins D43: Excited to be sharing screen space with Dhanush |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/malavika-mohanan-joins-d43-excited-to-be-sharing-screen-space-with-dhanush-6912514/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140206/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/malavika-mohanan-joins-d43-excited-to-be-sharing-screen-space-with-dhanush-6912514/ |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Initially, she was approached by Naren before the pandemic, when the film was about to begin shooting during mid-2020. Mohanan had earlier signed two-three films, including #D43. But as the other projects were shifted to the following year, as these films involved bigger teams, she had dates available for the project.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> Both the lead actors play journalists working for a news channel. About Dhanush's character, Naren stated that "he never played the role of a journalist in his long-time career, and his character will be loved by audience".

[[Smruthi Venkat]] was cast in supporting role, playing Dhanush's sister in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2021 |title=Smruthi Venkat roped in to be part of D43 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jan/07/smruthi-venkat-roped-in-to-be-part-of-d43-22141.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140213/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jan/07/smruthi-venkat-roped-in-to-be-part-of-d43-22141.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cr |first=Sharanya |title=Smruthi Venkat to play Dhanush's sister in Karthick Naren's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/smruthi-venkat-joins-dhanush-karthick-naren-project/articleshow/80137264.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140206/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/smruthi-venkat-joins-dhanush-karthick-naren-project/articleshow/80137264.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Samuthirakani]] was brought on board to the film, where he will be seen in a negative role.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Samuthirakani to be part of Dhanush's D43 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/samuthirakani-to-be-part-of-dhanushs-d43/articleshow/80156271.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/samuthirakani-to-be-part-of-dhanushs-d43/articleshow/80156271.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuthirakani to lock horns with Dhanush in 'Maaran'! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/samuthirakani-to-lock-horns-with-dhanush-in-maaran-news-tamil-vm4eM8agdfjgg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141719/https://www.sify.com/movies/samuthirakani-to-lock-horns-with-dhanush-in-maaran-news-tamil-vm4eM8agdfjgg.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Further additions to the cast were revealed in mid-January 2021, with theatre actor [[Krishnakumar Balasubramanian]], who rose to fame, by playing a supporting role in ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'' (2020), was chosen for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Soorarai Pottru fame Krishna Kumar roped in for Dhanush's #D43 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soorarai-pottru-fame-krishna-kumar-roped-in-for-dhanushs-d43/articleshow/80315657.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141720/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/soorarai-pottru-fame-krishna-kumar-roped-in-for-dhanushs-d43/articleshow/80315657.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In mid-February, actor [[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]] was announced as a part of the cast,<ref>{{Cite web |title='Master' fame Mahendran to play an important role in D43! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/master-fame-mahendran-to-play-an-important-role-in-d43-news-tamil-vcsimrfjbgdhj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141711/https://www.sify.com/movies/master-fame-mahendran-to-play-an-important-role-in-d43-news-tamil-vcsimrfjbgdhj.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Master fame Mahendran joins the cast of Dhanush and Malavika Mohanan's D43 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/master-fame-mahendran-joins-cast-dhanush-and-malavika-mohanans-d43-615906 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141708/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/master-fame-mahendran-joins-cast-dhanush-and-malavika-mohanans-d43-615906 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> along with actors [[Ramki]],<ref name="Ramki">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Maaran trailer out: Dhanush is honest journalist taking on corrupt politician |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/28/maaran-trailer-out-dhanush-is-honest-journalist-taking-on-corrupt-politician-29991.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301045058/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/28/maaran-trailer-out-dhanush-is-honest-journalist-taking-on-corrupt-politician-29991.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> [[Bose Venkat]], [[Aadukalam Naren]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] and [[Ilavarasu]] appear in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Maaran Trailer: Dhanush plays a fierce investigative journalist in this gripping movie; watch |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/maaran-trailer-dhanush-plays-a-fierce-investigative-journalist-in-this-gripping-movie-watch-drb-r80ocv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301045053/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/maaran-trailer-dhanush-plays-a-fierce-investigative-journalist-in-this-gripping-movie-watch-drb-r80ocv |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Asianet News]]}}</ref><ref name="March 11">{{Cite web |date=1 March 2022 |title=Inside the web world: Dhanush-starrer Maaran to release on March 11 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/inside-the-web-world-dhanush-starrer-maaran-to-release-on-march-11-374041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301054107/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/inside-the-web-world-dhanush-starrer-maaran-to-release-on-march-11-374041 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> Director [[Ameer (director)|Ameer]] was further cast in the film, in his second collaboration with Dhanush after ''[[Vada Chennai]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2021 |title=Director Ameer to join hands with Dhanush for this upcoming film? - Suspense Update |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/director-ameer-act-cameo-dhanush-maaran-movie-thiruchitrambalam-latest-update-tamil-news-294567 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://www.indiaglitz.com/director-ameer-act-cameo-dhanush-maaran-movie-thiruchitrambalam-latest-update-tamil-news-294567 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush and Ameer to team up again? |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-and-ameer-to-team-up-again-news-tamil-vjqjowigeeibf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141707/https://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-and-ameer-to-team-up-again-news-tamil-vjqjowigeeibf.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film's crew members include: cinematographer Vivekanand Santhosham, editor [[Prasanna GK|Prasanna G. K.]], art director A. Amaran and action choreographers [[Stunt Silva]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=D43 first look: Dhanush is Maaran in Karthick Naren's next |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/d43-first-look-dhanush-is-maaran-in-karthick-naren-next-7426267/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728064118/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/d43-first-look-dhanush-is-maaran-in-karthick-naren-next-7426267/ |archive-date=28 July 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The film was launched on 8 January 2021, with the [[principal photography]] began the same day.<ref name=":3" /> A song was shot in Chennai, which was choreographed by [[Jani Master]] that took place within 7 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2021 |title=Dhanush begins shooting for Karthick Naren's D43 |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/dhanush-begins-shooting-for-karthick-narens-d43/704589 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141715/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/dhanush-begins-shooting-for-karthick-narens-d43/704589 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]}}</ref> Naren began location scouting for the film, before the shooting began, where he finalised [[Hyderabad]] as the principal location for the film,<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |title=Dhanush to resume shoot for Karthick Naren's film in May |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-to-resume-shoot-for-karthick-narens-film-in-may/articleshow/80737748.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-to-resume-shoot-for-karthick-narens-film-in-may/articleshow/80737748.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> since he demanded a stylish backdrop for the film, and locations such as the [[HITEC City]] had some rich architecture.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> On 17 January, Dhanush and Malavika Mohanan headed to Hyderabad for the important schedule, that is expected to take place for 50 days.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhanush and team 'D 43' head to Hyderabad for the film's important schedule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-and-team-d-43-head-to-hyderabad-for-the-films-important-schedule/articleshow/80447107.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141719/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-and-team-d-43-head-to-hyderabad-for-the-films-important-schedule/articleshow/80447107.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The team shot for 30 days in several locations across the city. By early-February 2021, the first schedule of the film was completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Dhanush wraps up first schedule of Karthick Naren's D43; To join the sets of his Hollywood film The Gray Man? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/dhanush-wraps-first-schedule-karthick-naren-s-d43-join-sets-his-hollywood-film-gray-man-609391 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141711/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/dhanush-wraps-first-schedule-karthick-naren-s-d43-join-sets-his-hollywood-film-gray-man-609391 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> The second schedule of the film began during mid-February and early-March, where several sequences featuring the supporting actors have been canned, excluding Dhanush's portions, as the actor went to [[United States]] to participate in the shooting for ''[[The Gray Man (2022 film)|The Gray Man]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Dhanush, Malavika Mohanan complete shooting first schedule of their film. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/dhanush-malavika-mohanan-complete-shooting-first-schedule-of-their-film-see-pics-101612776403991.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/dhanush-malavika-mohanan-complete-shooting-first-schedule-of-their-film-see-pics-101612776403991.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> While, the team decided to resume shooting for the portions, featuring Dhanush, in May 2021, filming was interrupted due to [[COVID-19]] second wave and the statewide lockdown in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karthick Narean to resume Dhanush's 'D43' shooting soon! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthick-narean-to-resume-dhanushs-d43-shooting-soon/articleshow/82653750.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthick-narean-to-resume-dhanushs-d43-shooting-soon/articleshow/82653750.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

After Dhanush's return from United States, the production house, on 25 June 2021,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Final schedule of Dhanush's D43 starts in July |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/final-schedule-of-dhanushs-d43-starts-in-july/articleshow/83840268.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/final-schedule-of-dhanushs-d43-starts-in-july/articleshow/83840268.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> announced that the filming of the final schedule will begin in July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palisetty |first=Ramya |date=25 June 2021 |title=Dhanush and Malavika Mohanan to resume final schedule of D43 in July |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-and-malavika-mohanan-to-resume-final-schedule-of-d43-in-july-1819402-2021-06-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140209/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-and-malavika-mohanan-to-resume-final-schedule-of-d43-in-july-1819402-2021-06-25 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush's D43 final schedule to be shot in Hyderabad! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/dhanushs-d43-final-schedule-to-be-shot-in-hyderabad-news-tamil-vg2hBabhhhggc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141717/https://www.sify.com/movies/dhanushs-d43-final-schedule-to-be-shot-in-hyderabad-news-tamil-vg2hBabhhhggc.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> A source from [[The Times of India]] reported that: "In the schedule, all important scenes, including high-octane action sequences, will be shot in the final schedule, which will go on for over a month". The source further added that, the production team will conduct shooting adhering to the safety precautions set for preventing [[COVID-19]] spread.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cr |first=Sharanya |title=Dhanush's 'D43': High-octane action sequences to be shot in Hyderabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-d43-high-octane-action-sequences-to-be-shot-in-hyderabad/articleshow/83841031.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141723/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-d43-high-octane-action-sequences-to-be-shot-in-hyderabad/articleshow/83841031.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The final schedule began on 5 July 2021, with Dhanush and Mohanan resuming the shooting in Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news |title='D43': Dhanush starts shooting for the Karthick Naren film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/d43-dhanush-starts-shooting-for-the-karthick-naren-film/articleshow/84138309.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/d43-dhanush-starts-shooting-for-the-karthick-naren-film/articleshow/84138309.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> During the production of the film, Naren was reported to quit the project and Dhanush will direct the remaining portions with [[Subramaniam Siva]] assisting him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karthick Naren out of D43? Here is the clarification... |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/karthick-naren-out-of-d43-here-is-the-clarification-news-tamil-vhjjmubcaiefc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141717/https://www.sify.com/movies/karthick-naren-out-of-d43-here-is-the-clarification-news-tamil-vhjjmubcaiefc.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> However, the producers denied the claims and stated that Naren is still a part of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2021 |title=Karthick Naren out of Dhanush's D43? - Clarification |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/karthicknarenoutofdhanushsd43clarification-tamil-news-290607 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140211/https://www.indiaglitz.com/karthicknarenoutofdhanushsd43clarification-tamil-news-290607 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2021 |title=D43: Director Karthick Naren no longer part of Dhanush's film? |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/28649/d43-director-karthick-naren-dhanush |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140205/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/28649/d43-director-karthick-naren-dhanush |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=MovieCrow}}</ref> Dhanush completed the shooting of the final schedule in Hyderabad by August 2021,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Malavika Mohanan back in Chennai for Dhanush's 'Maaran' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-mohanan-back-in-chennai-for-dhanushs-maaran/articleshow/85708723.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-mohanan-back-in-chennai-for-dhanushs-maaran/articleshow/85708723.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> while Mohanan returned to Chennai to shoot her pending portions for the film, which continued during October 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Malavika Mohanan joins the final schedule of Dhanush's Maaran |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-mohanan-joins-the-final-schedule-of-dhanushs-maaran/articleshow/86834751.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-mohanan-joins-the-final-schedule-of-dhanushs-maaran/articleshow/86834751.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music is composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] who is working with [[Dhanush]] for the fifth time, followed by [[Polladhavan (2007 film)|''Polladhavan'']] (2007), ''[[Aadukalam]]'', ''[[Mayakkam Enna]]'' (2011) and ''[[Asuran (2019 film)|Asuran]]'' (2019), and his first collaboration with [[Karthick Naren]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=GV Prakash on working with Dhanush for the fifth time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/gv-prakash-on-working-with-dhanush-for-the-fifth-time/articleshow/80170652.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024054627/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/gv-prakash-on-working-with-dhanush-for-the-fifth-time/articleshow/80170652.cms |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The songs were written by Dhanush and [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]], who served as the primary lyricist for the album,<ref>{{Cite news |title=GV Prakash Kumar reveals that 'D43' songs are completed, an update will be made on Dhanush's birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/gv-prakash-kumar-reveals-that-d43-songs-are-completed-an-update-will-be-made-on-dhanushs-birthday/articleshow/77143457.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/gv-prakash-kumar-reveals-that-d43-songs-are-completed-an-update-will-be-made-on-dhanushs-birthday/articleshow/77143457.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> featuring five tracks, and Prakash began composing for the soundtrack by March 2020 with two songs being completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2020 |title=GV Prakash's update on Dhanush's 'D43' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gv-prakashs-update-dhanushs-d43-119828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141714/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gv-prakashs-update-dhanushs-d43-119828 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The composition process were completed within December.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} He was excited about the way, the songs were shaped up, and assured the fans that, the film will have a "solid album".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2020 |title='Get ready for solid album': GV Prakash Kumar on completing 3 songs for Dhanush's 'D 43' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/get-ready-solid-album-gv-prakash-kumar-completing-3-songs-dhanush-s-d-43-138854 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140204/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/get-ready-solid-album-gv-prakash-kumar-completing-3-songs-dhanush-s-d-43-138854 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Prakash started working on the film score by December 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BGM Work commences for Dhanush's 'Maaran'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bgm-work-commences-for-dhanushs-maaran/articleshow/88226201.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bgm-work-commences-for-dhanushs-maaran/articleshow/88226201.cms|archive-date=30 December 2021|access-date=30 December 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=December 11, 2021}}</ref>

It was reported that the film's introductory track was ready by November 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2021 |title=Maaran: Dhanush's Film To Have 4 Tracks, Theme Song for the Film Also Ready |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/south/maaran-dhanushs-film-to-have-4-tracks-theme-song-for-the-film-also-ready-3033310.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140205/https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/south/maaran-dhanushs-film-to-have-4-tracks-theme-song-for-the-film-also-ready-3033310.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=LatestLY}}</ref> which was considered as a "stylish and massy number".<ref name=":3" /> In January 2022, Prakash reported that he is working on the [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]] and [[Mastering (audio)|mastering]] of the introductory track.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2022 |title=Dhanush to sing the opening song of Karthick Naren directorial Maaran; GV Prakash spills the beans |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/dhanush-sing-opening-song-karthick-naren-directorial-maaran-gv-prakash-spills-beans-992445 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113191230/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/dhanush-sing-opening-song-karthick-naren-directorial-maaran-gv-prakash-spills-beans-992445 |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2022 |title=GV Prakash drops a massive update on the first single of Dhanush's Maaran! |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/gv-prakash-latest-mass-update-dhanush-malavika-mohanan-maaran-opening-song-first-single-release-date-tamil-news-305838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113150154/https://www.indiaglitz.com/gv-prakash-latest-mass-update-dhanush-malavika-mohanan-maaran-opening-song-first-single-release-date-tamil-news-305838 |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> The track is written by Vivek, which will be sung by Dhanush and [[Rapping|rap]] vocals written and sung by [[Arivu]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhanush sung opening song for Maaran getting ready |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/dhanush-sung-opening-song-for-maaran-getting-ready/articleshow/88877250.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113150154/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/dhanush-sung-opening-song-for-maaran-getting-ready/articleshow/88877250.cms |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The aforementioned track was titled "Polladha Ulagam" that was released as a single on 26 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2022 |title=Watch: Dhanush shows off dance moves in first single from Maaran |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-dhanush-shows-dance-moves-first-single-maaran-160283 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129102017/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-dhanush-shows-dance-moves-first-single-maaran-160283 |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2022 |title=First Song From Dhanush's Maaran To Be Out on Jan 26 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/first-song-from-dhanushs-maaran-to-be-out-on-jan-26-4696751.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129102025/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/first-song-from-dhanushs-maaran-to-be-out-on-jan-26-4696751.html |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> The track was released as a video song on [[YouTube]], the same day,<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2022 |title=Polladha Ulagam song from Dhanush's Maaran is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/jan/26/polladha-ulagam-song-from-dhanushs-maaran-is-here-29310.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129102027/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/jan/26/polladha-ulagam-song-from-dhanushs-maaran-is-here-29310.html |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> and became the most viewed Tamil song in 24 hours, garnering over 7.8 million views until it was broken by "[[Arabic Kuthu]]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2022 |title=யூடியூபில் சாதனை படைத்த 'பொல்லாத உலகம்' பாடல் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/761648-polladha-ulagam-from-maaran-garners-6-million-views.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129102017/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/761648-polladha-ulagam-from-maaran-garners-6-million-views.html |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> The tracks "Annana Thaalaattum" and "Chittu Kuruvi" were released as singles on 18 February and 4 March,{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} and the full soundtrack album was released by [[Lahari Music]] on 5 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=Maaran (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3rGt41Gt7UwqdtfGVrCoog |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310110139/https://open.spotify.com/album/3rGt41Gt7UwqdtfGVrCoog |archive-date=10 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=[[Spotify]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 15:20
| title1 = Polladha Ulagam
| lyrics1 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| extra1 = [[Dhanush]], [[Arivu]]
| length1 = 3:55
| title2 = Annana Thaalaattum
| lyrics2 = Vivek
| extra2 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| length2 = 2:44
| title3 = Chittu Kuruvi
| lyrics3 = [[Dhanush]]
| extra3 = Dhanush
| title4 = Maaran Theme
| length4 = 1:28
| lyrics4 = —
| extra4 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| title5 = Chittu Kuruvi
| note5 = Instrumental
| length5 = 3:14
| lyrics5 = —
| extra5 = G. V. Prakash Kumar
| length3 = 3:59
}}

== Release ==
=== Streaming ===
''Maaran'' released on 11 March 2022 on the [[Disney+ Hotstar]] [[streaming service]].<ref name="March 11" />

=== Marketing ===
On 28 February 2022, the film's trailer was launched by the fans of the actor, through [[Twitter]] and [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fans to unveil the trailer of Dhanush's 'Maaran' on February 28; Makers build the excitement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/will-simbu-unveil-the-trailer-of-dhanushs-maaran-makers-build-the-excitement/articleshow/89849582.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227085512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/will-simbu-unveil-the-trailer-of-dhanushs-maaran-makers-build-the-excitement/articleshow/89849582.cms |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=2022-03-10 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The film received its Twitter [[emoji]] on the same day, being Dhanush's second film to get Twitter emoji after ''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhanush's Maaran gets Twitter emoji |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-maaran-gets-twitter-emoji/articleshow/89889146.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306150604/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-maaran-gets-twitter-emoji/articleshow/89889146.cms |archive-date=6 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Before the film's release, few selfie standees were set up at [[Express Avenue]], [[Chennai]],<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1499694383964520449 |user=disneyplusHSTam |title=Click your photo with #Maaran 📸🤩 at📍Express Avenue, Chennai |author=Disney+ Hotstar Tamil}}</ref> and a [[Bioscope show|bioscope]] showcasing the snippets of few songs and the trailer was made available for public viewing at the venue.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1499994835813801987 |user=disneyplusHSTam |title=Audience enjoying the #Maaran Bioscope at Express Avenue, Chennai 🤩🤩 |author=Disney+ Hotstar Tamil}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Maaran'' was received with negative reviews upon release by audience and critics alike.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K|first=Janani|date=1 April 2022|title=Dhanush spends time with Selvaraghavan and family after split with Aishwaryaa Rajinikanth|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-spends-time-with-selvaraghavan-and-family-after-split-with-aishwaryaa-rajinikanth-1932205-2022-04-01|access-date=2024-12-01|website=[[India Today]]|language=en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20260131111359/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-spends-time-with-selvaraghavan-and-family-after-split-with-aishwaryaa-rajinikanth-1932205-2022-04-01|archive-date=31 Jan 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>

M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' who gave 2.0 out of 5 stars stated that "Just half-an-hour or so into the film, the plot structure starts to feels too straight forward for a Karthick Naren film and we somehow sense a twist coming — and it does! But it hardly creates an impact, for the film never gets us immersed in its world. The world-building is quite weak and the characterizaton one-note. All we get is a lean narrative that moves from point A to point B without really making us care. And this spareness of the narrative does not seem to be by design. Instead, it comes across as an effort to make a movie out of whatever footage was shot after the team realised that the film was not turning out as intended."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=12 March 2022 |title=MAARAN REVIEW : EVEN DHANUSH CANNOT RESCUE THIS BLAND CRIME THRILLER |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/maaran/ottmoviereview/90121670.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313063928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/maaran/ottmoviereview/90121670.cms |archive-date=13 March 2022 |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave the film a rating of 2/5 and wrote " Barring Dhanush and, to an extent Smruthi Venkat, the actors have little to do in film. Malavika Mohanan gets the worst deal".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author-link=Saibal Chatterjee |date=12 March 2022 |title=Maaran Review: Dhanush Is Surprisingly Inert In Bland Film |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/maaran-review-dhanush-is-surprisingly-inert-in-bland-film-2-stars-2818517 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Balakrishna Ganeshan of ''[[The News Minute]]'' gave the film a rating of 2/5 and wrote "Dhanush, who had just recovered with Atrangi Re after the disastrous Jagame Thanthiram, delivers another poor outing with Maaran. And for Karthick Naren, this film joins the list of [[Mafia: Chapter 1]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganeshan |first=Balakrishna |date=12 March 2022 |title=Dhanush's Maaran is riddled with cliches and lacks substance |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-s-maaran-riddled-cliches-and-lacks-substance-161849 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313063912/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-s-maaran-riddled-cliches-and-lacks-substance-161849 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |access-date=13 Mar 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film a rating of 2/5 and wrote "The scenes are so bland that even the presence of Dhanush can't lift our spirits. Karthick puts two bright actors, Ameer and Dhanush in a scene, and yet fails to create any sort of impact".<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=12 March 2022 |title=Maaran movie review: Even Dhanush can't save this one |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/maaran-movie-review-even-dhanush-cant-save-this-one-7816002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313063932/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/maaran-movie-review-even-dhanush-cant-save-this-one-7816002/ |archive-date=13 March 2022 |access-date=13 Mar 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

Nidhima Taneja of ''[[ThePrint]]'' gave the film 2/5 and wrote "The best scenes in this over two-hour-long film are some of the interactions between Smruthi Venkat and Dhanush".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taneja |first=Nidhima |date=12 March 2022 |title=Maaran has a script so wobbly even Dhanush can't save it |url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/maaran-has-a-script-so-wobbly-even-dhanush-cant-save-it/870612/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313063941/https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/maaran-has-a-script-so-wobbly-even-dhanush-cant-save-it/870612/ |archive-date=13 March 2022 |access-date=13 Mar 2022 |website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave a rating of 1.5 out of 5 stating that "With a runtime of two hours and 10 minutes, Maaran should have been a taut thriller. But, you feel like an eternity has passed."<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=11 March 2022 |title=Maaran Movie Review: Dhanush's actioner has no substance, only style |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/maaran-movie-review-dhanush-s-actioner-has-no-substance-only-style-1924371-2022-03-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313063914/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/maaran-movie-review-dhanush-s-actioner-has-no-substance-only-style-1924371-2022-03-11 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' after reviewing the film stated that "For Dhanush's decent performance alone, Maaran is watchable. He tries his best to hold the film together. Samuthirakani, who is arguably one of the busiest character-actors in Tamil cinema today, gets wasted in a role that's underwritten. Nobody else, as part of the supporting cast, makes any impact with their presence. The sporadic use of English dialogue sticks out like sore thumb too."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=12 March 2022 |title=Maaran movie review: Dhanush shines in a bland investigative thriller |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/maaran-movie-review-dhanush-shines-in-a-bland-investigative-thriller-101647068492423.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313063937/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/maaran-movie-review-dhanush-shines-in-a-bland-investigative-thriller-101647068492423.html |archive-date=13 March 2022 |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name=":0_UGv2N">{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V. |title=Dhanush-Karthick's action thriller will roll from May |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-karthicks-action-thriller-will-roll-from-may/articleshow/73935114.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140205/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-karthicks-action-thriller-will-roll-from-may/articleshow/73935114.cms |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=8 January 2021 |title=Dhanush begins shoot of D43 with opening song; track sung by star, shares composer GV Prakash |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dhanush-begins-shoot-of-d43-with-opening-song-track-sung-by-star-shares-composer-gv-prakash-9184291.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140213/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dhanush-begins-shoot-of-d43-with-opening-song-track-sung-by-star-shares-composer-gv-prakash-9184291.html |archive-date=30 December 2021 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Sathya Jyothi Films}}

[[Category:2020s political action films]]
[[Category:2020s political thriller films]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Disney+ Hotstar original films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films directed by Karthick Naren]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Films set in 2000]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language political thriller films]]

Kandoth assault

2026-03-21T21:32:55Z

Teamaksharhospital: New entry

The '''Kandoth Assault''' was a clash In 1930 over temple entry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqTaAAAAMAAJ&q=Kandoth|title=History of the Communist Movement in Kerala|last1=Balakrishnan|first1=E.|year=1998}}</ref> Lower castes were not allowed to walk in front of the Kandoth Temple Of The Thiyya Castes At Kandoth In [[Payyanur]], [[Kannur]]. [[A.K. Gopalan]] led a procession to grieve the [[Dalit|Harijans]] and the [[Thiyyar]] Leaders and the Thiyyar Women who witnessed the brutal beating of [[A. K. Gopalan|A.K.G]] and the Harijans.<ref name="fgg"/><ref name="fff">{{cite book|last=A.M Abraham Ayirukuzhiel|year=1987|title=Swami Anand Thirth: Untouchability, Gandhian Solution on Trial|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvotAAAAMAAJ&q=Badly|page=32}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KifByWawBoUC&q=Kandoth+assault|title = In the Cause of the People: Reminiscences|last1 = Gopalan|first1 = Avilliath Kutteri|last2 = Ke Gopālan|first2 = E.|year = 1973}}</ref><ref name="fhh">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WR1eDwAAQBAJ&dq=Kandoth+assault&pg=PT83|title=Kannur: Inside India's Bloodiest Revenge Politics|isbn=9789353051051|last1=Ullekh|first1=N. P.|date=19 June 2018 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited }}</ref>

==History==
Kandoth is located near Payyannoor. Harijans were not allowed to walk on the public road in Kandoth. The inhabitants of Kandoth were of the [[Thiyya|Thiyyar community]].<ref name="fff"/><ref name="fgg"/> Their temple was close to the road.<ref name=guruvayoorprotest11/> Locals feared that the temple would be soiled and decided that no one was allowed to walk past it. K. V. Kunhi Rama Puthuval was sent to Vengayil Appukuttan Nair to discuss the situation.<ref name="fff"/><ref name="fgg"/><ref name="fhh"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDtiAAAAMAAJ&q=payyanur+temple+entry|title = Social Impact of Mass Media in Kerala|isbn = 9788172140649|last1 = Velacherry|first1 = Joseph|year = 1993 | publisher=CISRS, Bangalore }}</ref><ref name="1sss"/>

The Keraliyan of Kandoth were invited. The content of these discussions remain private. Pothuval said that there would be a procession and no untoward incident would take place. A small group of Harijans led by [[Keralites]] arrived from Pazhayangadi. Many marched together.<ref name="fff"/><ref name="fgg"/> Keralites and A.K. Gopalan led the procession, which was attended by many women. Residents made the necessary arrangements in advance. As the procession approached the road, a large crowd, rushed forward and attacked A.K.G. and the Harijans.<ref name="fff"/><ref name="1sss">[[#cpk71|പി.കൃഷ്ണപിള്ളയുടെ ജീവചരിത്രം -ഡോക്ടർ.ചന്തവിള മുരളി]] പുറം. 69</ref><ref name=guruvayoorprotest11>{{cite book|title=ദേശാഭിമാനി കൃഷ്ണപിള്ള സ്മാരക ഗ്രന്ഥം|publisher=ചിന്ത|pages=11–12|year=1955|quote=പയ്യന്നൂരിൽ കണ്ടോത്ത് എന്ന സ്ഥലത്തു വെച്ച് എന്നേയും കേരളീയനേയും കൂടെയുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ഹരിജനങ്ങളേയും അവിടെയുള്ള കൃഷിക്കാർ ക്രൂരമായി മർദ്ദിച്ചു}}</ref> The women carried heavy sticks. A.K.G asked the accompanying women to run to safety. The attack lasted about half an hour.<ref name="fff"/> Women came carrying heavy wooden sticks and beat them. All the people present in Ghosha were beaten by these chiefs.<ref name="fff"/> But A.K.G Standing where Gopalan and Keralian were, he faced the barrage. Others fled. A.k.G told the accompanying women to run to safety.<ref name="fff"/> KG demanded. The attack lasted for half an hour. The "Kandoth short stick" was infamous in the press of the day.<ref name="fff"/> Many people were injured. A.K. Gopalan and Keralian fell unconscious. They were taken by car to the hospital, where they lay unconscious for several hours. Even the Keralite's death statement was taken.<ref name="fff"/> Took home in the morning This attack K. This was Gopalan's first physical attack in his political career. But the "Kandoth assault" was an event that found a prominent place in news coverage.<ref name="fff"/>

