Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Hello Bachhon

2026-05-06T01:34:35Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating new entry

{{short description|2026 Indian television series}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

{{Infobox television
| image = Hello Bachhon.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = {{hlist|Biographical|Drama}}
| creator = Abhishek Yadav
| writer = {{ubl|Abhishek Yadav|Vernaali|Ankit Yadav|Sandeep Singh Rawat}}
| director = Pratish Mehta
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Viineet Kumar Singh]]
*[[Vikram Kochhar]]
*[[Girija Oak]]
}}
| music = Anand Bajpai
| producer =
| cinematography = Amogh Deshpande
| editor = Akash Bundhoo
| runtime = 32–45 minutes
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| company = [[The Viral Fever]]
| executive_producer = Vijay Koshy Shreyansh Pandey
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 5
| network = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Start date|2026|03|06}}
}}

'''''Hello Bachhon''''' is a 2026 Indian [[Hindi]]-language biographical drama series created by [[The Viral Fever]] (TVF) for [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hello Bachhon Review: The Physics Wallah Biopic Featuring Viineet Kumar Siingh Offers More Lessons, Lacks Ambition: Release Date, Trailer, Songs, Cast |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/hello-bachhon-review-physics-wallah-alakh-pandey-review-153769102 |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref> Directed by Pratish Mehta, the series stars [[Viineet Kumar Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toleti |first=Siddartha |date=2026-03-06 |title=Hello Bachhon Review: 4-Hour-Long PR Effort Fails to Land |url=https://www.m9.news/ott-review/hello-bachhon-web-series-review/ |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref> The narrative tracks Pandey's journey from a struggling teacher in [[Prayagraj]] to building a digital education empire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hello Bachhon Review: Alakh Pandey is a true friend, philosopher, and guide |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/hello-bachhon-review-alakh-pandey-vineet-kumar-singh-physicswallah-netflix/5075a3b6f6451 |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=2026-03-06 |title=Hello Bachhon review: TVF's show is less inspiration, more glorified ad campaign |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/hello-bachhon-review-viineet-kumar-siingh-tvf-show-is-less-inspiration-more-glorified-ad-campaign-2878329-2026-03-06 |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The series follows the life of Alakh Pandey, a charismatic physics teacher who rejects traditional coaching institute models to provide affordable education through [[YouTube]]. It explores his early financial struggles, his unique teaching style aimed at "backbenchers," and the eventual scaling of Physics Wallah into a major ed-tech platform.

== Cast and characters ==

* [[Viineet Kumar Singh]] as [[Alakh Pandey]]
* [[Vikram Kochhar]] as Prateek Maheshwari
* [[Girija Oak]] as Alakh's Sister
* Anumeha Jain as Shivangi
* Chitransh Raj as Sanyam
* Pankaj Kashyap as Krishna Sir
* Mudit Dwivedi as Alankrit
* Prashant Sethi as Abhishek
* Satendra Soni as Bhola

== Reception ==
Viineet Kumar Singh's performance was a highlight for most critics.

=== Critical response ===
Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Archika Khurana rated the series 3 out of 5 stars, noting that while the show captures the "emotional core" of Pandey's struggle, it occasionally feels like a "glorified success story."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/hello-bachhon/season-1/seasonreview/128941547.cms |title=Hello Bachhon Season 1 Review: A heartfelt yet familiar take on Alakh Pandey’s inspiring journey |last=Khurana |first=Archika |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |first5= |access-date=2026-03-12 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> [[ABP News|ABPLive]] compared the show to Kota Factory, noting that Singh shines even when the script feels familiar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Amit |date=2026-03-06 |title=Hello Bachhon Review {{!}} Vineet Kumar Singh Shines In Netflix Series That Feels Like ‘Kota Factory’ |url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/hello-bachhon-review-vineet-kumar-singh-shines-in-netflix-series-that-feels-like-kota-factory-1830082 |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>

However, the writing and pacing faced criticism for being predictable. [[The Indian Express]] remarked that while Singh "lifts the series," the storytelling remains largely formulaic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-06 |title=Hello Bachchon review: Vineet Kumar Singh lifts a predictable series |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/hello-bachchon-review-vineet-kumar-singh-lifts-a-predictable-series-10568041/ |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[The Hindu]] provided a lukewarm review, suggesting that Singh's performance "gets diffused in TVF's factory-made snoozefest," citing a sense of fatigue with the "underdog teacher" trope.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pande |first=Shreyas |date=2026-03-06 |title=‘Hello Bachhon’ series review: Viineet Kumar Siingh’s earnesty gets diffused in TVF’s factory-made snoozefest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hello-bachhon-series-review-viineet-kumar-siinghs-earnesty-gets-diffused-in-tvfs-factory-made-snoozefest/article70711007.ece |access-date=2026-03-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Cinema Express]] echoed this, calling it a "generic success story" that expects the audience to do the emotional "homework" the script neglects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2026-03-06 |title=Hello Bachhon Series Review: A generic success story that expects homework from its audience |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/review/2026/Mar/06/hello-bachhon-series-review-a-generic-success-story-that-expects-homework-from-its-audience |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

The intent of the show was a major point of contention. [[India Today]] and [[Scroll.in]] both characterized the series as a "glorified ad campaign" or a "brand-building exercise" for Physics Wallah rather than a nuanced biography.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |date=2026-03-06 |title=‘Hello Bachhon’ review: A brand-building exercise for edutech company Physics Wallah |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1091188/hello-bachhon-review-a-brand-building-exercise-for-edutech-company-physics-wallah |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> The [[The Hollywood Reporter|Hollywood Reporter India]] criticized the lack of objectivity, suggesting the series avoids the darker complexities of the edtech boom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Hello Bachhon’ Series Review: Hey Teacher, Leave Them Kids Alone |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/hello-bacchon-series-review-hey-teacher-leave-them-kids-alone |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref>

Conversely, some critics found the emotional core effective. [[Network18 Group|Moneycontrol]] described it as a "simple and moving story" that successfully captures the rise of an underdog.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hello Bachhon Review: A simple and moving story behind the rise of Physics Wallah |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/ott/hello-bachhon-review-a-simple-and-moving-story-behind-the-rise-of-physics-wallah-article-13853039.html |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref> [[Firstpost]] argued that the drama is "much more than just a plug" for the company, praising the depiction of the teacher-student bond.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deb Roy |first=Lachmi |title=Netflix & TVF's ‘Hello Bachhon’ Review: Viineet Kumar Singh’s education drama is much more than just a plug for Alakh Pandey’s ‘Physics Wallah’! |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-hello-bachhon-review-viineet-kumar-singhs-education-drama-is-much-more-than-just-a-plug-for-alakh-pandeys-physics-wallah-13986837.html |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=39657434}}
* ''[https://www.netflix.com/in/title/82180640 Hello Bachhon]'' on [[Netflix]]

[[Category:2026 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Netflix original programming]]

