https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=TawannaRiggs 2026-08-09T17:21:36Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pranav_Kumar_Marpachi&diff=526375 2026-05-07T15:50:43Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: created biography - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian politician<br /> | office = Member of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 2023<br /> | predecessor = [[Krishna Kumar Dhruw]]<br /> | constituency = [[Marwahi Assembly constituency|Marwahi]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | name = Pranav Kumar Dewangan<br /> }}<br /> '''Pranav Kumar marpachi''' is an Indian politician from [[Chhattisgarh]]. He is an MLA from [[Marwahi Assembly constituency]], which is a reserved constituency for Scheduled Tribes community, in [[Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district|Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi]] district. He won the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Marwahi Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp Candidate Pranav Kumar Marpachi Wins From Marwahi |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/marwahi-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-jcc-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-news-1647359 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Dewangan is from [[Marwahi]], [[Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district]], Chhattisgarh. His wife is a teacher. He completed his Post Graduation at [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee Vishwavidyalaya|Atal Bihari Vajpayee University]], Bilaspur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pranav Kumar Marpachi(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MARWAHI (ST)(GAURELA-PENDRA-MARWAHI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Chhattisgarh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=481 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Dewangan won from Marwahi Assembly constituency, representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 51,960 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Gulab Raj of [[Janta Congress Chhattisgarh|Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J)]], by a margin of 12,078 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pranav Kumar Marpachi, BJP Candidate from Marwahi Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History &amp; Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/chhattisgarh/pranav-kumar-marpachi-s26aed2008a024e2023c003/ |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marwahi (ST) assembly election results 2023: Marwahi (ST) Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/chhattisgarh/marwahi-st-assembly-result-26024 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Marwahi, Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Marwahi सीट पर BJP ने हासिल की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/marwahi-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830613-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dewangan, Pranav Kumar}}<br /> [[Category:1978 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roti_Kapada_Aur_Makaan&diff=530935 2026-05-07T14:30:34Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: created new page - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1974 Indian film directed by Manoj Kumar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Roti Kapada Aur Makaan<br /> | image = Roti Kapda Aur Makaan.jpg<br /> <br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Manoj Kumar]]<br /> | producer = Manoj Kumar<br /> | writer = Manoj Kumar<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Manoj Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shashi Kapoor]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Amitabh Bachchan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Zeenat Aman]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Moushumi Chatterjee]]<br /> | music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Nariman A. Irani]]<br /> | editing = Manoj Kumar<br /> | studio = Chandivali Studio&lt;br /&gt;[[Filmistan|Filmistan Studios]]&lt;br /&gt;Mohan Studios&lt;br /&gt;R.K. Studios&lt;br /&gt;[[Rajkamal Studios]]<br /> | distributor = V.I.P. Films&lt;br /&gt;Digital Entertainment&lt;br /&gt;[[Eros Entertainment]]&lt;br /&gt;Shiva Films&lt;br /&gt;Spark Worldwide<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|1974|10|18}}<br /> | runtime = 161 mins<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | gross = {{INRConvert|5.25|c|year=1974}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130115031359/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&amp;catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 &quot;Top Earners 1970-1979&quot;], Box Office India.com&lt;/ref&gt; (Nett)<br /> }}<br /> '''''Roti Kapada Aur Makaan''''' ({{translation|Food, Cloth and Shelter}}; occasionally written as '''''Roti Kapda Aur Makaan''''') is a 1974 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action drama film]] written, directed, and produced by [[Manoj Kumar]], who also plays the leading role in the film. The title of the movie is based on the Hindi phrase, which refers to the bare necessities of life, popularized in the late 1960s by former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], ahead of the [[1967 Indian general election|1967 general elections]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gb-dreams&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jcLihj0Yzi0C&amp;pg=PA12 |title=India of My Dreams |isbn=9788171886890 |access-date=25 January 2022 |last1=Kumar |first1=Surendra |last2=Kapur |first2=Pradeep Kumar |year=2008|publisher=Academic Foundation }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film is about a family that Bharat (Manoj Kumar) attempts to provide for after falling into a financial struggle. The film also stars [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Vijay, the brother of Bharat, and stars [[Zeenat Aman]] as Sheetal, Bharat's love interest, [[Moushumi Chatterjee]] as Tulsi, a friend of Bharat in poverty, and [[Shashi Kapoor]] as Mohan Babu, a wealthy businessman. It has been remade into the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Jeevana Poratam]]'', and is still considered to be highly influential, and one of the best [[Bollywood]] films of its era.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/roti-kapada-aur-makaan-is-it-still-relevant/ |title=Roti Kapada Aur Makaan: Is it still relevant? : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 June 2012 |language=en |access-date=25 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> After the retirement of his father ([[Krishan Dhawan]]), it falls upon Bharat ([[Manoj Kumar]]) to look after his [[Delhi]]-based family. He has two younger college-going brothers, Vijay ([[Amitabh Bachchan]]) and Deepak ([[Dheeraj Kumar]]) and a sister of marriageable age, Champa (Meena T.). Although Bharat is a college graduate, the only work he can find is as a low-paid singer, much to the frustration of his girlfriend, Sheetal ([[Zeenat Aman]]). Meanwhile, Vijay has turned to crime as a last resort to provide for the family, but after an argument with Bharat, he leaves home to join the army.<br /> <br /> Sheetal starts working as a secretary for rich businessman Mohan Babu ([[Shashi Kapoor]]) and Mohan becomes attracted to her. Sheetal loves Bharat but cannot contemplate a life in poverty. Bharat finally finds a job as a builder but starts to realise that Sheetal is slowly drifting away from him. Soon he loses his job after the government takes over the building site and his financial problems increase. When Mohan proposes marriage, Sheetal accepts, leaving Bharat heartbroken. Bharat loses his father soon after and is left devastated. He burns his [[diploma]] on his father's funeral pyre in frustration, .<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Champa has found a suitor, but Bharat has no money to pay for the wedding. Depressed at the state of his life, Bharat soon finds salvation by helping Tulsi ([[Moushumi Chatterjee]]) who lives in poverty. He also makes friends with Sardar Harnam Singh ([[Prem Nath]]) who comes to his rescue when he attempts to save Tulsi from a gang of hoodlums. He then receives an offer from a corrupt businessman named Nekiram ([[Madan Puri]]) who persuades Bharat to do his illegal activities so he and his family will come out of poverty, and he accepts.<br /> <br /> Deepak joins the police force. Bharat, who is working for Nekiram, decides to inform the police about his malpractices. Nekiram finds out and frames Bharat instead. Deepak is the police officer appointed for arresting Bharat. Vijay joins forces with Bharat to stop Nekiram. During this conflict Sheetal, who is regretting her mistake of choosing wealth over her love, sacrifices her life. Bharat, Vijay, Deepak, Mohan Babu and Sardar Harnam Singh get Nekiram and his troops jailed in the end. Bharat sees Sheetal in Tulsi and accepts her as his wife.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Manoj Kumar]] as Bharat<br /> *[[Shashi Kapoor]] as Mohan Babu<br /> *[[Zeenat Aman]] as Sheetal<br /> *[[Moushmi Chatterjee]] as Tulsi<br /> *[[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Vijay<br /> *[[Prem Nath]] as Harnam Singh<br /> *[[Dheeraj Kumar]] as Deepak<br /> *[[Kamini Kaushal]] as Bharat's mother<br /> *[[Aruna Irani]] as Poonam<br /> *[[Madan Puri]] as Nekiram<br /> *[[Krishan Dhawan]] as Bharat's father<br /> *Meena T as Champa<br /> *[[Sulochana Latkar|Sulochana]] as Mohan's mother<br /> *[[Raza Murad]] as Hamid Miya<br /> *[[Raj Mehra]]<br /> *[[Manmohan (actor)|Manmohan]]<br /> *[[C S Dubey]]<br /> *Darshan Lal<br /> *Brahm Bhardwaj as Ramchand<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by the duo [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] and lyrics by [[Santosh Anand]]. Lyrics of &quot;Mehngai Mar Gayi&quot;, &quot;Hay Hay Yeh Majboori&quot; and &quot;Panditji Mere Marne Ke&quot; were written by [[Verma Malik]].<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | lyrics_column = Lyricist(s)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | [[Songs]] <br /> | title1 = Hay Hay Yeh Majboori<br /> | extra1 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]] <br /> | Lyrics = [[Verma Malik]] <br /> | length1 = 04:16<br /> |<br /> | title2 = Main Na Bhoolunga<br /> | extra2 = Lata Mangeshkar, [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]<br /> | length2 = 05:39<br /> |<br /> | title3 = Aur Nahin Bas Aur Nahin<br /> | extra3 = [[Mahendra Kapoor]]<br /> | length3 = 06:25<br /> |<br /> | title4 = Mehngai Mar Gayi<br /> | extra4 = Lata Mangeskhar, [[Narendra Chanchal]], Mukesh, [[Jaani Babu Qawwal]]<br /> | length4 = 08:51<br /> |<br /> | title5 = Panditji Mere Marne Ke<br /> | extra5 = Lata Mangeshkar<br /> | length5 = 06:10<br /> |<br /> | title6 = Main Na Bhoolunga (Sad)<br /> | extra6 = Lata Mangeshkar, Mukesh<br /> | length6 = 06:00<br /> |<br /> | total_length = 37:21<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> This film was a major commercial success,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4183 |title=Rewind - Greatest Indian Film Sholay Is 43 Years Old - Box Office India |website=www.boxofficeindia.com |access-date=25 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; emerging as the highest grossing Indian film of 1974, and was declared an all time blockbuster. The film received three [[Filmfare]] awards, as well as being nominated for eleven others.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=180&amp;catName=MTk3NA== |date=1 February 2011|archive-date=6 May 2012|title=Top Earners of 1974 at the Box Office|access-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506052442/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=180&amp;catName=MTk3NA== |url-status=dead|website=BoxOfficeIndia.com website}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Awards and nominations ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Recipients and nominees<br /> ! Results<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | [[22nd Filmfare Awards]]<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners Filmfare Awards (1954 - 2021) List (scroll down to year 1975)] Filmfare Awards website, Retrieved 25 January 2022&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Manoj Kumar]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> | [[Santosh Anand]] for &quot;Main Na Bhoolunga&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br /> |[[Mahendra Kapoor]] for &quot;Aur Nahin Bus Aur Nahin&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Manoj Kumar]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br /> | [[Prem Nath]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br /> | [[Moushumi Chatterjee]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] <br /> |[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] <br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] <br /> | [[Santosh Anand]] for &quot;Aur Nahin Bus Aur Nahin&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] <br /> | [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] for &quot;Main Na Bhoolunga&quot; <br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]<br /> | [[Manoj Kumar]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|id=0072100|title=Roti Kapada Aur Makaan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1974 films]]<br /> [[Category:1974 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1974 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]<br /> [[Category:Films about social realism]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Manoj Kumar]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Killiyoor_Assembly_constituency&diff=509941 2026-05-06T19:05:30Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Killiyoor<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 234<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Killiyoor.svg<br /> | mla = [[S. Rajeshkumar]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | alliance = {{Color box|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}}} [[TVK-led Alliance|TVK+]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | district = [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency|Kanniyakumari]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | electors = 245,359 <br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> '''Killiyur''' is an assembly constituency located in [[Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency]] in [[Kanyakumari district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> <br /> === Travancore-Cochin ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | [[R. Ponnappan Nadar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election|1954]]<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Madras State ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | [[Marshal Nesamony|A. Nesamony]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | [[R. Ponnappan Nadar]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | [[William (Vilavancode MLA)|William]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | [[N. Dennis]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=2|[[Pon. Vijayaraghavan|P. Vijayaraghavan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | [[D. Kumaradas]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[Pon. Vijayaraghavan|P. Vijayaraghavan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | rowspan=3|[[D. Kumaradas]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | rowspan=2|[[S. John Jacob]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> | rowspan=3|[[S. Rajeshkumar]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|59.76}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.47}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.69}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.18}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|49.16}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|41.24}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|34.25}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|39.53}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Janata Party}}|58.24}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Janata Party}}|54.28}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Janata Party}}|79.20}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.25}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.40}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|60.05}}<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajeshkumar]] |party=Indian National Congress|votes=66,434 |percentage= |change= }} <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sabin |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= 65,123|percentage= |change= ''New'' }} {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. J. Nivin Simon|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= 31,070|percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. V. Himler |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=12,764 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=502 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= 1,311|percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =243837 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor&lt;ref name=election2021&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13680-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date= 19 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[S. Rajeshkumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,01,541 |percentage=59.76 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jude Dev K. V. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,141 |percentage=27.15 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Peter H. |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=14,571 |percentage=8.58 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[None of the above]] |party=None of the above |votes=754 |percentage=0.44 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=55,400 |percentage=32.60 |change=+2.40 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,69,918 |percentage=66.54 |change= +5.88 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 9.29 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Rajeshkumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=77,356 |percentage=50.47 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Vijayaraghavan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=31,061 |percentage=20.27 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mary Kamalabai A. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,862 |percentage=16.87 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Kumaradas]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=13,704 |percentage=8.94 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rethnammal T |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,328 |percentage=0.87 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,142 |percentage=0.75 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=46,295 |percentage=30.20 |change=+12.27 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,53,273 |percentage=60.66 |change= -3.24 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,52,676 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 8.77 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. John Jacob]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=56,932 |percentage=41.69 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chandra Kumar. T|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=32,446|percentage=23.76|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=George. R|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=29,920|percentage=21.91|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kumaradas. D|party=Independent politician|votes=10,238|percentage=7.50|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jose Bilbin. J|party=Independent politician|votes=3,457|percentage=2.53|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Soosai Marian. M|party=Independent politician|votes=1,123|percentage=0.82|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thankamony. C|party=Independent politician|votes=569|percentage=0.42|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Babu. P|party=Loktantrik Samajwadi Party|votes=533|percentage=0.39|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paul Raj. C. M|party=Independent politician|votes=476|percentage=0.35|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dhayalan. G. S|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=468|percentage=0.34|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Satheesh. C|party=Independent politician|votes=382|percentage=0.28|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,486 |percentage=17.93 |change=-10.84 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=136,544|percentage=63.90|change=4.15}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 213,668 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -13.48 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. John Jacob]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=51,016 |percentage=55.18 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chandra Kumar. T |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,411 |percentage=26.40 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kumaradhas. D |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,056 |percentage=15.20 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Richmohanraj. A |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,743 |percentage=1.89 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Stanley Gipiraj. T |party=Independent politician |votes=492 |percentage=0.53 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rehu Anandharaj. A |party=Independent politician |votes=316 |percentage=0.34 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Justin Felix. A |party=Independent politician |votes=236 |percentage=0.26 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Suresh. C |party=Independent politician |votes=185 |percentage=0.20 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,605 |percentage=28.78 |change=11.90 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=92,455 |percentage=59.75 |change= 8.68 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 154,732 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= 6.02 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor&lt;ref name=election2001&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3338-tamil-nadu-2001/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2001 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Kumaradas]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=40,075 |percentage=49.16 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Santhakumar C |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,315 |percentage=32.28 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mano Thangaraj |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=13,259 |percentage=16.26 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Johnson |party=Independent politician |votes=1,095 |percentage=1.34 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Kumaraswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=419 |percentage=0.51 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Dennis Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=362 |percentage=0.44 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,760 |percentage=16.88 |change=3.95 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=81,525 |percentage=51.07 |change= -7.84 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,720 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= 7.92 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Kumaradas]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=33,227 |percentage=41.24 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Santhakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,810 |percentage=28.31 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mano Thangaraj |party=Janata Dal |votes=17,844 |percentage=22.15 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Selvaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,267 |percentage=7.78 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Chellam |party=Independent politician |votes=115 |percentage=0.14 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sesaiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=72 |percentage=0.09 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Thomson |party=Independent politician |votes=72 |percentage=0.09 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Johnson |party=Independent politician |votes=65 |percentage=0.08 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Mariaarputham |party=Independent politician |votes=51 |percentage=0.06 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Balachandran Thambi |party=Independent politician |votes=19 |percentage=0.02 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ponnuswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=18 |percentage=0.02 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,417 |percentage=12.93 |change=11.44 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=80,576 |percentage=58.91 |change= 1.35 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 140,862 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Janata Dal |swing= 6.98 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Kumaradas]] |party=Janata Dal |votes=26,818 |percentage=34.25 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Robert Singh Pon. |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,650 |percentage=32.76 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohanakumar C. |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,735 |percentage=17.54 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vijayaraghavan Pon. |party=Janata Party |votes=11,421 |percentage=14.59 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chirstoper John T. |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=129 |percentage=0.16 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Johnson S. |party=Independent politician |votes=124 |percentage=0.16 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thankiah A. |party=Independent politician |votes=100 |percentage=0.13 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundararaj R. |party=Independent politician |votes=88 |percentage=0.11 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Samarthan G. |party=Independent politician |votes=78 |percentage=0.10 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jayapaul V. |party=Independent politician |votes=64 |percentage=0.08 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chellathurai C. |party=Independent politician |votes=63 |percentage=0.08 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,168 |percentage=1.49 |change=-11.41 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=78,295 |percentage=57.56 |change= -5.61 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 140,026 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Independent politician |swing= -5.27 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Vijayaraghavan|P. Vijayaraghavan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=30,127 |percentage=39.53 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jeyaraj. A. M |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,296 |percentage=26.63 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Stanislaus. P. S. M |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,982 |percentage=22.28 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Somaraj. T. M |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,307 |percentage=9.59 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Selvaraj. P. M |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=486 |percentage=0.64 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karnan. M. M |party=Independent politician |votes=293 |percentage=0.38 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kumar. M. P. M |party=Independent politician |votes=201 |percentage=0.26 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ponnian. C. M |party=Independent politician |votes=169 |percentage=0.22 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajendran. T. M |party=Independent politician |votes=93 |percentage=0.12 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Selvaraj. S. M |party=Independent politician |votes=81 |percentage=0.11 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohamed Basheer |party=Independent politician |votes=76 |percentage=0.10 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,831 |percentage=12.90 |change=-5.21 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=76,222 |percentage=63.17 |change= 1.15 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,736 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Janata Party |swing= -18.72 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor&lt;ref name=election1984&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3331-tamil-nadu-1984/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 1984 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=18 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Kumaradas]] |party=Janata Party |votes=36,944 |percentage=58.24 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pauliah. A. |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,458 |percentage=40.14 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raajretnam. T. |party=Independent politician |votes=448 |percentage=0.71 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thankian. A. |party=Independent politician |votes=419 |percentage=0.66 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Stanislaus. P. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=161 |percentage=0.25 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,486 |percentage=18.11 |change=-7.43 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=63,430 |percentage=62.03 |change= 1.84 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,740 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= 3.97 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Vijayaraghavan|P. Vijayaraghavan]] |party=Janata Party |votes=31,521 |percentage=54.28 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Russel Raj C. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=16,691 |percentage=28.74 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Radhakrishnan R. S. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=9,861 |percentage=16.98 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,830 |percentage=25.54 |change=-34.44 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=58,073 |percentage=60.18 |change= 14.76 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,360 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= -24.92 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Vijayaraghavan|P. Vijayaraghavan]] |party=Janata Party |votes=34,237 |percentage=79.20 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thankaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,309 |percentage=19.22 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. John Isac |party=Independent politician |votes=683 |percentage=1.58 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,928 |percentage=59.98 |change=34.71 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=43,229 |percentage=45.43 |change= -21.14 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,659 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 16.95 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Dennis]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,573 |percentage=62.25 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Russel Raj. C |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,541 |percentage=36.99 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jacinth Mendez S. |party=Independent politician |votes=422 |percentage=0.76 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,032 |percentage=25.27 |change=14.07 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=55,536 |percentage=66.56 |change= -4.59 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,361 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 19.86 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[William (Vilavancode Mla)|William]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,423 |percentage=42.40 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paniadimai |party=Swatantra Party |votes=15,767 |percentage=31.20 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Russel Raj. C |party=Independent politician |votes=11,887 |percentage=23.53 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Gabriel |party=Independent politician |votes=1,451 |percentage=2.87 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,656 |percentage=11.19 |change=-25.40 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=50,528 |percentage=71.16 |change= 15.06 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,403 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -17.65 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Ponnappan Nadar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,278 |percentage=60.05 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Devadas |party=Independent politician |votes=9,872 |percentage=23.45 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Gabriel |party=Independent politician |votes=4,271 |percentage=10.15 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Abraham |party=Independent politician |votes=2,676 |percentage=6.36 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,406 |percentage=36.60 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=42,097 |percentage=56.09 |change= 56.09 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,086 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|candidate=[[Marshal Nesamony|A. Nesamony]] |party=Indian National Congress |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,513 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ===1954===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyoor}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Ponnappan Nadar|Ponnappan Nadar]] |party=Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress |votes=17113|percentage=85.61|change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Gabrial |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,877|percentage=14.39|change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,236|percentage=71.22|change=14.91}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=19,990|percentage=55.16|change=−11.26 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =36,237|change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1952===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]]: Killiyur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Ponnappan Nadar]] |party=Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress |votes=17084 |percentage=66.96 |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Gabrial |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,718 |percentage=10.65 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A . Challia Nadar |party=Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party |votes=1,871 |percentage=7.33 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Samuel |party=Tamil Nadu People Front |votes=1,783 |percentage=6.99 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Challiah |party=Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes=1,035 |percentage=4.06 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Maria Arul |party=Independent politician |votes=1,021 |percentage=4.00 |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,366|percentage=56.31 |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=25,512|percentage=66.42|change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =38,410 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}<br /> <br /> {{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|8.27|77.21|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Kanyakumari district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aparajito_(2022_film)&diff=487110 2026-05-04T18:23:54Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Aparajito<br /> | image = Aparajito (2022 film) poster.jpeg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Anik Dutta]]<br /> | writer = Anik Dutta &lt;br/&gt; Sreeparna Mitra &lt;br/&gt; Utsav Mukherjee<br /> | producer = [[Firdausul Hasan]] &lt;br/&gt; Prabal Haldar<br /> | starring = [[Jeetu Kamal]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Supratim Bhol]]<br /> | editing = [[Arghyakamal Mitra]]<br /> | music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]<br /> | studio = Friends Communication<br /> | distributor = SSR Cinemas<br /> | released = {{Film date|2022|05|13|df=y|ref1=&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Tollywood box office update: ''Mini'' to ''Belashuru'', films releasing in May 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/tollywood-box-office-mini-to-belashuru-films-releasing-in-may-2022/photostory/91315846.cms |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | runtime = 138 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = {{INRConvert|2.94|c}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Aparajito''''' ({{IPA|bn|ɔpɔradʒito|pron}}), also known as '''''Aparajito – The Undefeated''''', is a 2022 Indian [[Bengali (language)|Bengali]]-language [[biographical]] film directed and co-written by [[Anik Dutta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=10 Bengali films to look forward to in 2022|author1=Debolina Sen|author2=Ruman Ganguly|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/10-bengali-films-to-look-forward-to-in-2022/articleshow/88637962.cms|access-date=1 June 2022|website=The Times of India|date=January 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527192041/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/10-bengali-films-to-look-forward-to-in-2022/articleshow/88637962.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Produced by Firdausul Hasan and Probal Halder under the banner of Friends Communication, it is based on the making of the [[cult classic]] film ''[[Pather Panchali]]'' by [[Satyajit Ray]]. The film, shot in black and white, stars [[Jeetu Kamal]] in the titular role of Aparajito Ray.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{More plot|date=June 2022}}<br /> Set in the mid-1950s, the film revolves around the journey and hurdles faced by a young filmmaker Aparajito Ray during the making of his first full-length feature film, ''Pather Podaboli'', inspired by the popular Bengali eponymous novel written by Bibhutibhushan Mukhopadhyay. The film has created a sensation in world cinema and won an international award at the Cannes International Film Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;bookmyshow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aparajito (2022) |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/kolkata/movies/aparajito/ET00327171 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=in.bookmyshow.com |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609134535/https://in.bookmyshow.com/kolkata/movies/aparajito/ET00327171 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Jeetu Kamal]] as Aparajito Ray alias Apu, the director of the film ''Pather Podabali''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=কমল |first=জিতু |title=Jeetu Kamal: আমার ''রাজা'' সাজা শেষ... আর সারা গালে ব্রণর দাগ, ঢোলা পাজামা-পাঞ্জাবি থাকবে না |trans-title= |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/jeetu-kamal-is-grateful-to-be-able-to-play-the-role-of-satyajit-ray-in-aparajito-dgtl/cid/1318709 |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=anandabazar.com |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; (voice dubbed by Chadrasish Ray)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moulik |first=Shampali |date=17 January 2026 |title=আমার গলা যে ব্যবহার করা যায়, আমাকে আগে কেউ বলেনি |url=https://sangbadpratidin.in/cinema/chandrashish-roys-exclusive-interview-before-vijaynagarer-hirey-release |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118060708/https://m.sangbadpratidin.in/article/cinema/chandrashish-roys-exclusive-interview-before-vijaynagarer-hirey-release/1117809 |archive-date=18 January 2026 |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Saayoni Ghosh]] as Bimala Ray, Aparajito's wife&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=''Aparajito'' teaser: Anik Dutta's film promises to give a fitting tribute to Satyajit Ray |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aparajito-teaser-anik-duttas-film-promises-to-give-a-fitting-tribute-to-satyajit-ray/articleshow/90932056.cms |website=The Times of India|date=19 April 2022|access-date=1 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Debashish Roy as Subir Mitra, cinematographer of the film ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * [[Shoaib Kabeer]] as Chandragupta Kichlu, production designer of the film ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * Ritwick Purkait as Debashis Burman, assistant director of the film ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * Saunak Samanta as Sunil Choudhury, production manager of the film ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * Mirchi Agni as Shibananda Dasgupta, co-founder of the Calcutta Film Society<br /> * Nilanjan Datta as Radha Prasad Gupta, co-founder of the Calcutta Film Society<br /> * [[Anjana Basu]] as Baruna, she plays the role of ''Sarbamangala'' in the film ''Pather Podaboli''&lt;ref name=&quot;Mepaper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anandabazar Patrika বাংলা সংবাদ, বাংলা খবর |url=https://mepaper.anandabazar.com/imageview_62786_4610420_4_71_18-04-2022_12_i_1_sf.html |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=Mepaper Anandabazar |language=bn |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602044032/https://mepaper.anandabazar.com/imageview_62786_4610420_4_71_18-04-2022_12_i_1_sf.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Subhrotavo Dutta as a man who plays the role of ''Harimadhab'' in the film ''Pather Podabali''&lt;ref name=&quot;Mepaper&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Anusha Viswanathan as Devi, she plays the role of ''Uma'' in the film ''Pather Podabali''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anusha happy with the appreciation she's receiving for her next|author=Ruman Ganguly|date=26 April 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/anusha-happy-with-the-appreciation-shes-receiving-for-her-next/articleshow/91091278.cms|access-date=1 June 2022|website=The Times of India|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528011016/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/anusha-happy-with-the-appreciation-shes-receiving-for-her-next/articleshow/91091278.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Ayush Mukherjee as Prabir, he plays the role of ''Manik'' in the film ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * Haro Kumar Gupta as Nanibala Devi, who plays the role of ''Indira Thakur'' in the film ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * [[Rishav Basu]] as Surja Shankar, music director of the film ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * [[Anashua Majumdar]] as Surama Devi, Aparajito Ray's mother&lt;ref name=&quot;Mepaper&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Samik Bandyopadhyay]] as the [[All India Radio|Akashvani]] representative who interviews Aparajito Ray.<br /> * [[Manasi Sinha]] as Rama Devi, wife of Bibhuti Mukhopadhyay, author of the novel ''Pather Podabali''<br /> * [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] as Biman Ray, the contemporary Chief Minister of West Bengal&lt;ref name=&quot;Mepaper&quot; /&gt;<br /> * [[Barun Chanda]] as Jawhar Kaul, the contemporary Prime Minister of India&lt;ref name=&quot;Mepaper&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Shooting began on 12 November 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Anik Datta begins shooting of ''Aparajito''; Jeetu Kamal to essay the role of Satyajit Ray in tribute film |work=The Economic Times |date=12 November 2021 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/anik-datta-begins-shooting-of-aparajito-jeetu-kamal-to-essay-the-role-of-satyajit-ray-in-tribute-film/articleshow/87660911.cms?from=mdr |access-date=1 June 2022 |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602070908/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/anik-datta-begins-shooting-of-aparajito-jeetu-kamal-to-essay-the-role-of-satyajit-ray-in-tribute-film/articleshow/87660911.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shooting finished on 15 December 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=It's a wrap for Satyajit Ray tribute film ''Aparajito'' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-satyajit-ray-tribute-film-aparajito/articleshow/88314019.cms |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=16 December 2021 |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601225702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-satyajit-ray-tribute-film-aparajito/articleshow/88314019.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The shooting locations include rural Bolpur and Kolkata.<br /> <br /> Research for the film was done by Sreeparna Mitra and Prithwiraj Choudhury. The prosthetics and make up were by Somnath Kundu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=''Aparajito'': Check out the final look of &quot;new&quot; Satyajit Ray in his tribute film! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aparajito-check-out-the-final-look-of-satyajit-ray-in-his-tribute-film/articleshow/90818615.cms |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=13 April 2022 |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602143651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aparajito-check-out-the-final-look-of-satyajit-ray-in-his-tribute-film/articleshow/90818615.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The costumes were designed by Suchismita Dasgupta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Here's what went into creating the look of key players in Anik Datta's film 'Aparajito' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/heres-what-went-into-creating-the-look-of-the-key-players-in-anik-dattas-film-aparajito/cid/1864686 |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=The Telegraph |author=Suchismita Dasgupta |date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512080119/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/heres-what-went-into-creating-the-look-of-the-key-players-in-anik-dattas-film-aparajito/cid/1864686 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The hair styling was by Hema Munshi and the production design by Ananda Addhya. The colourist was Soumitra Sarkar. Sound was mixed and mastered by Tirthankar Majumdar. The executive producer was Sounak Banerjee.&lt;ref name=&quot;bookmyshow&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 3:35<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Amader Panchali&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/amader-panchali-from-aparajito/vUfieMezepU_|title=Amader Panchali|year=2022|publisher=Jiosaavn|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926092949/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/amader-panchali-from-aparajito/vUfieMezepU_|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | music1 = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]<br /> | length1 = 3:55<br /> | extra1 = Arko Mukherjee<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> A teaser of the film was launched on 15 April 2022 on the occasion of Poila Boisakh.&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;/&gt; The trailer was launched on 23 April 2022 on the 30th anniversary of the death of [[Satyajit Ray]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Aparajito Trailer Captures Satyajit Ray's Struggles to Make ''Pather Panchali'' |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-cinema/aparajito-trailer-anik-dutta-satyajit-ray-jeetu-kamal-pather-panchali |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=TheQuint |archive-date=3 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503113507/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-cinema/aparajito-trailer-anik-dutta-satyajit-ray-jeetu-kamal-pather-panchali |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was premiered at the National Museum of Indian Cinema on 2 May 2022 at a special screening organised by the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] on the occasion of 101st anniversary of Ray's birth.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aparajito 2022: সত্যজিতের জন্মদিবসে মুম্বইয়ে 'অপরাজিত'-র বিশেষ স্ক্রিনিং, গর্বিত অনীক-জিতুরা |trans-title=Special screening of 'Aparajit' in Mumbai on Ray's birthday, proud Anik-Jitura |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/aparajito-the-undefeated-directed-by-anik-dutta-will-be-premiered-at-mumbai-on-satyajit-ray-centenary-birth-anniversary/articleshow/91219237.cms |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=EI Samay |date=30 April 2022 |language=bn |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602034419/https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/aparajito-the-undefeated-directed-by-anik-dutta-will-be-premiered-at-mumbai-on-satyajit-ray-centenary-birth-anniversary/articleshow/91219237.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It was released in cinemas on 13 May 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Critical reception ===<br /> [[Shyam Benegal]] appreciated the casting of Jeetu Kamal as Aparajito Ray and the cinematography of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=মুম্বইয়ে 'অপরাজিত'র স্ক্রিনিং, সত্যজিতের ভূমিকায় শ্যাম বেনেগলের মন জিতলেন জিতু |trans-title=Jitu wins Shyam Benegal's heart as Ray's screening of 'Aparajit' in Mumbai |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/shyam-benegal-praises-aparajito-star-jeetu-kamal-director-anik-dutta-shares-picture/ |website=Sangbad Pratidin |author=Suparna Majumder |date=3 May 2022 |access-date=1 June 2022 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527153351/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/shyam-benegal-praises-aparajito-star-jeetu-kamal-director-anik-dutta-shares-picture/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mayank Shekhar]] of ''[[Mid-Day]]'' wrote that it was the finest film depicting the making of a film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Finest film on the making of a film |author=Mayank Shekhar |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/opinion/article/finest-film-on-the-making-of-a-film-23225634 |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=Mid-Day |archive-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606022710/https://www.mid-day.com/news/opinion/article/finest-film-on-the-making-of-a-film-23225634 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sandip Ray]] praised the film and was emotional to see the portrayal of his father.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sandip Ray on Aparajito: পর্দায় বাবাকে খুঁজে পেলেন সত্যজিৎপুত্র,'অপরাজিত' দেখে আবেগতাড়িত সন্দীপ রায়|trans-title=Sandip Ray on Aparajito: Ray's son finds father on screen, Sandeep Roy emotional|date=13 May 2022|website=Zee News|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/sandip-ray-praises-anik-dutta-film-aparajito_431446.html|lang=bn|accessdate=1 June 2022|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601225701/https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/sandip-ray-praises-anik-dutta-film-aparajito_431446.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Taslima Nasrin]] commented on the film, &quot;Satyajit's name has to be changed to Aparajito, it's a big pain&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/facebook/2022/05/17/769736|title='সত্যজিতের নাম বদলে অপরাজিত রাখতে হয়, এটি বড় বেদনার'|trans-title=&quot;It is a pity that we have to change the name of Ray to Undefeated.&quot;|author=Taslima Nasrin|date=17 May 2022|newspaper=Bangladesh Pratidin|lang=bn|accessdate=1 June 2022|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601160827/https://www.bd-pratidin.com/facebook/2022/05/17/769736|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, there were allegations that some scenes from the original history had been misrepresented in the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/entertainment/movie/controversy-on-aparajito-strats-again-on-durgas-character/wb20220530103801718718803|title=Sreemoyee Sen Ram on Aparajito : এবার দুর্গাকে নিয়েই বিতর্কের মুখে অনীক, অসঙ্গতির অভিযোগ সত্যজিতের 'দুর্গা' কন্যার|trans-title=Sreemoyee Sen Ram on Aparajito: Anik in the face of controversy over Durga this time|lang=bn|date=30 May 2022|website=ETV Bharat|accessdate=1 June 2022|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530150152/https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/entertainment/movie/controversy-on-aparajito-strats-again-on-durgas-character/wb20220530103801718718803|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Box office ===<br /> The film earned Rs 15.4 million in its first week.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Priyanka Mukherjee |date=19 May 2022 |title=Aparajito Box office collection: ব্লকবাস্টার 'অপরাজিত'! মুক্তির প্রথম ৬ দিনে কত কোটির ব্যবসা করল অনীক দত্তর ছবি? |trans-title=Blockbuster 'Undefeated'! How many crores did Anik Dutt's business do in the first 7 days of release? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/aparajito-box-office-collection-anik-dutta-s-film-earns-1-56-cr-in-6-days-31652945277717.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519093840/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/aparajito-box-office-collection-anik-dutta-s-film-earns-1-56-cr-in-6-days-31652945277717.html |archive-date=19 May 2022 |accessdate=1 June 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |lang=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Four days later, the film grossed Rs 18.6 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://prothomkolkata.com/196208/bangla-film-is-back-aparajit-is-shaking-at-the-box-office-winning-for-the-second-consecutive-week/#:~:text=%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%20%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%2C%20'%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4',%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A5%A4|title=ফিরছে বাংলা ছবির হাল, বক্স অফিস কাঁপাচ্ছে 'অপরাজিত', অব্যাহত দ্বিতীয় সপ্তাহের জয়|trans-title=Bangla film is back, 'Aparajit' is shaking at the box office, winning for the second consecutive week|date=23 May 2022|lang=bn|website=Prothom Kolkata|accessdate=1 June 2022|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602034333/https://prothomkolkata.com/196208/bangla-film-is-back-aparajit-is-shaking-at-the-box-office-winning-for-the-second-consecutive-week/#:~:text=%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%20%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%2C%20'%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4',%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A5%A4|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 24 May, the film earned a total of Rs 24.8 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/aparajito-is-doing-good-business-in-the-theaters-even-after-a-week-and-a-half-dgtl/cid/1346384|title=Aparajito: দেড় সপ্তাহে বাণিজ্য ২.৫ কোটি! দিনাজপুরের মতো ডেনমার্কও দেখতে চাইছে 'অপরাজিত'|trans-title=Aparajito: 2.5 crore trade in a week and a half! Like Dinajpur, Denmark wants to see 'undefeated'|date=24 May 2022|lang=bn|newspaper=Anandabazar|accessdate=1 June 2022|archive-date=5 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605071359/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/aparajito-is-doing-good-business-in-the-theaters-even-after-a-week-and-a-half-dgtl/cid/1346384|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; From the Saturday of second week to the following Saturday, the film earned more Rs 43 Lakhs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/belashuru-aparajito-roaring-in-bengal-box-office-bengali-films-doing-good-business-447320/|title=১ কোটির ওপর আয়, পয়লা সপ্তাহান্তেই বক্সঅফিসে রেকর্ড ব্যবসা 'বেলাশুরু' ও 'অপরাজিত'র|lang=bn|trans-title=Record business of 'Belashuru' and 'Aparajit' at the box office in the first weekend|author=Sandipta Bhanja|date=28 May 2022|website=The Indian Express|accessdate=1 June 2022|archive-date=11 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611220847/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/belashuru-aparajito-roaring-in-bengal-box-office-bengali-films-doing-good-business-447320/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Accolades==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Result<br /> !Ref. <br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |BRICS Film Festival 2022<br /> |Special Jury Award<br /> |{{won}}<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 2022 BRICS Film Festival |url=https://www.siff.com/english/content?aid=c28a0fb5-257f-495f-a0dc-e58a615e2d14 |access-date=17 August 2024 |date=5 August 2022 |website=[[Shanghai International Film Festival]] |language=en |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821022726/https://www.siff.com/english/content?aid=c28a0fb5-257f-495f-a0dc-e58a615e2d14 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2022<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Diorama International Film Festival 2022<br /> |Best Actor <br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Indian Feature Film<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Best Cinematography<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|2023<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|[[6th WBFJA Awards|WBFJA Awards 2023]]<br /> |Best Director <br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee|first=Priyanka|title=WBFJA Awards 2023: বাংলার সাংবাদিকদের বিচারে সেরা অভিনেতা দেব, জনপ্রিয় অভিনেতা মিঠুন, গায়ক অরিজিৎ! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/wbfja-awards-2023-winner-list-dev-mithun-win-best-actors-award-aparajito-and-dostojee-jointly-win-best-film-award-31673196904842.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119065157/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/wbfja-awards-2023-winner-list-dev-mithun-win-best-actors-award-aparajito-and-dostojee-jointly-win-best-film-award-31673196904842.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2023 |access-date=17 August 2024 |date=8 January 2023|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=bn|quote=‘প্রজাপতি’ জুটির কামাল! অনস্ক্রিন পিতা-পুত্র দুজনের ঝুলিতেই গেল সেরা অভিনেতার পুরস্কার। সেরা অভিনেত্রী গার্গী রায়চৌধুরী, সেরা ছবি- ‘দোস্তজী’ ও ‘অপরাজিত’। }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Promising Actor <br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Screenplay<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Make-up<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Costume <br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Background score<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Art Director<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2023<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Ajanta-Ellora International Film Festival 2022<br /> |Best Actor<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jeetu Kamal won the best actor prize for the Bengali film Aparajito. |date=18 January 2023 |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/naanera-bagged-golden-kailasha-award-in-ajanta-ellora-film-festival/ |access-date=17 August 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Music Director<br /> |{{won}} <br /> |-<br /> |Best Cinematographer <br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Sound Design <br /> |{{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2024<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[70th National Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Makeup<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |title=70th National Film Awards full list of winners: Brahmastra, Ponniyin Selvan Part 1, Aattam win big |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/70th-national-film-awards-full-list-of-winners-brahmastra-ponniyin-selvan-part-1-aattam-win-big-101723799613996.html |access-date=17 August 2024 |date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en-IN |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816144028/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/70th-national-film-awards-full-list-of-winners-brahmastra-ponniyin-selvan-part-1-aattam-win-big-101723799613996.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Production Design<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Cite web|title=Aparajito|publisher=[[IMDb]] |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15964372/ |language=en |access-date=}}<br /> [[Category:2022 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian biographical films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language biographical films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Bengali-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Anik Dutta]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Debojyoti Mishra]]<br /> [[Category:Films about filmmaking]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Friends Communication films]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Satyajit Ray]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Indian films]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medha_Shankr&diff=517106 2026-05-04T12:54:51Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Starting the post w/ refs</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Medha Shankr<br /> | image = Medha Shankr spotted in Khar (cropped).jpg<br /> | caption = Shankr in 2024<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|08|01|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ht-bd&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.techlt.com/lifestyle/medha-shankar-age-movies-and-tv-shows|publisher=Tech LT|title=Medha Shankar Age, Movies, and TV Shows – Full Biography of a Rising Star|access-date=2025-11-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | alma_mater = [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] [[ Maharaja Agrasen College, University of Delhi]]<br /> | yearsactive = 2015–present<br /> | children = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Medha Shankr''' (born 1 August 1997)&lt;ref name=&quot;ht-bd&quot;/&gt; is an Indian actress who is known for her works in [[Hindi]] films. Shankr made her acting debut with the British miniseries ''[[Beecham House]]'' (2019) and followed it with few supporting parts. She achieved her breakthrough with the biographical drama ''[[12th Fail]]'' (2023), which won her the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/how-12th-fail-actress-medha-shankar-became-an-overnight-sensation-8791336.html|work=News18 India|title=How 12th Fail actress Medha Shankar became an overnight sensation|access-date=28 February 2024|archive-date=10 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310145822/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/how-12th-fail-actress-medha-shankar-became-an-overnight-sensation-8791336.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://odishatv.in/news/entertainment/-12th-fail-actress-medha-shankar-takes-over-social-media-becomes-new-crush-with-magical-performance-218843/amp|work=Odisha TV|title=Medha Shankar takes over social media, becomes new crush with magical performance|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231145822/https://odishatv.in/news/entertainment/-12th-fail-actress-medha-shankar-takes-over-social-media-becomes-new-crush-with-magical-performance-218843/amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Life and career ==<br /> Shankr was born and brought up in [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Shankr is a trained [[Hindustani classical singer]]. She completed her master's degree in Fashion Management from [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]], [[Delhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu 2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shaadisthan-actress-medha-shankars-making-a-mark-23180060|work=Mid Day|title=Medha Shankar making a mark|date=27 June 2021|access-date=24 December 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627083119/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/shaadisthan-actress-medha-shankars-making-a-mark-23180060|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shankr made her acting debut in 2019, with the British television series ''[[Beecham House]]'', where she portrayed Roshanara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/medha-shankar-exploring-a-world-of-acting-opportunities/|work=Eastern Eye|title=Medha Shankar: Exploring a world of acting opportunities|date=September 2021 |access-date=15 September 2022|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018143824/https://www.easterneye.biz/medha-shankar-exploring-a-world-of-acting-opportunities/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shankr then made her film debut in 2021, with ''[[Shaadisthan]]'', a Hindi teen musical film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/medha-shankar-shares-her-on-sets-experiences-in-shaadisthan-270254|work=The Tribune India|title=Medha Shankar shares her on-sets experiences in Shaadisthan|access-date=22 September 2021|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231140129/https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/medha-shankar-shares-her-on-sets-experiences-in-shaadisthan-270254|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shrishti Negi of ''[[News18]]'' opined, &quot;Medha channels a teenager’s vulnerabilities and simmering frustrations with utmost honesty&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shaadisthan-movie-review-memorable-performances-make-it-relevant-and-meaningful-3837677.html|work=News18|title=Shaadisthan Movie Review: Memorable Performances Make It Relevant and Meaningful|date=12 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231140839/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/shaadisthan-movie-review-memorable-performances-make-it-relevant-and-meaningful-3837677.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; That same year, she portrayed the youngest sibling, Eshwari, in the streaming series ''[[Dil Bekaraar]]'', which received positive reviews from critics.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Living her dreams: Medha Shankar of 'Dil Bekaraar' hopes to make a mark as an actor | website=The Hindu | date=2021-07-13 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/medha-shankar-of-shadisthan-hopes-to-make-a-mark-as-an-actor/article35296497.ece/ | access-date=2021-12-16 | archive-date=31 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231143855/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/medha-shankar-of-shadisthan-hopes-to-make-a-mark-as-an-actor/article35296497.ece/amp/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Dil Bekaraar review: A warm slice of the '80s to get nostalgic with | website=Firstpost | date=2021-11-26 | url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dil-bekaraar-review-a-warm-slice-of-the-80s-to-get-nostalgic-with-10165851.html | access-date=2021-12-16 | archive-date=30 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030042022/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dil-bekaraar-review-a-warm-slice-of-the-80s-to-get-nostalgic-with-10165851.html | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2022, Shankr portrayed Minara, a girl who dumps her boyfriend for an older man in ''Max, Min and Meowzaki''. The film received critical acclaim at various film festivals.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shankar&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/after-tremendous-response-at-busan-iffk-and-palm-springs-film-max-min-and-meowzaki-receives-overwhelming-response-at-its-first-screening-in-mumbai20230313180456/#google_vignette |title=After tremendous response at Busan, IFFK and Palm Springs, film Max, Min and Meowzaki receives overwhelming response in Mumbai |work=ANI News |access-date=21 August 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111052735/https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/after-tremendous-response-at-busan-iffk-and-palm-springs-film-max-min-and-meowzaki-receives-overwhelming-response-at-its-first-screening-in-mumbai20230313180456/#google_vignette |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2023, Shankr portrayed [[Shraddha Joshi Sharma|Shraddha Joshi]], an [[Uttarakhand Public Service Commission|UKPSC]] officer in the drama film ''[[12th Fail]]'', opposite [[Vikrant Massey]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-medha-shankr-reacts-to-12th-fail-success-recalls-her-restart-moment-in-life-vikrant-massey-vidhu-vinod-chopra-3068717/amp|work=DNA India|title=Medha Shankr reacts to 12th Fail's success, recalls her 'restart' moment in life|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118093217/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-medha-shankr-reacts-to-12th-fail-success-recalls-her-restart-moment-in-life-vikrant-massey-vidhu-vinod-chopra-3068717/amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhavna Agarwal of ''[[India Today]]'' noted, &quot;Medha Shankr as Shraddha, has a defined part as well, and she is the crutch that helps with lighter moments in the film&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Agarwal|first=Bhavna|title=12th Fail Review: Vikrant Massey passes with flying colors on performance sheet|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/12th-fail-review-vikrant-massey-passes-with-flying-colors-on-the-performance-sheet-2454280-2023-10-27|date=27 October 2023|accessdate=16 November 2023|work=India Today|archive-date=27 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027155641/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/12th-fail-review-vikrant-massey-passes-with-flying-colors-on-the-performance-sheet-2454280-2023-10-27|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated that Shankr impresses with her &quot;poise and warmth&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anuj|title='12th Fail' movie review: Vidhu Vinod Chopra delivers yet another hug of hope that is more earnest than magical|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/12th-fail-movie-review-vidhu-vinod-chopra-delivers-yet-another-hug-of-hope-that-is-more-earnest-than-magical/article67460764.ece|date=26 October 2023|work=The Hindu|access-date=31 December 2023|archive-date=27 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027161519/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/12th-fail-movie-review-vidhu-vinod-chopra-delivers-yet-another-hug-of-hope-that-is-more-earnest-than-magical/article67460764.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film emerged as a [[sleeper hit]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/12th-fail-box-office-collection-vikrant-masseys-film-crosses-rs-50-crore-during-5th-week-in-india-101701246864646.html |title=12th Fail box office collection: Vikrant Massey's film crosses ₹50 crore during 5th week in India |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130083912/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/12th-fail-box-office-collection-vikrant-masseys-film-crosses-rs-50-crore-during-5th-week-in-india-101701246864646.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It proved to be her breakthrough and earned her wider recognition.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-medha-shankar-got-overnight-fame-from-12th-fail-success-increase-million-followers-on-social-media-23625013.html |title=12th Fail's Medha Shankar gets overnight fame, earn million followers on social media |work=Jagran |access-date=10 January 2024 |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109083912/https://www.jagran.com/lite/entertainment/bollywood-medha-shankar-got-overnight-fame-from-12th-fail-success-increase-million-followers-on-social-media-23625013.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Films that are in production}}<br /> |Denotes films that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | ''With You for You Always''<br /> | Maya<br /> | Short film<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/againstallodds-medha-shankar-self-belief-and-perseverance-are-your-only-two-best-friends-in-this-industry/articleshow/84620449.cms|work=The Times of India|title=#AgainstAllOdds! Medha Shankar|date=22 July 2021|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111052840/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/againstallodds-medha-shankar-self-belief-and-perseverance-are-your-only-two-best-friends-in-this-industry/articleshow/84620449.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021<br /> | ''[[Shaadisthan]]''<br /> | Arshi Modi<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shaadisthan Review: Woke but weak |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/shaadisthan/ottmoviereview/83421581.cms |access-date=2022-01-15 |date=2021-07-29 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928162622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/shaadisthan/ottmoviereview/83421581.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | ''Max, Min and Meowzaki''<br /> | Minara &quot;Min&quot; Hussain<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;Shankar&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | ''[[12th Fail]]''<br /> | [[Shraddha Joshi Sharma|Shraddha Joshi]]<br /> | Also playback singer for the song &quot;Bolo Na&quot; (Film Version)<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/12th-fail-vikrant-massey-medha-shankar-seek-blessings-at-patna-temple-2735204|work=Deccan Herald|title=12th Fail: Vikrant Massey, Medha Shankar seek blessings at Patna's Hanuman temple|access-date=29 November 2023|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231145123/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/12th-fail-vikrant-massey-medha-shankar-seek-blessings-at-patna-temple-2735204|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=12th Fail (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/12th-fail-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1719756548 |work=Apple Music |access-date=2 January 2024 |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224125046/https://music.apple.com/us/album/12th-fail-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1719756548 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> |2026<br /> | ''[[Ginny Wedss Sunny 2]]''<br /> | Geetanjali &quot;Ginny&quot; Goenka<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=CONFIRMED! Avinash Tiwary and Medha Shankr to headline Ginny Wedss Sunny 2|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-avinash-tiwary-medha-shankr-headline-ginny-wedss-sunny-2-deets-inside/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |{{TBA}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffc;&quot; | Untitled film {{dagger}}<br /> | {{TableTBA}} <br /> | Completed <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Medha Shankr Wraps up The Shoot of Her Next Untitled Film {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-medha-shankr-wraps-up-the-shoot-of-her-next-untitled-film-71141.html |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Beecham House]]''<br /> | Roshanara <br /> | [[United Kingdom|British]] TV series<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://britishperioddramas.com/news/beecham-house-characters-cast-guide-whos-who/|work=British Period Dramas|title=Beecham House characters guide: Who's who in new PBS period drama|access-date=11 December 2022|date=20 June 2020|archive-date=31 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131024905/https://britishperioddramas.com/news/beecham-house-characters-cast-guide-whos-who/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021<br /> | ''[[Dil Bekaraar]]''<br /> | Eshwari Thakur<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=IER&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Sampada|title=Dil Bekaraar first impression: Disney Plus Hotstar series stays true to Anuja Chauhan's novel|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dil-bekaraar-review-first-impression-those-pricey-thakur-girls-disney-plus-hotstar-7642376/|url-status=live|website=The Indian Express|date=26 November 2021 |language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126101632/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dil-bekaraar-review-first-impression-those-pricey-thakur-girls-disney-plus-hotstar-7642376/ |archive-date=26 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Documentary ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | ''[[Zero Se Restart]]''<br /> | [[Shraddha Joshi Sharma|Shraddha Joshi]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/zero-se-restart-review-a-wonderfully-lucid-work-of-cinema-that-every-film-lover-must-watch-4-stars-7239386|title=Zero Se Restart Review: A Wonderfully Lucid Work Of Cinema That Every Film Lover Must Watch|website=NDTV |accessdate=31 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards and nominations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year 55555<br /> ! Award <br /> ! Category <br /> ! Film<br /> ! Result <br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2024<br /> | [[Zee Cine Awards]]<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|''[[12th Fail]]''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2024 Zee Cine Awards Winners |website=Zee Cine Awards |url=https://zeecineawards.com/2024-2/ |access-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417021812/https://zeecineawards.com/2024-2/ |archive-date=17 April 2024 |url-status=live |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Pinkvilla Screen and Style Icons Awards]]<br /> | Best Actress – Jury Choice <br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pinkvilla Screen &amp; Style Icons Awards: Complete list of winners ft. Medha Shankr, Akshay Kumar, Karan Johar and more |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-screen-and-style-icons-awards-complete-list-of-winners-ft-kiara-advani-akshay-kumar-karan-johar-and-more-1287517 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|10791162}}<br /> * {{Instagram|medhashankr}}<br /> <br /> {{Subject bar<br /> |commons = yes<br /> |commons-search = Category:Medha Shankar <br /> |d = yes<br /> |d-search = Q124047728<br /> |portal1 = Biography<br /> |portal2 = India<br /> |portal3 = Television<br /> |portal4 = Films<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar, Medha}}<br /> [[Category:1997 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:People from Noida]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:National Institute of Fashion Technology alumni]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhindora&diff=496839 2026-05-04T10:00:45Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian YouTube web series (2021)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Dhindora_promotional_poster.jpeg<br /> | caption = Promotional poster<br /> | genre = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Comedy drama]]<br /> }}<br /> | screenplay = {{Plainlist|<br /> *[[Hussain Dalal]]<br /> *Abbas Dalal<br /> *[[Bhuvan Bam]]<br /> }}<br /> | story = [[Bhuvan Bam]]<br /> | director = Himank Gaur<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Bhuvan Bam<br /> * [[Gayatri Bhardwaj]]<br /> * [[Anup Soni]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = '''Score:'''&lt;br/&gt;Saurabh Lokhande&lt;br/&gt;Jarvis Menezes&lt;br /&gt;'''Songs:'''&lt;br /&gt;Bhuvan Bam&lt;br /&gt;[[Sneha Khanwalkar]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 8<br /> | producer = Rohit Raj&lt;br/&gt;Bhuvan Bam<br /> | cinematography = Jerin Paul<br /> | animator = Mohammad Aqib<br /> | editor = {{Plainlist|<br /> *Rishabh Malhotra<br /> *Amit Kulkarni<br /> }}<br /> | camera = Multi-camera<br /> | runtime = 14 - 22 minutes<br /> | company = BB Ki Vines<br /> | network = <br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2021|10|14|df=yes}}<br /> }}<br /> '''''Dhindora''''' ({{translit|hi|iso|Ḍhiṇḍhorā}}) (translation: Drumroll) is a 2021 Indian [[comedy drama|comedy-drama]] [[web series]] created by [[Bhuvan Bam]] and directed by Himank Gaur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2021 |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |title=Bhuvan Bam's Dhindora trailer out. Even SS Rajamouli is excited |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/bhuvan-bam-s-dhindora-trailer-out-even-ss-rajamouli-is-excited-1861122-2021-10-05 |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Based on the popular characters from Bam's ''BB Ki Vines'', the show features Bam playing [[dual role|ten different characters]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-05 |title=Dhindora trailer: Bhuvan Bam plays nine characters in debut web series |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/dhindora-trailer-youtube-bb-ki-vines-bhuvan-bam-7553855/ |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and also stars [[Gayatri Bhardwaj]] and Jeeveshu Ahluwalia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Dhindora Season 1 Review: Bhuvan Bam packs several punches in this social satire |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/dhindora/season-1/seasonreview/87181295.cms |access-date=2022-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-19 |title=Bhuvan Bam: Despite Dhindora success, I wouldn't want 2021 to exist in my life |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/bhuvan-bam-despite-dhindora-success-i-wouldn-t-want-2021-to-exist-in-my-life-101639919303548.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; By July 2022, Bam claimed that the show had garnered over 500 million views.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Bhuvan Bam's Dhindora becomes YouTube India's most-watched show with 400m views |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/ott/bhuvan-bams-web-series-dhindora-becomes-youtube-indias-mostwatched-show-146559 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=News9Live |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-05 |title=Bhuvan Bam's 'Dhindora' 1st Indian Limited Series To Clock Half Billion Views On YouTube |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/bhuvan-bam-s-dhindora-1st-indian-limited-series-to-clock-half-billion-views-on-youtube-news-206997 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The soundtrack is composed by Bam and [[Sneha Khanwalkar]]. A second season is currently in production.