The "Connaught Short Stick" became infamous. Several people were injured. The Keralites and A.K.G fell unconscious and were taken to hospital.<ref name="fff"/><ref name="1sss"/><ref name="fgg">{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12786/page/n36/mode/1up?view=theater | title=IN THE CAUSE OF THE PEOPLE REMINISCENCES : GOPALAN, A.K. : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | date=1956 | publisher=Oriental Longman,C Alcutta }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{morecat|date=September 2025}}
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]

Real Kashmir Football Club

2026-03-20T13:51:33Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Poster_of_Real_Kashmir_Football_Club.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Sports drama]]
| based_on =
| director = {{ubl|[[Rajesh Mapuskar]]|Mahesh Mathai}}
| showrunner = Mahesh Mathai
| starring = {{ubl|[[Manav Kaul]] | [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]]}}
| writer = {{ubl|Simaab Hashmi|Umang Vyas|Dhruv Narang|Danish Renzu}}
| composer = {{ubl|[[Benedict Taylor]]|Naren Chandavarkar}}
| cinematography = Saurabh Monga
| editor = Parikshhit Jha
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 8
| location = India
| company = Jaya Entertainment Oshun Entertainment
| network = [[SonyLIV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|12|09|df=y}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Real Kashmir Football Club''''' is an Indian [[sports drama]] television series starring [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]] and [[Manav Kaul]] in lead roles and is inspired by the real-life story of [[Real Kashmir FC]], the first professional football club from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="IT1">{{cite news |last=Jaiswal |first=A. |title=Zeeshan Ayyub, Manav Kaul to lead inspiring sports drama Real Kashmir Football Club |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/real-kashmir-football-club-zeeshan-ayyub-manav-kaul-lead-inspiring-sports-drama-2787630-2025-09-15 |work=India Today |date=15 September 2025 |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-11-10 |title=Manav Kaul: Being a Kashmiri, story of 'Real Kashmir Football Club' means a lot to me |url=https://ianslive.in/manav-kaul-being-a-kashmiri-story-of-real-kashmir-football-club-means-a-lot-to-me--20251110175858 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=IANS News |language=en}}</ref> The series is directed by Mahesh Mathai and [[Rajesh Mapuskar]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-09-15 |title='Story Of Love For The Game, For Possibility': Real Kashmir Football Club's Rise To Hope Now A Web Series |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/real-kashmir-football-club-rise-to-hope-now-a-sonyliv-web-series-enn25091505458 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> and produced by Jaya Entertainment, Oshun Entertainment, Kapital Entertainment, and SK Global Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2025-09-10 |title='Real Kashmir Football Club' Headlines Indian Streamer SonyLIV's Expansive 2025 Slate (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/kashmir-soccer-club-sonyliv-2025-slate-1236513904/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-10 |title=Real Kashmir Football Club Trailer: Manav Kaul, Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub's Inspirational Sports Saga To Release On THIS Date |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/real-kashmir-football-club-trailer-manav-kaul-mohammed-zeeshan-ayyub-inspirational-sports-saga-to-release-on-this-date-article-153129232 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Inspired by a true story, follows two dreamers and twenty underdog players as they chase the possibility of creating a professional football team in Kashmir. What begins as a distant ambition tested by setbacks, small triumphs, and personal sacrifice slowly becomes a source of hope for them and for those who follow their rise. The show traces how one idea grows far beyond the team that started it.<ref name="Scroll">{{cite news |title=Series 'Real Kashmir Football Club' traces guts-to-glory journey |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1088482/watch-series-real-kashmir-football-club-traces-guts-to-glory-journey |work=Scroll.in |date=12 November 2025 |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]] <ref name="IT1"/> as Sohail Meer
* [[Manav Kaul]] <ref name="Scroll"/> as Shirish Kemmu
* Abhishant Rana <ref name="IT1"/> as Amaan
* Adhir Bhatt as Nazir
* Anmol Dhillon Thakeria as Azlan
* Shahid Mushtaq
* Shubhang Chaturvedi
* Mark Bennington as coach Douglas
* Saud Al Rasdid Para
* Afnan Fazli
* Adil Pala
* Imran Farooq
* Khusshal Maggo
* Muazzam Bhat
* Shaheem Bhat

== Production ==
The series was announced as part of SonyLIV's 2025 slate of original programming.<ref name="Variety">{{cite news |title=Kashmir Soccer Club Drama Headlines SonyLIV's 2025 Slate |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/kashmir-soccer-club-sonyliv-2025-slate-1236513904/ |work=Variety |date=10 September 2025 |access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref> According to early reports, the show was developed to capture the inspirational real-life journey of Real Kashmir FC, formed amid challenging circumstances in the region.<ref name="Scroll"/>

SonyLIV described the show as "a story of rookies, of strangers, of turmoil — but above all, a story of love: for the game, for Kashmir, for possibility."<ref name="IT1"/>

== Release ==
The series will be streaming on SonyLIV starting December 9, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chat up: Real Kashmir FC story comes alive |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/chat-up-real-kashmir-fc-story-comes-alive/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Kashmir Football Club Trailer: The Inspirational Sports Journey Featuring Manav Kaul and Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub Set to Premiere on THIS Date |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/web-series/kashmir-first-professional-football-club-series-article-153129487 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
In its review, Sana Farzeen of [[India Today]] described ''the series'' as a grounded and realistic portrayal of youth aspirations in Kashmir, noting that the series avoids exaggerated dramatization and focuses instead on the social and emotional challenges faced by the characters. The review praised the performances of Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub and Manav Kaul, while also mentioning that the narrative occasionally follows familiar sports-drama patterns.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 December 2025 |title=Real Kashmir Football Club review: A grounded story of youth, football and hope |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/real-kashmir-football-club-review-kashmir-youth-football-journey-2832904-2025-12-09 |access-date=27 January 2025 |work=India Today}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of [[The Indian Express|Indian Express]] gave 3 out of 5 stars and quoted "Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub, Manav Kaul series scores on heart"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-10 |title=Real Kashmir Football Club review: Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub, Manav Kaul series scores on heart |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/real-kashmir-football-club-review-mohammed-zeeshan-ayyub-series-scores-on-heart-10412438/ |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Rahul Desai of [[The Hollywood Reporter India]] described the series as "The Sport of Good Storytelling"<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Real Kashmir Football Club’ Series Review: The Sport of Good Storytelling |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/real-kashmir-football-club-series-review-the-sport-of-good-storytelling |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref> Nida Mehraj of [[Deccan Chronicle]] gave 3 out of 5 stars and reviewed the series as "Real Kashmir FC Delivers Grit and Heart, Despite Its Rough Edges"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehraj |first=Nida |date=2025-12-09 |title=Real Kashmir FC Delivers Grit and Heart, Despite Its Rough Edges |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/real-kashmir-fc-delivers-grit-and-heart-despite-its-rough-edges-1922689 |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> Shreyas Pande of [[The Hindu]] reviewed the series and described it as "A breezy soccer tale undermined by wayward writing"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pande |first=Shreyas |date=2025-12-09 |title=‘Real Kashmir Football Club’ series review: A breezy soccer tale undermined by wayward writing |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/real-kashmir-football-club-series-review-a-breezy-soccer-tale-undermined-by-wayward-writing/article70371943.ece |access-date=2025-12-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] reviewed the series as "Feel-good sports drama scores a goal for empathy"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2025-12-09 |title=‘Real Kashmir Football Club’ review: Feel-good sports drama scores a goal for empathy |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1089085/real-kashmir-football-club-review-feel-good-sports-drama-scores-a-goal-for-empathy |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> Sriva A of [[moneycontrol]] described the series as "Mohammed Zeeshan Ayub and Manav Kaul score big and shine in inspiring Kashmir football story"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Kashmir Football Club Review: Mohammed Zeeshan Ayub and Manav Kaul score big and shine in inspiring Kashmir football story |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/ott/real-kashmir-football-club-review-mohammed-zeeshan-ayub-and-manav-kaul-score-big-and-shine-in-inspiring-kashmir-football-story-article-13716496.html}}</ref> Shubhangi Shah of [[The Week (Indian magazine)|TheWeek]] reviewed the series and quoted "Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub shines in SonyLIV's gentle underdog saga"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Kashmir Football Club review: Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub shines in SonyLIV's gentle underdog saga |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2025/12/10/real-kashmir-football-club-review-mohammed-zeeshan-ayyub-shines-in-sony-liv-s-gentle-underdog-saga.html |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

== Episodes ==
The series consists of eight episodes streaming on SonyLIV.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Kashmir Football Club – Episodes |url=https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/real-kashmir-football-club-1790006726/episodes |publisher=SonyLIV |access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:left;"
! style="width:4%;" | No.
! style="width:22%;" | Title
! style="width:12%;" | Release date
! style="width:8%;" | Runtime
! Summary
|-
| 1
| Kickoff
| 08 December 2025
| 52 minutes
| Disillusioned with journalism, Sohail decides to change Kashmir for the better by starting a professional football club. He tries to convince his childhood friend Mustafa to coach RKFC and approaches businessman Shirish for funding, who knows nothing about football.
|-
| 2
| Pressing
| 08 December 2025
| 38 minutes
| With financier Shirish and coach Mustafa on board and the squad selected, Sohail must complete formalities to ensure RKFC meets league compliance requirements.
|-
| 3
| In Possession
| 08 December 2025
| 35 minutes
| To qualify for a league tournament, RKFC must recruit local star Shah. The task is difficult because Shah has a confrontational past with Mustafa.
|-
| 4
| Transition To Defence
| 08 December 2025
| 39 minutes
| Shah joins the club and the team travels to Delhi for the qualifying tournament, where events on and off the field begin to go wrong.
|-
| 5
| Own-Goal
| 08 December 2025
| 32 minutes
| After the Delhi setback, tensions rise and some players consider leaving. Sohail must keep Mustafa, re-sign Shah, and manage Shirish, who now wants a greater role in club management.
|-
| 6
| Regroup
| 08 December 2025
| 39 minutes
| Sohail agrees with Shirish to bring in an international coach to improve RKFC's chances, but informing Mustafa of this decision causes a serious disagreement.
|-
| 7
| Counterattack
| 08 December 2025
| 45 minutes
| International coach Douglas arrives and sees the challenges of building a club in Srinagar. Sohail and Shirish slowly move the club closer to league qualification.
|-
| 8
| Goal!
| 08 December 2025
| 40 minutes
| Players learn that their qualification match would be against a security forces team at the local cantonment, sparking debate over whether to play.
|}

== See also ==
* [[Real Kashmir FC]]
* [[SonyLIV original programming]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|38236377}}

[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Sports television in India]]
[[Category:SonyLIV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Hasanuzzaman Sk

2026-03-17T11:28:47Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| name = Hasanuzzaman Sheikh
| native_name = হাসানুজ্জামান শেখ
| native_name_lang = bn
| birth_place = [[Beldanga]], [[Murshidabad district]]
| birth_date = c. {{Birth year and age|1974}}
| constituency = [[Beldanga Assembly constituency|Beldanga]]
| term_start = 2021
| term_end = 2026
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Safiujjaman Seikh]]
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]] since 2021
}}
'''Hasanuzzaman Sheikh''' ({{Langx|bn|হাসানুজ্জামান শেখ}}) is a current [[Trinamool Congress]] and former [[Indian National Congress]] politician from West Bengal.

==Early life and family==
Hasanuzzaman was born in {{circa|1974}} to a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] and [[Muslim]] [[Sheikhs of Bengal|Sheikh]] family in [[Beldanga]], [[Murshidabad district]]. He is the grandson of former Indian [[Member of Parliament]] [[Muhammed Khuda Bukhsh]].<ref>{{cite web|website=MyNeta|url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1949|title=Hasanuzzaman Sk}}</ref>

==Career==
He was a [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]], representing [[Beldanga Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Trinamool Congress]]. Previously he served as a [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]], representing [[Kaliganj Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Beldanga Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Hasanuzzaman Sk of TMC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/beldanga-election-result-2021-live-updates-beldanga-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696725.html |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Beldanga Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Beldanga Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-beldanga-constituency-71.html |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="West Bengal assembly election 2021: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Financialexpress |date=3 May 2021 |title=West Bengal assembly election 2021: Full list of winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243718/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317104451/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243718/ |archivedate=17 March 2023 |accessdate=17 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="West Bengal Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners">{{cite news |date=3 May 2021 |title=West Bengal Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/west-bengal-election-results-2021-heres-full-list-of-winners-9169581.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624052937/https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/west-bengal-election-results-2021-heres-full-list-of-winners-9169581.htm |archivedate=24 June 2025 |accessdate=24 June 2025 |publisher=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sk, Hasanuzzaman}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Politicians from Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Bathu Temples

2026-03-11T15:59:40Z

Teamaksharhospital: Expanded content with additional details

{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Bathu Temples
| native_name = बाथू की लड़ी
| native_name_lang = hi
| image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Bathu Shivalaya 8.jpg
| photo2a = Bathu Shivalaya 9.jpg
| photo3a = Bathu Shivalaya 5.jpg
| spacing = 1
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 250
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top right: Temples from [[Maharana Pratap Sagar]], ''Nagara'' styled architecture, Temples with [[Himalayas]] in the background.}}
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Himachal Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|32.047235|76.003648|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kangra District|Kangra]]
| location = [[Maharana Pratap Sagar]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]], [[Parvati]], [[Hindu deities|others]]
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Nagara architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| established =
| creator = [[Pandavas]]
| website =
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
'''Bathu temples''' (बाथू मंदिर), known locally as ''Bathu ki ladi'' (बाथू की लड़ी), is a cluster of temples in the [[Kangra district]] of [[Indian Republic|Indian]] state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], with the main temple dedicated to goddess [[Parvati]] and [[Lord Shiva]]. These temples were submerged in [[Maharana Pratap Sagar]], a reservoir created by [[Pong Dam|Pong dam]] in the early 1970s. Since then, these temples are only accessible from May to June when the water level decreases.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Bathu temples' tourism potential untapped |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bathu-temples-tourism-potential-untapped-344438 |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Per the local folklore legends, the Bathu cluster of temples were built by the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] when they were travelling through the area during their period of exile. The Pandavas attempted to build a staircase to connect with the [[Masrur Temples|Masrur rock temples]] in one night but the construction was abandoned midway. The half-constructed stairway consisting of forty stairs can still be seen there and it is accessible to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=साल के 8 महीने पानी में डूबा रहता है यह अनोखा मंदिर,यहां से दिखती हैं स्‍वर्ग की ओर जाने वाली सीढ़ियां |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/travel/religious-trip/bathu-ki-ladi-kangra-himachal-pradesh/articleshow/95071980.cms?story=5 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

It is believed that the Pandavas had built eleven temples, out of which two were destroyed with time and nine remains.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bathu Ki Ladi Temple: साल के 8 महीने पानी में डूबा रहता है ये मंदिर, यहां मौजूद हैं स्वर्ग की सीढ़ियां! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bathu-ki-ladi-temple-is-situated-in-middle-of-pong-dam-in-kangra-district-of-himachal/1186150 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref> Parallel historical records suggest that the temples were built in 8th century AD by the [[Hindu Shahis|Hindu Shahi dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bathu temples tourism potential untapped |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bathu-temples-tourism-potential-untapped-344438/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> The central temple is considered to be dedicated to [[Lord Shiva]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Priya |title=Heard of Bathu ki Ladi, a unique temple in Himachal? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/heard-of-bathu-ki-ladi-a-unique-temple-in-himachal/articleshow/65150807.cms |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Times of India Travel |language=en}}</ref> while some believe it is dedicated to [[Vishnu|Lord Vishnu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-03 |title=अजब-गजब: 8 महीने पानी में रहता है मंदिर, मौजूद हैं स्वर्ग की 40 सीढ़ियां - mobile |url=https://m.punjabkesari.in/dharm/news/bathu-ki-ladi-temple-1449638 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The Bathu temples are built in the Nagara style architecture, which is common in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The temples are built with ''bathu'' stones; despite being submerged for 8 months every year, there has been minimal damage to the temples. The stones bear the iconography of goddess Kali and lord Ganesha, and there is lord Vishnu reclining on [[Shesha|Sheshnag]] inside the temple.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Little-Known Facts About Unexplored Bathu Ki Ladi Temples In Himachal |url=https://www.news18.com/lifestyle/little-known-facts-about-unexplored-bathu-ki-ladi-temples-in-himachal-7460047.html |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> No priests are available at the temples; devotees worship on their own.<ref name=":1" />

There are several small villages near the temple site, which includes Guglara, Sugnara, Harsar, Jarot, Bajera, Katnor, Khabal, Ludret, and Bhial.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bathu Temple |url=https://kamahidevi.com/nearest-historical-place/bathu-temple/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Kamahi Devi |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Preservation ==
When the area was acquired in the 1970s for the creation of the Pong dam reservoir, the then government had committed to build a new temple structure at Bainan Attarian and relocate the temple idols. However, this has not yet happened. Conservationists have been trying to protect the Bathu temples. In 2022, the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) was contacted by the [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]] (INTACH) with the request to relocate the ancient Bathu temples.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preserve, relocate Bathu ki Lari temples of Kangra, ASI urged |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/preserve-relocate-bathu-ki-lari-temples-of-kangra-asi-urged-386717/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bathu temples tourism potential untapped |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bathu-temples-tourism-potential-untapped-344438/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Travel ==
The Bathu temples are accessible between March and June only. It is situated around 3 kilometers from [[Dhameta]] village and [[Nagrota surian|Nagrota Surian]] and accessible by road from [[Jawali, Himachal Pradesh|Jawali]] and by boat too. The nearest airport is the [[Kangra Airport|Gaggal Airport]] and Dhameta village can be reached by private taxi. Near the temple, there is an island-like structure known as Rensar. There is a guesthouse managed by the forest department.<ref name=":0" />

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Bathu Shivalaya 1.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 2.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 3.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 4.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 6.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 7.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 10.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 11.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 12.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 13.jpg
Bathu Shivalaya 14.jpg
Bathu ki ladi.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kangra district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Himachal Pradesh]]

Kanavu (film)

2026-03-04T05:06:16Z

Teamaksharhospital: New new details - done

{{Multiple issues|
{{No plot|date=September 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = P. V. Krishnan
| producer = P. V. Krishnan
| writer =
| screenplay = K. Devanarayanan A. S. Rajagopal
| story = M. B. Chellappan Nair
| based_on =
| starring = G. Muthukrishnan [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] 'Pollachi' Kamala
| narrator =
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]] [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
| cinematography = N. C. Balakrishnan
| editing = V. S. Rajan
| studio = K. R. K. Productions
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1954|08|05|ref1=}}
| runtime = 162 mins.
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Kanavu''''' ({{translation|Dream}}) is a 1954 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by P. V. Krishnan. The film stars G. Muthukrishnan and [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]]. It was released on 5 August 1954.<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1954 – கனவு – கே.ஆர்.கே. புரொடக்சன்ஸ் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails8.asp |url-status=usurped |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil |access-date=26 June 2017 |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170626011718/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails8.asp }}</ref>

== Cast ==
List adapted from the database of [[Film News Anandan]].<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />
{{Col-begin|width=65%}}
{{Col-2}}
;Male cast
*''Valayapathi'' G. Muthukrishnan
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
*[[R. Balasubramaniam]]
*S. S. Sivasooriyan
*V. Selvam
{{Col-2}}
;Female cast
*[[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]]
*''Pollachi'' Kamala
*M. K. Lakshmi
*A. Shanthi
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was produced and directed by P. V. Krishnan under the banner ''K. R. K. Productions''. M. B. Chellappan Nair wrote the story while K. Devanarayanan and A. S. Rajagopal wrote the dialogues. Cinematography was handled by N. C. Balakrishnan and editing was done by V. S. Rajan. Ammaiyappan was in charge of art direction. Hiralal, Kumar and Balaraman handled the choreography. Still photography was done by Venkatachary. The film was processed at Vikram laboratory.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]] and [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=68 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist
|-
| "Kannaana Thaai Naadae" || rowspan=2|[[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]|| rowspan="5" |[[A. Maruthakasi]]
|-
| "Eliyorku Suga Vaazhvu Yedhu"
|-
| "Annaale Nannaal" || rowspan=2|[[Jikki]]
|-
| "Karuvande Katti Karkande"
|-
| "Paedhai Naan Anaadhaiyaayi" ||
|-
| "Engume Thai Pongal" || M. L. Vasanthakumari & group || rowspan=4|A. S. Rajagopal
|-
| "Thandhaka Thaganaka" || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
| "Pala Pala Pakkaa Thirudan Naan" || rowspan=2|V. P. Balaraman
|-
| "Thri Logamum Pugazhum Sundara"
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1954 Indian films]]
[[Category:1954 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1954 drama films]]
[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Raithu Bidda (1971 film)

2026-03-03T21:44:35Z

Teamaksharhospital: new a entry added tags.

{{about||the social problem film directed by Gudavalli Ramabrahmam|Raithu Bidda}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raithu Bidda
| image = Raitu Bidda (1971 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Pinisetti {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = G. Balasubrahmanyam
| screenplay = B. A. Subba Rao
| producer = Kotla Venkata Ramayya
| director = [[B. A. Subba Rao]]
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Vanisri]]
| music = S. Hanumantha Rao
| cinematography = J. Satyanarayana
| editing = Marthand
| studio = Lakshmi Kala Films<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Nq0-dlGsm4 |title=Raitu Bidda (Overview) |work=Youtube}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1971|5|19}}
| runtime = 172 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Raithu Bidda''''' ({{translation}} Son of the farmer/soil) is a 1971 Indian [[Telugu-language]] [[drama film]] directed by [[B. A. Subba Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmiclub.com/movie/raithu-bidda-1971-telugu-movie |title=Raitu Bidda (Direction) |work=Filmiclub}}</ref> It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Vanisri]], and the soundtrack was composed by S. Hanumantha Rao.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/8497?ed=Tolly |title=Raitu Bidda (Review) |work=The Cine Bay}}</ref> It was produced by Kotla Venkata Ramayya under the Lakshmi Kala Films banner.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raitu Bidda (Banner) |url=http://telugumoviepedia.com/movie/cast/1392/raithubidda-cast.html |work=Chitr.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins in a village where a Zamindar late, Jagapati Rao, splices Lakshmi Devi after the death of his wife. Ramu, a valiant progeny of the first devoted to Lakshmi Devi, coddles his half-brother, Prasad. Plus, he takes care of family tasks and toils to ameliorate the lifestyles of the destitute. Besides, Bhushaiah, a vitriolic loan shark, is a tyrant, and Ramu impedes his enormities where animosity arises. Meanwhile, Shanta, a schoolteacher, plugs away to civilize the public. Ramu & Shanta mutually admire their ideologies and fall in love. Shanta lives with her father, Dharmaiah, a bucolic, and sister, Sarada. Pullaiah, the husband of Sarada, is a forthright used to thwart Bhushaiah. So, he postured him as an impostor, which Dharmaiah also believed, and he was ostracized.

Meanwhile, Prasad crushes on Radha, the benevolent daughter of Bhushaiah. Being conscious of it, Ramu proceeds to fix up the match for the ardor of his brother: Whereat, Bhushaiah ruses for a share of joint assets, which Lakshmi Devi denies. Hence, Prasad approaches Panchayati owing to Bhushayya's vitiate. Ergo, Ramu abandons the totality to Prasad and pledges celibacy due to his heir staying away from claiming the share tomorrow, which Shanta also respects. Following, Ramu exits the house, resides with peasants, and forms an association of combined farming with the aid of Shanta. Here, infuriated Bhushaiah intrigues by incriminating Ramu for a heist of society amount, but Lakshmi acquits him by retrieving it. At this point, everyone denounces Ramu, which makes him quit the village. In between, he encounters Pullaiah when the two mingle to check Bhushaiah's trespass. Aside from that, Bhushaiah molds Prasad as a tippler backstab, snatching his property and opting to auction it. He also conspires to knit Shanta in return for Dharmaiah's debt. Ramu ceases Bhushaiah and shields Shanta with their family's prestige in various disguises. At last, Prasad requests Ramu to take back his oath. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Ramu & Shanta.

==Cast==
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Ramu
*[[Vanisri]] as Santha
*[[Jaggayya]] as Prasad
*[[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] as Pullayya
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Bhushayya
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Seshayya
*[[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] as Yellayya
*[[Sreedhar Surapaneni|Sridhar]] as District Collector
*Ch. Krishna Murthy as Dharmayya
*[[Santha Kumari]] as Lakshmi Devi
*[[Chaya Devi]] as Sundaramma
*Anuradha as Radha
*Prasanna Rani as Sarada

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Raitu Bidda
| type = film
| artist = S. Hanumantha Rao
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1971
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 36:45
| label =
| producer = S. Hanumantha Rao
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music was composed by [[S. Hanumantha Rao]].
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Devudu Srushtinchaadu Lokaalu"
|[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|4:12
|-
|2
|"A Amma Aa Aavu"
|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|4:12
|-
|3
|"A Anuragam Aa Aanandam"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela
|3:31
|-
|4
|"Virisina Marumalli"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], P. Susheela
|4:00
|-
|5
|"Addaretiri Niddara Podduna"
|Kosaraju
|[[Madhavapeddi Satyam|Madhavapeddi]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
|4:14
|-
|6
|"Raite Rajyam Elaali"
|Kosaraju
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela
|4:28
|-
|7
|"Manishini Nammite"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|Joshi
|2:53
|-
|8
|"Raju Rani"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Madhavpeddi, L. R. Eswari
|9:15
|}

==References==
<references />

[[Category:1971 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1971 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. Hanumantha Rao]]

Simhapuri Simham

2026-03-03T20:17:20Z

Teamaksharhospital: added info

{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Simhapuri Simham
| image = Simhapuri Simham.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]
| producer =
| writer =
| starring = [[Chiranjeevi]] [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] [[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]]
| music = [[J. V. Raghavulu]]
| cinematography = Prasad Babu
| editing = K. Balu
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1983|10|20}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| budget =
}}
'''''Simhapuri Simham''''' ({{translation|The lion of [[Nellore|Simhapuri]]}}) is a 1983 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film directed by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]. The film stars [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] and [[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]] in important roles.

==Plot==

{{No plot|date=February 2019}}

==Cast==
*Chiranjeevi as Rajashekaram & Vijay (dual role)
*Radhika as Rajashekaram's wife
*Madhavi as Vijay's girlfriend
*Gollapudi Maruthirao as brother of Rajashekaram

== Soundtrack ==

The soundtrack was composed by [[J. V. Raghavulu]] while the lyrics were written by [[C. Narayana Reddy]] and [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://open.spotify.com/album/2kEU1D4U4cjnfzItaQpLIl | website = [[Spotify]] | title = Simhapuri Simham | accessdate = 27 December 2020}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:04

| title1 = Chilipithanam Theegalle
| lyrics1 = [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 4:12

| title2 = Jigi Jigi Jimmadi
| lyrics2 = [[C. Narayana Reddy]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length2 = 4:31

| title3 = Kadhalandi Kadilinchandi
| lyrics3 = C. Narayana Reddy
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 = 3:47

| title4 = College Ammayilu
| lyrics4 = C. Narayana Reddy
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
| length4 = 4:22

| title5 = Ekkadundhira Nyayam
| lyrics5 = C. Narayana Reddy
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 3:18

| title6 = Burrakadha
| lyrics6 = C. Narayana Reddy
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length6 = 4:51
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0246234|title=Simhapuri Simham}}

{{Kodi Ramakrishna}}

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kodi Ramakrishna]]
[[Category:Films scored by J. V. Raghavulu]]

{{1980s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Thunderbolt (1947 film)

2026-02-25T12:59:58Z

Teamaksharhospital: improved page and corrected details for accuracy

{{short description|1947 film by John Sturges, William Wyler}}
{{italic title}}{{Infobox film
| name = Thunderbolt
| image = Thunderbolt (1947 film) poster.jpg
| caption = Original theatrical poster
| director = {{Plain list|
* Lt Col [[William Wyler]]
* Capt [[John Sturges]]
}}
| writer = M/Sgt [[Lester Koenig]]
| editing = {{Plain list|
* Lt Col William Wyler
* Capt John Sturges
}}
| narrator = {{Plain list|
* [[Lloyd Bridges]]
* [[Eugene Kern]]
* [[James Stewart]] (prologue)
}}
| music = Cpl [[Gail Kubik]]
| producer = [[U.S. Army Air Forces]]
| studio ={{Plain list|
* Carl Krueger Productions
* U.S. War Department
}}
| distributor = [[Monogram Pictures]]
| released = {{film date|1947|07|26|US}}
| runtime = 44 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| color_process = [[Technicolor]]
}}

'''''Thunderbolt''''' is a 1947 film directed by [[William Wyler]] and [[John Sturges]] which documented the American aerial operations of [[Operation Strangle (World War II)|Operation Strangle]] in [[World War II]], when flyers of the [[Twelfth Air Force]] based on [[Corsica]] successfully impeded [[Axis powers|Axis]] supply lines to the [[Winter Line|Gustav Line]] and [[Operation Shingle|Anzio]] beachhead. The film was originally shot in [[16 mm film|16mm]] color by members of the [[United States Army Air Forces|Army Air Forces]]. The 12th Combat Camera Unit recorded the combat footage using cameras mounted on some of the [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt|P-47]]s and a [[North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25]] medium bomber equipped as a camera ship to accompany the fighters.