Yelahanka Ward

2026-05-03T18:57:45Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating first post w/ refs!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yelahanka Ward
| official_name = Kempegowda Ward
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Kannada
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Ward
| image_skyline = Bangalore Bengaluru BBMP Ward No 1 - Yelahanka Map (2009-2021).pdf
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Yelahanka Ward Map 2009-2022 (2009 delimitation)
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.100875|N|77.594743|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru]]

|subdivision_type3 = [[Lok Sabha|Parliamentary]] constituency
|subdivision_name3 = [[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly]] constituency
|subdivision_name4 = [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Yelahanka]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Councillor|Corporator]]
| subdivision_name5 =
| subdivision_type6 = [[List of political parties in India|Party]]
| subdivision_name6 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| government_type = Ward
| governing_body = [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|BBMP]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 2009
| founder =
| named_for = [[Kempegowda]]
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 14.51
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 42913
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
}}

'''Yelahanka Ward''' (Ward No. 1), officially known as '''Kempegowda Ward''' is one of the 225 Wards<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2023 |title=Name-change odyssey: Bengaluru gears up for elections |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/name-change-odyssey-bengaluru-gears-up-for-elections/articleshow/103969472.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.vigeyegpms.in/bbmp/?module=public&action=wards |title= BBMP Wards| publisher= vigeyegpms.in|access-date = 23 March 2020}}</ref> (an administrative region) of [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]],<ref>{{cite news|title=BMP expansion Map |date=2006-11-06 |url=http://www.bmponline.org/images/GB%20Prelim%20Notif%20Map.jpg|access-date=2007-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020080245/http://www.bmponline.org/images/GB%20Prelim%20Notif%20Map.jpg |archive-date=2007-10-20 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> an administrative body responsible for civic amenities and some infrastructural assets of the [[Greater Bangalore]] metropolitan area in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://bbmp.gov.in/historyofbbmp.html | title = History of BBMP | publisher = bbmp.gov.in | access-date = 23 March 2020 | archive-date = 2 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201102002519/https://bbmp.gov.in/historyofbbmp.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=About BBMP |date=2006-11-06 |url=http://bbmp.gov.in/about-us|access-date=2007-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108043038/http://bbmp.gov.in/about-us |archive-date=2017-01-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=History|date=2006-11-06 |url=http://www.onlinebangalore.com/gove/history-bbmp.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101042548/http://www.onlinebangalore.com/gove/history-bbmp.html |archive-date=2017-01-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://bangalorean.com/bbmp/ |title= History Of BBMP| publisher= bangalorean.com|access-date = 23 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censuskarnataka.gov.in/BBMP-KNOW%20YOUR%20WARD.pdf |title= KNOW YOUR WARD| publisher= bangalorean.com|access-date = 23 March 2020}}</ref>

==History==
{{Multiple image
| align=left
| direction=vertical
| image1=Bangalore Bengaluru BBMP Ward No 1 - Yelahanka Map (2020).pdf
| caption1=Detailed Ward Map of Yelahanka as per 2020 delimitation
| image2=Bangalore Bengaluru BBMP Ward No 1 - Yelahanka Map (2020).png
| caption2=Preview of Yelahanka Ward as per 2020 delimitation
}}
The history of municipal governance of Bangalore dates back to 27 March 1862, when nine leading citizens of the old city formed a Municipal Board under the Improvement of Towns Act of 1850 with a similar Municipal Board was also formed in the newer [[Cantonment]] area.<ref name=":1">Ashwini Roy, AS (2015) ''Urban governance in Karnataka'' (Thesis) [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/38495/6/chapter%202.pdf Chapter 2: Evolution of the Bangalore Municipal Corporation]. University of Mysore.</ref> The two boards were legalised in 1881, and functioned as two independent bodies called the Bangalore City Municipality and the Bangalore Civil and Military Station Municipality (Cantonment). The following year, half of the municipal councillors were permitted to be elected, [[property tax]] was introduced and greater powers given over police and local improvement.

In 1913 an honorary president was introduced, and seven years later made an elected position. An appointed Municipal Commissioner was introduced in 1926 on the Cantonment board as the executive authority.

After [[Indian Independence Movement|Indian independence]], the two Municipal Boards were merged to form the Corporation of the City of Bangalore in 1949, under the Bangalore City Corporation Act. The corporation then consisted of 70 elected representatives and 50 electoral divisions and the office of Mayor introduced for the first time. The first elections were held in 1950.<ref>http://218.248.45.172:81/web/guest/about-us;jsessionid=9A469D4416E82C08B0D9929612A48120{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} History on Bangalore and BBMP Draft</ref><ref>https://www.onlinebangalore.com/gove/history-bbmp.html History</ref><ref>https://ijesc.org/upload/1e7b316ea21a50911682ed2d7134fa52.A%20Study%20on%20Implementation%20of%20Good%20Corporate%20Governance%20by%20Bbmp%20(Bruhath%20Bengaluru%20Mahanagara%20Palike).pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026094918/https://ijesc.org/upload/1e7b316ea21a50911682ed2d7134fa52.A%20Study%20on%20Implementation%20of%20Good%20Corporate%20Governance%20by%20Bbmp%20(Bruhath%20Bengaluru%20Mahanagara%20Palike).pdf |date=26 October 2021 }} A Study on Implementation of Good Corporate Governance by BBMP (Bruhath Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike)</ref>

In 1989, the BMP expanded to include 87 wards and further increased to 100 wards in 1995, covering an extra area of 75 km2. The council also included 40 additional members drawn from the parliament and the state legislature.<ref>https://data.opencity.in/Documents/DocumentCloud/bbmp-restructuring-fullreport.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120858/http://data.opencity.in/Documents/DocumentCloud/bbmp-restructuring-fullreport.pdf |date=24 December 2020 }} BBMP restructuring full report</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Functioning of Wards Committees in Bangalore: A Case Study|url=https://civicspace.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Study-of-the-Functioning-of-Ward-Committees-in-Bangalore-2003-1-f-1.pdf|access-date=11 May 2020|publisher=Citizens’ Voluntary Initiative for the City of Bangalore}}</ref><ref>Enter equity – demands from revenue pockets ‘development’ https://bengaluru.citizenmatters.in/702-bbmp-layouts-702</ref>

[[Yelahanka]] was the capital of [[Kempegowda]], founder of Bangalore. In the 1980s this locality was developed as a Municipal council with 32 Wards and was also the Taluk headquarters prior to the formation of [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|BBMP]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://bangalorean.com/blr-constituency/bengaluru-bangalore-yelahanka/#History |title= Namma Yelahanka| publisher= bangalorean.com|access-date = 23 March 2020}}</ref> [[Bangalore Mahanagara Palike]] (BMP), was the administering body of Bangalore till 2006. On 6 November 2006, the BMP Council was dissolved by the State Government upon the completion of its five-year term. In January 2007, the Karnataka Government issued a notification to merge the areas under then [[Bangalore Mahanagara Palike]] with seven City municipal council (CMC)'s ([[Rajarajeshwari City Municipal Council]], [[Dasarahalli City Municipal Council]], [[Bommanahalli City Municipal Council]], [[Krishnarajapuram City Municipal Council]], [[Mahadevapura City Municipal Council]], [[Byatarayanapura City Municipal Council]] and [[Yelahanka City Municipal Council]]), one Town municipal council (TMC) ([[Kengeri Town Municipal Council]]) and 110 villages around the city to form a single administrative body, [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]<ref>{{cite news|date=2007-10-20|title=constitute the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (Greater Bangalore Municipal Body)|url=https://www.electronic-city.in/about/bbmp-110-villages.php}}</ref> (111 villages mentioned in initial Notification. Later 2 villages omitted from the list and another village added before final Notification).<ref>{{cite news|date=2007-01-16|title=constitute the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (Greater Bangalore Municipal Body) - DRAFT|url=http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater_Notification1.PDF|url-status=usurped|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020081154/http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater_Notification1.PDF|archive-date=2007-10-20}}</ref> The process was completed by April 2007 and the body was renamed [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]] (Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation).<ref>{{cite news|date=2007-10-16|title=Notification at BMP website|url=http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater%20Bangalore%20Notification.shtml|url-status=usurped|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015124813/http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater%20Bangalore%20Notification.shtml|archive-date=2007-10-15}}</ref>