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=Bhuvan Bam confirms Season 2 of Dhindhora |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/bhuvan-bam-confirms-season-2-of-dhindhora-404617/ |website=The Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> <br /> * [[Bhuvan Bam]] in [[dual role|ten different roles]] as<br /> **Bhuvan Bam, a fictionalised version of Bam himself<br /> **Babloo, Bhuvan's father<br /> **Janaki, Bhuvan's mother<br /> **Banchoddas &quot;Bancho&quot; Chhatriwala, Bhuvan's friend and Sameer's cousin<br /> **Sameer Fuddi, Bhuvan's friend, and Bancho's cousin<br /> **Titu, Janaki's brother and Bhuvan's uncle<br /> **Bubbly Gupta, Bhuvan's teacher<br /> **Majnu Prasad Hola, Babloo's co-worker and Bhuvan's nemesis<br /> **Lakhan &quot;Makichu&quot; Chhatriwala (Papa MKC), Bancho's father and Titu's childhood friend&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dhindora: Meet the Ultimate One Man 9 Characters by Bhuvan Bam |url=https://www.jagrantv.com/amp-stories-en/news/bhuvan-bam-dhindora-meet-the-ultimate-one-man-9-characters-cast-of-bb-ki-vines-first-web-series-ws197 |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Jagran TV |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> **Detective Mangloo<br /> * [[Gayatri Bhardwaj]] as Dr. Tara Rumpum&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='He is the funniest person': Gayatri Bharadwaj shares her experience of working with Bhuvan Bam in 'Dhindora' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/he-is-the-funniest-person-gayatri-bharadwaj-shares-her-experience-of-working-with-bhuvan-bam-in-dhindora |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Rajesh Tailang]] as Paarshad<br /> * Ankur Pathak as Lottery Boy<br /> * [[Anup Soni]] as himself<br /> * Jeeveshu Ahluwalia as Chef<br /> * Arun Kushwah as Telemarketing Baba<br /> * Badri Chavan as Rickshaw Guy<br /> * Bikran Nakati as Bikram<br /> * [[Ishtiyak Khan]] as Boss<br /> * Tejas Kolekar as Budh<br /> * Devraj Patel as Student<br /> * Arsh Parmindra Shah as Resident of Society<br /> * Gurpreet Kaur as Airhostess<br /> * Ajay Madhok as Society Man<br /> * Laxman Dawbhat as Shop Owner<br /> <br /> === Guest appearances during the title track (in order of appearance) ===<br /> * Harsh Beniwal<br /> * [[Niscay Malhan|Nischay Malhan]] (Triggered Insaan)<br /> * Nikunj Lotia (BeYouNick)<br /> * Gaurav Taneja (Flying Beast)<br /> * [[Round2hell]]<br /> * [[Zakir Khan (comedian)|Zakir Khan]]<br /> * [[Tanmay Bhat]]<br /> * MJ5 Crew<br /> * Sonal Devraj (Team Naach)<br /> * Sejal Kumar<br /> * Ashish Chanchlani<br /> * [[Ajey Nagar]] (CarryMinati)<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Babloo is a middle-class man living with his wife, Janki, and their son, Bhuvan. After their usual morning routine, Bhuvan takes an auto-rickshaw to college but is surprised when his father joins him in the same auto. Due to this, Bhuvan is late for his singing audition but manages to get a little extra time out of sympathy. However, when he checks his guitar, he discovers that the battery is missing, as his father had taken it.<br /> <br /> At his office, Babloo is called in by his boss, who informs him that he has been promoted. However, there's a catch—his salary will be reduced because of his tardiness. Just when things seem to be going downhill, Babloo buys a lottery ticket and, to everyone's surprise, wins. However, fate takes a turn when he gets into an accident and loses his memory.<br /> <br /> Bhuvan, determined to find the person responsible for the accident, starts investigating. Along with his friends, he visits the crime scene and questions a shopkeeper about what happened. However, the killer secretly bribes the shopkeeper, instructing him to provide no information. Disappointed, Bhuvan and his friends sit down on a nearby bench, when Detective Mangloo suddenly appears and points out that the killer is right beside them. Bhuvan and his two friends chase the suspect. The killer is eventually caught by Bhuvan’s friend, Sameer, who forces him to unmask. Bhuvan is shocked to discover that the killer is none other than his uncle, Titu.<br /> <br /> === Flashback ===<br /> Titu is talking to his wife, Kavita, when he accidentally hits someone with his car. Upon stopping, he discovers that the person he hit is his brother-in-law.<br /> <br /> === Present time ===<br /> Titu confesses everything to his sister, but she, unforgiving and furious, orders him to leave and never show his face again. With teary eyes, Titu leaves. As soon as he departs, the neighbors gather around, treating Babloo like a VIP. Out of greed, they even suggest building a statue in his honor, given his newfound fame.<br /> <br /> Later, Titu, along with Bhuvan and his friends, is at a bar, where Titu tearfully explains to Bhuvan that the accident was not his fault. Suddenly, Bhancho, Bhuvan's friend, receives a message, and just then, Detective Mangloo appears. After asking for 20 INR, Mangloo sends Bhancho a video—footage from a camera on the road where the accident occurred. The video shows that Hola, Babloo's enemy, pushed him after learning that he had won the lottery.<br /> <br /> Angered by this revelation, Titu convinces Bhancho and Sameer (Bhuvan's friend) to join him in confronting Hola. Armed with weapons, they secretly enter Hola's house and knock him out with a blow to the head. After Hola regains consciousness, they force him to record a video confession, admitting to what he did. After a severe beating, Hola finally complies.<br /> <br /> Titu then shows the video to his sister, Janki, and things seem to be resolved. However, Bhuvan overhears his father talking to a woman and realizes that Babloo had been faking his memory loss all along.<br /> <br /> === Flashback ===<br /> Babloo regains consciousness and secretly slips into the bathroom. There, he dials the number of the lottery shop and reads the number on his lottery ticket to the shopkeeper. The shopkeeper congratulates him, but only for winning a fridge. Confused, Babloo insists that he won 11 [[crore]] INR. The shopkeeper explains that the lottery ticket worth 11 crore INR begins with a '0.'<br /> <br /> Without thinking, Babloo responds, &quot;Yeah, but we don't count the value of zero.&quot;<br /> <br /> The shopkeeper, annoyed, curses him and hangs up. Realizing that he hadn’t won the 11 crore INR lottery but had already told his wife about winning, Babloo decided to fake memory loss to cover up the lie.<br /> <br /> === Present time ===<br /> A kid from the community calls out to Babloo to come downstairs but accidentally overhears him admitting that he didn’t actually win the lottery.<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Episode table|background=#00BFFF|overall=|series=|title=|director=|writer=|airdate=|country=India|episodes={{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 1<br /> |Title = Lag Gayi<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|14|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Babloo and his family lead an ordinary life, one day by a stroke of luck, he wins a lottery.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 2<br /> |Title = Baasi Roti<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|21|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Bablooji has met with a lethal accident and is hospitalised, and the rest of the family learns of the lottery.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 3<br /> |Title = Nano Thug Lenge<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|28|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = The neighbours visit Babloo to congratulate him for his 'win'. Sameer, Bhuvan and Bancho go to interrogate a possible suspect. It's love at first sight for Bhuvan when he meets Dr. Tara. Janki calls Titu Mama for help paying a hefty hospital bill but, he is in a sticky situation himself.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 4<br /> |Title = Saste Sherlock<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|4|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Titu Mama manages to solve his problem and be there for the family. Babloo is discharged and is greeted by the neighbours waiting for him at home. Love is in the air for Bhuvan. A famous detective helps the trio to find something suspicious.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 5<br /> |Title = Erection In Progress<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|11|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = We come to know who caused the accident and drama ensues. The local minister promises to build a statue of Babloo ji in the park. Detective Mangloo shares a crucial piece of evidence that could lead to the true perpetrator.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 6<br /> |Title = DTYDHTB<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|18|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Hola gets beaten for what he did and gives up his confession. Bhuvan discovers that his father Mr. Babloo has been acting all along and hasn't actually lost his memory.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 7<br /> |Title = Toota Ek Taara<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|11|25|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = The truth shocks the family and all hell breaks loose. Bhuvan delivers a thought-provoking monologue. Babloo and his family slowly begin to move on from the tragedy. Bhuvan's unsure of his future with Tara.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> |EpisodeNumber2 = 8<br /> |Title = Samay Ka Pahiya<br /> |DirectedBy = Himank Gaur<br /> |WrittenBy = Bhuvan Bam, Abbas Dalal, and Hussain Dalal<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|2|df=y}}<br /> |ShortSummary = Bablooji is given some more bad news and is fired from his office but Fate is not done with him just yet.<br /> |LineColor = #00BFFF<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The first season has eight episodes, which were released on Bam's YouTube channel from 14 October&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; till 2 December 2021.<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Dhindora<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Bhuvan Bam]] and [[Sneha Khanwalkar]]<br /> | released = {{Start date|2021|10|06|df=yes}}<br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=14|s=30}}<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> }}<br /> The soundtrack is composed by [[Bhuvan Bam]] and [[Sneha Khanwalkar]], with lyrics penned by Bam and [[Mohit Gaur]]. Saurabh Lokhande and Jarvis Menezes composed the score, along with additional music work on the soundtrack.<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Dhindora<br /> | length1 = 3:19<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Bhuvan Bam]]<br /> | music1 = [[Sneha Khanwalkar]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Kailash Kher]]<br /> | title2 = Tang Tana Tang<br /> | length2 = 1:31<br /> | music2 = Sneha Khanwalkar, Saurabh Lokhande, Jarvis Menezes<br /> | extra2 = Instrumental<br /> | title3 = Didi Song<br /> | length3 = 1:22<br /> | lyrics3 = Bhuvan Bam<br /> | music3 = Bhuvan Bam<br /> | extra3 = Bhuvan Bam<br /> | title4 = Saazish<br /> | length4 = 4:06<br /> | lyrics4 = Bhuvan Bam<br /> | music4 = Bhuvan Bam<br /> | extra4 = [[Rekha Bhardwaj]], Bhuvan Bam<br /> | title5 = Bann Gayi Zindagi<br /> | length5 = 3:06<br /> | lyrics5 = Bhuvan Bam, [[Mohit Gaur]]<br /> | music5 = Bhuvan Bam<br /> | extra5 = Bhuvan Bam<br /> | title6 = Papa MKC Theme (Dhindora Bonus Audio<br /> | length6 = 1:06<br /> | lyrics6 = <br /> | music6 = Saurabh Lokhande, Jarvis Menezes<br /> | extra6 = Instrumental<br /> | total_length = 14:30<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Future ==<br /> On 3 February 2026, [[Bhuvan Bam]] announced a second season of the series, confirming it would stream on [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dhindora Season 2 on OTT: Bhuvam Bam's comedy drama promises lottery of entertainment {{!}} Watch announcement video |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/dhindora-season-2-on-ott-bhuvam-bams-comedy-drama-promises-lottery-of-entertainment-watch-announcement-video/5328aa01b1956 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-03 |title=Bhuvan Bam’s Dhindora 2 Officially Announced — Titu Mama Is Back To Create Chaos! |url=https://glamsham.com/ott/web-news/bhuvan-bam-dhindora-2-announced-titu-mama/ |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=glamsham.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Netflix India slate 2026 announced: From Bhuvan Bam’s Dhindora 2 to telugu series Super Subbu, Check full lineup |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/netflix-india-slate-2026-announced-from-bhuvan-bam-s-dhindora-2-to-telugu-series-super-subbu-check-full-lineup-3013773.html |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=Zee News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2026-02-04 |title=Bhuvan Bam’s Dhindora returns with season 2, announced at Next On Netflix 2026 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhuvan-bams-dhindora-returns-season-2-announced-next-netflix-2026/ |access-date=2026-02-04 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|14650074}}<br /> * [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjwBf9QEIO97A_93SKN0zbY2XLErnPcT-&amp;si=fHFVWaNzN2JoAWZ3 Series Playlist] on [[YouTube]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi-language web series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama web series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy web series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian web series]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aditya_Rawal&diff=484665 2026-04-30T21:16:36Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Aditya Rawal<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|09|28|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|writer}}<br /> | yearsactive = 2012–present<br /> | father = [[Paresh Rawal]]<br /> | mother = [[Swaroop Sampat]]<br /> | alma mater = [[University of Mumbai]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Aditya Rawal''' (born 28 September 1993) is an Indian actor and writer who works in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films. Born to actors [[Paresh Rawal]] and [[Swaroop Sampat]], he started his career as a writer. Rawal made his film debut with ''[[Bamfaad]]'' (2020) and has since starred in ''[[Faraaz (film)|Faraaz]]'' (2022), which earned him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aditya Rawal opens up on working with Hansal Mehta in Faraaz; calls it &quot;enlightening experience&quot; |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=28 February 2023 |access-date=28 February 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aditya-rawal-opens-working-hansal-mehta-faraaz-calls-enlightening-experience/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards 2024 Live: Alizeh Agnihotri, Aditya Rawal bag Filmfare Awards for Best Debuts|work=India TV |date=28 January 2024 |access-date=29 January 2024 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/filmfare-awards-2024-live-updates-watch-live-streaming-of-grand-ceremony-winner-best-actor-actress-with-latest-news-2024-01-28-914101}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Rawal was born in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) to actors [[Paresh Rawal]] and [[Swaroop Sampat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AR&quot; /&gt; While his father is a recipient of a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]], his mother is the winner of [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]] 1979.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Paresh Rawal turns 64: PM Narendra Modi gives actor the best birthday gift |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/paresh-rawal-turns-64-pm-narendra-modi-gives-actor-the-best-birthday-gift-1538413-2019-05-30 |access-date=19 August 2019 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819091412/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/paresh-rawal-turns-64-pm-narendra-modi-gives-actor-the-best-birthday-gift-1538413-2019-05-30 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-right-recipe/article2243650.ece | title=Swaroop Sampat: The right recipe | date=14 April 2007 | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=29 May 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rawal has a brother named Anirudh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=बड़े काबिल हैं परेश रावल के दोनों बेटे, एक ने सलमान खान की फिल्म में दिखाया जलवा, दूसरे का डेब्यू इसी साल |work=India TV News |date=30 May 2019 |access-date=10 December 2020 |url=https://www.indiatv.in/entertainment/bollywood-meet-two-sons-of-paresh-rawal-aditya-rawal-and-anirudh-rawal-639803}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rawal completed his graduation from [[University of Mumbai|Mumbai University]], where he was the captain of the football team and has also went to the national camp.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Aroon Tikekar |year=2006 |title=The Cloister's Pale: A Biography of the University of Mumbai |edition=2nd |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Mumbai |isbn=978-81-7991-293-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aditya Rawal on parents Paresh Rawal and Swaroop Sampat |work=Times of India |date=16 February 2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/aditya-rawal-on-parents-paresh-rawal-and-swaroop-sampat-being-their-son-i-relied-on-their-astute-guidance-but-never-expected-them-to-launch-me-exclusive/articleshow/97968437.cms|quote=I was the captain of Mumbai University}}&lt;/ref&gt; He pursued dramatic writing programme at the [[New York University Tisch School of the Arts|Tisch School of the Arts]], [[New York City|New York]]. Rawal did an initiation course in theatre and performance at the [[London International School of Performing Arts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PRSSAR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Playing The Rawal Model: Paresh, Swaroop and Aditya |author=Kunal Guha |work=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=12 November 2020 |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/playing-the-rawal-model/articleshow/75780318.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Rawal started his career as a child artist in ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''. He then assisted on his father's film ''[[OMG – Oh My God!]]'', both in 2012. Rawal then worked as a writer and wrote for [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]'s ''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]'' in 2019 and for his father's film ''[[Dear Father (2022 film)|Dear Father]]'' in 2022. He also wrote and acted in the 2017 short film &quot;The Mailbox&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRSSAR&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Rawal made his acting debut with the 2020 film ''[[Bamfaad]]''. He portrayed a Muslim teenager opposite [[Shalini Pandey]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/958368/bamfaad-trailer-inter-faith-lovers-find-the-going-tough-in-zee5-film|title='Bamfaad' trailer: Inter-faith lovers find the going tough in Zee5 film|date=6 April 2020|website=scroll.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413081000/https://amp.scroll.in/reel/958368/bamfaad-trailer-inter-faith-lovers-find-the-going-tough-in-zee5-film|archive-date=13 April 2020|access-date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shubhra Gupta]] noted, &quot;Aditya Rawal delivers a restrained, convincing performance.&quot; While, [[Anna MM Vetticad]] stated, &quot;In Bamfaad Rawal reveals himself to be a natural actor with solid potential. His physique is also a pleasant change from the steady stream of star sons.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bamfaad-movie-review-rating-6356312/|title=Bamfaad movie review: Aditya Rawal delivers a restrained, convincing performance|date=10 April 2020 |access-date=10 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bamfaad-movie-review-aditya-rawal-makes-his-mark-in-an-engaging-even-if-generic-crime-and-love-saga-8247841.html|title=Bamfaad movie review: Aditya Rawal makes his mark in an engaging, even if generic, crime-and-love saga|access-date=10 April 2020|website=Firstpost|date=10 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Rawal next made his web debut with ''[[Teerandaz (TV series)|Teerandaz]]'' in 2022, portraying a tribal archer. [[Saibal Chatterjee]] wrote, &quot;Aditya Rawal is called upon to carry the weight of the story on his shoulders. He does his best, but the screenplay does not give an opportunity to breathe some life into the character and the plot.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/i-tried-to-make-the-dialect-as-conversational-as-possible-learned-to-work-with-bows-and-arrows-aditya-rawal-11998052.html/amp |title=I tried to make the dialect as conversational as possible, learned to work with bows and arrows: Aditya Rawal |access-date=20 January 2023 |work=Firstpost|date=17 January 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |author-link=Saibal Chatterjee |title=Aar Ya Paar Review: Aditya Rawal Does His Best To Carry The Weight Of The Story |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/aar-ya-paar-review-aditya-rawal-does-his-best-to-carry-the-weight-of-the-story-2-stars-3649938 |access-date=29 January 2023 |work=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rawal portrayed a college student turned terrorist in the 2022 film ''[[Faraaz (film)|Faraaz]]'' alongside [[Zahan Kapoor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/its-shashi-kapoors-grandson-zahaan-vs-paresh-rawals-son-aditya-in-faraaz-trailer-watch-2322309-2023-01-16 |title=It's Shashi Kapoor's grandson Zahaan vs Paresh Rawal's son Aditya in Faraaz trailer. Watch |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=India Today|date=16 January 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' noted, &quot;Aditya Rawal's brutal portrayal as the brainwashed youth leaves you in awe. He delivers an impressive act. His character is far more layered than anyone else in the film.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/faraaz-movie-review-hansal-mehta-s-gut-wrenching-tale-of-love-and-loss-with-excellent-performances-101675388742720.html|title=Faraaz movie review: Hansal Mehta's gut-wrenching tale of love and loss with excellent performances|first=Monika Rawal|last= Kukreja |date=3 February 2023 |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2023, Rawal portrayed Chota Babban, a character based on [[Chhota Rajan]] in the web series, ''[[Bambai Meri Jaan]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/adarsh-gourav-aditya-rawal-ritwik-bhowmik-and-others-decode-why-they-are-choosing-ott-over-films-cinematic-saturday-2470177-2023-12-02 | title=Exclusive - These young actors decode why they are choosing OTT over films | accessdate=26 December 2023 |work=India Today| date=2 December 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Zinia Bandyopadhyay of ''[[India Today]]'' termed him a &quot;Surprise package&quot;, and added that his character may grow in the sequel&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/bambai-meri-jaan-review-kay-kay-menon-avinash-tiwary-gangster-drama-dawood-ibrahim-dongri-to-dubai-2435454-2023-09-14 | title=Bambai Meri Jaan Series Review: Kay Kay Menon, Avinash Tiwary excel in gangster drama |accessdate=21 September 2023 |work=India Today| date=14 September 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {{Pending films key}}<br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year <br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role <br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2012<br /> | ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''<br /> | Young Dilip Dharmadhikari<br /> | Child artist<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[OMG – Oh My God!]]''<br /> | {{N/A}}<br /> | Assistant director<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Oh my God, the film is a hit!|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Oh-my-God-the-film-is-a-hit/Article1-938714.aspx|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=2 October 2012|date=2 October 2012|author=Shalvi Mangaokar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103232846/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Oh-my-God-the-film-is-a-hit/Article1-938714.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2017<br /> | ''The Mailbox''<br /> | Jay<br /> | Short film<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2020<br /> | ''[[Bamfaad]]''<br /> | Nasir Jamal<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/apr/06/bamfaad-trailer-out-aditya-rawal-shalini-pandeys-film-is-high-on-love-and-rebellion-17898.amp|title=Bamfaad trailer out: Aditya Rawal-Shalini Pandey's film is high on love and rebellion |website=Cinema Express|date=3 April 2020 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413081843/https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/apr/06/bamfaad-trailer-out-aditya-rawal-shalini-pandeys-film-is-high-on-love-and-rebellion-17898.amp|archive-date=13 April 2020|access-date=7 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | ''[[Faraaz (film)|Faraaz]]''<br /> | Nibras<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hansal-mehta-reveals-his-next-film-titled-faraaz-watch-first-look-video-7438668|title=Hansal Mehta reveals his next film titled Faraaz, watch its first look|date=5 August 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=9 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |''[[Subedaar (film)|Subedaar]]''<br /> |Prince<br /> |[[Prime Video]] film<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Subedaar release date OUT: Here's when and where you can watch Anil Kapoor's gripping action film |url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/subedaar-release-date-out-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-anil-kapoors-gripping-action-film/743404/ |website=News24 |access-date=19 February 2026 |date=11 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Web series ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year <br /> ! Title <br /> ! Role <br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | ''[[Teerandaz (TV series)|Teerandaz]]''<br /> | Sarju<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Thriller web series 'Aar Ya Paar' set to release on Disney+Hotstar soon |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/thriller-web-series-aar-ya-paar-set-to-release-on-ott-soon/articleshow/96545249.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times |access-date=27 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | ''[[Bambai Meri Jaan]]''<br /> | Chota Babban<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bambai-meri-jaan-mumbai-has-a-new-king-in-kay-kay-menons-new-crime-drama-farhan-akhtar-shares-glimpse-8912728/ | title=Bambai Meri Jaan: Mumbai has a new king in Kay Kay Menon's new crime drama, Farhan Akhtar shares glimpse | accessdate=28 August 2023 |work=The Indian Express| date=28 August 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |''[[Daldal (2026 TV series)|Daldal]]''<br /> |Sajid<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | TBA<br /> | {{Pending film|Black and White}}<br /> | {{TableTBA}}<br /> | Filming <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Sep/13/black-and-white-ravi-kishan-aditya-rawal-to-headline-new-series-based-on-corruption-in-hindi-heartland | title=Black and White: Ravi Kishan, Aditya Rawal to headline new series based on corruption in Hindi heartland | accessdate=25 September 2025 |work=Cinema Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === As writer ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year <br /> ! Title <br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 2017<br /> | ''The Mailbox''<br /> | Short film<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | ''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]''<br /> | Story and screenplay<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Panipat movie release LIVE UPDATES: Ashutosh Gowariker film opens to mixed reviews |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/panipat-movie-review-release-live-updates-6152782/ |access-date=17 November 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=6 December 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | ''[[Dear Father (2022 film)|Dear Father]]''<br /> | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] film<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | ''Siachen''<br /> | [[Theatre]] play<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aditya Rawal Takes the Title of Playwright and Producer as 'Siachen' Opens at Prithvi Theatre Today |author=Riya Ashok Madayi |work=news18 |access-date=15 June 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/lifestyle/aditya-rawal-takes-the-title-of-playwright-and-producer-as-siachen-opens-at-prithvi-theatre-today-8085409.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | ''[[Jo Tera Hai Woh Mera Hai]]''<br /> | <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=5 Actors Who Have Turned Script Writers For Films |author=Prateek Sur |work=Outlook India |date=24 February 2023 |access-date=25 February 2023 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/5-actors-who-have-turned-script-writers-for-films-news-264940/amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards and nominations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Work<br /> ! Result<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[69th Filmfare Awards|2024]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Filmfare Awards]]<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|''[[Faraaz (film)|Faraaz]]''<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Nominations for the 69th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2024 with Gujarat Tourism: Full list out|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-69th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2024-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-63822.html|magazine=[[Filmfare]]|date=15 January 2024|access-date=15 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Winners of the 69th Filmfare Awards 2024|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2024/winners|magazine=Filmfare|date=28 January 2024|access-date=29 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] <br /> | {{won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|9031403}}<br /> <br /> {{FilmfareAwardBestMaleDebut}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rawal, Aditya}}<br /> [[Category:1993 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]<br /> [[Category:New York University Tisch School of the Arts alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Screenwriters from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shree_Karthick&diff=535300 2026-04-23T23:45:53Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up New Pg.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film director}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Shree Karthick<br /> | birth_name = S. S. Shree Karthick<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|7|30|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Director|screenwriter}}<br /> | alma mater = SRM Valliammai Engineering College<br /> | years_active = 2013–present<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|Sinduja Ramanan|2017}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shree Karthick''' (born 30 July 1988) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works primarily in [[Tamil cinema]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sharwanand's bilingual Oke Oka Jeevitham titled Kanam in Tamil|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/sep/24/sharwanands-bilingual-oke-oka-jeevitham-titled-kanam-in-tamil-26868.html|access-date=2021-11-27|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Karthick directed a number of short films&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Short-film director Shree Karthik to direct Sharwanand for SR Prabhu's Dream Warrior Pictures?|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jun/11/short-film-director-shree-karthik-to-direct-sharwanand-for-sr-prabhus-dream-warrior-pictures-12194.html|access-date=2021-11-27|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and commercials before venturing into the feature films with his directorial debut being ''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=நா.கதிர்வேலன்|title=&quot;அமலாவை நினைத்துத்தான் திரைக்கதை எழுதினேன்!&quot;|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/director-shree-karthick-interview|access-date=2021-11-29|website=vikatan.com/|date=21 October 2021 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; a bilingual starring [[Sharwanand]] and produced by [[Dream Warrior Pictures]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Update on Amala Akkineni-Sharwanand's film Kanam to be out tomorrow |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/08/update-on-amala-akkineni-sharwanand39s-film-kanam-to-be-out-tomorrow-33539.html |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was nominated for the [[SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director – Telugu]] for the film.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Shree Karthick was born in [[Chennai]] to a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] mother and a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] father.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-25 |title=ఈ సినిమా... నేను మా అమ్మకు రాసిన ఉత్తరం |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-article/sunday-magazine/life-journey-of-young-director-shree-karthick/5/322000780 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;the hindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shree-karthick-goes-past-forward-for-his-debut-film/article65856162.ece|title=Shree Karthick goes past forward for 'Oke Oka Jeevitham'|author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo|work=The Hindu|date=6 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He did his schooling from [[SBOA Matriculation and Higher Secondary School, Chennai|SBOA Matriculation School]] and subsequently, his [[B.Tech]], in Computer Science Engineering, from SRM Valliammai Engineering College.&lt;ref name=&quot;the hindu&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Shree Karthick married Sinduja Ramanan in Chennai on 28 June 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;behindwoods&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-06-28|title=Actor and shortfilm maker Shree Karthick gets married|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/actor-and-shortfilm-maker-shree-karthick-gets-married.html|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Shree Karthick started off his dance career with a dance company based out of Chennai, which he had joined at a young age. He credits his passion for dance with helping in the overall development of his filmmaking skills.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2022-09-06 |title=Director Shree Karthick goes past forward for Sharwanand, Ritu Varma and Amala Akkineni's bilingual film 'Oke Oka Jeevitham'/'Kanam' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shree-karthick-goes-past-forward-for-his-debut-film/article65856162.ece |access-date=2022-09-09 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He became a senior company dancer there and began teaching other students.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Director Shree Karthick: Oke Oka Jeevitham was a journey that helped me relive my time with mom again |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-director-shree-karthick-oke-oka-jeevitham-was-a-journey-that-helped-me-relive-my-time-with-mom-again/aff58681e6322 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Upon graduating from there, he left to pursue his engineering degree. In his first year, a dance reality show ''Attam Pattam'' was announced, to be aired on [[Kalaignar TV]]. Karthick decided to participate and eventually became the title winner.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tamil Tv Show Attam Pattam Synopsis Aired On Kalaignar TV Channel|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Tamil/tv-shows/attam-pattam|access-date=2022-02-12|website=nettv4u|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He then received an offer from another dance reality show [[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]], and was a semi-finalist in the same.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Admin|date=2010-02-22|title=Jodi No 1 Season 4, Team - 1|url=http://starvijay-tv.blogspot.com/2010/02/jodi-no-1-season-4-team-1.html|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Star Vijay TV - Best Tamil Channel}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shree worked as an actor in a few movies like ''[[Arrambam]]'' (2013) and ''[[Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka]]'' (2015) before realizing his interest for writing and subsequently moving onto screenwriting and filmmaking.&lt;ref name=&quot;behindwoods&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;the hindu&quot;/&gt; He began working on stories and scripts, aiming to turn them into short films and motion pictures.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013, Shree Karthick, along with [[Dev (Tamil actor)|Dev]], founded Madboys Creatives, a media company focused on creating commercials, digital films and web-series. Shree Karthick ventured into filmmaking with his short film debut ''Vyugam'' starring [[Dev (Tamil actor)|Dev]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-07-17|title=Behindwoods Gold Medals Short Film competition Top 20 shortlist announced|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/behindwoods-gold-medals-short-film-competition-top-20-shortlist-announced.html|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; He went on to create ''Happy To Be Single,'' the first-ever Tamil web series,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shreekarthick and Swami – Interview |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/shreekarthick-and-swami/shreekarthick-and-swami-interview.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223051035/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actors/shreekarthick-and-swami/shreekarthick-and-swami-interview.html |archive-date=23 December 2017 |access-date=2019-08-07 |website=www.behindwoods.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sitcom from Singara Chennai |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/sitcom-from-singara-chennai/article5862462.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703190221/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/sitcom-from-singara-chennai/article5862462.ece |archive-date=3 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; later distributed by [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=K|first=Brindaalakshmi|date=2013-11-18|title=Sony Music Distributes Web-Only Series Happy To Be Single On YouTube|url=https://www.medianama.com/2013/11/223-sony-music-distributes-web-only-series-happy-to-be-single-on-youtube/|access-date=2021-11-27|website=MediaNama|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made the short film ''Childhood Diaries'',&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Athi|title=NTFF 2017: The Winners of Short film – Documentaries – Animations -Feature film Tamil Diaspora {{!}} NTFF|url=https://ntff.no/ntff-2017-the-winners-of-short-film-documentaries-animations-feature-film-tamil-diaspora/|access-date=2021-11-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was included in the anthology film ''[[Mamakiki]]'' (2020).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/jun/02/mamakiki-review-this-comedy-well-runs-dry-2150914.html|title='MamaKiki' review: This comedy well runs dry|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=2 June 2020|first=Haritha|last=Mothan|access-date=1 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2019, Shree Karthick's directorial feature-film debut ''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham]]'' (titled ''Kanam'' in Tamil) was announced, produced by [[Dream Warrior Pictures]] and starring [[Sharwanand]], [[Amala Akkineni]] and [[Ritu Varma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sharwanand, Ritu team up for a bilingual|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sharwanand-ritu-team-up-for-a-bilingual/articleshow/70872052.cms|access-date=2021-11-27|website=The Times of India|language=en |last1=Lakshmi |first1=V. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Amidst the pandemic, he also created and produced ''I Hate You - I Love You'' under the banner of his content studio ''Madboys Entertainment.'' A few episodes were written and directed by him.&lt;!--https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/streaming-reviews/i-hate-you-i-love-you-web-series-tamil-review-youtube-a-charming-take-on-messy-arguments-between-couples --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Film<br /> !Director<br /> !Writer<br /> !Actor<br /> !Language<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> |''[[Arrambam]]''<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |''Vyugam''<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |short film<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2015<br /> |''[[I (2015 film)|I]]''<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Yagavarayinum Naa Kaakka]]''<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016<br /> |''Malupu''<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |Telugu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Mamakiki|Childhood Diaries]]''<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |Tamil<br /> |short film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 |2022<br /> |''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham]]'' ||rowspan=2 {{Yes}}|| rowspan=2 {{Yes}}||rowspan=2 {{No}}<br /> |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham|Kanam]]''<br /> |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> <br /> * ''All works are in Tamil''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Director<br /> !Writer<br /> !Actor<br /> !Producer<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |''Happy To Be Single''<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> |''I Hate You – I Love You''<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |{{No}}<br /> |{{Yes}}<br /> |Voice Role<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|7393457}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1988 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._Nagam_Aiya&diff=543088 2026-04-22T01:43:01Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up Details.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Dewan of Travancore}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | honorific_prefix = Dewan Bahadur, Sir<br /> | name = V. Nagam Aiya<br /> | image = V. Nagam Aiya, Dewan Peishcar of Travancore.jpg<br /> | image_size =<br /> | caption = Portrait<br /> | birth_name = Veeraraghavapuram Nagam Aiya<br /> | office = Dewan Peishkar of [[Travancore]]<br /> | term_start = 1870<br /> | term_end = 1906<br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor3 = <br /> | birth_date = 1850<br /> | birth_place = [[Veeraraghavapuram]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = 1917<br /> | party = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | relations = <br /> | children = Lalitha, Janaki<br /> | alma_mater = [[Maharajah's College, Madras University]]<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Civil servant|administrator|chronicler}}<br /> | profession = <br /> | signature = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''[[Diwan Bahadur]]''' [[Sir]] '''Veeraraghavapuram Nagam Aiya''' ({{circa}} 1850 December – 1917) was an Indian civil servant and chronicler who served as the [[Dewan]] of the erstwhile princely state of [[Travancore]]. He authored the ''[[Travancore State Manual]]''.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> <br /> Nagam Aiya was born in December 1850 at [[Veeraraghavapuram]] - a small village on the banks of the river Thambrapurni, in the [[Tirunelveli district]] of Tamil Nadu. He was a Telugu Brahmin of the &quot;Aruveli Neogi &quot; sub-caste. According to traditional accounts which cover seven generations before him, the family which had originally belonged to &quot;Boppudi,&quot; a village in the Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh had migrated to Nellore, Trichinopoly, Madura, Tirunelveli and finally Travancore. His ancestors migrated to Travancore in the second half of 18th century and was in the service of the Maharajah in various capacities. One of his ancestors was a &quot;Sthanapatter&quot; or Ambassador of the Maharajah of Travancore. In Mysore at Tipu Sultan's court, on another account, one of this forefathers was said to have been murdered by Velu Thampi Dalawa.<br /> <br /> Nagam Aiya was brought to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] while he was a child. He had his entire education in H.H. The Maharajah's High School and the direct tutorship of European School masters like Mr. John Bensley, and College at Trivamdrum. In these institutions, he was under Mr. John Ross, and Dr. Robert Harvey, the two teachers who guided him in his studies for F.A and B.A examinations. He is said to have been a very brilliant student. He passed his Matriculation in 1865 and his F.A in 1866. He was the first graduate from the Maharajah's College (University College) in February 1870. Due to the poverty of his family he was forced to join the government service as a clerk on a meagre pay of Rs 7/- soon after his Matriculation examination. Later his success as the first student to complete a full B.A program brought him to the notice of [[H.H Sri Ayilyam Tirunal]] and he was then appointed as the Asst. Prof. of History and Mathematics in his alma mater.<br /> <br /> == In the Travancore service ==<br /> [[File:Flag of Kingdom of Travancore.svg|thumb|Flag of Kingdom of Travancore]]<br /> [[File:India Travancore locator map.svg|thumb|Kingdom of Travancore in India]]<br /> [[File:V. Nagam Aiya photograph 2.jpeg|thumb|]]<br /> [[File:V. Nagam Aiya photograph 1.jpeg|thumb|]] <br /> [[File:V. Nagam Aiya photograph 3.jpeg|thumb|V. Nagam Aiya (C.1880)]]<br /> [[File:Travancore 1871.JPG|thumb|Map of Travancore in 1871]]<br /> <br /> Soon the then [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]], [[Sir T. Madhava Rao]], appointed him as a clerk on a pay of Rs. 50/- in Dewan's Huzur English Office, a much desired destination for a migrant Brahmin. The Dewan's Administrative Report for 1870 says &quot;Only one candidate went up for the B.A degree in February 1870 and was successful, the first whom we can claim as a student entirely trained in the school. This young man (V.Nagam Aiya) has since been employed in the Dewan's Office where he affords satisfaction in the discharge of his duties&quot;. His rise in the official career was rapid since then. In 1872 he was appointed as a Tahsildar.<br /> <br /> In 1880 he became Deputy Peishcar and in 1883 he was promoted as The Dewan Peishcar, at the age of 24 he conducted the first census operations in Travancore. He had been in that position for 11 years and was the Acting Dewan for Travancore on five occasions. He was selected as Dewan by H.H.. Sri Mulam Tirunal in 1904 to succeed him. He retired after a long career of 38 years of Government service, in February 1908. Besides his routine official duties he was also given the additional charge of many other responsibilities. In 1878, 1881 &amp; 1891 he was in-charge of the Census operation in the State. By preparing the Census Report of 1875, he could become the writer of the First Census Report of Travancore. One report of his earlier career says &quot;Kottayam marvel at its 'Boy Tahsildar' whose official duties no more oppressed him than games do a school boy&quot;. The then Dewan, A. Sashiah Shastri wrote &quot;In the course of executing work entrusted to him, he has displayed superior intelligence, great tact for organizing, instructing and controlling a large and special agency which the necessities of work called for&quot;. He was also in charge of the Revenue Survey and Settlement in 1892.<br /> <br /> Another important responsibility entrusted to him was the preparation of the first Gazetteer of Travancore,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Education|first=India Ministry of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNUmAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Travancore+State+Manual%22|title=The Indian Gazetteers|date=1967|publisher=Ministry of Education, Government of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; namely, ''[[Travancore State Manual]]'', He was appointed as a full-time State Manual Officer on deputation in 1904. In the Govt. order served to him he was requested to prepare the State Manual after the model of the District Manuals in Madras Presidency. He could successfully complete his compilation work by 1906 in 3 volumes, which we are now reprinting. a He was a nominated member of the Travancore Legislative Council during 1892–99, and 1905–1908. In 1892 he was also selected as a Fellow of the Royal Historic College of London. In recognition of his meritorious service to the State and its people, he was awarded the title of Dewan Bahadur by the Government in January 1910. He died in 1917 at Trivandrum, at the age of 67.<br /> <br /> == Major Contributions, shaping modern day Kerala ==<br /> [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital of Kerala once referred by the British as Trivandrum, had also been the capital of [[Travancore]]. Travancore, Cochin and the Malabar, three major regions of Kerala amalgamated in 1956 to what we now know as &quot;Kerala&quot;. <br /> [[Travancore]] became the second most prosperous princely state in British India, with reputed achievements in education, political administration, public work and social reforms. The Kingdom of Travancore ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|æ|v|ə|n|k|ɔər}}) (Thiruvithamkoor) was an Indian kingdom from c.870 CE until 1949 CE. It was ruled by the [[Travancore Royal Family]] from [[Padmanabhapuram]], and later [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. At its zenith, the kingdom covered most of modern-day central and southern [[Kerala]] with the [[Thachudaya Kaimal]]'s enclave of Irinjalakuda Koodalmanikkam temple in the neighbouring [[Kingdom of Cochin]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;British Archives http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/d3e53001-d49e-4d4d-bcb2-9f8daaffe2e0 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114120723/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/d3e53001-d49e-4d4d-bcb2-9f8daaffe2e0 |date=14 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as the district of [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]], now in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The official flag of the state was red with a dextrally-coiled silver [[shankha|conch shell]] (''[[Turbinella pyrum]]'') at its center. In the early 19th century, the kingdom became a [[princely state]] of the [[British Empire]]. The Travancore Government took many progressive steps on the socio-economic front and during the reign of Maharajah Sri [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Travancore 2011&quot;&gt;&quot;Travancore.&quot; Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 11 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chandra Mallampalli, Christians and Public Life in Colonial South India, 1863–1937: Contending with Marginality, RoutledgeCurzon, 2004, p. 30&lt;/ref&gt; In 1903-1904 the total revenue of the state was Rs.1,02,01,900.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 24, page 17 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_023.gif|access-date=2021-08-14|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In light of the socio-economic progress &amp; development, The Maharajah of Tranvancore, Rama Varma entrusted Diwan V. Nagam Aiya with developing the '[[Travancore State Manual]]' which encompasses various administrative and economic affairs, and resources of the Kingdom, and which follows the model of the district manuals of the Madras presidency, under the English rule.<br /> <br /> Diwan V. Nagam Aiya mentions that the idea had been ‘broached’ to him by Dewan T. Rama Row, C.I.E., some fourteen years earlier. At that time, Nagam Aiya had been working as the Dewan Peishcar and District Magistratein 1901. Nagam Aiya did a lot of pioneering and original research and work to obtain a lot of information for the preparation of this work. What came out was a books of ‘encyclopaedic nature spread over a space of more than 1820 pages of letter-press’ over 3 Volumes, which are in publication even to this day, and available on various sources including Amazon.<br /> <br /> It might be correct to think that Nagam Aiya did have this project in his mind, and he must have collected or at least noted down a lot of information much before he started on this work, however. He started his work on this project as a full-time officer from December 1904.<br /> <br /> == The Travancore State Manual ==<br /> Diwan V. Nagam Aiya's work in 1906, the [[Travancore State Manual]] is a huge volume of history (1820 pages, published in three volumes of 648, 592 and 580 pages respectively) not only on the antiquity of Travancore, but also of various other features of the place. The works along with history also contains detailed study and examination of the physical features, geology, climate, rainfall, meteorology, flora, fauna, and archaeology of Travancore State at the time.<br /> <br /> The manuals includes details such as the geographical location, boundaries, shape and area of the landscape, mountains, plateaus, mountain passes, rivers, canal and backwaters, coastline, ports, shipping facilities, [[economic geology]] of the place, climate, rainfall, meteorology, trees, and medicinal plants, flowering and ornamental plants, birds and animals etc., archaeology, architecture, sculpture, coins, inscriptions, forts and military works, ‘Archaeology’, ‘Fauna’, census and population, language, economic condition and various other things are dealt with, in a manner that should astound.<br /> There are a number of photographs. Apart from that, there are many pictures of the stone inscriptions collected from various parts of the kingdom. <br /> The latter part of the book deals in detail on the history of the localities that were later to be joined to form Travancore kingdom. The delineation of history starts from the Parasurama legend. This legend is also mentioned in great detail. Then it slowly moves to the times of the Perumals.<br /> <br /> Mentions about the Malabar and Travancore coasts in the ancient maritime trade records are seen sourced out.<br /> <br /> Sections on history deals with the ancient kings. There is a mention of a Kurava King, who seems to have been assassinated in a premeditated conspiracy.<br /> <br /> There are other details on items such as early missionaries, neighbouring kingdoms, accounts of travellers, Portuguese in Malabar and Travancore, Ettuvittial Pillamaar, Marthanda Varma, Zamorin, small kings and kingdoms north of Travancore, small-time rulers of Malabar, the attacks and occupation attempts by Sultan Tipu etc.<br /> <br /> Velu Thampi Dalawa's rebellion is dealt with in details. Even though there is sympathy for the person, in a profound analysis, Nagam Aiya does not find his cause correct or praiseworthy. The proclamation made by Velu Thampi from Kundara is quoted in an elaborate manner. However, a full reading of the same would not find it to be in sync with modern Indian aspirations.<br /> <br /> &quot;Velu Tampi was a daring and clever though unscrupulous man. Rebellion was his forte.&quot;{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br /> <br /> &quot;His favourite modes of punishment were: imprisonment, confiscation of property, public flogging, cutting off the palm of the hand, the ears or the nose, impalement or crucifying people by driving down nails on their chests to trees, and such like, too abhorrent to record here.&quot;{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br /> <br /> All rulers of Travancore, since the reign of King Marthanda Varma are dealt in reasonable detail. Swathi Thirunal's (King Rama Varma) tragic life has been mentioned.<br /> <br /> == His goals ==<br /> [[Diwan V. Nagam Aiya]] admitted in his works that his goal was to cover an expansive amount of information pertaining to the Kingdom, in ways that had never been undertaken in the past. He wrote &quot;In the writing of this book, my aim has been to present to an utter stranger to [[Travancore]], such a picture of the land and its people, its natural peculiarities, its origin, its art, history and administration, its forests and animals, its conveniences for residence or travel, its agricultural, commercial, industrial, educational and economic activities, its ethnological, social and religious features in ways he may not himself be able to form or learn over a 30 years study or residence in it. If this is a correct view of the objective of a manual, I trust that I may be permitted to entertain the hope that a fairly successful debut has been made, notwithstanding defects or shortcomings that may exist, especially as this is only a pioneer attempt in a novel direction&quot;.<br /> <br /> His position had him run in the circles of many of the pioneers of various fields at that time including [[Raja Ravi Verma]], a historic Indian painter, who mentions his interactions with Nagam Aiya over 15 times in &quot;The diary of C. Raja Raja Varma&quot;, including meeting Nagam Aiya at his bungalow and H.H. Maharaja's palace on several occasions between 15 August 1901 and 18 September 1903 through 1904 as mentioned in the diary.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|title=Author's Biography|work=The Travancore State Manual|publisher=Kerala History|url=http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/nagamayya.htm#dum|access-date=5 November 2009|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721082221/http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/nagamayya.htm#dum|url-status=dead}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Travancore State Manual ( New digital version) |first=Nagam |last=Aiya |year=1906 | location=Deverkovil |publisher=VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS |url=https://archive.org/details/TRAVANCORESTATEMANUAL}}<br /> <br /> {{Kingdom of Travancore}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nagam Aiya, Veeraraghavapuram}}<br /> [[Category:1850s births]]<br /> [[Category:1917 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from the Kingdom of Travancore]]<br /> [[Category:Dewan Bahadurs]]<br /> [[Category:Diwans of Travancore]]<br /> [[Category:Historians from British India]]<br /> [[Category:People from the Madras Presidency]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tirunelveli district]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendem_Dorababu&diff=525115 2026-04-20T07:49:07Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: created a stub - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Pendem Dorababu<br /> | birth_name =<br /> | caption = <br /> | image = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|01|12|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly&lt;br&gt;Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | constituency = [[Pithapuram (Assembly constituency)]]<br /> | term_start = 23 May 2019<br /> | term_end = 3 June 2024<br /> | predecessor = [[SVSN Varma]]<br /> | successor = [[Pawan Kalyan]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Pithapuram (Assembly constituency)]]<br /> | term_start1 = 11 May 2004<br /> | term_end1 = 16 May 2009<br /> | predecessor1 = Veera Bhadra Rao Sangisetti<br /> | successor1 = [[Vanga Geetha]]<br /> | party = [[Janasena Party]] (2025–present)<br /> | other_party = *[[YSR Congress Party]] (2012–2024) <br /> *[[Indian National Congress]] <br /> *[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = <br /> }}<br /> '''Pendem Dorababu''' is an Indian politician. He is known for his defection from the [[YSR Congress Party]] whom he previously represented in the Legislative Assembly. As of March 2025, Dorababu is a member of the [[Janasena Party]].<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> Dorababu was a member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Pithapuram (Assembly constituency)|Pithapuram constituency]] on a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ticket from 2004 to 2009. He later joined the [[YSR Congress Party]] in 2012 and contested the 2014 Andhra Pradesh Assembly elections from Pithapuram constituency but lost. Notably, he was one of the close associates of Late Mr. Y. S. Rajasekhar Reddy.<br /> <br /> Dorababu served as a [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Pithapuram (Assembly constituency)|Pithapuram constituency]] in [[East Godavari district]] on a [[YSR Congress Party]] ticket from 23 May 2019 to 3 June 2024. Dorababu's defection from the YSR Congress Party had been rumored as early as 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=T |first=Vamsi |date=2022-10-07 |title=Rumours: YCP MLA to join Jana Sena? |url=https://www.gulte.com/political-news/202929/rumours-ycp-mla-to-join-jana-sena |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Gulte |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2024, Dorababu began to distance himself from the YSR Congress Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-08-09 |title=Two Former MLAs Distance Themselves from YSRC |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/ap-two-former-mlas-distance-themselves-from-ysrc-1815161 |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In early March 2025, Dorababu formally joined the [[Janasena Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Trimurthulu |first=S. |date=2025-03-08 |title=YSRCP set to lose grip over Pithapuram as ex-MLA, key leaders join JSP |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/Mar/08/ysrcp-set-to-lose-grip-over-pithapuram-as-ex-mla-key-leaders-join-jsp |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-04 |title=Former Pithapuram MLA to Join Jana Sena; Pawan Kalyan Gives Approval |url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/96305/former-pithapuram-mla-to-join-jana-sena-pawan-kalyan-gives-approval |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=ap7am.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References == <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dorababu, Pendem}}<br /> [[Category:Politicians from East Godavari district]]<br /> [[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]<br /> [[Category:Jana Sena Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:1959 births]]<br /> <br /> {{AndhraPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}<br /> {{AndhraPradesh-YSRCP-politician-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vittal_Assembly_constituency&diff=545024 2026-04-19T20:22:43Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up New Post.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> |name=Vittal<br /> |state=[[Karnataka]]<br /> |type=SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> |district=[[Dakshina Kannada district|Dakshina Kannada]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency|Mangalore]]<br /> |established=1977<br /> |abolished=2008<br /> |reservation=None<br /> }}<br /> '''Vittal Assembly constituency''' was a constituency of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]],&lt;ref name=&quot;delimitation1976&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=1 December 1976 |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; which ceased to exist after 2008. It came under [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[B. V. Kakkilaya]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || A. Rukmayya Poojari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || B. A. Ummarabba || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | A. Rukmayya Poojari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || K. M. Ibrahim || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Padmanabha Kottari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Vittal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Padmanabha Kottari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 60,250 |percentage = 48.01% |change = {{decrease}}0.15 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Ibrahim |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 59,859 |percentage = 47.70% |change = {{decrease}}2.47 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Radhakrishna Rai. B |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,348 |percentage = 1.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Damodara Poojari. N |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,435 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshava Naik. P |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,095 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 391 |percentage = 0.31% |change = {{decrease}}1.70 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 125,594 |percentage = 78.22% |change = {{increase}}0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 125,483}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,564 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.28 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.16 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Vittal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Ibrahim |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 54,268 |percentage = 50.17% |change = {{increase}}30.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rukmayya Poojari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 52,093 |percentage = 48.16% |change = {{increase}}4.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Prabhadevi |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,332 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,175 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}5.42 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 109,944 |percentage = 77.57% |change = {{increase}}2.73 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 108,177}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,767 |percentage = 1.61% |change = {{increase}}0.67 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,741 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.68 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}6.70 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1994 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Vittal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rukmayya Poojari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 41,627 |percentage = 43.47% |change = {{increase}}11.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Ramayya Naik |party = Janata Dal |votes = 34,507 |percentage = 36.03% |change = {{increase}}13.67 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. K. Abdul Khader |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,387 |percentage = 19.20% |change = {{decrease}}5.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basheer Baikampady |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 1,082 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,120 |percentage = 7.43% |change = {{decrease}}0.25 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 96,716 |percentage = 74.84% |change = {{increase}}0.43 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 95,766}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 909 |percentage = 0.94% |change = {{decrease}}3.50 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,233 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.58 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}11.48 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Vittal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rukmayya Poojari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,846 |percentage = 31.99% |change = {{decrease}}2.41 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Abdulla |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,164 |percentage = 24.32% |change = {{decrease}}21.13 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Ramayya Naik |party = Janata Dal |votes = 19,465 |percentage = 22.36% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. A. Ummarabba |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,577 |percentage = 17.90% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Vittala Bangera |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 2,987 |percentage = 3.43% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,682 |percentage = 7.68% |change = {{decrease}}3.37 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 91,082 |percentage = 74.41% |change = {{increase}}1.93 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 87,039}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 4,043 |percentage = 4.44% |change = {{increase}}3.65 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,399 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.96 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}13.46 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Vittal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. A. Ummarabba |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,017 |percentage = 45.45% |change = {{increase}}20.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rukmayya Poojari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 23,478 |percentage = 34.40% |change = {{decrease}}3.50 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hashim Schamnad |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,093 |percentage = 19.18% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Y. Narayana Bhat |party = Independent politician |votes = 545 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,539 |percentage = 11.05% |change = {{decrease}}1.71 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 68,792 |percentage = 72.48% |change = {{decrease}}0.51 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 68,248}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 544 |percentage = 0.79% |change = {{decrease}}0.52 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,909 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.30 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}7.55 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1983 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Vittal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rukmayya Poojari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 22,277 |percentage = 37.90% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shivarama Shetty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,779 |percentage = 25.14% |change = {{increase}}24.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Abdul Hameed |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,080 |percentage = 22.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. V. Kakkilaya]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 7,160 |percentage = 12.18% |change = {{decrease}}39.71 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thukrappa Mere |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,398 |percentage = 2.38% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,498 |percentage = 12.76% |change = {{decrease}}4.28 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 59,565 |percentage = 72.99% |change = {{decrease}}5.92 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 58,784}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 781 |percentage = 1.31% |change = {{decrease}}0.06 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,606 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.21 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{decrease}}13.99 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Vittal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. V. Kakkilaya]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 31,030 |percentage = 51.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. A. Ummarabba |party = Janata Party |votes = 20,838 |percentage = 34.85% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. H. Krishnappa |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,353 |percentage = 7.28% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Abdul Hameed |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,994 |percentage = 5.01% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Deranna Pandith. K. P |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 583 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,192 |percentage = 17.04% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 60,631 |percentage = 78.91% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 59,798}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 833 |percentage = 1.37% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,831 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Communist Party of India |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}<br /> {{coord|12.76|75.10|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Dakshina Kannada district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:1977 establishments in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br /> [[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br /> <br /> {{India-constituency-stub}}<br /> {{DakshinaKannada-geo-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalid_Bashir_Ahmad&diff=509491 2026-04-18T12:09:49Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: started new bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Retired Kashmiri civil servant and author}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name = Khalid Bashir Ahmad<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India<br /> | occupation = Author, poet, former civil servant<br /> | language = English, [[Udu]]<br /> | education = [[University of Kashmir]]<br /> | awards = <br /> | years_active = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''Khalid Bashir Ahmad''' is a Kashmiri author, poet, and former civil servant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-08 |title=Khalid Bashir's Latest 'Kashmir Discovery' Setting Records Straight |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2021/05/08/khalid-bashirs-latest-kashmir-discovery-setting-records-straight/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Kashmir Observer |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Zutshi2017&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zutshi |first=Chitralekha |author-link=Chitralekha Zutshi |date=2017-10-24 |title=This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. It exposes its own biases instead |url=https://scroll.in/article/855050/this-book-claims-to-expose-the-myths-behind-kashmirs-history-it-exposes-its-own-biases-instead |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahmad served in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Administrative Service]]s (KAS) and as the Director of Information and Public Relations Secretary of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages|Jammu &amp; Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture, and Languages]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Life |first=Kashmir |date=2013-04-22 |title=Down the Memory Lane |url=https://kashmirlife.net/down-the-memory-lane-28663/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Failed verification|date=June 2025}}<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Khalid Bashir Ahmad was born in the State of Occupied [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], on February 20th 1954, where he also received his early education. In 1975 he graduated with honors in [[Political science]] from [[Sri Pratap College|SP College]] and later enrolled in a master's degree program in sociology at [[Aligarh Muslim University]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}} Due to health issues, he returned to Kashmir and completed a [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate degree]] in political science at the [[University of Kashmir]] between 1975 and 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-25 |title=Khalid Bashir's Latest 'Kashmir Discovery' Setting Records Straight – Kashmir Observer |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2021/05/08/khalid-bashirs-latest-kashmir-discovery-setting-records-straight/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225085320/https://kashmirobserver.net/2021/05/08/khalid-bashirs-latest-kashmir-discovery-setting-records-straight/ |archive-date=25 February 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career and literary works ==<br /> Ahmad worked in civil service, holding positions within the [[Jammu and Kashmir Administrative Service]]s. His roles included serving as Director of Information and Public Relations as well as being The Secretary of the [[Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages|Jammu &amp; Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture, and Languages]].{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br /> <br /> As a writer, Ahmad has authored works on the history and politics of Kashmir. His book ''Kashmir: Exposing the Myth Behind the Narrative'' (2017) examines historical claims about the region, particularly those made by [[Kashmiri Pandits]] organizations regarding forced migration and persecution.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last=Boutier |first=Indira |date=2023 |chapter=First step towards a legal understanding of minority groups discrimination: the case of Kashmiri Pandits |editor-last1=De Perini |editor-first1=Pietro |editor-last2=De Stefani |editor-first2=Paolo |title=What's New in Human Rights Doctoral Research: A Collection of Critical Literature Reviews. |volume=5 |publisher=Padova University Press |pages=58–78}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Zutshi2017/&gt; [[Chitralekha Zutshi]], a scholar and historian of Kashmir, cautions that the work is [[Historical negationism|ahistorical]] and [[polemic]], and calls it 'dangerous and tendentious.'&lt;ref name=Zutshi2017/&gt; She remarks that Ahmed has [[Cherry picking|cherrypicked]] his sources—both secondary and primary—to further a specific agenda, and obscures them on occasion.&lt;ref name=Zutshi2017/&gt;<br /> <br /> His other works include ''Jhelum: The River Through My Backyard'', ''Kashmir: Looking Back in Time'', and ''Kashmir: A Walk Through History'', which focuses on aspects of the region's political and cultural heritage.<br /> <br /> == Books ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Khalid Bashir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KTrAQAACAAJ |title=Kashmir: Exposing the Myth behind the Narrative |date=2017-07-20 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-93-86062-80-2 |edition=Original |location=India |language=English}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Khalid Bashir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WuMPHAAACAAJ |title=Jhelum, the River Through My Backyard |date=2001 |publisher=By Bookman Publishers |language=en}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Khalid Bashir |year=2023 |title=Kashmir: Looking Back in Time |publisher=By: Atlantic Publishers &amp; Distributors |isbn=978-8126932405}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Khalid Bashir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bY9MzQEACAAJ |title=Kashmir: A Walk Through History |date=2019 |publisher=Gulshan Books |isbn=978-81-8339-574-8 |language=en}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Khalid Bashir}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Writers about the Kashmir conflict]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri writers]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br /> [[Category:University of Kashmir alumni]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nawada_Assembly_constituency&diff=521331 2026-04-14T03:31:11Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Starting initial pg needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> |name = Nawada Assembly constituency&lt;!-- The name of the constituency --&gt;<br /> |type= SLA<br /> | map_image = 237-Nawada constituency.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> |mla = [[Vibha Devi Yadav]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] &lt;!--Year of the last election. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> |region = <br /> |state = [[Bihar]]<br /> |district = [[Nawada district|Nawada]]<br /> |division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> |constituency_no = 237 <br /> |established = 1951<br /> | electors = 364,839<br /> |abolished = &lt;!-- year abolished --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nawada Assembly constituency''' is one of the 243 vidhan sabha constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]], [[India]]. It is a part of [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]] lok sabha constituency.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> |Ram Kishun Singh<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |Shakti Kumar<br /> |-<br /> |1959^<br /> |M. Ahmad<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |Gaurishanker Keshari<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |R.S.P Yadav<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> |Gaurishanker Keshari<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |[[Gayatri Devi Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ganesh Shanker Vidyarthi<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |Narendra Kumar<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> |[[Krishna Prasad Yadav (Indian politician)|Krishna Prasad Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Raj Ballabh Yadav]]<br /> |{{Party name with color|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Purnima Yadav]]<br /> | {{Party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]<br /> |[[Raj Ballabh Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |2019^<br /> |[[Kaushal Yadav, Nawada|Kaushal Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Vibha Devi Yadav|Vibha Yadav]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2025 ===<br /> <br /> <br /> Detailed Results at:<br /> https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/ConstituencywiseS04237.htm<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Legislative Assembly Election, 2025]]: Nawada&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Nawada&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Nawada |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04237.htm |access-date=2 December 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202154946/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04237.htm |archive-date=2 December 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Vibha Devi Yadav]]<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:87423}}<br /> |percentage = 43.39<br /> |change = +24.27<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Kaushal Yadav (politician)|Kaushal Yadav]]<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:59829}}<br /> |percentage = 29.69<br /> |change = -10.37<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Anuj Singh<br /> |party = Jan Suraaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:19349}}<br /> |percentage = 9.6<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Nasima Khatoon<br /> |party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:12835}}<br /> |percentage = 6.