Narrated by [[Lloyd Bridges]] and Eugene Kern, ''Thunderbolt!'' purports to follow a [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt|P-47 Thunderbolt]] squadron of the group through an interdiction mission from the time they wake up to their return to base afterwards with one aircraft missing.{{#tag:ref|Kern was also the principal narrator of ''[[Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress]]''. Gabriel Miller lists him as the sole narrator of ''Thunderbolt'', while the [[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]] lists both.|group=Note}} The directors edited their footage to recreate a mission against an unidentified target in northern Italy that resembles that of a May 1, 1944, mission against a railroad tunnel at [[Rignano sull'Arno]], [[Italy]], in which Lt. Col. [[Gilbert O. Wymond Jr.]] was awarded the [[Silver Star]] for destroying an ammunition dump concealed in a house near [[Siena]] and incurred severe damage to his P-47, ''Hun Hunter XIV''. Wymond appears prominently with his P-47 throughout the documentary.

Directors Wyler and Sturges, serving as officers in the AAF, were attached to the 12th CCU during the period it filmed the activities of the [[57th Operations Group|57th Fighter Group]]. Wyler used his association as a "passport" to visit many areas of liberated Europe after the completion of the initial shooting.<ref>Orriss 1984, p. 129.</ref>

Although shown to the press late in 1945, ''Thunderbolt!'' was not generally released until 1947 by [[Monogram Pictures]], and was re-released in 1950 during the [[Korean War]]. Half of the 1947 profits from the film's release went to the [[Air Force Aid Society|Army Air Force Relief Society]] and the [[United States Treasury]]. The introduction to the film by [[James Stewart]] was filmed in late January 1947. Stewart had commanded a bomber wing as a colonel during the war.<ref name=tcmnotes>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905185450/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/498838/Thunderbolt/#notes "Notes: 'Thunderbolt!'."] ''[[TCM.com]]''. Retrieved: March 26, 2017.</ref>{{TOC limit|limit=2}}

==Synopsis==
''Thunderbolt'' opens with an introduction by [[James Stewart]], who remarks that 1944 has become "ancient history", but reads a message from postwar [[United States Army Air Forces|Army Air Forces]] commander General [[Carl Andrew Spaatz|Carl Spaatz]] that, even though the units in the picture happen to be American, the mission depicted could easily have been an [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] mission, and indeed belongs to all people who desire freedom.

Some of the [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt]] aircraft were modified with cameras: a pair mounted in the cockpit behind the pilot to film both ahead and behind the aircraft, under the wing, in the wheel well of the landing gear, on the instrument panel to film the pilot, or in the guns, synchronized to film when the guns fired.{{#tag:ref|The gun cameras were known in AAF vernacular as GSAPs, or Gun Sight Aiming Point cameras. Manufactured by [[Fairchild Camera and Instrument]], the (1944) AN-N6 GSAP was automatic and mounted on all AAF fighters, not just those depicted in ''Thunderbolt''. Each GSAP was a heated, 24 volt electrically-driven camera loaded with a 50-foot Type G 16mm [[Kodachrome]] film magazine, and its [[Wollensak]] V 35mm f/3.5 lens was set at infinity. The GSAP was linked to the same solenoid that fired the guns and was activated for a pre-set interval within 1/8 of a second after trigger pull. Vibration from the firing guns often caused fuzzy images.<ref>Maslowski 1998, p. 167.</ref>|group=Note}}

The storyline of ''Thunderbolt'' begins by showing desolate areas of Italy in March 1944, noting that this was the fulfillment of the promise of [[Fascism]], an idea dedicated to the proposition that some men are meant to be the slaves of others. The film next brings the audience to Alto Air Base, [[Corsica]], introducing us to members of the [[65th Aggressor Squadron|65th Fighter Squadron]] and explains the objectives of Operation Strangle by way of an after-breakfast briefing that merges into an animated map of Italy showing the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] stuck at the [[Winter Line|Gustav line]], and the mission to cut off the supply lines by destroying bridges and roads in [[Northern Italy]].{{#tag:ref|The 57th FG had moved here from the Italian mainland on March 28, 1944, specifically for Operation Strangle. |group=Note}}

The film then follows the pilots led by their young squadron commander through the tense moments before the flight, identifies them by name as they take off in pairs, and observes their journey to the mainland while flying in formation. The pilots are shown finding and destroying their target, a bridge, then carrying out independent [[strafing]] of [[target of opportunity|targets of opportunity]], seeking trains, lighthouses, anything that could be used by the enemy, and destroying it.

When the pilots return, the film shows how they try to relax in the makeshift American community in Corsica. It also takes a melancholy look into how some of them are getting along emotionally, thinking of what else they could be doing with "the best years of their lives." Additionally, the film graphically and unflinchingly portrays the tragic outcomes of P-47 crashes.

''Thunderbolt'' ends with the Allied forces liberating [[Rome]] on June 4, 1944. The narrators note that it is the "evening" of the mission in Corsica, but not the end of the war. At the end of the film, the words "THE END" appear, followed by a red question mark.

==Production==
Following the success of his documentary, ''[[Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress]]'', filmed in the first half of 1943, Wyler returned to Europe with a team consisting of Sturges and screenwriter [[Lester Koenig]]. He arrived in Rome shortly after its liberation in June 1944, followed by the rest of the team a few days later, focusing on Operation Strangle at the suggestion of General [[Henry H. Arnold]]. They attached themselves to the 12th CCU, where Wyler recruited former wildlife photographer Sgt. Karl H. Maslowski into his team as cinematographer. In July, they flew to Alto Landing Ground on northeast Corsica, the base of the 57th FG.<ref name="koz">Kozloff 1998, pp. 460–461.</ref> 57th Group commander Col. Archie J. Knight acted as technical adviser for the production.<ref>Molesworth 2011, p. 99.</ref>{{#tag:ref| Maslowski, from [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], entered the AAF at the age of 28 and was assigned to the [[First Motion Picture Unit]], where his supervisor was Capt. [[Ronald Reagan]]. Feeling his camera skills were being underused, he requested a transfer to a combat zone. He was sent to Corsica where he understudied production with Wyler in addition to his camera duties. Following the war Maslowski became a freelance producer of conservation and wildlife documentaries, both for government organizations such as the [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources|Ohio Division of Wildlife]] and corporations such as [[Standard Oil of Ohio|Sohio]]. He also provided narratives for films produced by the [[National Audubon Society]] and the [[National Geographic Society]].|group=Note}}{{#tag:ref|Peter Maslowski who wrote ''Armed With Cameras: The American Military Photographers of World War II'' is the son of Karl H. Maslowski.|group=Note}}

Wyler often followed front line ground units in Italy during the project period, filming from the ground battle damage inflicted by the aircraft, but Sturges and the remainder of the team stayed with the 57th FG, filming its combat missions, until September 1944.<ref>Miller 2013, p. 234.</ref> Wyler and most of the 12th CCU had just gone to Southern France in an attempt to film the fighter-bomber attacks from the ground when the unit was ordered to return to the United States by Headquarters AAF; it had been in combat nearly two years. Maslowski was transferred to the 9th CCU and Wyler used its cameramen to try to complete the assignment, but the weather proved too poor for color photography and only more footage of damage on the ground was obtained.<ref>Maslowski 1998, pp. 185–186.</ref>

Wyler and Sturges flew to London in October to edit the film and have it processed into [[35mm movie film|35mm]] by [[Technicolor]] at the [[Eastman Kodak]] labs. They found that only 1% of the footage from the cameras mounted in the P-47s was usable.<ref name="percent">Miller 2013, p. 237.</ref> The further delay in editing meant Sturges and Koenig returned to Hollywood to continue editing raw footage and write the narration script.<ref>Miller 2013, pp. 234–235.</ref> Wyler remained in Europe touring captured areas and in March 1945 decided to make one last flight in the B-25 to film more "atmosphere shots."<ref>Miller 2013, p. 235.</ref>

Returning to [[Grosseto Airport|Grosseto Air Field]] in [[Tuscany]] after the flight, Wyler found he could not hear and had difficulty in maintaining his balance. He had suffered total deafness as a result of nerve damage in the noisy unpressurized aircraft, and was returned to the United States on April 10, 1945 for hospitalization.{{#tag:ref|The 57th FG had redeployed to Grosseto Air Field from Corsica on September 11, 1944.|group=Note}} The 57th FG had moved here from the Italian mainland on March 28, 1944, specifically for Operation Strangle. Shortly after he was released from the Army.

Before ''Thunderbolt'' could be edited, when the war in Europe ended, the project was shelved and Wyler found little interest, even in the AAF, for completing the film. Nevertheless, he felt that the film should be seen by "the people that paid for it."

==Reception==
At the end of the war, Wyler conducted an unsuccessful letter-writing campaign trying to find a distributor for ''Thunderbolt''. Recovering part of the hearing in his left ear, Wyler completed the film and attempted to drum up support for its release by showing it to Hollywood trade publications in October 1945.<ref name="percent"/> However, the continued lack of interest kept the film from being released theatrically until July 1947 when Monogram Pictures distributed it, donating a quarter of the profits to the Army Air Force Relief Society and returning another quarter to the U.S. government.<ref name="percent"/><ref>Kozloff 1998, p. 461.</ref>

''Thunderbolt'' was critically reviewed by [[Bosley Crowther]] in the October 27, 1947 edition of ''[[The New York Times]]''. He noted: "The employment of tactical air power in support of ground troops is thrillingly demonstrated in 'Thunderbolt!' ... [the film] graphically describes the use of air power while giving a vivid portrayal of how fighter pilots lived, fought and died."<ref>Orriss 1984, p. 131.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Allied propaganda films of World War II]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Kozloff, Sarah. [http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic897925.files/Kozloff%20on%20Wyler%20and%20WW%20II.pdf "Wyler's Wars"], ''Film History'', Vol. 20, John Libbey Publishing (Indiana University Press), 1998. {{ISSN|0892-2160}}.
* Maslowski, Peter. ''Armed With Cameras: The American Military Photographers of World War II''. New York: The Free Press, 1998. {{ISBN|978-0-02-920265-4}}.
* Miller, Gabriel. ''William Wyler: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Most Celebrated Director''. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-8131-4209-8}}.
* Molesworth, Carl. ''57th Fighter Group: First in the Blue''. London: Osprey Press, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-8490-8337-9}}.
* Orriss, Bruce. ''When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Film Classics of World War II''. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984. {{ISBN|0-9613088-0-X}}.
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0038171}}
* {{TCMDb title|498838}}
* {{Internet Archive film|id=thunderbolt|name=Thunderbolt}}

{{William Wyler}}
{{John Sturges}}

[[Category:1947 films]]
[[Category:American World War II propaganda films]]
[[Category:Documentary films about military aviation]]
[[Category:Films directed by John Sturges]]
[[Category:Films directed by William Wyler]]
[[Category:Films set in 1944]]
[[Category:Italian campaign (World War II)]]
[[Category:Monogram Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films about the United States Army Air Forces]]
[[Category:Films about the Italian campaign (World War II)]]
[[Category:1947 documentary films]]
[[Category:American documentary films]]
[[Category:1947 English-language films]]
[[Category:English-language documentary films]]
[[Category:English-language war films]]
[[Category:1940s color films]]

Shakuntala Choudhary

2026-02-23T21:49:33Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting a entry basic info!

{{Short description|Indian social worker (1920–2022)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shakuntala Choudhary
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Shakuntala Choudhary
| birth_date = 25 June 1920
| birth_place = [[Assam]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 20 February 2022 (aged 101)
| death_place = Assam, India
| other_names = Shakunthala Baideo
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Social worker]]|[[Gandhian]]}}
| known_for = Promoting Gandhian ideals, Social work, [[Bhoodan Movement]]
| organization = Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust (KGNMT)
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2022) [[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]] (2010)
}}
'''Shakuntala Choudhary''' (25 June 1920 – 20 February 2022), also known as '''Shakunthala Baideo''',<ref name="PadmaShri2022Images"/> was an Indian social worker. Born in [[Assam]], [[British Raj]], she was known for her commitment and devotion to the popularization of the Gandhian way of life.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shivani Avasthi |title=शकुंतला चौधरी का जीवन परिचय: 102 साल की समाजसेविका को मिला पद्मश्री, जानिए महात्मा गांधी और विनोबा भावे से नाता |url=https://www.amarujala.com/shakti/padma-shri-shakuntala-choudhary-biography-in-hindi-102-year-old-assam-social-worker-shakuntala-chaudhary?pageId=1 |website=Amar Ujala |publisher=Amar Ujala Ltd |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=PTI |title=Assam: Eminent Gandhian Shakuntala Choudhary turns 100 |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/1106174-assam-eminent-gandhian-shakuntala-choudhary-turns-100 |website=DevDiscourse |publisher=VisionRI |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref>

==Biography==
In 1947, at age 26, Choudhary joined the Assam branch of the [[Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust]] (KGNMT) and continued her association with the Trust for the rest of her life. The Assam Branch of the Trust is located at South Sarania Hills of [[Guwahati]]. This branch of the Trust, known as the Kasturba Ashram or the Sarania Ashram, was inaugurated by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] on 9 January 1946.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Guwahati Plus |title= Guwahati Gyan: Kasturba Ashram, Sarania|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/guwahati-gyan-kasturba-ashram-sarania |website=Guwahati Plus |publisher=G Plus |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref>

After her education at [[Handique Girls College]], Guwahati, where she was a student of the batch of students,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=The Assam Tribune News Service |title=Shakuntala Choudhary feted by Handique Girls' College|journal=The Assam Tribune |date=15 September 2020 |url=https://assamtribune.com/shakuntala-choudhary-feted-by-handique-girls-college |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> Shakuntala Choudhary became a teacher at Guwahati's TC School. While serving as teacher in the school, she came into contact with [[Amalprava Das]], a devout Gandhian, whose father had donated his Sarania Hills property for setting up the ashram. As requested by Das, Chowdhary joined the Ashram and helped run the Gram Sevika Vidyalaya and manage the Assam Branch of KGNMT. She became the office secretary of the Trust branch and simultaneously worked as a teacher at the TC School. Choudhary succeeded Das as KGNMT's head in 1955 and continued in that position for 20 years witnessing many developments like the Chinese aggression, the Tibetan refugee crisis, the language stir of 1960. During this period, Shakuntala Choudhary organized Shanti Sena activities on the international borders.<ref name="Trending"/>

==Association with Vinoba Bhave==
Shakuntala Choudhary was closely associated with [[Vinoba Bhave]], who was the initiator of the [[Bhoodan Movement]]. She travelled with him into the interiors of Assam, translating his lectures from [[Hindi]] to [[Assamese (language)|Assamese]] and leading the Maitri Ashram on the Assam Arunachal border, which he founded.<ref name="Bajaj">{{cite web |title=MS. SHAKUNTALADEVI CHOUDHARY Recipient of the Award for Development and Welfare of Women and Children - 2010 |url=https://www.jamnalalbajajawards.org/Media/pdf/JBA_2010_Bio_Shakuntaladevi_Choudhary(1).pdf |website=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards |publisher=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> She was an active participant in the year-and-half-long [[Padayatra]] undertaken by Vinoba Bhave in Assam during the last leg of his Bhoodan movement.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} In 1973, Vino Bhave entrusted Choudhary to organize the Padayatra in Assam as a part of the nationwide program organized by Bhave.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

At Vinoba Bhave's instance, who was interested in promoting [[Devanagari]] script among different linguistic groups, Shakuntala Choudhary started a monthly magazine "Asomiya Vishwa Nagari" in Devanagari script, which she edited for many years. The magazine is still published, highlighting Gandhian ideals, thoughts, and spirituality. Choudhary was also associated with of the "Ban Cow Slaughter Satyagraha" started by Vinoba Bhave in 1978.<ref name="Trending">{{cite news |last1=Staff Reporter |title=Shakuntala Chowdhury – Padmashri Award Winner 2022 |url=https://trendingbangla.in/en/shakuntala-chowdhury-padmashri-award-winner-2022/ |access-date=20 February 2022 |publisher=Trending Bangla |date=30 January 2022 |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220004035/https://trendingbangla.in/en/shakuntala-chowdhury-padmashri-award-winner-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Choudhary died on 20 February 2022, at the age of 101.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shakuntala Choudhary Died: প্ৰখ্যাত সমাজসেৱিকা পদ্মশ্ৰী শকুন্তলা চৌধাৰী আৰু নাই, ১০২ বছৰ বয়সত দেহাৱসান |url=https://assam.news18.com/news/assam/guwahati-gandhian-leader-padmashree-shakuntala-choudhary-passed-away-at-102-years-age-manju-b-198715.html |access-date=20 February 2022 |publisher=Assam News 18 |date=20 February 2022}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
*[[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]] in 2010 for the Development and Welfare of Women And Children<ref name="Bajaj"/>
*In 2022, the Government of India conferred the [[Padma Shri]] award, the third highest award in the Padma series of awards, on Shakuntala Choudhary for her distinguished service in the field of social work.<ref name="PadmaShri2022">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2022 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/padmaawardees2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125143803/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/padmaawardees2022.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2022 |url-status=live|website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> The award is in recognition of her service as a "102 year old Gandhian social worker from Kamrup".<ref name="PadmaShri2022Images">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2022 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/AwardeeTickets2022.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129172910/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/AwardeeTickets2022.aspx |archive-date=29 January 2022 |url-status=live|website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Shakuntala}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:People from Assam]]
[[Category:People from Guwahati]]
[[Category:People from Kamrup district]]
[[Category:Indian women centenarians]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]

Contai

2026-02-19T09:21:39Z

Teamaksharhospital: corrected section after review and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{About|the city in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake community development block|Contai I|2 another namesake community development block|Contai III}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Contai
| other_name = Kanthi
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Contai railway station|Contai Railway Station]]
| nickname = Coastal City
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.78|N|87.75|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Midnapore East]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1958
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = Contai Municipality
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Manasi Panda
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Contai Municipality}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 14
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 6
| population_total = 92,226
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 4492
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Medinipur
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721401
| area_code = 91-3220
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = WB-31-xxxx, WB-32-xxxx
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Contai]]
| website = {{URL|contaimunicipality.org.in/}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Contai South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Contai South]]
| official_name = Contai Municipality
| subdivision_type3 = [[Subdivision (India)|Sub Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Contai subdivision]]
}}

'''Contai''', also known as '''Kanthi''' ({{IPA|bn|kañtʰi}}),<ref>[https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/no-maintenance-in-heritage-building-1.444530 Etymology of Kanthi]</ref> is a coastal and subdivisional city and a municipality in East Midnapore district, [[West Bengal]], India. It is the headquarters of the [[Contai subdivision]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subdivision & Blocks {{!}} Purba Medinipur {{!}} India |url=https://purbamedinipur.gov.in/subdivision-blocks/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Etymology==
In the 5th century, during the visit of [[Faxian|Fa-Hien]], Contai was uninhabited and had no name for the outside world. In Valentine's{{Who|date=October 2018}} travelogue, a harbour, Petua by name, was mentioned. This harbour was on the bank of the river Rasulpur, a short distance from the Rasulpur estuary. Later the harbour was shifted to the present site of the Contai Town. However, it is said, the name of the abandoned port was retained for its new location, In foreigners tongue, Petua is said to have changed first to Cauntee and finally to Contai, whereas in local tongue it has changed to Kanthi (কাঁথি).{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

According to the geologists, the present geographical dimension of Contai came into existence with the great natural disaster of the third century AD (flood), which created [[Chilka lake]] out of the Chilka Bay. ''Kanthi'', that is ''Contai'', means "sand-bound reefs" or sand walls. The name ''Contai'' may thus be an English expression of the local jargon meaning "sand heaps".<ref>{{Cite web |title=.:: Legacy of Midnapore - Contai ::. |url=https://www.midnapore.in/town_contai.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www.midnapore.in}}</ref>

But linguists raise serious doubts about such change of pronunciation. They offer other suggestions. Yogesh Chandra Sarkar thinks that the name Kanthi owes its origin to outstretched sand-dune, about 27 miles from Rasulpur estuary to Peeplipattan, that from the sea looked like a long wall or Kanth (কাঁথি) as it is called by local people. Some suggest that the name may originate from the custom of local people to build long walls or Kanths around their habitation in order to keep off wild beasts like buffaloes, tigers and rhinoceroses that were found in abundance then and these Kanths gave the place its name.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

== History ==
[[File:NimaK_Mahal,_a_heritage_building_established_by_Salt_agent_of_East_India_Company_in_Contai_10.jpg|thumb|NimaK Mahal, the heritage former administrative building in Contai established by East India Company]]
In 1243, Contai was the site of the [[Battle of Katasin]], in which [[Narasingha Deva I]] of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] defeated [[Tughral Tughan Khan]], the Bengal governor of the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty of Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate |edition=2nd |editor=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |year=1960 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=70}}</ref> Contai was later a part of the [[Hijli Kingdom]], a tributary state of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] ruled by the Hindu king Gopinath Pattanayak. In 1852 the [[East India Company]] of British India announced Contai as a Sub-Division consisting of six police stations - Contai, Khejuri, Ramnagar, Bhagwanpur, Egra and Patashpur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=গুহ |first=সুব্রত |title=ঐতিহ্যের নিমকমহলে এখন সাপ-বাদুড়ের বাস |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/no-maintenance-in-heritage-building-1.444530 |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref> But the Government continued working from Negua. The Sub-Division that covered {{convert|912|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} was the second largest in Bengal .In 1863 when ''Nimak Mahal'' (the salt factory and business center) at Contai, in the teeth of a serious crisis, ceased functioning, the Sub-Divisional office was shifted from Negua to the abandoned Nimak Mahal building.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=ঐতিহাসিক ‘নিমকমহল’কে হেরিটেজ ঘোষণার দাবি |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/people-of-kanthi-demanded-to-tag-nimak-mahal-as-heritage-building-1.1189103 |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bartaman Patrika |url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/detailNews.php?cID=74&nID=343733&P=1&nPID=20220120 |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=bartamanpatrika.com}}</ref>

[[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee|Bankim Chandra Chottopadhyay]], the precursor of Bengali novel, worked as the Deputy Magistrate of Contai, though for a short period, from January 1860 to November of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.:: Legacy of Midnapore - Contai ::. |url=https://www.midnapore.in/town_contai.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www.midnapore.in}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|21|48|0|N|87|42|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, S: port, sea-beach Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|21|49|50|N|87|47|30|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1=Basantia | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Basantia]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|21|46|28|N|87|45|0|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Contai | numbered2=M| mark-title2= Contai (M)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black 
|mark-coord3={{coord|21|38|0|N|87|31|29|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3=Khadalgobra | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Khadalgobra]] (CT)|shape-color3=#C40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|21|38|18|N|87|30|34|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Digha| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Digha]] (R)|shape-color4=#C40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|21|40|28|N|87|33|33|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Ramnagar| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color5=#C40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|21|51|10|N|87|44|36|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Marishda| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Marishda]] (R)|shape-color6=#C40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|0|2|N|87|43|41|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Bhupatinagar| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Bhupatinagar]] (R)|shape-color7=#C40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|21|46|32|N|87|40|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Majna| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Majna]] (R)|shape-color8=#C40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|21|52|15|N|87|57|2|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Khejuri| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Khejuri]] (R)|shape-color9=#C40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|21|52|5|N|87|43|52|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Kamarda| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kamarda]] (R)|shape-color10=#C40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|21|51|20|N|87|54|5|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Janka| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Janka, Contai]] (R)|shape-color11=#C40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|21|40|46|N|87|35|24|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Bara Bankuya| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Bara Bankuya]] (R)|shape-color12=#C40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|21|49|30|N|87|49|55|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Dholmari| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Dholmari]] (R)|shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|21|54|52|N|87|55|35|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Baratala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Baratala]] (R)|shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|21|48|38|N|87|46|36|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Durmut| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Durmut]] (R)|shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|21|43|59|N|87|32|52|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Depal| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Depal]] (R)|shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|21|50|28|N|87|54|5|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Silaberia| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Silaberia]] (R)|shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|21|53|44|N|87|45|2|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Kharipukuria| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Kharipukuria]] (R)|shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|21|36|50|N|87|30|0|E}} | label-pos19=bottom|label19= New Digha| numbered19=S| mark-title19= [[Digha]] (S)|shape-color19=#0048BA
|mark-coord20={{coord|21|38|15|N|87|34|11|E}} | label-pos20=right|labela20= Shankarpur| numbered20=S| mark-title20= [[Shankarpur]] (S)|shape-color20=#0048BA
|mark-coord21={{coord|21|38|24|N|87|35|20|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Tajpur Port| numbered21=S| mark-title21= [[Tajpur Port]] (S)|shape-color21=#0048BA
|mark-coord22={{coord|21|39|50|N|87|42|46|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Mandarmani| numbered22=S| mark-title22= [[Mandarmani]]|shape-color22=#0048BA
|mark-coord23={{coord|21|43|29|N|87|48|43|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Junput| numbered23=S| mark-title23= [[Junput]]|shape-color23=#0048BA
|mark-coord24={{coord|21|47|41|N|87|53|0|E}} | label-pos24=bottom|label24= Petuaghat |labela24=Fishing Harbour| numbered24=S| mark-title24= [[Petuaghat Fishing Harbour]]|shape-color24=#0048BA
|mark-coord25={{coord|21|52|0|N|87|46|31|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Dihibahiri| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Dihibahiri]] (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|21|47|40|N|87|51|32|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Dariapur| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Dariapur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|21|58|57|N|87|45|50|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Jukhia| numbered27=H| mark-title27= [[Jukhia]] (H)| shape-color27=#AA6666
|arc-coordA={{coord|21.779123|87.42685}}| arc-textA=West Bengal| arc-text-colorA = dark grey| arc-angleA=30| arc-gapA=3.9| arc-radiusA=0.25| arc-text-sizeA=10
|arc-coordB={{coord|21.724123|87.42685}}| arc-textB=Odisha | arc-text-colorB = dark grey| arc-angleB=48| arc-gapB=6.2| arc-radiusB=0.15| arc-text-sizeB=10
|arc-coordC={{coord|21.59565|N|87.7296|E}}| arc-textC= Bay of Bengal | arc-text-colorC = soft blue| arc-angleC=160| arc-gapC=-1.0| arc-radiusC=1.6| arc-text-sizeC=14}}

===Location===
Contai is about 160 km from [[Kolkata]] and 31 km from the beach town [[Digha]].

===Climate===
Contai receives heavy rains during monsoon. Winters are not that severe. Summers are average and cooler than that of northern India.