'''Yelahanka Ward has been renamed after [[Kempegowda]], founder of Bangalore city'''. Yelahanka was a part of the erstwhile [[Vijayanagara Empire]] and also the birthplace of King [[Kempegowda I]].<ref>{{cite news|title=History revisits in new ward names |date=2006-11-06 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2009/jul/20/history-revisits-in-new-ward-names-69186.html|access-date=2020-10-20}}</ref>

== Salient features (2009 delimitation) ==
Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=BBMPR_ward_master_BBMP+Restructuring|url=http://bbmp.gov.in/documents/10180/460906/BBMPR_ward_master_BBMP+Restructuring+03-08-2015.pdf/89caf820-58a7-4d73-a785-7082f250d7d7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224162612/http://bbmp.gov.in/documents/10180/460906/BBMPR_ward_master_BBMP+Restructuring+03-08-2015.pdf/89caf820-58a7-4d73-a785-7082f250d7d7|archive-date=24 December 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%"
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |
Ward No.
| 1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Ward Name
| Kempegowda
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Taluk
| Bangalore North (Additional)
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Hobli
| Yelahanka-1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Assembly Constituency
| [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Yelahanka]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lok Sabha Constituency
| [[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Reservation category
| Backward Category B
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Area (km2)
| 10.9
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Household (HH) - 2001
| 5010
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Household (HH) - 2011
| 8647
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Population (2001)
| 21866
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Male Population (2001)
| 11490
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Female Population (2001)
| 10376
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Population (2011)
| 34783
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn density (2001)
| 2006
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn density (2011)
| 3182
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn growth rate (%) 2001 - 2011
| 59.1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |HH growth rate (%) 2001 - 2011
| 72.6
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |BBMP Zone
| Yelahanka
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |BBMP Division
| Yelahanka
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |BBMP Sub-Division
| Yelahanka
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Road length (km)
| 86
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lakes #
| 2
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lake area (sq m)
| 1441486
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Parks #
| 3
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Park area (sq m)
| 5899.74
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Playgrounds #
| 0
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Playground area (sq m)
| 0
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Govt Schools #
| 4
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Police stations #
| 1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Fire stations #
| 0
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Bus stops #
| 35
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |BMTC TTMC #
| 0
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Street lights #
| 2379
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Police stn
| Yelahanka
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lake name
| Shivanahalli Lake, [[Yelahanka Lake]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Bus routes #
| 136
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Localities in the ward:
| Govindapura, Vasudevapura, Manchenahalli, [[Yelahanka Airport]], Sai spring field colony, Lake view residency, Venkatala, Venkatala Layout, Venkatappa Layout, Vikas layout, Sathyappa Anjanappa Kempamma Layout, Maruthi Nagar, Jayanna Layout, Bhadranna Layout, Shankaranna Layout, Kullappa Layout, Kendriya Vihar, [[Yelahanka|Yelahanka (P)]], Maheshwari Nagar, Gandhi Nagar, Nehru Nagar, Surabhi Layout, Mantri township, Shobha Ultima villas, [[Yelahanka Kere]], Shivanahalli, Sapthagiri Layout, Basaveshwara Nagar
|-
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 2px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 120%;" | {{Rotate text|-90|Boundary}}
! style="padding: 5px;" |North
| By northern boundary of Govindapura village & Yelahanka CMC ward boundary (BBMP limit)
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |East
| By western boundary of Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka CMC boundary (eastern boundary of [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|150-Yelhanka Assembly Constituency]])
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |South
| By Yelahanka CMC boundary
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |West
| By [[Guntakal–Bangalore section|Railway line (Yeshwantapur to Yelahanka junction)]], [[State Highway 9 (Karnataka)|Dodballapur road]], NES road, [[National Highway 44 (India)|Devanahalli road]] from Rly over bridge to dodballapur road Bazar road, Tank bund road Southern and western Boundary of [[Yelahanka Kere]], [[Yelahanka-Bangarpet line|Chikkaballapur Railway line]], Western boundary of Govindapura village.
|-
|}

== Salient features (2020 delimitation) ==
Sources:<ref>{{cite web|title=BBMP ward delimitation 2020|url=http://bbmpwards2019.com/wardPdfs/1.pdf|date=24 December 2020}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>http://bbmpwards2019.com/PDF/BBMP%20Final%20Delimitation-Gazte%20-%20Kannada.pdf {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>http://bbmpwards2019.com/PDF/BBMP%20Final%20Delimitation-Gazte%20-%20English.pdf {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%"
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |
Ward No.
| 1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Ward Name
| Kempegowda
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Assembly Constituency
| [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Yelahanka]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lok Sabha Constituency
| [[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Area (km2)
| 11.385
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Population (2011)
| 39368
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn density (2011)
| 3458
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Male Population (2011)
| 20580
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Female Population (2011)
| 18788
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |SC Population (2011)
| 3736
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |ST Population (2011)
| 1231
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Localities in the ward:
| [[Yelahanka Airport|BSF & Airport Area (P)]], Sai Spring Field Colony, Vinayaka Nagar (P), Satyappa Annayappa Kempamma Layout, Vikas
Layout, Venkatappa Layout, Venkatala, Venkatala Layout, Lake view Residency, [[Yelahanka Kere]], Maruthi Nagar, Bhadranna Layout, Shankarena Layout, Kulappa Layout, [[Yelahanka]], Maheshwari Nagar, Gandhi Nagar, Nehru Nagar, Jakkur Water Treatment Plant, Shivanahalli, Basaveshwara Nagar, Surabhi Layout, Vidyashilpa Academy, [[Rail Wheel Factory|Wheel and Axle plant]],
|-
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 2px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 120%;" | {{Rotate text|-90|Boundary}}
! style="padding: 5px;" |North
| By BBMP Boundary Limit
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |East
| By Existing Ward (2009 delimitation) & [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|150-Yelhanka Assembly Constituency]] Boundary, Compound wall, Yelahanka-Kannur Road (Kogilu Road), Existing Ward & AC Boundary, Cross Road, Storm Water Drain, [[Jakkur Lake|Jakkur Tank Northern & part of Western periphery]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |South
| By Existing Ward (2009 delimitation) & [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|150-Yelhanka Assembly Constituency]] Boundary, Apartment Compound Wall, Plantation boundary (Existing Ward & [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|150-Yelhanka Assembly Constituency]] Boundary)
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |West
| By [[Guntakal–Bangalore section|Railway line (Yeshwantapur to Yelahanka junction)]], [[State Highway 9 (Karnataka)|Dodballapur road]], [[National Highway 44 (India)|Ballari Road]], Jayaprakash Narayan Colony Road, [[Guntakal–Bangalore section|Railway line (Yeshwantapur to Yelahanka junction)]], Railway overbridge and joining towards Tank bund Road, Tank bund
Road, Yelahanka Lake South side Boundary, [[Yelahanka-Bangarpet line|Chikkaballapur Railway line]], Existing Ward Boundary (2009 delimitation)
|-
|}