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Ravish Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4317}}<br /> |percentage = 2.14<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bhartiya Lok Chetna Party<br /> |candidate = Anita Kumari<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3111}}<br /> |percentage = 1.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Bibha Kumari<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2857}}<br /> |percentage = 1.42<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Ashok Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2285}}<br /> |percentage = 1.13<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Jitendra Prasad<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1995}}<br /> |percentage = 0.99<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Manoj Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1862}}<br /> |percentage = 0.92<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3268}}<br /> |percentage = 1.62<br /> |change = +0.0<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:27594}}<br /> |percentage = 13.7<br /> |change = -0.85<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:201494}}<br /> |percentage = 55.23<br /> |change = +3.98<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2020 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|<br /> |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: [[Nawada]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-election-results-2020/nawada|title=Nawada 2020 Assembly elections}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = [[Vibha Devi Yadav ]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:72435}}<br /> |percentage = 40.06<br /> |change = -10.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Shravan Kushwaha<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:46125}}<br /> |percentage = 25.51<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Janata Dal (United)<br /> |candidate = [[Kaushal Yadav (politician)| Kaushal Yadav]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:34567}}<br /> |percentage = 19.12<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Dhirendra Kumar Sinha Munna<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:9684}}<br /> |percentage = 5.36<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Rajendra Prasad Sahu<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:4032}}<br /> |percentage = 2.23<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Lok Janshakti Party<br /> |candidate = [[Shashi Bhusan Kumar]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3090}}<br /> |percentage = 1.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party<br /> |candidate = Dhirendra Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2212}}<br /> |percentage = 1.22<br /> |change = -39.4<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2930}}<br /> |percentage = 1.62<br /> |change = -2.59<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:26310}}<br /> |percentage = 14.55<br /> |change = +5.05<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:180831}}<br /> |percentage = 51.25<br /> |change = -3.59<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> === 2015 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Nawada&lt;ref name=&quot;Nawada Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nawada Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/nawada |access-date=2 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202154936/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/nawada |archive-date=2 December 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Janata Dal<br /> |candidate = Rajballabh Prasad<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:88235}}<br /> |percentage = 50.12<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party<br /> |candidate = Indradeo Prasad<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:71509}}<br /> |percentage = 40.62<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Sudhir Kumar<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2435}}<br /> |percentage = 1.38<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:7418}}<br /> |percentage = 4.21<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:16726}}<br /> |percentage = 9.5<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:176056}}<br /> |percentage = 54.84<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Politics of Nawada district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digboi_Assembly_constituency&diff=497028 2026-04-14T03:21:43Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Starting post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Digboi<br /> | constituency_no = 84<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = Digboi Assembly constituency map 2023.svg<br /> | state = [[Assam]]<br /> | latest_election_year =<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Dibrugarh Lok Sabha constituency|Dibrugarh]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | district = [[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = <br /> | mla = <br /> | party = <br /> | alliance = <br /> | electors = <br /> }}<br /> '''Digboi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]], a northeast state of [[India]]. Digboi is also part of [[Dibrugarh Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary &amp; Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Details==<br /> <br /> Following are details on Digboi Assembly constituency:<br /> <br /> *Country: India.<br /> * State: Assam.<br /> * District: Tinsukia district.<br /> * Lok Sabha Constituency: Dibrugarh Lok Sabha constituency.<br /> * Area Includes: Digboi M.B., Digboi Oil Town (CT), Hapjan Dev. Block(Part), Kakopather Dev. Block(Part), Margherita Dev. Block(Part).<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Election<br /> !Member<br /> !Party affiliation<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<br /> !Jadav Chandra Khakhlari<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<br /> ![[Dalbir Singh Lohar]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Dwijesh Chandra Deb Sarma<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> !J.N. Bhuyan<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> !Chandra Bahadur Chetri<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Rameswar Dhanowar]]<br /> ![[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Suren Phukan]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Digboi}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dulal Moran|party=Raijor Dal |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Suren Phukan|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=|party=|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=|party=|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jiten Nag|party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lakheswar Moran |party= Independent|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bharat Nayak |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]] |party=None of the above (India) |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2016===<br /> {{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Digboi}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Suren Phukan<br /> |votes = 49,167<br /> |percentage = 51.47<br /> |change = +15.36<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Gautam Dhanowar<br /> |votes = 34,874<br /> |percentage = 36.50<br /> |change = -13.54<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Pranab Chetia<br /> |votes = 4,841<br /> |percentage = 5.06<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Imran Siddique<br /> |votes = 1,166<br /> |percentage = 1.22<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Biswanath Sarma Bordoloi<br /> |votes = 977<br /> |percentage = 1.02<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Nationalist Congress Party<br /> |candidate = Nogen Dhekial Phukan<br /> |votes = 923<br /> |percentage = 0.96<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Bhabakanta Chutia<br /> |votes = 743<br /> |percentage = 0.77<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Chandan Bagh<br /> |votes = 588<br /> |percentage = 0.61<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = None of the above<br /> |votes = 2,246<br /> |percentage = 2.35<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 14,343<br /> |percentage = 14.97<br /> |change = +1.04<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 95,525<br /> |percentage = 82.69<br /> |change = +13.59<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box Registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = 1,15,517<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2011===<br /> {{Election box begin|<br /> title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Digboi}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Rameswar Dhanowar<br /> |votes = 38,663<br /> |percentage = 50.04<br /> |change = +6.57<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Suren Phukan<br /> |votes = 27,905<br /> |percentage = 36.11<br /> |change = +19.18<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Asom Gana Parishad<br /> |candidate = Bhulen Baruah<br /> |votes = 6,253<br /> |percentage = 8.09<br /> |change = -19.91<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha<br /> |candidate = Chandan Bagh<br /> |votes = 2,514<br /> |percentage = 3.25<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Trinamool Congress<br /> |candidate = Alok Roy<br /> |votes = 1,936<br /> |percentage = 2.50<br /> |change = ''N/A''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 10,758<br /> |percentage = 13.93<br /> |change = -1.54<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 77,271<br /> |percentage = 69.10<br /> |change = -4.66<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box Registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = 1,11,823<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|<br /> title=Assam Legislative Assembly election, 2006: Digboi}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Rameswar Dhanowar<br /> |votes = 35,773<br /> |percentage = 43.47<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Asom Gana Parishad<br /> |candidate = Suren Phukan<br /> |votes = 23,038<br /> |percentage = 28.00<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = Bijoy Tanty<br /> |votes = 13,928<br /> |percentage = 16.93<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = AGP(P)<br /> |candidate = Diganta Saikia<br /> |votes = 4,068<br /> |percentage = 4.94<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> |candidate = Maneswar Burman<br /> |votes = 3,039<br /> |percentage = 3.69<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Binoy Saikia<br /> |votes = 2,446<br /> |percentage = 2.97<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 12,735<br /> |percentage = 15.47<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 82,292<br /> |percentage = 73.76<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box Registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = 1,11,564<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Digboi]]<br /> * [[Tinsukia district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Tinsukia district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Assam]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaadhale_Nimmadhi&diff=474160 2026-03-23T16:01:41Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: minor refine layout after review per sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1998 film by Indhran}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Kaadhale Nimmadhi poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Indhran<br /> | writer = Indhran<br /> | producer = Sivasakthi Pandian<br /> | starring = [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Suriya]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jividha Sharma|Jeevitha Sharma]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Thangar Bachan]]<br /> | editing = [[B. Lenin]]&lt;br /&gt;[[V. T. Vijayan]]<br /> | music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]<br /> | studio = [[Sivasakthi Movie Makers]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1998|1|14}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kaadhale Nimmadhi'''''{{Efn|Spelt as ''Kathaley Nimmadhi'' and ''Kathaley Nimmathi'' on the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] certificate and the title card, respectively.}} ({{Translation|Love itself is peace}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Indhran. The film stars [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Suriya (actor)|Suriya]], [[Jividha Sharma|Jeevitha Sharma]] (credited as Kavitha) and [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] (credited as Rasika). [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], [[Manivannan]] and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] also play significant roles in the film, while [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] composed the soundtrack. The film was released on 14 January 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kaadhale Nimmadhi (1998) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/kaadhale-nimmadhi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114081255/https://screen4screen.com/movies/kaadhale-nimmadhi |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Kavitha, who is part of a large family, is to be married to Chandramohan, a lawyer. Once as Kavita is playing with a little girl, Chandru is seen capturing photos of statues. Kavitha's brother ([[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]), who wrongly assumes both of them to be in love with each other, starts hitting Chandru. The whole family suspects Kavitha of falling in love and refuses to believe her explanation.<br /> <br /> When Kavitha disappears from home, her family assumes Chandru abducted her and gets him arrested. Chandramohan fights on behalf of Chandru with Kavitha revealing the actual reason. Chandramohan advises Kavitha's family to get her married to Chandru, to which they accept.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] as Chandramohan<br /> * [[Suriya]] as Chandru<br /> * [[Jividha Sharma]] as Kavitha (Credited as Kavitha)<br /> * [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] as Swapna (Credited as Rasika)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srikanth |first=Srinivasa |date=16 June 2002 |title=Deepti, Rashika, Sangeeta... |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun16/ent7.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021202165002/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun16/ent7.htm |archive-date=2 December 2002 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Charuhasan]] as Kavitha's father<br /> * [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan]] as Kavitha's mother<br /> * [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Prakash, Kavitha's brother<br /> * [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Parvathi, Prakash wife<br /> * [[Manivannan]] as Velayudham<br /> * [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Bhagyam, Chandru's mother<br /> * [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Panchu<br /> * [[Ram G|Ramji]] as Prabhu<br /> * [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as Singer<br /> * [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] as Akash<br /> * [[Thenkachi Ko. Swaminathan]] as Judge<br /> * [[Omakuchi Narasimhan]] as Arokiya Samy<br /> * [[Vaiyapuri]] as Beggar<br /> * [[Shanthi Williams]]<br /> * [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Dandayudham<br /> * [[Crane Manohar]]<br /> * [[V. Gowthaman]] as Servant<br /> * [[K. S. Jayalakshmi]]<br /> * [[B. Lenin]] (cameo appearance in song &quot;Kandhan Irukkum&quot;)<br /> * [[Harikumar (actor)|Harikumar]] as a dancer in &quot;Kaadhale Nimmathi&quot;}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> After the success of ''[[Kadhal Kottai]]'' (1996) and ''[[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]]'' (1997), producer Sivasakthi Pandian announced he was set to make another love story ''Kaadhale Nimmadhi'', written and directed by Rajan, director of ''[[Solaikuyil]]'' (1989) and ''Malai Chaaral'' (1991). Pandian gave him the stage name of Indhran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A-Z Continued... |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-3.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126030716/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-3.htm |archive-date=26 November 2011 |access-date=15 August 2015 |website=Indolink}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Prashanth]] had initially been signed on to portray the lead role, but opted out post the success of ''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]'' (1998), and was replaced by [[Suriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GOKUL'S HOME PAGE |url=http://www.geocities.ws/gokima/gcnjul.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821070010/http://www.geocities.ws/gokima/gcnjul.html |archive-date=21 August 2019 |access-date=15 August 2015 |website=geocities.ws}}&lt;/ref&gt; The débutante lead actress, [[Jividha Sharma|Jeevitha Sharma]], a fifteen-year-old at the time, was noticed by Pandian in his search for a new heroine for the film. Pandian also opened a contest in ''[[Kumudam]]'' magazine to rename Sharma and give her a stage name to suit Tamil tastes and traditions. She was later christened as Kavitha by the producer before the film's release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1997–98'ன் கோடம்பாக்கக் குஞ்சுகள் |trans-title=1997–98 Kodambakkam babies |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/97/Dec/kuttisp1.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980112065418/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/index1.html |archive-date=12 January 1998 |access-date=15 August 2015 |website=Indolink}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> Soundtrack was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 1998 |title=Kaadhale Nimmadhi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/ca/album/kaadhale-nimmadhi-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1525095838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525131334/https://music.apple.com/ca/album/kaadhale-nimmadhi-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1525095838 |archive-date=25 May 2023 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kaadhale Nimmathi Tamil Film Audio Cassette by Deva |url=https://mossymart.com/product/kaadhale-nimmathi-tamil-film-audio-cassette-by-deva/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328172143/https://mossymart.com/product/kaadhale-nimmathi-tamil-film-audio-cassette-by-deva/ |archive-date=28 March 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=Mossymart}}&lt;/ref&gt; His daughter, Sangita, sang her first film song &quot;Indha Devathaikku&quot; in the album.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sandya |title=1997–98'ன் கோடம்பாக்கக் குஞ்சுகள் |trans-title=1997-98 Kodambakkam babies |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/98/Feb/kuttisp2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724022641/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/People/98/Feb/kuttisp2.htm |archive-date=24 July 2012 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=Indolink}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! S.No !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || &quot;Gangai Nathiye&quot; (Female) || [[Swarnalatha]] || rowspan=2|Ponniyin Selvan || 05:30<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || &quot;Gangai Nathiye&quot; (Male) || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 05:32<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || &quot;Indha Devathaikku&quot; || Sangita || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Arivumathi]] || 04:28<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || &quot;Kaalaiyil&quot; || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || 05:22<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || &quot;Kandhan Irukkum&quot; || [[Sabesh–Murali|Sabesh]] || [[Palani Bharathi]]|| 05:23<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || &quot;Vidha Vidhama&quot; || Deva || Deva || 04:56<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> D. S. Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, &quot;There is a new line of thinking in the core of the plot based on suspicion but the situations that go to build on that issue are inadequate. What started as an engrossing fare slowly peters out [...] Director Indran who has written the story and screenplay runs out of ideas and meekly resorts to the comedy of Vivek and Manivannan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=23 January 1998 |title=Film Reviews: Naam Iruvar Nammakku Iruvar/Kaathalae Nimmathi/Pon Manam/Marumalarchi |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980123/09/09230225.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991004085817/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980123/09/09230225.htm |archive-date=4 October 1999 |access-date=4 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ji of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote despite being suited for their respective characters, acting of Suriya and Kavitha should have been better while Murali's character stays in mind and called lack of duets and lack of scope for actors not to influence the plot as notable points.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=ஜி |date=1 February 1998 |title=காதலே நிம்மதி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1998-02-01/page/n81/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230531082836/https://archive.org/details/kalki1998-02-01/page/n81/mode/2up |archive-date=31 May 2023 |access-date=27 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=81 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Post-release ==<br /> Soon after the release of the film, director Indhran teamed up with Murali for a film titled ''Thamirabharani'' co-starring [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] in a lead role. Despite progressing through production and changing the title to ''Thendralai Thoodhu Viddu'', the film did not have a theatrical release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 May 1999 |title=Murali + Ramba! |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/10-05-99/rahman.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041028203025/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/10-05-99/rahman.htm |archive-date=28 October 2004 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 November 1999 |title=Murali + Ramba! |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/01-11-99/murali.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041124021904/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/01-11-99/murali.htm |archive-date=24 November 2004 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{noteslist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|1725993}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1998 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1998 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1998 films]]<br /> [[Category:1998 romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Made_in_China_(2019_film)&diff=459090 2026-03-22T21:48:15Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: quick reworked article for clarity and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2019 Indian Hindi comedy film directed by Mikhil Musale}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Made in China<br /> | image = Made In China poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | alt = <br /> | producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]]<br /> | director = [[Mikhil Musale]]<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Rajkummar Rao]]<br /> * [[Mouni Roy]]<br /> * [[Boman Irani]]<br /> }}<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''Made in China''|Parinda Joshi}}<br /> | story = Mikhil Musale&lt;br/&gt;Karan Vyas&lt;br/&gt;Parinda Joshi<br /> | screenplay = [[Mikhil Musale]]&lt;br/&gt;Karan Vyas&lt;br/&gt;[[Niren Bhatt]]<br /> | writer = '''Dialogues:'''&lt;br/&gt;Karan Vyas&lt;br/&gt;[[Niren Bhatt]]<br /> | music = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | cinematography = Anuj Rakesh Dhawan<br /> | editing = Manan Ashwin Mehta<br /> | studio = [[Maddock Films]]&lt;br /&gt;Jio Studios<br /> | distributor = [[AA Films]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|10|25}}<br /> | runtime = 128 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/made-china-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019101438/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/made-china-2019 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2019 |title=Made in China (2019) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |accessdate=19 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}12.81 [[crore]]&lt;ref name=&quot;botop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/made-in-china/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title= Made In China Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date= 25 October 2019|accessdate=31 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Made in China''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Mikhil Musale]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-made-in-china-5218625/ |title=Rajkummar Rao to play a Gujarati businessman in his next film titled Made in China |date=15 June 2018 |work=The Indian Express|access-date=30 October 2018 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/rajkummar-rao-and-mouni-roy-start-filming-made-in-china-1914988 |title=Rajkummar Rao And Mouni Roy Start Filming Made in China |work=NDTV.com|access-date=30 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Produced by [[Dinesh Vijan]] under [[Maddock Films]], the film stars [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Mouni Roy]], [[Boman Irani]], and explores the story of a Gujarati businessman, played by Rao, who goes to China to increase his business prospects.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/made-in-china-rajkummar-rao-introduces-his-character-from-upcoming-film-with-mouni-roy-5200941.html |title=Made in China: Rajkummar Rao introduces his character from upcoming film with Mouni Roy |work=Firstpost|access-date=30 October 2018 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film is based on the novel of the same name by Parinda Joshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Novel adapted for Rajkummar Rao-starrer 'Made in China' to release next year |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/novel-adapted-for-rajkummar-rao-starrer-made-in-china-to-release-next-year-118112900618_1.html |accessdate=26 October 2019 |work=Business Standard India |date=29 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2018 and concluded in May 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Initially planned to be released in August 2019. The film was theatrically released in India on 25 October 2019, on the occasion of [[Diwali]].<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> {{More plot|date=November 2019}} <br /> During a [[Culture of Gujarat|cultural event]] in [[Gujarat]], a [[China–India relations|Chinese delegate]], [[General officer|General]] Zeng, consumes a product called [[Tiger penis soup|Tiger Soup]] and dies. The investigation into his death points towards the Tiger Soup, which he consumed just moments before passing out and away, as a possible cause of death, and [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] officers Sharma and Gupta look for Raghuvir &quot;Raghu&quot; Mehta, the product's original manufacturer, who eventually surrenders himself to the authorities upon severe interrogation.<br /> <br /> Over a flashback, it is shown that Raghu has been a failed [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] entrepreneur who lives with his wife Rukmini and his son Chintu. Despite being in charge of his late father's [[mattress]] business, which everybody including him now feels has been sustaining losses for too long, he struggles to come up with a profitable business idea and has cycled through several products which have failed to take off. His uncle forces him to go on a trip to [[China]] with his cousin Devraj where he is to meet investors about a [[sports drink]] business. While in China, Devraj presents his product to Tanmay, a successful Gujarati [[entrepreneur]], who rejects it. Despondent over the rejection, as Devraj abandons him to his own devices, Raghu strikes up a bond with Tanmay who explains the philosophy behind [[entrepreneurship]] to him. Raghu goes on a drunken binge with Devraj's contact Xui Lee, and in a stupor, commits to meet her boss Hao Li while posing as Devraj.<br /> <br /> During the meeting, Hao introduces Raghu to Tiger Penis Soup which is the Chinese equivalent of [[Viagra]]. Hao proposes that Raghu shall sell this product in India and suggests that it will be successful over there because Chinese and Indians are constantly thinking about sex. While researching the market in India, Raghu realizes that there is no genuine solution available for [[Sexual dysfunction|sexual problems]] faced by men. Raghu proposes a business partnership to Dr. Tribhuvan Vardhi, a [[Sexology|sexologist]] whose books have impressed Raghu, but Vardhi initially rejects the offer. Meanwhile, Raghu's inability to provide a steady income for his family creates tension between him and Rukmini. Raghu proceeds to recruit Vardhi with the promise of spreading sex awareness to the public and eventually Vardhi agrees. Back in the present, General Zeng's autopsy is held up in diplomatic [[red tape]], forcing Sharma and Gupta into trying to get to the truth through Raghu, who remains adamant about nothing being faulty with his product.<br /> <br /> Rewinding to the past, Raghu puts together a team of talented young professionals to handle manufacturing and distribution of the product. After some initial struggles, Raghu meets Tanmay who suggests Vardhi as the face of their product. The team arranges a seminar but Vardhi accidentally walks into a [[Parent–teacher conference|parent-teacher conference]]; his impassioned plea to make sexual discourse normal in society goes viral. As a result, the Tiger Soup business is wildly successful. However, Raghu hides the product from Rukmini and his extended family who think that he is running a business related to Chinese [[Fan (machine)|fans]]. Devraj soon finds out that the Tiger Soup is behind Raghu's success. Raghu meets his idol Abhay Chopra, a successful [[investor]] and [[motivational speaker]], who is in league with Devraj. Chopra proposes a business partnership but Raghu rejects the proposal; in retaliation, Devraj reveals to the family that Raghu is running the ostensibly disreputable Tiger Soup business.<br /> <br /> Chintu is expelled from his school when a bottle of Tiger Soup is found in his bag. Once a livid Rukmini finds out that Raghu lied about his business, she confronts him about it. A distressed Raghu goes to Vardhi to end their partnership but a timely call from Tanmay causes him to reconsider. Back to the present, Raghu and Vardhi appear before a preliminary commission consisting of several government agencies to explain their role in Zeng's death. Raghu reveals that there is no secret ingredient in the soup; it is just [[rabdi]], an Indian dessert, and implies that most sexual issues are more psychological than biological. Vardhi appeals to the commission not to consider sex as a taboo topic and encourages them to let the product continue instead of banning it. However, while bureaucratic pressures from the Chinese delegation force the commission to ban the Tiger Soup for some time, Raghu and Vardhi are acquitted and convey to the media that they are happy the product was not banned completely.<br /> <br /> At the end, Raghu is shown as a successful owner of a chain of sexual health-related clinics with Vardhi as the face of the business and he is invited to a premier [[business school]] to give a lecture on being an entrepreneur. Rukmini is overwhelmed at the success of her husband and the achievements he has made. Raghu ends the story with the same catchphrase that Tanmay had previously taught him.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * [[Rajkummar Rao]] as Raghuveer 'Raghu' Mehta<br /> * [[Mouni Roy]] as Rukmini Mehta<br /> * [[Boman Irani]] as Dr. Tribhuvan Vardhi<br /> * [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] as Investigator Sharma<br /> * [[Amyra Dastur]] as Rupali 'Roopa' Bansal<br /> * [[Paresh Rawal]] as Tanmay Shah<br /> * [[Gajraj Rao]] as Abhay Chopra<br /> * [[Sumeet Vyas]] as Devraj<br /> * Danni Wang as Xui Lee<br /> * [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Vitthal Bhai<br /> * [[Amit Bimrot]] as Ravi Panchal<br /> * Ragi Jani as Kannudo<br /> * [[Chittaranjan Tripathy]] as Investigator Gupta<br /> * [[Bijou Thaangjam]] as Chinese Official<br /> * [[Shraddha Musale]] as Anchor at Award Ceremony<br /> * [[Shataf Figar]] as [[Special Investigation Team (India)|SIT]] Head<br /> * [[Jigar Saraiya]] in a special appearance in the opening sequence as the musician<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production ==<br /> The film was announced in June 2018 with [[Mouni Roy]] and [[Rajkummar Rao]] in lead roles, to be directed by [[Mikhil Musale]]. The film was shot in [[China]] and [[Ahmedabad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/fresh-on-screen-pairs-to-look-forward-to/Mouni-Roy-to-star-opposite-Rajkummar-Rao-in-Made-In-China/photostory/64718622.cms |title=Mouni Roy to star opposite Rajkummar Rao in 'Made in China'? |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 June 2018|access-date=22 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The principal photography of the film began in September 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; The film was [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] up in the end of May 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rajkummar-rao-mouni-roy-wrap-up-shooting-made-in-china-share-photos-on-instagram-2150403.html |website=News 18 |title=Rajkummar Rao, Mouni Roy Wrap Up Shooting Made in China, Share Photos on Instagram |date=21 May 2019|access-date=22 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Marketing and release ==<br /> In October 2018, Rao and Musale announced the release date of 30 August 2019. In July 2019, the release date of the film was declared not yet confirmed, when the makers of the high-budget trilingual film ''[[Saaho]]'' shifted its release date from 15 to 30 August 2019. In late-August 2019, it was officially announced that the film had got a new release date, 25 October 2019, clashing with ''[[Housefull 4]]'' and ''[[Saand Ki Aankh]]''.<br /> <br /> On 11 September 2019, the motion poster of the film was released.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Made in China motion poster: Rajkummar Rao, Mouni Roy, Gajraj Rao offer a jugaadu meal in a bowl. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/made-in-china-motion-poster-rajkummar-rao-mouni-roy-gajraj-rao-offer-a-jugaadu-meal-in-a-bowl-watch/story-QZvKoHb42yiYQnjGJDbdlK.html |accessdate=12 September 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Made in China motion poster out: Rajkummar Rao is back with new quirky tale |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/made-in-china-motion-poster-out-rajkummar-rao-is-back-with-new-quirky-tale-1597897-2019-09-11 |accessdate=12 September 2019 |work=India Today |date=11 September 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave two-star out of five and opined that the film had 'tonal and logical inconsistency in the narrative.' She noted that the film was a drag on long stretches, and the storytelling lacked liveliness. However, praising the performance of Rao and Roy, Vetticad concluded, &quot;Made in China fails to hit the bull's eye because it sorely needed an evening out of pace and tone, depth of characterisation and detailing in the plotline. The best thing about it are Rao and Irani, who are a pleasure to watch even in this middling affair.&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr1:fp&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Anna |last=M. M. Vetticad |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/made-in-china-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-conjures-up-a-certain-whimsy-but-in-a-half-done-film-7553431.html |title=Made in China movie review: Rajkummar Rao conjures up a certain whimsy, but in a half-done film |work=Firstpost |date=25 October 2019 |accessdate=25 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Box office===<br /> ''Made In China''{{'}}s opening day domestic collection was {{INR}}90 lacs. On the second day, the film collected {{INR}}1.25 crore. On the third day, the film collected {{INR}}90 lacs, taking total opening weekend collection to {{INR}}3.05 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;botop&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{As of|2019|11|17}}, with a gross of {{INR}}11.46 crore in India and {{INR}}1.35 crore overseas, the film has a worldwide gross collection of {{INR}}12.81 crore.&lt;ref name=&quot;botop&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Made in China<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 12 November 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/made-in-china/hnq9LLFY5RA_ |title=Made in China – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=12 November 2019 |publisher=Jio Saavn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | recorded = 2018–2019<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 18:07<br /> | language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Arjun Patiala]]<br /> | prev_year = 2019<br /> | year = 2019<br /> | next_title = [[Bala (2019 film)|Bala]]<br /> | next_year = 2019<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music of the film is composed by [[Sachin–Jigar]], while lyrics are written by [[Vayu Shrivastav|Vayu]], Jigar Saraiya, [[Priya Saraiya]], and [[Niren Bhatt]]. There are three adapted songs of the four. The first two, &quot;Odhani&quot; and &quot;Sanedo&quot;, are inspired by two original Gujarati folk songs, while the third, &quot;Naari Naari&quot;, derives from the hugely popular eponymous Arabic song [[Habibi Dah (Nari Narain)]]. &quot;Sanedo&quot; song is inspired by Gujarati folk style of [[Sanedo]].<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 18:07<br /> | title1 = Odhani<br /> | extra1 = [[Neha Kakkar]], [[Darshan Raval]]<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Niren Bhatt]], Jigar Saraiya<br /> | length1 = 3:15<br /> | title2 = Sanedo<br /> | extra2 = [[Mika Singh]], [[Nikhita Gandhi]], [[Benny Dayal]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Niren Bhatt]], Jigar Saraiya<br /> | length2 = 3:51<br /> | title3 = The Naari Naari Song<br /> | extra3 = [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Jonita Gandhi]], Sachin–Jigar<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Vayu Shrivastav|Vayu]]<br /> | length3 = 3:16<br /> | title4 = Valam<br /> | extra4 = [[Arijit Singh]], [[Priya Saraiya]], Sachin–Jigar<br /> | lyrics4 = Priya Saraiya <br /> | length4 = 3:15<br /> | title5 = Valam <br /> | note5 = Unplugged<br /> | extra5 = Priya Saraiya, Sachin–Jigar<br /> | lyrics5 = [[Priya Saraiya]]<br /> | length5 = 4:30<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|8983180}}<br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|made-in-china}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/made_in_china_2019_2}}<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2019 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Ahmedabad]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Ahmedabad]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in China]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in China]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]<br /> [[Category:AA Films films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> [[Category:Films about businesspeople]]<br /> [[Category:Indian business films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about sexuality]]<br /> [[Category:Films about international relations]]<br /> [[Category:China–India relations]]<br /> [[Category:Central Bureau of Investigation in fiction]]<br /> [[Category:Traditional Chinese medicine]]<br /> [[Category:Police detective films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian police films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian detective films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about death]]<br /> [[Category:Maddock Films films]]<br /> [[Category:Jio Studios films]]<br /> [[Category:Ethnic humour]]<br /> [[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaniyar&diff=457314 2026-03-16T23:08:52Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: refined content to improve readability additionally and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|South Indian caste}}<br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br /> '''Kaniyar''' (Ganaka) is a [[caste]] from the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. There are regional variations in the name used to define them. They are listed under the [[Other Backward Class]] (OBC) by the Kerala Government.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kerala Public Commission – List of other backward classes|url=https://www.keralapsc.gov.in/list-scheduled-castes-kerala-state}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- The [[Kerala Public Service Commission]] considers Kaniyar Panicker (otherwise known as ''Kaniyan'', ''Kanisu'', ''Ganaka'', ''Kanisan'', ''Kamnan'', and ''Kani'') to be one group in their list of designated [[Backward class|Other Backward Classes]], and ''Kalari Panicker'' (otherwise referred to as ''Kalari Kurup'') to be another.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keralapsc.org/obcs.htm |title=List of Other Backward Classes in Kerala State |publisher=Kerala Public Service Commission |access-date=3 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt; <br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Ethnic group<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | group = Kaniyar<br /> | pop = <br /> | popplace = [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar]], [[Thrissur]], [[Palakkad]], [[Travancore]].<br /> | languages = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | religions = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | related = [[kalari|Ganaka]], [[Kalari Panicker ]], [[Thiyyar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xouADwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kaniya+tiyya&amp;pg=PT92 | title=Hereditary Physicians of Kerala: Traditional Medicine and Ayurveda in Modern India | isbn=9780429663123 | last1=Menon | first1=Indudharan | date=18 December 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Traditions of origin==<br /> [[Kathleen Gough]] has recorded that the caste believes that they descended from a section of the [[Tamil Brahmins]] and that they ascribed their &quot;rudimentary&quot; knowledge of [[Sanskrit]], medicine and astrology to those origins.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goody&quot;/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Traditional occupations==<br /> Gough says that the caste in many ways played the role of {{quote|pseudo-Brahmans in relation to the lower castes&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;Their lore was, of course, a much simplified version of Brahman lore. Through them, however, some of the elements of Sanskrit religious belief and practices were filtered to lower caste people who could not attend high-caste temples or receive Brahmanical services&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;[They] served as media for the Sankritisation of the lower castes&amp;nbsp;...&lt;ref name=&quot;Goody&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> It was the Kaniyars who decorate the elaborate costumes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pta.kerala.gov.in/art.htm |title=Padayani |publisher=Government of Kerala portal |access-date=28 April 2011 |archive-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210135918/http://www.pta.kerala.gov.in/art.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; of the dance conducted at various temples in central Travancore. They were also famous in the field of ayurveda treatment (Traditional Indian medical stream) across Kerala. Kaniyar panickers are famous with astrology even now in [[Kerala|Northern Kerala]].<br /> <br /> The Kaniyar were also once teachers, primarily in village schools.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goody&quot;/&gt; The arrival of the British in the area saw the demise of traditional teaching, with Sanskrit teaching being deprecated in favor of its English counterpart, disruption due to various wars and also a discouragement of the village schools in general. The standard of literacy declined greatly for nearly a century and began to improve once more with the advent of state aid for (principally English-based) education at the end of the 19th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9SUyI-3tRwC&amp;pg=PA155 |chapter=Literacy in Kerala |first=Kathleen |last=Gough |author-link=Kathleen Gough |editor-first=Jack |editor-last=Goody |editor-link=Jack Goody |title=Literacy in traditional societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |orig-year=1968 |edition=Reprinted |isbn=0-521-29005-8 |page=155}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Aside from general teaching,they also taught [[fencing]] to the [[Izhava]] and [[Thiyya|Thiyyar]] caste.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goody&quot;/&gt; ''[[Gurukkal, Kalarippayattu|Gurukkal]]'' is another name used for the northern group because of their involvement with these schools. They asserted that because of this they were superior to the ''[[Aasaan|Asan]]'' members of the caste, who were primarily to be found in southern Travancore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goody&quot;&gt;{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9SUyI-3tRwC&amp;pg=PA149 |chapter=Literacy in Kerala |first=Kathleen |last=Gough |author-link=Kathleen Gough |editor-first=Jack |editor-last=Goody |editor-link=Jack Goody |title=Literacy in traditional societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |orig-year=1968 |edition=Reprinted |isbn=0-521-29005-8 |pages=148–149}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notable people ==<br /> * [[Niranam Poets]] – Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar, and Rama Panikkar Authoers of Kannassa Ramayanam.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Social groups of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Society of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Indian castes]]<br /> [[Category:Other Backward Classes]]<br /> [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]<br /> [[Category:Other Backward Classes of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:South Indian communities]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedding_photography&diff=549845 2026-03-16T12:22:21Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: starting a article...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Photography of wedding ceremonies}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Original research|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{tone|date=February 2022}}<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Wedding photographer at work.jpg|thumb|A wedding photographer taking a picture of the bride and her new husband with his family|alt=A man in a blue shirt and dark pants at right crouches as he takes a picture of a group of people at left in formal wear, with a woman in a white wedding dress at the rightmost. Behind them are tall trees and a large lake]]<br /> [[File:Wedding. Louise Fairbairn BAnQ P48S1P12641.jpg|200px|thumb|A newlywed couple standing in front of a church and their wedding photographer, [[Westmount]], [[Montreal]], 1945]]<br /> <br /> '''Wedding photography''' is a specialty in [[photography]] that is primarily focused on the photography of events and activities relating to [[wedding]]s. It may include other types of [[portrait photography]] of the couple before the official wedding day, such as a pre-wedding [[engagement]] session, in which the photographs are later used for the couple's wedding invitations. On the wedding day, the [[photographer]](s) will provide [[portrait photography]] as well as [[documentary photography]] to document the different wedding events and rituals throughout the day(s).<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Bride1929.jpg|thumb|A formal photograph of a bride in 1929]]<br /> The practice of wedding photography has evolved and grown since the invention of the photographic art form. However, in the early days of photography, most couples did not hire a photographer to record the actual wedding itself. Rather, they might have posed for a formal photo in their best clothes before or after a wedding.{{fact|date=December 2024}} In the late 1860s, more couples started posing in their wedding clothes or sometimes hired a photographer to come to the wedding venue.{{fact|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> Due to the nature of the bulky equipment and lighting issues, wedding photography was largely a studio practice for most of the late 19th century. Wedding albums started becoming more commonplace in the 1880s, and the photographer would sometimes include the wedding party in the photographs.{{fact|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Unidentified wedding, Northern Ontario (I0002402).tif|thumb|Wedding party photo from the [[Rainy River District]], ca. 1905.]]<br /> <br /> At the beginning of the 20th century, color photography became available, but was still unreliable and expensive, so most wedding photography was still practiced in black and white. The concept of capturing the wedding &quot;event&quot; came about after the Second World War.{{fact|date=December 2024}} Using film roll technology and improved lighting techniques available with the invention of the compact [[flash bulb]], photographers would often show up at a wedding and try to sell the photos later. Despite the initial low-quality photographs that often resulted, the competition forced the studio photographers to start working on location.{{fact|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> <br /> Initially, professional studio photographers might bring a lot of bulky equipment, thus limiting their ability to record the entire event. Even &quot;candid&quot; photos were more often staged after the ceremony. In the 1970s, the more modern approach to recording the entire wedding event started evolving into the practice as we know it today, including a more &quot;[[documentary photography]]&quot; style of photography.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}<br /> <br /> == Technology ==<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=December 2024}}<br /> During the film era, photographers favored colour negative film and medium-format cameras, especially [[Hasselblad]]. Today, many more weddings are photographed with [[DSLR|digital SLR]] cameras as the digital convenience provides quick detection of lighting mistakes and allows creative approaches to be reviewed immediately.<br /> <br /> In spite of this trend, some photographers continue to shoot with film as they prefer the film aesthetic, and others are of the opinion that negative film captures more information than digital technology, and has less margin for exposure error. Certainly true in some cases, [[exposure latitude]] inherent in a camera's native [[Raw image format]] (which allows for more under- and over- exposure than [[JPEG]]) varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. All forms of RAW have a degree of exposure latitude that exceeds [[Reversal film|slide film]] - to which digital capture is commonly compared.<br /> <br /> The introduction of ILC (interchangeable lens cameras) mirrorless cameras such as the Fuji XT-2 and the Sony A7 series in 2015 / 2016 was significant for [[photojournalism|PJ]] wedding photographers.<br /> <br /> ==Approaches==<br /> [[Image:Des moines wedding photographers photos 1.jpg|right|thumb| Wedding couple portrait circa 1926. In the early days of wedding photography, usually only several posed portraits of the couple were photographed.]]<br /> [[Image:WEDDING DANCE HELD IN THE TURNER CLUB GYMNASIUM IN NEW ULM, MINNESOTA FOLLOWING THE CHURCH CEREMONY. NEW ULM IS A... - NARA - 558240.jpg|left|thumb|Wedding photography with a photojournalistic approach.]]<br /> <br /> Traditional wedding photography provides for more classically posed images and a great deal of photographer control during the ceremony.<br /> <br /> A [[photojournalism|photojournalistic]] style of wedding photography takes its cue from editorial reporting styles and focuses more on [[Candid photography|candid images]] with little photographer interaction; a wedding photojournalist typically shoots images quickly using available light or on-camera flash rather than using traditional, formal posing techniques and studio lights.<br /> <br /> A third style is a fashion-based approach. In contemporary/fashion-based wedding photography, a photographer will combine candid images of the events of the day with posed images that are inspired by editorial [[fashion photography]]. This style often involves more dramatic post-processing of images.<br /> <br /> A fourth style that is popular in Asian countries, especially in China, is wedding studio photography (Chinese: 婚纱摄影; pinyin: hūn shā shè yǐng). Typically, couples will make an appointment with a studio for an in-studio or location shoot, with support from a hairstylist and make-up artist in addition to the photographer and the couple. The couple will go through many changes of clothing and backgrounds in a similar manner to the fashion-based approach.<br /> <br /> The term ''contemporary wedding photography'' is used to describe wedding photography that is not of a [[traditional]] nature. The emphasis in contemporary photography is to capture the atmosphere of the day.<br /> <br /> ==Services==<br /> [[File:Wedding photographer in Miami Beach.jpg|thumb|A wedding photographer at work in Miami Beach]]<br /> The range of deliverables that a wedding photographer presents is varied. There is no standard as to what is included in a wedding coverage or package, so products vary regionally and from across photographers, as do the number of images provided.<br /> <br /> Most photographers provide a set of proofs (usually [[Photograph manipulation|unretouched]], [[Image editing|edited images]]) for the clients to view. Photographers may provide hard copy proofs in the form of small prints, a &quot;magazine&quot; of images with thumbnail-sized pictures on multiple pages. Alternatively, they will provide an online proofing gallery. <br /> <br /> There are a wide variety of albums and manufacturers available, and photographers may provide traditional matted albums, digitally designed &quot;coffee table&quot; albums, contemporary flush mount albums, hardbound books, scrapbook style albums, or a combination of any of the above. Albums may be included as part of a pre-purchased package, or they may be added as an after-wedding purchase. Not all photographers provide albums; some may prefer to provide prints and/or files and let clients make their own albums.<br /> <br /> Most photographers allow clients to purchase additional prints for themselves or their families. Many photographers now provide online sales either through galleries located on their own websites or through partnerships with other vendors.<br /> <br /> The owner of the pictures' copyright is often explicitly stated in the contract for photographic services.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.abc.net.au/catapult/askexpert/s1732417.htm| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071011071941/http://abc.net.au/catapult/askexpert/s1732417.htm| archive-date = 2007-10-11| title = Who owns wedding photography copyright?: Ask an Expert - Catapult - ABC Online| website = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}} &lt;/ref&gt; Without such an explicit statement, the owner of the pictures' copyright will depend on the country involved as copyright laws vary from country to country.<br /> <br /> ==Profession==<br /> Falling under the broader category of photographers, most often work on location taking photographs of wedding events on a contractual basis. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 64% of photographers were self-employed as of 2018. Photographers earned a median salary of $34,000 per year as of May 2018. The number of employed photographers was expected to decline by 6% between 2018 and 2028.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Wedding Photographer: Job Description, Duties and Requirements |url=https://study.com/articles/Wedding_Photographer_Job_Description_Duties_and_Requirements.html#:~:text=In%20addition%20to%20taking%20photographs,often%20on%20their%20own%20equipment.&amp;text=Photo%20editing%2C%20developing%20and%20delivery,the%20wedding%20photographer's%20job%20duties. |website=Study.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Professional organizations==<br /> Organizations such as the [[Professional Photographers of America]] (PPA), Society of Wedding and Portrait Photographers (SWPP), International Society of Professional Wedding Photographers (ISPWP), Professional Photographers of Canada (PPOC), Australian Institute of Professional Photography (AIPP), Wedding and Portrait Photographers International (WPPI) and Wedding Photojournalist Association (WPJA) support the art and business of wedding photography. WPJA awards an annual Photographer of the Year Award to recognize the best in wedding photojournalism.<br /> <br /> In the UK there are many organizations including the Master Photographers Association (MPA) and the British Institute of Professional Photography (BIPP).<br /> <br /> Standards and requirements for professional organizations vary, but membership often indicates a photographer is insured.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} Professional organizations offer training, professional competition, and support to members, as well as directory services to help with marketing and organise conventions.&lt;ref&gt;Lewis, Charles. (1999). &quot;The Art World Of Wedding Photography: Professional Boundaries&quot;. In Griffin, Robert; Gibbs, William; Wiegmann, Beth (eds) ''Visual Literacy in an Information Age''. International Visual Literacy Association. {{ISBN|9780945829119}}. pp215–222.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kim, Kenny. (2010). ''Wedding Photographer's Planner'', Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA. {{ISBN|9780470872994}}. p249.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==South Asia==<br /> [[File:Hindu marriage ceremony offering.jpg|thumb|right|Bride and groom conducting worship together. Indoor flash photography, with the couple in focus]]<br /> South Asian wedding photography refers to wedding photography of celebrations relating to [[Indian wedding|Indian]], [[Pakistani wedding|Pakistani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/640999/wedding-photography-framed-for-life/|title=Wedding photography: Framed for life|work=The Express Tribune|date=8 December 2013|access-date=8 December 2013|first1=Noman|last1=Ansari|first2=Sama|last2=Aamir}}&lt;/ref&gt; and other South Asian weddings.<br /> <br /> Indian weddings are a Rs. 800 billion industry, which is expected to grow by 25% per annum,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Taking the Indian wedding global|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-variety/article1665705.ece|publisher=[[Business Line]]|access-date=7 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; with a significant part dedicated to photography.<br /> <br /> There are various rituals like the Seven Promises of Indian Marriage which are called as '''Saat Pheras''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.shaadidukaan.com/blog/7-sacred-vows-hindu-marriage.html|title=Saat Pheras|date=October 8, 2015|website=Indian Wedding Photography|access-date=October 8, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;' and are performed on the day of wedding. An Indian marriage is traditionally a public affair, with the bridegroom taken in a procession through the town. Even a modest Indian wedding can have several hundred participants, who are all thought to be &quot;relatives and close family friends&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Madhur|title=The Big Fat Indian Wedding Grows Bigger and Fatter|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1653427,00.html|publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=7 June 2015|date=16 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; By convention, a photographer is required to include each guest in at least one photograph which includes the bride and the groom. Generally, Indian wedding proceedings do not pause for photographs, requiring the photographers to anticipate the next event and be ready with the right angle. These factors make photographing an Indian wedding significantly different from western weddings.<br /> <br /> [[File:South India wedding.JPG|thumb|left|Bride and groom as a royal couple under the [[mandap]], day-time photography with fill-in flash]]<br /> <br /> Wedding photography is now a major commercial endeavor in India that supports the bulk of the efforts for many photographers. There are photographers outside of India that specialize in Indian weddings.<br /> <br /> Bright colors such as red and orange are considered especially appropriate in Indian weddings,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Wedding of the week - Melbourne|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/lifeandstyle/lifematters/wedding-of-the-week--melbourne/2009/03/23/1237656808075.html|publisher=[[The Age]]|access-date=7 June 2015|first=John|last=Mangan|date=23 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; with photographs often featuring highly saturated tones.&lt;ref&gt;Vivah - Design a Perfect Hindu Wedding by Meenal Atul Pandya&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Photographs from some famous Indian weddings have been published widely in newspapers, including the [[Amit Bhatia|Mittal wedding]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=£30m wedding bill as Bollywood comes to France|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1463397/30m-wedding-bill-as-Bollywood-comes-to-France.html|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=7 June 2015|location=London|first=Amit|last=Roy|date=2 June 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bachchan wedding ([[Abhishek Bachchan|Abhishek]] and [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya]]), and [[Wedding of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant|Ambani wedding]].<br /> <br /> ===India's &quot;wedding season&quot;===<br /> In India, a number of weddings take place in the &quot;wedding season&quot;. For example, in early October, the city of Delhi can have up about 25,000 weddings a night.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Perry |first=Alex |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1161223,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304164053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1161223,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 4, 2006 |title=Letter From New Delhi: Land of the Wedding Planners |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2006-02-19 |access-date=2015-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; That can make it hard to locate wedding photographers for those who have not planned sufficiently in advance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Matches, hatches and dispatches are all made in heaven for India's millions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/29/india.maseehrahman|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=29 November 2003|access-date=7 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Wedding planner|Wedding planning]] in India is now a $10 billion market. The market in 2022 is to exceed $50 billion as per Business Insider India &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India's $50 billion wedding industry is gearing up for a busy winter — business may have shrunk in size but it has not lost its sheen |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/indias-50-billion-wedding-industry-is-gearing-up-for-a-busy-winter/articleshow/78163437.cms |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Business Insider}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Technical and cultural challenges===<br /> Indian wedding photographers need to be aware of the cultural aspects of Indian wedding photography. They may need to understand the symbolism of specific religious rituals and traditional photo compositions are desired.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Barton|first=Adriana|date=November 22, 2007|title=An eye for a new tradition|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071122.wlphotogs22/BNStory/lifeFamily/home|website=[[The Globe and Mail]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218194756/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071122.wlphotogs22/BNStory/lifeFamily/home|archivedate=February 18, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Destination wedding photography ==<br /> {{more citations needed section|date=January 2019}}<br /> <br /> A &quot;destination wedding&quot; is defined{{according to whom|date=January 2019}} as marrying 100 or more miles from where the marrying couple currently live. The term can also refer to any wedding in which the engaged couple and/or a majority of their guests travel to attend the wedding ceremony. <br /> Destination wedding photographers may run into challenges not typically associated with their normal weddings, ranging from location familiarity to client familiarity. Photographers may be familiar with venues if they are shooting locally, but less so elsewhere.<br /> <br /> === Elopement photography ===<br /> [[File:Mt-hood-elopement-by-chris-brodell.jpg|alt=Bride and Groom with wedding officiant during elopement ceremony near Mt. Hood, Oregon|thumb|Elopement Wedding Ceremony near Mt. Hood, Oregon]]<br /> <br /> Another form of destination wedding photography is photographing [[elopement]]s. While the popularity of elopements has been rising for at least the last decade, the emergence of [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]] has cemented elopements and micro-weddings as a first choice rather than a quick, forced decision.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Schiffer|first=Zoe|date=2020-09-21|title=COVID ruined weddings, so now people are eloping on Instagram|url=https://www.theverge.com/21440047/coronavirus-wedding-industry-instagram-elopement-covid-19|access-date=2021-01-26|website=The Verge|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Vora|first=Shivani|date=2019-05-14|title=Ceremony for 2, Please. And Make It Fancy! (Published 2019)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/fashion/weddings/expensive-luxury-elopement-ceremonies-for-2.html|access-date=2021-01-26|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elopements are no longer a trend but have been entrenched as a socially acceptable alternative to a larger, traditional wedding.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Foster|first=Brooke Lea|date=2017-07-12|title=Want a Fabulous Wedding? Consider Eloping (Published 2017)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/fashion/weddings/fabulous-wedding-eloping.html|access-date=2021-01-26|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Having an elopement allows couples to get married in ways that are meaningful to them, an opportunity that can be hard to come by with a traditional ceremony.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|last1=Alex|first1=Ella|last2=er|date=2019-04-05|title=Elopements are on the rise: why modern couples are running away from lavish weddings|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/bazaar-brides/a27054966/elopements-are-on-the-rise/|access-date=2021-01-26|magazine=Harper's BAZAAR|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Photographers who specialize in elopements take on the role of scouting scenic locations, coordinating and planning timelines, and recommending what to wear and what to pack.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Humphrey|first=Michael|title=Meet The Woman Who Helped Spark The Adventure Elopement Trend|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelhumphrey/2020/08/30/meet-the-woman-who-helped-spark-the-adventure-elopement-trend/|access-date=2021-01-26|website=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Trash the dress]]<br /> * [[Wedding planner]]<br /> * [[Wedding videography]]<br /> * [[Banquet photography]]<br /> <br /> ===South Asian weddings===<br /> * [[Hindu wedding]]<br /> * [[Punjabi wedding traditions]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite book<br /> | last = Cantrell, Bambi; Cohen, Skip<br /> | year = 2000<br /> | title = The Art of Wedding Photography: Professional Techniques with Style<br /> | publisher = Amphoto Books<br /> | pages = 144<br /> | isbn = 978-0-817433-25-3<br /> }}<br /> *{{cite book<br /> | last = MacDonald, Morag<br /> | year = 2007<br /> | title = Wedding Photography: A Professional Guide<br /> | publisher = Aurum Press<br /> | pages = 128<br /> | isbn = 978-1-902538-47-1<br /> }}<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> <br /> {{photography}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Wedding Photography}}<br /> [[Category:Photography by genre]]<br /> [[Category:Wedding photography| ]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mewar&diff=448174 2026-03-11T13:38:26Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Content refreshed with new edits</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (566–1949)}}<br /> {{About|the kingdom in Rajputana called the Kingdom of Mewar|the natural and historical region|Mewar}}<br /> {{redirect|Udaipur State|the state with its capital in Dharamjaigarh|Udaipur State, Chhattisgarh}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox former country<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image_flag = In mewar-state.png<br /> | flag_border = no<br /> | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Mewar<br /> | event_end = [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]<br /> | year_start = 566<br /> | year_end = 1949<br /> | image_coat = Coat_of_arms_of_Udaipur_State.png<br /> | coa_size = 130px<br /> | symbol_type = Coat of arms<br /> | image_map = File:Map of Sisodiya dynasty at its apex.png<br /> | map_width = 270px<br /> | image_map_caption = The Kingdom of Mewar at its greatest extent under the Sisodiya dynasty during the reign of [[Rana Sanga]].<br /> | image_map2 = <br /> | image_map2_caption = <br /> | national_motto = {{Plain list|<br /> *Jo drirha rakhe dharma koun tihin rakhe kartar<br /> *''&quot;The Almighty protects the one who upholds righteousness&quot;''<br /> }}<br /> | capital = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Nagda, Rajasthan|Nagda]]&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=A.N. |title=Human Geography of Mewar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evsMAQAAMAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Himanshu Publications |isbn=9788186231906 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;({{Circa|734}}–948)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Ahar, Rajasthan|Ahar]]&amp;lt;ref name=Bhattacharya /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(948–1213)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Chittor]]&amp;lt;ref name=Bhattacharya /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(1213–1559)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Udaipur]]&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Agarwal&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Agarwal|first=B.D. |title=Rajasthan District Gazetteers, Udaipur|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120409|year=1979|location=Jaipur|publisher=Directorate of District Gazetteers}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(1559–1585)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(1620–1949)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;<br /> *[[Chavand, Rajasthan|Chawand]]{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=245}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(1585–1620)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}<br /> | common_languages = [[Mewari]]&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Ojha&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Ojha |first=Gaurishankar Hirachand |title=उदयपुर राज्य का इतिहास [History of Udaipur State] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.545811 |year=1990 |publisher=Rajasthani Granthagar}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | government_type = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Absolute monarchy]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;({{Circa|566}}–1947)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Constitutional monarchy]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(1947–1949)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}<br /> | title_leader = [[House of Mewar|Maharana]]<br /> | leader1 = [[Guhila|Rawal Guhil]]<br /> | leader2 = [[Bappa Rawal]]<br /> | year_leader3 = 1326-1364<br /> | leader3 = [[Hammir Singh|Maharana Hammir Singh]]<br /> | year_leader4 = 1433-1468<br /> | leader4 = [[Rana Kumbha|Maharana Kumbha]]<br /> | year_leader5 = 1508-1528<br /> | leader5 = [[Rana Sanga|Maharana Sanga]]<br /> | year_leader6 = 1572-1597<br /> | leader6 = [[Maharana Pratap]]<br /> | year_leader7 = 1652-1680<br /> | leader7 = [[Raj Singh I|Maharana Raj Singh]]<br /> | year_leader8 = 24 Nov 2024 - present<br /> | leader8 = <br /> | year_leader9 = <br /> | leader9 = <br /> | year_leader10 = <br /> | leader10 = <br /> | year_leader1 = 566-586<br /> | year_leader2 = 728-764<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | stat_year1 = 1901<br /> | stat_area1 = 33,030<br /> | ref_area1 = &amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Bannerman&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Bannerman |first=A.D. |title=Census of India 1901, Vol. XXV-A, Rajputana, Part II Imperial Tables|url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18860/GIPE-017299.pdf?sequence=3&amp;amp;isAllowed=y |year=1902 |publisher=Newal Kishore Press}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | stat_year2 = 1941<br /> | stat_pop2 = 1,926,698<br /> | ref_pop2 = &amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Dashora&quot;/&amp;gt;<br /> | stat_area2 = 33517<br /> | ref_area2 = &amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Dashora&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last=Dashora |first=Yamunalal |title=Mewar in 1941 or A Summary of Census Statistics |date=8 March 2024 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.114496 |publisher=R.C. Sharma}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> | today = [[India]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Pakistan]]<br /> }}<br /> The '''Kingdom of Mewar''' was an independent Hindu [[Monarchy|kingdom]] that existed in the [[Rajputana]] region of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and later became a dominant state in [[medieval India]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhatnagar |first=V.S |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ |title=Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743 |date=1974 |publisher=Impex India. |page=6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The kingdom was initially founded and ruled by the [[Guhila dynasty]], followed by its cadet branch, the [[Sisodia dynasty|Sisodia Dynasty.]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rztuAAAAMAAJ |title=Maharana Kumbha and His TImes |date=1995 |publisher=Jaipur Publishing House |page=4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=326}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The earliest kingdom was centered around the south-central part of [[Rajasthan]], state of India. It was bordered by the [[Aravali Range]] to the northwest, [[Ajmer region|Ajmer]] to the north, [[Gujarat]], [[Vagad]] and [[Malwa]] regions to the south and the [[Hadoti]] region to the east.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |page=1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The house of Mewar rose to prominence in the reign of [[Bappa Rawal]] (7th century) known for his involvement in thwarting [[Umayyad campaigns in India|Arab incursions]] in [[Indian subcontinent|India]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar from the Earliest Time to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |pages=45}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Over time, it became vassal to [[Pratihara dynasty|Imperial Pratihara]], [[Paramara dynasty|Paramaras]] and then to [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamanas]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R,C |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC |title=Ancient India |date=1977 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ |pages=300|isbn=978-81-208-0436-4 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Narain Seth |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4dAAAAMAAJ |title=The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa |date=27 May 1978 |pages=94}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the early 10th century, Mewar emerged as an independent state, actively battling neighboring powers and confronting the expansion of [[Delhi Sultanate]] until the [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)|fall]] of its capital [[Chittorgarh]] in 1303 against the latter, leading to the annihilation of [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila Dynasty]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar From Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |year=1976 |pages=51}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2005 |publisher=Rupa and Co. |pages=308|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Sisodia dynasty]], a junior branch of Guhilas, re-occupied Mewar in 1326, ushering in a golden age characterized by military prowess and territorial expansion.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan |pages=327}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Under the reigns of [[Kumbha of Mewar|Maharana Kumbha]] and his grandson [[Rana Sanga|Maharana Sanga]], Mewar achieved victories against [[Islamic state|Islamic States]] of [[Malwa]], [[Gujarat]], and [[Delhi]] particularly in [[Mewar–Malwa conflicts|Mewar-Malwa conflicts]] and [[Kingdom of Mewar - Delhi Sultanate Conflict (1326 to 1518)|Mewar- Delhi conflicts.]]&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Mankekar |first=D.R |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5E9AAAAMAAJ |title=Mewar Saga |date=1976 |pages=39|publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-0416-1 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It also successfully fought off and vassalized neighboring Hindu kingdoms. At its zenith under Rana Sanga, it controlled large parts of [[North India|Northern India]], emerging as a contender for hegemony in the region in opposition to the Delhi Sultanate under the [[Lodi dynasty]].However following the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] prince [[Babur|Babur's]] [[First Battle of Panipat|conquest]] of the latter, Mewar suffered a grave defeat against the nascent [[Mughal Empire]] in the [[Battle of Khanwa]], which led to a rapid decline of its power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Mankekar |first=D.R |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5E9AAAAMAAJ |title=Mewar Saga |date=1976 |pages=42|publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-0416-1 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Nonetheless, it continued to resist Mughal expansion, most notably under [[Maharana Pratap]], though it ultimately became a [[tributary state]] with a significant degree of autonomy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals (1206–1526) |date=2005 |isbn=9788124110669 |pages=123|publisher=Har-Anand Publications }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Sovereign leaders like [[Raj Singh I|Raj Singh]] and his successors led rebellions culminating in de facto independence for Mewar, notably [[Rathore rebellion (1679–1707)|Rathore Rebellion]] and [[Rajput Rebellion (1708–1710)|Rajput-Mughal war (1708–1710)]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2005 |publisher=Rupa and Co. |pages=595–625|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Eventually, falling under [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Empire's]] influence and accepting [[British Empire|British]] suzerainty in 1818, Mewar remained a princely state until it joined the [[India|Union of India]] in 1947.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar Frlom Earliest Time To 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |pages=338–339}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Manoshi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8YhVPgAACAAJ |title=The Royal Rajputs |date=2008 |publisher=Rupa and Co. |pages=42–46|isbn=978-81-291-1127-2 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Mewar's legacy includes its prolonged resistance against Islamic invasion and traditions like [[Jauhar]] (self-immolation) witnessed during the time of defeats.