{{Weather box
| location = Contai (1991–2020, extremes 1948–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 32.5
| Feb record high C = 37.2
| Mar record high C = 40.2
| Apr record high C = 43.8
| May record high C = 43.6
| Jun record high C = 43.6
| Jul record high C = 39.2
| Aug record high C = 37.3
| Sep record high C = 37.8
| Oct record high C = 38.4
| Nov record high C = 36.3
| Dec record high C = 33.8
| year record high C =
| Jan high C = 25.0
| Feb high C = 28.5
| Mar high C = 33.0
| Apr high C = 35.3
| May high C = 36.4
| Jun high C = 35.0
| Jul high C = 32.9
| Aug high C = 32.2
| Sep high C = 32.4
| Oct high C = 31.8
| Nov high C = 30.0
| Dec high C = 26.1
| year high C = 31.6
| Jan low C = 12.6
| Feb low C = 16.4
| Mar low C = 21.8
| Apr low C = 24.9
| May low C = 26.6
| Jun low C = 26.4
| Jul low C = 25.7
| Aug low C = 25.4
| Sep low C = 25.2
| Oct low C = 23.4
| Nov low C = 17.7
| Dec low C = 13.3
| year low C = 21.7
| Jan record low C = 6.4
| Feb record low C = 6.9
| Mar record low C = 10.3
| Apr record low C = 16.4
| May record low C = 17.2
| Jun record low C = 13.8
| Jul record low C = 21.3
| Aug record low C = 20.7
| Sep record low C = 21.5
| Oct record low C = 14.9
| Nov record low C = 10.9
| Dec record low C = 7.1
| year record low C = 7.7
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 10.4
| Feb rain mm = 20.4
| Mar rain mm = 30.8
| Apr rain mm = 39.9
| May rain mm = 130.7
| Jun rain mm = 223.2
| Jul rain mm = 360.5
| Aug rain mm = 362.7
| Sep rain mm = 363.9
| Oct rain mm = 189.5
| Nov rain mm = 31.2
| Dec rain mm = 5.4
| year rain mm = 1768.6
| Jan rain days = 0.7
| Feb rain days = 1.1
| Mar rain days = 1.7
| Apr rain days = 2.8
| May rain days = 5.0
| Jun rain days = 9.2
| Jul rain days = 15.5
| Aug rain days = 15.3
| Sep rain days = 12.5
| Oct rain days = 6.0
| Nov rain days = 1.2
| Dec rain days = 0.5
| year rain days = 71.6
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 73
| Feb humidity = 75
| Mar humidity = 71
| Apr humidity = 71
| May humidity = 73
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 76
| Oct humidity = 77
| Nov humidity = 72
| Dec humidity = 71
| year humidity = 73
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Contai Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 205–206
| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M232
| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>
}}

===Urbanisation===
93.55% of the population of Contai subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 6.45% of the population live in the urban areas and it is considerably behind Haldia subdivision in urbanization, where 20.81% of the population live in urban areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 22 April 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]], Contai had a total population of 92,226 of which 49,031 (53%) were males and 43,195 (47%) were females. Population below 6 years was 8,440. The total number of literates in Contai was 78,500 (93.69% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 July 2016}}</ref>

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Contai had a population of 77,497. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Contai has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85% and, female literacy is 78%. In Contai, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Contai (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|79.95}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|19.80}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.25}}
}}
In 2011 census Hindus numbered 73,732 and formed 79.95% of the population in Contai Municipal Area. Muslims numbered 18,263 and formed 19.80% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Municipality |first=Contai |title=Contai Municipality |url=http://www.conatimunicipality.org.in/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Contai Municipality |language=en}}</ref> Others numbered 231 and formed 0.25% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> In 2001, Hindus made up 79.95% and Muslims 19.80% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

==Police stations==
[[File:Contai Subsidiary Correctional Home in Contai, East Medinipur 02.jpg|thumb|Contai Subsidiary Correctional Home]]

[[File:Contai (Kanthi) sub divisional Court 04.jpg|thumb|left|Contai Sub divisional Court]]
Located at the heart of the town, Contai police station has jurisdiction over [[Contai I]] and [[Deshapran (community development block)|Deshapran]] CD Blocks. It covers an area of 370.80 km2 with a population of 382,216.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://emdp.co.in/detailstation/CONTAI | title = Contai PS | publisher = Purba Medinipur District Police | access-date = 10 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161112031725/http://emdp.co.in/detailstation/CONTAI | archive-date = 12 November 2016 | url-status = dead}}</ref> Contai Women police station was opened on 18 March 2012. It has jurisdiction over Contai subdivision.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://emdp.co.in/detailstation/CONTAIWOMEN | title = Contai Women PS | publisher = Purba Medinipur District Police | access-date = 10 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161112031036/http://emdp.co.in/detailstation/CONTAIWOMEN | archive-date = 12 November 2016 | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/women_ps/main.php | title = Existing Women Police Stations along with their jurisdiction and Date of Inauguration | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 10 November 2016 | archive-date = 24 June 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190624024356/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/women_ps/main.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>

== Economy ==
Contai is famous for its [[tourism]], [[cashew]] crop, fishing and processing industries. [[Fishing]] is the predominant high earning business apart from Cashew processing in Contai. Many people are associated with [[Prawn]] cultivation. Processing of dry fish is also practised in certain regions. The cultivation fields are generally outside the main town. [[Paddy field|Paddy]] is the main food crop cultivated in Contai. Cashew processing industry is mainly practised in the areas in and around Majna, a village 5 km off Contai town. It is the second highest paddy producing district in West Bengal. The land is highly fertile and therefore, agriculture is also the major driving force that sustains the middle-class economy of this region. However, sometimes agriculture is affected by frequent floods due to torrential [[monsoon]] rains and [[cyclone]]s formed from depressions in the [[Bay of Bengal]]. A major portion of the towns dwellers are associated with business. Businessmen still form the major number of workforce in the main town. The main bazaar of Contai town is Contai Super Market. Apart from that there are New Market, Raja Bazaar, and unorganized market distributed throughout. Popular tourist attractions like [[Digha]], [[Mandarmani]], [[Junput]], [[Tajpur, West Bengal|Tajpur]], Sankarpur are near the area of Contai Subdivision. Petuaghat, the biggest fishing port of Asia is located near Contai.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

==Transportation==
[[File:Central Bus Terminus - Contai-Digha Bypass - NH 116B Bypass - Contai - East Midnapore 2015-05-01 8612.JPG|thumb|Central Bus Terminus, Conta]]
Contai is well connected by roads/highways with other nearby cities and towns and several important junctions like, [[Digha]], [[Dantan]], [[Jhargram]], [[Kharagpur]], [[Midnapore]], [[Tamluk]], [[Haldia]], [[Howrah]] and [[Kolkata]]. [[Kanthi railway station]] is connected by a rail link to [[Howrah]]/Kolkata which is again extended to [[Digha]]. [[Kandari Express]], [[Tamralipta Express]] and [[Howrah–Digha Super AC Express]] connects Kolkata and Contai. Local trains are available too. Contai is directly connected by rail to [[Asansol]], [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda Town]] and [[Siliguri]] of West Bengal, [[Puri]] of [[Odisha]] and [[Vishakapatnam]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The rail line is believed to have given a rise to the local economy. For local transportation, bus, mini-bus, taxi and much eco-friendly options like [[Electric rickshaw|toto]], autos and [[cycle rickshaw]]s are available.
[[File:Roads in Contai (Kanthi) town, Purba Medinipur 11.jpg|thumb|left|Contai more, Digha Kolkata Highway]]
The opening of Central Central Bus Terminus has eased the traffic congestion within the town to a great deal. The [[National Highway 116B (India)|NH-116B]] from [[Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur|Nandakumar]] to [[Digha]] which passes through Contai was scheduled to get converted to dual road within 2020 thus enabling swifter trade, commerce and tourism.

==Education==
There are a number of well-known schools and colleges in Contai. For higher education, besides the [[Prabhat Kumar College]] under the [[Vidyasagar University]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prabhat Kumar College, Contai::Admission 2019-2020 |url=https://pkcollegecontai.ac.in/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=pkcollegecontai.ac.in}}</ref> there is an Ayurvedic medical college, named Raghunath Ayurved Mahavidyalaya and Hospital; a Government Polytechnic Engineering College named Contai Polytechnic; a private management college, named Contai College of Learning and Management Science; three B.Ed colleges; private ITI colleges and many more. There are plans to upgrade the Contai sub-divisional hospital into a medical college.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

===List of schools in Contai===
*Contai Narayana School (CBSE)
*Contai Public School (ICSE & ISC)
* [[Contai Kshetra Mohan Bidhyabhaban]] (H.S.)
* Safiabad Sital Prasad Vidyamandir (H.S)
* [[Contai High School]] (H.S.)
* [[Contai Model Institution]] (H.S.)
* [[Contai Hindu Girls' School]] (H.S.)
* [[Contai Chandramani Brahmo Girls' School]]
* [[Contai Town Rakhal Chandra Vidyapith]]
* [[Kishorenagar Sachindra Siksha Sadan]]
* [[Kalikapur High School]]
* Contai Rahamania High Madrasha H/S
* Contai Muslim Girls' School
* Contai Sawkatia English Medium High Madrasha School
* Mount Litera Zee School, Contai (CBSE)
* Contai St. Paul's School
* North Point Day School
* Malabika Public School
* Contai Dishari Public School
* Mahishagote Shahid Smriti Vidyamandir

* Sabajput Sambodhi Shikshatirtha
* Nayaputra Sudhir Kumar High School

==Health==
[[File:Contai Subdivisional Hospital Area - Contai - East Midnapore 2016-06-18 4314.JPG|thumb|Contai Subdivisional Hospital Area]]
There are many hospitals in the Contai town; one is the Contai Subdivisional Hospital.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contai.info/hospital.php |title=Contai Sub Divisional Hospital |website=Contai.info |access-date=24 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426085849/http://www.contai.info/hospital.php |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> People of this subdivision depend mainly on this hospital. There are also many private nursing homes.

==Culture==
Among many festivals in Contai, "Gandhi Mela" is the most popular. It is a type of fair. It is held during January/February every year and it continues for 10 or 15 days. Many people from Contai and neighbouring subdivisions take part in "Gandhi Mela" not only for amusement but also for agricultural and industrial exhibitions. There are also some cultural institutions like Contai Bramho Samaj, Contai Harisabha, Contai Club etc. The regular Bengali festivals like [[Durga Puja]], [[Vasant Panchami|Saraswati Puja]] and [[Kali Puja]] are well attended. Other common pujas in the worship of Sitala, Jagaddhatri, [[Holi]], [[Krishna Janmashtami|Janmastami]], Bheema Puja, Viswakarma also takes place. Film productions has newly seen a growth in recent years in this town. Several cultural programmes are frequently organised at the Town Hall. There is also an annual book fair held in the town. Baishakhi mela is another popular fair organised recently by the Contai Nandanik Club. There are frequent T20 tournaments held in winter in the various stadiums of Contai. Muharram Mela and Tajiya demonstration are some popular festivals in Contai observed by Muslims of the region and collectively shared and enjoyed by Hindus and other communities of the region as well. There is a competition held in Darua Karabala maidan for the best decorated Tajiya.

==Arts and crafts==
Contai is famous for {{lang|hi|pital}} (brass), ''kansa silpo'' (tin) and {{lang|bn|madur silpo}} (mat made of a kind of grass).

==Notable people==
* [[Birendranath Sasmal]], nationalist Barrister
* [[Madhusudan Jana]], doctor, journalist, teacher and social worker
* [[Sudhir Chandra Das]], politician
* [[Suvendu Adhikari]], former member of Lok Sabha, former Minister of Govt. of West Bengal
* [[Sisir Adhikari]], member of the Lok Sabha, former Minister of State of Govt. of India
* [[Tuhina Das]], Bengali actress

==Tourist spots==
* Kapalkundala Temple, Dariapur<ref>{{Citation |last=Pinakpani |title=English: Famous Kapalkundala temple, situated at Dariapur, Purba Medinipur |date=2024-01-20 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Famous_Kapalkundala_temple,_situated_at_Dariapur,_Purba_Medinipur_11.jpg |access-date=2024-01-24}}</ref>
* Dariapur Light House
* Nimak Mahal
* Brahmo Samaj, Contai<ref>{{Citation |last=Ganguly |first=Biswarup |title=English: Photographed in Kanthi or Contai, East Midnapore. |date=2016-06-18 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brahmo_Samaj_-_Contai_-_East_Midnapore_2016-06-18_4312.JPG |access-date=2024-01-24}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Junput}}
* [http://www.onlinecontai.com/pages/index.php/ Contai Municipality official website]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20091102074539/http://www.colorsofcontai.com/ Contai Royals-Information about Contai(Developing Now)]}}
* [http://www.purbamedinipur.gov.in/ Purba Medinipur District Official Website]
* [http://www.paschimmedinipur.gov.in/ Paschim Medinipur District Official Website]
* [http://www.midnapore.in/books/books/kanthir-purabritta.jpg books on contai by sunil kumar ghosh]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161225103533/http://www.contai.info/ Contai Information Point, Official site of Contai]
* [http://www.contai.org SDO Contai]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120206014054/http://www.pkcollegecontai.org/ Prabhat Kumar College, Contai]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20191127010526/http://midnapore.in/ Midnapore - Website for East and West Midnapore]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306093332/http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/bengal/midnapore/page4.htm On temples of Midnapur]

{{Purba Medinipur District}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purba Medinipur topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]

Qasida

2026-02-18T17:46:39Z

Teamaksharhospital: new new stub initial version.

{{Short description|Form of Arabic poetry}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2014}}
{{Arab culture}}
The '''qaṣīda''' (also spelled ''qaṣīdah''; plural ''qaṣā’id'') is an ancient Arabic word and form of [[poetry]], often translated as [[ode]]. The qasida originated in [[pre-Islamic Arabic poetry]] and passed into non-Arabic cultures after the [[Spread of Islam|Arab Muslim expansion]].<ref name=Brittannica>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/qasidah |title=qaṣīdah. poetic form |first=Kathleen |last=Kuiper |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=britannica.com |quote=Qaṣīdah, poetic form developed in pre-Islamic Arabia and perpetuated throughout Islamic literary history into the present. It is a laudatory, elegiac, or satiric poem that is found in Arabic, Persian, and many related Asian literatures.}}</ref>

The word ''qasida'' is originally an Arabic word ({{lang|ar|قصيدة}}, plural ''qaṣā’id'', {{lang|ar|قصائد}}), and is still used throughout the Arabic-speaking world; it was borrowed into some other languages such as {{langx|fa|قصیده}} (alongside {{lang|fa|چكامه}}, ''chakameh''), and {{langx|tr|kaside}}.

The classic form of qasida maintains both [[monometer]], a single elaborate [[meter (poetry)|meter]] throughout the poem, and [[monorhyme]], where every line rhymes on the same sound<ref name="auto">Akiko Motoyoshi Sumi, ''Description in Classical Arabic Poetry: ''Waṣf'', Ekphrasis, and Interarts Theory'', Brill Studies in Middle Eastern literatures, 25 (Leiden: Brill, 2004), p. 1.</ref> It typically runs from fifteen to eighty lines, and sometimes more than a hundred.<ref name="auto" />

Well-known examples of this genre include the poems of the [[Mu'allaqat]] (a collection of [[Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry|pre-Islamic poems]], the most being the one of [[Imru' al-Qais|Imru' al-Qays]]), the [[Qasida Burda]] (Poem of the Mantle) by [[Al-Busiri|Imam al-Busiri]], and [[Ibn Arabi]]'s classic collection ''[[Tarjumān al-Ashwāq]]'' (The Interpreter of Desires).

==Form==
The most common form of the qasida is tripartite (or is constituted by three parts). The typical three-part structure runs as follows:{{Sfn|Miller|2024|p=11–12}}

# A desert motif (the ''[[nasīb (poetry)|nasīb]]'')
# A description of a camel or a horse (the ''raḥīl'')
# A tribal boast or similar (the ''[[fakhr]]'')

== Origins ==
The tripartite qasida originated among [[Najd|Najdis]] (then a region extending east of the Hejazi mountains all the way up to modern-day Iraq) in the early sixth century. After repression of the development of [[King|kingships]] in the [[Arabian Peninsula]] on the part of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and [[Sasanian Empire|Sassanian empires]], individuals in the peninsula began to invoke earlier notions of Arabian kingship in their poetry. The qasida may have emerged in this context, in the process of their negotiations of status with Arabophone kings that were invoking earlier notions of Arabian kingship. Supporting this is the fact that a number of the earliest reported qasidas were directed to the [[Ghassanids]] and [[Lakhmids]].{{Sfn|Miller|2024|p=53}} In particular, Miller places the origins of the tripartite qasida in the [[Lakhmid kingdom|Lakhmid]] court of the city of [[al-Hira]], the capital of the Lakhmids that is now located in the south-central of modern-day [[Iraq]]. The qasida would spread into the [[Levant]] in the late sixth century, finding its way to [[Syria]], and from Syria, would be imported into the [[Hejaz]] in the time of [[Muhammad]].{{Sfn|Miller|2024|p=77}}

== Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry ==
{{Main|Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry}}
According to an apocryphal story, a poetry contest resulted in the victory of seven or ten qasidas winning, which were all taken together and hung up (or suspended) in the [[Kaaba]]. Hence, they came to be known as the "Suspended Odes" ([[Mu'allaqat]]). Though the story is late and uncorroborated, it has shaped the understanding of [[pre-Islamic Arabic poetry]] later in the Islamic era. Instead, however, pre-Islamic Arabic poetry was short, self-contained, with an extemporized quality. The [[Hejaz]] itself attests to no tripartite qasidas.{{Sfn|Miller|2024|p=11–12}}

== Other languages ==

=== Bengali ===
Qasidas were introduced to [[Dhaka]], and later the rest of [[Bengal]], during the [[Mughal era]] by [[Persians]]. [[Subahdar]] of [[Bengal]], [[Islam Khan Chisti]]'s naval fleet is said to have sung them after arriving in [[Jessore (city)|Jessore]] in 1604.<ref name="mughal">{{cite news|author=Ahmed Riyadh|url=http://bangla.bdnews24.com/kidz/article661759.bdnews|title=কাসিদা|publisher=[[Bdnews24.com]]|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-date=22 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022142133/http://bangla.bdnews24.com/kidz/article661759.bdnews|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="baharistan">{{cite book|author=Mirza Nathan|title=Baharistan-i-Ghaibi|date=1604}}</ref> In 1949, [[Hakim Habibur Rahman]] spoke of the recent revival of qasidas since that period in his book, ''Dhaka Panchas Baras Pahle'' (Dhaka, fifty years ago). The qasidas were promoted by [[nawab]]s and [[sardar]]s across the region, and especially popular during the [[Islamic month]] of [[Ramadan]]. An old tradition of [[Old Dhaka]] is during the time of [[Suhur|sehri]], groups of people would sing qasidas to wake up the [[Bengali Muslim|Muslim]]s in the neighbourhood.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite web|author=Sirajul Islam|author-link=Sirajul Islam|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Qasida|title=Qasida|publisher=[[Banglapedia]]: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, [[Asiatic Society]] of Bangladesh, [[Dhaka]]|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/6/ramadan-south-asias-dying-traditions-on-waking-up-the-faithful|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|title=The fading Qasida tradition in Bangladesh|author1=Maqbool, Majid|author2=Mahmud, Faisal|author3=Pathak, Nilima|date=6 May 2021}}</ref>

=== Burushaski ===
In [[Burushaski]], the Qasida refers broadly to [[Isma'ilism|Isma'ili]] devotional literature in general rather than a specific style of poetry and is interchangeably used with the word [[Ginans|Ginan]] in the language. It was regularly performed in the jamat-khana and has been a cornerstone of Ismaili practices in the [[Hunza Valley]]. The Burushaski Qasida is used extensively to describe Ismaili philosophy, theology, and [[hermeneutics]] in a vernacular language. Furthermore, the Qasida builds upon classical Isma'ili thought, with original theological, metaphysical, and teleological expositions that draw on the historically unprecedented philosophical injunctions of the Ismaili [[Ismaili Imamat|Imams]].<ref>(Andani, K. Revelation in Islam: Qur'anic, Sunni and Shi'i Isma'ili Perspectives [Unpublished PhD Thesis]. Harvard University. p. 742.)</ref>
[[File:Aga Khan’s message to Hunzai, congratulating him on completion of the “Ginan Book”.png|left|thumb|[[Aga Khan]]’s message to Hunzai, congratulating him on the completion of the ''"Ginan Book"'', 1961.]]
The Burushaski Qasida has had a pivotal role in developing the Burushaski language. Burushaski had been a broken, oral tongue, without a written script. This changed in 1961, '[[Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai|Allamah Hunzai]] published his first poetry collection, entitled Nagmah-yi Israfil, which featured a selection of his Burushaski poems. The collection was telegrammed in the same year to the 49th Isma'ili Imam, [[Aga Khan IV|Shah Karim al-Husayni]], who, in his response, ascribed to 'Allamah Hunzai's collection the status of a "ginan book in the Burushaski language."<ref>(Lakhani, A. (2022). A Short Biography of 'Allamah Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai (p. 28). London, England: Daru'l-Hikmat al-Isma'iliyyah.)</ref>

As van-Skyhawk notes this had the effect of sacralizing 'Allamah Hunzai's poetry for the Isma'ilis, and thus his poems were and continue to be widely recited in Isma'ili jama'at-khanas following this exchange.’ <ref>Van-Skyhawk, H. (2005). The Devotional Poems of ʿAllāmah Naṣīr al-Dīn Hunzai as Inter-Cultural Translations. In Mitteilungen fuer Anthropologie und Religionsgeschichte 17(1), 305-316. Münster, Germany: Ugarit-Verlag</ref> Apart from Allama Hunzai, leading Burushaki Qasida poets include Aalijah Ghulamuddin Hunzai and Wazir Fida Ali Esar.

Below is an excerpt from, “Noor-e-shama”, one of Allama Hunzai’s most popular Burushaski Qasida:{{Verse translation|lang=|Noor e shama guskil e idigari je parvana mayam

Aql e begana numan une shul dewana mayam

Je atashqalta kuli tawaf ar maula

Unay mohaabat e orsham shuway sis e parvana mayam|attr1= Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai|

I will become a firefly around you, O candle of Noor

I will lose all my senses and will turn mad in your love

If I can not circumambulate around you, O Maula

I will become a firefly around those intoxicated with your love}}

In 2013, the recitation of Burushaski ginans was discouraged at [[Isma'ilism|Isma'ili]] jamat khanas by regional councils. However, Burushaski Qasidas continue to be sung at Dawaat (traditional house warming), [[Dhikr|zikr]]-mehfil, and other similar private religious gatherings. Several artists such as Meher-Angez, Barkat Ali, Shakila Parveen, Islam Habib, and Noman Asmet are recording and publishing Burushaski Qasida on streaming platforms online.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ismaili Burushaski Ginan {{!}} Didar Oyam Jaar {{!}} Aga Khan Diamond Jubilee | date=24 February 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5qEtqL100E |language=en |access-date=2022-12-03}}</ref> These renditions have amassed millions of views. Many of these recording are accompanied with a [[Rubab (instrument)|chardah]] and a daff, which are instruments inspired by Central Asian Isma'ili traditions.

=== Indonesian ===
{{See also|Music of Indonesia#Qasidah modern}}
In Indonesia, ''qasidah'' (Indonesian spelling: ''kasidah'') refers broadly to [[Islamic music]] in general, rather than a specific style or poetry. Traditional qasidah was historically limited to Arab immigrant and pious Muslim neighbourhoods. Modern qasidah has broadened to include influence from Western and local Indonesian music.

=== Persian ===
After the 10th century Iranians developed the qasida immensely and used it for other purposes. For example, [[Nasir Khusraw]] used it extensively for philosophical, theological, and ethical purposes, while [[Avicenna]] also used it to express philosophical ideas. It may be a spring poem (Persian بهاریه, ''bahâriye'') or autumn poem (Persian خزانیه, ''xazâniye''). The opening is usually description of a natural event: the seasons, a natural landscape or an imaginary sweetheart. In the ''takhallos'' poets usually address themselves by their pen-name. Then the last section is the main purpose of the poet in writing the poem.

[[Persian language|Persian]] exponents include:

* [[Farrokhi sistani|Farrokhi Sistani]], the court poet of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] (11th century), especially his 'Hunting Scene' (in Persian: قصیده شکارگاه)
* [[Manuchehri]] (11th century), who was court poet for [[Manuchihr|Manuchehr]] ruler of [[Tabaristan]], and later for [[Mas'ud I of Ghazni]]. One of his qasidas is [[The Turkish harpist (Manuchehri)|The Turkish harpist]]
* [[Masud Sa'd Salman]] (12th century) who was wrongfully imprisoned on the suspicion of treason
* [[Anvari|Anvari Abiverdi]], (12th century) especially his petition for help against the invasion of Mongols
* [[Khaqani|Khaqani Shirvani]] (12th century)
* and in the 20th century, [[Mohammad Taqi Bahar]] with his innovations in using the qasida for political purposes.

From the 14th century CE Persian poets became more interested in ''[[ghazal]]'' and the ''qasida'' declined. The ''ghazal'' developed from the first part of ''qasida'' in which poets praised their sweethearts. [[Mysticism|Mystical]] poets and [[Sufi]]s used the ghazal for mystical purposes.

=== Somali ===
Somali Sufi Sheikhs such as [[Uways Al-Barawi]], [[Shaykh Sufi]], and [[Shaykh Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla'i|Al-Zayla'i]] would often compose Qasida's on religious matters. A well known collection of Somali Qasida's is entitled ''Majumuʿa Qasaʿid fi Madh Sayyid Al-Anbiya'' (A Collection of Qasidas in praise of the [[Muhammad|Master of Prophets]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reese |first1=Scott S. |date= 2001 |title= The Best of Guides: Sufi Poetry and Alternate Discourses of Reform in Early Twentieth-Century Somalia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 Islamic Religious Poetry in Africa |pages= 49–68|doi=10.1080/136968101750333969 |jstor=3181395 |s2cid=162001423 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

''Hadiyat al-ʿAnam ila Qabr al-Nabi'' (Guidance of Humanity to the tomb of the Prophet) extols the Prophet Muhammad:
{{Verse translation|إذا ماشئت تيسير المراد\\فصل على رسولك خير هادي
وقل مستنجدًا في كل ناد\\صلاة الله مانادى المنادي
\\على المختار مولانا الحماد
حبيب الله أفضل من ترقى\\وقبره فاق كرسيا ومرقى
وكل مواضع الخيرات صدقا\\يفوح المسك والريحان حقا
\\لقبر محمد نور الفؤاد
تنور جميع أرجاء الحبيب\\يرى الأنوار قاصده بطيب
ويلقاه البعيد مع القريب\\يعم الآل جيران الحبيب
\\بعرف عبيره أهل البلاد|Whenever you wish to make easy your objective then give a prayer to your [[Muhammad|messenger]] the best of Guides
And say, seeking aid in every circle blessings of [[Allah]], as the crier cries on the Chosen, our master the praised

Beloved of Allah preferred of those who ascended, his tomb is above any throne or high place
As in every pious place, sincerely musk and spices give fragrances, truly to the tomb of Muhammad light of the heart

Every aspect of the Habib gives light the one who seeks him, sees the lights with goodness
The distances meets it along with the near it will encompass the family, the neighbors of the beloved
As well as the people of the community, with knowledge of his fragrance}}
=== Urdu/Hindi ===
Qasida in [[Urdu poetry]] is often [[panegyric]], sometimes a [[satire]], sometimes dealing with an important event. As a rule it is longer than the ''[[ghazal]]'' but follows the same system of [[rhyme]].<ref name="introduction">''A History of Urdu Literature'' by T. Grahame Bailey; "[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/bailey/000introduction.pdf Introduction]".</ref>

=== Yazidi ===
The ''qesîde'' is a type of oral religious poem in [[Yazidi literature]], considered to have been composed by the disciples of [[Sheikh Adi]].<ref name="Omarkhali 2017">{{cite book | last=Omarkhali | first=Khanna | author-link=Khanna Omarkhali | title=The Yezidi religious textual tradition, from oral to written: categories, transmission, scripturalisation, and canonisation of the Yezidi oral religious texts | publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag | publication-place=Wiesbaden | year=2017 | isbn=978-3-447-10856-0 | oclc=994778968}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Amadou Bamba]]
*''[[The Kasidah|The Kasîdah of Hâjî Abdû El-Yezdî (1880)]]'' by Richard Francis Burton, a 19th-century [[pseudotranslation]]
*[[Panegyric]], an ancient Greek and Roman equivalent form of poetry
*[[Qaṣīdat-ul-Burda]]
*[[Qawwali]]
*[[Shahr Ashob]]
*[[Sufi poetry]]
*[[Urdu poetry]]

==References==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite book |title=A History of the Arab Peoples |trans-title= |first1=Albert |last1= Hourani |author-link= |editor-first1= |editor-last1= |editor-first2= |editor-last2= |chapter= |language=
|isbn=9780571288014 |oclc=823892602 |publication-place=London |publication-date=1991 |pages=12–13 |publisher=Faber and Faber |url= |quote=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Nathaniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSr6EAAAQBAJ |title=The Emergence of Arabic Poetry: From Regional Identities to Islamic Canonization |date=2024 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-1-5128-2531-2 }}
* {{Cite book |title=Qasida Poetry in Islamic Asia and Africa: Vol. 1 Classical Traditions and Modern Meanings |trans-title= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pbwgOLcwTYC |language= |first1= |last1= |editor-first1=Stefan |editor-last1=Sperl |editor-first2=C. |editor-last2=Shackle |series=Studies in Arabic literature, vol. 20/1 |author-link= |chapter= |isbn=9789004102958 |oclc=842992719 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |publication-place=Leiden |publication-date=1996 |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote=}}
* {{Cite book |title=Qasida Poetry in Islamic Asia and Africa: Vol. 2 Eulogy's Bounty, Meaning's Abundance |trans-title= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z71xzJ8MJn4C |language= |first1= |last1= |editor-first1=Stefan |editor-last1=Sperl |editor-first2=C. |editor-last2=Shackle |series=Studies in Arabic literature, vol. 20/2 |author-link= |chapter= |isbn=9789004103870 |oclc=1024417480 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |publication-place=Leiden |publication-date=1996 |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote=}}

==External links==

* {{Cite web |url=http://qasida.ca |title=Qasida Radio Station |first= |last= |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=qasida.ca |date=}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.urdupoetry.com/poetryforms.html |title=Urdu poetry archive. Urdu poetic forms |access-date=21 June 2024 |date=31 March 2001 |first= |last= |website=urdupoetry.com |publisher=Nita Awatramani}}

{{Urdu poetry}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Arab culture]]
[[Category:Arabic literature]]
[[Category:Arabic poetry forms]]
[[Category:Arabic and Central Asian poetics]]
[[Category:Literary genres]]
[[Category:Persian poetic forms]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poetry]]

Naseer Sankranthi

2026-02-18T07:24:30Z

Teamaksharhospital: New.