== Salient features (2023 delimitation) ==
Sources:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explainer: Changes in the 225 BBMP wards between the proposed and final delimitations |url=https://opencity.in/explainer/explainer-changes-in-the-225-bbmp-wards-between-the-proposed-and-final-delimitations/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=OpenCity |date=5 October 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBMP Ward first list |url=http://bbmpdelimitation2023.com/PDF/Delimitation%20of%20225%20Wards%20in%20BBMP%20-Schedule.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228171012/http://bbmpdelimitation2023.com/PDF/Delimitation%20of%20225%20Wards%20in%20BBMP%20-Schedule.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=28 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=bbmpdelimitation2023.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBMP ward modified |url=http://bbmpdelimitation2023.com/PDF/Corrigendum%20Notification.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228171010/http://bbmpdelimitation2023.com/PDF/Corrigendum%20Notification.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=28 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=bbmpdelimitation2023.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBMP |url=http://bbmpdelimitation2023.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822030018/http://bbmpdelimitation2023.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=bbmpdelimitation2023.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%"
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |
Ward No.
| 1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Ward Name
| Kempegowda
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Assembly Constituency
| [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Yelahanka]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lok Sabha Constituency
| [[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Area (km2)
| 14.51
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Population (2011)
| 42913
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn density (2011)
| 2957
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Male Population (2011)
| 22239
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Female Population (2011)
| 20674
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |SC Population (2011)
| 4047
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |ST Population (2011)
| 1426
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" | *
! style="padding: 5px;" |Localities in the ward:
| KSSIDC Industrial Area, [[Rail Wheel Factory|Wheel and Axle plant]], Chowdeshwari Layout, Air Force Quarters, [[Yelahanka Satellite Town]] (Part), [[Yelahanka]] (Part), Kamakshiamma Layout
|-
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 2px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 120%;" | {{Rotate text|-90|Boundary}}
! style="padding: 5px;" |North
| By Storm Water Drain
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |East
| Railway Line (Yelahanka to Chikballapur line), Yelahanka Lake Limits (western), Tank bund Road (Existing Ward Boundary - 2009 delimitation), Main Road, (Existing Ward Boundary - 2009 delimitation), Majid Road, (Existing Ward Boundary - 2009 delimitation), Bazaar Road (Existing Ward Boundary - 2009 delimitation), Main Road, Cross Road, CMC Road, NES Main Road
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |South
| By Doddaballapura Road, Yelahanka New Town Main Road (Yeshwanthapura Road)
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |West
| Attur Road, 3rd Cross Road, Yelahanka 4th Phase Main (4th Main) Road, Shiva Mandir Road, 4th B Cross, KHB (6th Cross) Road, KHB Colony Road, Puttenahalli Main Road, Doddaballapura Road
|-
|}

== Demographics ==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bbmpwards2019.com/ |title=BBMP |access-date=16 May 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027094143/http://bbmpwards2019.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Population Overview of Yelahanka Ward
!Ward
!Population
!Census Year
!Delimitation Year
|-
|Yelahanka
|21866
|2001
|2009
|-
|Yelahanka
|34783
|2011
|2009
|-
|Yelahanka
|39368
|2011
|2020
|-
|Yelahanka
|42913
|2011
|2023
|}

==Elected representatives==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election Year!!Ward Name!!Name of Corporator!!Party Affililiation!!Reservation category
|-
|[[2010 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election|2010]]||Kempegowda||[[Y. N. Ashwath]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.vigeyegpms.in/bbmp/?module=public&action=wardinfo&wardid=195 |title= Kempegowda Ward (Ward No:1)| publisher= vigeyegpms.in|access-date = 23 March 2020}}</ref>||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||Backward Category B
|-
|[[2015 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election|2015]]||Kempegowda||[[Chandramma Kempegowda]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://bengaluru.citizenmatters.in/bbmp-corporators-and-their-contact-numbers-2015-7710 |title= BBMP corporators and their contact numbers – 2015|date= 15 September 2015| publisher= citizenmatters.in|access-date = 23 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://karsec.gov.in/PreElectionHandler.ashx?id=65&Key=R |title= BBMP corporators – 2015| publisher= karsec.gov.in|access-date = 23 March 2020}}</ref>||[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||Backward Category A (Women)
|-
|2024|| || || ||
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of wards in Bangalore (2009-2023)]]
* [[List of wards in Bangalore]]
* [[2010 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election]]
* [[2015 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://vigeyegpms.in/]
* [https://bbmp.gov.in/]

{{Bangalore}}

[[Category:Municipal wards of Bengaluru]]

MGR Chennai Central–Ekta Nagar Superfast Express

2026-05-03T16:35:27Z

Tanwarpal Singh: New First Stub V1

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = FF0080
| name = MGR Chennai Central–Ekta Nagar Superfast Express
| image = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2021|01|17}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Chennai Central||MGR Chennai Central}} (MAS)
| stops = 14
| end = {{stnlnk|Ekta Nagar}} (EKNR)
| distance = {{convert|1701|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 29 hrs 30 mins
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 20919 / 20920
| speed = {{convert|58|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 20919 / 20920 '''MGR Chennai Central–Ekta Nagar Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] train belonging to [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Chennai Central||MGR Chennai Central}} and {{stnlnk|Ekta Nagar}} in India. It is currently being operated with 20919/20920 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennaiites-to-get-direct-train-to-statue-of-unity-location-kevadiya/articleshow/80290013.cms| title=Chennaiites to get direct train to Statue of Unity location Kevadiya| website=Times of India| date=15 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/jan/18/pm-flags-off-direct-train-from-chennai-to-kevadiya-town-2251466.html| title=PM flags off direct train from Chennai to Kevadiya town| website=The Indian Express| date=18 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pm-to-flag-off-8-trains-today-to-boost-connectivity-to-statue-of-unity-121011700077_1.html| title=PM to flag off 8 trains today to boost connectivity to Statue of Unity| website=Business Standard}}</ref>

==Coach composition==

The train has LHB rakes with a maximum speed of 110 km/h. The train consists of 18 coaches:

* 1 AC II Tier
* 4 AC III Tier
* 7 Sleeper coaches
* 4 General Unreserved
* 2 EOG cum Luggage Rake

==Service==

20919/Chennai Central – Ekta Nagar Superfast Express has an average speed of 60 km/h and covers 1701 km in 28 hrs 20 mins.

20920/Ekta Nagar – Chennai Central Superfast Express has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 1701 km in 30 hrs 45 mins.

== Route & halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* '''{{stnlnk|MGR Chennai Central}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Arakkonam Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Renigunta Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kadapa}}
* {{stnlnk|Guntakal Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Raichur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Solapur}}
* {{stnlnk|Pune Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Vasai Road}}
* {{stnlnk|Vapi}}
* {{stnlnk|Valsad}}
* {{stnlnk|Surat}}
* {{stnlnk|Vadodara}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Ekta Nagar}}'''

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Tuglakabad|Tughlakabad Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] (HOG)-equipped locomotive from end to end.