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=G.N |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sQBAAAAMAAJ |title=Mewar and the Mughal Emperors |date=1954 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |page=}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Cashman |first=Richard I. |url=http://archive.org/details/mythoflokamanya00rich |title=The myth of the Lokamanya : Tilak and mass politics in Maharashtra |date=1975 |publisher=Berkeley : University of California Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-520-02407-6 |page=7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Its imperial era is notable for having reestablished Hindu sovereignty over a large portion of Northern India following a long period of [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Islamic domination]], a feat not replicated until the [[Maratha Empire]]. While primarily a Hindu state, the kingdom also patronized [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]]. Among Mewar's [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] are [[Kumbhalgarh]] and [[Chittorgarh]], described variously as the jewels of Rajput architect in India. [[Udaipur]], also known as the city of lakes and one of the largest cities of the [[North India]] was also founded by the Rana of Mewar, [[Udai Singh II]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2005 |publisher=Rupa and CO. |pages=462–463|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> [[File:Chittorgarh fort.JPG|thumb|[[Chittorgarh Fort]]]]<br /> Mewar is surrounded by the [[Aravalli Range|Aravali Range]] to the northwest, [[Ajmer]] to the north, and [[Gujarat]], [[Vagad]], and [[Malwa]] to the south, with the [[Hadoti]] region to the east. The area features mountainous hills, plateaus, and rivers such as [[Banas River|Banas]], [[Sone River|Som]], and [[Sabarmati River|Sabarmati]], along with dry [[deciduous]] forests that are denser during the monsoon months. The central plains, watered by the Banas River and its tributaries, are highly cultivated, with [[Chernozem|black]], light [[loam]]y soil supporting crops like [[cotton]], [[maize]], [[sugarcane]], [[wheat]], and [[barley]], suitable for both [[Kharif crop|Kharif]] and [[Rabi crop|Rabi]] seasons. The average height of these plains is about 600&amp;amp;nbsp;ft. MSL. This geography has allowed Mewar to maintain its freedom and resist imperial powers, making it favourable for [[guerrilla warfare]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |pages=1–9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The boundaries of Mewar largely remained consistent except from 1326 to 1533, during which time the kingdom more or less extended from near [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]](capital of [[Malwa Sultanate]]) in the south to [[Bayana]] in the north-east, reaching into desert areas towards the [[Indus River]] in the west. Thus, controlling large parts of [[North India|Northern India]]. However, due to dynastic conflicts and ongoing struggles against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]], the kingdom's size diminished, eventually covering an area of 14,000 square kilometers by 1941.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Mankekar |first=D.R |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5E9AAAAMAAJ |title=Mewar Saga |date=1976 |page=39}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=Ram Vallabh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |page=7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; With the treaty of [[Instrument of Accession|Accession to India]], the area of Mewar was merged with the [[Rajasthan]].<br /> <br /> ==Early history and Legend==<br /> {{Main|Guhila dynasty}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Bappa_Rawal.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of [[Bappa Rawal]] at [[Mewar]] (r.728 CE–763 CE).]]<br /> Less is known about the origins of the Kingdom of Mewar. It was originally ruled by the [[Guhila dynasty]]. Guhadatta is considered the first ruler of the kingdom in the 7th century. In the early 8th century, it came under the sub ordinance of the regional [[Mauryas|Mori]] rulers.{{sfn|Nandini Sinha|1991|p=64-65}} The kingdom under [[Bappa Rawal]] acquired control of [[Chittorgarh|Chittor]] in 728 after taking it away from its Mori overlords.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.276557|title=History Of Mediaeval Hindu India|last=Vaidya|first=C.V.|publisher=The Oriental Book Supplying Agency|year=1924|volume=II|location=Poona|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.276557/page/n86 75]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Nagda, Rajasthan|Nagda]] was the capital of Mewar around this period.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya&quot; /&amp;gt;<br /> Bappa Rawal defeated an early [[Umayyad campaigns in India|Arab Caliphate invasion of India]] through a confederation with [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Gurjar-Pratihara]] ruler [[Nagabhata I]].{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|p=45}} Bappa Rawals successors, namely Khuman II would continue to resist Arab incursions into the country.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|p=50}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Sahasra_Bahu_temples,_Nagda,_Rajasthan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sahasra Bahu Temples]] in [[Nagda, Rajasthan]], 10th century CE.]]<br /> The Guhilas from the 8th century acknowledged the suzerainty of the [[Gurjara-Pratiharas]]. In the 10th century, [[Rawal Bharttripatta II|Bharttripatta II]] became an independent ruler and broke ties with the Pratihara empire and assumed the title ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]''. His successor [[Rawal Allata|Allata]] killed Devapala, the ruler of the Gurjara Pratihara at that time.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=299}}{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|p=53}}<br /> <br /> The Guhilas was controlled by the Kingdom of Malwa in the 11th century and by the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamanas]] in the 12th century.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=94}}{{sfn|D. C. Ganguly|1957|p=89}} Guhila ruler [[Samantasimha (Guhila)|Samantsingh]] established another branch of Guhilas in Vagad and also fought alongside the defeated [[Prithviraja III]] of Ajmer in [[Second Battle of Tarain]] against [[Mu'izz al-Din|Muizzuddin Muhammad Ghuri]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|author=Gopinath Sharma|chapter=RAJASTHAN|editor1=Mohammad Habib |editor2=Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanate (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House|page=803|url=https://books.google.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006|p=350}}<br /> <br /> Through the 13th century, the Guhilas started getting more powerful and became independent of the Chahamana rule. It had to resist multiple invasions by Turkic invaders.{{sfn|D. C. Ganguly|1957|p=90}} Eventually, in 1303 Sultan of Delhi, [[Alauddin Khalji]] invaded Mewar, [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)|besieged Chittor]]. In the siege, Rana Lakhan with his seven sons died in the battle and the women committed [[Jauhar]]. Although, Ajay Singh survived the disaster who later brought up Hammir.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |author=Satish Chandra |author-link=Satish Chandra (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ |title=History of Medieval India:800-1700 |publisher=Orient Longman |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-250-3226-7 |page=98<br /> }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&amp;gt;{{harvnb|Rima Hooja|2006|pp=308}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == Imperial Mewar ==<br /> {{See also|List of Mewar (Sisodiya)–Delhi conflicts|Mewar–Malwa conflicts}}<br /> <br /> === Early Expansion and consolidation ===<br /> Following Alauddin Khalji's invasion in 1303, the [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila Dynasty]] ceased to exist. In 1326, [[Hammir Singh]] (1326-1364), a descendant of Rahapa, from [[Sisodia dynasty]] (Cadet branch of Guhilas) attempted to regain control of Mewar, but his initial efforts were thwarted. Khizr Khan, one of Alauddin's sons, was forced to relocate, and Maldev Songara from the [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]] clan took charge of Mewar, successfully repelling Hammir's assaults. Eventually, Hammir seized the fort of Jilwara and established a base in Kelwara, allowing him to capture further territories, including [[Sirohi state|Sirohi]] and [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |title=History and Culture of India Volume 6 |date=1967 |publisher=Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan |page=32}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Hammir later recaptured [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] and defeated the Delhi Sultanate forces at the [[Battle of Singoli]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somani |first=R.V |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar from the Earliest time to 1751 A.D |date=1976 |publisher=C.L. Ranka, Jaipur |page=10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> [[Kshetra Singh|Rana Kshetra Singh]] (1364–1382), expanded the kingdom significantly, capturing [[Ajmer]], [[Hadoti]] and [[Mandalgarh]]. He also quelled a rebellion in Idar alongside defeating [[Dilawar Khan]] of the [[Malwa Sultanate]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=RIma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa and Co. |page=332|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Har Bilas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bt5GAAAAIAAJ |title=Maharana Kumbha Sovereign, Soldier, Scholar |date=1918 |publisher=Scottish Mission Industries |page=332}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Kshetra was succeeded by [[Rana Lakha|Lakha]], who conquered Merwara and helped [[Ranmal|Rao Ranmal Rathore]], one of the princesses of the neighbouring [[Kingdom of Marwar]], to gain the throne, thus establishing Mewar's influence over Marwar. He also rebuilt Mewar's infrastructure, destroyed during the invasion of Allaudin Khalji, but died in battle to secure pilgrimage taxes. It was during his reign that his elder son [[Chunda Sisodia|Chunda]] abdicated the throne for his younger brother [[Mokal]], son of the second wife of Lakha and a Rathore princess, over a dispute.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa and Co. |page=332|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> Lakha's son [[Mokal Singh]] became Rana at a young age under the regency of his mother, Hansa Bai. He successfully defended against invasions, annexed Ajmer and [[Sambhar Salt Lake|Sambhar]], and conquered [[Jalore district|Jalore]] before being assassinated by his uncles.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=117-119}}<br /> <br /> === Maharana Kumbha ===<br /> {{Main|Kumbha of Mewar}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Tower of victory.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Vijay Stambha]] is a victory monument built by [[Rana Kumbha]] in 1448 and located within [[Chittor Fort]]|left]]<br /> After his father's assassination, [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana Kumbha]] ascended to the throne in 1433. He first dealt with this father's assassins and killed them.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=122}} by the support of King of Marwar [[Ranmal|Rao Ranmal Rathore]] whom his father had helped to become the king.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;/&amp;gt; As one of the assassins of Mokal, Mahpa Panwar, was sheltered by the Sultan of Mandu, a demand for his person was made by the Maharana, but [[Mahmud Khalji|Mahmud Khilji]] refused to surrender the refugee. The Maharana prepared for hostilities and advanced to attack Mandu. The Sultan advanced with a powerful army to meet Kumbha.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;/&amp;gt; After a severe engagement the sultan's army was defeated and sultan was forced to fled to the fort of Mandu, following the victory Rana Kumbha laid siege to the fort of Mandu and captured the sultan, who was later freed. Rana captured the areas of Gagron, Ranthambore Sarangpur, Durganpur, Banswara and Raisen from the Malwa Sultanate.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;/&amp;gt; He also annexed region of [[Hadoti]]. Due to the growing power of Ranmal, Rana had Ranmal assassinated and Rana Kumbha captured Marwar too. In coming years Sultan made several attempts to revenge his defeats in the [[battle of Mandalgarh and Banas]] but every time he was defeated. Rana Kumbha started the conquest of Nagore due the harsh treatment of Hindus there. Shams Khan son of suptan of Nagore fled to Maharana Kumbha for shelter and help. Rana Kumbha who had long designs on Nagaur, gladly embraced this opportunity of carrying them out, and agreed to place Shams Khan on the throne of [[Nagaur]] on the condition that he acknowledged Rana Kumbha's supremacy by demolishing a part of the battlements of the fort of that place. Shams Khan accepted the terms.Rana Kumbha marched with a large army to Nagaur, defeated Mujahid, who fled towards Gujarat, and placed Shams Khan on the throne of Nagaur, and demanded of him the fulfillment of the condition. But Shams Khan humbly prayed to the Maharana to spare the fort, for otherwise his nobles would kill him after the Maharana was gone.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;/&amp;gt; He promised to demolish the battlements himself later on. The Maharana granted this prayer and returned to Mewar.<br /> <br /> No sooner, however, had Rana Kumbha reached [[Kumbalgarh]] when he got the news that Shams Khan instead of demolishing, began to strengthen the fortification of Nagaur. This brought Kumbha on the scene again with a large army. Shams Khan was driven out of Nagaur, which passed into Kumbha's possession. The Maharana now demolished the fortification of Nagaur and thus carried out his long-cherished design.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;/&amp;gt; With the conquest of Nagore areas of [[Jangladesh|Janglaudesha]] and [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Sapdalpaksha]] also came under him. Shams Khan fled to [[Ahmedabad]], taking with him his daughter, whom he married to Sultan Qutb-ud-din [[Ahmad Shah II]]. The Sultan thereupon espoused his cause and sent a large army under Rai Ram Chandra and Malik Gadday to take back Nagaur. [[Rana Kumbha]] allowed the army to approach Nagaur, when he came out, and after a severe engagement, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Gujarat Sultanate army, annihilating it. Only remnants of it reached Ahmedabad, to carry the news of the disaster to the Sultan. The Sultan now took the field in person, determined to wrest Nagor back from the Maharana. The Maharana advanced to meet him and came to Mount Abu. In S. 1513 (A.D. 1456) the Sultan of Gujrat &quot;despairing of reducing Chitor&quot; arrived near Abu and sent his Commander-in-Chief, Malik Shaaban Imad-ul-Mulk, with a large army, to take the fort of Abu, and himself marched upon the fortress of Kumbhalgarh. Kumbha, aware of this plan, came out, attacked and &quot;defeated Imad-ul-Mulk with great slaughter,&quot; and He by forced marched Kumbhalgarh before the Sultan arrived there. He also conquered regions of [[Mount Abu|Abu]] and [[Sirohi]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;/&amp;gt; After getting repeatedly defeated by Kumbha Sultans of Gujrat, Malwa and Nagor prepared to take joint actions against Mewar and divide the spoils. Sultan of Gujrat move towards Kumbalgarh but was defeated there. Nagor was also defeated. Sultan of Malwa took Mewar territories up to Ajmer but after seeing defeats of sultans of Gujrat and Nagor allowed Rana Kumbha to recapture his lost territories.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Sarda 1917&quot;/&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Maharana Raimal ===<br /> He came to power by defeating, [[Udai Singh I]] in battles at [[Jawar]], Darimpur and Pangarh.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somānī |first=Rāmavallabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=Mateshwari Publications |page=146 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Early in Raimal's reign, [[Ghiyath Shah|Ghiyas Shah]] of [[Malwa]] attacked [[Chittorgarh|Chittor]] unsuccessfully.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Somānī |first=Rāmavallabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |date=1976 |publisher=Mateshwari Publications |pages=147 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Soon after, Ghiyas Shah's general, Zafar Khan attacked Mewar and was defeated at Mandalgarh and Khairabad. By marrying Sringardevi (daughter of [[Rao Jodha]]), Raimal ended the conflict with the Rathores. During Raimal's reign, Godwar, Toda and [[Ajmer]] were captured by his son [[Prithviraj Sisodia|Prithviraj]]. Raimal also strengthened the state of Mewar and repaired the temple of [[Eklingji]] in Chittor.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Dasharatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Lectures on Rajput History and Culture |date=1970 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-0-8426-0262-4 |pages=79–84 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> === Maharana Sanga ===<br /> {{Main|Rana Sanga}}<br /> <br /> After his father's death, [[Rana Sanga|Sangram Singh]] ascended on the throne in 1509. Around 1517, in the Sultanate of Malwa under the Sultan Mahmud Khilji II, too much power landed in the hands of [[Medini Rai]] which upset a lot of [[Muslim]] nobles. Eventually, Mahmud himself asked for help from the [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]] to get rid of Medini Rai. The war started as the two sultans besieged [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]] where Rai's son died. Sanga supported Medini Rai and in turn attacked and captured Gagron where he appointed Medini Rai to govern as a replacement to his prior holdings in Malwa.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=154-160}}<br /> {{Main|Battle of Khatoli|Battle of Dholpur}}<br /> <br /> In 1518, [[Ibrahim Lodhi]] ascended to the throne of Delhi. He engaged with Sanga in two major battles when he realized Sanga had been encroaching on land in the Sultanate. The sultan was defeated at [[Khatoli]] and [[Dholpur]]; as a result, Sanga was able to capture the entire North-East Rajputana up to [[Chanderi]]. This defeat was a humiliating setback for the new sultan as he lost much territory to an internal conflict in his empire. In the Battle of Khatoli, a sword injured Sanga's arm, and his leg was injured by an arrow, making him lame.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=157-159}}<br /> <br /> In 1518 Mahmud Khilji II collected another massive army and invaded Mewar through Gagron. In the ensuing battle, the Maharana won decisively; he took Khilji captive, appointed a physician to care for Khilji, and later escorted him back to his kingdom to Mandu. In 1520, Sangram decided to attack Idar and the Sultanate of Gujarat after a furious exchange with him. In the ensuing campaign, the Rana not only completely captured Idar, but also raided Ahmadabad and returned with massive wealth looted.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=159-168}}<br /> <br /> After looting Ahmedabad, the Sultan of Malwa and Gujarat mobilized heavily in 1521 against the Rana, who joined forces with most of Rajputana. In the end, the heavy mobilization was of no use, and Sanga could use his brilliant diplomatic skills to scare the Sultans. The same year, Ibrahim Lodhi tried to attack the Rana but failed again. It is around this time that Sanga's power was at its zenith. He had thoroughly defeated Gujarat and Delhi, largely captured Malwa, and established a confederacy consisting of most of Rajputana, with himself at its head. This power would end up being short-lived.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=159-168}}<br /> <br /> In 1526, [[Babur]] invaded, defeated and killed [[Ibrahim Lodhi]], establishing the [[Mughal Empire]]. After successful skirmishes and defeating Mughal forces in [[Battle of Bayana|Bayana]], Sanga suffered a serious defeat despite the numerical superiority because of the use of [[gunpowder]] by the Mughals. He was wounded in battle and was removed in an unconscious state by [[Prithviraj Singh I|Prithviraj Kachwaha]] of Amber and [[Maldeo Rathore]] of Marwar. His generals eventually poisoned him for not leaving a desire to defeat Babur after being defeated in Khanwa.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=169-176}} Sanga's death led to a period of dynastic crisis and political decline for Mewar as it struggled to hold onto its territory.<br /> <br /> After Sangram's death, his son [[Ratan Singh II]] was placed on the throne by the generals. Mahmud Khilji, whom Sangram badly defeated, tried to cash the opportunity of a weak Rana, but Ratan Singh was successfully able to defend his state.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=178}} However, in 1531, he was killed in battle. His brother [[Vikramaditya Singh (Maharana)|Rana Vikramaditya]] succeeded him at a young age, and was unpopular. During his reign, Mewar was invaded by [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]], almost culminating in disaster in 1533 as Chittor was put under siege, but the Sultan's forces retreated after a massive ransom was paid. However, Bahadur Shah invaded again a few months later, taking advantage of the dissent in Mewar against Vikramaditya and this time ended up [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1535)|besieging and sacking Chittor in 1535]].{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=183-189}} This resulted in the assassination of Vikramaditya by his cousin [[Banvir|Vanvir Singh]], who became the new Rana.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=193}} He quickly moved to secure his position by attempting to assassinate the legitimate heir and last surviving son of Rana Sanga, [[Udai Singh II|Udai Singh]], but the latter managed to escape and remained in hiding for two years.<br /> <br /> In 1540, after gathering an army of supporters, Udai fought Vanvir for the throne and defeated him. Vanvir died in battle and Udai Singh II became the new Rana, putting an end to the dynastic strife.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=193-196}} Mewar's troubles were not over though, and during his reign it would face attacks from [[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar]], the [[Sur Empire|Suri]] and later the Mughal Empire under [[Akbar]].<br /> <br /> == Decline and Struggle against Mughals ==<br /> {{Main|Mewar–Mughal conflicts|Battle of Bayana|Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)|Battle of Haldighati|Rathore rebellion (1679–1707)|Rajput Rebellion (1708–1710)}}<br /> <br /> === Udai Singh II ===<br /> {{Main|Udai Singh II}}<br /> Early in his reign, [[Sher Shah Suri]] invaded Mewar after defeating [[Maldeo Rathore]] of Marwar at [[Battle of Sammel|Sammel]]. Udai Singh had just dealt with the civil war in Mewar and did not have the resources to fight the Sur Empire. He thus surrendered Chittor to Sher Shah Suri on the terms that Sher Shah does not harm the people of [[Mewar]]. Sher Shah also accepted the terms as he knew that the siege would be long and costly.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Cambridge History of India pg.55&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Mewar reoccupied the fort after the downfall of the Suri Empire.[[File:City Palace Udaipur Front.jpg|thumb|322x322px|[[City Palace, Udaipur]] (front view)]]<br /> [[File:Rana-udai-singh-ii.jpg|thumb|[[Udai Singh II]] initiated the decades long struggle with the Mughals]]<br /> In 1557, Udai Singh was defeated by a joint invasion by Haji Khan and [[Maldeo Rathore]] in the Battle of Haramada and was forced to concede Merta.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=202-204}} Being aware of the weakened position of Mewar, as well as the resurgent Mughal Empire's expansionist ambitions, the Rana and his nobles felt Chittor was too vulnerable.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&amp;gt; Thus, work began on the new capital of [[Udaipur]], which remains the most renowned legacy of Udai Singh.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=205}}<br /> <br /> During his reign, [[Akbar]], [[Babur]]'s grandson, made great efforts to get the Maharana to accept his suzerainty by sending emissaries and envoys. When Udai Singh rejected all offers, Akbar considered invading Mewar. Udai Singh had faith in his forts as they had defended the rulers for decades in the past and were very strong.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=206-207}} He was advised by his generals to make adequate arrangements for defence and then retire to the hilly areas of Chittor, which he heeded.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=209}}<br /> <br /> ==== Siege of Chittor (1567) ====<br /> {{Main|Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)}}<br /> <br /> Akbar laid siege to the fort of [[Chittorgarh Fort|Chittor]] and started making direct attacks. When these attacks failed to do any damage, he ordered construction of ''sabats'' (approach trenches). The Rajput defenses showered the constructors of these sabats with arrows and cannonballs but eventually the sabats' construction was complete.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=211-212}} Explosives were set on these sabats for breaching the sturdy Chittor walls and explosions were able to break some walls but the Rajputs quickly filled those cavities. The explosions killed hundreds of Mughal soldiers and threw rocks miles away and was heard in towns very distant. Several other sabats were built in front of other walls. These explosions disheartened many Mughal soldiers and Akbar himself but the siege kept going.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=212-215}} While fighting, Jaimal Rathore, the commander of Mewari forces was shot dead by Akbar, soon after which the doors of Chittor were breached and Hindu soldiers fought to death. Women of the fort committed [[Jauhar]]. Soon the fort was taken over and Akbar commanded a slaughter of around 30,000 inhabitants of the fort.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=215-16}}{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006|pp=463}} Udai Singh II died 4 years later in 1572.<br /> <br /> === Maharana Pratap Singh ===<br /> {{Main|Maharana Pratap}}<br /> <br /> [[File:RajaRaviVarma MaharanaPratap.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Maharana Pratap]] (1540–1597), Portrait by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]]]Udai wanted his second son [[Jagmal Singh|Jagmal]] to succeed him, but after his death, his eldest son, [[Maharana Pratap|Pratap]] was enthroned by the generals.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=220}} The order of damage inflicted by Mughal forces in 1568 to Chittor meant that Pratap was not willing to make any concessions to Akbar. He saw Mughals as invaders who were resisted by his father and grandfather.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=220-221}} Within 1 year, diplomatic missions by top Mughal officials like [[Man Singh]], [[Bhagwant Das]], [[Todar Mal]] failed to convince Pratap to accept Mughal dominance, appear in Mughal court, pay tribute and enlist as a [[Mansabdar]].{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=223}}<br /> <br /> ====Battle of Haldighati====<br /> {{Main|Battle of Haldighati|Battle of dewair 1582}}<br /> <br /> Pratap soon started to prepare for a big battle. He retired from his fortress until Chittor was recaptured, forbade the use of silver and gold in the kingdom, and forbade sowing of crops to prevent Mughal forces from acquiring supplies from his own land.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=224}} The big battle came in the form of the [[Battle of Haldighati]] with Akbar sending [[Man Singh]] against the forces of Mewar headed by Pratap.<br /> <br /> Pratap first attacked on the center wing of the army which forced Mughals to retreat.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006|pp=469-470}} Mewar army was also able to break the left and right wing of the Mughal Army. It was appearing that Mewar would win but slowly Mewari army started getting exhausted and Mihtar Khan on the Mughal side started beating the kettle-drums and spread a rumour about the arrival of the Emperor's army reinforcements,&amp;lt;ref name=JS&amp;gt;{{Cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938|publisher=Orient Longman|year=1984|isbn=9788125003335|pages=52|url=}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{sfn|Chandra|2006|p=120}}{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=229}}{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=227-229}} which raised the morale of the Mughal army and turned the battle in their favour.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=227-229}} The Mewari soldiers starting deserting in large numbers, finding the day lost and eventually Pratap was injured and had to leave the battlefield.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=227-228}} A Jhala chieftain called Man Singh took the Rana's place and donned some of his royal emblems by which the Mughals mistook him for the Rana. Man Singh Jhala was eventually killed, however his act of bravery gave the Rana enough time to safely retreat.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006|pp=469-470}}<br /> <br /> Next year in 1577, Akbar's forces under Shahbaz Khan attacked the fort of Kumbhalgarh, one of the most important forts for the Rajputs. During the fierce siege, Pratap had to leave the fort to his generals who defended it till April 1578 and lost to the Mughals after a heavy fight.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=235-237}} After the fall of Kumbhalgarh, Pratap was chased by Shahbaz khan for several years, trying to capture him but he escaped multiple times. It was later through his general [[Bhamashah]]'s help, that he was able to replenish his army.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=237-239}}<br /> <br /> ====Battle of Dewair====<br /> After a few years preparations, Prataps son prince [[Amar Singh I|Amar]] was able to defeat Mughal Commander Sultan Ghori at the Battle of Dewair in 1582 and Kumbhalgarh was taken by Pratap from Abdullah Khan in 1583.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=239}} Over the next few years, Akbars pursuit for Pratap loosened and he started focusing on his own empire. Pratap was able to capture all important forts in Mewar except Chittorgarh and Mandalgarh which remained under his reign for the rest of his life. He died in 1597.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=240-241}}<br /> <br /> === Amar Singh ===<br /> [[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Maharana Amar Singh - I.jpg|left|thumb|[[Amar Singh I]] was the Rana who signed the treaty with the Mughals]]<br /> Pratap's 38-year-old son [[Amar Singh I|Amar]] succeeded him. In 1600, his kingdom was invaded by Akbar's son [[Jahangir|Salim]] in which Mughals were defeated and their top generals like Sultan Khan Ghori were killed. Akbar tried to make another attempt to invade Mewar in 1605 but the invasion was cut short by his death.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=243-245}} After Akbar, his son Salim succeeded as [[Jahangir]] and sent a large force under his son Parviz to invade Mewar. To defend against Parviz, Amar built a new capital at Chawand, a hilly location in Mewar. Then preparations were made to defend against the Mughals. In 1606, in the Battle of Diwair, Mughals were badly defeated.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=245-246}} During this time, Amar' son Sagar defected from Rajputs to Mughals and was appointed at Chittor by Jahangir.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=246}} In 1608, a massive army under Mahabat Khan was sent to Mewar through Mandal and Chittor. This army was badly defeated and had to retreat because of continuous raids by Rajput forces.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=247-248}} In 1609, Mahabat Khan was replaced with Abdullah Khan who was able to defeat Mewar in several battles from 1609 to 1611. In an attack by Abdullah Khan, Amar Singh was forced to abandon the capital of Chawand.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=248-249}}<br /> <br /> The Mughals continued to chase the Maharana for several years but no one was able to capture the Rana. After this, in 1613, Jahangir himself came to Rajputana to supervise the campaign. His son [[Shah Jahan|Khurram]] led the campaign on the ground. Rajputs were easily able to seek refuge in the hilly tracks of Rajputana and the Mughals largely failed to penetrate it. They were finally able to penetrate it in 1614 when they engaged with Mewar forces and established outposts. Many attempts were made by Jahangir to make settlements with the Maharana and the final attempt in 1615 succeeded when Amar Singh agreed to meet with Prince Khurram.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=252-255}}<br /> <br /> ==== Treaty with Mughals ====<br /> In February 1615, Khurram and Amar Singh met in Gogundah. Tributes were exchanged between the Maharana and the Prince. Following terms were accepted by both the parties.<br /> *Maharana's eldest son would serve under the Emperor.<br /> *Maharana would provide a 1000 horsemen contingent in the Mughal Army.<br /> *Maharana would never try to return to Chittorgarh.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=255}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Ranks were provided to Maharana's heir [[Karan Singh II|Karan]]. Other official honors and ranks were also exchanged. Jahangir got marble statues of Amar and Karan Singh constructed in Deccan and installed in a garden in Agra.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=256-257}}<br /> * No [[Political marriages in India|martial alliance]] with Mughals.<br /> <br /> Throughout the rest of his life, Amar spent time in Udaipur, making administrative reforms to his kingdom and restoring it. He died in 1620 at the age of 60.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=258}}<br /> <br /> == Mewar in the Mughal Period ==<br /> {{Main|Rathore rebellion (1679–1707)|Rajput Rebellion (1708–1710)}}<br /> <br /> [[Karan Singh II|Karan]] succeeded his father Amar in 1620. He reformed his kingdom and repaired several temples including the [[Ranakpur Jain temple]] damaged by Mughal commanders.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=260}} Karan also helped prince Khurram and gave him refuge when he had rebelled against his father in 1623. Karan also supported Mahabat Khan, who rebelled against Jahangir. Khurram stayed for 4 months and exchanged turbans with the Maharana which is still stored in Pratap Museum. When Jahangir died in 1627, Khurram passed through Mewar and met with Karan again. Khurram was crowned the Mughal emperor as [[Shah Jahan]]. Karan died 2 months later.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=261-262}}<br /> <br /> After Karan's death, his son [[Jagat Singh I|Jagat]] succeeded him in 1628. He was sent a robe of honor by Shah Jahan.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=264}} Jagat invaded [[Dungarpur]] because it enlisted itself in the Mughal [[Mansabdar|Mansabdari system]]. In the resulting war, Dungarpur lost and its ruler was killed.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=264-265}} He oversaw the construction of the famous [[Jag Mandir]] during his reign.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=269-270}}<br /> <br /> ===Spoiled relations with Mughals===<br /> [[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Maharana Raj Singh - I.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Raj Singh I|Maharana Raj Singh]] (1629–1680)]]<br /> Jagat Singh died after a 24 year long reign and was succeeded by his son [[Raj Singh I|Raj]]. Towards the end of Jagat's reign, Mughal-Mewar relations had been strained. Shah Jahan sent a robe of honor for Raj Singh as well but the relations could not be restored. Raj continued making restorations to the Chittor fort, going against the Mughal-Mewar treaty of 1615.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=272}} Maharana had constructed walls around the fort and had reduced the contingent size given to the Mughals. Maharana then sent a diplomatic mission to the Mughals to settle the issue. But eventually Shah Jahan ordered his son [[Aurangzeb]] and grandson Mahmud to invade Chittor and demolish the new wall in 1654. Eventually Shah Jahan withdrew Mughal forces and letters of settlement and assurances were exchanged.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=273-275}}<br /> <br /> ====War of succession====<br /> <br /> In 1658, the Mughal war of succession was going on and Raj Singh took an advantage and invaded the Mughals and successfully loot and plunder in adjacent areas.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=276-277}} Throughout the war, Raj Singh remained neutral among the fighting brothers but he disliked Dara Shikoh and liked [[Aurangzeb]]. He maintained contact and good relations with Prince Aurangzeb and sent his emissaries when Aurangzeb won the war of succession.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=276-277}} After the war of succession, Raj Singh was able to win the favor of Aurangzeb and was awarded territories of Mandal and Bansawara and he was granted ranks.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=278-279}}<br /> <br /> In 1658, Raj Singh embarked on his own expeditions using pretence of a ceremonial &quot;Tikadaur&quot;, traditionally taken in enemy land. The Maharana swooped down on various Mughal posts in 1658. Levies were imposed on outposts and tracts like [[Mandalgarh|Mandal]], Banera, [[Shahpura, Bhilwara|Shahpura]], Sawar, [[Jahazpur]], Phulia etc. which were then under Mughal control, and some areas were annexed. He next attacked pargana of [[Malpura]], [[Tonk, India|Tonk]], Chatsu, Lalsot and [[Sambhar Lake Town|Sambhar]]. He expanded the Mewar kingdom to bigger heights than before.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Gopinath|title=Rajasthan Ka Itihas|isbn=978-81-930093-9-0|location=Agra|pages=278}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006|p=617}}{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=281-282}}[[File:Udaipur Lake Palace.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Lake Palace]] in [[Lake Pichola]]]]<br /> <br /> Mughal Mewar relations worsened further when in 1660, Raj Singh eloped with ''Charumati'', who was going to be married to Aurangzeb. This was seen as a hostile act and several territories were confiscated from Mewar. Attempts were made to stop this confiscation but were ultimately failed. He later also participated in [[Rajput War (1679–1707)]] and defeated [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ&amp;amp;q=history+of+rajasthan+hooja |title=A HISTORY OF RAJASTHAN (PB) |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa &amp;amp; Company |isbn=978-81-291-1501-0 |pages=595–610 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ====Oppressions of Hindus====<br /> When in the 1660s, Aurangzeb ordered demolitions of several important Hindu temples, Raj Singh made several efforts to secure safety of Hindu Symbols. Famous symbols rescued include the [[Shrinathji]] installed in ''Nathawada'' in Udaipur in 1662.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=280-282}} In 1679, when ''Jaziya'' was imposed on non-Muslims in the Mughal empire, Raj Singh possibly protested against Aurangzeb by writing him a letter. Such events further spoiled relations with the Mughal emperor. During this period, Maharana continued to raid and loot adjacent territories.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=283-284}}<br /> <br /> ====Rajput-Mughal war 1679 - 1707====<br /> [[File:Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg|left|thumb|267x267px|Aurangzeb, the reason of a long-standing conflict of Mughals with Mewar]]<br /> During the 1670s, Aurangzeb was engaging with his rivals, the Rathores. In 1679, Raj granted 12 villages to [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh Rathore]]. Aurangzeb begged Raj to remain loyal to him and not support Ajit, but this was not heeded by Raj Singh.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=285-287}}<br /> <br /> Aurangzeb sent multiple of his generals to fight with the Rana but Raj Singh defeated all of them and then Aurangzeb himself came down to the battleground.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=286}} On the suggestion of his war council, Raj depopulated Udaipur and abandoned the city. In January 1680, Mughals reached Udaipur and damaged the city heavily. A major force of Mughals under Hasan Ali Khan was defeated at Nainwara. Finding it difficult to defeat Rajputs in hilly tracks, Aurangzeb left Udaipur in 1680.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=288-290}} Raj Singh carried out sudden raids on Mughal and Malwa forces keeping them terrified.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=291}} Such raids often created heavy disruption in Mughal forces.<br /> <br /> At the height of the Rajput-Mughal war in 1680, Raj Singh died, possibly due to poisoning by Aurangzeb loyalists or by illness and fever.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=294}} He was succeeded by his son [[Jai Singh of Mewar|Jai Singh]].{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=298}} Under Jai, sudden attacks on Mughals continued. Mughal forces under Dilair Khan were defeated by Mewar in the same year.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=298-299}}<br /> <br /> Raj had made attempts to sponsor a rebellion in the Mughal empire by tempting [[Aurangzeb]]'s son [[Muhammad Akbar (Mughal prince)|Akbar]]. His attempt was cut short by his death, but was successfully carried out by Jai in 1681. Aurangzeb overcame this by writing a false letter to his son telling him to continue deceitful collaboration with Rajputs in order to destroy them. This was intercepted by Rajputs who were tricked into believing that Akbar's alliance with them was a hoax and distanced themselves with him.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=299-300}} Soon, in the same year, Aurangzeb was able to strike a settlement with Jai through his son [[Azam Shah|Muhammad Azam]] to prevent the Akbar's rebellion to grow big.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=300}}&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Panagariya_political_history&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Panagariya |first1=B.L. |last2=Pahariya |first2=N.C. |title=Political, socio-economic and cultural history of Rajasthan (Earliest times to 1947) |date=1947 |publisher=Panchsheel Prakashan |location=Jaipur |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.136250/ |access-date=2 May 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 1681, Jai Singh agreed to pay Jaziya, send a contingent to the deccan under the Mughals and they were granted several territories in adjacent regions in a meeting with Muhammad Azam. Following the settlement, ranks and honors were exchanged.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=302-303}} Jai Singh was not handed the possession of the granted territories and over the next one decade, he would penalize the emperor by stopping the payment of Jaziya and the Aurangzeb would penalize him for defaulting on Jaziya in other instances by taking away other territories.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=303-305}}<br /> <br /> Jai died in 1698 and his son [[Amar Singh II]] succeeded him in 1699. In 1699, right after Amar Singh II ascended to the throne, he invaded Durganpur, Bansawara and Devaliya. Rulers of these regions appealed to Mughal court for justice but in most cases, Maharana prevailed.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=307-310}}<br /> <br /> In 1707, Aurangzeb died and his sons started the war of succession. During this war, Amar supported Prince Muazzam who later won the war and was crowned [[Bahadur Shah I]].{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Taking advantage of the war, Amar also captured the granted cities that were under Mughal control like Pur, Mandal and Shahpura.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=314-315}}<br /> <br /> ===Triple alliance against the Mughals===<br /> [[File:Maharana Amar Singh II.jpg|thumb|Amar Singh, ruler Mewar during the peak of the Mughal-Mewar wars]]<br /> After the war of succession, [[Bahadur Shah I]] tried to get hold of the states of Amber and Marwar. These states had captured significant territories after Aurangzeb's death in 1707. Bahadur Shah was able to take the Marwar state without any resistance but had to take Jodhpur and the Amber state with force. He then chased Amar Singh II into Mewar territory.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=315-317}}{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Amar Singh made a matrimonial alliance with [[Sawai Jai Singh]] of Amber by marrying his daughter ''Chandrakumari'' with him.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=317-318}} Amar Singh, Ajit Singh and Jai Singh made a triple alliance to take back Amber and Marwar.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} The combined Rajput forces of the alliance attempted to capture Amber in 1708 but failed. They also attempted to capture Jodhpur and succeeded.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=318-319}}<br /> <br /> ====Battle of Sambhar====<br /> Soon, the battle of Sambhar was fought in which major Mughal commanders were killed and Rajputs won. Pur and Mandal were recaptured by Mewar. As a result of this battle, states of Amber and Marwar were restored but the rulers were posted in Gujarat and Kabul which they denied to follow.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=319-320}}<br /> <br /> Soon after the settlement, in 1709, Ajit Singh, Jai Singh and Amar Singh started to prepare for a large war with the Mughals with 70,000 cavalry to quell their deployments in Gujarat and Kabul. Bahadur Shah tried to persuade them to not start a war and at the height of negotiations, Amar Singh II died.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=321}} He was succeeded by his son [[Sangram Singh II]].<br /> <br /> ===Battle with Ranabaaz Khan===<br /> Right after coronation of Sangram II, Bahadur Shah granted the territories of Mandal and Pur to one Ranabaaz Khan Mewati.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Sangram did not give the possession of these territories to Mewati which lead to the [[Battle of Bandanwara]] in 1711. In the resulting battle, Mewati was killed and Sangram retained Mandal and Pur.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=324}} Any retaliatory action by Bahadur Shah I were cut short by his death in 1712.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=325}}<br /> <br /> Soon, a war of succession broke between the sons of Bahadur Shah and eventually the only surviving son, [[Jahandar Shah]] became Emperor but only for 8 months, and was defeated and killed by his cousin [[Farrukhsiyar]] with the help of the Sayyid Brothers.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=325}}<br /> <br /> ==Decline of Mughal Empire==<br /> [[File:Maharana Jagat Singh II.jpg|left|thumb|[[Jagat Singh II]] who made an alliance with Marathas, which eventually led to its financial devastation.]]<br /> Soon, Sangram made good relations with Farrukhsiyar and honors were exchanged per the traditions.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=325}} Sangram extracted heavy tributes from these rulers.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=326-329}} He was also allowed to mint his own coins in 1713.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}<br /> <br /> == Maratha influence ==<br /> <br /> === Resistance ===<br /> Starting from 1711, during Sangram's reign, the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] started raiding into the Rajputana in the states of [[Dungarpur State|Dungarpur]], [[Banswara State|Banswara]], and [[Bundi State|Bundi]]. They were driven off in their first attempts. Several attempts to form united fronts against such raids throughout 1710s and 1720s failed.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=331-333}}&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Mathur_Feudal&quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=Tej Kumar |title=Feudal polity in Mewar |date=1987 |publisher=Publication Scheme |location=Jaipur and Indore}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2021}} Sangram II died in 1734 and was succeeded by his son [[Jagat Singh II]].{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=335}} To counter the Marathas, Maharana Jagat Singh of Mewar convened a conference of Rajput rulers in Hurda in 1734, but no agreement materialised.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=336-337}}&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Mathur_Feudal&quot; /&amp;gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2021}} In 1735, Mughals tried to defend against the Maratha penetration by sending a force under [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Qamar uddin]] but failed and Marathas reached Jaipur.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=337}}<br /> <br /> === Subordinance ===<br /> [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I]] attempted to persuade Jagat to settle terms of [[Chauth]], a tributary tax but such attempts failed. However, Jagat continued to pay a sum of money equivalent to the revenue of one territory to [[House of Holkar|Holkar]]s, the province of Marathas.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=338-339}} In February 1736, the Peshwa arranged a friendly visit to Maharana Jagat and met him at Udaipur. During this meeting, he was able to secure chauth from the Maharana. Hence friendly relations were established between Marathas and Mewar.{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=340-341}}{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} With the help of the [[Holkars]], Jagat was able to secure the throne of Jaipur for his relative [[Madho Singh I|Madho Singh]].{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} In 1750, [[Ishwari_Singh_of_Jaipur | Ishwari Singh]], the other contender for the throne committed suicide under the financial pressure by the Marathas and Madho Singh was able to capture the throne completely. Madho was able to stay afloat because of heavy investment by Jagat Singh.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}<br /> <br /> === Financial devastation ===<br /> [[File:Bhim Singh of Mewar.jpg|thumb|Bhim Singh aligned Mewar with the British]]<br /> Jagat Singh died in 1751 and his imprisoned son [[Pratap Singh II|Pratap]] but he could rule only for 3 years and died in 1754 and was succeeded by his young son [[Raj Singh II|Raj]].{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|pp=343}}{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} During his rule, Maratha's continuous and increasing demand for tribute financially destroyed Mewar. Raj could only rule for 7 years and died without an heir.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Such financial devastation continued under his uncle [[Ari Singh II|Ari's]] rule, under whom, Mewar was raided by the Marathas many times from 1761 to 1773.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}<br /> <br /> After Ari's death in 1773, his underaged son [[Hamir Singh II|Hamir]] became the Maharana and under him, a lot of power rested in the hands of his mother ''Sadar Kanwar'' and her trusted assistant ''Ram Pyari''.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Hammir died in 1778 and was succeeded by his brother [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Bhim]].{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} During Bhim's reign, Mewar was raided multiple times by the [[Pindari]]s, an unregulated military.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}<br /> <br /> === War over Bhim Singh's daughter ===<br /> Bhim Singh's daughter [[Krishna Kumari (princess)|Krishna Kumari]] was initially engaged to [[Bhim Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Bhim Singh of Marwar]]{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} but then Maharana Bhim's wife, a Jaipur princess, suggested Krishna to be married to Jaipur ruler [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Sawai Jagat Singh]].{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006|pp=798}}<br /> <br /> == Princely State to accession in India ==<br /> [[File:Colonel James Tod.jpg|left|thumb|328x328px|James Tod, the political agent of Udaipur to the EIC from 1818 to 1822]]<br /> By 1818, the armies of [[House of Holkar|Holkar]], [[Scindia]], and [[Tonk State|Tonk]] had plundered [[Mewar]], pauperising Bhim Singh.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Gupta_Bakshi&quot; /&amp;gt; As early as 1805, [[Bhim Singh of Mewar|Maharana Bhim Singh]] of Mewar approached the [[East India Company]] (EIC) for assistance but the Treaty of 1803 with [[Shinde|Scindia]] prevented the British from entertaining the request.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Gupta_Bakshi&quot; /&amp;gt; But by 1817, the British too were anxious to have alliances with Rajput rulers and the Treaty of Friendship, Alliances and Unity was concluded between Mewar and EIC on 13 January 1818.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;Gupta_Bakshi&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC|title=Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through the Ages Vol. 5|publisher=Sarup and Sons|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|editor-last=Gupta|editor-first=R.K.|location=New Delhi|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC/page/n72 64]|editor-last2=Bakshi|editor-first2=S.R.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/collectionoftrea014371mbp|title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries Vol. III|last=Aitchison|first=C.U.|publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India|year=1909|location=Calcutta|pages=[https://archive.org/details/collectionoftrea014371mbp/page/n130 10]–32}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> After the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] and under the treaty, the British Government agreed to protect the territory of Mewar, in return for which Mewar acknowledged British supremacy and agreed to abstain from political associations with other states and to pay one-fourth of its revenues as tribute for 5 years, and three-eight in perpetuity.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&amp;gt;{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Col. [[James Tod]] was appointed as the Political agent of Udaipur to the EIC and he worked to reestablish the Maharana as the central figure in the region.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} His ''kaulnama'' of 1818 established the Maharana as the &quot;absolute supremacy&quot; among his chiefs.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Col Tod remained the Political Agent from 1818 to 1822 and resigned citing ill health.{{sfn|Freitag|2009|pp=37-40}}<br /> <br /> Under the EIC, within three years, revenue of Mewar increase by more than double.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Still, this revenue could not save Mewar. By Bhim Singh's death in 1828, and his son [[Jawan Singh]]'s accession in the same year, Mewar had gone bankrupt. Mewar had also racked a lot of debt from the EIC.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} Jawan Singh was mostly interested in consumption of alcohol and less in administration.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} He died in 1838 leaving no heir and his throne, after a long discussion among senior nobles, was offered to Sardar Singh, the great-grandson of Maharana Sangram Singh II from his son Nath Singh of [[Bagore]].{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}<br /> <br /> Sardar Singh heavily cracked down on the supporters of his contender, Sardul Singh, and imprisoned many of those supporters.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} He died soon in 1842 and was succeeded by his brother Swarup Singh.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} He made several administrative reforms which also led to improvement in the financial situation.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} He also abolished ''sati'' in Mewar.{{Sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} He extended help to the EIC during the 1857 revolt by giving shelter to distressed European families and by cracking down on the supporters of the revolt in Mewar.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}}<br /> <br /> Swarup died in 1861 and was succeeded by his nephew [[Shambhu Singh]] who was a minor at the time. British applied their regency policy on him and appointed regency council. This council brought some reforms like abolishing ''begaar'' and selling of children and women.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} The Legal system was tweaked to be more like the western system and new roads were built.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} in 1865, when British handed over control back to Shambhu Singh, the financial position of Mewar was much better.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006}} He further reformed the region till the end of his reign in 1874. A new legal code was introduced in Mewar in 1870.{{sfn|Rima Hooja|2006|pp=809}}<br /> <br /> A constitution for Udaipur State was adopted on 23 May 1947.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |last=Darda |first=D.S. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.458453 |title=From Feudalism to Democracy |publisher=S. Chand &amp;amp; Co. (Pvt.) Ltd. |location=New Delhi}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> == List of Maharanas ==<br /> {{Main|List of ranas of Mewar}}<br /> <br /> {{Mewar family tree}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Kingdom of Marwar]]<br /> *[[Rajputana]]<br /> *[[Mewar Residency]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite journal |author=Nandini Sinha |title=A Study of the Origin Myths Situating the Guhilas in the History of Mewar (A.D. Seventh to Thirteenth Centuries) |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=52 |publisher=Indian History Congress |year=1991 |pages=63–71 |jstor=44142569 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Ram Vallabh Somani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |publisher=Mateshwari |year=1976 |oclc=2929852 }}<br /> * {{citation|first=Satish|last=Chandra|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1206–1526)|volume=2|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|date=2006|isbn=9788124110669|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |title=Ancient India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120804364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&amp;amp;pg=PA327 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |chapter=Northern India During The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries |editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=The Struggle for Empire |series=The History and Culture of the Indian People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQtuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |oclc=26241249 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Krishna Narain Seth |title=The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4dAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Progress |year=1978 }}<br /> * {{Cite book|author=Rima Hooja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ |title=A history of Rajasthan |year=2006| publisher=Rupa &amp;amp; Co. |isbn=9788129108906 |language=en |oclc=80362053}}<br /> * {{cite book |title=Serving empire, serving nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan |first=Jason |last=Freitag |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-17594-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ib93BhAu43gC |access-date=2011-07-27}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * ''The Kingdom of Mewar: great struggles and glory of the world's oldest ruling dynasty'', by Irmgard Meininger. D.K. Printworld, 2000. {{ISBN|81-246-0144-5}}.<br /> * ''Costumes of the rulers of Mewar: with patterns and construction techniques'', by Pushpa Rani Mathur. Abhinav Publications, 1994. {{ISBN|81-7017-293-4}}.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Commons category-inline|Kingdom of Mewar}}<br /> <br /> {{Coord|24.58|N|73.68|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}<br /> {{Princely states of India}}<br /> {{Udaipur}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mewar, Kingdom of}}<br /> [[Category:Kingdom of Mewar| ]]<br /> [[Category:Princely states of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Rajput history]]<br /> [[Category:States and territories established in 1818]]<br /> [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1949]]<br /> [[Category:8th-century establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:1818 establishments in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu states]]<br /> [[Category:Mewar|*]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudha_Murty&diff=473350 2026-03-10T21:16:47Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Member of Rajya Sabha (born 1950)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Sudha Murty<br /> | image = Sudha Murty at Jaipur Literature Festival 2026 01.jpg<br /> | caption = Murty in 2026<br /> | image_size = <br /> | birth_name = Sudha Ramchandra Kulkarni<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1950|08|19}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Shiggaon]], [[Bombay State]], India&lt;br&gt;(present-day [[Karnataka]])<br /> | office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]<br /> | term_start = {{Start date|2024|03|08|df=yes}}<br /> | constituency = [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]] {{small|(Philanthropy, Literature &amp; Education)}}<br /> | nominator = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[N. R. Narayana Murthy]]|1978}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.citehr.com/17449-love-story-narayana-murthy-sudha.html#:~:text=WE%20WERE%20MARRIED%20IN%20MURTY'S,POOLING%20IN%20RS%20400%20EACH.|title=Love Story Of Narayana Murthy And Sudha|website=CiteHR |date=14 November 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | children = [[Akshata Murty]] (daughter)&lt;br /&gt;[[Rohan Murty]] (son)<br /> | relatives = [[Shrinivas Kulkarni]] (brother)&lt;br&gt;Sunanda Kulkarni (sister)&lt;br /&gt;[[Gururaj Deshpande]] (brother-in-law)&lt;br /&gt;[[Rishi Sunak]] (son-in-law)<br /> | alma_mater = [[KLE Technological University]] ([[Bachelor of Engineering|BE]])&lt;br /&gt;[[Indian Institute of Science]] ([[Master of Engineering|ME]])<br /> | party = [[Independent politician|Nominated]]<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Educator|author|philanthropist}}<br /> | awards = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Padma Shri]] (2006)|[[Daana Chintamani Attimabbe Award]]|[[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] (2023)|[[Padma Bhushan]] (2023)}}<br /> | module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes<br /> | organisation = [[Infosys Foundation]]<br /> | notable_works = {{Unbulleted_list|''[[Mahashweta]]'' (2000)|''[[Dollar Bahu]]'' (2003)|''[[How I Taught My Grandmother to Read]]'' (2004)<br /> |website= https://Sudhamurty.com<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sudha Murty''' ({{nee|'''Kulkarni'''}}; born 19 August 1950) is an Indian educator, author, and philanthropist. She is the Founder-Chairperson of the non-profit charitable organization [[Infosys Foundation]]. She is married to the co-founder of [[Infosys]], [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]]. In 2024, Murty was nominated as [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] on 8 March 2024 for her contribution to social work and education. Murty was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award in India, for social work by the [[Government of India]] in 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sudha Murty Profile – Write India Season 2 Author |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/writeindia/season-2/writeindiaauthor/57083841.cms |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2023, she was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-01-25 |title=Full list of 2023 Padma awards |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-2023-padma-awards-mulayam-singh-yadav-sm-krishna-zakir-hussain-kumar-mangalam-birla-among-recipients/article66433516.ece |access-date=2023-01-26 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sudha Murty began her professional career in computer science and engineering. She is a member of the public health care initiatives of the [[Gates Foundation]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tata.com/company/Media/inside.aspx?artid=v1rSpAy0c20= Ratan Tata, Rahul Dravid on Gates Foundation board] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522221452/http://tata.com/company/Media/inside.aspx?artid=v1rSpAy0c20= |date=22 May 2013 }}. ''tata.com''. 15 July 2003. Retrieved 8 December 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-12-31 |title=The Hindu : Gates Foundation's AIDS initiative launched |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/06/stories/2003120609520800.htm |access-date=2022-05-02 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031231111353/http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/06/stories/2003120609520800.htm |archive-date=31 December 2003 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has founded several orphanages, participated in [[rural development]] efforts, supported the movement to provide all [[Karnataka]] government schools with computer and library facilities, and established [[Murty Classical Library of India]] at [[Harvard University]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2010 |title=Murty family gift establishes Murty Classical Library of India series |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2010/04/murty-family-gift-establishes-murty-classical-library-of-india-series/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Harvard Gazette |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murthy, wife gift Harvard $5.2 mn to publish Indian classics – Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/murthy-wife-gift-harvard--5.2-mn-to-publish-indian-classics/607637/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=R |first=Prerna |date=2011-01-23 |title=Sudha Murthy: Humility personified |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/sudha-murthy-humility-personified-111012300060_1.html |access-date=2022-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-12-02 |title=I'm enjoying my acting stint: Sudha Murthy – The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Im-enjoying-my-acting-stint-Sudha-Murthy/articleshow/10402044.cms |access-date=2022-05-02 |website= [[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231103/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-18/news-interviews/30296207_1_sudha-murthy-narayan-murthy-drama-festival |archive-date=2 December 2013 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murty Classical Library of India |url=https://www.murtylibrary.com/ |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=www.murtylibrary.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Murty is best known for her philanthropy and her contribution to literature in Kannada and English. ''Dollar Bahu'' ({{lit.|Dollar Daughter-in-Law}}), a novel originally authored by her in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and later translated into English as ''Dollar Bahu,'' was adapted as a [[Dollar Bahu|televised dramatic series]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Why Sudha Murty feels men should be better at household work than women |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/love-sex/why-sudha-murthy-feels-men-should-be-better-at-household-work-than-women/articleshow/93525552.cms |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; by [[Zee TV]] in 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum – Article |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010930/spectrum/main5.htm |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Runa'' ({{lit.|Debt}}), a story by Sudha Murty was adapted as a Marathi film, ''[[Pitruroon]]'' by director [[Nitish Bharadwaj|Nitish Bhardwaj]]. Sudha Murty has also acted in the film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Author Murthy makes acting debut with Pitruroon – Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/author-murthy-makes-acting-debut-with-pitruroon/1204533/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as a Kannada film ''Prarthana''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sudha Murty makes cameo appearance in Kannada movie |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sudha-murty-makes-cameo-appearance-in-kannada-movie/articleshow/61815761.cms?from=mdr |access-date=8 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2017 |title=Acting in films isn't easy, says Sudha Murthy after playing cameo in Kannada film |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/acting-films-isnt-easy-sudha-murthy-72472 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Sudha Murty was born to a [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-speaking family on 19 August 1950 in [[Shiggaon]], [[Haveri district]] in [[Mysore State]] (present-day [[Karnataka]]), India, the daughter of R. H. Kulkarni, a surgeon, and his wife Vimala Kulkarni, a schoolteacher. She was raised by her parents and maternal grandparents. These childhood experiences form the historical basis for her first notable work entitled ''How I Taught My Grandmother to Read, Wise and Otherwise and Other Stories''.&lt;ref name=&quot;charityfocus1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Mrs. Narayan Murthy |url=http://nipun.servicespace.org/inspire/infosys.html |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=nipun.servicespace.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murty completed a [[Bachelor of Engineering|BEng]] in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the [[B.V.B. College of Engineering &amp; Technology]] (now known as KLE Technological University), and then a [[Master of Engineering|MEng]] in Computer Science from the [[Indian Institute of Science]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2015 |title=Nobody believed I was an IISc graduate: Sudha Murty |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150628/nation-current-affairs/article/nobody-believed-i-was-iisc-graduate-sudha-murty |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last= |date=3 July 2015 |title=One woman, many roles |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/in-school/signpost/one-woman-many-roles/article7382659.ece |access-date=8 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Sudha Murty became the first female engineer hired at India's largest auto manufacturer [[TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company]] (TELCO).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Digita |first=Et now |date=6 June 2021 |title=Throwback: When Sudha Murthy's letter to JRD Tata led her to become 1st woman engineer to work for TELCO |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/companies/article/throwback-when-sudha-murthys-letter-to-jrd-tata-led-her-to-become-1st-woman-engineer-to-work-for-telco/766917 |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=timesnownews |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She joined the company as a Development Engineer in [[Pune]] and then worked in [[Mumbai]] and [[Jamshedpur]] as well. She had written a postcard to the company's Chairman complaining of the &quot;men only&quot; gender bias at TELCO. As a result, she was granted a special interview and hired immediately.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=S Gautam |date=24 October 2022 |title=Sudha Murthy still fond of Tatas {{!}} Patna News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/sudha-murthy-still-fond-of-tatas/articleshow/26112280.cms |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She later joined [[Walchand group|Walchand Group]] of Industries at Pune as Senior Systems Analyst.<br /> <br /> In 1996, she started [[Infosys Foundation]] and retired in 2020. She also taught at [[Christ University]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Presenting Harmony's silvers – sparkling lives, success stories, accounts of endurance, courage, grit, and passion |url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=501 |website=harmonyindia.org |access-date=2 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025313/http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPageView.jsp?page_id=501 |archive-date=24 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sudha Murty has written and published many books which include novels, non-fiction, travelogues, technical books, and memoirs. Her books have been translated into all major Indian languages. She was a columnist for [[English language|English]] and [[Kannada language|Kannada]] newspapers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 January 2018 |title=On sanitation and heritage restoration: Sudha Murty, Infosys Foundation |work=[[The Economic Times]] | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/on-sanitation-and-heritage-restoration-sudha-murty-infosys-foundation/articleshow/57807577.cms |access-date=8 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Philanthropy ==<br /> {{Main|Infosys Foundation}}<br /> [[File:Sudha murthy.jpg|thumb|250px|Sudha Murty at the Infosys Foundation]]<br /> Murty's [[Infosys Foundation]] is a public charitable trust founded in 1996.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sundar |first=Pushpa |url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199470686.001.0001/acprof-9780199470686 |title=Giving with a Thousand Hands: The Changing Face of Indian Philanthropy |date=2017-02-16 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-947068-6 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199470686.003.0008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Sudha Murty is married to [[Infosys]] co-founder [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Malabika |last=Sarkar |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/murty-not-murthy-my-husband-spells-his-name-wrong-says-sudha-murty-as-she-talks-books-marriage-and-infosys-at-an-authors-afternoon-only-t2-was-there/cid/1563069 |title=Murty, not Murthy – My husband spells his name wrong, says Sudha Murty |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph Online]] | language=en |date=19 February 2015 |access-date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; They married when she was employed as an engineer at TELCO in Pune.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tata.com/article/inside/aIWX4x9jXOU=/TLYVr3YPkMU= JRD's words inspired me in philanthropy: Sudha Murthy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522222152/http://tata.com/company/Media/inside.aspx?artid=aIWX4x9jXOU=|date=22 May 2013}}. tata.com (23 October 2002). Retrieved on 8 December 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; The couple have two children, including fashion designer [[Akshata Murty]], who is married to former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] [[Rishi Sunak]], and [[Rohan Murty]], a computer scientist and founder of enterprise software company [[Soroco]].<br /> <br /> Her siblings include Dr. Sunanda Kulkarni, [[Caltech]] astrophysicist [[Shrinivas Kulkarni]] and Jaishree Deshpande (wife of [[Gururaj Deshpande]]) who co-founded the [[Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation]] at MIT.<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> [[File:Sudha Murthy receives Padma Bhushan.jpg|[[Droupadi Murmu]] presenting the [[Padma Bhushan]] Award to Dr. (Smt.) Sudha Murthy|thumb|250px]]<br /> [[File:The President, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Padma Shri Award to Dr. (Smt.) Sudha Murthy.jpg|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] presenting the [[Padma Shri]] Award to Dr. (Smt.) Sudha Murthy|thumb|250px]]<br /> [[File:Sudha Murthy Award.jpg|Murthy receiving the Raja Lakshmi Award|thumb|250px]]<br /> * 2004: [[Raja-Lakshmi Award]] by [[Sri Raja-Lakshmi Foundation]] in Chennai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2004 |title=Raja-Lakshmi Award for Sudha Murty |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/08/15/stories/2004081501332200.htm |archive-date=5 December 2006 |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205073744/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/08/15/stories/2004081501332200.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2006: India's fourth highest civilian award [[Padma Shri]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India's Finest |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2006/mar/21sld5.htm |website=rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards Dashboard |url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Name=Sudha%20Murty |website=padmaawards.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2006: She also received the R.K. Narayana's Award for Literature.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-08-10 |title=R.K. Narayana's Award for Literature |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/infosys-foundation-chairperson-sudha-murty-achieves-another-milestone/articleshow/15437651.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=EconomicTimes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2010: [[Daana Chintamani Attimabbe Award]] by [[Karnataka Government]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ATTIMABBE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daana Chintamani Attimabbe Awards |url=https://karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State+Awards/Daana+Chintamani+Attimabbe+Awards/en |access-date=5 Nov 2020 |website=Department of Kannada and Culture Official website of Government of Karnataka}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2011: Murty was conferred honorary LL.D (Doctor of Laws) degrees for contributions to promote formal legal education and scholarship in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-03-01 |title=Santosh Hegde, Sudha Murthy to be conferred honorary doctorate |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/55619/santosh-hegde-sudha-murthy-conferred.html |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2013: Basava Shree-2013 Award was presented to Narayan Murty &amp; Sudha Murty for their contributions to society.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Narayana Murthy, Sudha Receive Basava Shree Award |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2014/feb/03/Narayana-Murthy-Sudha-Receive-Basava-Shree-Award-571577.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231143801/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2014/feb/03/Narayana-Murthy-Sudha-Receive-Basava-Shree-Award-571577.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2018 |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2018: Murty received the [[Crossword Book Award|Crossword Book award]] in popular (Non-Fiction) category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 December 2018 |title=Sudha Murthy, Ruskin Bond, Snigdha Poonam among winners of this year's Crossword Book Awards |url=https://scroll.in/latest/906481/sudha-murthy-ruskin-bond-snigdha-poonam-among-winners-of-this-years-crossword-book-awards |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=21 December 2018 |title=Tharoor, Sudha Murthy, Bond, Soha Ali Khan conferred Crossword Book Awards |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/tharoor-sudha-murthy-bond-soha-ali-khan-conferred-crossword-book-awards-118122100412_1.html |access-date=8 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2019: [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur|IIT Kanpur]] awarded her Honorary Degree ([[Honorary degree|''Honoris Causa'']]) of Doctor of Science.