{{short description|Indian Film Actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nazeer Sankranthi
| image =
| image_size = 270p
| caption =
| birth_date ={{birth year and age|1968}}
| birth_place = Sankranthi, [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = Film Actor
| yearsactive = 2011–present
| spouse = Jaseena
| children =Nashmin Nishana Nashin
| awards = Kerala State Television Award
}}

'''Nazeer Sankranthi''' is an Indian actor of [[Malayalam Cinema]] as well as Malayalam television shows. He rose to prominence with his humorous act of ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'', a popular [[soap opera]] on [[Mazhavil Manorama]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/love-n-life/2019/09/20/manorama-online-see-real-star-naseer-sankranthy.html | title=മിമിക്രിക്ക് നടക്കുന്ന സമയം മീൻ വിൽക്കാൻ പൊയ്ക്കൂടെ എന്ന് ഭാര്യ ചോദിച്ചു |date=21 September 2019 |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=Manorama Online News |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230205062315/https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/love-n-life/2019/09/20/manorama-online-see-real-star-naseer-sankranthy.amp.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Naseer is also a two-time winner of Kerala State Television award for the best comedian and has played notable roles in several films like ''[[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]'', ''[[Swarna Kaduva]]'' and ''[[Kappela]]''.

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in [[Malayalam]] language unless otherwise noted''.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Sundara Purushan (2001 film)|Sundara Purushan]]'' || Compounder ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Changathipoocha]]'' || Firecracker Worker ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Masters (film)|Masters]]'' || Servant ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2014 || ''[[Villali Veeran]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mannar Mathai Speaking 2]]'' || Officer at Drama Booking Center ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2015 || ''[[Chandrettan Evideya]]'' || Auto Driver ||
|-
| ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' || Sabu's Friend ||
|-
| ''[[Utopiayile Rajavu]]'' || Danger Dasappan ||
|-
| ''[[Acha Dhin]]'' || Auto Driver ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2016 || ''[[Swarna Kaduva]]'' || Broker ||
|-
| ''[[Welcome to Central Jail]]'' || Bhaskaran ||
|-
| ''[[Pa Va]]'' || Junior Priest ||
|-
| ''[[James & Alice]]'' || K.T Annan's Personal Assistant ||
|-
| ''Chinna Dada'' || Pappettan ||
|-
| ''[[Leela (2016 film)|Leela]]'' || Man at the temple ||
|-
| ''[[Shyam (film)|Shyam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Romanov'' || Devassy's aide ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2017 || ''[[Aana Alaralodalaral]]'' || Kunji Pokker ||
|-
| ''[[Basheerinte Premalekhanam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Fukri]]'' || Panchayath Member ||
|-
| ''[[Kaattu]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2018 || ''[[Autorsha]]'' || Mad Man ||
|-
| ''[[Carbon (2018 film)|Carbon]]'' || A villager ||
|-
| ''[[Naam (2018 film)|Naam]]'' || Bennychan||
|-
| ''[[Chalakkudikkaran Changathi]]'' || Makeup Man ||
|-
| ''[[Iblis (film)|Iblis]]'' || Kelu ||
|-
| ''Paviyettante Madhura Chooral'' || Pathrose ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 2019 || ''[[Aakasha Ganga 2]]'' || Minister Mathai ||
|-
| ''[[Adhyarathri]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mr. & Ms. Rowdy]]'' || Sadanandhan ||
|-
| ''[[Brother's Day]]'' || Police Constable ||
|-
| ''[[Vaarikkuzhiyile Kolapathakam]]'' || Antappan ||
|-
|''[[Shibu (film)|Shibu]]''||Kambikaadu||
|-
| ''[[Isakkinte Ithihasam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Vaarthakal Ithuvare'' || Kochappi ||
|-
| ''Thanka Bhasma Kuriyitta Thamburatti'' || Komalan ||
|-
| ''Patham Classile Pranayam'' || School Peon ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Kappela]]'' || Martin ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zonkerala.com/movies/gallery/kappela/nazeer-samkranthi-as-martin-in-kappela-590.html | title=Naseer Sankranthi as Martin in the Film Kappela |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=Zonkerala |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230205085526/https://www.zonkerala.com/movies/gallery/kappela/nazeer-samkranthi-as-martin-in-kappela-590.html | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2021 || ''[[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]'' || Orphanage Cook || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.doolnews.com/actor-nazeer-sankranti-about-the-priest-454.html | title = നമുക്ക് കമലാസനനും വേണ്ട മിമിക്രിയും വേണ്ട, പ്രീസ്റ്റിലേക്ക് വിളിക്കുമ്പോൾ സംവിതയാകൻ പറഞ്ഞതിനെ കുറിച്ച് നസിർ സംക്രാന്തി |date=22 May 2021 |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=Dool News |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230205085804/https://www.doolnews.com/actor-nazeer-sankranti-about-the-priest-454.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bheemante Vazhi]]'' || Gulan Paul ||
|-
| ''[[Velukkakka Oppu Ka]]'' || || OTT Release<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/indrans-is-a-78-year-old-illiterate-man-in-velukkakka/articleshow/78697116.cms|title=Indrans is a 78-year-old illiterate man in 'Velukkakka' |date=16 October 2020 | access-date=3 February 2023 |work=The Times Of India |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113332/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/indrans-is-a-78-year-old-illiterate-man-in-velukkakka/articleshow/78697116.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Djibouti (film)|Djibouti]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Baby Sam'' || Mathai security ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2022 || ''[[Pathonpatham Noottandu]]'' || Konthikuruppu ||
|-
| ''Thirimali'' || Mathai ||
|-
| ''Haasyam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Charles Enterprises]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Mothathi Kozhappa]]'' || Pastor||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''Vayyasu Ethrayi Mooppathi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Manorathangal]]'' || Karyasthan ||Segment: Abhayam Thedi Veendum<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-12 |title=Nadiya Moidu drops BTS videos from the sets of 'Manorathangal' along with her co-star Fahadh Faasil |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/nadiya-moidu-drops-bts-videos-from-the-sets-of-manorathangal-along-with-her-co-star-fahadh-faasil/articleshow/112473155.cms |access-date=2024-08-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || {{Pending film| [[Nellikkampoyil Night Riders]]}} || {{TableTBA}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-starrer Night Riders gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-starrer-night-riders-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Channel !! Role !! Ref.
|-
|2010-2012||''Tharolsavam''||[[Kairali TV]]||Team captain ||
|-
| 2012–2023 || ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Kamalasanan Mandahassan ||

|-
|2015 || ''Uggram Ujjwalam'' ||[[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Kamalasanan of [[Thatteem Mutteem]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/Naseer-Sankranthi-on-Uggram-Ujjwalam/articleshow/49483444.cms|title=Naseer Sankranthi on the Floors of Uggram Ujjwalam |date=26 October 2015 |work=The Times Of India |access-date=3 February 2023 |archive-date=22 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022202708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/naseer-sankranthi-on-uggram-ujjwalam/articleshow/49483444.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
|rowspan=2 | 2016 || ''Nadodikkaattu'' || [[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]] || Various Roles ||
|-
|''Komady Circus'' || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Various Roles || <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.vinodadarshan.com/2016/12/komady-circus-on-mazhavil-manorama.html?m=1 | title=Komady Circus in Mazhavil Manorama starts on 26 December 2016 |work=Vinodadarshan |access-date=3 February 2023 |date=25 December 2016 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230206020719/https://www.vinodadarshan.com/2016/12/komady-circus-on-mazhavil-manorama.html?m=1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
|2016-2019 || ''[[Laughing Villa]]'' || [[Surya TV]] || Care Taker of the 'Laughing Villa' || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/laughing-villa-on-surya-tv/articleshow/53573828.cms |title='Laughing Villa' on Surya TV |date=6 August 2016 |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=The Times Of India |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/laughing-villa-on-surya-tv/articleshow/53573828.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-

|2016-2017||''[[Chinthavishtayaya Seetha]]''||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet TV]]||Shobhanan ||
|-

|2017 || ''Comedy Super Nite-2'' || [[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]] ||Chief Guest ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/m80-moosa-to-visit-comedy-super-nite-2/articleshow/58929781.cms|title=M80 Moosa to visit Comedy Super Nite 2 | date=31 May 2017 |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=The Times Of India |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024013039/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/m80-moosa-to-visit-comedy-super-nite-2/articleshow/58929781.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2018-2019 ||''Thakarppan Comedy'' ||[[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Various Roles || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/thakarppan-comedy-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/67794759.cms|title=Thakarppan Comedy completes 100 episodes |date=1 February 2019 |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=The Times Of India |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113336/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/thakarppan-comedy-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/67794759.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
|2019 || ''[[Comedy Nights with Suraj]]'' || [[Zee Keralam]] || Various Roles || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Malayalam/tv-shows/comedy-nights-with-suraj | title=Naseer Sankranthi is a part of the program Comedy Nights with Suraj |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=Nettv4U |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230206030359/https://nettv4u.com/about/Malayalam/tv-shows/comedy-nights-with-suraj |url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
|rowspan=3 | 2020 || ''Comedy Masters'' || [[Amrita TV]] || Various Roles || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kairalinewsonline.com/2022/08/04/540825.html | title=Comedy Express; കൈരളി ടിവിയിൽ കോമഡി എക്സ്പ്രസ്റ്റ് യാത്ര തുടങ്ങി | access-date=9 February 2023 |work= Kairali News Online | archive-date=8 February 2023 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20230208173637/https://www.kairalinewsonline.com/2022/08/04/540825.html | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Funny Nights with Pearle Maaney]]'' || [[Zee Keralam]] || Various Roles ||
|-
|''Appanum Koppanum''||YouTube Web series||Koppan ||
|-
|2020-2021||''[[Ente Maathavu]]'' || [[Surya TV]] || Kapyar Pyli || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ente-mathavu-a-new-serial-on-mother-mary/articleshow/73586156.cms|title=Ente Mathavu, a new serial on Mother Mary |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=The Times Of India |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ente-mathavu-a-new-serial-on-mother-mary/articleshow/73586156.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-

|2021||''[[Udan Panam|Udan Panam 3.O]]'' || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Kamalasanan of [[Thatteem Mutteem]] || <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/udan-panam-thatteem-mutteem-team-to-have-a-blast-in-new-year-special-episode/articleshow/79976886.cms |title=Udan Panam: Thatteem Mutteem team to have a blast in New Year special episode |date=27 December 2020 |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=The Times Of India |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027213416/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/udan-panam-thatteem-mutteem-team-to-have-a-blast-in-new-year-special-episode/articleshow/79976886.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021-2024
|''[[Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri]]'' || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Judge of the show || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/mukesh-joins-oru-chiri-iru-chiri-bumper-chiri-watch-promo/articleshow/84757635.cms |title=Mukesh joins 'Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri'; watch promo |date=26 July 2021 |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=The Times Of India |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113337/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/mukesh-joins-oru-chiri-iru-chiri-bumper-chiri-watch-promo/articleshow/84757635.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021-2022
|''Bumper Chiri Aaghosham'' || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Judge of the show ||
|-
|Rowspan=2|2021
|''Comedy Thillana'' || [[Kairali TV]] || Various Roles ||
|-
|''Oh Come On Baby Oh Yeah'' || Web Series on YouTube Channel Behindwoods || Various Roles || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/web-series/naseer-sankranthis-come-on-baby-oh-yeah/articleshow/80751466.cms|title='കുട്ടിപ്പട്ടാളം നിർത്തിയതു പോലെ നിർത്താതെ നോക്കിക്കോണം'; നസീർ സംക്രാന്തിയുടെ 'കമോൺ ബേബി ഓയ്യാ!' |date=8 February 2021 |access-date=3 February 2023 |work=Malayalam Samyam |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230207165826/https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/web-series/naseer-sankranthis-come-on-baby-oh-yeah/amp_articleshow/80751466.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award !! Year !! Category !! Program !! Ref.
|-
| rowspan=2 | Kerala State Television Award || 2015 || Best Comedian || ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' || <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.keralafilm.com/index.php/kca-updates/332-television-awards-2014-2015 | title=Kerala State Television Award for Best Comedian 2015 is Nazeer Sankranthy |date=3 June 2016 |access-date=6 February 2023 |work=Keralafilm.com |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230208173146/http://www.keralafilm.com/index.php/kca-updates/332-television-awards-2014-2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || Best Comedian || ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' ''Comedy Masters'' || <ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-television-awards-announced/article32648904.ece | title=State Television Awards announced| access-date=6 February 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=19 September 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200920140415/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-television-awards-announced/article32648904.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|8042057}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sankranthi, Naseer}}
[[Category:Male actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kerala State Television Award winners]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Malayalam comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Mewa Singh (professor)

2026-02-08T17:41:11Z

Teamaksharhospital: Added.

{{Short description|Indian primatologist and ethologist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mewa Singh
| image = mewasingh.png
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_date = 11 April 1951
| birth_place = Maler Kotla
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Life-Long Distinguished Professor
| years_active =
| known_for = Primatologist, Ethologist and Conservation biologist
| notable_works =
}}

'''Mewa Singh''' (born 11 April 1951) is an Indian [[Primatology|primatologist]],<ref>[http://news.wildlife.org/featured/leading-the-way-in-wildlife-education/ Leading the way in Wildlife Education | The Wildlife Society News] ''Wildliffe''. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814232842/http://news.wildlife.org/featured/leading-the-way-in-wildlife-education/ |date=14 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/these-intense-photos-lion-tailed-macaques-will-turn-you-conservationist-180953401/?no-ist "These Intense Photos of Lion-Tailed Macaques Will Turn You Into a Conservationist"]. By Trisha Gupta, ''Smithsonian Magazine''</ref> [[Ethology|ethologist]], and conservation [[biologist]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/look-who-calls-the-shots/article4955965.ece "Look who calls the shots!"]. ''The Hindu''. Akila Kannadasan. 26 July 2013</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150628172235/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-331264556.html "Prof. Mewa Singh To Continue Research Work Even After Retirement"]. ''Star of Mysore'' (Mysore, India) 26 May 2013</ref> He was a professor of ecology and animal behavior at [[University of Mysore]] Biopsychology Department in Mysore, Karnataka.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysore/Mysore-University-yet-to-get-a-permanent-vice-chancellor/articleshow/17971277.cms Mysore University yet to get a permanent vice-chancellor - The Times of India]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140901211054/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140829/jsp/nation/story_18775526.jsp#.VXGgakZ0elo "Hanuman langurs not one species, at least 3"]. ''Telegraph India'', G.S. MUDUR</ref> Currently he is a Life-Long Distinguished Professor <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Mewa Singh |url=https://uni-mysore.ac.in/psychology/faculty/dr-mewa-singh |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=uni-mysore.ac.in}}</ref> in University of Mysore. Singh has a bachelor's degree in English, a Master's and a PhD degree in Psychology but was never formally trained in Biological or Conservation Sciences. Yet he is popular and revered for coordinating courses in Evolution, Genetics, Animal Behavior, Conservation Biology and Statistics not only in his department at the University of Mysore but at academic schools, conferences and faculty refresher courses throughout the country.

A new night frog ''Nyctibatrachus mewasinghi'' has been named after him which is endemic to the Western Ghats. It is generally referred to as Mewa Singh's Night frog.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malabar-sanctuary-home-to-new-night-frog/article22333739.ece|title=Malabar sanctuary home to new night frog species|author=Staff Reporter|date=2017-12-30|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-02|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Singh's research centers on primate social behavior, including conflict resolution, cooperation, inequity aversion,food-sharing, primate bereavement, etc. He is the author of the book ''Primate Societies'' and co-author of ''Macaque Societies: A Model for the Study of Social Organization''. He has published more than 200 research articles on several animal species.<ref name="Misra2009">{{cite book|author=Misra|title=Psychology In India, Volume I: Basic Psychological Processes And Human Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Fy0hsJKA0YC&pg=PA32|date=1 September 2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1744-8|pages=32–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.conservationindia.org/case-studies/a-reprieve-for-the-wolves-of-maidenahalli-2 "A Reprieve for the Wolves of Maidenahalli"]. ''Conservation India''. by [[Sanjay Gubbi]]</ref> Singh also studies the viability of primate populations<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/slow-growth-among-liontailed-macaques-may-lead-to-loss-of-genetic-diversity/article3153602.ece "Slow growth among lion-tailed macaques may lead to loss of genetic diversity"]. ''The Hindu''.</ref> and is frequently quoted in the media as an expert in this area.<ref>[http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/lives-others?page=0,2 "Monkeys common no more"]. ''Down to Earth''.</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/my-husband-and-other-animals-feckless-farmers/article525195.ece "My Husband and Other Animals - Feckless farmers"]. ''The Hindu''. JANAKI LENIN. 4 August 2010</ref>

He is a fellow of all three Science Academies of India: [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] Bangalore; Indian National Science Academy New Delhi; National Academy of Sciences Allahabad.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080210040503/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/06/stories/2008020652211000.htm The Hindu : Karnataka / Mysore News : Honour for Mysore professor]</ref> He is also a Ramanna Fellow, DST, a Fellow of the [[National Academy of Psychology]], India and a Distinguished SERB Fellow (2019).

== References ==
<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150628172255/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Education-System-Does-not-Foster-the-Spirit-of-Inquiry/2015/04/06/article2749937.ece 'Education System Does not Foster the Spirit of Inquiry']. ''The Indian Express''.</ref>

{{Reflist}}https://roundglasssustain.com/species/lion-tailed-macaque-western-ghats

==External links==
*https://web.archive.org/web/20111230065812/http://uni-mysore.ac.in/dr-mewa-singh/

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Mewa}}
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Mysore]]
[[Category:Primatologists]]
[[Category:Ethologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]

Indian 100-rupee note

2026-01-03T08:03:16Z

Teamaksharhospital: General improvements and edits

{{Short description|Denomination of the Indian rupee}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox banknote
| country = '''India'''
| denomination = One hundred rupees
| value = {{Indian Rupee}}100 (approx. $1.11)
| unit =
| width_mm = 142
| height_mm = 66
| security_features = Security thread, latent image, micro-lettering, intaglio print, fluorescent ink, optically variable ink, watermark, and see through registration device.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=39#32 |title=Are there any special features in the banknotes of Mahatma Gandhi series- 1996? |work=Your Guide to Money Matters |publisher=Reserve Bank of India |access-date=11 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112123135/http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=39 |archive-date=12 January 2012 }}</ref>
| paper_type =
| years_of_printing = July 2018 – present
| obverse = India new 100 INR, Mahatma Gandhi New Series, 2018, obverse.png
| obverse_design = [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]]
| obverse_designer = [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| obverse_design_date = {{start date and age|2018|}}
| reverse = India new 100 INR, Mahatma Gandhi New Series, 2018, reverse.png
| reverse_design = [[Rani ki vav]]
| reverse_designer = [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| reverse_design_date = {{start date and age|2018|}}
}}
The '''Indian 100-rupee banknote''' ({{Indian Rupee}}100) is a denomination of the [[Indian rupee]]. It has been in continuous production since [[Reserve Bank of India]] took over the functions of the controller of currency in [[India]] in 1935. The present {{INR}}100 banknote in circulation is a part of the [[Mahatma Gandhi New Series]] (which replaced the Mahatma Gandhi Series of {{INR}}100 in 2018).

==History==
[[File:100 Rupees old series banknote of India, signed by RBI governor S. Venkitaramanan.jpg|thumb|100-rupee banknote, signed by [[Reserve Bank of India|RBI]] governor [[S. Venkitaramanan]].]]
The first 100-rupee note featured the portrait of [[George VI]]. After independence in 1947, [https://www.rbi.org.in/ Reserve Bank of India] continued to issue the notes by replacing the portrait of George VI with the [[Emblem of India]], as a part of the Lion Capital Series of banknotes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/p-brit.html |title=India Paper Money A Retrospect |work=Republic India Issues |publisher=Reserve Bank of India |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-date=18 January 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118070600/http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/p-brit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Mahatma Gandhi Series==

===Design===

The {{INR}}100 banknote of the [[Mahatma Gandhi Series]] is 157 × 73&nbsp;mm blue-green coloured, with the obverse side featuring a portrait of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] with a signature of the governor of [[Reserve Bank of India]].

As of 2012, the new [[Indian rupee sign|{{INR}} sign]] has been incorporated into banknote of {{INR}}100.<ref>{{cite web|title=Issue of ₹100 Banknotes with incorporation of Rupee symbol|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_ViewCurrencyPressRelease.aspx?Id=25462|publisher=RBI|access-date=23 January 2012|archive-date=11 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611233300/https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_ViewCurrencyPressRelease.aspx?Id=25462|url-status=dead}}</ref> In January 2014 RBI announced that it would be withdrawing from circulation all banknotes printed prior to 2005 by 31 March 2014. The deadline was later extended to 1 January 2015, and then again to 30 June 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=107510 | title=Withdrawal of Currencies Issued Prior to 2005 | publisher=Press Information Bureau | date=25 July 2014 | access-date=25 July 2014}}</ref>

==Mahatma Gandhi New Series==

On 10 November 2016, the Reserve Bank of India announced a new redesigned {{INR}}100 banknote to be available as a part of the [[Mahatma Gandhi New Series]]. On 19 July 2018, the [[Reserve Bank of India]] unveiled the revised design of {{INR}}100 banknote.<ref name=inr100>{{Cite web|title = RBI to Issue New Design ₹ 100 Denomination Banknote|url = https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=44533|website=rbi.org.in|access-date = 2018-07-19|language = en}}</ref>

===Design===

The new bank note has a base color of [[Lavender (color)|Lavender]] with motif of [[Rani ki vav]] (Queen's stepwell) on the reverse side. [[Rani ki vav]] is located in [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]], [[Patan district]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Dimensions of the bank note are measured at 142&nbsp;mm × 66&nbsp;mm.

===Security features===

The security features of the {{INR}}100 banknote includes:<ref>[https://paisaboltahai.rbi.org.in/100.aspx RBI - {{INR}}100 security features]</ref>

*A windowed [[security thread]] that reads 'भारत' (''Bharat in the [[Devanagari]] script'') and 'RBI' alternately.
*[[Latent image]] of the value of the banknote on the vertical band next to the right hand side of Mahatma Gandhi's portrait.
*[[Watermark]] of [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] that is a mirror image of the main portrait.
*The number panel of the banknote is printed in embedded [[fluorescent]] fibers and optically variable ink.
*Since 2005 additional security features like machine-readable security thread, electrotype watermark, and year of print appears on the bank note.

==Languages==

As like the other [[Indian rupee]] banknotes, the {{INR}}100 banknote has its amount written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination is written in [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]]. On the reverse is a language panel which displays the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 [[List of official languages of India|official languages of India]]. The languages are displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel are [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Urdu]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+
! colspan="2" |Denominations in [[Languages with official status in India|central level official languages]] (At below either ends)
|-
!Language
! {{INR}}100
|-
|[[English language|English]] || One Hundred rupees
|-
|[[Hindi]] || {{lang|hi|एक सौ रुपये}}
|-
! colspan="2" |Denominations in 15 [[Languages with official status in India#Schedule|state level/other official languages]] (As seen on the language panel)
|-
| [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || {{lang|as|এশ টকা}}
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || {{lang|bn|একশ টাকা}}
|-
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] || {{lang|gu|એક સો રૂપિયા}}
|-
| [[Kannada]] || {{lang|kn|ಒಂದು ನೂರು ರುಪಾಯಿಗಳು}}
|-
| [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] || {{lang|ks|ہَتھ رۄپیہِ}}
|-
| [[Konkani language|Konkani]] || {{lang|kok|शंबर रुपया}}
|-
| [[Malayalam]] || {{lang|ml|നൂറു രൂപ}}
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || {{lang|mr|शंभर रुपये}}
|-
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]] || {{lang|ne|एक सय रुपियाँ}}
|-
| [[Odia language|Odia]] || {{lang|or|ଏକ ଶହ ଟଙ୍କା}}
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] || {{lang|pa|ਇਕ ਸੌ ਰੁਪਏ}}
|-
| [[Sanskrit]] || {{lang|sa|शतं रूप्यकाणि}}
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || {{lang|ta|நூறு ரூபாய்}}
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{lang|te|నూరు రూపాయలు}}
|-
| [[Urdu language|Urdu]] || {{lang|ur|سو روپیے}}
|}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Money|Numismatics}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian currency}}
[[Category:Banknotes of India]]
[[Category:Rupee]]
[[Category:One-hundred-base-unit banknotes]]
[[Category:Currencies introduced in 2018]]

Pahargarh Caves

2025-12-24T12:48:04Z

Teamaksharhospital: new first article basic info

{{Short description|Archaeological site in India}}
The '''Pahargarh Caves''' are a [[cave complex]] containing [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[Cave painting|paintings]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]], near the village of [[Pahargarh]], 58 km southwest of [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]]. The most prominent of the caves is known locally as '''Likhichhaj'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://morena.nic.in/VisitingSabalgarh.html|title=Cave paintings in the cave shelters|website=The Worth Visiting Places of District|publisher=Morena District|access-date=11 July 2017}}</ref>

The paintings were discovered in 1979 by D. P. S. Dwarikesh, a professor of [[linguistics]] at the [[University of Michigan]], and Shri Ram Sharma, a civil engineer from Pahargarh. Dwarikesh and Sharma conducted preliminary surveys of the caves, documenting over 600 paintings, and speculated that there were thousands more. However, they were not able to obtain permission to excavate and the caves have not been investigated since.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/western_news/1039/|title=India cave project gets preliminary grant OK|date=4 December 1980|work=Western News|issue=14|volume=7}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/19811015-pahargarh-caves-clues-to-india-prehistory-773320-2013-10-31|title=Pahargarh caves: A wealth of archaeological treasure|last=Bobb|first=Dilip|date=15 October 1981|work=India Today|access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

Made with red and white [[ochre]]-based paints, the depictions include human and animal figures as well as abstract shapes.<ref name=":2" /> The dating of the paintings is uncertain. According to Dwarikesh, [[ostrich]] [[Eggshell|egg shells]] discovered in the caves were [[Radiocarbon dating|radiocarbon dated]] to 25,000 years ago,<ref name=":1" /> but they also discovered [[Iron Age in India|Iron Age]] artefacts dating to ca. 1500 BCE and the paintings themselves depict tools consistent with a date of 600 BCE.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMOgcqNS4bs&t=3s|title=History of pahargarh | पहाड़गढ़ का इतिहास|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Cave paintings in India]]
* [[Anangpur#Cave|Anangpur Caves]] ([[Faridabad]])
* [[Bhimbetka rock shelters]] ([[Bhopal]])
* [[Mangar Bani#Cave|Mangar Bani Caves]] ([[Gurugram]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book|title=Pahargarh Cave Paintings: A Glimpse of Indian Prehistory|last=Dwarikesh|first=Dwarika Prasad Sharma|publisher=Western Michigan University|year=1980}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Chambal Valley: A Heritage Treasure|last1=Willis|first1=Michael D.|last2=Maroo|first2=Pukhraj|last3=Misra|first3=Om Prakash|publisher=Bookwell|year=2010}}

{{Prehistoric caves}}

{{coord|26.211|77.769|display=title}}

[[Category:Caves of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Prehistoric art]]
[[Category:Rock art in India]]
[[Category:Caves containing pictograms in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Morena district]]
[[Category:Prehistoric art in India]]

{{India-hist-stub}}
{{asia-archaeology-stub}}

1961 IFA Shield final

2025-12-23T21:18:45Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 1961 IFA Shield final
| image =
| caption =
| event = [[IFA Shield|1961 IFA Shield]]
| team1 = [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
| team2 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| details = Joint winners declared after a [[Replay (sports)#Association football|replay]]
| firstleg = Final
| team1score1 = 0
| team2score1 = 0
| date1 = 26 September 1961
| stadium1 = [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal–Mohun Bagan Ground]]
| city1 = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| referee1 = Nrisingha Chatterjee
| attendance1 = 30,000 (estd.)
| secondleg = Replay
| team1score2 = 0
| team2score2 = 0
| date2 = 27 September 1961
| stadium2 = [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal–Mohun Bagan Ground]]
| city2 = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| referee2 = Nrisingha Chatterjee
| attendance2 = 30,000 (estd.)
| weather =
| previous = 1960
| next = 1962
}}

The '''1961 IFA Shield final''' was the 60th final of the [[IFA Shield]], the second oldest football competition in [[India]], and was contested between Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] on 26 September 1961 first which ended in a draw and then a replay on 27 September 1961 at the [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal–Mohun Bagan Ground]] in Kolkata respectively.