== See also ==

* [[Ekta Nagar railway station]]
* [[Chennai Central railway station]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== External links ==

*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/160884 20919/Chennai Central - Ekta Nagar Superfast Express] India Rail Info
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/160885 20920/Ekta Nagar - Chennai Central Superfast Express] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Western Railway}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai Central-Ekta Nagar Superfast Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Transport in Vadodara]]
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2021]]
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Begusarai Assembly constituency

2026-04-29T17:38:37Z

Tanwarpal Singh:

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Begusarai
| type = SLA
| map_image = 146-Begusarai constituency.svg
| mla = [[Kundan Kumar]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Begusarai District|Begusarai]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai Lok Sabha]]
| constituency_no = 146
| established = 1951
| electors = 342,217
| reservation = None
| abolished = 
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}

'''Begusarai Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Begusarai district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. In [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Begusarai was one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines.<ref name="election2010">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Bihar-polls-begin-on-high-note-voting-higher-than-in-2010/articleshow/49328864.cms|title=Bihar polls begin on high note, voting higher than in 2010}}</ref><ref name="election2043">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/36-seats-in-bihar-to-have-electronic-voting-machines-with-paper-trail-facility-1204308|title=36 Seats in Bihar to Have Electronic Voting Machines With Paper Trail Facility}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/poll-bound-bihar-to-get-36-evms-with-paper-trail-facility/|title=Poll-bound Bihar to get 36 EVMs with paper trail facility}}</ref>

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 146 Begusarai Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Begusarai]] municipality; Birpur [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]]; Babhangama, Maida Babhangama, Sahuri, Neenga and Bathauli [[gram panchayat]]s of Barauni CD Block; Mohanpur, Chandpura, Bandwar, Suja, Sankh, Lakho, Hebatpur, Parna,
Kusmaut, Kaith, Jinedpur, Neema, Panhas, Ajhaur, Khamhar and Rajaura gram panchayats of Begusarai CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 10 January 2011 }}</ref>

Begusarai Assembly constituency is part of No. 24 [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/>

{{Pie chart|value1=50|value2=30|value3=10|value4=5|value5=5|color5=grey|color4={{party color|Communist Party of India}}|color3={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|color2={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|color1={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|caption=Most Successful parties from Begusarai Vidhan Sabha|label1=[[Indian National Congress|INC (8 times)]], {including 2 MLAs in 1952 and 1957 election}|label2=[[BJP|BJP (6 Times)]]|label3=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M) (2 times)]]|label4=[[Communist Party of India|CPI (1 time)]]|label5=[[Independent politician|Independent (1 time)]]}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web|title=Begusarai Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/begusarai.html|access-date=|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Saryu Prasad Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|Md. Illiyas
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Medni Paswan
|-
|Saryu Prasad Singh
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Ram Narain Choudhary
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Bhola Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Saryu Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Bhola Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|[[Basudeo Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Rajendra Prasad Singh
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bhola Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|2009^
|Srikrishna Prasad Singh
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|[[Surendra Mehata]]
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Amita Bhushan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Kundan Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|}

^by-election

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Begusarai<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Begusarai">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Begusarai |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04146.htm |access-date=19 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219044759/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04146.htm |archive-date=19 December 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kundan Kumar]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:119506}}
|percentage = 52.31
|change = +12.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Amita Bhushan]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:88874}}
|percentage = 38.9
|change = +1.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Surendra Kumar Sahani
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:7773}}
|percentage = 3.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Md. Saddam Husain
|votes = {{formatnum:2912}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3560}}
|percentage = 1.56
|change = +1.06
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30632}}
|percentage = 13.41
|change = +10.98
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:228447}}
|percentage = 66.76
|change = +11.16
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin ||title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Begusarai<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kundan Kumar]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:74217}}
|percentage = 39.66
|change = +0.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Amita Bhushan]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:69663}}
|percentage = 37.23
|change = -11.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:18002}}
|percentage = 9.62
|change = +8.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Sanju Kumari
|votes = {{formatnum:5531}}
|percentage = 2.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar Alias Raja
|votes = {{formatnum:3438}}
|percentage = 1.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sohit Tanti
|votes = {{formatnum:2096}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sanjay Gautam
|votes = {{formatnum:2057}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ashutosh Kumar Alias Hira Poddar
|votes = {{formatnum:1936}}
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Nand Kumar Sah
|votes = {{formatnum:1813}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change = +0.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:930}}
|percentage = 0.5
|change = -2.26
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:4554}}
|percentage = 2.43
|change = -7.31
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:187135}}
|percentage = 55.6
|change = +1.13
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Indian National Congress
| INC
|swing = 2.44
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2015]]: Begusarai<ref name="Begusarai Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Begusarai Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/begusarai |access-date=19 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219044759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/begusarai |archive-date=19 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Amita Bhushan]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:83521}}
|percentage = 49.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Surendra Mehata]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:66990}}
|percentage = 39.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Rajendra Prasad Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:5593}}
|percentage = 3.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Dileep Kesari
|votes = {{formatnum:1815}}
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4678}}
|percentage = 2.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:16531}}
|percentage = 9.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:169726}}
|percentage = 54.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = BJP
|swing = 9.8
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Munger Division topics}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Begusarai district]]
[[Category:Begusarai]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Kumhrar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:29:32Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating data

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kumhrar
| type = SLA
| map_image = 183-Kumhrar constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Patna district|Patna]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Patna Sahib Lok Sabha constituency|Patna Sahib]]
| constituency_no = 183
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| abolished = 
| mla = [[Sanjay Kumar Gupta (BJP politician)|Sanjay Kumar Gupta]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| electors = 431,390
}}
'''Kumhrar''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It comes under [[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]] Lok Sabha constituency.<ref name="election2013">[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-results/kumhrar.php Kumhrar Assembly Constituency] 20 December 2013</ref> In the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Kumhrar was one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines.<ref name="election1993">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/EC-move-to-allay-fears-about-errors-in-EVMs/articleshow/49199345.cms|title=EC move to allay fears about errors in EVMs|work=The Times of India |date=2 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="election2015">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/Current/ImpIns_24092015.pdf|title=General Election to the State Legislative Assembly of Bihar, 2015- Use of EVMs with Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail System(VVPAT)-reg.}}</ref> Kumhrar was initially called Patna Central assembly constituency, but after delimitation it was renamed as Kumhrar assembly constituency.<ref name="election2015-1">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150924/jsp/bihar/story_44132.jsp#.ViKR2dIrLIU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011095412/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150924/jsp/bihar/story_44132.jsp#.ViKR2dIrLIU|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2015|title=Battle enters final stage}}</ref> This Constituency and seat is dominated by [[Kayastha]] Caste.