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2019 |title=IIT Kanpur honors India's national badminton coach Pullela Gopichand with honorary doctorate degree |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/iit-kanpur-honours-india-s-national-badminton-coach-pullela-gopichand-with-honorary-doctorate-degree-1558639-2019-06-29 |access-date=2020-08-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2023: [[Padma Bhushan]] by the [[Government of India]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-01-25 |title=Full list of 2023 Padma awards |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-2023-padma-awards-mulayam-singh-yadav-sm-krishna-zakir-hussain-kumar-mangalam-birla-among-recipients/article66433516.ece |access-date=2023-01-26 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2023: Sahitya Akademi [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2023: The Global Indian Award,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CIF Award 2023 – Canada India Foundation |url=https://canadaindiafoundation.com/cif-annual-global-indian-award-gala-2023/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; which is worth $50, 000, is given each year to a prominent Indian who has made a major mark in his or her chosen field. Her husband Narayana Murthy too got the same award in 2014, so they became first couple conferred with this award. She donated the sum to the Field Institute ([[University of Toronto]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/world/sudha-murty-is-the-first-woman-to-get-global-indian-award-616583.html|title=Sudha Murthy becomes first woman to get Global Indian Award|last=Bhalla|first=Gursharan|date=2 October 2023|work=Indiatimes|access-date=3 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> === Books ===<br /> <br /> '''Kannada'''<br /> * ''Computer lokadalli (2000)''<br /> * ''Hakkiya Teradali (2003)''<br /> * ''Guttondu Heluve (2006)'' <br /> * ''Saamaanyralli Asaamaanyaru (2006)''<br /> * ''Athirikthe (2007)''<br /> * ''Tumula (2007)''<br /> * ''Yashasvi (2007)''<br /> * ''Runa (2008)''<br /> * ''Sukeshini Mattu Itara Makkala Kathegalu (2008)''<br /> * ''Paridhi (2009)''<br /> * ''Yerilitada Daariyalli (2017)''<br /> * ''Kaveri inda Mekaangige''<br /> * ''Nooniya Sahasagalu''<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Marathi'''<br /> <br /> * ''Astitva (2002)''<br /> <br /> '''English'''<br /> * ''Wise and Otherwise'' ''(2002)''<br /> * ''[[Mahashweta]] (2002)''<br /> * ''[[How I Taught My Grandmother to Read]] and Other Stories (2004)''<br /> * ''The Old Man And His God (2006)''<br /> * ''Gently Falls The Bakula (2008)''<br /> * ''The Bird with Golden Wings (2009)''<br /> * ''The Day I Stopped Drinking Milk (2012)''<br /> * ''Grandma's Bag of Stories (2012)''<br /> * ''House of Cards (2013)''<br /> * ''[[Dollar Bahu]] (2013)''<br /> * ''The Magic Drum and Other Favorite Stories (2013)''<br /> * ''The Mother I Never Knew (2014)''<br /> * ''Something Happened on the Way To Heavens (2014)''<br /> * ''The Magic of the Lost Temple (2015)''<br /> * ''The Serpent's Revenge (2016)''<br /> * ''[[Three Thousand Stitches]] (2017)''<br /> * ''The Man from the Egg (2017)''<br /> * ''Here, There, Everywhere (2018)''<br /> * ''The Upside Down King (2018)''<br /> * ''How The Sea Became Salty (2019)''<br /> * ''The Daughter From A Wishing Tree (2019)''<br /> * ''How The Onion got its layers (2020)''<br /> * ''Grandparents Bag of Stories (2020)''<br /> * ''The Gopi Diaries: Coming Home (2020)''<br /> * ''The Gopi Diaries: Finding Love (2021)''<br /> * ''The Sage With Two Horns (2021)''<br /> * ''The Gopi Diaries: Growing Up (2022)''<br /> * ''Common yet uncommon (2023)''<br /> * ''The Magic of the Lost story (2022)''<br /> * ''How to Be Happy with Who You Are (2025)''<br /> * ''The Magic of the Lost Earrings (2025)''<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category|Sudha Murthy}}<br /> * {{OL author}}<br /> * {{LibraryThing author|murtysudha}}<br /> * {{IMDb name}}<br /> {{Rishi Sunak}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}<br /> {{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 2020–2029}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Business|Society}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Murty, Sudha}}<br /> [[Category:1951 births]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women engineers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian engineers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]<br /> [[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Engineers from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:English-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian children's writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian computer scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women children's writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women computer scientists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women engineers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women novelists]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada people]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada-language writers]]<br /> [[Category:Karnatak University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Murthy family]]<br /> [[Category:Novelists from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:People from Haveri district]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Social workers from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Women educators from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Women scientists from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shantha_Mohan&diff=534592 2026-03-10T04:17:28Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up Entry.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian-American Businessperson and writer}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox academic<br /> | name = Shantha Mohan<br /> | birth_place = India<br /> | occupation = [[Business person]], [[Engineer]]<br /> | education = Ph.D, B.E.<br /> | alma_mater = [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[College of Engineering, Guindy]]<br /> | thesis_title = Semilinear programming: applications and implementation<br /> | thesis_url = https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5423805<br /> | doctoral_advisor = [[Gerald L. Thompson]]<br /> |module2 = '''Business background'''<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | child = yes<br /> | organizations = [[Retail Solutions Inc.]], [[Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley]]<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shantha Mohan''' is an [[Indian-American]] [[businessperson]] and a [[writer]]. She is known for cofounding [[Retail Solutions Inc.]] and authoring books on leadership and pioneering Indian Women Engineers. Following retirement, she has been serving as an instructor at [[Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley]],&lt;ref name =&quot;work&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=University |first1=Carnegie Mellon |title=Shantha Mohan - Integrated Innovation Institute - Carnegie Mellon University |url=https://www.cmu.edu/iii/people/faculty-staff/mohan.html |website=www.cmu.edu |access-date=16 May 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; where she teachers career strategies and leadership and mentors students and staff.<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> Shantha Mohan was born in India. She graduated from [[College of Engineering, Guindy]] in 1971 with B.E (Hons) in [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]]. She received her PhD in [[Operations Management]] in 1985 from [[Tepper Business School]], [[Carnegie Mellon University]].&lt;ref name =&quot;work&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After her PhD, she went on to work at Consilium Inc,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=V |first1=Nirupama |title=Women Engineering Pioneers: A Look Back With Dr. Shantha Mohan |url=https://indiacurrents.com/women-engineering-pioneers-a-look-back-with-dr-shantha-mohan/ |website=India Currents |access-date=17 May 2024 |date=7 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was later acquired by [[Applied Materials]]. She worked as VP of Software Engineering with responsibility for the development of [[manufacturing execution systems]] such as FAB300.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Consilium Launches Semiconductor Industry's Most Advanced Fab Management Solution with FAB300 |url=https://ir.appliedmaterials.com/news-releases/news-release-details/consilium-launches-semiconductor-industrys-most-advanced-fab |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517162554/https://ir.appliedmaterials.com/news-releases/news-release-details/consilium-launches-semiconductor-industrys-most-advanced-fab |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2003, she cofounded T3Ci (The Tag Tracking Company) along with Jonathan Golovin, Richard Swan and Peter Rieman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=T3Ci signs RFID analytics pact with Procter &amp; Gamble |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2005/05/t3ci-signs-rfid-analytics-pact-with-procter-gamble/ |website=Mongabay Environmental News |access-date=22 May 2024 |date=23 May 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; It specialized in analyzing [[RFID]] data. But soon after Walmart stopped its mandate of using RFID tags,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Did Wal-Mart love RFID to death? |url=http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/pure-genius/did-wal-mart-love-rfid-to-death/7459 |website=ZDNET |access-date=17 May 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; the company pivoted towards providing software for business intelligence and point-of-sale applications.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Retail Solutions raises $15 million Series C |url=https://vator.tv/news/2010-09-30-retail-solutions-raises-15-million-series-c |website=VatorNews |access-date=22 May 2024 |date=30 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; They established themselves as [[Retail Solutions Inc.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Retail Solutions Data Technology and Analytics {{!}} RSi - Rule the Shelf |url=https://www.retailsolutions.com/ |website=RSi |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516235953/https://www.retailsolutions.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shantha worked as [[chief development officer]] of the company whose customers included over 500 consumer products companies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=IRI Acquires Supply Chain Analytics Provider RSi - Cottrill Research |url=https://cottrillresearch.com/iri-acquires-supply-chain-analytics-provider-rsi/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |date=18 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; She retired in 2016. RSI was acquired by [[Information Resources, Inc.]] in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=IRI Acquires Leading Supply Chain Analytics Provider, RSi |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201008005299/en/IRI-Acquires-Leading-Supply-Chain-Analytics-Provider-RSi |website=www.businesswire.com |access-date=16 May 2024 |language=en |date=8 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following her retirement, she has been serving as an instructor at [[Integrated Innovation Institute]], CMU Silicon Valley.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=University |first1=Carnegie Mellon |title=Shantha Mohan - Integrated Innovation Institute - Carnegie Mellon University |url=https://www.cmu.edu/iii/people/faculty-staff/mohan.html |website=www.cmu.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She contributes to curricula and mentors students' projects.<br /> <br /> == Writing ==<br /> <br /> After her retirement, she has focused on writing books on the role of women in engineering and leadership. ''Roots and Wings'' <br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sengupta |first1=Nandini |title=Women who engineered A PIONEERING PATH |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/women-who-engineered-a-pioneering-path/?source=app&amp;frmapp=yes |website=The Times of India |access-date=16 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; tells the inspiring stories of the first female engineers of India including [[Ayyalasomayajula Lalitha]] who graduated from [[College of Engineering, Guindy]], between 1943 and 1971.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Women in Engineering Day: 9 pioneering women engineers who made history in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/international-women-in-engineering-day-first-women-engineers-in-india-2396989-2023-06-23 |website=India Today |access-date=16 May 2024 |language=en |date=23 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In ''Leadership Lessons with Beatles'', she shared the lessons of leadership &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Chakrapani |first1=Anuj |title=Leadership Lessons Learned From The Beatles |url=https://indiacurrents.com/leadership-lessons-learned-from-the-beatles/ |website=India Currents |date=4 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; from her own experience, relating each lesson to a [[Beatles]] song.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Lessons to learn from The Beatles – DW – 01/01/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/new-years-day-lessons-from-the-beatles/a-60285705 |website=dw.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> <br /> === Books ===<br /> <br /> * {{cite book |last1=Natarajan |first1=Prashant |last2=Rogers |first2=Bob |last3=Dixon |first3=Edward |last4=Christensen |first4=Jonas |last5=Borne |first5=Kirk |last6=Wilkinson |first6=Leland |last7=Mohan |first7=Shantha |title=Demystifying AI for the enterprise: a playbook for business value and digital transformation |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group |location=New York, NY Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon |isbn=9781032145204 |access-date=16 May 2024| url = https://www.routledge.com/Demystifying-AI-for-the-Enterprise-A-Playbook-for-Business-Value-and/Natarajan-Rogers-Dixon-Christensen-Borne-Wilkinson-Mohan/p/book/9781032145204}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Mohan |first1=Shantha |title=Roots and Wings : Inspiring Stories of Indian Women in Engineering |date=31 August 2018 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64429-132-0 |edition=1st |url=https://www.amazon.com/Roots-Wings-Inspiring-Stories-Engineering-ebook/dp/B07GZW1FCF?pldnSite=1 |access-date=16 May 2024}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Mohan |first1=Shantha |title=Leadership Lessons with The Beatles: Actionable Tips and Tools for Becoming Better at Leading |date=3 May 2022 |publisher=Productivity Press |doi=10.4324/9781003267546 |isbn=978-1-003-26754-6 |access-date=16 May 2024| url = https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003267546/leadership-lessons-beatles-shantha-mohan}}<br /> <br /> === Patents ===<br /> <br /> *{{cite patent |country= US |number= 7850081 |inventor= Richard James Swan, Shantha Mohan, David Sun, Alexander Varshavsky, Karthik Mohanram |invent1 = Swan, Richard James |invent2= Mohan, Shantha| invent3 = Sun, David| invent4 = Varshavsky, Alexander|status= patent |title=Apparatus and method for authenticating products |gdate= 2010-12-14|assign1= Fleet Connect Solutions LLC |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7850081}}<br /> *{{cite patent |country= US |number= 8464947B2 |inventor= Richard James Swan, Shantha Mohan, David Sun, Alexander Varshavsky, Karthik Mohanram |invent1 = Swan, Richard James |invent2= Mohan, Shantha| invent3 = Sun, David| invent4 = Varshavsky, Alexander|status= patent |title=System and method for authenticating products |gdate= 2013-06-18|assign1= Fleet Connect Solutions LLC| url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US8464947B2/en}}<br /> *{{cite patent |country= US |number= 7174230 |inventor= John F. Arackaparambil, Tom ChiBilly Chow, Patrick M. D'Souza, Parris Hawkins, Charles Huang, Jett Jensen, Badri N. Krishnamurthy, Pradeep M. Kulkarni, Prakash M. Kulkarni, Wen Fong Lin, Shantha Mohan, Bishnu Nandy, Huey-Shin Yuan | status= patent |title=Computer integrated manufacturing techniques |gdate= 2007-02-06|assign1= Applied Materials Inc| url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US7174230}}<br /> <br /> === Selected papers ===<br /> <br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Aytug |first1=Haldun |last2=Lawley |first2=Mark A. |last3=McKay |first3=Kenneth |last4=Mohan |first4=Shantha |last5=Uzsoy |first5=Reha |title=Executing production schedules in the face of uncertainties: A review and some future directions |journal=European Journal of Operational Research |date=16 February 2005 |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=86–110|doi=10.1016/j.ejor.2003.08.027 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377221703005307 |issn=0377-2217|url-access=subscription }}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Gaimon |first1=Cheryl |last2=Mohan |first2=Shantha |last3=Thompson |first3=Gerald L. |title=A network approach to cohort personnel planning using cross-sectional data |journal=Computers &amp; Operations Research |date=1 January 1987 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=183–196 |doi=10.1016/0305-0548(87)90021-9 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0305054887900219 |issn=0305-0548|url-access=subscription }}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Mohan |first1=Shantha |title=Evolutionary Method of Delivery as Applied to a Large Re-engineering Effort |journal=Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice |date=July 1996 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=269–280 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-908X(199607)8:4&lt;269::AID-SMR133&gt;3.0.CO;2-V |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-908X(199607)8:4&lt;269::AID-SMR133&gt;3.0.CO;2-V|url-access=subscription }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohan, Shantha}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian businesswomen]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yadha_Yadha_Hi&diff=545971 2026-03-08T05:27:56Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up New Stub.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Yadha Yadha Hi<br /> | image = yadhayadhahifilm.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = Ashok Teja<br /> | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Evaru]]''|Venkat Ramji}}<br /> | producer = Rajesh Agarwal<br /> | starring = [[Diganth Manchale]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Vasishta N. Simha]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Hariprriya]]<br /> | cinematography = Yogi<br /> | editing = Srikanth <br /> | music = [[Sricharan Pakala]]&lt;br /&gt;Harshavardhan Raj<br /> | studio = Guys &amp; Dolls Creations<br /> | distributor = Shalini Arts<br /> | released = {{Film date|2023|06|02|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 131 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Yadha Yadha Hi''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Kannada-language]] [[crime thriller film]] directed by Ashok Teja. The film was produced by Rajesh Agarwal under Guys &amp; Dolls Creations. The film stars [[Diganth Manchale]], [[Vasishta N. Simha]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ಮದುವೆ ನಂತರ ತೆರೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲಿದ್ದಾರೆ ವಸಿಷ್ಠ ಸಿಂಹ-ಹರಿಪ್ರಿಯಾ; ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಗೆ ದಿನಾಂಕ ಫಿಕ್ಸ್ |url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/2023/may/23/yada-yada-hi-marks-vasishta-simha-and-hariprriyas-first-on-screen-appearance-after-marriage-494454.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Kannadaprabha |date=23 May 2023 |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ಮದುವೆ ನಂತರ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ತೆರೆಮೇಲೆ ಬರಲಿದ್ದಾರೆ ವಸಿಷ್ಠ ಸಿಂಹ- ಹರಿಪ್ರಿಯಾ; ಯಾವುದು ಈ ಸಿನಿಮಾ? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/hariprriya-diganth-vasishta-simha-starrer-yadha-yadha-hi-kannada-movie-trailer-released/articleshow/100425670.cms |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Hariprriya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hariprriya: I wanted to do Yadha Yadha Hi, but needed Vasishta also in it |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hariprriya-i-wanted-to-do-yadha-yadha-hi-but-knew-id-be-comfortable-only-with-vasishta-also-in-it/db9c669b9f915 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the lead roles, alongside [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], Swathi, and Manju Pavagada in supporting roles. The music was composed by Sricharan Pakalanand Harshavardhan Raj. The film is a remake of 2019 [[Telugu film]] ''[[Evaru]]'', directed by Venkat Ramji, which itself was loosely based on the 2016 Spanish film ''[[The Invisible Guest]]'' (2016) by [[Oriol Paulo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yadha Yadha Hi trailer: Vasishta, Hariprriya, Diganth lead faithful Evaru remake |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/yadha-yadha-hi-trailer-vasishta-n-simha-hariprriya-and-diganth-lead-faithful-evaru-remake/67c824369d218 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Yadha Yadha Hi'' was released on 2 June 2023, to mixed to positive reviews from critics. However, it was a [[commercial failure]] at the box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Netizens disappointed with scene-by-scene recreation of Evaru in Yadha Yadha Hi |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/netizens-disappointed-with-scene-by-scene-recreation-of-evaru-in-yadha-yadha-hi/e3bd1c8589185 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Priyanka Shetty ([[Hariprriya]]), the wife of wealthy businessman Rahul, shoots police officer Aditya Varma ([[Vasishta Simha]]) to death at a resort house in [[Munnar]] and is quickly arrested. The case attracts wide media attention. During police interrogation — and later in a press conference after she is granted bail — Priyanka claims that Aditya raped her before the shooting and insists that she did nothing wrong by killing her rapist.<br /> <br /> Using her wealth and connections, Priyanka bribes a supposedly corrupt police officer, Ashoke Teja ([[Diganth]]), to obtain insider information about the investigation, hoping to better prepare for her court case. Ashoke soon arrives at her house in [[Bangalore]] to speak with her.<br /> <br /> Priyanka claims that she first met Aditya two years ago at a function. However, Ashoke quickly debunks this with his inside knowledge. He presents documents proving that Priyanka and Aditya had known each other since college — and reveals another shocking detail: Rahul, her husband, is actually gay. Ashoke warns her that the prosecution is aware of this and will likely argue that her marriage is one of convenience, while her true lover was Aditya — which would undermine her rape accusation.<br /> <br /> Cornered, Priyanka confesses more. She admits she and Aditya were lovers in college, but she broke up with him due to his anger issues and possessiveness. Years later, they reconnected and began meeting frequently. She considered him just a friend, but Aditya still desired her — and eventually raped her at the resort house.<br /> <br /> At this point, Ashoke receives a phone call about a missing-person case from a year earlier. Curious, Priyanka asks what it is about, and Ashoke explains:<br /> <br /> A year ago, a young man named Adarsh and his mother filed a missing-person report for his father, Avinash Bhat. Ashoke was the officer handling the case. Investigation revealed that Avinash had received several large money transfers before he disappeared. Each time, the transaction was followed by a call from the same phone number — which turned out to belong to a Bangalore police officer named Aditya Varma.<br /> <br /> Adarsh and Ashoke went to Bangalore to confront Aditya, but he drove them away and even threatened to kill Adarsh if he kept investigating. They also saw Priyanka there — whom Adarsh recognized as a woman he and his mother had met earlier, though she used a different name. They concluded that Aditya and Priyanka were involved in Avinash’s disappearance.<br /> <br /> Ashoke now accuses Priyanka of murdering Avinash, showing her a phone he recovered from the same resort house where Avinash vanished — her lost phone.<br /> <br /> Priyanka, again cornered, confesses more:<br /> She admits she had been having an affair with Aditya. On their way to the resort house, their car got into a minor collision with another vehicle — driven by Avinash. This led to a confrontation. Later, Avinash arrived at the resort house, where he found Aditya and Priyanka inside. The house turned out to belong to Avinash, and Aditya was trying to buy it. Recognizing them from the earlier argument, Avinash refused to sell and threatened to expose their affair, knowing Priyanka was married. Despite Priyanka’s pleas, Aditya killed Avinash.<br /> <br /> Sometime later, Priyanka received a blackmail call from someone claiming to know about Avinash’s death. The caller demanded a large amount of money to be left at the same resort house. Priyanka complied, only to find Aditya there as well — also apparently blackmailed by the same person. She begged him to surrender, but he refused. After they had sex, Aditya drew a gun to kill her so she wouldn’t expose him. Priyanka fought back and shot him instead.<br /> <br /> Ashoke doubts her story and presses her for the truth. Priyanka insists she’s telling it. Ashoke then reveals the final twist: the mysterious blackmailer was himself. He was on the phone with Aditya during the confrontation and overheard everything — including that Priyanka was the one who killed Avinash, and that Aditya had been ready to surrender. To protect herself, she killed Aditya too.<br /> <br /> Furious, Priyanka realizes Ashoke has been deceiving her. But he insists he is just a corrupt police that only works for money. He urges her to tell the truth so he can help her in court, asking where she hid Avinash’s body. When she reveals the location, Ashoke pulls out a hidden spy camera that has recorded their entire conversation. Priyanka furiously threatens to kill him, police officers, who have been waiting outside, break in and arrest her.<br /> <br /> It’s then revealed that the “corrupt officer” Priyanka had been talking to was not Ashoke Teja at all — but Adarsh, Avinash’s son, posing as him. The real Ashoke Teja, the police officer, had been outside, leading the operation to extract her confession.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Diganth Manchale]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diganth: Audiences have begun accepting me in different roles |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2023/may/30/diganthaudiences-have-begun-accepting-me-in-different-roles-44025.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=30 May 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Ashok Teja alias Adarsh Bhat<br /> * [[Vasishta N. Simha|Vasishta Simha]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yadha Yadha Hi marks Vasishta Simha and Hariprriya's first on-screen appearance after marriage |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/may/23/yadha-yadha-hi-marks-vasishta-simha-and-hariprriyas-first-on-screen-appearance-after-marriage-43750.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=23 May 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Aditya Varma<br /> * [[Hariprriya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Our friendship started because of mutual admiration for each other's work' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2023/jun/01/our-friendship-started-because-of-mutual-admiration-for-each-others-work-44109.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=June 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Priyanka Shetty<br /> * [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Avinash Bhat<br /> * Manju Pavgada<br /> * Swathi as Avinash Bhat's wife and Adarsh Bhat's mother<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film was initially announced with [[Diganth]] as the lead&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-11-07 |title=Hariprriya and Diganth Manchale begin shooting for Evaru remake |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/hariprriya-and-diganth-manchale-begin-shooting-for-evaru-remake/articleshow/79097874.cms |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;.Later [[Hariprriya]] was on board to play the lead actress, marking her first collaboration with Diganth&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hariprriya to be paired opposite Diganth in Evaru remake |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/sep/09/hariprriya-to-be-paired-opposite-diganth-in-evaru-remake-20165.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=8 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.The other male lead was earlier offered to [[Prabhu Mundkur]] but the actor walked away citing dates issues.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-10-14 |title=Hariprriya heads back to the set with film opposite Diganth and Prabhu Mundkur |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/hariprriya-heads-back-to-the-set-with-film-opposite-diganth-and-prabhu-mundkur/articleshow/78645170.cms |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later [[Vasishta N. Simha|Vasishta Simha]] was on board to play the other lead character replacing Prabhu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-10-17 |title=Vasishta N Simha replaces Prabhu Mundkur in Evaru remake; joins Diganth and Hariprriya |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/vasishta-n-simha-replaces-prabhu-mundkur-in-evaru-remake-joins-diganth-and-hariprriya/articleshow/78716521.cms |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was shot majorly in [[Hyderabad]], [[Munnar]] and partially in [[Bengaluru]].<br /> <br /> The first song of the film was launched by [[Sudeepa|Sudeep]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kiccha Sudeep launches title track of Adivi Sesh's 'Evaru' remake, Yada Yada Hi |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kiccha-sudeep-launches-title-track-of-yada-yada-hi-starring-diganth-hariprriya-vasishta-simha/fbaf2e8854933 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; which marks singing debut for Hriprriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-12-11 |title=Hariprriya and Vasishta are on song, and in love |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/hariprriya-and-vasishta-are-on-song-and-in-love/articleshow/96145792.cms |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Yadha Yadha Hi<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sricharan pakala|Sricharan Pakala]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2023|6|2}}<br /> | recorded = 2023<br /> | studio = <br /> | length = 7:42<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Spy (2023 film)|Spy]]<br /> | prev_year = 2023<br /> | next_title = [[The Great Indian Suicide]]<br /> | next_year = 2023<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The music of the film is composed by [[Sricharan pakala|Sricharan Pakala]] while lyrics are by Nagarjun Sharma.<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_duration = 7:42<br /> | title1 = Yadha Yadha Hi Title Song<br /> | extra1 = [[Vasishta N. Simha]],[[Hariprriya]]<br /> | lyrics1 = Nagarjun Sharma<br /> | music1 = Sricharan Pakala<br /> | length1 = 2:14<br /> | title2 = Thanu Mana<br /> | extra2 = Yamini Ghantasala<br /> | title3 = Yaaro Yaaro<br /> | length3 = 2:53<br /> | lyrics3 = Nagarjun Sharma<br /> | music3 = Sricharan Pakala<br /> | extra3 = Ravi Prakash Chodimalla,Sangeetha Rajeev<br /> | lyrics2 = Nagarjun Sharma<br /> | music2 = Sricharan Pakala<br /> | length2 = 2:37<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Yadha Yadha Hi'' was released on 2 June 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kannada remake of Adivi Sesh's Evaru, Yadha Yadha Hi, set for June release |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kannada-remake-of-adivi-seshs-evaru-yada-yada-hi-set-for-june-release/90cf692e86964 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yadha Yadha Hi review: Diganth and Hariprriya make this 'adequate' remake work |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/yadha-yadha-hi-review-diganth-manchale-hariprriya-make-this-adequate-remake-work/692b7f233e241 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Critical response ===<br /> Vinay Lokesh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote &quot;The plot which thrives on narration pattern and nail biting scenes hits the nail in the climax. The project which is the official remake of ''Evaru'' stays true to the core.Full marks to Hariprriya for pulling off Priyanka's character which has negative shades. Diganth perfectly steps into the shoes of maverick cop Adithya. Vasista gives his best. ''Yadha Yadha'' Hi has all the elements which will make a perfect weekend watch&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Yadha Yadha Hi Movie Review : Yadha Yadha Hi: An edge of the set thriller which keep hooked to the content |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/yadha-yadha-hi/movie-review/100702093.cms |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Shraddha of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote &quot;Credit must be given to the original writer of the Spanish film, who etched a conversational crime story. Since ''Yadha Yadha Hi'' is an adaptation, it does have a ready reckoner in place, which the filmmaker could have made good use of. However, director Ashok Teja stumbles when it comes to ensuring a crisp screenplay. The plotline is marred by excessive twists and turns, occasionally leaving the audience confused. For instance, the film introduces Adarsh Bhat as a character who seeks Ashok Teja’s assistance in investigating the disappearance of his father, only to later reveal that Ashok Teja himself is, in fact, Adarsh Bhat. Furthermore, the film suffers from its duration, as it could have benefited from some trimming to maintain a more engaging experience.When it comes to performances, Hariprriya’s acting, which sees a blend of determination, vulnerability, and cunning, command attention. As a heroine, she has a substantial full-length role that showcases her talent after a considerable time. Her chemistry with Vasishta is palpable, and their on-screen dynamic works seamlessly. Vasishta Simha in the limited space he is given, puts forth his best effort to display his acting prowess. Diganth, on the other hand, ventures into uncharted territory, portraying a character that embodies both positive and negative shades. His convincing portrayal and ample screen time allow him to make the most of this opportunity, eliciting both appreciation and laughter. In particular, his performance during scenes where he portrays a cancer patient deserves special recognition. Yogi’s cinematography captures the mood of the thriller. He along with Sricharan Pakala’s and [[Harsha Vardhan]] Raj’s musical score enhances its atmospheric appeal. For those, who have not seen the Hollywood film, ''The Invisible Guest'', the [[Hindi]] version, ''Badla'', or the Telugu hit, ''Evaru'', the Kannada version will be an engaging one-time watch.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yadha Yadha Hi Movie Review: A riveting thriller with bold performances and intriguing twists |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2023/jun/03/yadha-yadha-hi-movie-reviewa-riveting-thriller-with-bold-performances-and-intriguing-twists-44196.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=3 June 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * {{IMDb title|27811636}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 crime drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian remakes of Spanish films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in hotels]]<br /> [[Category:Films about infidelity]]<br /> [[Category:Films about murder]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Munnar]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on The Invisible Guest]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surendra_Ram&diff=538553 2026-03-07T17:51:17Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up A Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> '''Surendra Ram''' is an Indian politician. He is a member of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Garkha Assembly constituency]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bihar Cabinet: Nitish Retains Home, Tejashwi Gets Health as 31 Ministers Take Oath |url=https://thewire.in/government/bihar-cabinet-nitish-tejashwi-rjd-jdu-oath |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-29 |title=हाफ पैंट, टी-शर्ट और चारा काटते मंत्री... लालू यादव के नक्श-ए-कदम पर सुरेंद्र राम! |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/bihar/story/chhapra-lalu-yadav-party-minister-surendra-ram-cutting-fodder-for-cow-in-his-village-home-lclp-1789279-2023-09-29 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=राजमिस्त्री से मंत्री पद तक का सफर, नीतीश की नई कैबिनेट में गड़खा विधायक सुरेंद्र राम |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-from-massion-to-minister-surendra-ram-new-minister-in-neetish-kumar-cabinet-6943515.html |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ayodhya Ram Mandir: अक्षत वितरण के बाद देश को जलाकर राख बांटेगी BJP, RJD मंत्री का हमला |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/politics/ayodhya-ram-mandir-after-distribution-of-akshat-bjp-will-burn-the-country-and-distribute-ashes-rjd-minister/2060876 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-01 |title=खेत में कुदाल चला रहे थे सुरेंद्र राम, लड़की वालों ने देखा तो कर दी शादी पक्की, बिहार के मंत्री ने खुद बताई कहानी |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bihar-minister-surendra-ram-plowing-field-girl-father-saw-him-confirmed-marriage-family-in-poverty-worked-daily-wage/2837107/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Improve categories|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, Surendra}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]<br /> [[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talash_(1969_film)&diff=539367 2026-03-04T03:53:01Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up Entry.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Talash<br /> | image = Talaash '69.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[O. P. Ralhan]]<br /> | producer = [[O. P. Ralhan]]<br /> | screenplay = [[O. P. Ralhan]]<br /> | writer = [[Ehsan Rizvi]] &lt;small&gt;(dialogues)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | story = [[O. P. Ralhan]]<br /> | starring = [[Rajendra Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sharmila Tagore]]&lt;br /&gt;[[O. P. Ralhan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Balraj Sahni]]<br /> | music = [[S. D. Burman]] <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = [[Mehboob Studios]]<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|1969}}<br /> | runtime = 175 minutes&lt;ref name=&quot;BFTP&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Blast-From-The-Past-Talash-1969/article13381966.ece |title=Blast From The Past: Talash (1969) |last=Malhotra |first=Aps |date=26 January 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=11 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = est.₹1 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;imdb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0065064/trivia/#:~:text=Talash%20is%20a%201969%20Hindi,(i.e.%20INR%2010%20Millions).&amp;text=Madhu%20(%20Sharmila%20Tagore)%20was%20the,a%20car%20rally%20in%20Europe.|title=Talash (1969)}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Talash''''' is a 1969 [[Hindi]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] directed by [[O. P. Ralhan]] starring [[Rajendra Kumar]] and [[Sharmila Tagore]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Talash (1969) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/talash-14501 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809143810/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/talash-14501 |url-status=live |archive-date=9 August 2020 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Cinestaan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Talash |url=https://mubi.com/films/talash |language=en |access-date=2022-04-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was the first Indian movie which was publicised as having a budget of Rs 1 Crore (i.e. INR 10 Millions).<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Raj Kumar ([[Rajendra Kumar]]) dreams of a life of prosperity. When he learns that his mother ([[Sulochana Latkar]]) has struggled for years to give him the best, he takes a job at Ranjit Rai's (Balraj Sahni) company. His hard work pays off and he is able to earn the trust of his boss and get promoted to a good post. On a vacation with his friend Lachchu ([[O. P. Ralhan]]), he falls in love with the village beauty Gauri ([[Sharmila Tagore]]) and promises her father ([[D.K. Sapru]]) that he will return in a month's time to marry her. But things get complicated when he returns to the city and Raj's boss ([[Balraj Sahni]]) wants Raj to marry his daughter or perhaps lose his job. After many twists and turns, the lovers are reunited and all's well that ends well.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> <br /> * [[Rajendra Kumar]] as Raj Kumar 'Raju'<br /> * [[Sharmila Tagore]] as Madhu / Gauri<br /> * [[O. P. Ralhan]] as Lachchu<br /> * [[Balraj Sahni]] as Ranjit Rai / Raj's Boss<br /> * [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Rita<br /> * [[Sulochana Latkar]] as Raj Kumar's Mother (as Sulochana)<br /> * Pandit Ram Marathe as the classical singer in song 'Tere naina talash kare'<br /> * [[Sajjan (actor)|Sajjan]] as Dice / Albert (Rita's Father)<br /> * [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] as John<br /> * [[Hari Shivdasani]] as Babulal (Lachchu's Father)<br /> * [[Madan Puri]] as Peter <br /> * [[D.K. Sapru]] as Gauri's Father (as Sapru)<br /> * [[Tun Tun]] as Kamini<br /> * [[Randhir (actor)|Randhir]] hotel manager<br /> * [[Jayshree T.]] as dancer in black in Song &quot;Aaj Ko Junli Raat Maa&quot;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music of this film was composed by [[S. D. Burman]] and penned by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]. This album has various kinds of hits, starting from the very romantic 'Palkon Ke Peechhe Se' to the sentimental 'Meri Duniya Hai Maa Tere Aanchal Mein'. It even covers the Indian classical-based number 'Tere Naina Talash Karen' to the sensational cabaret dance by [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] called 'Kar Le Pyar'.<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Talash<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[S. D. Burman]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | released = 1969<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = <br /> | label = [[Saregama|HMV]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | prev_title = [[Jewel Thief (1967 film)|Jewel Thief]]<br /> | prev_year = 1967<br /> | year = 1969<br /> | next_title = [[Aradhana (1969 film)|Aradhana]]<br /> | next_year = 1969<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The song &quot;Aaj Ko Junli Raat Maa&quot; samples the ''Romance'' theme from the ''[[Lieutenant Kijé]] Suite'' by Russian composer [[Sergei Prokofiev]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/how-s-d-burman-interlude-and-an-r-d-burman-bhajan-both-originated-from-a-russian-song |title=How S.D. Burman Interlude And An R.D. Burman Bhajan Both Originated From A Russian Song |last=Srinivasan |first=Karthik |date=11 December 2018 |website=[[Film Companion]] |access-date=11 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | collapsed = <br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = <br /> | all_writing = <br /> | all_lyrics = [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]<br /> | all_music = [[S. D. Burman]]<br /> | title1 = Palkon Ke Peechhe Se<br /> | note1 = Romantic duet<br /> | writer1 = <br /> | lyrics1 = <br /> | music1 = <br /> | extra1 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mohammed Rafi|Mohd. Rafi]]<br /> | length1 = 4:43<br /> | title2 = Kar Le Pyar<br /> | note2 = Sensational cabaret<br /> | writer2 = <br /> | lyrics2 = <br /> | music2 = <br /> | extra2 = [[Asha Bhosle]]<br /> | length2 = 5:24<br /> | title3 = Tere Naina Talash Karen<br /> | note3 = Raga [[Chayanat]]<br /> | writer3 = <br /> | lyrics3 = <br /> | music3 = <br /> | extra3 = [[Manna Dey]]<br /> | length3 = 4:51<br /> | title4 = Khayi Hai Re Humne Kasam<br /> | note4 = Love song<br /> | writer4 = <br /> | lyrics4 = <br /> | music4 = <br /> | extra4 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> | length4 = 4:11<br /> | title5 = Meri Duniya Hai Maa Tere Aanchal Mein<br /> | note5 = <br /> | writer5 = <br /> | lyrics5 = <br /> | music5 = <br /> | extra5 = [[S. D. Burman]]<br /> | length5 = 3:38<br /> | title6 = Kitni Akeli<br /> | note6 = <br /> | writer6 = <br /> | lyrics6 = <br /> | music6 = <br /> | extra6 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> | length6 = 3:32<br /> | title7 = Aaj Ko Junli Raat Maa<br /> | length7 = 6:59<br /> | note7 = <br /> | writer7 = <br /> | lyrics7 = <br /> | music7 = <br /> | extra7 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mohd. Rafi]]<br /> | title8 = Mera Kya Sanam<br /> | length8 = 4:53<br /> | extra8 = [[Mahendra Kapoor]], [[Asha Bhosle]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0065064|Talash}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1969 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1969 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:1969 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by S. D. Burman]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language crime thriller films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1960s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghar_(1978_film)&diff=500338 2026-03-03T23:28:36Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Starting post</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1978 Indian Hindi-language film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Ghar (1978)<br /> | image = Ghar 1978 poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = Manik Chatterjee<br /> | producer = N. N. Sippy<br /> | writer = [[Dinesh Thakur]]<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Vinod Mehra]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Rekha]]<br /> | music = [[R. D. Burman]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Nando Bhattacharya]]<br /> | editing = Waman Bhonsle&lt;br /&gt;Gurudutt Shirali<br /> | distributor = N. N. Sippy Productions&lt;br /&gt;Eros Entertainment<br /> | released = {{Film date|1978|02|09|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Ghar''''' ({{Translation|Home}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language film directed by Manik Chatterjee, released in 1978. It stars [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Rekha]] in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ghar, a 70s balm for these troubled times |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/ghar-a-70s-balm-for-these-troubled-times/article4222300.ece |publisher=Business Line |date= 20 December 2012|access-date=7 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The music was composed by [[R. D. Burman]].<br /> <br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Vikas Chandra ([[Vinod Mehra]]) and Aarti ([[Rekha]]) have recently married and they move into their new apartment. One day they go out to watch a late night Hindi movie at a local cinema theatre. The movie gets over well after midnight and as no cab is found at that hour, they decide to walk home on foot. On the way, they are suddenly waylaid by four men, who assault Vikas, leaving him unconscious and forcibly take Aarti with them. When Vikas regains consciousness he finds himself in hospital with a head wound. He is informed that Aarti is in the same hospital, after being gang-raped and assaulted. This incident makes headlines in the media and is also a subject of discussion by politicians during their election campaign. Vikas feels haunted by this incident and does not know how to act further. Aarti, on the other hand, has been completely traumatised and is unable to trust any male. Now the couple faces a serious crisis leading to a loveless relationship, and only a miracle can bring the old spark back into their married life.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Vinod Mehra]] as Vikas Chandra<br /> * [[Rekha]] as Aarti Chandra<br /> * [[Prema Narayan]] as Seema<br /> * [[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]] as Mr. Chatterjee<br /> * [[Dinesh Thakur]] as Dr. Prashant<br /> * [[Asrani]] as Inspector Kumthekar<br /> * [[Madan Puri]] as Vikas' Father<br /> * Tarla Mehta as Aarti's mother<br /> * Master Alankar as Raghu<br /> * [[Chandrashekhar Dubey|C.S.Dubey]] as Banwarilal<br /> * [[Viju Khote]] as Havaldar Bachan singh<br /> * Major Anand as Mr.Dave (office colleague of Vikas)<br /> * Shashi Kiran as Dilip (office colleague)<br /> * Akbar Bakshi as the man who haunts Aarti<br /> * Yasmin as nurse<br /> * Madan Kumar<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Nominee(s)<br /> !Result<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[26th Filmfare Awards|1979]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Filmfare Awards]]<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> |[[Rekha]]<br /> |{{nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Nominations – 1978 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/367020.cms |access-date=21 August 2020 |work=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060604050533/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/367020.cms |archive-date=4 June 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]<br /> |[[Dinesh Thakur]]<br /> |{{won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Winners – 1978 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/367045.cms |access-date=21 August 2020 |work=[[Filmfare]] |publisher=The Times Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508085948/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/367045.cms |archive-date=8 May 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> The soundtrack of the film contains 5 songs. The music is composed by [[R. D. Burman]], with lyrics by [[Gulzar]].<br /> <br /> &quot;Phir Wahi Raat Hai&quot; is considered to be one of the most loved ''[[filmi]]'' songs of all time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-08-31 |title=Top 32: Most loved Bollywood songs of all time |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/top-32-most-loved-bollywood-songs-of-all-time/story-Oy5PxR4xslOx82xB6cmVkI.html |access-date=2021-04-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singer<br /> ![[Raga]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Phir Wahi Raat Hai&quot;<br /> | [[Kishore Kumar]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Aap Ki Aankhon Mein Kuch Mehke Hue Se Raaz Hai&quot;<br /> | [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> |[[Kedar (raga)]]<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Tere Bina Jiya Jaye Na&quot;<br /> | [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Aaj Kal Paon Zameen Par&quot;<br /> | [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Botal Se Ek Baat Chali Hai, Kaag Udake Raat Chali Hai&quot;<br /> | [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Asha Bhosle]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|id=0077609|title=Ghar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1978 films]]<br /> [[Category:1978 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1978 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about women in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about rape in India]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]<br /> [[Category:Films distributed by Eros International]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perariyathavar&diff=525184 2026-03-03T20:42:14Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: created new post</p> <hr /> <div>{{COI|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Perariyathavar<br /> | image = Perariyathavar (2015) - Poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Film poster<br /> | director = [[Dr. Biju]]<br /> | producer = Anil Ambalakkara<br /> | writer = Dr. Biju<br /> | starring = [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Indrans]]<br /> | music = [[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]<br /> | cinematography = [[M. J. Radhakrishnan]]<br /> | editing = Karthik Jogesh<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|08||Montreal Film Festival|2015|01|09|India}}<br /> | runtime = 111 Minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget =<br /> | gross =<br /> }}<br /> '''''Perariyathavar''''' ({{langx|en|Names Unknown}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Malayalam film]] directed by [[Dr. Biju]]. The film revolves around two sweepers and the problems they encounter in life, depicting the agonies of the marginalised section of society.&lt;ref name=&quot;Times of India&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Bijus-next-is-Perariyathavar/movie-review/22941649.cms |work=Times of India | title=Biju's next is Perariyathavar |date= 24 September 2013 | access-date= 16 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] and [[Indrans]]. It won the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation]]. The film is credited as 200th film of Suraj. Suraj received the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] for his performance.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/suraj-venjaramoodu-best-actor-for-perariyathavar/article5919113.ece &quot;Suraj Venjaramoodu best actor for Perariyathavar&quot;], ''The Hindu'', 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> The story revolves around a widowed father and son working as scavengers in [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]] and the harsh life they face.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.cochintalkies.com/malayalam-movie-news/suraj-in-dr-bijus-perariyathavar.html | title=Suraj in Dr Biju's Perariyathavar|website=Cochin Talkies |date= | access-date= 15 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; They belong to a section of society which is marginalized in the mainstream. The father is working as a temporary cleaning sweeper. Chami is his friend and fellow worker who belongs to a tribal community. They collect the garbage from the city streets into a vehicle and dump it at a rural village. Sometimes father takes his son along with him. During the journey in a trash vehicle, father and son see and experience the life of many nameless, faceless marginalised people, including themselves, in the midst of huge buildings and roaring vehicles.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as the garbage collector<br /> * [[Indrans]] as Chaami<br /> * Master Govardhan the garbage collector's son<br /> * [[Nedumudi Venu]] as workshop master<br /> * [[Sasi Kalinga]] as the bandmaster<br /> * Afzel s lebba as the garbage collector's friend<br /> * [[Sona Nair]]<br /> * [[Seema G. Nair]]<br /> * [[Krishna Prasad (actor)|Krishna Prasad]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film was produced by K Anilkumar under Ambalakkara Global Films. It is the second film produced by Anilkumar with Dr Biju after ''[[Akasathinte Niram]]'' (Color of Sky).<br /> <br /> In an interview, Biju revealed that actors [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Jayasurya]], [[Biju Menon]] and [[Sreenivasan]] were approached to play the lead role. None of them accepted and the movie, therefore, was delayed for more than a year. Eventually, Biju chose [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] for the role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Being a Dalit is a crime in cinema |author=Preejith Raj, Dr. Biju |journal=[[Mathrubhumi Illustrated Weekly]] |date=11–18 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Reviewing the film in 2015, Asha Prakash of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 and wrote, &quot;The pace of the film about a garbage collector's struggles is slow, and it requires patience and reading between the lines to appreciate it in its entirety. Suraj Venjaramoodu's acting is top notch&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/perariyathavar/movie-review/45840390.cms|title=Perariyathavar Movie Review|date=9 January 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Asha|last=Prakash|access-date=5 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and nominations ==<br /> {{Infobox actor awards<br /> | name = Suraj Venjaramoodu<br /> | image = The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Rajat Kamal Award for Best Actor (Shared) Perariyathavar (Malayalam) to Shri Suraj Venjaramoodu, at the 61st National Film Awards function, in New Delhi on May 03, 2014.jpg<br /> | image_size = 240<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = The [[President of India|President]], [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the Rajat Kamal Award for Best Actor for this ''Perariyathavar'' Movie to Suraj Venjaramoodu, at the [[61st National Film Awards]] function held at New Delhi on May 03, 2014<br /> | wins = 5<br /> | nominations = 5<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The film was awarded [[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation|Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation Award]] at the [[61st National Film Awards]] in 2013. [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor Award]]. The noted filmmaker and jury chairman [[Saeed Mirza]] said in a press conference, &quot;Suraj has played a municipal sweeper [in the film] but it is an incredibly dignified performance. He excels in comedy but in this film Suraj has brilliantly played a reticent character. I would not have been able to sleep had his name not been in the list of awardees.&quot;<br /> <br /> ===List of awards===<br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> ! Event/Year<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Recipient <br /> ! Result<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Awards]] 2013<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation|Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation Award]]<br /> | [[Dr. Biju]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Awards]] 2013<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor Award]]<br /> | [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Film Festival|Fajr International Film Festival, Iran]] 2015<br /> | [[Film Festival|Crystal Zymorgh for Best Actor Award]]<br /> | [[Film Festival| Master Govardhan]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Film Festival| Kazan International Film Festival, Russia]] 2015<br /> | [[Film Festival| Best Cinematography Award]]<br /> | [[Film Festival| M.J.Radhakrishnan]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jaipur International Film Festival]] 2015<br /> | [[Film Festival| Best Film on Global Message]]<br /> | [[Film Festival| Dr.Biju]]<br /> | {{Won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Festivals===<br /> * Official selection [[Montreal World Film Festival]], Canada, August 2014<br /> * Official selection competition [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]], 2014<br /> * Official selection/competition [[Mumbai Film Festival]], India, October 2014<br /> * Official selection [[African Diaspora International Film Festival]], New York, November 2014<br /> * Official selection [[Jaipur International Film Festival]], India, February 2014<br /> * Official selection Fajr International Film festival, Tehran, Iran, 2015<br /> * Official selection Kazan International Film Festival, Russia, 2015<br /> * Official selection, [[Kolkata Film Festival]], 2014<br /> * Official selection Pune Film Festival, 2014<br /> * Official Selection International film festival of Kerala, 2014<br /> * New Generation film festival, Stuttgart, Germany, 2014<br /> * Edmontan film festival, Canada, 2015<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|3529050}}<br /> {{Dr. Biju}}<br /> [[Category:2014 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance]]<br /> [[Category:2014 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kollam]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Dr. Biju]]<br /> [[Category:Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation National Film Award winners]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amrutham_Chandamamalo&diff=472018 2026-03-03T17:39:25Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: adjust citations after review as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2014 Indian Telugu-language comedy film directed by Gunnam Gangaraju}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Amrutham Chandamamalo<br /> | image = Amrutham Chandamamalo poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Film poster<br /> | director = [[Gunnam Gangaraju]]<br /> | producer = Urmila Gunnam<br /> | writer = Gunnam Gangaraju<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Srinivas Avasarala]] <br /> *Harish Koyalagundla<br /> *[[Vasu Inturi]] <br /> *[[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]]<br /> *[[Dhanya Balakrishna]]<br /> *Suchitra<br /> }}<br /> | music = [[Sri Kommineni]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Rasool Ellore]]<br /> | editing = Dharmendra Kakarala<br /> | studio = Just Yellow Media&lt;ref name=&quot;H&quot; /&gt;<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|5|17|ref1=&lt;ref name=&quot;H&quot; /&gt;}}<br /> | runtime = 140 minutes&lt;ref name=&quot;H&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/familyentertainer-with-dollops-of-comedy/article5993882.ece|title=Family-entertainer with dollops of comedy|first=Suresh|last=Krishnamoorthy|date=9 May 2014|work=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = ₹7 [[crore]]&lt;ref name=IBint&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 May 2014 |title=Interview with Gunnam Gangaraju about Amrutham Chandamamalo |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/gangarajugunnam-amruthamchandamamalo.html |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-05-13 |title=Exclusive Interview: Gunnam Gangaraju- Visually my film will be one of the best on Indian screen |first=Avad|last=M|url=https://www.123telugu.com/interviews/exclusive-interview-gunnam-gangaraju-visually-my-film-will-be-one-of-the-best-on-indian-screen.html |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=123Telugu.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Amrutham Chandamamalo''''' ({{translation|Amrutham on the moon}}) is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language [[science fiction comedy]] film written and directed by [[Gunnam Gangaraju]]. The film stars [[Srinivas Avasarala]], Harish Koyalagundla, [[Vasu Inturi]], [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]], [[Dhanya Balakrishna]] and Suchitra. It is based on the ''[[Amrutham (TV series)|Amrutham]]'' sitcom with Sivannarayana and Vasu Inturi reprising their roles. Gangaraju, who produced the sitcom, also produced the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;D&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140517/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-amrutham-chandamama-lo-good-laughing-piece|title=Movie review 'Amrutham - Chandamama Lo': Is a good laughing piece|date=18 May 2014|website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; This film is marketed as the first space comedy in [[Telugu cinema]].&lt;ref name=&quot;T&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/amrutham-chandamamalo/movie-review/35331658.cms|title=Amrutham Chandamamalo Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Amrutham Chandamamalo | newspaper=The Times of India | date=8 May 2016 | accessdate=30 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The movie starts with an enthusiast Amrutham ([[Srinivas Avasarala]]) going to the Moon.<br /> <br /> The scene shifts to Amrutham and Anji (Harish Koyalagundla) who became billionaires after about four years later. Eventually, Appaji ([[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]]) gets a huge loss through [[Amrutham (TV series)|Amrutha Vilas]] as no one is ready to buy. He later goes to the duo for commission but he fails.<br /> <br /> He later bumps into Chandu ([[Rao Ramesh]]) who is Appaji's nephew. He is also a worker in Rocket Travel Company or RTC (fictionalized depiction of [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]] and [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation|TSRTC]]). They go to the duo who were trying to make a couple Doll Reddy ([[Pavani Reddy]]) and Sameer ([[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]]) to wed but the Doll's father Pol Reddy ([[Ahuti Prasad]]), a factionist and his henchmen Hole Reddy, Mole Reddy, etc are not very happy with it. Appaji and Chandu gets the deal done of going to the [[Moon]].<br /> <br /> But as fate turns out, RTC gets shut down and all of Amrutham and Anji's money gets wasted. Appaji too gets very angry with Chandu for this incident. Later, Amrutham, Anji, their wives, Sameer and Doll Reddy lived in disguises for not getting hold of Pol. Anji says Appaji that Sameer was the son of the [[international terrorist]] Sin Laden (the fictionalized depiction of [[Osama bin Laden|Bin Laden]]) who was known for bombing [[Great Pyramids of Giza|The Pyramids of Giza]] in [[Egypt]]. Later, Appaji tells Sin Laden that his son was going to wed a girl and please take him.<br /> <br /> Later in the night, some bombs were thrown by an unknown person which makes Amrutham, Anji, their wives, Sameer and Doll Reddy live in poverty. Sameer goes missing and they have to work. Later, Sarvam ([[Vasu Inturi]]) tells that he has ₹60,000 in his bank account and their lawyer says that after RTC gets shut down, it was acquired by Ming and Lee, a Chinese space company which says that you have two options, one is for refunding the money while the other is to go to the Moon. Amrutham chooses refunding the money while Anji wants to go to the Moon.<br /> <br /> At last, they go to the Moon which makes Amrutham and Anji's friendship weak. They start farming there. They meet a person on the moon namely Engineer ([[Krishna Bhagavaan]]). Later, they start the preparation for the wedding of Sameer and Doll with Sarvam and Appaji's daughter who were in love. But later, it was revealed that Sameer was the son of Sin Laden. Appaji, Chandu, Pol Reddy with his henchmen with Sin Laden go to space. Chaos ensues on the moon but everyone was safe.<br /> <br /> But the priest ([[L. B. Sriram]]) unknowingly said that if they strip their clothes, they would die after 60 seconds. But after a series of chaos, they were able to go to the [[Earth]] with Appaji leaving Pol, his henchmen and Sin Laden. After reporting the capture of Sin Laden to [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] and [[Egyptian National Police]], Amrutham and Anji lived happily ever after as they were before.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Colbegin}}<br /> *[[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Amrutha Rao 'Ammu/Amrutham'<br /> *Harish Koyalagundla as Anjaneyulu 'Anji'<br /> *[[Vasu Inturi]] as Sarveswaran 'Sarvam'<br /> *[[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Appaji<br /> *[[Dhanya Balakrishna]] as Sanjeevani 'Sanju'<br /> *[[Suchitra Bandekar]] as Santha<br /> *[[Rao Ramesh]] as Chandramohan 'Chandu' Appaji's nephew and Rocket Travel Company &quot;RTC&quot; and Ming &amp; Lee Space Company's manager.<br /> *[[Pavani Reddy]] as Doll Reddy, Pol Reddy's daughter<br /> *[[Ali Reza (actor)|Ali Reza]] as Sameer 'Sin' Laden's son<br /> *[[L. B. Sriram]] as Priest <br /> *[[Krishna Bhagavaan]] as Engineer <br /> *[[Ahuti Prasad]] as Pol Reddy, a factionist<br /> <br /> {{Colend}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Director [[Gunnam Gangaraju]], music director [[Sri Kommineni]], and cinematographer [[Rasool Ellore]], who previously collaborated for ''[[Little Soldiers]]'' (1996), collaborate again for this film.&lt;ref name=&quot;H&quot; /&gt; The film began production under the name ''Chandamamalo Amrutham '' before the name was changed to ''Amrutham Chandamamalo''. The film contains 60 minutes of [[visual effects|graphics]] made by [[Hyderabad]]-based companies Laughing Dots and ECS and was shot using a [[Red Digital Cinema|Red Epic camera]].&lt;ref name=&quot;T&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;H&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The songs were composed by [[Sri Kommineni|Shree]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/amrutham-chandamama-lo/UUSnLOIAGE0_|title=Amrutham Chandamama Lo - Sree, Anantha Sriram - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|work=JioSaavn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Laka Laka<br /> | lyrics1 = <br /> | extra1 = Shyam, M. L. R. Karthikeyan<br /> | title2 = Moon Light Girl<br /> | lyrics2 =<br /> | extra2 = Deepu, M. L. R. Karthikeyan, [[Sahithi]]<br /> | length2 =<br /> | title3 = Phata Phatasula <br /> | lyrics3 = <br /> | extra3 = Sai Srikanth<br /> | length3 =<br /> | title4 = Bahuparak <br /> | lyrics4 = <br /> | extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] <br /> | length4 =<br /> | title5 = Yarukaga<br /> | lyrics5 = <br /> | extra5 = Mano<br /> | length5 = <br /> | title6 = Yeruvaka Sagaro <br /> | lyrics6 = <br /> | extra6 = Sahiti<br /> | title7 = Ghalan Ghalan <br /> | lyrics7 = <br /> | extra7 = Sai Srikanth<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ''The Times of India'' gave the film a rating of three out of five stars and wrote that &quot;The filmmaker has infused the plot with some skillfully constructed episodes in outer space, while still managing to retain the innocence in the humor&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;T&quot; /&gt; ''The Deccan Chronicle'' gave the film the same rating and wrote that &quot; However, it is overall a good laugh for the whole family, especially the kids&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;D&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|6854376}}<br /> {{Amrutham Universe}}{{Gangaraju Gunnam}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2014 films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2010s science fiction comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in outer space]]<br /> [[Category:Indian science fiction comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian science fiction films]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mugilpete&diff=518761 2026-03-03T12:20:46Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Starting some post more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Kannada-language film}}<br /> {{No plot|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Mugilpete<br /> | image = Mugilpete.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Official poster<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = Bharat S Navunda<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = Raksha&lt;br /&gt;Vijay Kumar<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Manoranjan Ravichandran]] <br /> *[[Kayadu Lohar]] <br /> }}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | music = [[V. Sridhar]]<br /> | studio = &lt;!-- or: | production_companies = --&gt;<br /> | distributor = &lt;!-- or: | distributors = --&gt;<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|11|19}} <br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Mugilpete''''' is a 2021 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Bharat S Navunda and starring [[Manoranjan Ravichandran]] and [[Kayadu Lohar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/nov/22/mugil-pete-brings-back-old-fashioned-romance-2386436.html|title='Mugil Pete' brings back old-fashioned romance|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2022-08-18|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126044318/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2021/nov/22/mugil-pete-brings-back-old-fashioned-romance-2386436.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/manuranjan-ravichandran-is-back-on-set-after-a-year-for-mugilpete/articleshow/81418884.cms|title=Manuranjan Ravichandran is back on set after a year, for Mugilpete|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2022-08-31|archive-date=2021-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310162654/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/manuranjan-ravichandran-is-back-on-set-after-a-year-for-mugilpete/articleshow/81418884.cms|url-status=live|first=Vinay|last=Lokesh|date=10 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Raja and Apoorva, a young couple falls in love and wishes to get married. However, they learn their families share different ideologies when it comes to love.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Manoranjan Ravichandran]] as Raja<br /> *[[Kayadu Lohar]] as Apoorva<br /> *[[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]<br /> *[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]<br /> *[[Sadhu Kokila]]<br /> *[[Rangayana Raghu]]<br /> *[[Prashanth Siddi]]<br /> *Cockroach Sudhi<br /> *[[Rishi (Kannada actor)|Rishi]] (cameo appearance)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/actor-rishi-makes-a-cameo-in-manoranjans-mugilpete/articleshow/73697638.cms|title=Actor Rishi makes a cameo in Manoranjan's ‘Mugilpete’ - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-08-18|archive-date=2022-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818061605/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/actor-rishi-makes-a-cameo-in-manoranjans-mugilpete/articleshow/73697638.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that &quot;Should you watch Mugil Pete? If you're a fan of old school commercial entertainers, then this one might be right up your alley&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mugilpete/movie-review/87803323.cms|title=Mugilpete Movie Review: An old school commercial romantic entertainer|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2022-08-18|archive-date=2021-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209151254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/mugilpete/movie-review/87803323.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that &quot;If you are one of those who like leisurely-paced romantic entertainers, Mugil Pete is for you&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; Prathibha Joy of ''[[HT Media|OTT Play]]'' said that &quot;Mugilpete is all about maintaining relationships, whether it is between friends, siblings, lovers or parents and their children – it’s a little old-school, but if this is your cup of tea, go ahead and have it&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/mugilpete-movie-review-manu-ravichandran-and-kayadu-lohar-liven-up-this-love-story/57ec0371a0116|title=Mugilpete movie review: Manu Ravichandran and Kayadu Lohar liven up this love story|website=OTTPlay|access-date=2022-08-18|archive-date=2022-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818060222/https://www.ottplay.com/review/mugilpete-movie-review-manu-ravichandran-and-kayadu-lohar-liven-up-this-love-story/57ec0371a0116|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vivek M. V. of ''Deccan Herald'' said that &quot;'Mugilpete' fails to generate sensible arguments on arranged and love marriages. That is because the director wants the film to be a star debut vehicle for Manuranjan.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dh-talkies/a-love-story-as-old-as-the-hills-1052576.html|title=A love story as old as the hills|date=19 November 2021|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=18 August 2022|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126004641/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dh-talkies/a-love-story-as-old-as-the-hills-1052576.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt12078088}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2021 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2021 romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2021 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pravinkoodu_Shappu&diff=526592 2026-03-03T09:34:35Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: created new info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 Indian film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Praavinkoodu Shappu<br /> | image = Pravinkoodu Shappu.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Sreeraj Sreenivasan<br /> | writer = Sreeraj Sreenivasan<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | producer = [[Anwar Rasheed]]<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Soubin Shahir]]<br /> * [[Basil Joseph]]<br /> * [[Chemban Vinod Jose]]<br /> }}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | music = [[Vishnu Vijay]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Shyju Khalid]]<br /> | editing = Shafique Mohamed Ali<br /> | studio = Anwar Rasheed Entertainment<br /> | distributor = Anwar Rasheed Entertainment<br /> | released = {{Film date|2025|01|16|df=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/basil-joseph-soubin-shahir-film-pravinkoodu-shappu-gets-a-release-date-article-116763890 | title=Basil Joseph-Soubin Shahir's Pravinkoodu Shappu Gets A Release Date! | publisher=[[Times Now]] | work=Rohit Panikker | date=29 December 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024 | archive-date=29 December 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229135101/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/basil-joseph-soubin-shahir-film-pravinkoodu-shappu-gets-a-release-date-article-116763890 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | runtime = 149 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CBFC {{!}} Search Film |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwOTAxMDEyMDI1MDAwMjA= |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = {{INR}}14.5 crore&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-06 |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/02/06/malayalam-movie-budget-collections-january-revealing-financial-struggle.html|title=30 കോടി മുടക്കിയ ടൊവിനോ ചിത്രം തിയറ്ററിൽ നേടിയത് വെറും 3.5 കോടി; 'രേഖാചിത്രം' ഒരേയൊരു ഹിറ്റ്|access-date=2025-02-06 |website=[[Manorama News]] |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | gross = {{INR}}8.36 crore<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Pravinkoodu Shappu''''' ({{translation|Pravinkoodu [[toddy shop]]}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[black comedy]] [[crime thriller]] film written and directed by Sreeraj Sreenivasan (in his directorial debut).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/basil-joseph-movie-pravinkoodu-shappu-official-trailer-soubin-shahir-chemban-vinod-sop3u1 | title=&quot;'Pravinkoodu Shappu' Trailer Brings Dark Humor with a Touch of Hollywood Style&quot; | publisher=[[Asianet News]] | date=18 December 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024 | archive-date=18 December 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218165940/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/basil-joseph-movie-pravinkoodu-shappu-official-trailer-soubin-shahir-chemban-vinod-sop3u1 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It was produced by [[Anwar Rasheed]] through Anwar Rasheed Entertainment. The film stars [[Soubin Shahir]], [[Basil Joseph]] and [[Chemban Vinod Jose]], with [[Chandini Sreedharan]], [[Shivajith]], and [[Shabareesh Varma]] in supporting roles.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/02/29/pravinkoodu-shappu-movie-anwar-rasheed-soubin-shahir-basil-joseph.html | title=Anwar Rasheed Presents 'Praavinkoodu Shappu'; Soubin Shahir and Basil Joseph in Lead Roles | publisher=[[Manorama Online]] | date=29 February 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024 | archive-date=21 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521231431/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/02/29/pravinkoodu-shappu-movie-anwar-rasheed-soubin-shahir-basil-joseph.html | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Filming started on 29 February 2024 in [[Thrissur]] and [[Ernakulam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/shooting-of-malayalam-film-pravinkoodu-shappu-commences/ | title=Shooting of Malayalam film 'Pravinkoodu Shappu' commences | publisher=The South First | date=29 February 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024 | archive-date=27 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727120811/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/shooting-of-malayalam-film-pravinkoodu-shappu-commences/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Initially scheduled for a Christmas 2024 release, the launch was postponed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pravinkoodu-shappu-first-look-posters-of-basil-joseph-and-soubin-shahir-starrer-out-see-inside/articleshow/114228046.cms | title='Pravinkoodu Shappu': First look posters of Basil Joseph and Soubin Shahir starrer out! | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=15 October 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024 | archive-date=5 December 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205133746/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pravinkoodu-shappu-first-look-posters-of-basil-joseph-and-soubin-shahir-starrer-out-see-inside/articleshow/114228046.cms | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.thecue.in/videos/entertainment/film-news/pravinkoodu-shappu-movie-soubin-shahir-basil-joseph-release-date | title=Soubin Shahir Plays Cards, Basil Joseph Investigates: 'Praavinkoodu Shappu' Release Date Announced | publisher=The Cue | work=Rohit Panikker | date=13 October 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film released in theatres on 16 January 2025 to mixed reviews from critics alike with praise for the performances, cinematography, editing, sound design and background score but received criticism for its script.<br /> <br /> == Premise ==<br /> The story follows the investigation of a death at a [[toddy shop]]. After the shop closed due to rain, 11 people remained inside, drinking and playing cards overnight. By morning, the shop owner, Komban Babu, is found hanging in the center of the shop. A police officer questions the 11 individuals present that night to uncover what happened. The investigation reveals hidden details, raising the question of who killed Komban Babu and why his body was left hanging in the shop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/pravinkoodu-shappu-trailer-basil-joseph-soubin-shahir-to-deliver-exciting-combination-of-mystery-and-comedy-in-upcoming-malayalam-movie-watch-10207582 | title=Pravinkoodu Shappu Trailer: Basil Joseph To Deliver Exciting Combination Of Mystery And Comedy In Upcoming Malayalam Movie | publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] | work=Srishti Pandey | date=18 December 2024 | access-date=29 December 2024 | archive-date=18 December 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218160144/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/pravinkoodu-shappu-trailer-basil-joseph-soubin-shahir-to-deliver-exciting-combination-of-mystery-and-comedy-in-upcoming-malayalam-movie-watch-10207582 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Dec/18/pravinkoodu-shappu-trailer-basil-joseph-investigates-death-and-debauchery-in-a-toddy-shop | title=Pravinkoodu Shappu Trailer: Basil Joseph investigates death and debauchery in a toddy shop | publisher=[[Cinema Express]] | work=Sreejith Mullappilly | date=18 December 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024 | archive-date=20 December 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220173028/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Dec/18/pravinkoodu-shappu-trailer-basil-joseph-investigates-death-and-debauchery-in-a-toddy-shop | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Komban Babu, a feared and influential toddy shop owner with a history of illicit dealings, is found dead—hanged inside his own toddy shop. Initially presumed to be a suicide, Sub-Inspector (SI) Santosh begins investigating the case. After examining the crime scene and interrogating all those present in the toddy shop that night—including Kannan, Suni, Biju, Ceylon, and others—he concludes that it is a case of premeditated murder.<br /> <br /> Ceylon informs Santosh that Merinda, Kannan's wife, had once been involved in an affair with Babu. Kannan, a physically disabled man, was aware of this but was powerless against Babu's dominance. This gives Kannan a possible motive, but as the investigation progresses, Santosh begins to suspect Suni, Babu's close associate in his criminal ventures. During interrogation, Merinda reveals that she had seen a masked figure lurking around the toddy shop premises on the night of the murder, leading Santosh to believe that Suni may have had an accomplice who helped him carry out the murder unnoticed while the others were distracted.<br /> <br /> Despite pressure from his superiors, Santosh is unable to identify the alleged accomplice through the CCTV footage, which yields no suspicious activity. He also develops a personal interest in Merinda and attempts to grow closer to her, but she resists his advances.