Both teams failed to score in either of the finals and were declared as joint winners. Mohun Bagan lifted their eight titles while East Bengal won their seventh IFA Shield title.<ref name=rsssf>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=10 October 2022|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|title=India - List of IFA Shield Finals|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref>

==Route to the final==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
!Round
!colspan="2"| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|- style="background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|colspan="1"|Result
|Round
|Opponent
|colspan="1"|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Burnpur United
|colspan="1"|9–0
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Third Round
|style="text-align:left"|[[Wari AC|Wari]]
|colspan="1"|3–1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|International
|colspan="1"|3–0
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Quarter–Final
|style="text-align:left"|Mahishur
|colspan="1"|3–1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]]
|colspan="1"|0–0; 2–0
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Semi–Final
|style="text-align:left"|[[Indian Navy (football team)|Indian Navy]]
|colspan="1"|2–1
|-
|}

==Match==
===Summary===
The IFA Shield final began at the [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]] in Kolkata on 26 September 1958 in front of a packed crowd as Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] faced each other in a [[Kolkata Derby]]. Mohun Bagan, the defending champions, made their fourteenth appearance in the final after they defeated [[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]] 2–0 in the semi-final, having won it seven times previously in 1911, 1947, 1948, 1952, 1954, 1956, and 1960. East Bengal reached their eleventh final after defeating [[Indian Navy (football team)|Indian Navy]] 2–1 in the semi-final, having won the title six times previously in 1943, 1945, 1949, 1950, 1951, and 1958.<ref name=rsssf/>

Both teams tried to take control of the game but neither failed to create chances as both teams cancelled each other out. Salauddin of Mohun Bagan and [[Sukumar Samajpati]] of East Bengal got chances but failed to score as the game ended in a 0–0 draw. The IFA Shield committee decided to host the replay final the very next day.<ref name=final>{{cite news |date=27 September 1961 |title= আই এফ এ শিল্ড ফাইনাল অমীমাংসিত |trans-title=IFA Shield Final remains undecided |language=bn |work=Jugantor }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=27 September 1961 |title=I.F.A. TOURNEY FINAL UNDECIDED |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19610927&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |work=The Indian Express |access-date=30 November 2022 }}</ref>

===Details===
{{football box
|date=26 September 1961
|time=15:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
|report=
|team2=[[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|score= 0–0
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=30,000 (est.)
|referee=Nrisingha Chatterjee}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _collar_buttons_2
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 234f1e
| body = 800000
| rightarm = 234f1e
| shorts = ffffff
| socks = ffffff
| title = Mohun Bagan
}}
|{{Football kit
|pattern_b = _EastBengal_12_13_Home
|pattern_la =
|pattern_ra =
|pattern_sh =
|pattern_so = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm = FFDF00
|body = FFDF00
|rightarm = FF0000
|shorts = 000000
|socks = FF0000
|title = East Bengal
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Sanath Sett
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Prasanta Sarkhel
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail SIngh]]
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[T. Abdul Rahman]]
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mariappa Kempaiah]]
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Amiya Banerjee
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Dipu Das
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Amal Chakraborty
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Salauddin
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chuni Goswami]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arumainayagam]]
|-
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Abani Bose
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Chitto Chanda ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Bikramjit Debnath
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Ghosh]]
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Srikanta Banerjee
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ram Bahadur Chettri]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sukumar Samajpati]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Nilesh Sarkar
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Sunil Nandy
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Baloo
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dharmalingam Kannan]]
|-
|}
|}

{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''
*70 minutes.
*Replay if scores still level.
*No Substitutes.
|}

==Replay==
===Summary===
The replay final began at the [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]] in Kolkata on 27 September 1961 after the first game ended in a 0–0 stalemate.

Mohun Bagan kicked off the match and [[Chuni Goswami]] tried a long-range effort at the very first minute which was easily collected by East Bengal custodian Abani Bose. East Bengal counterattacked in the fourth minute, but T. Rahman blocked the shot by [[Dharmalingam Kannan]] for a corner. Kannan got another opportunity in the seventeenth minute when his shot was saved by Sanath Sett and rebounded off the crossbar onto the feet of [[Sukumar Samajpati]], whose shot again struck the crossbar and went out. In the thirty-first minute, Nilesh Sarkar once again hit the crossbar as East Bengal failed to score. The second half begun in the same way as East Bengal struck the post for the fourth time, when Kannan took a powerful shot in the thirty-eighth minute. Mohun Bagan too got some few chances in the second half but failed to score as the game ended 0–0 in regulation time. An additional fifteen minutes of [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] was played but both teams failed to break the deadlock as the game ended in a 0–0 draw. The IFA decided to declare both the teams as joint winners of the competition. Mohun Bagan captain Chuni Goswami defeated East Bengal captain Citto Chanda in the coin toss which decided that Bagan would keep the Shield for the first six months, followed by East Bengal.<ref name=rsssf/><ref name=finalreplay>{{cite news |date=28 September 1961 |title= মোহনবাগান ও ইস্টবেঙ্গল যুগ্ম বিজয়ী সাব্যস্ত |trans-title=Mohun Bagan and East Bengal declared joint winners |language=bn |work=Jugantor }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=28 September 1961 |title=BAGAN, EAST BENGAL SHARE TROPHY |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19610928&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |work=The Indian Express |access-date=30 November 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Debayan|last=Sen|date=1 August 2020|url=https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4139529/a-century-of-excellence-east-bengals-greatest-hits|title=A century of excellence: East Bengal's greatest hits|work=ESPN|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Novy|last=Kapadia|date=5 October 2013|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/tulsidas-balaram-the-tormented-genius-of-indian-football|title=Tulsidas Balaram - The tormented genius of Indian football|work=Sportskeeda|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 August 2017|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/ahmed-khan-no-more/article19573941.ece|title=Barefoot footballer Ahmed Khan no more|work=The Hindu|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref>

===Details===
{{football box
|date=27 September 1961
|time=15:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
|report=
|team2=[[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|score= 0–0
|aet=yes
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=30,000 (est.)
|referee=Nrisingha Chatterjee}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _collar_buttons_2
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 234f1e
| body = 800000
| rightarm = 234f1e
| shorts = ffffff
| socks = ffffff
| title = Mohun Bagan
}}
|{{Football kit
|pattern_b = _EastBengal_12_13_Home
|pattern_la =
|pattern_ra =
|pattern_sh =
|pattern_so = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm = FFDF00
|body = FFDF00
|rightarm = FF0000
|shorts = 000000
|socks = FF0000
|title = East Bengal
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Sanath Sett
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Prasanta Sarkhel
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail SIngh]]
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[T. Abdul Rahman]]
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mariappa Kempaiah]]
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Amiya Banerjee
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Dipu Das
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Amal Chakraborty
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Salauddin
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chuni Goswami]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arumainayagam]]
|-
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Abani Bose
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Chitto Chanda ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Bikramjit Debnath
|-
|DF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun Ghosh]]
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Srikanta Banerjee
|-
|MF || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ram Bahadur Chettri]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sukumar Samajpati]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Nilesh Sarkar
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Sunil Nandy
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Baloo
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dharmalingam Kannan]]
|-
|}
|}

{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''
*70 minutes.
*15 minutes of [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] if game ends in a draw.
*Joint winners if game ends in a draw after extra time.
*No Substitutes.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html IFA Shield Finals]

{{IFA Shield}}
{{East Bengal Club}}
{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}

[[Category:IFA Shield finals]]
[[Category:1961–62 in Indian football]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club matches]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant matches]]
[[Category:Football competitions in Kolkata]]

Devesh Kumar

2025-12-20T14:47:16Z

Teamaksharhospital: Adding bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 17 March 2021
| constituency = ''Nominated''
| office1 = General Secretary of [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar]]
| term_start1 = 20 March 2020
| term_end1 = 24 March 2023
| president1 = [[Sanjay Jaiswal]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1964|8|30}}
| birth_place =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| father = Mahesh Kumar
| relatives = [[Yamuna Karjee]] (grandfather)
| education = [[M.A.]], [[M.Phil]]
| profession = Politician
| source = https://vidhanparishad.bihar.gov.in/profile/44
}}
'''Devesh Kumar''' is an Indian politician and current member of the [[Bihar Legislative Council]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2021 |title=Bihar Governor nominates 12 MLCs from his quota |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/bihar-governor-nominates-12-mlcs-from-his-quota20210317214506/ |access-date= |website=ANI News |language=}}</ref> He has also held a leadership/organizational role within the Bihar BJP as a state general secretary, involved in party communications and strategy.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 March 2020 |title=Bihar BJP's new team of office-bearers announced |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bihar-bjp-s-new-team-of-office-bearers-announced-120032001007_1.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Business-Standard |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2021 |title='It's PM Modi who inspired me to join politics' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/its-pm-modi-who-inspired-me-to-join-politics/articleshow/81593436.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Devesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Members of the Bihar Legislative Council]]

{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}

Automotive Square metro station

2025-12-19T17:50:54Z

Teamaksharhospital: page edit

{{short description|Nagpur Metro's Orange Line terminal metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Automotive Square
| style = Nagpur Metro
| type = {{Nagpur Metro Infobox station line|line=Orange}}
| image =
| address = Sidharth Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440026
| coordinates = {{coord|21.18573|79.11968|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (MAHA-METRO)
| operator = [[Nagpur Metro]]
| lines = {{rcb|Nagpur Metro|Orange|croute}}
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → Train Terminates Here Platform-2 → [[Khapri metro station|Khapri]]
| tracks = 2
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| status = Operational
| opening = {{start date and age|df=yes|12 December 2022}}
| electrified = 750 V DC [[third rail]]
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Nagpur Metro|line=Orange|left=|to-left=Automotive Square|right=Nari Road|to-right=Khapri}}
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_dot_label =
| route_map = {{Nagpur Metro North-South Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Nagpur Metro|Orange}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Automotive Square''' is the elevated northern terminal metro station on the North-South Corridor of the [[Orange Line (Nagpur Metro)|Orange Line]] of [[Nagpur Metro]] in [[Nagpur]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi Inaugurates Nagpur Metro, Flags Off 6th Vande Bharat Train |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-inaugurates-nagpur-metro-flags-off-6th-vande-bharat-train-3596721 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> This metro station was inaugurated on 11 December 2022 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and was opened to the public on 12 December 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-05 |title=PM Modi to launch remaining routes in Nagpur Metro phase-I on December 11 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/nagpur/pm-modi-launch-routes-nagpur-metro-phase-i-december-11-8307057/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-11 |title=PM Modi inaugurates Phase-I of Nagpur Metro, takes a ride |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/pm-modi-inaugurates-phase-i-of-nagpur-metro-takes-a-ride-355940-2022-12-11 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Automotive Square track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Nagpur Metro|Orange}}
| title color = white
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to Train Terminates Here
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Nagpur Metro|Nari Road}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → [[Khapri metro station|Khapri]] '''Next Station:''' [[Nari Road metro station|Nari Road]]
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← Train Terminates Here
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Nagpur]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[List of Nagpur Metro stations]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid transit in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.metrorailnagpur.com/network-map|name=Nagpur Metro Official Website}}

{{Nagpur Metro navbox}}

[[Category:Nagpur Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]

Alayamon

2025-12-13T09:42:21Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Alayamon
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.8842700|N|76.965280|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = beautiful village with forests. most people are farmers.
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 12219
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Alayamon ''' is a village in [[Kollam district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |author=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=8 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Alayamon had a population of 12219 with 5734 males and 6485 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alayamon Village Population - Pathanapuram - Kollam, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628402-alayamon-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kollam district]]
{{Kollam district}}

{{Kollam-geo-stub}}

INS Vela (S40)

2025-12-12T15:07:05Z

Teamaksharhospital: added references

{{other ships|INS Vela}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=India
|flag= {{shipboxflag|India|naval 2004}}
|name= INS ''Vela''
|namesake=''Vela'' ([[Stingray]])
|ordered=
|builder=
|laid_down=
|launched=28 January 1972
|acquired=
|commissioned= 31 August 1973
|decommissioned= 25 June 2010
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|fate=
|status=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class= {{sclass|Vela|submarine}}
|type=
|displacement=*{{convert|1952|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|2475|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged
|length= {{convert|91.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|beam= {{convert|7.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|draught= {{convert|6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|propulsion=
|speed=*{{convert|16|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
*{{convert|15|kn}} submerged
|range=*{{convert|20000|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|8|kn|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|380|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}} submerged
|test_depth= {{convert|250|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|complement= 75 (incl 8 officers)
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=*10 x {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s with 22 SET-65E/SAET-60 torpedoes
*44 [[Naval mine|mines]] in lieu of torpedoes
|armour=
|notes=
}}
}}
'''INS ''Vela'' (S40)''' was the [[lead ship]] of four [[diesel-electric submarine|diesel-electric]] [[Vela-class submarine]]s of the [[Indian Navy]]. The submarine was commissioned on 31 August 1973 in [[Riga]], [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvian SSR]]. Along with her sister ship [[INS Vagli (S42)|''Vagli'']], she spent almost 10 years undergoing a protracted refit by [[Hindustan Shipyard]].<ref name="indiatoday2008">{{cite news|last1=Unnithan|first1=Sandeep|title=Navy's sub induction plan suffers blow|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/web-exclusive/story/navy-s-sub-induction-plan-suffers-blow-33547-2008-11-17|work=India Today|date=17 November 2008}}</ref> After 37 years of service, the submarine was decommissioned on 25 June 2010. The submarine was claimed by the [[Eastern Naval Command]] to be the oldest operational submarine in the world at the time of her decommissioning.<ref name=in-vela>{{cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_vela.htm |title=Submarines of Indian Navy |access-date=6 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619071238/http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_vela.htm |archive-date=19 June 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/visakhapatnam/ins-vela-decommissioned-363 |title=INS Vela decommissioned |access-date=5 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025824/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/visakhapatnam/ins-vela-decommissioned-363 |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Staff Reporter|title=INS Vela decommissioned|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/INS-Vela-decommissioned/article16268935.ece|access-date=25 January 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Special Correspondent|title=Submarine to be decommissioned|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/Submarine-to-be-decommissioned/article16265637.ece|date=24 June 2010|access-date=18 June 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref>

''Vela'' is the name of an Indian fish from the [[stingray]] species known for its aggression and offensive power, and the ability to camouflage itself from predators.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Huma|last=Siddiqui|date=2021-11-25|title=Indian Navy gets new deadly submarine! INS Vela gets commissioned|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indian-navy-gets-new-deadly-submarine-ins-vela-gets-commissioned/2375891/|access-date=2021-11-25|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vela (S40)}}
[[Category:Vela-class submarines]]
[[Category:1972 ships]]
[[Category:Foxtrot-class submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built at Admiralty Shipyard]]
[[Category:Museums in Chennai]]

{{submarine-stub}}
{{India-mil-stub}}

Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology

2025-12-02T16:24:39Z

Teamaksharhospital: updated page

{{Short description|Agricultural university in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology
| image = Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology logo.png
| image_size = 160px
| motto =
| type = [[State university (India)|State University (Government)]]
| chancellor = [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]
| vice_chancellor = Shri K. Vijayendra Pandian
| dean =
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|1975}}
| city = [[Kanpur]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{Coord|26.49122|N|80.307012|E|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]]
| free_label1 =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| affiliations = [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]], [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] B+
| website = [http://www.csauk.ac.in www.csauk.ac.in]
}}
'''Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology''' ('''CSAUA&T''') is an [[agriculture|agricultural]] [[university]] at [[Kanpur]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is named after the [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|Indian revolutionary]] [[Chandrashekhar Azad]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=UniversityKart |title=Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur: Courses, Admission 2025, Fees, Scholarship, Placements, Ranking |url=https://universitykart.com/university/universitydetails/chandra-shekhar-azad-university-of-agriculture-and-technology-kanpur |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=universitykart.com |language=English}}</ref> Besides [[Kanpur]], it also has constituent colleges (also known as campuses) in [[Etawah]], [[Hardoi]] and [[Lakhimpur Kheri district]]. The university caters to the needs of the farming community of 29 districts of Uttar Pradesh.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
A small school was started in 1893 at Kanpur to provide training to revenue officers. It gradually grew to the status of a Government Agricultural College (1906), the U.P. Institute of Agricultural Sciences (1969) and a full-fledged university in 1975. U.P. College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] was merged with the university at that time.

==Colleges==
The university comprises eight colleges:
* In [[Kanpur]]: College of Agriculture, College of Home Science, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture,
* In [[Etawah]]: Baba Saheb Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Dairy Technology, College of Fisheries,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csauk.ac.in/|publisher=Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology|title=Home page|access-date=18 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912143711/http://csauk.ac.in/|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=dead}} Under "Academics".</ref> and
* two other in [[Hardoi]] and [[Lakhimpur Kheri district]]: College of Agriculture.

==Admission policy ==
Students are admitted to the undergraduate programme through UPCATET (Uttar Pradesh Combined Agriculture & Technology Entrance Test) conducted by Agriculture Universities one by one of UP, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh and CUET (Common Universities Entrance Test). Seats are allotted according to the merit of the students in UPCATET and their choice at the time of counselling 2008-09 onward students are taken through UPCATET and CUET. Now this year for 2020-21 session this Entrance exam is conducted by CSAUA&T, Kanpur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upcatet.org/ |title=Home |website=upcatet.org}}</ref>

==Research==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
The extensive research effort in the university takes place under director of the Agricultural Research Station. It is divided into the following research sections:
* Economic Botanist ([[Rabi crop|Rabi]] [[Cereal]]s) established in 1904 as the first Economic Botanist of India (along with [[Faisalabad|Lyallpur]], now in [[Pakistan]]).
* [[Barley]] Section
* Economic Botanist ([[Legumes]])
* Economic Botanist ([[Oilseed]])

The university has developed and released more than 150 early maturing, high yielding, and disease/insect resistant crop varieties/hybrids of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, [[vegetable]]s, [[cotton]], 29 of these in the last three years.{{when|date=April 2018}} It has contributed to the evolution of agro-techniques suited individual situations.

==Extension==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
The university provides training to farmers and officials in agricultural technologies. An Agricultural Technology Information Centre at the main gate provides information to the farmers in the region.

==Notable alumni==
* [[Kishan Singh (biologist)|Kishan Singh]], plant pathologist and [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] recipient{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}
* [[Hargovind Bhargava]], ex-MLA<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://myneta.info/up2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=49 | title=Hargovind Bharagav(Bahujan Samaj Party(BSP)):Constituency- SIDHAULI (SC)(SITAPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate }}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.csauk.ac.in Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology website]

{{Kanpur|state=collapsed}}
{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Kanpur division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology}}
[[Category:Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology| ]]
[[Category:Agricultural universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kanpur]]
[[Category:Universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Memorials to Chandra Shekhar Azad]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1975]]

Yumnam Sanathoi Devi

2025-11-25T14:07:31Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting the bio v1!

{{short description|Indian wushu athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Yumnam Sanathoi Devi
| image = The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Arjuna Award for the year-2015 to Ms. Y. Sanathoi Devi for Wushu, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2015.jpg
| caption = The President, [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the [[Arjuna Award]] for the year-2015 to Y. Sanathoi Devi for Wushu.
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|1 February 1989}}
| birth_place = [[Yairipok]], [[Manipur]], India
| weight = 52 kg
| country = India
| sport = [[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]]
| event = [[Sanda (sport)|Sanda]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Sanda (sport)|Sanda]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[World Wushu Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver | [[2011 World Wushu Championships|2011 Ankara]] | 48 kg}}
{{MedalSilver | [[2013 World Wushu Championships|2013 Kuala Lumpur]] | 48 kg}}
{{MedalSilver | [[2015 World Wushu Championships|2015 Jakarta]] | 52 kg}}
{{MedalSilver | [[2019 World Wushu Championships|2019 Shanghai]] | 52 kg}}
}}
''' Yumnam Sanathoi Devi''' is an Indian [[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]] player, martial artist and athlete. She was awarded the [[Arjuna Award]] by the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]], [[Government of India]] in 2015 for [[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]]. She won a bronze medal at the [[2014 Incheon Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Games 2014 : Y Sanathoi Devi wins bronze |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Sport1..240914.sep14 |agency=The Sangai Express |publisher=e-pao.net |date=23 September 2014}}</ref> She also won a bronze medal in the [[World Wushu Championships|2014 World Cup]] held at [[Indonesia]] and a silver medal in [[World Wushu Championships|World Championships]] in 2011 and 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yumnam Sanathoi receives Arjuna award |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Sport1..300815.aug15 |agency=The Sangai Express |publisher=e-pao.net |date=29 August 2015}}</ref> She won the bronze medal in the 13th [[World Wushu Championships]] in November 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=India Assured of Three Medals at World Wushu Championship |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/india-assured-of-three-medals-at-world-wushu-championship-1490813 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=16 November 2015 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116141410/https://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/india-assured-of-three-medals-at-world-wushu-championship-1490813 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2016, Devi won a silver for India in 52 kg category at the 8th Sanda World Cup, held in [[Xi'an]], [[China]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian wushu team win 5 medals in 8th Sanda World Cup |url=https://dt.andaman.gov.in/DetailNews.aspx?newsid=/QzciVTis29KpjYBNdrQrYezyagP3fzYkyXcSqsr24c= |publisher=dt.andaman.gov.in |date=8 November 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |access-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110053831/https://dt.andaman.gov.in/DetailNews.aspx?newsid=/QzciVTis29KpjYBNdrQrYezyagP3fzYkyXcSqsr24c= |url-status=dead }}</ref>

She hails from [[Yairipok]] Top Chingtha village in [[Thoubal district]] of [[Manipur]], India. She took up traditional Chinese martial arts [[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]] in 2003 under the guidance of Maibam Surbala Devi and later under Moirangthem Ibomcha Meitei.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

== Awards ==
She was awarded by the [[Government of India]], the prestigious [[Arjuna Award]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arjuna awardee Yumnam Sanathoi Devi accorded warm welcome |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Sport3..310815.aug15 |publisher=E-pao |date=30 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barua |first1=Suhrid |title=World Wushu Championship silver medallist Sanathoi Devi won't settle without a gold |url=https://thebridge.in/featured/world-wushu-championship-silver-medallist-sanathoi-devi-wont-settle-without-gold/ |publisher=The Bridge |date=20 November 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Y. Sanathoi}}
[[Category:Indian sanshou practitioners]]
[[Category:Indian female martial artists]]
[[Category:Martial artists from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in wushu]]
[[Category:Wushu practitioners at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Wushu practitioners at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Wushu practitioners at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:1989 births]]

{{India-martialart-bio-stub}}

Enikapadu

2025-11-23T03:10:58Z

Teamaksharhospital: Adding details

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Enikapadu
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|15|30|45|N|79|52|25|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Amaravathi mandal, Andhra Pradesh|Amaravathi]]
| parts_type = Wards
| parts =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part B) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=1 June 2019 |pages=14,252 |date=2011}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–8640
| registration_plate_type =
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|AP]]
}}

'''Enikapadu''' is a village in [[Guntur district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Amaravathi mandal, Andhra Pradesh|Amaravathi mandal]] of [[Guntur revenue division]].<ref name="census" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Murty |first1=M. L. K. |title=Pre- and Protohistoric Andhra Pradesh Up to 500 B.C. |date=2003 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=9788125024750 |page=126 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yK8D8c5-HXAC&q=Chevapadu&pg=PA126 |accessdate=25 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Guntur-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]

2012 Deccan Chargers season

2025-10-06T07:52:23Z

Teamaksharhospital: Added The Article Basic Info

{{Short description|Indian cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Deccan Chargers
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]]
| coach = [[Darren Lehmann]]
| captain = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] [[Cameron White]]<ref name="captainwhite" group="nb">[[Cameron White]] acted as the captain in the first match as Sangakkara left the squad on the national duty for the [[English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2011–12|England tour of Sri Lanka]].</ref><ref name="squad review"/>
| colors =
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]] (Capacity: 55,000)<ref name="homeground" group="nb">Only four home-matches of the Deccan Chargers for the [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012 IPL]] were conducted in Hyderabad and the rest were shifted to the multiple stadiums.</ref>
| comp1 = [[2012 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Group Stage (8th)
| prevseason = [[Deccan Chargers in 2011|2011]]
| nextseason = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2013|2013 (Sunrisers Hyderabad)]]
| most runs= [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (569)
| most wickets= [[Dale Steyn]] (18)
| most catches= [[JP Duminy]] (6) [[Daniel Christian]] (6)
| most dismissals= [[Kumar Sangakkara]] (9)
|}}

The [[Deccan Chargers]] (DC) were a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]], that competed in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), a professional [[Twenty20 cricket]] (T20) league in [[India]]. They were one of the nine teams that competed in the [[2012 Indian Premier League]], making their fifth appearance in all IPL tournaments. The team was captained by [[Kumar Sangakkara]] and coached by [[Darren Lehmann]].<ref name="squad review">{{cite web|last=Balachandran|first=Kanishkaa|title=Chargers bank on batting, fresh faces|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/559428.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 September 2018|date=1 April 2012}}</ref>

The Deccan Chargers started their campaign by losing their opening fixture of the IPL on 7 April against the [[Chennai Super Kings]] and failed to qualify for playoffs finishing eighth in the group stage.<ref name="R1 report">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title=Jadeja routs Deccan Chargers|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/548311|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 September 2018|date=7 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="R16 report"/> On 14 September 2012, the IPL governing council terminated the Deccan Chargers for breaching contract terms and put the Hyderabad franchise on auction.<ref name="termination"/> The bid was won by the [[Sun Network|Sun TV Network]] and the team was renamed as the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref name="Sun bid"/><ref name="Sunrisers"/>

==Player acquisition==
{{main|List of 2012 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
'''Players retained''': [[Akash Bhandari]], [[Bharat Chipli]], [[Daniel Christian]], [[Shikhar Dhawan]], [[Kedar Devdhar]], [[JP Duminy]], [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja|Ravi Teja Dwaraka]], [[Manpreet Gony]], [[Ishank Jaggi]], [[Chris Lynn]], [[Amit Mishra]], [[Anand Rajan]], [[Ashish Reddy]], [[Kumar Sangakkara]], [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]], [[Ishant Sharma]], [[Sunny Sohal]], [[Dale Steyn]], [[Rusty Theron]], [[Cameron White]], [[Arjun Yadav]]

'''Players released''': [[Michael Lumb (cricketer)|Michael Lumb]], [[Ishan Malhotra]], [[Jaydev Shah]]

'''Players traded away''':<ref name="harmeet">{{Cite web|last=Engineer|first=Tariq|title=McDonald moves to Royal Challengers Bangalore|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/548882.html|access-date=15 September 2018|date=11 January 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="ojha">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Ojha moves to Mumbai Indians|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/549419.html|access-date=15 September 2018|date=14 January 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="pietersen">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Kevin Pietersen transfers to Delhi Daredevils|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/548583.html|access-date=15 September 2018|date=8 January 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]], [[Pragyan Ojha]], [[Kevin Pietersen]]

'''Players acquired by trade''':<ref name="uncapped additions2"/> [[Abhishek Jhunjhunwala]]

'''Players added in the auction''':<ref name="auction">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=IPL 2012 auction: Who was sold to whom|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/552053.html|access-date=15 September 2018|date=4 February 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> [[Darren Bravo]], [[Daniel Harris (cricketer)|Daniel Harris]], [[Parthiv Patel]]

'''Uncapped players acquired''':<ref name="uncapped additions2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/556410.html|title=Deccan Chargers sign five domestic players|last=Engineer|first=Tariq|access-date=15 September 2018|date=6 March 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="uncapped additions1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/554185.html|title=Deccan Chargers sign Kenya's Mishra as "Indian"|last=Silgardio|first=Dustin|access-date=15 September 2018|date=18 February 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> [[Sneha Kishore|Sneha Kishore Chikkam]], [[Tanmay Mishra]], [[Syed Quadri]], [[Akshath Reddy]], [[Biplab Samantray]], [[Veer Pratap Singh]], [[Tanmay Srivastava]], [[TP Sudhindra|Sudhindra Taduri]], [[Tekkami Atchuta Rao|Atchuta Rao Tekkami]]

'''Players who withdrew from the competition''':<ref name="squad review"/><ref name="ishant injury">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/558851.html|title=Ankle surgery rules Ishant Sharma out of IPL|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|access-date=15 September 2018|date=26 March 2012|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> [[Darren Bravo]], [[Ishant Sharma]]

==Squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 Indian Premier League / Squads / Deccan Chargers|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/squad/556249.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=13 September 2018|date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
* '''Year signed Year''' is the season the player first signed for the team
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Year signed
!Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| '''[[Darren Bravo]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1989|02|06|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2012 || Overseas.<ref name="squad review"/>
|-
| [[Bharat Chipli]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1983|01|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Shikhar Dhawan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1985|12|05|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja|Ravi Teja Dwaraka]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1988|09|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2008 ||
|-
| [[Daniel Harris (cricketer)|Daniel Harris]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1979|12|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2012 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Ishank Jaggi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1989|10|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Abhishek Jhunjhunwala]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1982|12|01|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2012 ||
|-
| [[Chris Lynn]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1990|04|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Tanmay Mishra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1986|12|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2012 || Registered as an uncapped Indian player.<ref name="uncapped additions1"/>
|-
| [[Akshath Reddy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1991|02|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2012 ||
|-
| [[Sunny Sohal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1987|11|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Tanmay Srivastava]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1989|11|07|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2012 ||
|-
| '''[[Cameron White]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1983|08|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 || Overseas and [[Captain (cricket)|Vice-captain]].
|-
| [[Arjun Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1981|12|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2008 ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| '''[[Daniel Christian]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1983|05|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| '''[[JP Duminy]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1984|04|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Syed Quadri]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1981|12|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2012 ||
|-
| [[Ashish Reddy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1991|02|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2010 ||
|-
| [[Biplab Samantray]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1988|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2012 ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Kedar Devdhar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1989|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Parthiv Patel]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1985|03|09|df=y}} || Left-handed || || 2012 ||
|-
| '''[[Kumar Sangakkara]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1977|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 || Overseas and [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]].
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
| [[Akash Bhandari]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1993|06|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Sneha Kishore|Sneha Kishore Chikkam]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1993|12|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || 2012 ||
|-
| '''[[Manpreet Gony]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1984|01|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Amit Mishra]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1982|11|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Anand Rajan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1987|04|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1991|04|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || 2011 ||
|-style="background: #fcc"
| '''[[Ishant Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1988|09|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 || Ruled out of IPL due to ankle surgery.<ref name="ishant injury"/>
|-
| [[Veer Pratap Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1992|05|03|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2012 ||
|-
| '''[[Dale Steyn]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1983|06|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|- style="background: #fcc"
| [[TP Sudhindra|Sudhindra Taduri]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1984|04|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || 2012 || Suspended owing to the corruption allegations.<ref>{{cite news|last=S|first=Dinakar|title=BCCI suspends 5 cricketers after sting operation|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/bcci-suspends-5-cricketers-after-sting-operation/article3422290.ece|website=The Hindu|date=15 May 2012|access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tekkami Atchuta Rao|Atchuta Rao Tekkami]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1986|08|21|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2012 ||
|-
| '''[[Rusty Theron]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1985|06|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Kit Manufacturers
!Shirt Sponsor (Chest)
!Shirt Sponsor (Back)
!Chest Branding
|-
|[[Puma (brand)|Puma]]
|[[Emirates (airline)|Fly Emirates]]
|[[Jaypee Group|Jaypee Cements]]
|[[McDowell's No.1]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad and their ‘rise to the top’ jerseys|url=https://www.sportswallah.com/cricket/lifestyle/sunrisers-hyderabad-and-their-rise-to-the-top-jerseys|website=Sports Wallah|date=11 April 2017|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Deccan Chargers sign Emirates as team sponsor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Deccan-Chargers-sign-Emirates-as-team-sponsor/articleshow/12441294.cms|website=The Times of India|date=28 March 2012|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Rishi|title=Emirates to sponsor Deccan Chargers|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/emirates-to-sponsor-deccan-chargers/article23065826.ece|website=The Hindu Business Line|date=28 March 2012|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=TVS Motor Company and Jaypee Group tie up with Deccan Chargers|url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/tvs-motor-company-and-jaypee-group-tie-up-with-deccan-chargers/416146|website=Campaign India|date=2 April 2012|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>
|}

{{col-2}}
{| border-"0"
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b =
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 124F87
| body = 124F87
| rightarm = 124F87
| pants = 124F87
| title = T20 uniform
}}
|
|}
{{col-end}}

==Season overview==
{{main|2012 Indian Premier League}}

===Standings===
{{:2012 Indian Premier League|team=DC}}

=== Results by match ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= H/ H/ A/ A/ H/ A/ A/ A/ H/ A/ A/ H/ H/ A/ H/ H
|label2= Result
| res2= L/ L/ L/ L/ L/ D/ W/ L/ W/ L/ L/ L/ L/ L/ W/ W

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2|text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}

==Fixtures==
{{main|2012 Indian Premier League #Fixtures}}
:''All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])''

===Group stage===
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match6}} 7 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]] | venue = [[ACA-VDCA Stadium]], Visakhapatnam
| score2 = 119 (17.1 overs) | runs2 = [[Cameron White]] 23 (16) | wickets2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 5/16 (4 overs)
| score1 = 193/6 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 48 (29) | wickets1 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 74 runs | motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548311.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to field.
| bg = L
| round = Round 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match9}} 9 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | venue = [[ACA-VDCA Stadium]], Visakhapatnam
| score1 = 138/9 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 41 (24) | wickets1 = [[Munaf Patel]] 4/20 (4 overs)
| score2 = 142/5 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 73[[not out|*]] (50) | wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 3/12 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 5 wickets | motm = [[Rohit Sharma]] (Mumbai Indians)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548314.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| bg = L
| round = Round 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match20}} 17 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], Jaipur
| score2 = 197/5 (19.4 overs) | runs2 = [[Brad Hodge]] 48[[not out|*]] (21) | wickets2 = [[Siddharth Trivedi]] 1/27 (4 overs)
| score1 = 196/2 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[JP Duminy]] 58[[not out|*]] (26) | wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 5 wickets | motm = [[Brad Hodge]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548326.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| bg = L
| round = Round 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match23}} 19 April | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]], Delhi
| score2 = 162/5 (19.1 overs) | runs2 = [[Kevin Pietersen]] 103[[not out|*]] (64) | wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| score1 = 157/8 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 45 (27) | wickets1 = [[Morné Morkel]] 3/23 (4 overs)
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 5 wickets | motm = [[Kevin Pietersen]] (Delhi Daredevils)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548321.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| bg = L
| round = Round 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match29}} 22 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | venue = [[Barabati Stadium]], Cuttack
| score1 = 126/7 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 50 (50) | wickets1 = [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 127/5 (19 overs) | runs2 = [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]] 30[[not out|*]] (28) | wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 5 wickets | motm = [[Brett Lee]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548335.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] won the toss and elected to field.
| notes = The match had a delayed start, but was not shortened.<ref name="R5 repot">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/562200|title=Kolkata earn hard-fought points|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|first=George|last=Binoy|date=22 April 2012|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref>
| bg = L
| round = Round 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match32}} 24 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[Eden Gardens]], Kolkata
| score1 = | runs1 = | wickets1 =
| score2 = | runs2 = | wickets2 =
| result = Match abandoned
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548338.html Scorecard]
| rain = Match abandoned without a toss due to rain.
| bg = A
| round = Round 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match35}} 26 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Pune Warriors India]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[Pune International Cricket Centre|Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium]], Pune
| score2 = 159/7 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 29 (27) | wickets2 = [[Ashish Reddy]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| score1 = 177/4 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Cameron White]] 78 (46) | wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 1/34 (4 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 18 runs | motm = [[Cameron White]] (Deccan Chargers)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548341.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| bg = W
| round = Round 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match40}} 29 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], Mumbai
| score2 = 101/5 (18.1 overs) | runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 42 (48) | wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/10 (4 overs)
| score1 = 100 (18.4 overs) | runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 29 (32) | wickets1 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 4/16 (3.4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 5 wickets | motm = [[Dale Steyn]] (Deccan Chargers)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548346.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Mumbai Indians]] won the toss and elected to field.
| notes =
| bg = L
| round = Round 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match42}} 1 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Pune Warriors India]] | venue = [[Barabati Stadium]], Cuttack
| score1 = 186/4 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 82 (52) | wickets1 = [[Wayne Parnell]] 1/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 173/5 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 47[[Not out|*]] (27) | wickets2 = [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] 1/9 (2 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 13 runs | motm = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] (Deccan Chargers)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548348.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| bg = W
| round = Round 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match46}} 4 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], Chennai
| score1 = 160/6 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Francois du Plessis]] 42 (35) | wickets1 = [[Veer Pratap Singh]] 2/35 (3 overs)
| score2 = 150/5 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[Cameron White]] 77 (53) | wickets2 = [[Suresh Raina]] 1/5 (1 over)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 10 runs | motm = [[Suresh Raina]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548352.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Chennai Super Kings]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| notes =
| bg = L
| round = Round 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match50}} 6 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], Bangalore
| score2 = 185/5 (18.5 overs) | runs2 = [[Tillakaratne Dilshan]] 71 (54) | wickets2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| score1 = 181/2 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 73[[not out|*]] (52) | wickets1 = [[Prasanth Parameswaran]] 1/45 (4 overs)
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 5 wickets | motm = [[AB de Villiers]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548356.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won the toss and elected to field.
| notes =
| bg = L
| round = Round 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match53}} 8 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], Hyderabad
| score2 = 145/8 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[Daniel Harris (cricketer)|Daniel Harris]] 30 (29) | wickets2 = [[David Hussey]] 2/2 (1 over)
| score1 = 170/5 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Mandeep Singh]] 75 (48) | wickets1 = [[Ashish Reddy]] 2/39 (4 overs)
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 25 runs | motm = [[Mandeep Singh]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548359.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to field.
| notes =
| bg = L
| round = Round 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match55}} 10 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], Hyderabad
| score1 = 187/4 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 84 (49) | wickets1 = [[Varun Aaron]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| score2 = 193/1 (16.4 overs) | runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 109[[not out|*]] (54) | wickets2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 1/27 (2 overs)
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 9 wickets | motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (Delhi Daredevils)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548329.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| notes =
| bg = L
| round = Round 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match61}} 13 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], Chandigarh
| score1 = 190/4 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 71 (50) | wickets1 = [[Azhar Mahmood]] 2/39 (4 overs)
| score2 = 194/6 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[David Hussey]] 65[[not out|*]] (35) | wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 4 wickets | motm = [[David Hussey]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548366.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Deccan Chargers]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| bg = L
| round = Round 14
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match68}} 18 May | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H) | team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], Hyderabad
| score1 = 126/8 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 39 (36) | wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| score2 = 128/5 (18.4 overs) | runs1 = [[Akshath Reddy]] 42 (35) | wickets1 = [[Siddharth Trivedi]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 5 wickets | motm = [[Dale Steyn]] (Deccan Chargers)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548373.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Rajasthan Royals]] won the toss and elected to bat.
| bg = W
| round = Round 15
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match71}} 20 May | time = 16:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], Hyderabad
| score1 = 132/7 (20 overs) | runs1 = [[JP Duminy]] 74 (53) | wickets1 = [[Vinay Kumar]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 123/9 (20 overs) | runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 42 (40) | wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 3/8 (4 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 9 runs | motm = [[Dale Steyn]] (Deccan Chargers)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548376.html Scorecard]
| toss = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] won the toss and elected to field.
| bg = W
| round = Round 16
}}

==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-style="text-align:center;"
!Name
!{{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}}
!Runs
!{{Tooltip | HS | High Score}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Batting Average}}
!{{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}}
!{{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}}
!{{Tooltip | BBI | Best Bowling in an Innings}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Bowling Average}}
!{{Tooltip | Eco | Bowling Economy}}
!{{Tooltip | Ct | Catches}}
!{{Tooltip | St | Stumpings}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|JP|Duminy}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|244|244}} || {{sort|740|74}} || {{sort|8133|81.33}} || {{sort|12842|128.42}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|192|1/8}} || {{sort|10400|104.00}} || {{sort|0866|8.66}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Cameron|White}} || {{sort|13|13}} || {{sort|479|479}} || {{sort|780|78}} || {{sort|4354|43.54}} || {{sort|14968|149.68}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|0900|9.00}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}} || {{sort|15|15}} || {{sort|569|569}} || {{sort|840|84}} || {{sort|4064|40.64}} || {{sort|12961|129.61}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|192|1/8}} || {{sort|01833|18.33}} || {{sort|0916|9.16}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Daniel|Christian}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|145|145}} || {{sort|390|39}} || {{sort|2900|29.00}} || {{sort|12288|122.88}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|274|2/26}} || {{sort|02912|29.12}} || {{sort|0862|8.62}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Daniel|Harris|Daniel Harris (cricketer)}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|111|111}} || {{sort|470|47}} || {{sort|2775|27.75}} || {{sort|10990|109.90}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|0866|8.66}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Akshath|Reddy}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|073|73}} || {{sort|420|42}} || {{sort|2433|24.33}} || {{sort|12372|123.72}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Kumar|Sangakkara}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|200|200}} || {{sort|820|82}} || {{sort|1818|18.18}} || {{sort|10869|108.69}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|00|0}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Parthiv|Patel}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|194|194}} || {{sort|450|45}} || {{sort|1763|17.63}} || {{sort|11757|117.57}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|01|1}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Bharat|Chipli}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|037|37}} || {{sort|251|25[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|1233|12.33}} || {{sort|10571|105.71}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Abhishek|Jhunjhunwala}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|024|24}} || {{sort|190|19}} || {{sort|1200|12.00}} || {{sort|09230|92.30}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|187|1/13}} || {{sort|03800|38.00}} || {{sort|0633|6.33}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ashish|Reddy}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|035|35}} || {{sort|101|10[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0875|8.75}} || {{sort|12068|120.68}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|375|3/25}} || {{sort|02154|21.54}} || {{sort|0872|8.72}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ishank|Jaggi}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|015|15}} || {{sort|101|10[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0750|7.50}} || {{sort|07142|71.42}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ankit|Sharma|Ankit Sharma (cricketer)}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|018|18}} || {{sort|150|15}} || {{sort|0600|6.00}} || {{sort|13846|138.46}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|191|1/9}} || {{sort|04125|41.25}} || {{sort|0682|6.82}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Chris|Lynn}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|006|6}} || {{sort|060|6}} || {{sort|0600|6.00}} || {{sort|06666|66.66}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Amit|Mishra}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|016|16}} || {{sort|081|8[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0533|5.33}} || {{sort|08000|80.00}} || {{sort|13|13}} || {{sort|368|3/32}} || {{sort|02900|29.00}} || {{sort|0802|8.02}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Manpreet|Gony}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|004|4}} || {{sort|040|4}} || {{sort|0400|4.00}} || {{sort|05000|50.00}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|174|1/26}} || {{sort|06900|69.00}} || {{sort|0862|8.62}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Dale|Steyn}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|019|19}} || {{sort|070|7}} || {{sort|0380|3.80}} || {{sort|09047|90.47}} || {{sort|18|18}} || {{sort|392|3/8}} || {{sort|01583|15.83}} || {{sort|0610|6.10}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ravi Teja|Dwaraka|Dwaraka Ravi Teja}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|004|4}} || {{sort|040|4}} || {{sort|0200|2.00}} || {{sort|10000|100.00}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Veer Pratap|Singh}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|269|2/31}} || {{sort|02960|29.60}} || {{sort|0870|8.70}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Rusty|Theron}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|007|7}} || {{sort|071|7[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|11666|116.66}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|263|2/37}} || {{sort|03300|33.00}} || {{sort|0825|8.25}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Biplab|Samantray}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|002|2}} || {{sort|021|2[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|10000|100.00}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Sudhindra|Taduri|TP Sudhindra}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|001|0[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|154|1/46}} || {{sort|13600|136.00}} || {{sort|1165|11.65}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Anand|Rajan}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|189|1/11}} || {{sort|03633|36.33}} || {{sort|0921|9.21}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Tanmay|Mishra}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|}
Source: [http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=6680;team=4347;type=tournament 2012 IPL Statistics Full Table on ESPNcricinfo]

==Awards and achievements==
===Awards===
;Man of the Match
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Player
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Contribution
!Ref
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2012|2=4|3=26|format=dmy}} || [[Cameron White]] || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium|Pune]] || Won by 18 runs || 78 (46) || <ref name="R7 report">{{cite web|last=Ravindran|first=Siddarth|title=White finally fires, Deccan finally win|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/548341|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 September 2018|date=26 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2012|2=4|3=29|format=dmy}} || [[Dale Steyn]] || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Lost by 5 wickets || 3 (5) & 2/10 (4 overs) || <ref name="R8 report">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title=Deccan lose close game, again|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/548346|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 September 2018|date=29 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || {{dts|1=2012|2=5|3=01|format=dmy}} || [[Kumar Sangakkara]] || Pune Warriors India || [[Barabati Stadium|Cuttack]] || Won by 13 runs || 82 (52) || <ref name="R9 report">{{cite web|last=Balachandran|first=Kanishkaa|title=Deccan complete double over Pune|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/548348|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 September 2018|date=1 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || {{dts|1=2012|2=5|3=18|format=dmy}} || Dale Steyn || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] || Won by 5 wickets || 2/16 (4 overs) || <ref name="R15 report">{{cite web|last=Ravindran|first=Siddharth|title=Rajasthan crash out as batting flops|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/548373|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 September 2018|date=18 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || {{dts|1=2012|2=5|3=20|format=dmy}} || Dale Steyn || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || Hyderabad || Won by 9 runs || 3/8 (4 overs) || <ref name="R16 report">{{cite web|last=Balachandran|first=Kanishkaa|title=Steyn, Duminy help Deccan knock out RCB|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/548376|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 September 2018|date=20 May 2012}}</ref>
|}

===Achievements===
* Best [[Batting average (cricket)|batting average]] in the 2012 IPL : [[JP Duminy]] (81.33)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2012/best-batting-average|title=2012 Indian Premier League / Best Batting Average|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2012|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref>
* Most [[Over (cricket)|maiden overs]] bowled in the 2012 IPL : Dale Steyn (2)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2012/most-maidens|title=2012 Indian Premier League / Most Maidens|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2012|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Fast bowling|Fastest ball]] bowled in the 2012 IPL : Dale Steyn (154.40 km/h)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2012/fastest-balls|title=2012 Indian Premier League / Fastest Ball|publisher=IPLT20|date=27 May 2012|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref>

==Termination==
Due to financial problems [[Deccan Chronicle|Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd]], the team owner of Deccan Chargers announced a sale of their team by auction. The sale, announced in a newspaper advertisement on Thursday, was to be through a bidding process that was to be completed on 13 September, with the winning bid to be announced on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Deccan Chargers franchise up for sale|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/581166.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 September 2018|date=6 September 2012}}</ref> However the auction for the franchise on 13 September 2012 ended with no results as the team's owners rejecting the sole bid they received from [[PVP Ventures]].<ref name="espncricinfo1">{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Deccan Chargers reject sole bid for franchise|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/582048.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 September 2018|date=13 September 2012}}</ref> It was reported that Deccan Chargers owner rejected the bid by PVP ventures as DCHL's bankers were not happy with PVP's plan to divide the bid amount in two parts over the next ten years.<ref name="espncricinfo1"/> Later on 14 September 2012, the IPL governing council terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms.<ref name="termination">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/current/story/582292.html |title=India Cricket News: BCCI terminates Deccan Chargers franchise |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 September 2018|date=14 September 2012}}</ref> The [[Sun Network|Sun TV Network]] won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise, the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012.<ref name="Sun bid">{{cite web| url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/588090.html | title=Sun TV wins Hyderabad IPL franchise | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=25 October 2012 | access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref> The new team was named the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]].<ref name="Sunrisers">{{cite web| url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/597700.html | title=Hyderabad IPL franchise named Sunrisers | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=18 December 2012 | access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>

==Notes==
===Footnotes===
{{reflist|group=nb}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Deccan Chargers}}

[[Category:2012 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Deccan Chargers seasons]]
[[Category:Cricket in Hyderabad, India]]

Sawade

2025-10-04T10:49:31Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting initial data more to come!

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sawade
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.8019592|N|73.0611882|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 49
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2926
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551788
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sawade''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Sawade has 556 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 57.63%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 2926 || 1442 || 1484
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 509 || 272 || 237
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 2899 || 1427 || 1472
|-
| Literates || 1393 || 797 || 596
|-
| Workers (all) || 1646 || 813 || 833
|-
| Main workers (total) || 1344 || 732 || 612
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 831 || 432 || 399
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 463 || 265 || 198
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 2 || 1 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Other || 48 || 34 || 14
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 302 || 81 || 221
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 126 || 20 || 106
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 122 || 25 || 97
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 2 || 1 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 52 || 35 || 17
|-
| Non-workers || 1280 || 629 || 651
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]

Jonychand Singh Thounaojam

2025-09-30T21:08:28Z

Teamaksharhospital: New new bio - done

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1993)}}
{{Western name order|Thounaojam Jonychand Singh}}
{{Meitei name|Thounaojam|Jonychand|Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jonychand Singh
| image =
| fullname = Jonychand Singh Thounaojam
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|2|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], India
| height = 
| currentclub = [[NEROCA FC|Neroca FC]]
| clubnumber = 25
| position = [[Midfielder (association football)|Midfielder]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 = 2012
| clubs1 = [[Air India FC|Air India]]
| caps1 = 7
| goals1 = 0
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 =
| clubs3 = Pride Sports
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2021–
| clubs4 = [[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]
| caps4 = 16
| goals4 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2009–2011
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-19 football team|India U19]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| pcupdate =
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Jonychand Singh Thounaojam''' ({{langx|mni|Thounaojam Jonychand Singh}}, born 8 February 1993) is an Indian [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[midfielder (association football)|midfielder]] for [[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]].

==Career==
===Air India===
Singh made his first-team debut for [[Air India FC]] in the [[I-League]] on 24 November 2012 against reigning champions [[Dempo S.C.]] coming on as a 92nd-minute substitute for [[Souvik Chakraborty]] in a match that Air India lost 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|last=Noronha|first=Anselm|title=Dempo SC 1-0 Air India: Abranches' late strike grounds the Airmen|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/94698/dempo-sports-club-vs-air-india/report|work=Goal.com|access-date=25 November 2012}}</ref>

==International==
Singh has played for India at the [[India national under-19 football team|under-19]] level starting with the [[2010 AFC U-19 Championship qualification|2010 AFC U-19 qualifiers]] where he made his debut against Oman's under-19s on 10 November 2009 coming on as a 58th-minute substitute for [[Lalrindika Ralte]].<ref>{{cite web|title=India U19 3-4 Oman U19 |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=370&matchId=2266 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105035202/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=370&matchId=2266 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2013 |work=The Asian Football Confederation |access-date=25 November 2012 }}</ref> He then scored his first goal at the under-19 level almost two years later on 8 November 2011 against Pakistan during the [[2012 AFC U-19 Championship qualification|2012 AFC U-19 qualifiers]] in which he scored in the 53rd minute to give India's under-19s a consolation as they lost 2–1 to their biggest rivals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan U19s 2-1 India U19s |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=421&matchId=4040 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105035330/http://www.the-afc.com/en/component/joomleague/?view=report&compID=421&matchId=4040 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2013 |work=The Asian Football Confederation |access-date=25 November 2012 }}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
''Statistics accurate as of 12 May 2013''


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="2"|League
!colspan="2"|Federation Cup
!colspan="2"|Durand Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1"| [[Air India FC|Air India]]
|[[2012-13 I-League|2012–13]]
|7||0||0||0||—||—||—||—||7||0
|-
! colspan="2" | Career total
!7!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!7!!0
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/62169?type=club Jonychand Singh]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Johny}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Air India FC players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Peerless SC players]]
[[Category:NEROCA FC players]]

Madhya Pradesh Day

2025-09-21T13:51:37Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{Infobox holiday
| type = state holiday
| holiday_name = Madhya Pradesh Day
| observedby = Citizens of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| significance = Formation of Madhya Pradesh
| celebrations = Ladli Laxmi Yojana, Sports, Cuisine competitions, Drama, Painting competition and Folk dance
| date = 1 November
| duration = 1 day
| frequency = Annual
| firsttime = {{start date and age|df=yes|1956}}
| lasttime = 1 November 2022
| date2023 = 1 November 2023
}}
{{short description|State day of MP state}}
'''Madhya Pradesh Day''' is a state holiday which is celebrated in 1 November on the occasion of formation of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
It was started from 1 November 1956 when [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[Madhya Bharat]], [[Vindhya Pradesh]] and [[Bhopal State (1949–1956)|Bhopal]] joined and formed [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh celebrating its Foundation Day today |url=https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Madhya-Pradesh-celebrating-its-Foundation-Day-today&id=403463 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[All India Radio]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-01 |title=Madhya Pradesh Sthapna Diwas 2019: Significance and History Behind MP Foundation Day |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/madhya-pradesh-sthapna-diwas-2019-significance-and-history-behind-mp-foundation-day-2369863.html |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[News18 India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MP 67th Foundation Day: मध्य प्रदेश के स्थापना में क्यों लगे थे 34 महीने? जानिये विलय और निर्माण की पूरी कहानी |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/mp-nama-67th-foundation-day-madhya-pradesh-formation-naming-history-namakaran-story-sthapna-diwas-sdmp/1417787 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=hi}}</ref> At the time of 1st Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day, [[Bhopal]] was chosen as capital of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ऐसे बना था देश का दिल, जानें पंडित जवाहर लाल नेहरू ने क्यों दिया मध्यप्रदेश नाम |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/bhopal/foundation-day-madhya-pradesh-formation-naming-history-story-of-sthapna-diwas/articleshow/95202508.cms |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref> In 2022, Madhya Pradesh celebrated 67th Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day at Lal Parade Ground, [[Bhopal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh celebrates its 67th foundation day today; CM Chouhan extends greetings to all citizens |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-celebrates-its-67th-foundation-day-today-cm-chouhan-extends-greetings-to-all-citizens |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[The Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}</ref> It celebrates this day with [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP 65th foundation day: Facts about 'The heart of India', its history and significance |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-madhya-pradesh-foundation-day-history-significance-chattisgarh-2853660 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh 65th Foundation Day: More about the 'Heart of India' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/madhya-pradesh-65th-foundation-day-more-about-the-heart-of-india-1737032-2020-11-01 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> 2022 or 67th Madhya Pradesh Day was celebrated as Jan Utsav or festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP's 67th foundation day will be celebrated as Jan-Utsav: CM |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/mp---s-67th-foundation-day-will-be-celebrated-as-jan-utsav--cm.html |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Daily Pioneer]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Foundation Day programmes will be celebrated as festival |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/foundation-day-programmes-will-be-celebrated-as-festival.html |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Daily Pioneer]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Programs and celebration ==
In Madhya Pradesh Day various programs and celebration are organized from 1 November to 7 November, including:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day program will run till November 7 |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/madhya-pradesh-foundation-day-program-will-run-till-november-7.html |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=[[Daily Pioneer]] |language=en}}</ref>

* Ladli Laxmi Yojana
* Sports
* Cuisine competitions
* Drama
* Painting competition
* Folk dance

== References ==
<references />{{Indian state foundation days}}
[[Category:Indian state foundation days]]
[[Category:Observances in India]]

Bassi Assembly constituency

2025-09-15T08:59:30Z

Teamaksharhospital: refine content per sources

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bassi
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-57-Bassi.svg
| mla = [[Laxman Meena]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| electors = {{formatnum:234748}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 57
}}
'''Bassi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Jaipur district|Jaipur]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Jagdish Prasad Tiwari
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=4|[[Kanhaiya Lal Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3403-rajasthan-2003/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2003 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Anju Devi Dhanka
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan=2|[[Laxman Meena]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Bassi<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Laxman Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:88043}}
|percentage = 47.37
|change = +38.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Chandramohan Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:81729}}
|percentage = 43.97
|change = +21.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Jitendra Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:9564}}
|percentage = 5.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1411}}
|percentage = 0.76
|change = -0.16
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:6314}}
|percentage = 3.4
|change = -21.94
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:185872}}
|percentage = 79.18
|change = -1.57
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Bassi<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Laxman Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:79878}}
|percentage = 47.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kanhaiyalal
|votes = {{formatnum:37114}}
|percentage = 21.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Anju Devi Dhanka
|votes = {{formatnum:25207}}
|percentage = 14.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Daulat Singh Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:15626}}
|percentage = 9.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Avanti Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:2197}}
|percentage = 1.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rakesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1994}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1558}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:42764}}
|percentage = 25.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:168758}}
|percentage = 80.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Jaipur district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.85|76.05|display=title}}

[[Category:Jaipur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Rajasthan]]

All India Konkani Parishad

2025-06-26T00:09:46Z

Teamaksharhospital: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}

{{Multiple issues|{{cleanup|date=May 2011}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2011}}}}
The '''All India Konkani Parishad''' is a national conference held in India. It is meant to support the [[Konkani people]] and [[Konkani language]], and conducts various activities to achieve that goal, aided by local authorities<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2018-09-24|title=All India Konkani Parishad|url=http://dol.goa.gov.in/all-india-kokani-parishad|access-date=2021-01-29|website=dol.goa.gov.in|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The Konkani Parishad was launched when India's struggle for freedom was at its peak. The organisation was founded by the late Madhav Manjunath Shanbhague of Kumta, Karnataka, on 8 July 1939. It shifted to Goa, the homeland of Konkani, in 1961 when the territory was liberated from Portuguese rulers. At present, it functions from Goa as the national apex body to which 16 regional/local associations are affiliated and works for the development of Konkani language, literature, culture, education, etc. across the country.