==Overview==
[[File:Patna district assembly.png|thumb|right|Kumhrar Assembly constituency in Patna district]]
Kumhrar comprises Ward Nos. 14 & 16 to 22 in [[Patna Municipal Corporation|PMC]] and OG of Patna Rural CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2013-12-20 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web|title=Kumhrarh Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/kumhrarh.html|access-date=|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 2008: See [[Patna Central (Assembly constituency)|Patna Central]]''}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Arun Kumar Sinha (politician)|Arun Kumar Sinha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Sanjay Kumar Gupta (BJP politician)|Sanjay Kumar Gupta]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumhrar<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Kumhrar">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Kumhrar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04183.htm |access-date=11 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211092535/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04183.htm |archive-date=11 December 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Sanjay Kumar Gupta (BJP politician)|Sanjay Kumar Gupta]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:100485}}
|percentage = 57.91
|change = {{increase}}3.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Indradeep Chandravanshi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:52961}}
|percentage = 30.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Prof. K. C. Sinha
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:15017}}
|percentage = 8.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1278}}
|percentage = 0.74
|change = {{decrease}}0.29
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:47524}}
|percentage = 27.39
|change = {{increase}}9.83
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:173506}}
|percentage = 40.22
|change = {{increase}}4.95
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Legislative Assembly Election, 2020]]: [[Kumhrar]]<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Arun Kumar Sinha (politician)|Arun Kumar Sinha]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:81400}}
|percentage = 54.0
|change = -2.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dharamendra Kumar
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:54937}}
|percentage = 36.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajesh Ranjan Pappu
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|votes = {{formatnum:4333}}
|percentage = 2.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1558}}
|percentage = 1.03
|change = +0.48
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26463}}
|percentage = 17.56
|change = -6.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:150744}}
|percentage = 35.27
|change = -2.94
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2015]]: [[Kumhrar]]<ref name="election2015"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Arun Kumar Sinha (politician)|Arun Kumar Sinha]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:87792}}
|percentage = 56.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Aquil Haider]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:50517}}
|percentage = 32.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sumit Ranjan Sinha
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = {{formatnum:3123}}
|percentage = 2.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajay Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:2964}}
|percentage = 1.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:860}}
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:37275}}
|percentage = 23.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:156067}}
|percentage = 38.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2010]]: [[Kumhrar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Arun Kumar Sinha (politician)|Arun Kumar Sinha]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 83,425
|percentage = 72.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Md. Kamal Parwez
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = 15,617
|percentage = 13.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Kapildeo Prasad Yadav
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 9,254
|percentage = 7.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Bindeshwari Prasad
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 1,618
|percentage = 1.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Balram Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 874
|percentage = 0.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 67,808
|percentage = 58.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,15,804
|percentage = 37.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
* [[Kumhrar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{coord|25|38|28|N|85|5|26|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Patna district]]
[[Category:Government of Patna]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Jaswan Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T16:25:15Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating new entry

{{Short description|Former Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Jaswan
|state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Kangra district|Kangra]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]]
|established = 1967
|abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite news |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |work=Election commission of India |access-date= February 22, 2022 }}</ref>
|electors = {{formatnum:}}<ref name=election2007>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3811-himachal-pradesh-2007/ |title=Himachal Pradesh 2007 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
|reservation = None
}}

'''Jaswan''' was one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of India.<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> It was in [[Kangra district]] and was a part of [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/jaswan-himachal-pradesh-assembly-constituency | title=Jaswan Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency }}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-

|[[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Paras Ram]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Dr. Saligram]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2| Agya Ram Thakur
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Viplove Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Kashmir Singh Rana
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Viplove Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Bikram Singh (politician)|Bikram Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| Nikhil Rajour
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nikhil Rajour (Manu Sharma) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,692 |percentage=46.31% |change={{increase}}5.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bikram Singh (politician)|Bikram Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,574 |percentage=46.00% |change={{decrease}}1.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Om |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,912 |percentage=7.62% |change={{increase}}5.82 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=118 |percentage=0.31% |change= {{decrease}}5.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,203 |percentage=67.27% |change= {{decrease}}4.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,794 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.99 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bikram Singh (politician)|Bikram Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,180 |percentage=47.30% |change={{increase}}16.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Viplove Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,994 |percentage=41.28% |change={{decrease}}8.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramel Singh |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=2,445 |percentage=6.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gokal |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=667 |percentage=1.84% |change={{decrease}}15.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pawan Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=656 |percentage=1.81% |change={{increase}}0.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kush Raj Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=381 |percentage=1.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,186 |percentage=6.02% |change= {{decrease}}13.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,323 |percentage=72.12% |change= {{increase}}3.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,367 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.76 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Viplove Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,944 |percentage=50.05% |change={{decrease}}8.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bikram Singh (politician)|Bikram Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,081 |percentage=30.42% |change={{decrease}}0.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramel Singh |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=5,211 |percentage=17.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=448 |percentage=1.50% |change={{decrease}}1.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram |party=Janata Dal |votes=172 |percentage=0.58% |change={{decrease}}0.38 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,863 |percentage=19.64% |change= {{decrease}}8.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,856 |percentage=69.90% |change= {{decrease}}0.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,263 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.63 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.52 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Viplove Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,283 |percentage=58.57% |change={{increase}}15.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh Rana |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,523 |percentage=30.66% |change={{decrease}}24.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dasaundhi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,184 |percentage=4.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Bhaj |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=746 |percentage=2.68% |change={{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagyawati |party=Independent politician |votes=607 |percentage=2.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamla Guleria |party=Janata Dal |votes=265 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,760 |percentage=27.91% |change= {{increase}}15.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,800 |percentage=70.32% |change= {{increase}}0.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,825 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.97 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh Rana |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,155 |percentage=54.77% |change={{increase}}27.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Viplove Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,036 |percentage=42.70% |change={{decrease}}29.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parkash Chand |party=Doordarshi Party |votes=286 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yash Pal Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=219 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,119 |percentage=12.07% |change= {{decrease}}32.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,846 |percentage=70.09% |change= {{decrease}}0.96 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,230 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}17.03 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Viplove Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,163 |percentage=71.79% |change={{increase}}28.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,674 |percentage=26.87% |change={{decrease}}24.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surinder Singh Bihal |party=Independent politician |votes=139 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tilak Raj Kaunda |party=Independent politician |votes=107 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,489 |percentage=44.93% |change= {{increase}}37.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,120 |percentage=71.10% |change= {{decrease}}0.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,009 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.27 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}20.82 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf|access-date=16 December 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Agya Ram Thakur |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,147 |percentage=50.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarla Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,598 |percentage=43.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suram Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=711 |percentage=3.57% |change={{decrease}}28.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naval Kishore Sharma |party=Janata Party |votes=275 |percentage=1.38% |change={{decrease}}56.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagroop Singh Rana |party=Lokdal |votes=175 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,549 |percentage=7.78% |change= {{decrease}}17.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,906 |percentage=72.33% |change= {{increase}}23.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,976 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}8.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}6.71 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Agya Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=8,504 |percentage=57.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Paras Ram]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,760 |percentage=32.29% |change={{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=507 |percentage=3.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hem Chand Garg |party=Independent politician |votes=460 |percentage=3.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khushi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=290 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxmi Prakash Punj |party=Independent politician |votes=220 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,744 |percentage=25.40% |change= {{increase}}5.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,741 |percentage=49.13% |change= {{increase}}8.96 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,684 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.03 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dr. Saligram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,668 |percentage=50.11% |change={{increase}}15.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Paras Ram]]|party=Communist Party of India|votes=3,444|percentage=30.45%|change={{decrease}}24.14}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nikka Ram|party=Independent politician|votes=1,139|percentage=10.07%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Governor Singh|party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh|votes=431|percentage=3.81%|change={{decrease}}1.20}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prakash Chand|party=Independent politician|votes=357|percentage=3.16%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bidhi Chand|party=Indian National Congress (Organisation)|votes=271|percentage=2.40%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,224 |percentage=19.66% |change= {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=11,310|percentage=40.42%|change={{decrease}}13.25}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,939 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}4.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaswan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Paras Ram]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,446 |percentage=54.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,318 |percentage=34.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=932 |percentage=6.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=776 |percentage=5.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,128 |percentage=20.22% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,472 |percentage=54.91% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,563 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|30.44|77.59|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kangra district]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

YMCA Indian Students' Union and Hostel

2026-04-16T07:33:15Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating new details basic info!