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Suni and Kannan start their own covert investigation to determine if it was even feasible to hang someone from the toddy shop ceiling without alerting others nearby. Using a similar rope and weight, they experiment and conclude it is possible. During this time, Kannan reveals that he had witnessed Babu murder Santosh's father, who was in the liquor business too and used to be Babu's partner. Babu had assaulted Kannan and Merinda when Kannan tried to speak up, resulting in Merinda suffering a miscarriage. Seeking revenge, Kannan and Merinda had been secretly plotting Babu's murder.<br /> <br /> On the night of the murder, Kannan mixed sleeping pills into Babu's toddy, rendering him unconscious. As others played cards in an adjacent room, Kannan carefully placed a noose around Babu's neck. Merinda then attached the other end of the rope to Babu's parked pickup truck outside and drove it, causing Babu's death to appear as a hanging. To mislead the investigation, they spread rumors of Merinda's affair and fabricated the masked intruder story, diverting suspicion toward Suni.<br /> <br /> Kannan further manipulates Suni by planting the idea that Santosh may be orchestrating the events to frame Suni and cover up his personal vendetta. Tensions rise, and in a confrontation between the two, Kannan accidentally stabs and kills Suni after accidentally setting fire to the toddy shop.<br /> <br /> The same night, Merinda calls Santosh, claiming that a masked intruder is trying to kill her. As Santosh rushes to her home, he simultaneously receives a wireless message that the toddy shop has been set on fire. These events unfold while a flashback reveals the details of Babu's murder. Eventually, Santosh pieces together the truth behind the murder. He confronts Kannan and Merinda as they attempt to flee. In the ensuing confrontation, Santosh accidentally shoots and wounds Merinda. Kannan gets arrested. The film ends with Santosh sitting beside Merinda in a hospital, as the case is formally brought to a close.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{div col}}<br /> * [[Soubin Shahir]] as Kannan, [[waiter]] at the toddy parlour, and ex-magician<br /> * [[Basil Joseph]] as [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Santhosh C. J, the investigating officer<br /> * [[Chemban Vinod Jose]] as Suni, an ex-military officer and real estate agent<br /> * [[Chandini Sreedharan]] as Merinda, Kannan's wife<br /> * [[Shivajith]] as Komban Babu, [[toddy shop]] owner<br /> * [[Shabareesh Varma]] as Thotta Biju<br /> * [[Niyas Backer]] as '[[Ceylon]]' Ramakrishnan<br /> * Vijo Amaravathy <br /> * Rajesh Azhikodan<br /> * Jyothika Krish<br /> * Prathapan K.S.<br /> * Devarajan Kozhikode <br /> * George Vincent<br /> * Sundaran Thachappilly as Subran <br /> * Revathy<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ''Pravinkoodu Shappu'' was released theatrically on 16 January 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ml/!entertainment/basil-joseph-movie-pravinkoodu-shappu-trailer-out-kerala-news-kls24121902877 | title=Praavinkoodu Shappu Trailer Unveiled: Basil Joseph Stars as a Police Officer in a Thriller with a Hollywood Feel | publisher=[[ETV Network]] | date=19 December 2024 | accessdate=29 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film began streaming on [[SonyLIV]] from 11 April 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |access-date=10 April 2025 |title=Pravinkoodu Shappu out on OTT a day earlier than announced: Where to watch Basil Joseph's Malayalam thriller right now |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pravinkoodu-shappu-out-on-ott-earlier-than-announced-where-to-watch-basil-joseph-malayalam-thriller/fa27cd2d13472 |work=ottplay.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Vignesh Madhu of the Indian Express gave the film 2.5 out of 5 rating saying &quot;Pravinkoodu Shappu' is a fairly engaging film with ample thrills and some hilarious dark humour. But these elements don't come together in the right proportions to create a rousing experience&quot;.<br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The film's soundtrack album and background score was composed by [[Vishnu Vijay]].<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 12.53<br /> | length1 = 2.53<br /> | title1 = Shavathkuth<br /> | extra1 = [[Dabzee]], Gayathri Rajeev, Devu Mathew, Geethu Nirmala<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Muhsin Parari]]<br /> | length2 = 3.37<br /> | title2 = Kedathe<br /> | extra2 = [[Vishnu Vijay]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Muhsin Parari]]<br /> | length3 = 3.45<br /> | title3 = Cheth Song<br /> | extra3 = Vishnu Vijay, Aparna Harikumar, Indu Sanath, Padmaja Sreenivasan<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]<br /> | length4 = 2.36<br /> | title4 = Shaap Shooter<br /> | extra4 = [[Shakthisree Gopalan]]<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Suhail Koya]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt32539176}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Ernakulam]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinna_Mul_Peria_Mul&diff=461342 2026-03-03T05:06:29Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: brief improve lead per sources and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Chinna Mul Peria Mul<br /> | image = Chinna Mul Peria Mul.jpg<br /> | caption = Title card<br /> | director = N. S. Rajbharath<br /> | writer = N. S. Rajbharath<br /> | producer = Indra<br /> | starring = Raja Alfred&lt;br /&gt;[[Sreenath]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shanthi Krishna]]<br /> | cinematography = Tiwari<br /> | editing = R. B. Thilak &lt;br /&gt; D. S. Maniyam<br /> | music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]<br /> | studio = Indra Creations<br /> | released = {{film date|1981|9|18|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 95 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Chinna Mul Peria Mul''''' ({{Translation|Hour Hand, Minute Hand}}; {{lit|Small Thorn, Big Thorn}}) is 1981 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime thriller film]] written and directed by N. S. Rajbharath. The film stars Raja Alfred, [[Sreenath]] and [[Shanthi Krishna]], with Jayaram, Madhan [[A. Veerappan|Veerappan]], Sumangali, Vani and [[Anju (actress)|Baby Anju]] in supporting roles. It was released on 18 September 1981.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=சின்ன முள் பெரிய முள் / Chinna Mul Peria Mul (1981) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/chinna-mul-peria-mul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119061937/https://screen4screen.com/movies/chinna-mul-peria-mul |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{more plot|date=April 2022}}<br /> A blind woman Radha's roommate Usha is murdered by a man, who leaves behind his bracelet. Radha stumbles upon the bracelet and reads the man's name&amp;nbsp;– Anand&amp;nbsp;– on it via [[Braille]]. When Anand returns to collect the bracelet, Radha, having anticipated he would come to murder her as well, stabs him in the stomach with a pair of scissors.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> ;Male cast<br /> * Raja Alfred as Anand&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Shevlin |date=24 October 2017 |title=A spoke through her palm |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/24/a-spoke-through-her-palm-1681975.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412150144/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/24/a-spoke-through-her-palm-1681975.html |archive-date=12 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Sreenath]] as Dr. Arun<br /> * Jayaram as Justice Madhana Gopal<br /> * Madhan as Inspector Kumar<br /> * [[A. Veerappan|Veerappan]] as Krishnamoorthy<br /> <br /> ;Female cast<br /> * [[Shanthi Krishna]] as Radha<br /> * Sumangali as Usha<br /> * Vani as Dolly's mother<br /> * [[Anju (actress)|Baby Anju]] as Dolly&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 November 2020 |title=குழந்தை நட்சத்திரமாக ஜொலித்த பேபி அஞ்சு! இப்போ சீரியல்ல அம்மா... |language=ta |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/tamil-serial-news-baby-anju-sun-tv-magarasi-serial-233428/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208181941/https://tamil.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/tamil-serial-news-baby-anju-sun-tv-magarasi-serial-233428/ |archive-date=8 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> Music composed by [[Shankar–Ganesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chinnamul Periyamul |url=https://gaana.com/album/chinnamul-periyamul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423033809/https://gaana.com/album/chinnamul-periyamul |archive-date=23 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BOLLYWOOD INDIAN Chinnamul Periyamul SHANKAR GANESH EMI 7&quot; 45 RPM 1981 |url=https://www.ecrater.co.uk/p/2136425/bollywood-indian-chinnamul-periyamul-shankar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423033812/https://www.ecrater.co.uk/p/2136425/bollywood-indian-chinnamul-periyamul-shankar |archive-date=23 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=Ecrater}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Iru Vizhigal Malarthathamma<br /> | lyrics1 = Poonkuyilan<br /> | extra1 = [[S. Janaki]], [[P. Jayachandran]]<br /> | length1 = 3:45<br /> | title2 = Iravinil Or Poonguyil<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]<br /> | extra2 = S. Janaki<br /> | length2 = 4:18<br /> | total_length = 8:03 &lt;!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Nalini Sastry of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Rajbharath's direction for maintaining the thrill and suspense.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=சாஸ்திரி |first=நளினி |date=18 October 1981 |title=சின்னமுள் பெரியமுள் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1981/oct/18-10-1981/p68.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=68 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220907090827/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1981/oct/18-10-1981/p68.jpg |archive-date=7 September 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|8938380}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1981 crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:1981 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1980s psychological thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:1981 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1981 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about blind people in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by N. S. Rajbharath]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language psychological thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adarshgram&diff=484541 2026-02-26T20:49:51Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Munger district, Bihar, India}}<br /> {{coord|25|26|29|N|86|32|37|E|display=title}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br /> '''Adarshgram tikarampur''' is a village located in the [[Mahauli]] [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] of [[Munger district]], [[Bihar]] state, [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/Reports/RWS/Physical/R10_11/Rep_CoverageHabs2011_2012PopWiseBlockWiseDetail.aspx?blockid=0000001799&amp;statename=BIHAR&amp;districtname=MUNGER&amp;flag=p11 Coverage of Habitations ( with 100% populationas ) on 01/04/2011] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130063634/http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/Reports/RWS/Physical/R10_11/Rep_CoverageHabs2011_2012PopWiseBlockWiseDetail.aspx?blockid=0000001799&amp;statename=BIHAR&amp;districtname=MUNGER&amp;flag=p11 |date=January 30, 2016 }}, Integrated Management Information System (IMIS)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Munger district}}<br /> {{Munger Division villages}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Munger district]]<br /> <br /> {{Munger-geo-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=SJVN&diff=459923 2026-02-25T16:02:06Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian power generation company}}<br /> [[File:Luhri Hydro Electric Project on Satluj River, Rampur Bsr. (HP).jpg|thumb]]<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = SJVN<br /> | logo = SJVN Logo.png<br /> | type = [[Public company|Public]]<br /> | traded_as = {{NSE|SJVN}} &lt;br /&gt; {{BSE|533206}}<br /> | hq_location_city = [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India<br /> | foundation = 1988<br /> | key_people = Bhupendra Gupta (Chairman &amp; MD)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SJVN to invest Rs 35K cr in 5 yrs |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/sjvn-to-invest-rs-35k-cr-in-5-yrs-169847 |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Rajendra Prasad Goyal Director (Finance)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajendra Prasad Goyal (Director (Finance))|url=https://sjvn.nic.in/BoardOfDirectorDetails/258 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=sjvn.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | owner = [[Government of India]] (59.92%) &lt;br /&gt; [[Government of Himachal Pradesh]] (26.85%)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SJVN Ltd |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/SJVN%20-%20Initiating%20Coverage%20(1).pdf |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=HDFC Securities}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | industry = [[Hydroelectric power]]<br /> | website = {{URL|https://sjvn.nic.in}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''SJVN''', formerly known as '''Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam''', is an Indian [[public sector undertaking]] in the Navaratna Category and involved in [[hydroelectric power]] generation and transmission. It was incorporated in 1988 as ''' Nathpa Jhakri Power Corporation''', a joint venture between the [[Government of India]] and the [[Government of Himachal Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Twesh |title=NTPC eyes centre’s stake in SJVN in a bid to boost non-thermal portfolio |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ntpc-may-buy-centres-stake-in-sjvn/article25688573.ece |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=Business Line |date=7 December 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Sarita |title=SJVN (Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam): Centre looks to sell SJVN stake without Himachal approval |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/centre-looks-to-sell-sjvn-stake-without-himachal-approval/articleshow/67018513.cms |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=10 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company has a total operating [[hydropower]] capacity of 1972 MW through its three hydropower plants—[[Nathpa Jhakri Dam|Nathpa Jhakri]] and [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]] and [[Naitwar Mori, Uttarakhand|Naitwar Mori]]. In addition, it has an installed capacity of 97.6 MW of [[wind power]] and 396.9 MW of [[solar power]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SJVN bags 200 MW solar power project of Rs 1,000 cr in Bihar |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/industry/energy/story/sjvn-bags-200-mw-solar-power-project-of-rs-1000-cr-in-bihar-304223-2021-08-15 |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=Business Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SJVN Hydro Power Station generates highest ever power in July |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sjvn-hydro-power-station-generates-highest-ever-power-in-july/article35695968.ece |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=Business Line |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Beginning with a single project and single state operation, India’s largest 1500 MW [[Nathpa Jhakri Dam|Nathpa Jhakri]] Hydro Power Station in [[Himachal Pradesh]], the company has commissioned twelve generation projects totaling 2466.5 MW of installed capacity and 86 km 400 KV Transmission Line. SJVN is presently implementing or operating power projects in [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Bihar]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Gujarat]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Assam]], [[Odisha]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]].<br /> <br /> Apart from India, SJVN also has under-construction hydroelectric projects in [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal signs USD 1.3 billion mega-deal with India's SJVN to develop 679 MW Lower Arun Hydropower project |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/nepal-signs-usd-1-3-billion-mega-deal-with-indias-sjvn-to-develop-679-mw-lower-arun-hydropower-project-282054 |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SJVN to invest ₹7,000 crore in commissioning Nepal's Bhakra Dam |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/policy/sjvn-to-invest-rs-7-000-crore-in-commissioning-nepal-s-bhakra-dam-11569677728348.html |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=mint |date=28 September 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Haidar |first1=Suhasini |title=India, Bhutan sign pact for first joint venture hydropower project |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-bhutan-sign-pact-for-first-joint-venture-hydropower-project/article31945878.ece |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=29 June 2020 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Subsidiaries==<br /> # SJVN Arun-3 Power Development Company Pvt Ltd (SAPDC)<br /> # SJVN Thermal Private Limited (STPL)<br /> # SJVN Green Energy Limited (SGEL)<br /> <br /> ==Joint ventures==<br /> # Cross Border Power Transmission Company Limited (CPTC)<br /> <br /> ==Operations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sr No !! Power Projects !! State !! Capacity [[Megawatt|(MW)]]<br /> |-<br /> | 1 <br /> | [[Nathpa Jhakri]] Hydro Power Station<br /> | [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> | 1500 <br /> |-<br /> | 2 <br /> | [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]] Hydro Power Station<br /> | [[Himachal Pradesh]] <br /> | 412<br /> |-<br /> | 3 <br /> | [[Parasan]] Solar Power Project <br /> | [[Uttar Pradesh]] <br /> | 75<br /> |-<br /> | 4 <br /> | Charanka Solar Power Project<br /> | [[Gujarat]] <br /> | 5.6<br /> |-<br /> | 5 <br /> | Sadla Wind Power Project <br /> | [[Gujarat]] <br /> | 50<br /> |-<br /> | 6 <br /> | Khirvire Wind Power Project<br /> | [[Maharashtra]] <br /> | 47.6<br /> |-<br /> | 7 <br /> | Solar Power Plant at [[Nathpa Jhakri]]<br /> | [[Himachal Pradesh]] <br /> | 1.310<br /> |-<br /> | 8 <br /> | Naitwar Mori Hydro Power Station<br /> | [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]] [[Uttarakhand]]<br /> | 60<br /> |-<br /> | 9<br /> | [[Dhaulasidh]] Hydro Electric Project<br /> | [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> | 66<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[NHPC]]<br /> * [[Hydroelectric power in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Official website|https://sjvn.nic.in/}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Electric-generation companies of India]]<br /> [[Category:Hydroelectricity in India]]<br /> [[Category:Energy in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian companies established in 1988]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Energy companies established in 1988]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khawara&diff=509677 2026-02-19T15:32:07Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: started new pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Uttarakhand, India}}<br /> {{One source|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Khawara<br /> | native_name = खवाड़ा<br /> | other_name = Khawada<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coords|30|33|20|N|78|39|56|E|display=it}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = State<br /> | subdivision_name1 = Uttarakhand<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Tehri Garhwal district|Tehri Garhwal]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Block<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Ghansali]]<br /> | government_type = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> | leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]<br /> | leader_name = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | population_total = 937<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 249155<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = <br /> | registration_plate = UK-09<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Khawara''' (हिन्दी: खवाड़ा), sometimes spelled '''Khawada''', is a village in the [[Ghansali]] tehsil of [[Tehri Garhwal district]], located in the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]]. It is a part of the Garhwal Himalayas and is governed by a local Gram Panchayat.{{Cn|date=September 2025}}<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Khawara is situated in a hilly region within the Tehri Garhwal district. The village uses the PIN code 249155 for its postal services.{{Cn|date=September 2025}}<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> Based on the [[2011 Census of India]], the village of Khawara was home to 937 people living in 212 households, including 435 males and 502 females.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Khawara Village Population - Ghansali - Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/42773-khawara-uttarakhand.html |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=[[2011 Census of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The literacy rate in Khawara is 69.68%. However, there is a noticeable difference in literacy rates between men and women, with male literacy at 90.49% and female literacy at 52.67%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> == Culture and economy ==<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Tehri Garhwal district]]<br /> <br /> {{India-geo-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._M._Abraham_(politician)&diff=506922 2026-02-07T23:10:48Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: started article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Indian patronymic|Abraham|Kollettu Mani}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = K. M. Abraham<br /> | honorific_suffix = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1919|3|27}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Lok Sabha Profile&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Profile on Lok Sabha Official Website|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1697.htm|access-date=24 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015174653/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/1697.htm|archive-date=15 October 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Pampady]], [[Kottayam]]&lt;ref name=&quot; Lok Sabha Profile &quot; /&gt;<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2006|9|5|1919|3|27}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Obituary&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120212010309/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/07/stories/2006090713230400.htm K.M. Abraham's obituary]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | death_cause = <br /> | resting_place = <br /> | resting_place_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --&gt;<br /> | monuments = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | citizenship = India<br /> | education = English High School, [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthupally]].&lt;ref name=&quot; Lok Sabha Profile &quot; /&gt;<br /> | occupation = Trade Union worker, Politician.<br /> | years_active = 1942–2006<br /> | employer = <br /> | organization = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | style = <br /> | height = &lt;!-- {{height|m=}} --&gt;<br /> | television = <br /> | title = <br /> | term = <br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor = <br /> | party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].&lt;ref name=&quot; Lok Sabha Profile &quot; /&gt;<br /> | movement = <br /> | opponents = <br /> | boards = <br /> | spouse = Annamma Abraham.&lt;ref name=&quot; Lok Sabha Profile &quot; /&gt;<br /> | partner = <br /> | children = 6<br /> | parents = K. E. Mani (father)&lt;ref name=&quot; Lok Sabha Profile &quot; /&gt;<br /> | relatives = <br /> | callsign = <br /> | awards = <br /> | signature = <br /> | signature_alt = <br /> | signature_size = <br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --&gt;<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kollettu Mani Abraham''' (27 March 1919 &amp;ndash; 5 September 2006) was a member of the 4th [[Lok Sabha]] of [[India]]. He represented the [[Kottayam]] constituency of [[Kerala]] and was a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] political party.&lt;ref name=&quot; Lok Sabha Profile &quot; /&gt; He was in office from March 1967 to December 1970.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> He was born to Aliyamma and K. E. Mani, son of Eapen of the Kollettu Family.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-12-24 |title=Shri K.M. Abraham MP biodata Kottayam {{!}} ENTRANCE INDIA |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/shri-k-m-abraham-member-of-parliament-mp-from-kottayam-kerala-biodata/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Abraham was educated in English High School, [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthupally]] and was a full-time political and trade union worker. He was associated with [[Indian National Congress]] prior to joining the Communist Party in 1942. He was imprisoned for more than four years on account of political activities.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lok Sabha Profile&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of members of the 15th Lok Sabha of India]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Abraham, K. M.}}<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Kottayam]]<br /> [[Category:1919 births]]<br /> [[Category:2006 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Kerala MLAs 1980–1982]]<br /> [[Category:Malayali politicians]]<br /> <br /> {{Kerala-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adikmet&diff=447428 2026-02-04T09:35:12Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{refimprove|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Adikmet<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = neighbourhood<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Hyderabad#India Telangana#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|17.40698|N|78.51284|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Metro<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = [[GHMC]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 500 044<br /> | registration_plate =TG <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Secunderabad]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = Musheerabad <br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br /> | website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Adikmet''' is an urban locality in [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]], [[India]]. Mainly a residential area, it is very close to [[Osmania University]]'s campus. The neighbourhood has a Hanuman temple and is located near the road from [[Nallakunta]] to [[Tarnaka]]{{According to whom|date=February 2026}}.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> As per some historical accounts, Adikmet which means &quot;Supreme Heights&quot; was once a [[Jagir]] which the Second Nizam [[Nasir Jung|Mir Ahmed Ali Khan]] had granted to [[Mah Laqa Bai]]. The erstwhile ''Jagir'' of Adikmet totalling an area of about {{convert|1600|acre|km2|spell=in}} today houses the Osmania University campus. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/220317/hyderabad-osmania-universitys-rare-manuscripts-revealed.html#:~:text=According%20to%20historical%20accounts%2C%20Mah,Asaf%20Jahi%20dynasty%20of%20Hyderabad|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|first=Gowri Shaker|last=C. R.|title=Osmania University's rare manuscripts revealed|date=2017-03-22|access-date=2026-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Transport ==<br /> {{Unsourced|section|date=June 2020}}<br /> [[TSRTC]] buses connects Adikmet with all parts of the city. The closest [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS Train station]] is at [[Jamia Osmania]].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> <br /> {{Neighbourhoods of Hyderabad}}<br /> {{Hyderabad-geo-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Kincaid_(civil_servant)&diff=545764 2026-01-29T19:15:16Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up A Details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian administrator (1831 – 1909)}}<br /> '''William Kincaid''', (1831–1909) was an administrator in India. A member of the Indian Civil Service, he rose to the rank of Major-General and was sometime Resident of [[Bhopal]]. He was married to Pattie Kincaid and they had a son, [[Charles Augustus Kincaid]].&lt;ref&gt;Pattie Kincaid's name and letters preserved in the archive of the V&amp;A, see &quot;Sanchi Torso.&quot; Online: https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O24780/the-sanchi-torso-torso-unknown/. Retrieved 02 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Kincaid was born on 30 October 1831 and went to India as an Ensign in the Madras Army in March 1849. In 1864 his career in [[Malwa]] began when he was appointed to adjust boundaries disputes in the [[Bhopal Agency]]. In 1866 he shifted to [[Bundelkhand]] as an assistant political agent and was a judge and cantonment magistrate in [[Nowgong, Chhatarpur]].<br /> <br /> Kincaid was promoted to Political Agent, [[Bhopal]] in August 1876. In 1879 he became the Political Agent, [[Bhopawar]], and commandant, Malwa Bhil Corps.&lt;ref&gt; Alfred Poingdestre, ''A Short History of the Malwa Bhil Corps'' (Lucknow: Newul Kishore Press, 1905).&lt;/ref&gt; Finally, in 1881, Kincaid returned to Bhopal as Political Agent.<br /> <br /> In 1886, Kincaid returned to Europe and in 1890 was promoted to the rank of Major-General. In 1891 he moved to Italy, but by the time of his death on 2 November 1909, he had returned to Britain. He died in [[Bournemouth]].<br /> [[File:The Sanchi Torso.JPG|thumb|The [[Sanchi]] Torso, V&amp;A number IM.184-1910]]<br /> <br /> ==Antiquarian Activities==<br /> Aside from some publications on Malwa, Kincaid is best known for the [[Sanchi]] Torso at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] which he put on loan to the museum when he left for Italy.&lt;ref&gt; William Kincaid, &quot;Rambles among Ruins in Central India,&quot; ''The Indian Antiquary'' 17 (1888): 348-52. Available online: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233055. Retrieved 02 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; The sculpture was purchased from his widow after his death. &lt;ref&gt; John Irwin, &quot;The Sanchi Torso,&quot; ''V&amp;A Museum Year Book 3'' (London, 1972); M. Willis, ''Buddhist Reliquaries from Ancient India'' (London: British Museum, 2000), p. 76, fig. 63.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{cite book|ref=none|title=The Kincaids, Two Generations of a British Family in the Indian Civil Service|author=Tikekar, Aroon|author-link=Aroon Tikekar|location=New Delhi|publisher=Promilla &amp; Co.|year=1992|isbn=978-81-85002-13-2}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210190004/http://clan-kincaid.org/history.html Kincaid Clan history]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kincaid, William}}<br /> [[Category:1831 births]]<br /> [[Category:1909 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Historians of India]]<br /> [[Category:British India judges]]<br /> [[Category:British people in British India]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from British India]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritesh_Vasava&diff=530605 2026-01-25T16:44:59Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: created article - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> <br /> '''Ritesh Kumar Ramanbhai Vasava''' (born 1978)&lt;ref name=&quot;myneta&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Riteshkumar Ramanbhai Vasava(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- JHAGADIA (ST)(BHARUCH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5627 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=www.myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Jhagadia Assembly constituency, which is a reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[Bharuch district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=Gujarat Jhagadia Election Result 2022: Ritesh Vasava ensures BJP's first win |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/politics/news-gujarat-jhagadia-election-resuit-2022-ritesh-vasava-bjp-btp-chhotu-vasava-bhagat-urmilaben-mukeshbhai-aap-212043 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=Zee Business |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BJP Wins Gujarat's Jhagadia For 1st Time, Unseat 7-Time MLA Chhotubhai Vasava |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-wins-gujarats-jhagadia-for-1st-time-unseat-7-time-mla-chhotubhai-vasava-3590523 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=Jhagadia Election Result 2022 LIVE: BJP's Riteshkumar Ramanbhai Vasava defeats Chhotubhai Vasava - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/jhagadia-election-result-2022-live-how-to-check-election-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-15348401.htm |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Vasava is from [[Zaghadia|Jhagadia]], Bharuch district, Gujarat. He is the son of Ramanbhai Vasava. He studied Class 9 at Shri Indrajeet Vidhyalay, Umarva and passed the examinations in 1991. He later discontinued his studies.&lt;ref name=&quot;myneta&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Vasava won from [[Jhagadiya Assembly constituency|Jhagadia Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 89,933 votes and defeated his nearest rival and seven time MLA, [[Chhotubhai Vasava]] an [[Independent politician|independent candidate]] and co founder of [[Bharatiya Tribal Party]], by a margin of 23,500 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06152.htm?ac=152 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131175704/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06152.htm?ac=152 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences with his son and the other co founder, Mahesh Vasava, forced him to contest as an independent candidate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Neelam |date=8 December 2022 |title=Gujarat tribal face &amp; 7-time MLA Chhotubhai loses to BJP's Ritesh Vasava in Jhagadia |url=https://theprint.in/politics/gujarats-tribal-face-and-7-time-mla-chhotubhai-vasava-trailing-in-jhagadia-bjp-candidate-in-lead/1252955/ |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[Results of the 2009 Indian general election by constituency|2009 Indian general election in Gujara]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;t, he lost from [[Bardoli Lok Sabha constituency]] to the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary]] by a margin of 58,985 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC Summary: Bardoli 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/summary/7307 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=IndiaVotes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vasava, Ritesh}}<br /> [[Category:1978 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]<br /> [[Category:People from Bharuch district]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konal,_Maharashtra,_India&diff=510405 2026-01-22T09:32:36Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: started details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Rural village in Maharashtra}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Konal<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = India<br /> | subdivision_type1 = State<br /> | subdivision_name1 = Maharashtra<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = Sindhudurg<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Taluka<br /> | subdivision_name3 = Dodamarg<br /> | population_total = 2070<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | timezone = IST<br /> | utc_offset = +5:30<br /> | coordinates = <br /> {{coord|15.849|N|73.867|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> }}<br /> [[File:कालवा गेट.jpg|कालवा गेट|thumb]]<br /> '''Konal''' is a rural village in the [[Dodamarg taluka]] of [[Sindhudurg district]] in [[Maharashtra]], India. The village lies close to the [[Western Ghats]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sindhudurg District Census Handbook |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/603/download/2095/DH_2011_2730_PART_B_DCHB_SINDHUDURG.pdf |website=Census India 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Konal village is situated on the banks of the [[Tilari River]]. The surrounding area consists of hills, dense forests, and a rich natural environment filled with biodiversity. The [[Tillari (Forebay) Dam]], one of the major water sources in Dodamarg taluka, is a popular tourist attraction in the region.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tilari Dam Information |url=https://mahabms.gov.in/tilari-dam |publisher=Government of Maharashtra}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:पुच्छ कालवा.jpg|पुच्छ कालवा|thumb]]<br /> [[File:धरण जलाशय.jpg|धरण जलाशय|thumb]]<br /> <br /> == Administration ==<br /> The local governance of the village is handled by the Gram Panchayat Konal. The Gram Panchayat manages water supply, sanitation, roads, local amenities, and various rural development activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Konal |url=https://sindhudurg.gov.in |publisher=Government of Maharashtra}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> According to the 2011 Census of India, Konal has a total population of 2,070, with an almost equal number of males and females.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Economy ==<br /> Agriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry are the primary occupations in Konal. Major crops include rice, finger millet, cashew, coconut, betel nut, and banana. The cashew-processing industry in Sindhudurg district provides employment opportunities to local farmers.<br /> [[File:नारळ बाग.jpg|नारळ बाग|thumb]]<br /> [[File:केळी बाग.jpg|केळी बाग|thumb]]<br /> [[File:राफटिंग.jpg|राफटिंग|thumb]]<br /> <br /> == Wildlife and environment ==<br /> The surroundings of the village are rich in biodiversity. The Tilari Canyon Wildlife Corridor is an important forested region near the village and is home to species such as Indian bison (gaur), sambar deer, foxes, monitor lizards, and a variety of birds and plants.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tilari Conservation Reserve Notification |url=https://mahaforest.gov.in |publisher=Forest Department, Maharashtra}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> The village has a primary school, and nearby areas have access to high school education. Basic educational facilities are available for students in and around the village.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=School Education and Sports Department Maharashtra |url=https://education.maharashtra.gov.in }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:स्टुडेंट.jpg|स्टुडेंट|thumb]]<br /> [[File:शाळेची इमारत.jpg|शाळेची इमारत|thumb]]<br /> [[File:कोनाळ शाळा.jpg|कोनाळ शाळा|thumb]]<br /> <br /> == Culture ==<br /> Konal village has temples dedicated to deities such as Sateri Devi, Bhootnath, Ganapati, and Hanuman. Annual fairs, Navaratri celebrations, bhajan events, and traditional cultural programs strengthen social harmony among the villagers.<br /> [[File:ग्रामदेवता सतेरी भूतनाथ.jpg|ग्रामदेवता सतेरी भूतनाथ|thumb]]<br /> [[File:खंडेराया भवानी.jpg|खंडेराया भवानी|thumb]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-tillari-area-in-sindhudurg-declared-conservation-reserve-6473276/ Indian Express – Tillari area in Sindhudurg declared conservation reserve]<br /> * [https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/maharashtra-government-declares-29-53-sq-km-area-in-konkan-a-conservation-reserve/story-OpmsdlK6dyR55at5JBntCL.html Hindustan Times – Maharashtra government declares conservation reserve in Konkan]<br /> * [https://www.justdial.com/Sindhudurg/Temples-in-Konal/nct-10475644 Justdial – Temples in Konal, Sindhudurg]<br /> * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316360306_ETHNOFLORISTIC_DIVERSITY_IN_DODAMARG_REGION_MS_CENTRAL_WESTERN_GHATS_INDIA ResearchGate – Ethnofloristic diversity in Dodamarg region, Western Ghats]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAXzfbJ_98Q YouTube – Video related to Tillari conservation reserve]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Sindhudurg district]]<br /> <br /> {{Improve categories|date=December 2025}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_in_Punjab,_India&diff=536941 2026-01-22T01:54:04Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up Pg.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br /> [[File:Chandigarh hockey stadium.JPG|thumb|right|Chandigarh hockey stadium]]<br /> [[File:LightsMohali.png|thumb|right|LightsMohali: Cricket]]<br /> [[File:PCA Stadium, Mohali 1.jpg|thumb|right|PCA Stadium, Mohali 1]]<br /> [[File:A young boy practising, Gatka, SIkh martial art.jpg|thumb|right|A young practitioner with chakari]]<br /> {{Punjabis}}<br /> Punjabis play a wide variety of sports and games, ranging from modern games such as [[field hockey|hockey]] and [[cricket]], to the more traditional games such as [[Kabaddi]], Kushtian (wrestling) and Khuddo khoondi (similar to hockey). There are over 100 traditional games and sports of [[Punjab]].&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated5&quot;&gt;Khed ate sehat varta by Sarwan Singh Sangam Publications {{ISBN|93-82804-98-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> To promote traditional games of Punjab, the state government has since 2014 been working on initiatives to promote the Punjab Rural Games. The games will include sports such as Kushtian in the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Kabaddi-world-cup-semi-to-be-played-in-Pakistan-Punjab/articleshow/41242256.cms|title=Kabaddi world cup semi to be played in Pakistan Punjab &amp;#124; Chandigarh News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=30 August 2014 |access-date=22 May 2023|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202050506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Kabaddi-world-cup-semi-to-be-played-in-Pakistan-Punjab/articleshow/41242256.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The sports played in Punjab include the following:<br /> <br /> ==Cricket==<br /> {{main article|Punjab cricket team (India)}}<br /> [[File:PCA Stadium Mohali wide.jpg|thumb|PCA Stadium Mohali wide]]<br /> Cricket is a favourite sport of Punjabis. The sport is governed at State level by the Punjab Cricket Association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricketpunjab.in/|title=I.S. Bindra PCA Stadium Mohali|website=www.cricketpunjab.in|access-date=22 May 2023|archive-date=14 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514072428/https://cricketpunjab.in/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Kings XI Punjab]] are a franchise cricket team based in [[Mohali]], Punjab, that plays in the [[Indian Premier League]].<br /> <br /> ==Gatka==<br /> {{main article|Gatka}}<br /> Gatka ({{langx|pa|ਗਤਕਾ}}) is a traditional South Asian form of combat-training in which wooden sticks are used to simulate swords in sparring matches.<br /> <br /> ==Kabaddi==<br /> {{main article|Punjabi Kabaddi}}<br /> [[File:Kabaddi pictogram.svg|thumb|Pictogram of Kabaddi]]<br /> [[File:Kabaddi in wadala sandhuan.jpg|thumb|left|Kabaddi in wadala sandhuan]]<br /> [[File:Circle Style Kabaddi ground.jpg|thumb|Circle Style Kabaddi ground]]<br /> <br /> ===Punjab Circle style===<br /> This is the state game of Punjab.<br /> <br /> ===Kabaddi World Cup===<br /> {{main article|Kabaddi in India}}<br /> Punjab has been coordinating the Kabaddi World cup since 2010 which is based on the Punjab Circle style. The Men's final in the World cup of 2014 was played between India and Pakistan and was won by India 45–42.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/indian-men-women-win-world-cup-kabaddi-titles_1517982.html|title=Indian men, women win World Cup Kabaddi titles|date=20 December 2014|website=Zee News|access-date=22 May 2023|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128151053/https://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/indian-men-women-win-world-cup-kabaddi-titles_1517982.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Women's final was between India and New Zealand with India winning 36–27 for the second time in a row.<br /> <br /> The closing ceremony was held at the Guru Gobind Singh Stadium, Badal [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]. Star acts included Arif Lohar, Miss Poojaa, Gippy Grewal, and Satinder Satti. American motorcyclists also performed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.itsworldcuplive.com/kabaddi-world-cup-2014-closing-ceremony-live-on-geo-super-ptc-news/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226081810/http://www.itsworldcuplive.com/kabaddi-world-cup-2014-closing-ceremony-live-on-geo-super-ptc-news/ |archive-date=26 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===World Kabaddi League===<br /> {{further|World Kabaddi League}} {{main article|Kabaddi}}<br /> '''World Kabaddi League''' was introduced in 2014. The league followed the rules &amp; guidelines as defined by the Punjab&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/world-kabaddi-league-announces-team-franchise-names-and-logos/488061-5-23.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726211143/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/world-kabaddi-league-announces-team-franchise-names-and-logos/488061-5-23.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-07-26|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt; circle&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldkabaddileague.net/governance.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140921064945/http://www.worldkabaddileague.net/governance.html|archive-date = 21 September 2014|url-status=usurped|title = Governance - Independent society promoting professional Kabaddi around the world}}&lt;/ref&gt; style Kabaddi. The league was played across four countries&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldkabaddileague.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514081335/http://www.worldkabaddileague.net/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 May 2014 |title=Home - The official website of World Kabaddi League |publisher=Worldkabaddileague.net |date=2014-08-09 |access-date=2014-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; from August 2014 to December 2014.<br /> <br /> ===Traditional Punjabi Kabaddi styles===<br /> <br /> ====Lambi Kauddi====<br /> In Lambi Kauddi ({{langx|pa|ਲੰਬੀ ਕੌਡੀ}})&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; there are 15 players with a circular pitch of 15–20 feet. There is no outer limit. The players can run as far they can. There is no referee. The raider will say &quot;kauddi, kauddi&quot; throughout the attack.<br /> <br /> ====Saunchi Kauddi====<br /> Saunchi Kauddi ({{langx|pa|ਸੌਚੀ ਕੌਡੀ}})&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;&gt;Punjab Diyan Virasiti Kheda by Suhdev Maudhupuri. Chetna Parkashan {{ISBN|817883213-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; (also called Saunchi pakki/{{langx|pa|ਸੌਚੀ ਪੱਕੀ}}) can best be described as being similar to boxing. It is popular in the Malwa area of Punjab. It is unlimited players with a circular playing pitch. A bamboo with a red cloth is dug into the ground which is paraded by the winner.<br /> <br /> In sauchi kabaddi, the raider will hit the defender but only on the chest. The defender will then hold the raiders wrist. A foul is declared if any other part of the body is grabbed. If the defender hold the raiders wrist and restricts his movement, he will be declared the winner. If the raider loses the grip of the defender, then the raider will be the winner.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Goongi Kabaddi====<br /> A popular style is &quot;Goongi Kabaddi&quot; ({{langx|pa|ਗੂੰਗੀ ਕਬੱਡੀ}}) (silent Kabaddi) where a raider player does not speak and say the word kabaddi but just touches the opponent's team player and the whom he touches only that player will try to stop the player. The struggle will continue till he reaches the starting line or acknowledge the defeat and loses a point, or if he safely reaches the starting line, he will get the point.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<br /> <br /> ==Hockey==<br /> [[File:Chandigarh hockey stadium.JPG|thumb|right|Chandigarh hockey stadium]]<br /> {{Main article|Punjab Warriors}}<br /> <br /> [[Field hockey|Hockey]] is a popular sport in Punjab. The state has its own team: [[Punjab Warriors]].<br /> <br /> The other team is the [[Sher-e-Punjab]] professional field hockey team based in Jalandhar, Punjab that plays in World Series Hockey.<br /> <br /> ==Football==<br /> '''Punjab Football Association''' (PFA) is the state governing body of [[association football|football]] in [[Punjab, India]]. It is affiliated with the [[All India Football Federation]], the sports national governing body. Then [[JCT FC]] and [[Punjab FC]] played in the [[I-League]]. The club now competes in the [[Indian Super League]], the top flight of the Indian football league system, following promotion from the [[2022–23 I-League]].<br /> <br /> ==Basketball==<br /> Punjab has traditionally been home to several of India's top basketball players who have represented the [[India national basketball team|country's national basketball team]].<br /> <br /> In 2016, the [[Punjab Steelers]] were runners-up of the [[UBA Pro Basketball League]], India's national championship for professional basketball teams.<br /> <br /> ==Traditional sports and games==<br /> There are a wide variety of traditional games played by children and adults. With the spread of games such as hockey and cricket, some of the traditional Punjabi games are not played as much as they once were.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; However, the current repertoire of traditional Punjabi games is wide and this article gives an outline of some of the games.<br /> <br /> In order to play a game, it is necessary to select the captain who is known as a dayee ({{Langx|pa|ਦਾਈ|label=none}}), meetee ({{Langx|pa|ਮੀਟੀ|label=none}}), or pit. There are various ways of selecting players. One method used by children to select the captain is by all the players standing in a circle, with one player going around the circle singing:<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''Engan mengan''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Tali talengan''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Kalaa peelaa dakra''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Gurh kahava bail vadhava''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Moollee patra''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Patra valey ghorhay aya''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Hath kutarhee per kutarhee''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Nikal balya teri vari''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; <br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ਏਂਗਣ ਮੇਂਗਣ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਤਲੀ ਤਲੇਂਗਣ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਕਾਲਾ ਪੀਲਾ ਡੱਕਰਾ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਗੂੜ ਖਾਵਾਂਂ ਵੇਲ ਵਧਾਵਾਂ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਮੂਲੀ ਪੱਤਰਾ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਪੱਤਰਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਘੋੜੇ ਆਏ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਹੱਥ ਕੁਤਾੜੀ ਪੈਰ ਕੁਤਾੜੀ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਨਿਕਲ ਬਾਲਿਆ ਤੇਰੀ ਵਾਰੀ''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; <br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The player saying the above will stop at the player when the song finishes who then is selected. The last player becomes the captain.<br /> <br /> ==Male sports and games==<br /> [[File:Bhartiya Kushti Logo.jpg|thumb|Bhartiya Kushti Logo]]<br /> <br /> ===Kushtian ({{langx|pa|ਕੁਸ਼ਤੀਆ}})===<br /> [[File:Two men wrestling - Tashrih al-aqvam (1825), f.203v - BL Add. 27255.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration of two wrestlers (1825)]]<br /> The wrestling will take place in a circular court with soft ground which in Punjabi is called an &quot;[[Akhara|akharha]]&quot;. Two wrestlers will continue to wrestle until the back of one touches the ground. The winner will parade the court with the loser following him.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; The wrestlers are called [[Pehlwani|Pehlwans]] who train with modern weights and traditional weights such as a [[Gada (mace)]].<br /> <br /> The aim of kushti is to wrestle the opponent and to block the other player. The traditional methods of wrestling in the Punjab include the following:&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated5&quot;/&gt;<br /> * kalajang marna ({{langx|pa|ਕਲਾਜੰਗ ਮਾਰਨਾ}}), {{lang|pa|rela karna}} ({{langx|pa|ਰੇਲਾ ਕਰਨਾ}}), dhaak charhna ({{langx|pa|ਢਾਕ ਚਾੜਨਾ,}}) patti paina ({{langx|pa|ਪੱਟੀ ਪੈਣਾ}}), Multani marni ({{langx|pa|ਮੁਲਤਾਨੀ ਮਾਰਨੀ}}), andar tangi ({{langx|pa|ਅੰਦਰ ਟੰਗੀ}}), bahar tangi ({{langx|pa|ਬਾਹਰ ਟੰਗੀ}}), dhobi pattrha ({{langx|pa|ਧੋਬੀ ਪਟੜਾ}}), morha ({{langx|pa|ਮੋੜਾ}}), killi ({{langx|pa|ਕਿੱਲੀ}}), suttne hath pauna ({{langx|pa|ਸੂਟਨੇ ਹੱਥ ਪਾਉਣਾ}}), andarli te baharli marni ({{langx|pa|ਅੰਦਰਲੀ ਤੇ ਬਾਹਰਲੀ ਮਾਰਨੀ}}), sutt karni ({{langx|pa|ਸੁੱਟ ਕਰਨੀ}}), jholi karni ({{langx|pa|ਝੋਲੀ ਕਰਨੀ,}}) gaphuaa marna ({{langx|pa|ਗਫੂਆ ਮਾਰਨਾ}}), nkale puttna ({{langx|pa|ਨਕਾਲੋੰ ਪੁੱਟਣਾ}}), ghorhi pauni ({{langx|pa|ਘੋੜੀ ਪਾਉਣੀ}}), machhi gota marna ({{langx|pa|ਮੱਛੀ ਗੋਤਾ ਮਾਰਨਾ}}), goda tekna ({{langx|pa|ਗੋਡਾ ਟੇਕਣਾ}}), burhka kadhna ({{langx|pa|ਬੁੜਕਾ ਕੱਢਣਾ}}), saltu ({{langx|pa|ਸਾਲਤੂ}}), munna pherna ({{langx|pa|ਮੁੰਨਾ ਫੇਰਨਾ}}), karhunga ({{langx|pa|ਕੁੜੰਗਾ}}), joorh ({{langx|pa|ਜੂੜ}}), kulla ({{langx|pa|ਕੁੱਲਾ}}), chomukhya ({{langx|pa|ਚੌਮੁਖੀਆ}}), bagti ({{langx|pa|ਬਾਗੜੀ}}), raam baan ({{langx|pa|ਰਾਮ ਬਾਣ}}), porhi ({{langx|pa|ਪੌੜੀ}}), kunda ({{langx|pa|ਕੁੰਡਾ}}), ik tangi ({{langx|pa|ੲਿੱਕ ਤੰਗੀ}}), savari ({{langx|pa|ਸ਼ਵਾਰੀ}}), rerh ({{langx|pa|ਰੇੜ}}), charkha ({{langx|pa|ਚਰਖਾ}}), janeyoo ({{langx|pa|ਜਨੇਊ}}), ({{langx|pa|ਕਰਾਸ਼}}), puthi ({{langx|pa|ਪੁੱਠੀ}}), putha ({{langx|pa|ਪੁੱਠਾ}}), bagal ({{langx|pa|ਬਗਲ}}), savi ({{langx|pa|ਸ਼ਾਵੀ}}), dasti ({{langx|pa|ਦਸ਼ਤੀ}}), tega ({{langx|pa|ਤੇਗਾ}}).<br /> <br /> ===Khuddo khoondi ({{langx|pa|ਖਿੱਦੋ ਖੂੰਡੀ}})===<br /> [[File:Desi Playground.jpg|thumb|Desi Playground]]<br /> Similar to field hockey, the game involves using a ball made of rags and a stick with a natural curve at one end. The stick would normally be a tree branch.&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUdYFH9skIkC&amp;q=Peecho+bakree&amp;pg=PA7|title=East of Indus: My Memories of Old Punjab|first=Gurnam Singh Sidhu|last=Brard|date=20 June 2007|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=9788170103608|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===[[Gilli-danda|Gulli danda]]({{langx|pa|ਗੁੱਲੀ ਡੰਡਾ}})===<br /> Similar to cricket. Guli Danda is an amateur sport, popular among rural youth in the Punjab. It is a game played by boys individually and in a team depending upon the availability of players. It can be played in a variety of ways depending on the rule made at the beginning of game. In this game, a thick stick, almost three feet long and a small piece of wood which has sharp edges is needed, and a small piece of wood called gully which is hit with the stick (Danda) and the opposition has to out the player by catching the flying wood when it is hit by player.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nartangulal.blogspot.com/2009/02/punjab-traditional-games-almost_08.html|title=India : Biggest Democracy,Great Country: Punjab: Traditional Games almost obsolete|first=Nartan|last=Gulal|date=8 February 2009|access-date=22 May 2023|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331132613/https://nartangulal.blogspot.com/2009/02/punjab-traditional-games-almost_08.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Rassakashi ({{langx|pa|ਰੱਸਾਕਸ਼ੀ}})===<br /> [[File:Tug of war pictogram.svg|thumb|Tug of war pictogram]]<br /> Tug of war with two teams: Men generally played this game but women also participate in the game. A line is drawn between the two teams, each having one end of the rope in its hands.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Dand parhangrha ({{langx|pa|ਡੰਡ ਪੜਾਂਗੜਾ}})===<br /> A group of boys gather around a tree. A circle with a diameter of 2 1/2 feet is drawn. A short stick is placed in the circle. One boy is selected to pick the stick and throw it as far possible, by swinging it under his leg. Another boy is selected to collect the stick during which time all the boys run up the tree. The boy who has collected the stick places it in the circle. The other boys try to get the stick before being caught by the boy who placed it there. If the boy who placed the stick tags another player before anyone picks up the stick, the boy who has been tagged is the one who has to stay on the ground and try to tag another player. If a player picks up the stick before the original player on the ground who collected the stick tags another, the game ends and a new game start but the original player has to tag another player.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Bandar keela ({{langx|pa|ਬਾਂਦਰ ਕੀਲਾ}})=== <br /> This Game Start was Since 1902 5 October<br /> Boys play this game in winter by digging a pole into the ground and attaching a four-foot rope. All the boys place their shoes near the pole. The boy who is holding the rope (the key player) is meant to stop the other boys from getting their shoes.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt; During the game, if the key player touches another player then that player becomes the key player(bandar) and the game goes on ....&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punjabispot.com/punjab/culture-of-punjab.html|title=Punjabi Culture|website=www.punjabispot.com|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009033406/http://www.punjabispot.com/punjab/culture-of-punjab.html|url-status=usurped}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Tibla tiblee ({{langx|pa|ਟਿਬਲਾ ਟਿਬਲੀ}})===<br /> This is a boys and a teenagers game. The boys will form two teams. Team one will ask team two, &quot;which house in the village has 3 (x) and 4(y)?&quot; If the other team guess, they win but if not, the losing team will have to carry the winning boys on their backs to the house in question.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Rabb di Khuti ({{langx|pa|ਰਬ ਦੀ ਖੁਤੀ}})===<br /> [[File:Punjabi game Rabb di khuti.jpg|thumb|Punjabi game Rabb di khuti]]<br /> The game is played by as many players wish to play who will select the key player (dyee). The players will use a soft ground and dig holes about 9&quot; wide and 6&quot; deep. Each hole is called a khuti. There will be as many holes as there are players. In the middle of the playing ground, a larger hole will be dug out and is referred to as rabb di khuti (God's hole).<br /> <br /> The key player will throw a ball made of rags high into the air. The player that catches it will then be carried by the key player to enable key player to kick the ball into the hole. If he does, the two players switch and the key player will be carried enabling the other player to kick the ball. If the player kicks the ball into another player's hole, then the two will switch sides. This is repeated for all the players. If the ball lands in the rabb di khuti, the player who threw the ball will try to tag another player with the ball. All the other players try to avoid being hit.<br /> <br /> ===Noon miani ({{langx|pa|ਨੂਣ ਮਿਆਣੀ}})===<br /> [[File:Punjabi game Noon Miani.jpg|thumb|left|Punjabi game Noon Miani]]<br /> The game is played on a grid on the ground with an approximate measurement of 25 meters in each side. 4 boxes of equal size are drawn in the grid leaving a 2-meter track on the outskirts. In the center of the grid, a fifth square is drawn filled with a heap of sand or soil (mitti di dheri ({{langx|pa|ਮਿਟੀ ਦੀ ਢੇਰੀ}})) which represents salt. Outside the grid, another box is drawn on the northern edge, in the center which represents the store called sandook ({{langx|pa|ਸੰਦੂਕ}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The key player is selected to mind the salt in the center square. The other players try to get the salt and run along the pathways to go to the other side of the store. The key player's aim is to tag the other players.<br /> <br /> To start the game, one player will touch the key player's hand and then run away to avoid being tagged. If the other players step into the 4 boxes in the grid, they will be killed and declared &quot;madeen&quot; ({{langx|pa|ਮਦੀਨ}}). The key player cannot go backwards on the track, until he reaches the end of the box, whilst remaining on the track. He cannot step into any box in the grid.<br /> <br /> Players who take the salt and run across the store area are declared &quot;nar&quot; ({{langx|pa|ਨਰ.}}) The players who get tagged become &quot;madeen&quot;. The key player will become &quot;nar&quot; after tagging another player. Otherwise, he will be &quot;madeen&quot;. Once all players become either&quot;nar&quot; or &quot;madeen&quot;, the game ends.<br /> <br /> At this point, the players who have crossed the store area and have become &quot;nar&quot; will stand in a line. About 25 metres away, the &quot;madeen&quot; group will stand in a line. The &quot;nar&quot; players will ask the &quot;madeen&quot; players: &quot;bil bachya di maa, roti pakki ai ki na?&quot; (translation: bill's mother, are the chapattis made?) ({{langx|pa|ਬਿਲ ਬਚਿਆ ਦੀ ਮਾਂਂ. ਰੋਟੀ ਪਕੀ ਏ ਕਿ ਨਾ?}}). If the &quot;madeen&quot; group say no, the &quot;nar&quot; group will ask the question again until the &quot;madeen&quot; group say, yes. At this point, all the players run to tag each other. The &quot;madeen&quot; players who get tagged by the &quot;nar&quot; players, will need to carry them to the centre square. The game then starts again but this time, the key player will be the player who became &quot;madeen&quot; first.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Tipri===<br /> [[Tipri dance (Punjab)|Tipri]] is a dance cum team sport played on the festive occasion of Vamana Dwadashi on the streets, predominantly in the current city of [[Patiala]] but also [[Ambala]]. The base of the sport is that each participating team member holds two sticks (similar to Dandiya sticks), in each of their hands, one attached with the rope to the concentric top of the circle that they play in. They move around in a rotating coupling fashion to entangle the complete elongated ropes in the centre, and then disentangle by performing in the reverse fashion.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated4&quot;&gt;Randhawa,Mohinder Singh. (1960) Punjab: Itihas, Kala, Sahit, te Sabiachar aad.Bhasha Vibhag, Punjab, Patiala.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Female sports and games==<br /> <br /> ===Thaal ({{langx|pa|ਥਾਲ}})===<br /> This is played by a group of girls using a ball made of seven layers of cloth. The ball is bounced in one hand with the girl singing rhymes. The girl who sings the longest is the winner.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Kikli ({{langx|pa|ਕਿੱਕਲੀ}})===<br /> [[File:Ready to perform punjabi cultural dance&quot; Gidha&quot; 2013-10-26 18-05.jpg|thumb|Ready to perform Punjabi kikli]]<br /> [[Kikkli|Kikli]] is another game, basically for women. Two girls clasp their hands and move in circle. This is a game, which was played by two or four girls and multiple of two thereof.<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''Kikli kleer di''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Pag mere vir dee''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Daupatta mere bhai da''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Phitte mun jawai da''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ਕਿਕਲੀ ਕਲੀਰ ਦੀ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਪੱਗ ਮੇਰੇ ਵੀਰ ਦੀ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਦੁਪੱਟਾ ਮੇਰੇ ਭਾਈਦਾ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਫਿਟੇ ਮੂੰਹ ਜੁਵਾਈਦਾ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Adhi chharhappa ({{langx|pa|ਅੱਡੀ ਛੜੱਪਾ}})===<br /> This is played by two teams of girls with around 6 players in each team. Two girls from team 1 will sit on the floor with their legs straight and their feet touching. A girl from team 2 will jump over the legs of the girls of team 1, without touching them. If she succeeds, two more girls from team 1 will join her team players on the floor thereby widening the area for the next player of team 1 to jump over. This carries on until all the girls from team 1 have jumped over the girls if team 2, after which the players of team 1 will sit on the floor.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Gheeta Pathar ({{langx|pa|ਗੀਟਾ ਪੱਥਰ}})===<br /> Some pebbles, stones or broken earthenware can be broken further into pieces and used for playing Gheeta Pather. The players will draw a circle on the floor and throw 5 pieces into the circle. The aim of the game is to throw each stone into the air and catch it before it falls without touching the other stones. The player must collect all the stones in one hand.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Peecho bakree ({{langx|pa|ਪੀਚੋ ਬਕਰੀ}})===<br /> [[File:Peecho Bakree.jpg|thumb|Peecho Bakree]]<br /> [[File:Punjabi game Peecho Bakri.jpg|thumb|left|Punjabi game Peecho Bakri]]<br /> Similar to hopscotch.&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.co.uk&quot;/&gt; It is also called adda khadda. The game involves drawing 8 or 10 boxes on the ground. Starting on the right, the boxes will be numbered going across with box 5 on the right having a diagonal line.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The player will throw the stone on box 1 and hop onto box 1. Whilst hopping, using the other leg, the player will kick the stone across to box 2 and then hop to that box. The aim is to hop to each box whilst ensuring the stone does not go out of the intended box. When the player gets to box 5, she will need to put both feet in each section of the box and then continue to the other boxes.<br /> <br /> ===Hara samundar ({{langx|pa|ਹਰਾ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ}})===<br /> A group of girls stand in a circle and link arms. One girl stand in the middle. The area in the circle is meant to be the sea. The girls forming the ring ask the girl in the middle, how deep is the water in sequence. She would reply, ankle deep and then say knee deep, waist deep, neck deep and finally &quot;I am drowning&quot; at which point she would fall to the ground. The other girls would break the chain and save her. The game is repeated with another girl in the middle.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Khidu ({{langx|pa|ਖਿਦੂ}})===<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.culture?P=16 |title=Punjab Online: Culture of Punjab |website=www.punjabonline.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103123612/http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.culture?P=16 |archive-date=3 November 2004 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The girls sing rhymes along with a Khidu (Ball), in fact these rhymes and the game is more suitable for children. The rounds continue until the end by counting ten and singing the tenth song.<br /> <br /> ===Pangurha ({{langx|pa|ਪੰਘੂੜਾ}})===<br /> Pangurha is a game played by small girls. Normally, the game involves 8 players with 4 players sitting on the floor with their legs stretched out touching each other's’ feet. The 4 standing players will hold the hands of the players on the floor and swing the arms left and then right in slow motion. The movements gradually become faster giving the seated girls the feeling they are on a fairground ride. The standing players will then take the place of the seated players and the game continues.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Games for boys and girls==<br /> [[File:Wooden yo-yo.jpg|thumb|Wooden yo-yo]]<br /> [[File:Sculpture depicting village kids playing marbles jalandhar punjab haveli rangla punjab.jpg|thumb|left|Sculpture depicting village kids playing marbles jalandhar Punjab haveli rangla Punjab]]<br /> [[File:Rangla Panjab.jpg|thumb|Rangla Panjab]]<br /> <br /> ===Lattoo ({{langx|pa|ਲਾਟੂ}}) (yo-yo)===<br /> Played mostly by boys.<br /> <br /> ===Bantey ({{langx|pa|ਬੰਟੇ}})===<br /> Marble games.<br /> <br /> ===Chicho Chich Ganerian ({{langx|pa|ਚੀਚੋ ਚੀਚ ਗਨੇਰੀਆਂ}})===<br /> This game is for both boys and girls. It is generally played by two teams and involves drawing as many vertical lines as possible.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Kidi Kada or Stapoo ({{langx|pa|ਸਟਾਪੋ}})===<br /> This is a game played both by the girls and boys. This game is played with in small boundary (court), drawn on the ground and a piece of stone.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===[[Shatranj]] ({{langx|pa|ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ}}) (Chess)===<br /> The Punjab Chess Association governs the game at a professional level.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://punjabchess.com/|title=Punjab State Chess Association – ( Affiliated to All India Chess Federation )|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-date=13 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213011020/http://punjabchess.com/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Lukan Miti ({{langx|pa|ਲੁਕਣ ਮੀਟੀ}}) (hide and seek)===<br /> This is also played by both boys and girls and continues to this day. Two teams can also play this. One has to hide, the other has to seek but before doing so a call is given.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Kokla Chhapaki ({{langx|pa|ਕੋਕਲਾ ਛਪਾਕੀ}})===<br /> This game is popular even today amongst children. It is similar to Drop Handkerchief, a variation of [[duck, duck, goose]]. Both boys and girls play it. Children sit in a circle and the child who has the cloth in his hand goes around the circle-singing: it is a kind of a warning for the children sitting in a circle not to look back. The cloth is then dropped at the back of a child. If it is discovered before the child who had placed it there had completed the round, the child who discovered the cloth would run after him and try to touch him with it till he sits in the place vacated by the one who had discovered the cloth.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated3&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The song sung during the game is:<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''Kokla Chapaki Jumeraat aayi aye''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''jera agge pichey wekhey''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ohdi shamat aayi aye''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Meaning:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''Kokla Chapaki, it is Thursday.''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Whoever looks here and there''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''shall be punished.''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ਕੋਕਲਾ ਛਪਾਕੀ ਜੁਮੇ ਰਾਤ ਆਈ ਏ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਜੇਹੜਾ ਅਗੇ ਪਿਛੇ ਦੇਖੇ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਉਹਦੀ ਸ਼ਾਮਤ ਆਈ ਏ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Alliye Pattaliye ({{langx|pa|ਅੱਲੀਏ ਪਟੱਲੀਏ}})===<br /> [[File:2012-bb-jackal-1.jpg|thumb|left|Gidhar team pretend to be jackals]]<br /> [[File:Cotton boll nearly ready for harvest.jpg|thumb|left|Chogyan team pretend to pick cotton]]<br /> The game is played by two groups of children. One group pretend to be jackals (Gidharh, ({{langx|pa|ਗਿੱਦੜ}})) and the other, pickers (chogian, ({{langx|pa|ਚੋਗੀਆ}})). There is a line drawn between the two groups. The pickers sing the following song which calls for their members to pick the fields but then warns the group that there are jackals ahead.<br /> <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ਅੱਲੀਏ ਪਟੱਲੀਏ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਕਪਾਹ ਚੁਗਣ ਚੱਲੀਏ ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਮੂਹਰੇ ਬੈਠੇ ਗਿੱਦੜ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਪਿਛਾਂਹ ਮੁੜ ਚੱਲੀਏ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''alye patalye''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''kapah chugan chalye ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''moohre bether gidharh''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''pichhah murh chalye''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The chogyan team will jump over line and bend from the waist and pretend to pick the cotton flowers from the fields. The jackals will chase the other team. If a jackal tags the other team player, that player will join the jackal team. Once all players join the jackal team, the game starts all over again.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Bhanda bhandarya ({{langx|pa|ਭੰਡਾ ਭੰਡਾਰੀਆ}})===<br /> This game is played by a group of about 15 children. The key player sits on the floor and the rest form a circle around him and place their fists on top of each other's fists. Then the children ask the key player:&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ਭੰਡਾ ਭੰਡਾਰੀਆ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਕਿੰਨਾ ਕੁ ਭਾਰ ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''bhanda bhandarya''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''kinna ku bhar''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Translation:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''bhanda bhandarya''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''what is the weight''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The key player's response will be:<br /> <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ਇਕ ਮੱਠੀ ਚੁੱਕ ਲੈ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਦੂਈਤਿਆਰ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ik muthi chuk lai''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''dui tyar''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Translation:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''lift one fist''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''the other is ready''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> As soon as the last player lifts his fists, all the children will run away singing:<br /> <br /> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''ਹਾਏ ਕੁੜੇ ਦੰਦਈਆ ਲੜ ਗਿਆ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''ਬੂਈਕੁੜੇ ਦੰਦਈਆ ਲੜ ਗਿਆ''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''hay kurhe dandayaa larh gya''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''bui kurhe dandayaa larh gya''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Translation:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> ''I have been bitten''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''I have been bitten''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The key player will then chase the other players to tag another player to start the game all over again.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Kooka kanghrhey ({{langx|pa|ਕੂਕਾਂ ਕਾਂਘੜੇ}})===<br /> Kooka kanghrhey involves a two groups of children: one group is called the owners the other is called servants. There is no limit to the number of players or their age.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The game is played by dividing the village lane into two halves for use by each group. Each group will draw as many lines on the hidden parts of the houses as possible. The aim is to prevent the opponent's team from finding the lines.<br /> <br /> ====Part 1====<br /> Both teams gather at the centre part of the lane. One player of either team will say &quot;kooka kanghrey&quot; ({{langx|pa|ਕੂਕਾਂ ਕਾਂਘੜੇ}})or &quot;patt patteellay&quot; ({{langx|pa|ਪਟ ਪਟੀਲੋ}}). At this point the two groups will start to draw the lines.<br /> The group that finishes drawing the lines first will send a player to the centre of the lane to shout &quot;kooka kanghrey&quot; or &quot;patt pattellay&quot;. At this point all the players stop drawing lines.<br /> <br /> ====Part 2====<br /> The two groups will go to the opponent team's part of the lane. The aim is to find the lines drawn by the other team and then strike lines through those lines. After this is done, the team assembles at the starting place.<br /> <br /> ====Part 3====<br /> The two groups will count how many of their lines have been struck through and how many have been left unmarked. The winning team will be the one with the larger number of unmarked lines.<br /> <br /> ===Pithoo ({{langx|pa|ਪਿੱਠੂ}})===<br /> [[File:Pittu.JPG|thumb|Pittu Garam stones|right]]<br /> Also called [[Pittu Garam|Pithoo garam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://famouspunjabi.com/pithoo/ |title=Pithoo &amp;#124; FamousPunjabi - Sade Apne Kithe Kithe |website=famouspunjabi.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112233703/http://famouspunjabi.com/pithoo/ |archive-date=12 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * '''How to play''': <br /> ** 10 people or more. <br /> ** Two teams compete against each other.<br /> ** The number of players in each team can be unlimited. <br /> ** Need a soft rubber ball and few flat disc stones. <br /> ** One of the team is given a chance to be a striker and the other is called fielder team. <br /> ** The captain members of both the teams stand facing each other at a distance of 10 to 15 feet, and the ball being placed between them, respective team members make a queue and line up behind their respective team captain. <br /> ** The captain of the striker team tries to hit the stone tower with the ball with a direct hit. If the ball does not hit the stones and is caught by any of the opposite team member after a single bounce, the captain is marked out of the game and have to sit outside the field and wait till his team has finished their turn. This way each member has a turn from the striker team and if is marked out has to sit outside the field, till all members are out, then the opposite team gets to be the striker team. <br /> ** When the ball hits the stone tower, the stones scatter on the ground and everybody can be seen running around the field. At this time the striker team members try to fix the stone tower back without getting hit by the ball. The job of the fielder team is to hit the ball to as many members of the striker team before the striker team members can build the stone tower back up. <br /> ** This chaos ends if members of striker team are unable to build the stone tower back up and get hit by the ball or they successfully build the tower. If the tower is built back, the striker team can accumulate points or can also call any one member of their team from outside of the field is any one was sent out. Once all the members of the striker team are out, then the opposite team gets a chance to be the striker and the game starts again.<br /> <br /> ==General==<br /> [[File:Kite fastival in gujarat.jpg|thumb|Kite flying]]<br /> <br /> ===Kite Flying (Patang Bazi)===<br /> Flying kites is especially popular in festivals such as [[Basant Kite Festival (Punjab)|Basant]] and [[Lohri]]. Kite flying on Lohri is popular in some parts of Punjab. People get onto the roof tops and fly kites of various sizes and colours.<br /> <br /> ===Races===<br /> Camel and bullockcart races, cock fights in addition to Kabutar bazi, chakore bazi and bater bazi.<br /> <br /> ==Board games==<br /> <br /> ===Chauparh OR Pasha ({{langx|pa|ਚੌਪੜ}})===<br /> [[File:Chaupar.jpg|thumb|Chauparh using modern accessories]]<br /> [[File:Shiva parvati chaupar 1694–95.jpg|thumb|Shiva parvati chaupar 1694–95]]<br /> [[File:ChopatCowry.jpg|thumb|Score of 25 points]]<br /> <br /> ====History====<br /> Chauparh is a very ancient game. There is reference to it being played in the [[Mahabharat]]. Further, the Punjabi narrative Raja Rasalu mentions the Prince playing Chauparh.<br /> <br /> ====The game====<br /> Chauparh is also called Chaupat and Sara Passa ({{langx|pa|ਸਾਰਾ ਪਾਸਾ}}). The game involves concentration and is played with 4 players. If there are more players, then teams of 4 are formed with each team have 2 players on each side. <br /> The game is played on the floor using the following:&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> * 7 Kaudian ({{langx|pa|ਕੌਡੀਆਂ}}). A Kaudi is a shell.<br /> * Each player is to have 4 pieces of coloured cloth called [[Gota (embroidery)|gotta]] ({{langx|pa|ਗੋਟਾ}});<br /> * A cloth called Chauparh. Chaupar is made of two cotton or woolen strips intersecting each at right angles making a cross with four segments. The pieces are moved on the board according to throw of the Kaudian with the aim to enter ‘home’ on the Chauparh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sadhsangat.com/the-game-of-chaupar-and-human-life/|title=The Game of Chaupar and Human Life &amp;#124; Sadh Sangat|access-date=22 May 2023|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009071518/http://www.sadhsangat.com/the-game-of-chaupar-and-human-life/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; If this is not available, then the boxes are drawn on the floor. <br /> One player throws the Kaudian into the air with the aim of obtaining a &quot;Pa-oo&quot; ({{langx|pa|ਪਾਉ}}), which is achieved as follows:<br /> * 6 Kaudian are upright and one lands face down;<br /> * 6 Kaudian are downright and one is upright; or<br /> * 5 Kaudian are upright and 2 land facing down.<br /> <br /> The gotta (coloured cloth) is moved as follows:<br /> * If 6 Kaudian are upright and one lands face down then eleven moves are gained on the Chauparh.<br /> * If 5 Kaudian are upright and 2 land facing down then 2 moves on the Chauparh.<br /> * If 3 Kaudian are upright and 4 land face down then 3 moves are gained.<br /> * If 4 Kaudian are upright and 3 downright then 4 moves are gained<br /> * If 5 Kaudian are upright and 2 land downright then 25 moves are gained. (This is also called Athh (8)).<br /> * If 6 Kaudian are upright and 1 lands downright then 35 moves are gained. (This is also called pentar).<br /> * If 7 Kaudian are upright then 14 moves are gained.<br /> * If 7 Kaudan land upright then 7 moves are gained.