The Konkani Parishad had set the following objectives before it in 1939

* To bring about unity among the Konkani speaking people of various regions
* To remove indifference of Konkanis towards their mother tongue and promote their love for the language
* To strive for standardisation of the Konkani language
* To promote use of Devanagari as the natural, common script for Konkani
* To work for the development and spread of Konkani literature and culture.

During the past 75 years, the Parishad relentlessly worked, mostly through its national conferences for achieving its objectives. It has so far organized 29 biennial sessions and 22 biennial Konkani literary Conferences apart from innumerable other programmes at the national level.

These conferences were always graced by linguists like Dr. Suniti Kumar Chatterjee and Dr. S.M. Katre, and intellectuals like Kakasaheb Kalelkar and prominent litterateurs of various languages of the country.

The Parishad has always been in the forefront in fighting for the issues daunting the Konkani language. It identified and deliberated on the various problems related to the development of the language and prepared strategies for solving them. The following resolutions passed during the conferences throw light on the various issues agitating the minds of the Konkanies from time to time.

# Inclusion of Konkani programmes in all India Radio and Doordarshan
# Introduction of Konkani in school and college education and preparation of Konkani textbooks
# Making Konkani available books in public libraries
# Establishment of Konkani Bhasha Mandals in various states
# Getting advertisements for Konkani periodicals
# Recognition of the language by Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi
# Inclusion of Konkani in the 8th schedule of the country's constitution
# Official language status for Konkani in Goa
# Statehood for Goa
# Establishment of state academies for Konkani in Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra

These resolutions were persistently followed up and, by and large, their purposes were achieved. The major issues which exercised the minds of the people at the Parishad's meets were satisfactorily settled when Konkani was recognised as an independent language by Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi in 1976 and the language attained the status of official language in Goa in 1987. The crowning glory came when Konkani was included in the 8th Schedule of the country's constitution in 1992.

These landmarks in the history of Konkani language were followed by establishment of Konkani Academies in Goa, Karnataka and recently in Kerala. The progress achieved in teaching Konkani from primary school level to post-graduate level in the colleges and its increased use in administration and mass media is also due to the direct and indirect efforts of the Parishad.

==Sessions==
Brief details of the sessions of the Parishad are as below:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.konkaniparishad.org/|title=अखिल भारतीय कोंकणी परिशद|website=www.konkaniparishad.org}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
! Adhiveshan
||dates
||Reception Committee Chairman
||President
||Inaugurated
|-

|-
!First Adhiveshan
||
||
||
||The first session of the Parishad was held on 8 and 9 July 1939, Karwar. The conference was organised under the leadership of late Madhav Manjath Shanbhag, a leading advocate of Karwar. It was presided over by Vishwanath Pandurang Prabhu <ref name="auto">F.J.Martiris, Parishadechim Pasthis Varsam, Souvenir - 10th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, Goa 1974</ref>
|-
!Second Adhiveshan
||31, December, 1940, Udupi <ref name="auto"/>
||[[T. M. A. Pai]]
||Mr. Jerome Saldanha
||
|-
!Third Adhiveshan
||4,5, April, 1942, Mumbai <ref name="konkaniworld.com">{{cite web|url=http://ww1.konkaniworld.com/?subid1=1d3c3948-0f8f-11e9-aa0f-8eee52393336|title=konkaniworld.com|website=ww1.konkaniworld.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
||Mr. Vaman Raghunath Varde Valavalikar aka [[Shenoi Goembab]]
||Prof. Armando Menezes, Academician & English poet
||
|-
!Fourth Adhiveshan
||1949, Mumbai <ref name="konkaniworld.com"/>
||
||Dr. Mafaldo Ubaldo Mascarenhas
||[[Anandashram Swami]]
|-
!Fifth Adhiveshan
||23,24 February 1952 Mumbai <ref name="konkaniworld.com"/>
||
||Dr. Mariano Saldanha, a scholar of international repute (He was teaching Sanskrit in Portugal)
||Rt. Rev. Valerian Cardinal Gracias, India's first Cardinal
|-
!Sixth Adhiveshan
||27,28 April 1957 Mumbai <ref name="konkaniworld.com"/>
||
||Dr.[[Sumitra Mangesh Katre]], Renowned linguist
||Acharya [[Kaka Kalelkar]] Gandhian Intellectual & Eminent Gujarati writer
|-
!Seventh Adhiveshan
||16, May, 1960, Karwar <ref name="auto1">Souvenir - 25th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, Goa 2006</ref>
||
||Dr. B.A.Saletore, Noted Historian
||Shrimat Dwarakanatha Teertha (Gokarna Partagali Math)
|-
!Eighth Adhiveshan
||26,27 May 1962, Madgaon (First Adhiveshan in Liberated Goa)<ref name="auto1"/>
||
||Dr.[[Manohar Rai Sardesai]], Eminent Konkani Poet
||Violet Alva, Vice President, Rajyasabha, Indian Parliament
|-
!Ninth Adhiveshan
||29,30 September 1967, Mumbai <ref name="auto1"/>
||
||[[Bakibab Borkar]], Eminent Konkani Poet
||[[Vasantrao Naik]] Chief Minister of Maharashtra
|-
!10th Adhiveshan
||9,10 February 1974 Panaji <ref>Souvenir -10th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, Goa 1974</ref>
||
||K.K.Pai, Chairman & MD, Syndicate Bank
||Dr. [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]], President Sahitya Akademi
|-
!11th Adhiveshan
||21,22 February 1976, Mangalore <ref>Souvenir -11th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Mangalore, 1976</ref>
||K.K.Pai
||[[Chandrakant Keni]], Eminent Konkani Writer
||
|-
!12th Adhiveshan
||12. 12th Adhiveshan - 11,12, February, Kochi <ref name="auto1"/>
||
||[[Ravindra Kelekar]], Eminent Konkani Writer & Jnanpeeth Award winner
||[[A. K. Antony]] Chief Minister of Kerala
|-
!13th Adhiveshan
||12,13 April 1980, Mumbai <ref name="auto1"/>
||F.A.Martiris
||N. Purushotham Mallya, Scholar & Noted Writer
||[[Pratapsingh Raoji Rane]] Chief Minister of Goa
|-
!14th Adhiveshan
||27,28 February 1982, Panaji <ref name="auto1"/>
||
||[[V.J.P. Saldanha]] Eminent Konkani Novelist
||Dr.[[Umashankar Joshi]], President, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi
|-
!15th Adhiveshan
||11,12,13, May, 1984, Bangalore <ref name="auto1"/>
||
||Nagesh Sonde, Noted Konkani writer
||A.N.Bannerji, Governor of Karnataka
|-
!16th Adhiveshan
||24,25 May 1986, Kochi <ref name="auto1"/>
||
||Adv. [[Uday Bhembre]] Scholar & Eminent Konkani writer
||M. Kamalam, Minister, Govt. of Kerala
|-
!17th Adhiveshan
||6,7,8 January 1989, Manipal<ref>Mogrem - Souvenir- 17th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Manipal, 1989</ref>
||
||[[M. V. Kamath]], Renowned Author & Veteran journalist
||[[Eduardo Faleiro]] Union Minister
|-
!18th Adhiveshan
||14,15,16 December 1990, Ramnathi, Goa<ref>Souvenir- 18th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Ramnathi Goa, 1990</ref>
||
||Prof. R.K.Rao, Eminent Konkani author & Translator
||[[José Pereira (Indian writer)|Dr. José Pereira]]
|-
!19th Adhiveshan
||16,17 January 1993, Madgaon, Goa<ref>Souvenir- 19th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Madgaon, Goa, 1993</ref>
||Dattaraj Salgaonkar
||[[J. B. Moraes]] Eminent Konkani Poet
||Ravi Naik, Chief Minister of Goa
|-
!20th Adhiveshan
||11,12 February 1995, Shirsi, Karnataka<ref>Souvenir- 20th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Shirsi, Karnataka, 1995</ref>
||
||Dr. Kashinath Mahale, Academician & Scholar
||R.V. Deshapande, Minister, Govt. Of Karnataka
|-
!21st Adhiveshan
||18,19 January 1997, Mumbai<ref>Souvenir- 21st Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Mumbai, 1997</ref>
||
||Dr. William Madtha, Linguist & Academician
||
|-
!22nd Adhiveshan
||15,16,17, January 1999, Belgaum <ref>Souvenir- 22nd Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Belgaum, 1999</ref>
||
||[[Pundalik Naik]], Eminent writer
||Umesh Katti, Minister, Govt. Of Karnataka
|-
!23rd Adhiveshan
||20, 21, April, 2002, Mangalore<ref>Souvenir- 23rd Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Mangalore, 2002</ref>
||
||Dr. [[Tanaji Halarnkar]], scholar, columnist and editor of Konkani Encyclopaedia
||Ramanath Rai, Minister, Govt. of Karnataka
|-
!24th Adhiveshan
||13,14,15 February 2004, Kozhikode<ref>Souvenir- 24th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Kozhikode, 2004</ref>
||
||[[Basti Vaman Shenoy]]
||Mr. Rajagopal, Union Minister for Railways
|-
!25th Adhiveshan
||10,11,12 February 2006, Panaji, Goa<ref>Souvenir- 25th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, 2006</ref>
||
||Mr. Paul Moras, Konkani writer
||Inaugurated by Mr. S.C. Jamir, Governor of Goa
|-
!26th Adhiveshan
||5,6.7 February 2008, Kochi, Kerala <ref>Souvenir- 26th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, 2008</ref>
||
||Adv. Shantaram Naik (Member, Rajyasabha)
||Inaugurated by Mr. K.K. Pai, President, Dr. T.M.A. Pai Foundation
|-
!27th Adhiveshan
||5,6,7 February 2010, Sanquelim, Goa<ref>Souvenir- 27th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, 2010</ref>
||
||Dr. H. Shantaram, Academician
||Inaugurated by Mr. Ravindra Kelekar, Jnanpeeth Award-winning Konkani writer
|-
!28th Adhiveshan
||17,18 February 2012, Mumbai <ref>Souvenir- 28th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, 2012</ref>
||
||Mr.Arvind Bhatikar, IAS (Retd) Administrator & Author
||Inaugurated: Mr. Ramdas Bhatkal
|-
!29th Adhiveshan
||28 & 29 February, 1 March 2014, Belgaum, Karnataka<ref>Souvenir- 29th Adhiveshan of All India Konkani Parishad - Panaji, 2014</ref>
||
||Mr. Gokuldas Prabhu Eminent Konkani Writer
||Inaugurated by : Mr. R.V. Deshpande, Hon'ble Minister for Higher Education, Government of Karnataka
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Shenoi Goembab]]
* [[Madhav Manjunath Shanbhag]]
* [[World Konkani Hall Of Fame]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Konkani]]
[[Category:Politics of Goa]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Kerala]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]

Akali Dal (1920)

2025-05-14T23:09:59Z

Teamaksharhospital: typo fix

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Shiromani Akali Dal (1920) ਸ਼੍ਰੋਮਣੀ ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ (1920)
|logo =
|colorcode = #FF9900
|president= [[Ravinder Singh (politician)|Ravinder Singh]]
|secretary= Jathedar Boota Singh Ranshihnke<ref>{{cite news|title=Akali Dal 1920 to hold Rally at Moga on Oct 1|url=http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/item/8783-akali-dal-1920-to-hold-rally-at-moga-on-oct-1}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|ppchairman =
|loksabha_leader =
|rajyasabha_leader =
|foundation =
|alliance =
|predecessor =
|dissolution =
|headquarters = 296, Sector 10-A, [[Chandigarh]]
|publication =
|students =
|youth =
|women =
|labour =
|peasants =
|ideology = [[Sikhism]]
|position =
|international =
|colours =
| eci = Recognised State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=(UPDATED LIST OF PARTIES & SYMBOLS As per main Notification dated 13.04.2018 As on 09.03.2019|url=http://ceodelhi.nic.in/PDFFolder/2019/loksabha/Letter%20with%20Updated%20Notification-14-03-2019.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=4 July 2019|location=India|year=2019}}</ref>
|loksabha_seats =
|rajyasabha_seats =
|symbol =
|website = [http://www.facebook.com/AkaliDal1920 Official Page]
}}
The '''Shiromani Akali Dal (1920)<ref>{{cite news|title=Akali Dal 1920 slaps notice to SGPC to call budget session forthwith|url=http://panthicdal.com/panjab-news/akali-dal-1920-slaps-notice-to-sgpc-to-call-budget-session-forthwith/}}</ref>''' is a political party in India led by former Speaker of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab Vidhan Sabha]], Ravi Inder Singh.<ref>{{cite news|title=party has found support from Shiromani Akali Dal 1920 (Ravinder)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/akali-dal-group-derides-bjp-supports-congress/article274741.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=SAD 1920 criticizes 'New Chandigarh' : Ravi Inder Singh convenes meeting of SAD 1920|url=http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/item/26521-sad-1920-criticizes-new-chandigarh--ravi-inder-singh-convenes-meeting-of-sad-1920|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226205314/http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/item/26521-sad-1920-criticizes-new-chandigarh--ravi-inder-singh-convenes-meeting-of-sad-1920|archive-date=26 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was formed under the twin leadership of Master Tara Singh and Sardar Kharak Singh.

==See also==
*[[Shiromani Akali Dal (disambiguation)|Splinter groups of the Akali Dal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian political parties}}
{{Sikh politics}}

[[Category:Political parties established in 1920]]
[[Category:Sikh political parties]]
[[Category:Regionalist parties in India]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal|*]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Chandigarh]]

Tumkur, Wadgera

2025-01-02T22:11:19Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting first details nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tumkur
| other_name = Tumakura
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|16|30|44|N|077|05|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yadgir district|Yadgir]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Wadgera Taluka|Wadgera]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 39.962
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3245
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 585355
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = KA 33
| website = {{URL|karnataka.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tumkur''' is a [[gram panchayat]] village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web |title=2001 Census of India: List of Villages by Tehsil: Karnataka |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/dir-29R.pdf |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113181046/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/PLCN/dir-29R.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2012 |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |page=145}}</ref> Administratively, it is under [[Wadgera Taluka]] of Yadgir district in Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Bendebembali Gram Panchayat, Shahapur, Yadgir, Karnataka |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=221141&rlbtype=V |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410020759/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=221141&rlbtype=V |archivedate=10 April 2013 |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> It is on the east bank of the [[Krishna River]]. Tumkur is 10 km by road northwest of the village of Bendebembli and 31 km by road south of the town of [[Yadgir]]. The nearest rail station is Chegunda Station and the nearest [[railhead]] is in Yadgir.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yadgir District Map Showing Railway Line|publisher=Yadgir District|url=http://yadgir.nic.in/Maps/YADGIR%20DIST%20RAILWAY%20LINE.jpg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206192228/http://yadgir.nic.in/Maps/YADGIR%20DIST%20RAILWAY%20LINE.jpg|archivedate=6 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a gram panchayat it oversees the villages of Itga Simt
Wadgera and Habshihal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gram Panchayat: Tumakura |publisher=Local Body Data |url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-tumakura-272743 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
At the 2001 census, Tumkur had 2,743 inhabitants, with 1,332 males and 1,411 females.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Village wise statistics of Shahapur Taluka|publisher=Yadgir district|url=http://yadgir.nic.in/Census/shahapur.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412205409/http://yadgir.nic.in/Census/shahapur.htm|archivedate=2013-04-12}}</ref>

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|title=Official Website of Yadgir District|url=http://yadgir.nic.in}}
{{Clear}}

{{Yadgir district}}

[[Category:Villages in Yadgir district]]

{{Yadgir-geo-stub}}

Durva (TV series)

2024-07-31T17:32:21Z

Teamaksharhospital:

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| caption =
| genre = [[Political drama]]
| director = Deepak Nalawade
| opentheme =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| producer = Nitin Vaidya [[Ninad Vaidya]]
| company = Dashami Creations
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| channel = [[Star Pravah]]
| image = Durvaseries.jpg
| image_size =
| last_aired = {{end date|2016|11|12|df=yes}}
| first_aired = {{start date|2013|03|18|df=yes}}
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 1164
}}

'''Durva''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series that aired on [[Star Pravah]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marathi serial Durva ends|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/Marathi-serial-Durva-ends/articleshow/55404253.cms|access-date=2020-12-09|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It is produced by Nitin Vaidya and [[Ninad Vaidya]] under the banner of Dashami Creations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New twist in Durva|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/new-twist-in-durva/articleshow/53638282.cms|access-date=2021-09-19|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The series aired from 18 March 2013 to 12 November 2016 with 1164 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marathi show Durva to telecast again|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/marathi-show-durva-to-telecast-again/articleshow/67537948.cms|access-date=2020-12-09|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It stars [[Hruta Durgule]], [[Suyash Tilak]] and [[Harshad Atkari]] in lead roles.

== Plot ==
It is a story of two rivalry families - Patil and Kshirsagar fighting for political power in [[Satara (city)|Satara]]. Durva, an innocent girl, gets married in the family to Bhupati, where everyone uses her to gain political prestige. Amongst this Durva fighting for her rights forms the crux of the story.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Star Pravah launches a new political drama, Durva|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/star-pravah-launches-new-political-drama-durva?amp|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Telly Chakkar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=पाटलांचा वाडा...|url=https://www.loksatta.com/vastu-lekh-news/old-vada-at-star-pravah-durva-serial-1216802/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Hruta Durgule]] as Durva Bhupati Patil / Durva Keshav Sane
* [[Suyash Tilak]] as Bhupati Patil
* [[Harshad Atkari]] as Keshav Dada Sane

=== Recurring ===
* Prasad Pandit as Patil Anna
* [[Ashwini Ekbote]] as Bhupati's mother
* [[Hardeek Joshi]] as Purushottam Gokhale
* [[Uday Tikekar]] as Devkishan Sarda
* Shalmalee Tolye as Durva's sister-in-law
* Shruja Prabhudesai as Mohini
* [[Vinay Apte]] / [[Sharad Ponkshe]] as Anna Patil<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sharad Ponkshe steps into Vinay Apte's shoes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/Sharad-Ponkshe-Vinay-Apte-Durva-Mi-Nathuram-Godse-Boltoy-Radha-Hi-Bawari-Vadalvaat/articleshow/28001910.cms|url-status=live|website=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730052119/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/Sharad-Ponkshe-Vinay-Apte-Durva-Mi-Nathuram-Godse-Boltoy-Radha-Hi-Bawari-Vadalvaat/articleshow/28001910.cms |archive-date=2019-07-30 }}</ref>

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Awards
!Category
!Recipient
!Role
|-
| rowspan="3" |Ma.Ta. Sanman 2014
|Best Series
|[[Ninad Vaidya]]
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-03-17|title=Kohinoor Mata Sanman Awards 2014 Winners List, Aard Winners, Best|url=https://marathistars.com/news/kohinoor-mata-sanman-awards-2014-winners/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Marathi Stars}}</ref>
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[Vinay Apte]]
|-
|Best Screenplay
|Sachin Darekar
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt9850232}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/durva/1456 ''Durva''] at [[Hotstar]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series endings]]

Vilshet

2024-07-08T12:51:54Z

Teamaksharhospital: starting first entry w/ sources!

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vilshet
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.8278982|N|72.9726305|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 57
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1052
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551777
| footnotes =
}}
'''Vilshet''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |access-date=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Vilshet has 202 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 53.86%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |access-date=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1052 || 511 || 541
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 211 || 107 || 104
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 1046 || 507 || 539
|-
| Literates || 453 || 252 || 201
|-
| Workers (all) || 643 || 310 || 333
|-
| Main workers (total) || 639 || 308 || 331
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 191 || 174 || 17
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 435 || 124 || 311
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Other || 12 || 10 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 4 || 2 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| Non-workers || 409 || 201 || 208
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]

Hetampur

2024-04-09T11:37:35Z

Teamaksharhospital: New a details - done

{{for|the village in Bihar|Hetampur, Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hetampur
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Hetampur Royal Palace.jpg 04.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Hetampur Royal palace
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.781936|N|87.403346|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum District|Birbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,388
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011" />
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 731124
| area_code = 91 3462
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]]
| website = {{URL|birbhum.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dubrajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dubrajpur]]
}}

'''Hetampur''' is a large village<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Hetampur Population - Birbhum, West Bengal |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/318226-hetampur-west-bengal.html |publisher=Census 2011 |access-date=1 September 2018 |archive-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901221158/https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/318226-hetampur-west-bengal.html |url-status=live }}</ref> in [[Suri Sadar subdivision]] of [[Birbhum District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is situated near [[Dubrajpur]]. The village is famous for the Royal and historical palace.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://birbhum.gov.in/birtour2.htm | title = Hetampur | access-date = 2007-08-24 | publisher = Birbhum district administration | archive-date = 14 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714233102/http://www.birbhum.gov.in/birtour2.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=380| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|53|30|N|87|27|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, B: Barrage. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|54|46|N|87|29|38|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Karidhya | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Karidhya]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|54|0|N|87|30|28|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Kalipur | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Kalipur, Birbhum]] (CT)|
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|50|20|N|87|41|28|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Ahmedpur | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Ahmedpur, Birbhum]] (CT)|
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|57|16|N|87|18|50|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Rajnagar | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Rajnagar, Birbhum]] (CT)|
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|54|24|N|87|31|38|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Suri |label-size5=14 | numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Suri, Birbhum]] (M)|label-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|56|30|N|87|40|49|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Sainthia | numbered6=M| mark-title6= [[Sainthia]] (M)|label-color6=#800000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|48|43|N|87|22|30|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Dubrajpur | numbered7=M| mark-title7= [[Dubrajpur]] (M)|label-color7=#800000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|59|38|N|87|34|19|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8= Mohammad Bazar| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Mohammad Bazar, Birbhum]] (R)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|52|10|N|87|17|4|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Lokpur| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Lokpur]] (R)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|55|42|N|87|23|6|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Chandrapur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Chandrapur, Birbhum]] (R)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|49|N|87|36|26|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Panrui| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Panrui]] (R)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|47|0|N|87|15|56|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Khoyrasol| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Khoyrasol]] (R)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|46|15|N|87|12|20|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Kankartala| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Kankartala]] (R)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|50|7|N|87|27|20|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= BTPP Township| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Bakreswar Thermal Power Plant Township]] (R)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|58|39|N|87|35|45|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Angar Garia| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Angar Garia]] (R)|shape-color15=#A40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|51|55|N|87|34|43|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Purandarpur| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Purandarpur]] (R)|shape-color16=#A40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|46|40|N|87|24|12|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Hetampur|numbered17=R| mark-title17= Hetampur (R)|shape-color17=black| label-size17=13|label-color17=black 
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|49|2|N|87|34|30|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Abinashpur|numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Abinashpur]] (R)|shape-color18=#A40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|48|25|N|87|15|31|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Nakrakonda|numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Nakrakonda]] (R)|shape-color19=#A40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|57|53|N|87|28|22|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Bara Chaturi|numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Bara Chaturi]] (R)|shape-color20=#A40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|2|48|N|87|34|56|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Deucha|numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Deucha]] (R)|shape-color21=#A40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|52|48|N|87|22|12|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Bakreshwar|numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bakreshwar]] (R)|shape-color22=#A40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|55|37|N|87|26|4|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Patharchapuri|numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Patharchapuri]] (R)|shape-color23=#A40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|56|45|N|87|31|31|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Tilpara |labela24=Barrage| numbered24=B| mark-title24= [[Mayurakshi River#Tilpara Barrage]] (B)|shape-color24=#0048BA
|mark-coord25={{coord|24.0048|87.3818}}| label25=Mayurakshi |labela25=River| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=48| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.7868|87.5254}}| label26=Bakreshwar|labela26= River| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=2| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7224|87.3245}}| label27=Ajay River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=2| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none}}

===Location===
Hetampur is located at {{Coord|23.781936|N|87.403346|E|source:yahoomaps_region:IN-WB |format=dms}}.

==Demographics==
As of the 2011 Census, Hetampur had a population of 2,388; 1,188 males and 1,200 females, giving a ratio of 1010 compared to the West Bengal state average of 950.<ref name="Census 2011" /> There were 282 children aged 0–6 and a child sex ratio of 1104, compared to the West Bengal state average of 956.

Hetampur village had a literacy rate of 76.21%, compared to 76.26% of West Bengal- male literacy was 84.82% and female was 67.59%<ref name="Census 2011" />

==Education==
At Hetampur [[Krishna Chandra College]], popularly known as Hetampur Mahavidyalaya is one of the reputed and oldest college of the West Bengal. There are also few schools and training institutes such as Hetampur Raj High School, Hetampur Girls’ High School, St. Andrus, Hetampur Model School, DAV Public School, Rabindra Najrul Smrit B. Ed College, Hetampur Rajbati Primary Teachers Training Institute etc.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.hetampurrajbatiptti.org/aboutus.html| title = Hetampur Rajbati Primary Teachers Training Institute| accessdate = 2007-09-16| last = | first = | work = | publisher = Hetampur Rajbati PTTI| archive-date = 26 July 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726145909/http://www.hetampurrajbatiptti.org/aboutus.html| url-status = live}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Rajbari===
The Rajbari was built in the shape of a castle with 999 doors which has given it the name ''Hetampur HajarDuari''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-11 |title=শীতের ছোট্ট ট্রিপে চলুন হেতমপুর রাজবাড়ি! এই বাড়িতেই হয়েছিল গুপি-বাঘার শ্যুটিং |url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/south-bengal/short-trip-can-be-hetampur-rajbari-in-birbhum-l18-pbd-1409841.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=News18 বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref> (''hajar'' is one thousand in Bengali, ''duari'' means doored). Hetampur Rajbari has been used by film directors such as [[Satyajit Ray]], [[Mrinal Sen]], [[Tarun Majumdar]], Raja Sen, Dilip Roy, [[Sandip Ray]] and others in many Bengali films – [[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]], [[Abhijan (1962 film)|Abhijan]], [[Mrigayaa|Mrigaya]], and [[Ganadevata (film)|Ganadebata]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=23&id=171683&usrsess=1 | title = Where history speaks in whispers | access-date = 2007-09-16 | publisher = The Statesman, 20 January 2007}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amitabha Gupta |title=Tales of a palace: Exploring the built heritage of Hetampur |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/exploring-the-history-and-stories-behind-the-grand-ranjan-palace-at-hetampur-and-nearby-rajnagar-in-west-bengals-birbhum-district/cid/1872331 |access-date=9 April 2024}}</ref>

===Temples===
Hetampur has many interesting terracotta temples in various styles of architecture. During the late 1940s till about 1952 Indian artist [[Mukul Dey]] conducted detailed photographic survey of Birbhum-Barddhaman group of terracotta temples. He visited Hetampur and photo recorded the '''Gol-Mandir''', the '''Chandranath Shiva temple''' and the '''Dewanji temples''' here. Chandranatha Siva Mandir in Hetampur of Dubrajpur, Birbhum built in 1847 is Octagonal pinnacled - Naba Ratna type with terracotta on three sides. Dewanji Mandir nearby is tightly ridged Rekha type with small terracotta facade of 19th century Birbhum-Barddhaman style having rich terracotta on two sides. Out of these three temples, the '''Gol-Mandir''' temple is no longer in existence at Hetampur. Its memory survives only in the photographs by [[Mukul Dey]]. A portrait of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]], European nuns and priests form the theme of decoration on a 19th-century temple in Hetampur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.chitralekha.org/terracottas1.htm| title = Mukul Dey Archives| access-date = 2007-09-16| publisher = Chitralekha| archive-date = 27 September 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927081432/http://www.chitralekha.org/terracottas1.htm| url-status = live}}</ref>

===Temple picture gallery===
<gallery widths="250px" heights="200px">
File:Temple of Dewanji Hetampur.JPG|Dewanji temple
File:Dewanji temple of Hetampur in Birbhum district 16.jpg|Terracotta carvings in Dewanji temple
File:Chandranath Shiva temple of Hetampur in Birbhum district 44.jpg|Chandranath Shiva temple
File:Chandranath Shiva temple of Hetampur in Birbhum district 27.jpg|Terracotta carvings at Chandranath Shiva temple
</gallery>

===Fair===
Bipracharan Chakravarty of the Hetampur Raj family started a [[Saraswati Puja]] at Hetampur. His grandson, Ramranjan, started a 3-days fair on the occasion. The fair continues on the grounds of the Hetampur Rajbari. [[Gurusaday Dutt]] had once presented [[raibeshe]] bratachari during the fair. Many renowned personalities were invited to attend the fair and some of them came. Hetampur Royal Theatre and Ranjan Opera had their inaugural shows at the fair.<ref name = "Mukhopadhyay">Mukhopadhyay Aditya, ''Birbhumer Mela'', ''Paschim Banga '', Birbhum Special Issue, February 2006, {{in lang|bn}}, pp. 203-214, Information & Cultural Department, Government of West Bengal.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nobility of the Raj}}

{{Birbhum District}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Villages in Birbhum district]]