{{Short description|Building in Fitzrovia, London, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:YMCA Indian Student Hostel, Fitzroy Street (geograph 2659106).jpg|thumb|The hostel]]
'''The Indian Students' Union and Hostel''' is a [[YMCA]] hostel in [[Fitzroy Square]], [[Fitzrovia]], London. It was founded in 1920 by the Indian National Council of [[YMCA]]s to provide housing and social facilities for Indian students in London. Key individuals who assisted were [[Edwin Bevan]], [[Emily Kinnaird]] and [[K. T. Paul]],<ref>[http://www8.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/indian-students-union-and-hostel '''Making Britain''' Open University The Indian Students’ Union and Hostel], Open University, Retrieved 31 May 2017</ref> and [[Laurence Binyon]] gave the inaugural address.<ref>[http://www8.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/laurence-binyon '''Making Britain''' Open University - Laurence Binyon]</ref>

[[Ralph Tubbs]] designed the current building in the early 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.londongardensonline.org.uk/gardens-online-record.asp?ID=CAM034 |title=London Gardens Online |access-date=26 October 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031558/http://www.londongardensonline.org.uk/gardens-online-record.asp?ID=CAM034 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newsevents.arts.ac.uk/event/dome-ralph-tubbs-and-the-festival-of-britain/ |title=Newsevents.arts.ac.uk |access-date=26 October 2012 |archive-date=13 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113105821/http://newsevents.arts.ac.uk/event/dome-ralph-tubbs-and-the-festival-of-britain/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> iThe building has been [[Listed building#England and Wales|listed Grade II]] on the [[National Heritage List for England]] since March 1996.<ref name=NHLE>{{NHLE|num=1113000|desc=Indian Young Men's Christian Association|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official|http://www.indianymca.org/}}
{{Commons category|Indian YMCA, London}}
{{coords|51.5228|-0.1390|display=title}}

[[Category:Social institutions]]
[[Category:YMCA buildings]]
[[Category:Grade II listed buildings in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Fitzrovia]]

{{London-struct-stub}}

Santpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:00Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating new stub w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Santpur
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| district = [[Bidar district|Bidar]]
| division = [[Kalaburagi division|Kalaburagi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency|Bidar]]
| constituency_no = 1
| established = 1962
| reservation = SC
| abolished = 1967
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| electors =
}}
'''Santpur Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Mysore state assembly]] in India until 1978 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-21 |title=Delimitation, 1967 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3944-delimitation-orders-1967/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Prabhoo Rao Dhondiba || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Santpur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Prabhoo Rao Dhondiba |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,098 |percentage = 47.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Vithal Rao Kamble |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 7,893 |percentage = 41.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shamsunder |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 2,034 |percentage = 10.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,205 |percentage = 6.33% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 20,169 |percentage = 34.96% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 19,025}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,685 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Mysore Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{Coord|18.1611867|77.4396460|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bidar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

V L Nghaka

2026-04-15T07:47:50Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating basic stub initial version!

{{Short description|Indian academic (born 1930)}}
'''V L Nghaka''' (born 1930) is an academic from the [[India]]n State of [[Mizoram]] known for his efforts for the propagation and development of the [[Hindi]] language in Mizoram. He authored the first [[Hindi|Hind]]-[[Mizo language|Mizo]] [[dictionary]] and got it published in the year 1965.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hindi Mizo dictionary |url=https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/1148077 |website=The University of Chicago Library Calogue |publisher=The University of Chicago |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref> In the year 2022, Govt of India honoured V L Nghaka by conferring the [[Padma Shri]] award for his contributions to literature and education.<ref name="PadmaShri2022"/> As per his citation for Padma Shri award, "He built a cultural bridge between Hindi and Mizo language by drafting a Hindi-Mizo dictionary. As an interpreter, he was instrumental in bringing the government and Mizo people closer.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Among the unsung heroes in Padma list: paraplegic social worker, physician treating snake bites and man behind EVM-VVPAT tech |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/padma-list-unsung-heroes-7743246/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>

==Early life==
V L Nghaka was born in 1930. He is the first person from the [[Mizo people|Mizo]] ethnic group to pass the Shiksha Visharad a qualifying examination for school teachers. Much later, in 1976, he secured the MA degree and in 1980 the MEd degree.

Early in life he became an ardent promoter of the Hindi language in Mizoram. In 1954, when the present Mizoram State had not been created, he took the initiative to establish the first Mizoram Assam Hindi Prachar Samiti at Kawnpui Village in the northern part of Mizoram. This institution later evolved and developed into the Mizoram Hindi Prachar Sabha. At the time of the PadmaShri award to Nghaka, the Sabha has 18 schools with BA Hindi course, 35 Prachar centres and 64 Vidhyalayas.

Nghaka is the author of several books intended to help popularize Hindi education. These include a book on Hindi grammar, a book to help prepare for Hindi Examination "Hindi Pariksha Sahayika" and most importantly a Mizo-Hindi Dictionary. The dictionary was published in 1965.<ref name="PR">{{cite web |title=Governor Hari Babu Kambhampati felicitates Pu VL Nghaka Padma Shri Awardee 2022 and a Hindi Pioneer |url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/governor-hari-babu-kambhampati-felicitates-pu-vl-nghaka-padma-shri-awardee-2022-and-a-hindi-pioneer |website=DIRECTORATE OF INFORMATION & PUBLIC RELATIONS |publisher=Govt of [[Mizoram]] |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>

Because of his fluency in Hindi language, he often served as an interpreter between Hindi speaking govt officials and local people. This role later expanded as the role of a peacemaker between the Indian Army and the Mizo National Front during the period of insurgency in Mizoram. He helped to secure bails for many Mizo prisoners negotiating with the authorities, paying bail money from his own pocket and by signing Bail Bonds.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizo academician VL Nghaka receives Padma Shri in Literature & Education |url=https://thelanternpost.in/news/mizo-academician-vl-nghaka-receives-padma-shri-in-literature-and-education |website=The Lantern Post |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>

==Recognition==

*In the year 2022, Govt of India conferred the [[Padma Shri]] award, the third highest award in the Padma series of awards, on V L Nghaka for his distinguished service in the field of literature and education.<ref name="PadmaShri2022">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2022 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/padmaawardees2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125143803/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/padmaawardees2022.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-25 |url-status=live|website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> The award is in recognition of his service as a "[[Hindi]] author and translator from [[Aizwal]], known for developing [[Hindi]]-[[Mizo language|Mizo]] dictionary."<ref name="PadmaShri2022Images">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2022 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/AwardeeTickets2022.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129172910/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/AwardeeTickets2022.aspx |archive-date=2022-01-29 |url-status=live|website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2020–2029)#Padma Shri Award recipients in the year 2022|Padma Shri Award recipients in the year 2022]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{YouTube|id=ZgzRauHdgAk|title=President Kovind presents Padma Shri to Shri V. L. Nghaka for Literature & Education.}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Thaanaa Serndha Koottam

2026-04-15T04:20:50Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating the post more to come!