<br /> In order to move the coloured gotta on the Chauparh, a pa-oo is necessary. If a player has 1 pa-oo, then he can move 1 gotta on the Chauparh. If he has 2 pa-oo, then 2 boxes. The aim is to &quot;kill&quot; the opponents gotta which is done by the opponent scoring the same points as represented by the gotta. A gotta cannot be &quot;killed&quot; if it is on the square with a spinning wheel.<br /> <br /> ===Khadda OR Gaji Chara ({{langx|pa|ਖੱਡਾ}})===<br /> [[File:Punjabi game Khadda.JPG|thumb|left|Punjabi game Khadda]]<br /> This game is played by drawing a grid on the floor with 5 rows and 5 columns creating 25 squares. On the top and bottom rows, the middle box will be cross hatched. On the first and the fifth columns, the middle box will be cross hatched. The centre box will also be cross hatched.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Between 2 and 4 players can play the game, using 4 Kaudian {{langx|pa|ਕੌਡੀਆਂ}} (shells). A player will throw the Kaudian on the floor. If 1 shell lands upright and three land face down, the player can move one place to the next house. If 3 land upright and 1 facedown, the player can move 3 boxes. If 4 shells land downright, the player can move 8 boxes. If 4 shells land upright, the player can move 4 boxes.<br /> <br /> If a player moves 8 boxes, he can throw the Kaudian again, and if the 4 Kaudian land facedown, the player can throw the Kaudian again for a third time. If on the third throw, the player's Kaudian all land facedown giving him 8 moves, the player has to go back to square 1 and start again.<br /> <br /> The game proceeds by going around the grid and reaching the centre box.<br /> <br /> ===Borha khu ({{langx|pa|ਬੋੜਾ ਖੂਹ}})===<br /> [[File:Punjabi game Borha Khu.jpg|thumb|left|Punjabi game Borha Khu]]<br /> <br /> ====How to play====<br /> * Borha khu is played by two players. <br /> * Player 1 will use stones.<br /> * Player 2 will use small wood pieces.<br /> * Player 1 will place the stones on points 1 and 2.<br /> * Player 2 will place the wood pieces on points 3 and 4.<br /> * The middle point will be left empty.<br /> * The aim is to move along the lines and kill the opponent's piece.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Kila Raipur Sports Festival]]<br /> * [[Pehlwani]]<br /> * [[Sports in Punjab]]<br /> * [[Health in Punjab]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * Pictures of traditional Punjabi games [http://sukhart.com/Gallery-punjabi-games.html]<br /> <br /> {{Sport in India}}<br /> {{Punjab, India}}<br /> <br /> [[File:SPORTS STADIUM, BADAL-1.jpg|thumb|SPORTS STADIUM, BADAL, VIEW-1]]<br /> [[File:SPORTS STADIUM, BADAL-2.jpg|thumb|SPORTS STADIUM, BADAL, VIEW-2]]<br /> * [https://uniindia.com/~/iatsg-formed-to-promote-traditional-sports-and-games/Sports/news/2222911.html Indian Association of Traditional Sports and Games)]<br /> * [https://www.traditionalsportsgames.org/images/pdf/4th_CC_eng.pdf International Council for Traditional Sports and Games (ICTSG) ]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sport in Punjab, India|*]]<br /> [[Category:Traditional sports of India|Punjab]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=INS_Pondicherry&diff=503509 2026-01-18T07:22:00Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: started data</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian naval ship}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{refimprove|date=August 2010}}<br /> {{Infobox ship<br /> |section1={{Infobox ship/image<br /> |image=<br /> |image_caption=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> |section2={{Infobox ship/career<br /> |hide_header=<br /> |country=India<br /> |flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}<br /> |name=INS ''Pondicherry''<br /> |namesake=[[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]]<br /> |ordered=<br /> |builder=<br /> |laid_down=<br /> |launched=<br /> |acquired=<br /> |commissioned=2 February 1978<br /> |decommissioned=5 October 2007<br /> |in_service=<br /> |out_of_service=<br /> |struck=<br /> |reinstated=<br /> |honours=<br /> |fate=<br /> |status=Out of service<br /> |notes=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br /> |hide_header=<br /> |header_caption=<br /> |class=''Pondicherry'' class minesweeper<br /> |displacement=804 tons full load<br /> |length=<br /> |beam=<br /> |draught=<br /> |draft=<br /> |propulsion= 2 diesel engines; 2 shafts, cp props, 5,000 hp<br /> |speed={{convert|16|kn|km/h}}<br /> |range={{convert|3000|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|12|kn|km/h}}<br /> |complement=82 (incl. 10 officers)<br /> |sensors=*''Air/Surface;'' 1 x Don 2 radar at I-band frequency<br /> *''IFF;'' 2 x (NATO: Square Head - High Pole B) radars<br /> *''Sonar;'' MG-69/79, hull mounted which has active mine detection, with high frequency<br /> |EW=<br /> |armament=*4 × 30 mm guns,<br /> *4 × 25 mm guns,<br /> *2 × RBU-1200 5-tubed fixed mortars,<br /> *Fitted to carry 10 mines<br /> |armour=<br /> |armor=<br /> |aircraft=<br /> |aircraft_facilities=<br /> |notes=<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''INS ''Pondicherry'' (M61)''' was a [[Pondicherry class minesweeper|''Pondicherry'' class]] [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]] in service with the [[Indian Navy]], built by the [[Sredne-Nevskiy Shipyard]] at [[Saint Petersburg]] in Russia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Seagoing Minesweepers|url=http://russian-ships.info/eng/warships/project_266m.htm|publisher=Russian Ships|accessdate=31 January 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403234401/http://russian-ships.info/eng/warships/project_266m.htm|archivedate=3 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was the lead ship of this class. ''Pondicherry'' served the Indian Navy from 1978 to 2007. She was named after [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], a [[union territory]] of India which at the time was known as ''Pondicherry''.<br /> <br /> On 15 February 1989 ''Pondicherry'' was painted white and used as the Presidential yacht for the Fleet Review by President [[R. Venkataraman]]. She reverted to her normal role and colour on completion. She was based at [[Mumbai]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090331041155/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Pondicherry.html ''Pondicheery'' (''Natya 1'') class at Bharat-Rakshak.] &lt;small&gt;Retrieved on 2009-04-29.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Pondicherry class minesweeper}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pondicherry (M61), INS}}<br /> [[Category:Pondicherry-class minesweepers]]<br /> [[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]<br /> [[Category:1978 ships]]<br /> [[Category:Ships built at Sredne-Nevskiy Shipyard]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._C._Cariappa_(cricketer)&diff=445829 2026-01-14T17:37:35Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian cricketer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox cricketer<br /> |name = K. C. Cariappa<br /> |image = K. C. Cariappa.jpg<br /> |caption = K. C. Cariappa in an ad, during IPL [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015]]<br /> |fullname = Konganda Charamanna Cariappa<br /> |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|4|13|df=yes}}<br /> |birth_place = [[Bangalore]], Karnataka, India<br /> |nickname = Carri<br /> |heightft = 6<br /> |heightinch = 0<br /> |heightm =<br /> |batting = Right-handed<br /> |bowling = [[Leg break]]<br /> |role = Bowler<br /> |country = India<br /> |club1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]<br /> |year1 = 2015<br /> |club2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]<br /> |year2 = 2015{{endash}}2022<br /> |club3 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]<br /> |year3 = 2016{{endash}}2017<br /> |club4 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]<br /> |year4 = 2019<br /> |club5 = [[Mizoram]]<br /> |year5 = 2023{{endash}}2026<br /> |source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/777537.html ESPNcricinfo}}<br /> <br /> '''Konganda Charamanna Cariappa''' (born 13 April 1994), commonly known as '''K.C. Cariappa''', is a former Indian professional [[cricket]]er.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Player Profile: KC Cariappa |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kc-cariappa-777537 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; He announced his retirement from Indian cricket in January 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=KC Cariappa, former IPL spinner, announces retirement from Indian cricket|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/kc-cariappa-retires-indian-cricket-ipl-domestic-career-2850720-2026-01-12|website=India Today|date=12 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Playing style==<br /> KC Cariappa is a mystery spinner who bowls [[leg spin]], whose stock delivery is the [[leg break]]. He has variations such as the [[googly]], the quicker ball, the [[carrom ball]] as well as the [[off break]] which he bowls without changing the grip.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=KC Cariappa: KKR's new unknown spinner|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/833081.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Cariappa started playing cricket at the age of 17 as [[fast bowling]] [[all-rounder]], but later switched to [[spin bowling]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=From tennis ball cricket to IPL riches: Story of KC Cariappa|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/460091/from-tennis-ball-cricket-ipl.html|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=11 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, Cariappa played for the Karnataka Under-19 team and Bijapur Bulls in the [[Karnataka Premier League]] (KPL). He finished as the third-highest wicket-taker at the KPL and grabbed the attention of a few IPL scouts during the tournament. He was included in [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'s 30-man probable squad for Ranji Trophy, but was not selected in the final squad. In September 2014, he was asked to bowl in the trials for [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR) during a training camp in Hyderabad before the start of [[2014 Champions League Twenty20]]. The captain of KKR, [[Gautam Gambhir]] failed to read his bowling during the trials, and the team management asked Cariappa to sign-up for the 2015 IPL auction.<br /> <br /> In February 2015, Cariappa was bought by KKR at the IPL auction for {{INRConvert|24|m}}, an unusually high amount as Cariappa had not played any form of top-level cricket before he was signed-up by the Knight Riders. The managing director and CEO of Kolkata Knight Riders, [[Venky Mysore]] responded after the auction, &quot;Some of the top players that we have including the legendary [[Jacques Kallis|Kallis]] found him (Cariappa) to be very unusual and extremely good, and we decided to give him a shot.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kallis found Cariappa talented enough to be picked: KKR CEO|url= http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-kallis-found-cariappa-talented-enough-to-be-picked-kkr-ceo-2061633|work=[[Daily News &amp; Analysis|DNA India]]|access-date=11 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made his senior cricket debut during the [[2015 IPL]] for the Knight Riders against the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] on 11 April 2015 and picked up the wicket of [[AB de Villiers]]. This was the only time he played for them that season. He was released from their squad the very next season. At the next auction, he was picked up by Kings XI Punjab for a lower price of {{INRConvert|8|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2016/content/story/969473.html|title=List of players sold and unsold at IPL auction 2016|date=6 February 2016|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2019, he returned to Kolkata Knight Riders as a replacement when [[Shivam Mavi]] got injured. He was released by the Kolkata Knight Riders ahead of the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28087425/where-do-eight-franchises-stand-2020-auction |title=Where do the eight franchises stand before the 2020 auction? |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2021, Cariappa was bought by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] in the [[List of 2021 Indian Premier League personnel changes|IPL auction]] ahead of the [[2021 Indian Premier League]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1252152 |title=IPL 2021 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=18 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut on 8 December 2021, for Karnataka in the [[2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280308.html |title=Elite, Group B, Mangalapuram, Dec 8 2021, Vijay Hazare Trophy |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2022, he was bought back by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] in the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|auction]] for the [[2022 Indian Premier League]] tournament, after having been released before the auction.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1300689 |title=IPL 2022 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/777537.html}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cariappa, KC}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1994 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Punjab Kings cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Karnataka cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Mizoram cricketers]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ta_(Indic)&diff=539218 2026-01-10T22:42:55Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Put Up New Details.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Letter &quot;Ta&quot; in Indic scripts}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox Indic letter<br /> |letname = Ta <br /> |bengcp = 09A4 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ta.svg <br /> |tibtcp = 0F4F |tibtimg = Tibetan Ta.svg <br /> |tamlcp = 0BA4 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-தத.svg<br /> |thaicp = 0E14 <br /> |mlymcp = 0D24 <br /> |sinhcp = 0DAD <br /> |brahcp = 11022 |ashokaimg = Brahmi t.svg<br /> |devacp = 0924 |devaimg = Devanagari त.svg<br /> | hbchar = [[ת]]<br /> | grchar = Τ, Ϛ<br /> | lachar = T<br /> | cychar = Т, Ѿ<br /> |ipa = t |iast = ta |iscii = BA <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ta''' is the sixteenth consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, ta is derived from the early &quot;[[Ashoka]]&quot; Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad t.svg|13px]].<br /> <br /> ==Āryabhaṭṭa numeration==<br /> [[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system#Glyph comparison|Hindu-Arabic Numerals]]. The values of the different forms of त are:&lt;ref name=&quot;Ifrah&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *त {{IPA|hi|tə|}} = 16 (१६)<br /> *ति {{IPA|hi|tɪ|}} = 1,600 (१ ६००)<br /> *तु {{IPA|hi|tʊ|}} = 160,000 (१ ६० ०००)<br /> *तृ {{IPA|hi|tri|}} = 16,000,000 (१ ६० ०० ०००)<br /> *तॢ {{IPA|hi|tlə|}} = 1,600,000,000 (१ ६० ०० ०० ०००)<br /> *ते {{IPA|hi|te|}} = 16{{e|10}} (१६×१०&lt;sup&gt;१०&lt;/sup&gt;)<br /> *तै {{IPA|hi|tɛː|}} = 16{{e|12}} (१६×१०&lt;sup&gt;१२&lt;/sup&gt;)<br /> *तो {{IPA|hi|toː|}} = 16{{e|14}} (१६×१०&lt;sup&gt;१४&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> *तौ {{IPA|hi|tɔː|}} = 16{{e|16}} (१६×१०&lt;sup&gt;१६&lt;/sup&gt;)<br /> <br /> ==Historic Ta==<br /> There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ta as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|Ta]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad t.svg|13px|Ta]]. The Tocharian Ta [[Image:Tocharian letter ta.gif|18px|Ta]] had an alternate [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form, [[Image:Tocharian letter tà.gif|18px|Ta]]. The third form of ta, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква TА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter TA.svg|15px|Ta]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.<br /> <br /> ===Brahmi Ta===<br /> The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|Ta]], Ta, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the Aramaic [[Taw (letter)|Taw]] [[File:Taw.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[T]] and Greek [[Tau]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Buhler&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |year=1898 |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |access-date=10 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ta can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.&lt;ref&gt;[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]&lt;/ref&gt; As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Brahmi Ta historic forms<br /> |-<br /> !Ashoka&lt;br /&gt;([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or &quot;Ashokan Brahmi&quot; (3rd–1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar&lt;br /&gt;(~150 BCE) !! Kushana&lt;br /&gt;([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or &quot;Kushana Brahmi&quot; (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat&lt;br /&gt;(~250 CE) !! Gupta&lt;br /&gt;([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Brahmi t.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar t.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka t.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat t.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad t.svg|37px]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Tocharian Ta===<br /> The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ta.gif|25px|Ta]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|Ta]], and has an alternate Fremdzeichen form [[Image:Tocharian letter tà.gif|25px|tä]] used in conjuncts and as an alternate representation of Tä.<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Tocharian Ta with vowel marks<br /> |-<br /> ! Ta !! Tā !! Ti !! Tī !! Tu !! Tū !! Tr !! Tr̄ !! Te !! Tai !! To !! Tau !! Tä !! Fremdzeichen<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Tocharian letter ta.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter taa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ti.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tuu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tr.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter trr.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter te.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tai.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter to.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tau.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tä.gif|37px]] || [[Image:Tocharian letter tà.gif|37px]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Kharoṣṭhī Ta===<br /> The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква TА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter TA.svg|15px|Ta]] is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic [[Taw (letter)|Taw]] [[File:Taw.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[T]] and [[Tau]], in addition to the Brahmi Ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buhler&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Devanagari Ta==<br /> {{main if exists|Devanagari ta}}<br /> {{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}<br /> '''Ta''' ('''त''') is a consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad t.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ત''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘝.<br /> <br /> ===Devanagari-using Languages===<br /> In all languages, त is pronounced as {{IPA|hi|tə|}} or {{IPAblink|t}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+ Devanagari त with vowel marks<br /> |-<br /> ! Ta !! Tā !! Ti !! Tī !! Tu !! Tū !! Tr !! Tr̄ !! Tl !! Tl̄ !! Te !! Tai !! To !! Tau !! T<br /> |-style=&quot;font-size: 150%;&quot;<br /> |त<br /> |ता<br /> |ति<br /> |ती<br /> |तु<br /> |तू<br /> |तृ<br /> |तॄ<br /> |तॢ<br /> |तॣ<br /> |ते<br /> |तै<br /> |तो<br /> |तौ<br /> |त्<br /> |}<br /> &lt;!--Certain words that have been borrowed from [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic]] implement the [[nukta]] to more properly approximate the original word. It is then transliterated as a ''&lt;letter&gt;''.<br /> *[[wikt:#Hindi|]] = ''&lt;tranliteration&gt;'' {{IPA|hi|&lt;pronunciation&gt;|}} &quot;&lt;word&gt;&quot;--&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Conjuncts with त===<br /> [[File:Devanagari Ta half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Ta.]]<br /> Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a &quot;half form&quot;&lt;!--, although X uses an explicit [[Virama]] instead of a half form--&gt;. Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. &lt;!--X however, does not have a vertical stem to drop for making a half form, and either forms a stacked conjunct/ligature, or uses its full form with [[Virama]]. --&gt;The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks.&lt;ref name=&quot;KNAB&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Ligature conjuncts of त====<br /> True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the &quot;eyelash&quot; Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial &quot;R&quot; instead of repha.<br /> * Repha र্ (r) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''rta'': {{ref|note|note}}<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct RTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * Eyelash र্ (r) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''rta'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ''tra'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TRa.svg|100px]]<br /> * Repha र্ (r) + त্ (t) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ''rtra'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct RTRa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + र্ (r) + य (ya) gives the ligature ''trya'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TRYa.svg|100px]]<br /> * क্ (k) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''kta'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct KTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * क্ (k) + त্ (t) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ''ktra'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct KTRa.svg|100px]]<br /> * क্ (k) + त্ (t) + व (va) gives the ligature ''ktva'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct KTVa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ङ্ (ŋ) + क্ (k) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''ŋkta'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgKTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''tta'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * Repha र্ (r) + त্ (t) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''rtta'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct RTTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + त্ (t) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ''ttra'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TTRa.svg|100px]]<br /> * Repha र্ (r) + त্ (t) + त্ (t) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ''rttra'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct RTTRa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + त্ (t) + न (na) gives the ligature ''ttna'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TTNa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + त্ (t) + व (va) gives the ligature ''ttva'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TTVa.svg|100px]]<br /> * प্ (p) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''pta'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct PTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * प্ (p) + त্ (t) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ''ptra'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct PTRa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ष্ (ṣ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ''ṣta'':<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsTa.svg|100px]]<br /> <br /> ====Stacked conjuncts of त====<br /> Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.<br /> * छ্ (cʰ) + त (ta) gives the ligature cʰta:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ढ্ (ḍʱ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ḍʱta:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ड্ (ḍ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ḍta:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * द্ (d) + त (ta) gives the ligature dta:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct DTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ङ্ (ŋ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ŋta:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + ब (ba) gives the ligature tba:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TBa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + च (ca) gives the ligature tca:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TCa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + ज (ja) gives the ligature tja:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TJa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tjña:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TJNya.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + ल (la) gives the ligature tla:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TLa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature tña:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TNya.svg|100px]]<br /> * ठ্ (ṭʰ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ṭʰta:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ट্ (ṭ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ṭta:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + न (na) gives the ligature tna:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TNa.svg|100px]]<br /> * त্ (t) + व (va) gives the ligature tva:<br /> [[File:Devanagari Conjunct TVa.svg|100px]]<br /> <br /> ==Bengali Ta==<br /> The Bengali script ত is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham t.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, त. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ত will sometimes be transliterated as &quot;to&quot; instead of &quot;ta&quot;. Adding okar, the &quot;o&quot; vowel mark, gives a reading of /t̪o/.<br /> Like all Indic consonants, ত can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent &quot;a&quot;.<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+ Bengali ত with vowel marks<br /> |-<br /> ! ta !! tā !! ti !! tī !! tu !! tū !! tr !! tr̄ !! te !! tai !! to !! tau !! t<br /> |-style=&quot;font-size: 150%;&quot;<br /> |ত<br /> |তা<br /> |তি<br /> |তী<br /> |তু<br /> |তূ<br /> |তৃ<br /> |তৄ<br /> |তে<br /> |তৈ<br /> |তো<br /> |তৌ<br /> |ত্<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===ত in Bengali-using languages===<br /> ত is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. &lt;!--It is also used with a nukta, ়, for foreign borrowings of //.--&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Conjuncts with ত===<br /> Bengali ত exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Khanda Ta====<br /> [[File:Bengali Letter Khanda Ta.svg|thumb|right|100px|Khanda Ta]]<br /> Some ostensible conjuncts with an initial ত are realized visually with a character called ''Khanda Ta'' &quot;Broken Ta&quot;. This &quot;broken&quot; form of ত is used to represent the bare consonant without an inherent &quot;A&quot; vowel, and does not normally take vowel marks. It resembles the normal letter ত, but reversed, without a head line, and a reduced tail.<br /> * ৎ (khanda ta) + ক (ka) gives the conjunct tka:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tka.svg |100px]]<br /> <br /> ====Other ত Conjuncts====<br /> Other conjuncts take the form of a ligature when ত is the initial head consonant, or usually as a stacked conjunct when ত is non-head. As is normal, as a later element in a stacked conjunct, ত loses its head line when conjoining, and has a reduced tail when followed by [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Ra-phala|Ra-phala]].<br /> * ক্ (k) + ত (ta) gives the ligature kta:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Kta.svg |100px]]<br /> * ক্ (k) + ত্ (t) + র (ra) gives the ligature ktra, with the [[ra phala]] suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ktra.svg |100px]]<br /> * ন্ (n) + ত (ta) gives the ligature nta:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Nta.svg |100px]]<br /> * ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + র (ra) gives the ligature ntra, with the ra phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ntra.svg |100px]]<br /> * ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature ntrya, with the ra phala and [[ya phala]] suffixes<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ntrya.svg |100px]]<br /> * ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature ntva, with the [[va phala]] suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ntva.svg |100px]]<br /> * ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature ntya, with the ya phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ntya.svg |100px]]<br /> * প্ (p) + ত (ta) gives the ligature pta:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Pta.svg |100px]]<br /> * র্ (r) + ত (ta) gives the ligature rta, with the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] prefix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Rta.svg |100px]]<br /> * র্ (r) + ত্ (t) + র (ra) gives the ligature rtra, with the repha prefix and ra phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Rtra.svg |100px]]<br /> * র্ (r) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature rtya, with the repha prefix and ya phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Rtya.svg |100px]]<br /> * স্ (s) + ত (ta) gives the ligature sta:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Sta.svg |100px]]<br /> * স্ (s) + ত্ (t) + র (ra) gives the ligature stra, with the ra phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Stra.svg |100px]]<br /> * স্ (s) + ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature stva, with the va phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Stva.svg |100px]]<br /> * স্ (s) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature stya, with the ya phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Stya.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + ম (ma) gives the ligature tma:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tma.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + ম্ (m) + য (ya) gives the ligature tmya, with the ya phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tmya.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + ন (na) gives the ligature tna:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tna.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + র (ra) gives the ligature tra, with the ra phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tra.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + র্ (r) + য (ya) gives the ligature trya, with the ra phala and ya phala suffixes<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Trya.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + স (sa) gives the ligature tsa:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tsa.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + ত (ta) gives the ligature tta:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tta.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + থ (tʰa) gives the ligature ttʰa:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ttha.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature ttva, with the va phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ttva.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature ttya, with the ya phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Ttya.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature tva, with the va phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tva.svg |100px]]<br /> * ত্ (t) + য (ya) gives the ligature tya, with the ya phala suffix:<br /> [[File:Bengali Conjunct Tya.svg |100px]]<br /> <br /> ==Gujarati Ta==<br /> [[File:Gujarati letter Ta.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ta.]]<br /> '''Ta''' ('''ત''') is the sixteenth consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ta [[Image:Devanagari त.svg|13px|Ta]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|Ta]].<br /> <br /> ===Gujarati-using Languages===<br /> The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ત is pronounced as {{IPA|gu|tə|}} or {{IPAblink|t}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:<br /> {| class=wikitable style=&quot;width: 40em;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:6%;&quot;| Ta !! style=&quot;width:7%;&quot;| Tā !! style=&quot;width:6.5%;&quot;| Ti !! style=&quot;width:7%;&quot;| Tī !! style=&quot;width:4.5%;&quot;| Tu !! style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;| Tū !! style=&quot;width:4.5%;&quot;| Tr !! style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;| Tl !! style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;| Tr̄ !! style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;| Tl̄ !! style=&quot;width:4.5%;&quot;| Tĕ !! style=&quot;width:4.5%;&quot;| Te !! style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;| Tai !! style=&quot;width:7%;&quot;| Tŏ !! style=&quot;width:7%;&quot;| To !! style=&quot;width:6%;&quot;| Tau !! style=&quot;width:7%;&quot;| T<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Ta Matras.svg|750px]]<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=17 |Gujarati Ta syllables, with vowel marks in red.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Conjuncts with ત===<br /> [[File:Gujarati letter Ta half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Ta.]]<br /> Gujarati ત exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. Most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a &quot;half form&quot;. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari.<br /> True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.<br /> * ર્ (r) + ત (ta) gives the ligature RTa:<br /> [[File:Gujarati conjunct RTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ત્ (t) + ર (ra) gives the ligature TRa:<br /> [[File:Gujarati conjunct TRa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ત્ (t) + ત (ta) gives the ligature TTa:<br /> [[File:Gujarati conjunct TTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ત્ (t) + ન (na) gives the ligature TNa:<br /> [[File:Gujarati conjunct TNa.svg|100px]]<br /> * પ્ (p) + ત (ta) gives the ligature PTa:<br /> [[File:Gujarati conjunct PTa.svg|100px]]<br /> * ષ્ (ʂ) + ત (ta) gives the ligature ṢTa:<br /> [[File:Gujarati conjunct SsTa.svg|100px]]<br /> <br /> ==Javanese Ta==<br /> {{main|Ta (Javanese)}}<br /> <br /> ==Telugu Ta==<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | width = 100px<br /> | image1 = Telugu letter Ta.svg<br /> | alt1 = Telugu Ta<br /> | image2 = Telugu subjoined Ta.svg<br /> | alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ta<br /> | footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ta.<br /> }}<br /> '''Ta''' ('''త''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|T]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ತ'''. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras.<br /> Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.<br /> <br /> ==Malayalam Ta==<br /> [[File:Malayalam letter Ta.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ta]]<br /> '''Ta''' ('''ത''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|T]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Ta.svg|x15px|Ta]] ''Ta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel &quot;a&quot;, and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.<br /> [[File:Malayalam Ta matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Ta matras: Ta, Tā, Ti, Tī, Tu, Tū, Tr̥, Tr̥̄, Tl̥, Tl̥̄, Te, Tē, Tai, To, Tō, Tau, and T.]]<br /> <br /> ===Conjuncts of ത===<br /> As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent &quot;a&quot; vowel, or a special consonant form called a &quot;chillu&quot; letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent &quot;a&quot; vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].<br /> * ക് (k) + ത (ta) gives the ligature kta:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct KTa.svg]]<br /> * ത് (t) + ത (ta) gives the ligature tta:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct TTa.svg]]<br /> * ന് (n) + ത (ta) gives the ligature nta:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct NTa.svg]]<br /> * പ് (p) + ത (ta) gives the ligature pta:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct PTa.svg]]<br /> * യ് (y) + ത (ta) gives the ligature yta:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct YTa.svg]]<br /> * സ് (s) + ത (ta) gives the ligature sta:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct STa.svg]]<br /> * ത് (t) + ഥ (tʰa) gives the ligature ttʰa:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct TTha.svg]]<br /> * ത് (t) + ന (na) gives the ligature tna:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct TNa.svg]]<br /> * ത് (t) + ഭ (bʰa) gives the ligature tbʰa:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct TBha.svg]]<br /> * ത് (t) + മ (ma) gives the ligature tma:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct TMa.svg]]<br /> * ത് (t) + സ (sa) gives the ligature tsa:<br /> [[File:Malayalam conjunct TSa.svg]]<br /> <br /> ==Odia Ta==<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | width = 100px<br /> | image1 = Odia letter Ta.svg<br /> | alt1 = Odia independent letter Ta<br /> | image2 = Odia subjoined Ta.svg<br /> | alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Ta<br /> | footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Ta.<br /> }}<br /> '''Ta''' ('''ତ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|T]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham t.svg|x15px|Ta]] ''Ta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel &quot;a&quot;, and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.<br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |+ Odia Ta with vowel matras<br /> |-<br /> ! Ta !! Tā !! Ti !! Tī !! Tu !! Tū !! Tr̥ !! Tr̥̄ !! Tl̥ !! Tl̥̄ !! Te !! Tai !! To !! Tau !! T<br /> |-<br /> | {{big|ତ}} || {{big|ତା}} || {{big|ତି}} || {{big|ତୀ}} || {{big|ତୁ}} || {{big|ତୂ}} || {{big|ତୃ}} || {{big|ତୄ}} || {{big|ତୢ}} || {{big|ତୣ}} || {{big|ତେ}} || {{big|ତୈ}} || {{big|ତୋ}} || {{big|ତୌ}} || {{big|ତ୍}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Conjuncts of ତ ===<br /> As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters.<br /> * ତ୍ (t) + କ (ka) gives the ligature tka:<br /> [[File:Odia conjunct TKa.svg]]<br /> * ତ୍ (t) + ତ (ta) gives the ligature tta:<br /> [[File:Odia conjunct TTa.svg]]<br /> * ତ୍ (t) + ସ (sa) gives the ligature tsa:<br /> [[File:Odia conjunct TSa.svg]]<br /> <br /> ==Kaithi Ta==<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | width = 100px<br /> | image1 = Kaithi Ta.svg<br /> | alt1 = Kaithi consonant Ta<br /> | image2 = Kaithi Ta half form.svg<br /> | alt2 = Kaithi half-form letter Ta<br /> | footer = Kaithi consonant and half-form Ta.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ta''' ('''𑂞''') is a consonant of the [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|T]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham t.svg|x15px|Ta]] ''Ta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi consonants have the inherent vowel &quot;a&quot;, and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |+ Kaithi Ta with vowel matras<br /> |-<br /> ! Ta !! Tā !! Ti !! Tī !! Tu !! Tū !! Te !! Tai !! To !! Tau !! T<br /> |-<br /> | {{big|𑂞}} || {{big|𑂞𑂰}} || {{big|𑂞𑂱}} || {{big|𑂞𑂲}} || {{big|𑂞𑂳}} || {{big|𑂞𑂴}} || {{big|𑂞𑂵}} || {{big|𑂞𑂶}} || {{big|𑂞𑂷}} || {{big|𑂞𑂸}} || {{big|𑂞𑂹}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Conjuncts of 𑂞 ===<br /> As is common in Indic scripts, Kaithi joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a [[half form]] of preceding consonants, although several consonants use an explicit [[virama]]. Most half forms are derived from the full form by removing the vertical stem. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjuncts of ''ra'' are indicated with a ''repha'' or ''rakar'' mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found in Kaithi writing, but true ligatures are not used in the modern Kaithi script.<br /> <br /> * 𑂞୍ (t) + 𑂩 (ra) gives the ligature tra:<br /> [[File:Kaithi conjunct TRa.svg|100px]]<br /> <br /> * 𑂩୍ (r) + 𑂞 (ta) gives the ligature rta:<br /> [[File:Kaithi conjunct RTa.svg|100px]]<br /> <br /> ==Tirhuta Ta==<br /> [[File:TIRHUTA LETTER TA.svg|thumb|right|100px|Tirhuta consonant Ta]]<br /> <br /> '''Ta''' ('''𑒞''') is a consonant of the [[Tirhuta script|Tirhuta]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi t.svg|13px|T]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham t.svg|x15px|Ta]] ''Ta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Tirhuta consonants have the inherent vowel &quot;a&quot;, and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent sylables with another vowel or no vowel at all.<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |+ Tirhuta Ta with vowel matras<br /> |-<br /> ! Ta !! Tā !! Ti !! Tī !! Tu !! Tū !! ṛ !! ṝ !! ḷ !! ḹ !! Tē !! Te !! Tai !! Tō !! To !! Tau !! T<br /> |-<br /> | {{big|𑒞}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒰}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒱}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒲}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒳}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒴}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒵}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒶}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒷}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒸}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒹}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒺}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒻}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒼}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒽}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑒾}}<br /> | {{big|𑒞𑓂}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Conjuncts of 𑒞 ===<br /> [[File:Tirhuta T half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Tirhuta letter Ta combining form.]]<br /> As is common in Indic scripts, Tirhuta joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjuncts of ''ra'' are indicated with a ''repha'' or ''rakar'' mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. Unlike most Tirhuta letters, Ta 𑒞 does not take an explicit virama when forming conjuncts, but rather has an explicit combining form.<br /> <br /> * 𑒢୍ (n) + 𑒞 (ta) gives the ligature nta:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct NTa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒩୍ (r) + 𑒞 (ta) gives the ligature rta:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct RTa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒮୍ (s) + 𑒞 (ta) gives the ligature sta:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct STa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒥 (ba) gives the ligature tba:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TBa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒦 (bʰa) gives the ligature tbʰa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TBha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒔 (ca) gives the ligature tca:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TCa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒕 (cʰa) gives the ligature tcʰa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TCha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒠 (da) gives the ligature tda:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TDa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒛 (ḍa) gives the ligature tḍa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TDda.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒡 (dʱa) gives the ligature tdʱa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TDha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒑 (ga) gives the ligature tga:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TGa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒒 (ɡʱa) gives the ligature tɡʱa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TGha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒯 (ha) gives the ligature tha:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct THa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒖 (ja) gives the ligature tja:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TJa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒗 (jʰa) gives the ligature tjʰa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TJha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒖୍ (j) + 𑒘 (ña) gives the ligature tjña:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TJNya.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒏 (ka) gives the ligature tka:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TKa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒐 (kʰa) gives the ligature tkʰa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TKha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒏 (ka) gives the ligature tka:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TKa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒪 (la) gives the ligature tla:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TLa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒧 (ma) gives the ligature tma:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TMa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒢 (na) gives the ligature tna:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TNa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒓 (ŋa) gives the ligature tŋa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TNga.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒝 (ṇa) gives the ligature tṇa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TNna.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒘 (ña) gives the ligature tña:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TNya.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒣 (pa) gives the ligature tpa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TPa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒤 (pʰa) gives the ligature tpʰa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TPha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞 (t) + 𑒇 (ṛ) gives the ligature tṛ:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct Tr.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒩 (ra) gives the ligature tra:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TRa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒮 (sa) gives the ligature tsa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TSa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒬 (ʃa) gives the ligature tʃa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TSha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒭 (ṣa) gives the ligature tṣa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TSsa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒟 (tʰa) gives the ligature ttʰa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TTha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒙 (ṭa) gives the ligature tṭa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TTta.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒚 (ṭʰa) gives the ligature tṭʰa:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TTtha.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞 (t) + 𑒅 (u) gives the ligature tu:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct Tu.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞 (t) + 𑒆 (ū) gives the ligature tū:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct Tuu.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒫 (va) gives the ligature tva:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TVa.svg]]<br /> * 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒨 (ya) gives the ligature tya:<br /> [[file:Tirhuta conjunct TYa.svg]]<br /> &lt;!--Insert new scripts above<br /> ==Gurmukhi==<br /> ==Tamil==<br /> ==Kannada==<br /> ==Sinhala==<br /> ==Thai==<br /> ==Lao==<br /> ==Tibetan==<br /> ==Burmese==<br /> ==Khmer==<br /> ==Philippine ==<br /> ===Baybayin (Telugu)===<br /> ===Hanunoo===<br /> ===Buhid===<br /> ==Tagbanwa==<br /> ==Lontara==<br /> ==Balinese==<br /> ==Sundanese==<br /> ==Limbu==<br /> ==Tai Le==<br /> ==New Tai Lue==<br /> ==Lepcha==<br /> ==Saurashtra==<br /> ==Rejang==<br /> ==Cham==<br /> ==Tai Viet==<br /> ===Low===<br /> ===High===<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Comparison of Ta==<br /> The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ta, are related as well.<br /> {{Indic glyph |letname = Ta<br /> |devacp = 0924 |devaimg = Devanagari त.svg<br /> |bengcp = 09A4 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ta.svg<br /> |tamlcp = 0BA4 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-தத.svg<br /> |telucp = 0C24 <br /> |oryacp = 0B24 <br /> |kndacp = 0CA4 <br /> |mlymcp = 0D24 <br /> |gujrcp = 0AA4 <br /> |gurucp = 0A24 <br /> <br /> |brahcp = 11022 |ashokaimg = Brahmi t.svg<br /> |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka t.svg<br /> |guptaimg = Gupta allahabad t.svg<br /> |kharcp = 10A1f <br /> |siddcp = 1159D |siddimg = Siddham t.svg<br /> |grancp = 11324 <br /> |tibtcp = 0F4F |tibtimg = Tibetan Ta.svg<br /> |phagcp = A848 <br /> |zanbcp = 11A19 <br /> |newacp = 1141F <br /> |bhkscp = 11C1D <br /> |shrdcp = 11198 <br /> |mymrcp = 1010 <br /> |lanacp = 1A32 <br /> |talucp = 198E <br /> |khmrcp = 178F <br /> |laoocp = 0E95 <br /> |laoo2cp = 0E94<br /> |thaicp = 0E15 <br /> |thai2cp = 0E14 <br /> |tavtcp = AA94 <br /> |sinhcp = 0DAD <br /> |cakmcp = 11116 <br /> |talecp = 1956 <br /> |ahomcp = 11704 <br /> |diakcp = 1191B <br /> |saurcp = A8A1 <br /> |chamcp = AA13 <br /> |modicp = 1161D <br /> |nandcp = 119BD <br /> |soyocp = 11A6B <br /> |sylocp = A814 <br /> |gongcp = 11D73 <br /> |kthiimg = Kaithi Ta.svg | kthicp = 1109E <br /> |tirhcp = 1149E <br /> |lepccp = 1C0A <br /> |limbcp = 190B |limbimg = Лимбу буква TO. Limbu Letter TO.png<br /> |mteicp = ABC7 <br /> |marccp = 11C7A <br /> |takrcp = 11699 <br /> |dogrcp = 11819 <br /> |khojcp = 11219 <br /> |sindcp = 112CD <br /> |mahjcp = 11163 <br /> |multcp = 11296 <br /> |balicp = 1B22 <br /> |bugicp = 1A08 <br /> |javacp = A9A0 <br /> |makacp = 11EE6 <br /> |rjngcp = A933 <br /> |sundcp = 1B92 <br /> |tglgcp = 1706 <br /> |tagbcp = 1766 <br /> |buhdcp = 1746 <br /> |hanocp = 1726 <br /> |gonmcp = 11D1B <br /> |tochimg = Tocharian letter ta.gif |toch2img = Tocharian letter tà.gif<br /> |kawiimg = Aksara Kawi ta.svg<br /> | armiimg = Taw.svg<br /> | plavaimg = Pallava Ta.svg <br /> | ranjimg = Ranjana t.svg<br /> |batkcp=1BD6|batk2cp=1BD7}}<br /> <br /> ==Character encodings of Ta==<br /> Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ta in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ta from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]].<br /> {{Indic encoding |= Ta<br /> |devacp = 0924 |devaimg = Devanagari त.svg<br /> |bengcp = 09A4 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ta.svg<br /> |tamlcp = 0BA4 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-தத.svg<br /> |telucp = 0C24 <br /> |oryacp = 0B24 <br /> |kndacp = 0CA4 <br /> |mlymcp = 0D24 <br /> |gujrcp = 0AA4 <br /> |gurucp = 0A24 <br /> |iscii = BA <br /> <br /> |brahcp = 1101A |ashokaimg = Brahmi t.svg<br /> |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka t.svg<br /> |guptaimg = Gupta allahabad t.svg<br /> |kharcp = 10A1F <br /> |siddcp = 1159D |siddimg = Siddham t.svg<br /> |grancp = 11324 <br /> |tibtcp = 0F4F |tibtimg = Tibetan Ta.svg<br /> |tibtaltcp = 0F9F<br /> |phagcp = A848 <br /> |zanbcp = 11A19 <br /> |newacp = 1141F <br /> |bhkscp = 11C1D <br /> |shrdcp = 11198 <br /> |mymrcp = 1010 <br /> |lanacp = 1A32 <br /> |talucp = 1991 <br /> |khmrcp = 178F <br /> |laoocp = 0E95 <br /> |laoo2cp = 0E94<br /> |thaicp = 0E15 <br /> |thai2cp = 0E14 <br /> |tavtcp = AA94 <br /> |sinhcp = 0DAD <br /> |cakmcp = 11116 <br /> |talecp = 1956 <br /> |ahomcp = 11704 <br /> |diakcp = 1191B <br /> |saurcp = A8A1 <br /> |chamcp = AA13 <br /> |modicp = 1161D <br /> |nandcp = 119BD <br /> |soyocp = 11A6B <br /> |sylocp = A814 <br /> |gongcp = 11D73 <br /> |kthiimg = Kaithi Ta.svg | kthicp = 1109E <br /> |tirhcp = 1149E <br /> |lepccp = 1C0A <br /> |limbcp = 190B |limbimg = Лимбу буква TO. Limbu Letter TO.png<br /> |mteicp = ABC7 <br /> |marccp = 11C7A <br /> |takrcp = 11699 <br /> |dogrcp = 11819 <br /> |khojcp = 11219 <br /> |sindcp = 112CD <br /> |mahjcp = 11163 <br /> |multcp = 11296 <br /> |balicp = 1B22 <br /> |bugicp = 1A08 <br /> |javacp = A9A0 <br /> |makacp = 11EE6 <br /> |rjngcp = A933 <br /> |sundcp = 1B92 <br /> |tglgcp = 1706 <br /> |tagbcp = 1766 <br /> |buhdcp = 1746 <br /> |hanocp = 1726 <br /> |gonmcp = 11D1B <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> ::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript &quot;h&quot; to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA &quot;ŋ&quot; and &quot;ʃ&quot; instead of the less dinstinctive &quot;ṅ&quot; and &quot;ś&quot;.<br /> {{Devanagari_abugida}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ta (Indic)}}<br /> [[Category:Indic letters]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_sword&diff=459341 2026-01-01T12:37:48Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: further enhance formatting based on references also and corrected details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Sword of India}}<br /> [[File:Szabla Tarwar (Indie) - Muzeum Azji i Pacyfiku.jpg|thumb|Talwar]]<br /> There are a number of swords that originated in India and have seen their usage throughout the history of warfare.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> <br /> In the [[Indian subcontinent]], one of the earliest available [[Bronze age sword]]s of copper was discovered by the period of [[Indus Valley Civilization]]. Swords have been recovered in archaeological findings throughout the [[Ganges]]-[[Yamuna]] [[Doab]] region of Indian subcontinent, consisting of [[bronze]] but more commonly [[copper]].&lt;ref name=allchin111-114&gt;Allchin, pp. 111–14&lt;/ref&gt; Swords have been also discovered in [[Fatehgarh]], where there are several varieties of hilt.&lt;ref name=allchin111-114/&gt; These swords have been variously dated to times between 1700 and 1400 BC. Other swords from this period in India have been discovered from [[Kallur_archaeological_site#Swords|Kallur, Raichur]].&lt;ref&gt; Allchin, F. R. in ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=H2GW1PTHQ1YC South Asian Archaeology 1975: Papers from The Third International Conference of The Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, Held in Paris]'' (December 1979) edited by J. E. van Lohuizen-de Leeuw. Brill Academic Publishers, Incorporated. 106–18. {{ISBN|90-04-05996-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In general, Indians have significantly used one-handed swords in order to carry the shield along with them. Nevertheless, there has been use of two-handed swords in India, such as by [[Naga people]] of [[Assam]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=xb90CwAAQBAJ Hank Reinhardt's The Book of Swords], [[Hank Reinhardt]] Baen Publishing Enterprises, p. 201-202&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Indian swords have been also used by Arabians&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=M3UMAQAAIAAJ Indian Warfare: An Appraisal of Strategy and Tactics of War in Early Medieval Period] Surinder Kumar Bhakari, p. 101&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Europe]]ans since medieval times.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=FW5FaeZEVAsC The Sword and the Crucible: A History of the Metallurgy of European Swords Up to the 16th Century], p.35, Alan Williams, [[BRIL]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Swords have culturally influenced the iconography and culture of India.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=B33sAAAAMAAJ The Indian Sword], p. 29-40&lt;/ref&gt; Sikhs consider swords to be holy and the Sikh emblem ([[Khanda (Sikh symbol)]]) depicts a doubled-edged sword surrounded by a circle and two curved swords.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QJyZKOtHWg4C How and why Do Hindus Celebrate Divali?], Jean Mead, 2008, p. 29&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==List of Indian swords==<br /> <br /> *[[Aruval]]<br /> *[[Asi (Mahabharata)|Asi]]<br /> *[[Ayudha katti]]<br /> *[[Bichuwa]]<br /> *[[Dao (Naga sword)|Dao]]<br /> *[[Firangi (sword)|Firangi]]<br /> *[[Gupti]]<br /> *[[Hengdang]]<br /> *[[Katar (dagger)|Katar]]<br /> *[[Kayamkulam vaal]]<br /> *[[Ram-dao|Khadga]]<br /> *[[Khanda (sword)|Khanda]]<br /> *[[Kirpan]]<br /> *[[Kukri]]<br /> *[[Malappuram Kathi]]<br /> *[[Moplah sword]]<br /> *[[Pata (sword)|Pata]]<br /> *[[Pesh-kabz]]<br /> *[[Pichangatti]]<br /> *[[Sirohi sword]]<br /> *[[Talwar]]<br /> *[[Urumi]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> *[[Chinese sword]]<br /> *[[Japanese sword]]<br /> *[[Korean sword]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{commonscat|Swords of India}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian swords| ]]<br /> [[Category:Weapons of India]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ek_Se_Badkar_Ek&diff=498277 2025-11-25T05:57:56Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Starting stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{More citations needed|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | director = [[Mukul S. Anand|Mukul Anand]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ravi Chopra]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = Madhulika Verma&lt;br&gt;Rauf Ahmed<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Kartika Rane]]<br /> * [[Tiku Talsania]]<br /> * [[Ravi Baswani]]<br /> * [[Jagdeep]]<br /> * [[Asrani]]<br /> * [[Rajesh Puri]]<br /> * [[Shankar Mahadevan]]<br /> }}<br /> | company = BR Films<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | runtime = <br /> | first_aired = {{start date|1995}}<br /> | last_aired = <br /> | channel = [[Doordarshan]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Ek Se Badkar Ek''''' is an Indian show launched in 1995 on [[Doordarshan]]. The show was sponsored by BPL, and initially directed by [[Mukul S. Anand|Mukul Anand]].<br /> <br /> The initial episodes of the serial were written by journalists Madhulika Verma and Rauf Ahmed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19950115-bpl-ek-se-badh-kar-ek-soap-with-top-ten-countdown-to-be-launched-on-dd-806869-1995-01-14|title=BPL Ek Se Badh Kar Ek, soap with Top Ten countdown to be launched on DD1|date=15 January 1995 |access-date=2016-06-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The programme's protagonist is Antara, played by Kartika Rane, who is a love interest of two of her uncle's tenants, played by Tiku Talsania and Ravi Baswani, living in the house haunted by a ghost named Raja.<br /> <br /> After Mukul Anand's death, the production house was taken over by BR Films, and the series was then directed by [[Ravi Chopra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011004/main8.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Glitz 'n' glamour|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=2016-06-25|archive-date=16 January 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020116210200/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011004/main8.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Kartika Rane]] as Antra<br /> * [[Tiku Talsania]] as Brij Mohan<br /> * [[Ravi Baswani]] as Rahul<br /> * [[Jagdeep]] as Contractor Khanna<br /> * [[Asrani]] as Raja (Ghost)<br /> * [[Rajesh Puri]] as Kanti Lal<br /> * [[Shankar Mahadevan]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:DD National original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy television series]]<br /> [[Category:1995 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows about ghosts]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-tv-prog-stub}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrhotus_andhra&diff=492907 2025-11-24T03:56:42Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Starting a pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of spider}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | image = Carrhotus andhra - Boson - 556475752.jpeg <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | genus = Carrhotus<br /> | species = andhra<br /> | authority = Caleb, 2020<br /> | synonyms =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Carrhotus andhra''''' is a species of jumping spider in the family [[Salticidae]]. It is found in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], after which it is named.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caleb |first=J. T. |last2=Bera |first2=Ch. |last3=Acharya |first3=Sh. |date=2020 |title=New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini) |url=https://kmkjournals.com/journals/AS/AS_Index_Volumes/AS_29/AS_29_1_051_066 |journal=Arthropoda Selecta |language=ru |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=51–66 |doi=10.15298/arthsel.29.1.04 |issn=0136-006X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boson |date=23 August 2025 |title=Carrhotus andhra |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/308445564 |access-date=12 October 2025 |website=iNaturalist |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> The carapace is brownish, with three patches of white hairs along the anterior margin. Anterior eyes are surrounded by white orbital setae. The sternum is oval and yellowish-brown. The labium and maxillae are similarly colored. The legs are brownish in color. The abdomen is yellow-brown, with a pair of lateral brown longitudinal patches. The female is unknown.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Carrhotus andhra'' can be distinguished from similar species by the presence of a prolateral, knife-like protrusion of the tegulum and the RTA (Retrolateral tibial apophysis) bifurcated at its tip.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{taxon bar|from=Q95573823}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Salticidae]]<br /> [[Category:Spiders described in 2020]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_the_Study_of_Developing_Societies&diff=471398 2025-11-23T21:04:51Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: small added references based on references and corrected details based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Delhi-based Indian research institute}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> | image = Centre for the Study of Developing Societies logo.png<br /> | caption = Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi<br /> | formation = 1963<br /> | type = Autonomous government research institute <br /> | status = <br /> | purpose = [[social sciences]] and [[humanities]] research<br /> | headquarters = 29 Rajpur Road, [[Civil Lines, Delhi|Civil Lines]], Delhi - 110054<br /> | leader_title = Director<br /> | leader_name = Awadhendra Sharan<br /> | main_organ = Board of Governors<br /> | name = Centre for the Study of Developing Societies<br /> | abbreviation = CSDS<br /> | founder = [[Rajni Kothari]]<br /> | website = {{url|www.csds.in}}<br /> }}<br /> The '''Centre for the Study of Developing Societies''' ('''CSDS''') is an Indian research institute for [[social sciences]] and [[humanities]] located in [[New Delhi]]. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Centre for the Study of Developing Societies was founded in 1963 by [[Rajni Kothari]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/481/481%20kothari.htm |title=Personally speaking: Rajni Kothari|publisher=India-seminar.com |date=30 March 2009 |access-date=2011-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was done using a grant of Rs 70,00 given to Kothari by Prof. Richard L. Park of the [[The Asia Foundation|Asia Foundation]], a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-backed cultural organization during the Cold War.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stonor Saunders |first=Frances |title=The Cultural Cold War |publisher=The New Press |year=2000 |pages=193}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is largely funded by the [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]] (ICSSR).&lt;ref name=&quot;csds.in&quot;&gt;[http://www.csds.in/index.php?inc=aboutCSDS About CSDS], CSDS website, 30 March 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Kothari left his position as assistant director of the National Institute of Community Development in 1963 to establish the CSDS. It was housed initially in a building owned by the Indian Adult Education Association at Indraprastha Estate in Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Interview Rajni Kothari, The Centre and Indian reality |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2012/639/639_interview_kothari.htm# |publisher=Seminar |date=2012 |access-date=2014-01-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1966–1967 CSDS moved to its present location.<br /> <br /> From December 2017 until March 2018, [[anthropologist]] and political scientist [[Mahmood Mamdani]] served as Rajni Kothari Chair Professor at the CSDS. After his term ended, on 4 April 2018 he delivered the annual Rajni Kothari Chair lecture, titled &quot;Thinking of Justice through Africa's Experience in the 20th Century&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Mahmood Mamdani | website=CSDS | date=4 April 2018 | url=https://www.csds.in/mahmood_mamdani_ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004041545/https://www.csds.in/mahmood_mamdani_ | archive-date=4 October 2025 | url-status=live | access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2025, the ICSSR issued a [[Order to show cause|show-cause notice]] to the CSDS, citing multiple administrative and financial irregularities and violations of grant-in-aid rules.&lt;ref name=&quot;HT2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=ICSSR issues show-cause to CSDS over past irregularities |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/icssr-issues-show-cause-to-csds-over-past-irregularities-101755716865118.html |access-date=21 August 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 August 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The notice alleged that CSDS had released misleading election data related to the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] and gave a biased interpretation of the ongoing Special Intensive Revision (SIR) in Bihar, allegedly aimed at &quot;maligning the reputation and image&quot; of the [[Election Commission of India]] (ECI).&lt;ref name=&quot;HT2025&quot; /&gt; According to subsequent media reports, the ICSSR and other reviewing bodies flagged several additional concerns regarding the institute's functioning, including lack of auditing, data manipulation, and funding lapses.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=ICSSR pulls up CSDS for data manipulation, seeks funding details; Nagpur, Nashik police cases add heat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/icssr-pulls-up-csds-for-data-manipulation-seeks-funding-details-nagpur-nashik-police-cases-add-heat/articleshow/123414068.cms|access-date=21 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=21 August 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=ICSSR seeks clarification from CSDS over alleged data manipulation and funding lapses |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/icssr-seeks-clarification-from-csds-over-alleged-data-manipulation-and-funding-lapses-9012345/|access-date=21 August 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=21 August 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ET2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=ICSSR cites funding lapses and audit gaps at CSDS |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/icssr-cites-funding-lapses-and-audit-gaps-at-csds/articleshow/123418932.cms|access-date=21 August 2025 |work=The Economic Times |date=21 August 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Location and description==<br /> CSDS is located in [[New Delhi]], close to [[Delhi University]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.csds.in/index.php?inc=location |title=Getting to CSDS |publisher=CSDS |access-date=2011-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Awadhendra Sharan is director of CSDS.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Sharan, Awadhendra | website=SAGE India | date=9 October 2025 | url=https://in.sagepub.com/en-in/sas/author/awadhendra-sharan | access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Awadhendra Sharan: India's Atmospheric Modernity | website=German Historical Institute London | date=17 November 2023 | url=https://www.ghil.ac.uk/publications/podcasts/indias-atmospheric-modernity | access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Breathing In : Air and Atmospheres by Awadhendra Sharan | website=wiser.wits.ac.za | date=20 May 2024 | url=https://wiser.wits.ac.za/event/breathing-air-and-atmospheres-awadhendra-sharan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512212848/https://wiser.wits.ac.za/event/breathing-air-and-atmospheres-awadhendra-sharan | archive-date=12 May 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Library===<br /> The library at CSDS started with a few bookshelves in the basement of IAEA and grew into a fully-fledged one by 1970. It is meant primarily for research and higher learning in the field of social sciences and humanities. The collection consists of about 29,000 books and 5,000 bound volumes of journals and a modest set of reports and booklets. More than 130 journals are received regularly. Apart from works on contemporary themes, the library houses a collection of works on Asia and Africa, the arms race and peace movement, non-European perspectives, science studies, ecology and environment, and human rights. There is a separate collection of Hindi books covering a broad range of subjects including literature. The access to the collection has been computerised and the catalogue can be accessed through any computer in the centre. The CSDS library is a member of the [[Developing Libraries Network]] and the [[Social Science Libraries Network]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.csds.in/index.php?inc=library |title=CSDS - Centre for the Study of Developing Societies |publisher=Csds.in |access-date=2012-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Data unit===<br /> The CSDS Data Unit, established in 1965, maintains an archive of survey data on political behaviour and attitudes, spanning over four decades. The unit also holds a number of secondary data sets, especially on elections in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.csds.in/data_unit.htm |title=CSDS |publisher=Csds.in |access-date=2012-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Programmes ==<br /> Programmes operated by the centre include:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.csds.in/programmes_and_projects.html |title=CSDS |publisher=Csds.in |access-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422123220/http://www.csds.in/programmes_and_projects.html |archive-date=2012-04-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Lokniti CSDS|Lokniti Programme for Comparative Democracy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lokniti.org/ |title=Lokniti |publisher=Lokniti |date=2011-07-30 |access-date=2012-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[The Sarai Programme]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sarai.net/ |title=Welcome to Sarai |publisher=Sarai.net |access-date=2012-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Indian Language Programme&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.csds.in/indian_language_programmes.html |title=CSDS |publisher=Csds.in |access-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729161944/http://www.csds.in/indian_language_programmes.html |archive-date=2012-07-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Official website|http://www.csds.in/}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|28.678|77.218|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1963 establishments in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1963]]<br /> [[Category:Research institutes in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Social science research institutes]]<br /> [[Category:Research institutes established in 1963]]<br /> [[Category:Humanities institutes]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surasena&diff=453309 2025-10-25T16:57:16Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: expand page per standard format and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Ancient Indian region}}<br /> {{about|the historical region|the king in Indian mythology|Shurasena}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox country<br /> | native_name = <br /> | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Surasena<br /> | common_name = Surasena<br /> | era = [[Bronze Age]], [[Iron Age]]<br /> | government_type = [[Monarchy]]<br /> | year_start = c. 700 BCE<br /> | year_end = c. 300 BCE<br /> | s1 = Nanda Empire{{!}}Magadha<br /> | image_map = Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png<br /> | image_map_alt = <br /> | image_map_caption = Surasena and other Mahajanapadas in the post-Vedic period.<br /> | leader1 = <br /> | capital = [[Mathura]]<br /> | common_languages = [[Sanskrit]], [[Prakrit]]<br /> | religion = [[Historical Vedic religion]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jainism]]&lt;br&gt;[[Buddhism]]<br /> | currency = <br /> | title_leader = [[Maharaja]]<br /> | today = [[India]]<br /> }}<br /> {{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}<br /> <br /> The kingdom of '''Surasena''' ({{IAST3|Śūrasena}}) was an [[ancient India]]n region corresponding to the present-day [[Braj]] region in [[Uttar Pradesh]], with [[Mathura]] as its capital city. According to the Buddhist text ''[[Anguttara Nikaya]]'', Surasena was one of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]] (lit. 'great realms') in the 6th century BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=85}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also, it is mentioned in the Hindu epic poem [[Ramayana]]. The [[ancient Greek]] writers (e.g., [[Megasthenes]]) refer to the Sourasenoi and its cities, Methora and Cleisobra/Kleisobora .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Majumdar|first=Ramesh Chandra|title=Ancient India|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited|year=1995|isbn=978-81-208-0436-4|location=Delhi|pages=173}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Raychaudhuri 1972 71&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=71}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> The Śūrasena state was located on the [[Yamuna|Yamunā]] river, and its capital was the city of [[Mathura|Mathurā]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |author-link=Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri |date=1953 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty |pages=138–143 |url= |location= |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |isbn=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ==Origin==<br /> It is speculated that the Surasena kingdom was established by [[Shurasena|Šúraséna]] on the banks of [[Sarasvati River|Saraswati]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Saraswati - AncientVoice |url=https://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/saraswati |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=ancientvoice.wikidot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Surasenas claimed their descent from the [[List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes|Yadus]] mentioned in the [[Rigveda]]. Surasena was one of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]]. The Sura-sena Janapada was occupied by [[Vrishni|Vrishnis]] and Andhakas, branches of the [[Yadu dynasty|Yadu tribe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Ram Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TH4BAAAAMAAJ |title=Ethnology of Ancient Bhārata |date=1970 |publisher=Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The [[Mahabharata]] and the [[Puranas]] refer to the rulers of the Mathura region as the Yadus or [[Yadava]]s, divided into a number of septs, which include the [[Vrishni]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raychaudhuri 1972 128&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Singh|2008|p=264}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Buddhist texts refer to Avantiputta, the king of the Surasenas in the time of [[Katyayana (Buddhist)|Maha Kachchana]], one of the chief disciples of [[Gautama Buddha]], who spread Buddhism in the Mathura region.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raychaudhuri 1972 128&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Its capital, [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]], was situated on the bank of the river [[Yamuna]], presently a sacred place for the [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The ancient Greek writers mention another city, named Cleisobora, in this region.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raychaudhuri 1972 71&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Archaeological excavations at Mathura show the gradual growth of a village into an important city. The earliest period belonged to the [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (1100–500 BCE), followed by the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (700–200 BCE). Mathura derived its importance as a center of trade due to its location where the [[Grand Trunk Road|northern trade route]] of the [[Gangetic Plain]] met with the routes to [[Malwa]] (central India) and the [[Western India|west coast]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Upinder Singh|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&amp;pg=PA281|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|pages=281, 336}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Saurasena coin.jpg|Saurasena coin, 400–300 BCE.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Sources==<br /> #{{Citation<br /> | surname1 = Raychaudhuri <br /> | given1 = H.C. <br /> | year = 1972<br /> | title = Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty<br /> | publisher = Calcutta: University of Calcutta<br /> }}.<br /> #{{Citation<br /> | surname1 = Singh <br /> | given1 = Upinder <br /> | year = 2008<br /> | isbn = 978-81-317-1677-9<br /> | title = A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century<br /> | publisher = Delhi: Pearson Education<br /> }}.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> {{Mahajanapada}}<br /> {{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}<br /> {{Mahabharata}}<br /> {{Historical regions of North India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mahajanapadas]]<br /> [[Category:Mahabharata]]<br /> [[Category:Yadava kingdoms]]<br /> [[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]<br /> [[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]<br /> [[Category:Iron Age countries in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Iron Age cultures of South Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient peoples of India]]<br /> [[Category:Places in Hindu mythology]]<br /> [[Category:Regions of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Regions of Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Regions of Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kuru Kingdom}}</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1977_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election&diff=451886 2025-10-20T22:33:28Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: Enhanced content and organization</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Assembly Election of West Bengal, India}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | election_name = 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election<br /> | type = Legislative<br /> | ongoing = no<br /> | country = India<br /> | previous_election = 1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election<br /> | previous_year = 1972<br /> | next_election = 1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election<br /> | next_year = 1982<br /> | election_date = 14 June 1977<br /> | seats_for_election = All 294 seats in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | majority_seats = 148<br /> | outgoing_members = 1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election#Results by constituency<br /> | elected_members = 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election#Elected members<br /> | leader1 = [[Jyoti Basu]]<br /> | image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|bSize=120 |cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=20|oTop=10}}<br /> | party1 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> | leaders_seat1 = [[Satgachhia Assembly constituency|Satgachhia]]<br /> | percentage1 = '''35.46%'''<br /> | seats1 = '''178'''<br /> | last_election1 = 27.45%, 14 seats<br /> | seat_change1 = {{increase}} 164<br /> | swing1 = {{increase}} 8.01 [[Percentage point|pp]]<br /> | alliance1 = Left Front (West Bengal)<br /> | party2 = Janata Party<br /> | leader2 = [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]<br /> | image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=PrafullaChandraSen.png|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=5|oTop=0}}<br /> | leaders_seat2 = Did not contest{{efn|Sen was the sitting MP for [[Arambagh Lok Sabha constituency|Arambagh]]}}<br /> | percentage2 = 20.02%<br /> | seats2 = 29<br /> | last_election2 = ''New''<br /> | seat_change2 = ''New''<br /> | swing2 = ''New''<br /> | alliance2 = <br /> | party3 = [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC(R)]]<br /> | leader3 = [[Purabi Mukhopadhyay]]<br /> | leaders_seat3 = Did not contest{{efn|Mukhopadhyay was a [[Rajya Sabha]] MP representing West Bengal}}<br /> | image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Cow_and_Calf_INC.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}<br /> | percentage3 = 23.02%<br /> | seats3 = 20<br /> | last_election3 = 49.08%, 216 seats<br /> | seat_change3 = {{loss}} 196<br /> | swing3 = {{loss}} 26.06 [[Percentage point|pp]]<br /> | alliance3 = <br /> | leader_since1 = 1964<br /> | leader_since2 = 1977<br /> | leader_since3 = 1977<br /> | popular_vote1 = '''6,568,999'''<br /> | popular_vote2 = 2,869,391<br /> | popular_vote3 = 3,298,063<br /> | title = [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|Chief Minister]]<br /> | before_election = [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]<br /> | before_party = Indian National Congress<br /> | after_election = [[Jyoti Basu]]<br /> | after_party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br /> | posttitle = [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|Chief Minister]] after election<br /> | 1blank = Alliance seats<br /> | 1data1 = '''231'''<br /> | 1data2 = 29<br /> | 1data3 = 20<br /> | 2blank = Seat change<br /> | 2data1 = ''New alliance''<br /> | 2data2 = ''New party''<br /> | 2data3 = {{decrease}} 196<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}<br /> '''[[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] elections''' was held in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]] on 14 June 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;(India)Sengupta1978&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=West Bengal (India)|author2=Jatindra Chandra Sengupta|title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Nadiā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TluAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers|page=420}}&lt;/ref&gt; The polls took place after the ousting of [[Indira Gandhi]]'s government at the Centre. <br /> <br /> The [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] won a landslide victory. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] leader [[Jyoti Basu]] leading the first Left Front cabinet. The election finally put to rest, the decade-long political instability that had begun since [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]].<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> After the [[Janata Party]] won the [[1977 Indian general election|national parliamentary election]] in March 1977 the new government in Delhi opted to dissolve the assemblies in nine states where the [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (R)]] had lost the parliamentary polls and call for fresh elections.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt; West Bengal was one of these states.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt; The Congress(R) opposed the dissolution of the assemblies, the incumbent West Bengal Congress(R) government petitioned the [[Supreme Court of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt; The Supreme Court rejected the petition on 30 April 1977 and the West Bengal assembly was dissolved on order from the acting president [[B.D. Jatti]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=N. Jose Chander|title=Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_QtMGIczhMC&amp;pg=PA105|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-092-1|page=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ahead of the March 1977 parliamentary election the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] (a new alliance led by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] consisting of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]], [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]], [[Marxist Forward Bloc|MFB]], [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|RCPI]] &amp; [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]]) and the Janata Party had contested with a seat-sharing agreement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt; With the assembly elections approaching, the two sides sought to build a seat-sharing agreement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt; But the negotiation turned fruitless, and the Left Front and Janata Party parted ways.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt; The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 56% of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to Janata Party leader [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]], but the Janata Party insisted on 70% of the seats.&lt;ref&gt;The Wire. ''[http://thewire.in/33521/why-has-nobody-called-it-yet-an-analysis-of-the-west-bengal-elections/ Why Has Nobody Called It Yet? An Analysis of the West Bengal Elections]''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There were 25,984,474 eligible voters, voter turn-out stood at 56.15%.&lt;ref name=s1977/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Campaign==<br /> In most areas the West Bengal assembly election saw a triangular contest between the Left Front, the Congress(R) and the Janata Party for the 294 seats across the constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt; The Left Front fielded 293 candidates; CPI(M) contested 224 seats, the [[All India Forward Bloc]] 36, the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] 23, the [[Marxist Forward Bloc]] 3, the [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]] 4, the [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]] 2 and 1 Left Front supported independent.&lt;ref name=s1977/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mukherjee1991&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Committee&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee|title=Election results of West Bengal: statistics &amp; analysis, 1952-1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNeNAAAAMAAJ|publisher=The Committee|page=419}}&lt;/ref&gt; Congress(R) contested 290 seats and Janata Party 289 seats.&lt;ref name=s1977/&gt; Left Front heavily campaigned on the massive-rigging perpetrated by the Congress(R) in the previous state election, state-sponsored [[Anti-communist mass killings|anti-Communist violence]] &amp; [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency-era abuses]] perpetrated by the government of [[Siddharta Shankar Ray]], with its slogan being ''কংগ্রেসের কালো হাত ভেঙ্গে দাও, গুড়িয়ে দাও'' (''Break off &amp; smash the black hand of the Congress'' in Bengali).<br /> <br /> == Seat Allotment==<br /> ==={{legend2|{{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]}}===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> ! Flag<br /> ! Symbol<br /> ! Leader<br /> ! Contesting Seats<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br /> | [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]<br /> | [[File:CPIM election symbol.png|50px]]<br /> | [[Jyoti Basu]]<br /> | 224<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> | [[All India Forward Bloc]]<br /> | [[File:AIFB Flag 2023.png|50px]]<br /> | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg|50px]]<br /> | R. K. Haldulkar<br /> | 36<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> | [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]<br /> | [[File:RSP-flag.svg|50px]]<br /> | [[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|50px]]<br /> | [[Tridib Chaudhuri]]<br /> | 23<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}<br /> | [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]<br /> |<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> | [[Bimalananda Mukherjee]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Marxist Forward Bloc}}<br /> | [[Marxist Forward Bloc]]<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> | [[Pratim Chatterjee]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Biplobi Bangla Congress}}<br /> | [[Biplobi Bangla Congress]]<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> |<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Independent}}<br /> | [[Independent politician|LF-Independent]]<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> |<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=5| Total<br /> ! 293<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==={{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}|[[Indian National Congress (R)|Indira Congress]]}}===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> ! Flag<br /> ! Symbol<br /> ! Leader<br /> ! Contesting Seats<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (R)}}<br /> | [[Indian National Congress (R)]]<br /> | <br /> | [[File:Cow and Calf INC.svg|100px]]<br /> | [[Purabi Mukhopadhyay]]<br /> | 290<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=5 | Total<br /> ! 290<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==={{legend2|{{party color|Janata Party}}|[[Janata Party]]}}===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> ! Flag<br /> ! Symbol<br /> ! Leader<br /> ! Contesting Seats<br /> |-<br /> | {{party color cell|Janata Party}}<br /> | [[Janata Party]]<br /> | [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]&lt;!-- Do not use placeholder images here per WP:IPH --&gt;<br /> | <br /> | [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]<br /> | 289<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=5 | Total<br /> ! 289<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Results==<br /> The Left Front won the election, winning 231 out of the 294 seats.&lt;ref name=nlr&gt;''New Left Review''. ''[https://newleftreview.org/II/70/kheya-bag-red-bengal-s-rise-and-fall RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=s1977&gt;Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mukherjee1991&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bharati Mukherjee|title=Political Culture and Leadership in India: A Study of West Bengal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYg9LlHn21cC&amp;pg=PA31|date=1 January 1991|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-320-9|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt; The electoral result came as a surprise to the Left Front itself, as it had offered 52% of the seats in the pre-electoral seat sharing talks with the Janata Party.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chander2004&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=biman&gt;''People's Democracy''. [http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.htm West Bengal: How The Left Front And Its Government Emerged] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815214713/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_biman%20basu.htm |date=15 August 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 21 June 1977 the Left Front formed a government with [[Jyoti Basu]] as its Chief Minister.&lt;ref name=biman/&gt;&lt;ref name=bud&gt;''People's Democracy''. ''[http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_buddhadev.htm Thirty Years of Left Front Government in West Bengal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401020426/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2007/0624/06242007_buddhadev.htm |date=1 April 2015 }}''&lt;/ref&gt; The first cabinet meeting of the Left Front government ordered the release of political prisoners.&lt;ref name=ht&gt;''Hindustan Times''. ''[http://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/timeline-of-left-front-government-in-west-bengal/story-muPwAyT5OH4wDKgimtqEJJ.html Timeline of Left Front government in West Bengal]''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] leader [[Santosh Rana]] was elected as an independent from [[Gopiballavpur Assembly constituency|Gopiballavpur]].&lt;ref&gt;''Times of India''. ''[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/CPIML-MLA-Santosh-Rana-quits-party/articleshow/50986771.cms CPI(ML) MLA Santosh Rana quits party]''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable style=text-align:right<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> !Candidates<br /> !Seats<br /> !Votes<br /> !%<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=7 align=left|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]<br /> |align=left|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br /> |224<br /> |178<br /> |5,080,828<br /> |35.46<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[All India Forward Bloc]]<br /> |36<br /> |25<br /> |750,229<br /> |5.24<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]<br /> |23<br /> |20<br /> |536,625<br /> |3.74<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]]&lt;!-- Includes Sudhin Kumar in Howrah Central, who contested as an independent --&gt;<br /> |4<br /> |3<br /> |75,156<br /> |0.52<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[Marxist Forward Bloc]]&lt;!-- Includes Ram Chaterjee in Tarakeswar, who contested as an independent --&gt;<br /> |3<br /> |3<br /> |58,466<br /> |0.41<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|[[Biplobi Bangla Congress]]&lt;!-- Includes the candidates in Sabang and Indpur, not the third candidate belonging to the BBCP --&gt;<br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |35,457<br /> |0.25<br /> |-<br /> |align=left|LF independent<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |32,238<br /> |0.22<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Janata Party]]<br /> |289<br /> |29<br /> |2,869,391<br /> |20.02<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (R)]]<br /> |290<br /> |20<br /> |3,298,063<br /> |23.02<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Communist Party of India]]<br /> |63<br /> |2<br /> |375,560<br /> |2.62<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India]]<br /> |29<br /> |4<br /> |211,752<br /> |1.48<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]<br /> |32<br /> |1<br /> |54,942<br /> |0.38<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Workers Party of India]]<br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |29,221<br /> |0.20<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Jharkhand Party]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |5,701<br /> |0.04<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[Republican Party of India]]<br /> |3<br /> |0<br /> |1,652<br /> |0.01<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|[[All India Gorkha League]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |810<br /> |0.01<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|Bharater Biplobi Communist Party&lt;!-- Which RCPI splinter group is this??? The one led by Anadi Das or the one led by B.B. Nandy??? --&gt;<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |489<br /> |0.00<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|Independents&lt;!-- excluding the 3 independents of LF --&gt;<br /> |566<br /> |7<br /> |912,612<br /> |6.37<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=2 align=left|'''Total'''<br /> |'''1,572'''<br /> |'''294'''<br /> |'''14,329,201'''<br /> |'''100'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=left colspan=6|Source: [http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf ECI]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Elected members==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Constituency<br /> !Reserved for&lt;br/&gt;([[Scheduled Castes|SC]]/[[Scheduled Tribes|ST]]/None)<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | Mekliganj || SC || Sada Kant Roy || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sitalkuchi || SC || Sudhir Pramanik || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mathabhanga || SC || Dinesh Chandra Dakua || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Cooch Behar North || None || Aparajita Goppi || {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Cooch Behar West || None || Bimal Kanti Basu || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sitai || None || Dipak Sen Gupta || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dinhata || None || Kamal Kanti Guha || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Natabari || None || Sibendra Narayan Chowdhury || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tufanganj || SC || Manindra Nath Barma || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kumargram || ST || John Arther Baxla || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kalchini || ST || Manohar Tirkey || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Alipurduars || None || Nani Bhattacharya || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Falakata || SC || Jogendra Nath Singh Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Madarihat || ST || A. H. Besterwitch || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dhupguri || SC || Banamali Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nagrakata || ST || Punai Oraon || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mainaguri || SC || [[Tarak Bandhu Roy]] || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mal || ST || Mohan Lal Oraon || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kranti || None || Parimal Mitra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jalpaiguri || None || Nirmal Kumar Bose || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rajganj || SC || Dhirendra Nath Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kalimpong || None || Subha Renuleena || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Darjeeling || None || Deo Prakash Rai || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kurseong || None || Dawa Norbula || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Siliguri || None || Biren Bose || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Phansidewa || ST || Patras Minz || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chopra || None || Moha Bachcha Munsi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Islampur || None || Chowdhary Abdul Karim || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Goalpokhar || None || Ramjan Ali || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Karandighi || None || Haji Sajjad Hussain || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Raiganj || SC || Khagendra Nath Sinha || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kaliaganj || SC || Naba Kumar Roy || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kushmandi || SC || Dhirendra Nath Sarkar || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Itahar || None || Zaimal Abedin || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gangarampur || None || Ahindra Sarkar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tapan || ST || Natheniel Murmu || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kumarganj || None || Jamini Kisore Mojumdar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Balurghat || None || Biswanath Choudhauri || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Habibpur || ST || Murmu Sarkar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gajol || ST || Sufal Murmu || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kharba || None || Golam Yazdani || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Harishchandrapur || None || Birendra Kumar Maitra || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ratua || None || Mohammad Ali || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Araidanga || None || Habib Mustafa || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Malda || SC || Subhendu Choudhury || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Englishbazar || None || Sailen Sarkar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Manikchak || None || Subodh Choudhury || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Suzapur || None || Abul Barkat Ataul Ghani Khan Chowdhury || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kaliachak || None || Samsuddin Ahmmad || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Farakka || None || Abul Hasnat Khan || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Aurangabad || None || Lutfal Haque || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Suti || None || Md. Sohorab || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sagardighi || SC || Hazari Biswas || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jangipur || None || Habibur Rahaman || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Lalgola || None || Abdus Sattar || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhagabangola || None || Kazi Hafizur Rahaman || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nabagram || None || Birendra Narayan Ray || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Murshidabad || None || Chhaya Ghosh || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jalangi || None || Atahar Rahaman || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Domkal || None || Md. Abdul Bari || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Naoda || None || Jayanta Kumar Biswas || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hariharpara || None || Shaikh Imajuddin || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Berhampore || None || Debabrata Bandopadhyay || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Beldanga || None || Timir Baran Bhadury || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kandi || None || Atish Chandra Sinha || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khargram || SC || Dinabandhu Majhi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barwan || None || Amalendra Roy || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bharatpur || None || Satyapada Bhattacharyya || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Karimpur || None || Samarendra Nath Sanyal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Palashipara || None || Madhabendu Mohanta || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nakashipara || None || Mir Fakir Mohammad || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kaliganj || None || Debsaran Ghosh || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chapra || None || Sahabuddin Mondal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Krishnaganj || SC || Jnanendranath Biswas || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Krishnagar East || None || Kashikanta Maitra || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Krishnagar West || None || Amritendu Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nabadwip || None || Debi Prosad Basu || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Santipur || None || Bimalananda Mukherjee || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hanskhali || SC || Sukumar Mondal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ranaghat East || SC || Satish Chandra Biswas || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ranaghat West || None || Kundu Gourchandra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chakdaha || None || Binoy Kumar Biswas || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Haringhata || None || Malakar Nanigopal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bagdah Assembly constituency|Bagdah]]|| SC || [[Kamalakshi Biswas]]|| {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bongaon || None || Ranjit Mitra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gaighata || None || Kanti Chandra Biswas || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Habra || None || Nirode Roy Chowdhury || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ashokenagar || None || Nani Kar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Amdanga || None || Hashim Abdul Halim || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barasat || None || Saral Deb || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rajarhat || SC || Rabindra Nath Mandal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Deganga || None || A. K. M. Hassan Uzzaman || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian Union Muslim League}}<br /> |-<br /> | Swarupnagar || None || Anisur Rahman || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Baduria || None || Mostafa Bin Quasem || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Basirhat || None || Narayan Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hasnabad || None || Amiya Banerjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Haroa || SC || Kshiti Ranjan Mondal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sandeshkhali || SC || Kumud Ranjan Biswas || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hingalganj || SC || Sudhangshu Mondal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gosaba || SC || Ganesh Chandra Mondal || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Basanti || SC || Kalipada Barman || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kultali || SC || Probodh Purkait || {{Full party name with color|1=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Joynagar || None || Deba Prosad Sarkar || {{Full party name with color|1=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Baruipur || None || Hemen Majumdar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Canning West || SC || Chitta Ranjan Mridha || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Canning East || None || Abdur Razzak Molla || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhangar || None || Daud Khan || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jadavpur || None || Dinesh Majumdar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sonarpur || SC || Gangadhar Naskar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bishnupur East || SC || Sundar Naskar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bishnupur West || None || Provesh Chandra Ray || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Behala East || None || Niranjan Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Behala West || None || Rabin Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Garden Reach || None || Chhedilal Singh || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Maheshtala || None || Sudhir Bhandari || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Budge Budge || None || Khitibhusan Burmon || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Satgachia || None || Jyoti Basu || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Falta || None || Nemai Chandra Das || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Diamond Harbour || None || [[Abdul Quiyom Molla]]|| {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Magrahat West || None || Chhobhan Gazi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Magrahat East || SC || Radjika Ranjan Pramanik || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mandirbazar || SC || Renupada Halder || {{Full party name with color|1=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mathurapur || None || Satya Ranjan Bapuli || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kulpi || SC || Krishnadhan Halder || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Patharpratima || None || Gunadhar Maiti || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kakdwip || None || Hrishikesh Maity || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sagar || None || Provanjan Mondal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bijpur || None || Jagadish Chandra Das || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Naihati || None || Gopal Basu || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhatpara || None || Sita Ram Gupta || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jagatdal || None || Nihar Kumar Basu || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Noapara || None || Jamini Bhusan Saha || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Titagarh || None || Mohammed Amin || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khardah || None || Kamal Sarkar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Panihati || None || Gopal Krishna Bhattacharyya || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kamarhati || None || Radhika Ranjan Banerjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Baranagar || None || Matish Ray || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dum Dum || None || Tarun Sen Gupta || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Belgachia East || None || Subhas Chakraborty || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Cossipur || None || Buddhadev Bhattacharjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shyampukur || None || Nalini Kanta Guha || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jorabagan || None || Haripada Bharati || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jorasanko || None || Vishnu Kant Shastri || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bara Bazar || None || Rabi Shankar Pandey || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bow Bazar || None || [[Abul Hassan (born 1917)|Abul Hassan]] || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chowringhee || None || Sandip Das || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kabitirtha || None || Kalimuddin Shams || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Alipore || None || Ashoke Kumar Bose || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rashbehari Avenue || None || Ashok Mitra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tollygunge || None || Prasanta Kumar Sur || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dhakuria || None || [[Jatin Chakraborty]] || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ballygunge || None || Sachin Sen || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Entally || None || Md. Nezamuddin || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Taltola || SC || Sumanta Kr. Hira || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Beliaghata || None || Krishna Pada Ghosh || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sealdah || None || Binoy Banerjee || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Vidyasagar || None || Samar Kumar Rudra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Burtola || None || Nikhil Das || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Manicktola || None || Suhrid Mullick Chowdhury || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Belgachia West || None || Lakshmi Charan Sen || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bally || None || Patipaban Pathak || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Howrah North || None || Chitabrata Mazumdar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Howrah Central || None || Sudhindra Nath Kumar || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Howrah South || None || Praley Talukdar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shibpur || None || Kanai Lal Bhattacharyya || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Domjur || None || Joykesh Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jagatballavpur || None || M. Ansaruddin || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Panchla || None || Santosh Kumar Das || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sankrail || SC || Haran Hazra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Uluberia North || SC || Raj Kumar Mndal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Uluberia South || None || Aurobinda Ghosal || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Shyampur || None || Sasabindu Bera || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bagnan || None || Nirupama Chatterjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kalyanpur || None || Nitai Charan Adak || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Amta || None || Barindra Nath Koley || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Udaynarayanpur || None || Pannalal Majhi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jangipara || None || Manindra Nath Jana || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chanditala || None || Malin Ghosh || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Uttarpara || None || Santashree Chattopadhyay || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Serampore || None || Kamal Krishna Bahattacharayya || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Champdani || None || Saidndra Nath Chattopadhyay || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chandernagore || None || Bhabani Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Singur || None || Gopal Bandnopadhyay || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Haripal || None || Balai Bandhopadhyay || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tarakeswar || None || Ram Chatterjee || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chinsurah || None || Sambhu Charan Ghosh || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bansberia || None || Prabir Kumar Sen Gupta || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Balagarh || SC || Abimnash Pramanik || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pandua || None || Deb Narayan Chakrabarty || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Polba || None || Brojogopal Neogy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dhaniakhali || SC || Kripa Sindhu Saha || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pursurah || None || Manoranjan Hazra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khanakul || SC || Panchanan Digpati || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Arambagh || None || Ajoy Kr. Dey || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Goghat || SC || Nanuram Roy || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chandrakona || None || Umapati Chakrabarty || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ghatal || SC || Gopal Mondal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Daspur || None || Prabhas Chandra Phadikar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nandanpur || None || Manoranjan Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Panskura West || None || [[Sk. Omar Ali]] || {{Full party name with color|1=Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Panskura East || None || Swades Ranjan Maji || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Tamluk || None || Biswanath Mukhopadhyay || {{Full party name with color|1=Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Moyna || None || Pulak Bera || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mahishadal || None || Saswati Bag || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sutahata || SC || Shiba Nath Das || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nandigram || None || Prabir Jana || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Narghat || None || Bankim Behari Maiti || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhagabanpur || None || Haripada Jana || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khajuri || SC || Sunirmal Paik || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Contai North || None || Rasbehari Pal || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Contai South || None || Satya Brata Maiti || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ramnagar || None || Balailal Das Mahapatra || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Egra || None || Prabodh Chandra Sinha || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mugberia || None || Kiranmay Nanda || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pataspur || None || Janmejoy Ojha || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sabang || None || Gouranga Samanta || {{Full party name with color|1=Biplobi Bangla Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Pingla || None || Haripada Jana || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Debra || None || [[Syed Moazzam Hossain]] || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Keshpur || SC || Rajani Kanta Doloi || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Garhbeta East || None || Subhendu Mondal || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Garhbeta West || SC || Santosh Bisui || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Salbani || None || Sundar Hazra || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Midnapore || None || Bankim Behari Pal || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kharagpur Town || None || Sudhir Dassharma || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kharagpur Rural || None || [[Sheikh Siraj Ali]] || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Keshiari || ST || Khudiram Singh || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Narayangarh || None || Krishna Das Roy || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dantan || None || Pradyot Kumar Mahanti || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nayagram || ST || Budhadeb Singh || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gopiballavpur || None || Santosh Rana || {{Full party name with color|1=Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jhargram || None || Ram Chandra Satpathy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Binpur || ST || Sambhunath Mandi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Banduan || ST || Sudhangshu Sekhar Majhi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Manbazar || None || Nakul Chandra Mahata || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Balrampur || ST || Bikram Tudu || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Arsa || None || Daman Chandra Kuiry || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jhalda || None || Satya Ranjan Mahato || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jaipur || None || Ram Krishna Mahato || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Purulia || None || Mahadeb Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Para || SC || Gobinda Bauri || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Raghunathpur || SC || Bijoy Bauri || {{Full party name with color|1=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kashipur || ST || Surendra Nath Majhi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hura || None || Ambarish Mukhopadhyay || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Taldangra || None || Mohini Mohan Panda || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Raipur || ST || Apindra Kisku || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ranibandh || ST || Suchand Soren || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Indpur || SC || Binode Behari Maji || {{Full party name with color|1=Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | Chhatna || None || Subhas Goswami || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Gangajalghati || SC || Nabani Barui || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barjora || None || Aswini Kumar Raj || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bankura || None || Partha De || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Onda || None || Anil Mukherjee || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Vishnupur || None || Achintya Krishna Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kotulpur || None || Gunadhar Choudhary || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Indas || SC || Badan Bora || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Sonamukhi || SC || Sukhendu Khan || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kulti || None || Madhu Banerjee || {{Full party name with color|1=Marxist Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Barabani || None || Sunil Basu Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hirapur || None || Bamapada Mukherjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Asansol || None || Haradhan Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Raniganj || None || Haradhan Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jamuria || None || Bikash Chowdhury || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukhra || SC || Lakhan Bagdi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Durgapur-i || None || Dilip Kumar Majundar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Durgapur-ii || None || Tarun Chatterjee || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kanksa || SC || Lakshinarayan Saha || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ausgram || SC || Shreedhar Malik || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bhatar || None || Bholanath Sen || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Galsi || None || Debranjan Sen || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Burdwan North || None || Dwarka Nath Tah || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Burdwan South || None || Benoy Krishna Chowdhry || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Khandaghosh || SC || Purna Chandra Malik || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Raina || None || Ram Narayan Goswami || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Jamalpur || SC || Sunil Santra || {{Full party name with color|1=Marxist Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Memari || None || Benoy Konar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Kalna || None || Guruprasad Sinha Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nadanghat || None || Syed Abdul Habibullah || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Manteswar || None || Hemanta Kumar Roy || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Purbasthali || None || Manoranjan Nath || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Katwa || None || Haramohan Sinha || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mangalkot || None || Nikhilananda Sar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ketugram || SC || Raicharan Majhi || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nanur || SC || Banamali Das || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Bolpur || None || Jyotsna Kumar Gupta || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Labhpur || None || Sunil Kumar Mazumdar || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Dubrajpur || None || Bhakti Bhusan Mandal || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rajnagar || SC || Siddheswar Mandal || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Suri || None || Suniti Chattaraj || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mahammad Bazar || None || Dhirendra Nath Sen || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Mayureswar || SC || Panchanan Let (bara) || {{Party name with color|1=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | Rampurhat || None || Shanshaka Sekhar Mondal || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Hansan || SC || [[Trilochan Mal]] || {{Full party name with color|1=Revolutionary Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Nalhati || None || Bhabaui Prasad Chattopadyay || {{Full party name with color|1=All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | Murarai || None || Motahar Hossain || {{Full party name with color|1=Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{West Bengal assembly elections}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India|West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:State Assembly elections in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:1970s in West Bengal]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Razia_Sheikh&diff=530096 2025-10-17T14:22:17Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: created post - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian javelin thrower}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | name = Razia Sheikh<br /> | image = <br /> | headercolor = <br /> | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|51|2010}}&lt;ref name=&quot;dob&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Pandya |first1=Hitarth |title=Old masters grab record medals at national championship |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/old-masters-grab-record-medals-at-national-championship/578358/ |website=The Indian Express |accessdate=9 October 2019 |date=11 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Gujarat]], India<br /> | country = India<br /> | sport = [[Track and field]]<br /> | event = [[Javelin throw]]<br /> | pb = <br /> | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Javelin throw]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}<br /> {{Medal|Competition|[[South Asian Games]]}}<br /> {{Medal|Gold|[[1987 South Asian Games|1987 Kolkata]]|Javelin throw}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Razia Sheikh''' is an Indian former [[track and field]] athlete, who competed in [[javelin throw]]. She was the first Indian woman to cross the barrier of 50 metres, which she did at the [[1987 South Asian Games]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Tere |first1=Tushar |title=This former int'l athlete awaits call from CWG organizers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/This-former-intl-athlete-awaits-call-from-CWG-organizers/articleshow/6253514.cms |accessdate=9 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=3 August 2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She represented India at two editions of the [[Asian Games]] ([[1982 Asian Games|1982 Delhi]] and [[1986 Asian Games|1986 Seoul]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;dob&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Sheikh broke the [[List of Indian records in athletics|national record]] for a best throw by an Indian female javelin thrower when she broke [[Elizabeth Davenport]]'s 21-year-old record in 1986 with a throw of 47.70 metres at the Playmakers' athletics meet in Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Krishnan |first1=Ram Murali |title=Sriram celebrates 40 years of his historic record in 800m |url=http://www.indiansportsnews.com/pranaav-jerry-chopra/2-uncategorised/40270-sriram-celebrates-40-years-of-his-historic-record-in-800m |website=indiansportsnews.com |accessdate=9 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009035040/http://www.indiansportsnews.com/pranaav-jerry-chopra/2-uncategorised/40270-sriram-celebrates-40-years-of-his-historic-record-in-800m |archivedate=9 October 2019 |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At the 1987 South Asian Games in [[Kolkata]], Sheikh threw 50.38 metres setting a new Games and national record bettering her mark of 47.80 metres. She won gold at the event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Indian Dominate But... Bangladesh sprinters corner glory |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=24 November 1987 |page=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sheikh, Razia}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1950s births]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women javelin throwers]]<br /> [[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br /> [[Category:South Asian Games silver medalists for India]]<br /> [[Category:South Asian Games medalists in athletics]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Asian Games]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]</div>

TawannaRiggs https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%27s_Got_Talent_season_10&diff=504000 2025-10-05T06:39:18Z

<p>TawannaRiggs: started post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian TV show}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br /> The tenth season of Indian talent competition programme '''''[[India's Got Talent]]''''' began on [[Sony Entertainment Television]] from 29 July 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Watch promo: India's Got Talent Season 10 to premiere on THIS date |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/indias-got-talent-new-promo-releasing-july-29-sony-tv-kirron-kher-badshah-shilpa-shetty-arjun-bijlani-2402763-2023-07-06 |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Infobox television season<br /> | bg_colour = #4d0033<br /> | season_number = 10<br /> | image = India's Got Talent Season 10 Poster.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = Promotional poster for season 10, featuring judges (L to R) judges Kher, Kundra and Badshah and participants<br /> | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season<br /> | judges = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Kirron Kher]]<br /> * [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]<br /> * [[Shilpa Shetty Kundra]]<br /> * [[Anupam Kher]] (guest)<br /> * [[Farah Khan]] (guest)<br /> }}<br /> | host = [[Arjun Bijlani]]<br /> | winner = Abujmarh Mallakhamb and Sports Academy<br /> | runner_up = Raaga Fusion<br /> }}<br /> | num_episodes = 30<br /> | network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|07|29|df=yes}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2023|11|5|df=yes}}<br /> | prev_season = [[India's Got Talent season 9|Season 9]]<br /> | next_season = [[India's Got Talent season 11|Season 11]]<br /> }}<br /> This season was won by Abujmarh Mallakhamb and Sports Academy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-11-05 |title=India's Got Talent: Abujhmad Mallakhamb &amp; Sports Academy emerge as the winner of the show |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indias-got-talent-abujhmad-mallakhamb-sports-academy-emerge-at-the-winner-of-the-show/articleshow/104992475.cms |access-date=2023-11-06 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> On 18 May 2023, Fremantle India announced that there will be a tenth season of India's Got Talent with the same cast returning except Manoj Muntashir.<br /> <br /> == Season overview ==<br /> The taglines for the seasons returned once again. The tagline for the tenth season was ''&quot;Vijayi Vishwa Hunar Hamara&quot;''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=India's Got Talent {{!}} Starts 29th July 2023, Sat-Sun At 9:30 PM |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZhBbxIR-SM |access-date=2023-07-18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This year, shooting took place at [[Filmistan|Filmistan Studio]]. The show was again hosted by [[Arjun Bijlani]]. Once again this year, the judging panel changed following [[Manoj Muntashir]]'s removal from the season after ill-received comments made on the [[Adipurush]] movie, for which he wrote the dialogues. [[Kirron Kher]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] and [[Shilpa Shetty|Shilpa Shetty Kundra]] reprised their role as judges.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India's Got Talent 10 All Set To Premiere on July 29 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/indias-got-talent-10-all-set-to-premiere-on-july-29-2631877.html |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=Zee News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-21 |title=The Kapil Sharma Show's Last Episode To Air On THIS Date, India's Got Talent To Replace It |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/the-kapil-sharma-shows-last-episode-to-air-on-this-date-indias-got-talent-to-replace-it-8131015.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the last 2 days of the auditions [[Kirron Kher]] was absent from the sets. On the last day, she was replaced by [[Anupam Kher]] for an episode. During this season, Shilpa Shetty Kundra had been absent for multiple episodes owing to her film promotion and other unrevealed reasons.<br /> <br /> The format for this season largely remained the same as of the previous season. Top 14 quarter-finalists{{ref|1|1}} compete in a weekly competition, eliminating one contestant per week. From the bottom-most contestants from public vote, judges give an anonymous verdict for whom they want to save. Results for each quarter-final are announced in the next quarter-final after all the performances.<br /> <br /> In quarter-final 7, each judge was given two golden buzzers, to advance a contestant directly to the next quarter-final without facing elimination. In other quarter-finals, the golden buzzer served as an appreciation key.<br /> <br /> === Golden Buzzer Summary ===<br /> Golden buzzer returned for its sixth series. Host was once again allowed to use the golden buzzer after season 8. Golden Buzzer acts straight away went to Top 14 Quarter-finals.<br /> <br /> In quarter-finals, golden buzzer was used to highly appreciate an act, although it had no effect on the result of the performer except in quarter-final 7 where it saved a contestant from the elimination round. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''&lt;big&gt;Judges&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> !'''&lt;big&gt;Host&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> !scope= &quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10em;&quot; |Kirron Kher<br /> !scope= &quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> !scope= &quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:11em;&quot; |Shilpa Shetty Kundra<br /> !scope= &quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:15em;&quot; |Arjun Bijlani<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''&lt;br/&gt;''Dance Group''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''&lt;br/&gt;''Music Band''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''N-House Crew'''&lt;br/&gt;''Dance Group''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''Inspiring Dance Family'''&lt;br/&gt;''Hair Aerial Act''<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''&lt;br/&gt;''Dance Group''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''&lt;br/&gt;''Music Band''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''The ART'''&lt;br/&gt;''Dance Trio''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Top 14===<br /> The following list includes the Top 14 quarter-finalists and their respective results in the season. Ages of the contestants were not revealed this season just like the previous season.<br /> <br /> : {{legend2|gold|Winner|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|silver|Runner-up|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|tan|Third Place|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|pink|Semi-finalist|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|white|Quarter-finalist|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br /> : [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|20x20px]] &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:93%&quot;&gt;Golden Buzzer (Quarter-final 7)&lt;/span&gt; | [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|20x20px]] &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:93%&quot;&gt;Golden Buzzer Audition&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:90%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !Participant<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Genre<br /> !Act<br /> !From<br /> !Last Quarter-final<br /> !Result<br /> |- style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |<br /> |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb and Sports Academy'''<br /> |'''Acrobatics'''<br /> |'''Mallakhamb Act'''<br /> |'''[[Abujmarh]], [[Chhattisgarh]]'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''Winner'''<br /> |-<br /> |Anuska Chatterjee [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |Acrobatics<br /> |Contortionist<br /> |[[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br /> |9<br /> |Eliminated<br /> |-<br /> |Awaara Crew<br /> |Dance<br /> |Dance Act<br /> |[[New Delhi]]<br /> |6<br /> |Eliminated<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot; |<br /> |'''Golden Girls [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|15x15px]] [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Dance'''<br /> |'''Formation Dance Act'''<br /> |'''[[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''Third place'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:Pink;&quot; |<br /> |Farhan Sabir Live [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |Music<br /> |Music Band<br /> |[[New Delhi]]<br /> |9<br /> |Semi-finalist<br /> |-<br /> |Inspired Dance Family [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|15x15px]]<br /> |Dance<br /> |Hair Aerial Act<br /> |[[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br /> |3<br /> |Eliminated<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot; |<br /> |'''Mahila Band [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|15x15px]]'''<br /> |'''Music'''<br /> |'''Music Band'''<br /> |'''[[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]]'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''Finalist'''<br /> |-<br /> |N House Crew [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|15x15px]]<br /> |Dance<br /> |Acro Dance Act<br /> |[[Chandigarh]]<br /> |7<br /> |Eliminated<br /> |- style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |<br /> |'''Raaga Fusion [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|15x15px]] [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Music'''<br /> |'''Music Band'''<br /> |'''[[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''Runner-up'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot; |<br /> |'''The ART [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|15x15px]] [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Dance'''<br /> |'''Free-style Dance Trio'''<br /> |'''Various'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''Finalist'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tholpavakhoothu Kala Kendram<br /> |Variety<br /> |Shadow Art<br /> |[[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]]<br /> |2<br /> |Eliminated<br /> |-<br /> |UNB<br /> |Singing<br /> |Rapper<br /> |[[Sikkim]], [[Gangtok]]<br /> |7<br /> |Eliminated<br /> |-<br /> |Vivek Singhi<br /> |Magic<br /> |Close-up Magician and Mentalist<br /> |[[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]<br /> |5<br /> |Eliminated<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot; |<br /> |'''Zero Degree Crew [[File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg|15x15px]] [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Dance'''<br /> |'''Free-style Dance Group'''<br /> |'''[[Kalyan]], [[Maharashtra]]'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''Finalist'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> #{{note|1}}Assuming quarter-finals given that makers did not mention anything specific.<br /> <br /> === World Premiere (19-20 August) ===<br /> [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_button_cancel.svg|20x20px]] Buzzed '''|''' [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|20x20px]] Appreciation Golden Buzzer<br /> <br /> Guest Performer- [[Javed Ali]]<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Top 14 <br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> !Golden Girls<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |-<br /> !Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Mahila Band<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Zero Degree Crew<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !UNB<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Vivek Singhi<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !The A.R.T.<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Tholpavakoothu Kala Kendram<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !N House Crew<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Raaga Fusion<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Farhan Sabir Live<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Anushka Chatterjee<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Awaara Crew<br /> |'''13'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !Inspired Dance Family<br /> |'''14'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Quarter-finals Summary ===<br /> : [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_button_cancel.svg|20x20px]] &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:93%&quot;&gt;Buzzed out&lt;/span&gt; |<br /> : {{legend2|NavajoWhite|Won Judges' Choice|border=1px solid #aaa}} |<br /> : {{legend2|#c96|Lost Judges' Choice|border=1px solid #aaa}} |<br /> : {{legend2|white|Advanced|border=1px solid #aaa}} to the next quarter-final |<br /> : [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|20x20px]] Appreciation Golden Buzzer<br /> The results for each quarter-final was announced in the next quarter-final after all the performances of the week. To avoid confusion, the judges' choices and elimination data is listed in the tables according to the day, the results were announced.<br /> <br /> ====Quarter-final 1 (26-27 August)====<br /> After each performance, the respective quarter-finalists appealed for their votes.<br /> <br /> * Special Guests- [[Gurdas Maan]], [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] and [[Ananya Panday]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-08-25 |title=Shilpa Shetty reveals on India's Got Talent she listens to Gurdas Maan's songs while working out: 'Have become half Punjabi myself' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shilpa-shetty-reveals-on-indias-got-talent-she-listens-to-gurdas-maans-songs-while-working-out-have-become-half-punjabi-myself/articleshow/103051402.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-08-26 |title=Ayushmann Khurrana remembers his initial days of hosting India's Got Talent, Kirron Kher reminds, &quot;I was the one who used to ask you to sing on the stage, yaad hai ki nahi?&quot; |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ayushmann-khurrana-remembers-his-initial-days-of-hosting-indias-got-talent-kirron-kher-reminds-i-was-the-one-who-used-to-ask-you-to-sing-on-the-stage-yaad-hai-ki-nahi/articleshow/103090675.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=India's Got Talent 10: Shilpa Shetty, Ayushmann Khurrana groove to Dil Ka Telephone; Watch who joined them |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/indias-got-talent-10-shilpa-shetty-ayushmann-khurrana-groove-to-dil-ka-telephone-watch-who-joined-them-1237477 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Result<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''N House Crew'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;14&quot; |Announced in upcoming week<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Inspired Dance Family'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''UNB'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Awaara Crew'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Vivek Singhi'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Tholpavakhoothu Kala Kendram'''<br /> |'''13'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''14'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Quarter-final 2 (2-3 September)====<br /> <br /> * Special Guests- [[Raftaar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-09-01 |title=India's Got Talent: Badshah calls Raftaar India's 'most skilled rapper' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indias-got-talent-badshah-calls-raftaar-indias-most-skilled-rapper/articleshow/103287259.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Guest Performers- [[Jasleen Royal]] (&quot;Heeriye&quot;), [[Anup Jalota]] (&quot;Aisi Laagi Lagan&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India's Got Talent Fame Jasleen Royal Gets Candid About Her Remarkable Journey In Music Industry! Says 'Life Comes Full Circle' {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/music/music-news/india-s-got-talent-fame-jasleen-royal-gets-candid-about-her-remarkable-journey-in-music-industry-says-life-comes-full-circle/650e8c452e0d8c77c5051ef6 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;sortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Result (Q.F. 1)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Awaara Crew'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''UNB'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Inspired Dance Family'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Vivek Singhi'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''N House Crew'''<br /> |'''13'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Tholpavakhoothu Kala Kendram<br /> |14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (Lost Judges' Choice)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Quarter-final 3 (9-10 September)====<br /> <br /> * Guest Judge- [[Farah Khan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='India's Got Talent 10': Farah Khan And Badshah Groove On 'Chaiyya Chaiyya' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-india-s-got-talent-10-farah-khan-and-badshah-groove-on-chaiyya-chaiyya--news-316738}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Guest Performer- Srushti Tawade<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;sortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Result (Q.F. 2)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Farah<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Awaara Crew'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''UNB'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Inspired Dance Family<br /> |6<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (Lost Judges' Choice)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Vivek Singhi'''<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''N House Crew'''<br /> |'''13'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Quarter-final 4 (16-17 September)====<br /> The twelve participants were a part of one of the judges' team. All the judges except the one whose team the participant is in gave scores out of ten. The participants in the team which gained the lowest scores were in the bottom four for elimination.<br /> <br /> No elimination took place this week, the votes and scores were carried forward to the next week.<br /> <br /> * Special Guests: [[Vicky Kaushal]], [[Manushi Chhillar]] and [[Kusha Kapila]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-14 |title=India's Got Talent 10: What made Vicky Kaushal say, 'Meine apne zindagi mein aisa kuch nahi dekha'? WATCH |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/indias-got-talent-10-what-made-vicky-kaushal-say-meine-apne-zindagi-mein-ayesa-kuch-nahi-dekha-watch-1243124 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-14 |title=India's Got Talent 10: Chatting with Vicky Kaushal to posing with Kusha Kapila; Arjun Bijlani drops BTS video |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/indias-got-talent-10-chatting-with-vicky-kaushal-to-posing-with-kusha-kapila-arjun-bijlani-drops-bts-video-1243270 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Team<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Scores (20)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''Shilpa Shetty'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''Badshah'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''N House Crew'''<br /> |'''Shilpa Shetty'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''UNB'''<br /> |'''Kirron Kher'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''Shilpa Shetty'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |'''Badshah'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''Kirron Kher'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''Kirron Kher'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''Kirron Kher'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''Badshah'''<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Awaara Crew'''<br /> |'''Badshah'''<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Vivek Singhi'''<br /> |'''Shilpa Shetty'''<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |'''19'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Quarter-final 5 (23-24 September)====<br /> There were only two judges this week, owing to Shilpa Shetty's absence from the shooting.<br /> <br /> * Special Guests: [[Chunky Panday|Chunky Pandey]], [[Rahul Roy]], [[Ayesha Jhulka]] and [[Deepak Tijori]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=India's Got Talent 10: Chunky Panday reveals his journey from doctor's child to Bollywood actor |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/indias-got-talent-10-chunky-panday-reveals-his-journey-from-doctors-child-to-bollywood-actor-1245443 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-09-22 |title=On India's Got Talent, the Mahila Band reminds actor Ayesha Jhulka of her military roots |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/on-indias-got-talent-the-mahila-band-reminds-actor-ayesha-jhulka-of-her-military-roots/articleshow/103873501.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;sortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Result (Q.F. 3+4)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''N House Crew'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''UNB'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Vivek Singhi<br /> |5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (Lost Judges' Choice)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Awaara Crew'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Quarter-final 6 (1 October)====<br /> <br /> * Special Guests: [[Neha Kakkar]], [[Kumar Sanu]] and [[Vishal Dadlani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-09-28 |title=Neha Kakkar's revelation: 'India's Got Talent 10' contestant redefines 'Dhating Naach' with their performance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/neha-kakkars-revelation-indias-got-talent-10-contestant-redefines-dhating-naach-with-their-performance/articleshow/104018521.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-09-29 |title='IGT 10': Kumar Sanu performs his iconic songs 'Do Dil Mil Rahe Hain', 'Aankhon Ki Gustakhiyan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/igt-10-kumar-sanu-performs-his-iconic-songs-do-dil-mil-rahe-hain-aankhon-ki-gustakhiyan/articleshow/104047529.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-09-28 |title=India's Got Talent: Impressed by contestant Farhan Sabir, special guest Vishal Dadlani says, 'I'm extending an official invitation for you to come on Indian Idol' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indias-got-talent-impressed-by-contestant-farhan-sabir-special-guest-vishal-dadlani-says-im-extending-an-official-invitation-for-you-to-come-on-indian-idol/articleshow/104018546.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;sortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Result (Q.F. 5)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''N House Crew'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Awaara Crew<br /> |10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (Lost Judges' Choice)<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''UNB'''<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Quarter-final 7 (6-7 October) ====<br /> In this quarter-final, each judge had two golden buzzers, which will advance a participant to the next quarter-final directly. The remaining four acts would be in the bottom four and two of them would be eliminated based on the public votes only.<br /> <br /> * Special Guests: [[Thank You for Coming]] and [[Yaariyan 2]] star-cast&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-02 |title=#ZoomIn: Shilpa Shetty At IGT Sets, Sherlyn Chopra, Meezan, Other Celebs SPOTTED In Mumbai |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/photos/entertainment/celebs/bollywood/zoomin-shilpa-shetty-at-indias-got-talent-sets-sherlyn-chopra-meezan-other-celebs-spotted-in-mumbai-photo-gallery-104101428 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-08 |title=India's Got Talent 10: Thank You For Coming star Bhumi Pednekar opens up about her phobia of roller coasters |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/indias-got-talent-10-thank-you-for-coming-star-bhumi-pednekar-opens-up-about-her-phobia-of-roller-coasters-1249297 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;sortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Result (Q.F. 6)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Golden Buzzer Advancement'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Golden Buzzer Advancement'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Golden Buzzer Advancement'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Golden Buzzer Advancement'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |UNB<br /> |5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (No Judges' Vote – Lost on Public Vote)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Golden Buzzer Advancement'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (No Judges' Vote – Won on Public Vote)'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (No Judges' Vote – Won on Public Vote)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''9'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Golden Buzzer Advancement'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |N House Crew<br /> |10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (No Judges' Vote – Lost on Public Vote)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Quarter-final 8 (14-15 October) ====<br /> No elimination took place this week, the votes were carried forward to the next week.<br /> <br /> * Special Guests: [[Ravi Teja]], [[Gayatri Bhardwaj]], Nupur Sanon and [[Ramdev]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ravi Teja, Gayatri Bhardwaj and Nupur Sanon promote their movie {{!}} Etimes - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/etimes/bollywood/ravi-teja-gayatri-bhardwaj-and-nupur-sanon-promote-their-movie/videoshow/104293343.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-10-14 |title=India's Got Talent: Swami Ramdev performs Mallkhamb stunts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indias-got-talent-swami-ramdev-performs-mallkhamb-stunts/articleshow/104423501.cms |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Farhan Sabir Live'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Anushka Chatterjee'''<br /> |6<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Quarter-final 9 (21-22 October) ====<br /> There were only two judges this week, owing to Shilpa Shetty's absence from the shooting.<br /> <br /> * Special Guest: [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]<br /> * Guest Performers: [[Divyansh and Manuraj]] - winners of [[India's Got Talent season 9|season 9]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite Instagram |postid=CyqQCz-ovpg |user=fremantleindia |title=You guessed it right @divyanshandmanuraj, winner of @indiasgottalentofficial season 9 are back home |author=Fremantle India Television Production |date=21 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Quarter-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;sortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Result (Q.F. 7+8)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Badshah<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Farhan Sabir Live<br /> |4<br /> |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Anushka Chatterjee<br /> |7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (Lost Judges' Choice)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''8'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Semi-finals summary ===<br /> <br /> : [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_button_cancel.svg|20x20px]] &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:93%&quot;&gt;Buzzed out&lt;/span&gt; |<br /> : {{legend2|NavajoWhite|Won Judges' Choice|border=1px solid #aaa}} |<br /> : {{legend2|#c96|Lost Judges' Choice|border=1px solid #aaa}} |<br /> : {{legend2|white|Advanced|border=1px solid #aaa}} to the finale |<br /> : [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|20x20px]] Appreciation Golden Buzzer<br /> <br /> There were only two judges in semi-finals, owing to Badshah's absence from the shooting.<br /> <br /> ====Semi-final 1 (28 October)====<br /> <br /> * Special Guests: [[Radhika Madan]], [[Nimrat Kaur]], [[Bhagyashree]] and [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Semi-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;sortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |Result (Q.F. 9)<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#c96;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Farhan Sabir Live<br /> |2<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |Eliminated (Lost Judges' Choice)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''7'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |- style=&quot;background:NavajoWhite;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |'''Advanced (Won Judges' Choice)'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Semi-final 2 (29 October) ====<br /> No elimination took place in this episode. After each performance, participants requested to vote for the finale, given that this was the last voting of the season.<br /> <br /> * Special Guests: [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 11)]] cast - [[Rithvik Dhanjani]], [[Gauahar Khan]], [[Sangeeta Phogat]], Adrija Sinha, [[Tanishaa Mukerji]] and Rajiv Thakur<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Semi-finalist<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Order<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:24em;&quot; |Buzzes<br /> |-<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Kirron<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:8em;&quot; |Shilpa<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Mahila Band'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''The A.R.T.'''<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |'''[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_bookmark.png|16x16px]]'''<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Grand Finale (4–5 November) ===<br /> The top 4 finalist among the six participants were announced based on the anonymous judges' scores given in final and the winner and runners-up were announced based solely on the public votes.<br /> <br /> {{legend2|gold|Winner|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|silver|Runner-up|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|#c96|3rd place|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|NavajoWhite|4th place|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br /> <br /> * Special Guest: [[Karan Johar]]<br /> * Guest Performers: Ishita Vishwakarma, Rishabh Chaturvedi and Warrior Squad – runners-up and finalists of season 9<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Finalist<br /> !Order<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10em;&quot; |Result (5 November)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=India's Got Talent 10 Winner: Abujhmad Mallakhamb Group Wins Prize Money Of Rs 20 Lakh, Trophy |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/indias-got-talent-10-winner-abujhmad-mallakhamb-group-wins-prize-money-of-rs-20-lakh-trophy-article-104999636 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |{{nowrap|'''Abujmarh Mallakhamb Academy'''}}<br /> |'''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot; |'''1st'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Raaga Fusion'''<br /> |'''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot; |'''2nd'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Golden Girls'''<br /> |'''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#c96&quot; |'''3rd'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |'''Zero Degree Crew'''<br /> |'''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;Navajowhite&quot; |'''4th'''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mahila Band<br /> |5<br /> |Eliminated (Top 6)<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |The A.R.T.<br /> |6<br /> |Eliminated (Top 6)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Ratings ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:99%;&quot;<br /> !Ep. No.<br /> !Title<br /> !Event<br /> !Air date<br /> !TVR<br /> !SET India Weekly Rank<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |'Vijayi Vishwa Hunar'<br /> |Auditions 1<br /> |29 July 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |'Unleashing India's Hidden Gems'<br /> |Auditions 2<br /> |30 July 2023<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |'Hunar Ki Talaash'<br /> |Auditions 3<br /> |5 August 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |'Break The Record'<br /> |Auditions 4<br /> |6 August 2023<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |'Hauslo Ki Chhalang'<br /> |Auditions 5<br /> |12 August 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |'Auditions Ka Akhri Daur'<br /> |Auditions 6<br /> |13 August 2023<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |'Talent Ka World Premiere'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Grand Premiere<br /> |19 August 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |'Hunar Ka Naya Rang'<br /> |20 August 2023<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |'Indian Talent Ka World Class Show'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 1<br /> |26 August 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |'Desh Ki Mitti Se Jude Hunarbaaz'<br /> |27 August 2023<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |'Hunar Ka Jalwa'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 2<br /> |2 September 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |3<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |'Janmashtami Special'<br /> |3 September 2023<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |'Hunar Ka Alag Andaaz'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 3<br /> |9 September 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |0.9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |'Indian Railway Special'<br /> |10 September 2023<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |'Ganesh Chaturthi Special'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 4<br /> |16 September<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.0<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> |'Judge's Challenge'<br /> |17 September<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> |'Rishton Ka Reunion'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 5<br /> |23 September<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.0<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |'Bemisaal Reunion'<br /> |24 September<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> |'Party Special - Part 1'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 6<br /> |1 October<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |0.8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |3<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> |'Party Special - Part 2'<br /> |1 October<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> |'Golden Buzzer Special - Part 1'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 7<br /> |7 October<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |0.9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |3<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> |'Golden Buzzer Special - Part 2'<br /> |8 October<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |'Mass Mania Special'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 8<br /> |14 October<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |0.9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> |'Navaratri Special'<br /> |15 October<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> |'Talent Aur Entertainment Ka Dum'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Quarter-final 9<br /> |21 October<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1.0<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> |'Entertainment Ki Udaan'<br /> |22 October<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |'India's Got Talent ka Semi-Finals'<br /> |Semi-final 1<br /> |28 October<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |0.6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> |'Welcome Jhalak Dikhhla Ja'<br /> |Semi-final 2<br /> |29 October<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> |'Hunar Ka Vishwa Cup - Grand Finale - Part 1'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Grand Finale<br /> |4 November<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |0.6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> |'Hunar Ka Vishwa Cup - Grand Finale - Part 2'<br /> |5 November<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/indias-got-talent-1700001266 ''India's Got Talent''] on [[SonyLIV]]<br /> <br /> {{India's Got Talent}}<br /> [[Category:Got Talent]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian television seasons]]<br /> [[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]</div>

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