{{Short description|2018 Indian Tamil crime comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thaanaa Serndha Koottam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vignesh Shivan]]
| producer = [[K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Special 26]]''|[[Neeraj Pandey]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Suriya]]|[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]|[[Ramya Krishnan]]|[[Keerthy Suresh]]|}}
| music = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| cinematography = Dinesh B. Krishnan
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[Studio Green]]
| distributor = Bharathan Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|01|12|ref1=}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}90 crore<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=25 January 2018 |title=Thaana Serntha Kootam, racing towards the Rs 100 crore club |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-thaana-serntha-kootam-all-set-join-rs-100-cr-club-75361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604035718/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-thaana-serntha-kootam-all-set-join-rs-100-cr-club-75361 |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=4 June 2019 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Thaanaa Serndha Koottam''''' ({{Translation|A Crowd That Gathered on Its Own}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime comedy film]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thaana Serndha Kootam |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/thaana-serndha-kootam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zotqxmza |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714083522/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/thaana-serndha-kootam-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zotqxmza |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> directed by [[Vignesh Shivan]]. The film stars [[Suriya]] in the main lead role, alongside [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Keerthy Suresh]], [[Nandha Durairaj|Nandha]], [[Kalaiyarasan]], [[RJ Balaji]], and [[Suresh Chandra Menon]]. The film's music was composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]] and the cinematography was performed by Dinesh B. Krishnan and edited by [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]. It is a remake of the 2013 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Special 26]]'', which was inspired by the [[1987 Opera House heist]] in [[Mumbai]].

[[Principal photography]] commenced in November 2016 and ended in August 2017. ''Thaana Serndha Kootam'' had a worldwide theatrical release on 12 January 2018. It received generally positive reviews from critics and the audience with praise for the performances of the cast (especially Suriya and Karthik), writing, direction, screenplay, social message, background score, and soundtrack.

== Plot ==
All the events in this movie happen in the period of 1986–1987. The film begins with Pallavaram Paranjothi Pandian attending an interview for a clerk's post and getting rejected due to a lack of money for giving bribes to the officials.

Now the story shifts to Nachinarkiniyan, aka Iniyan, attending [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] interviews and his friend attending police interviews. Both were rejected due to a lack of bribe money for the post. Iniyan's father, Porchelvan, works as a CBI office clerk. He wants his son to be an officer; hence, he pleads for his son's posting to his higher officials.

However, he earned the wrath of his senior official officer, Uthaman, a corrupt official. Once during a raid, he asks for money. Porchelvan did not approve of this and complained about Uthaman in the form of an anonymous letter. Uthaman learns of this and exacts revenge by purposely rejecting and humiliating Iniyan at the interview and later asking him to bribe in order to get the job. Iniyan and his father are dejected, and Iniyan's friend is dejected due to his failure in the interview, and he later commits suicide.

Iniyan is depressed after all these events and decides to loot money from corrupt and rich people. He loots black money and tries to reform society, making sure the deserved people get postings in government departments. He forms a gang with him and starts to heist by posing as CBI and income tax officers.

The CBI appoints Kurunjivendhan to investigate and capture the thieves. Meanwhile, Iniyan falls in love with Madhu, and she accepts his marriage proposal. One day, the gang conducts an interview for the CBI (fake). The gang plans to raid a jewellery shop. Uthaman and Kurunjivendhan come to know about this, but learn that they already came and finished the raid. Kurunjivendhan, who apprehends Iniyan but appreciates his struggle against corruption, offers him and his gang to be police officers, but he rejects the offer as he believes that even more good can be done if he continues to do his deeds.

In the post-climax scene, He then reveals that all the police forces with Kurunjivendhan are actually the men he gave jobs to using the heist money. He escapes the place with ease.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Suriya]] as Nachinarkiniyan (Iniyan)/Uthaman (during raids)
* [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as Kurunjivendhan CBI Officer
*[[Keerthy Suresh]] as Madhu Iyengar, Iniyan's love interest
* [[Ramya Krishnan]] as Azhagu Meena (Jhansi Rani)
* [[Kalaiyarasan]] as Iniyan's friend
* [[RJ Balaji]] as 'Pallavaram' Paranjothi Pandian
* [[Senthil]] as KP
* [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] as Muthukumar "Muthu"
* [[K. Sivasankar|Sivasankar]] as Ondiveeran "Ondi"
* [[Nandha Durairaj|Nandha]] as Police Inspector Vetrivel/Manga Madayan
* [[Suresh Chandra Menon]] as Uthaman CBI Officer (Voice Dubbed by Gautam Vasudev Menon)
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Porchelvan
* [[Brahmanandam]] as a Hyderabad CBI Officer
* [[Anandaraj]] as Kuthalingam (Gandhi Appa)
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Narayanan
* [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Azhagu Meena's husband
* [[Nirosha]] as Kuthalingam's wife
* [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan|Vinodhini]] as Mangaiyakarasi
* [[Bala Singh]] as Gunasekaran
* [[Venkatesh Harinathan]] as Kapil Gavaskar
* [[Gadam Kishan]] as Kapil's brother
* [[Ammu Abhirami]] as Azhagumathi (Azhagu Meena's daughter)
* Winner Ramachandran
* [[Meera Mitun]] as Iniyan’s friend’s wife
}}

== Production ==
Following the success of the Hindi film ''[[Special 26]]'' (2013), its director [[Neeraj Pandey]] revealed that he was approached by several filmmakers who were keen on producing a Tamil version of the film. [[N. Lingusamy]] subsequently bought the rights of the film and planned to produce the venture in collaboration with Friday Filmworks, who had made the original version, but the project failed to materialise.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 February 2013 |title=Kajal's 'Special 26' to be remade down South? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kajals-Special-26-to-be-remade-down-South/articleshow/18477848.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108233304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kajals-Special-26-to-be-remade-down-South/articleshow/18477848.cms |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2013 |title=Special 26 to be remade in Tamil |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/special-26-to-be-remade-in-tamil/articleshow/18723974.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250120152429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/special-26-to-be-remade-in-tamil/articleshow/18723974.cms |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In August 2014, producer [[Thiagarajan]] announced that he had purchased the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada rights to remake ''Special 26'', and revealed that he would also direct all four ventures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2014 |title='Special 26' to have four South remakes |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141103/entertainment-bollywood/article/special-26-have-four-south-remakes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108065432/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141103/entertainment-bollywood/article/special-26-have-four-south-remakes |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamal |first=S S |date=24 August 2014 |title=Special 26 comes to South |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Special-26-comes-to-South/articleshow/40859965.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108120451/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Special-26-comes-to-South/articleshow/40859965.cms |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> Thiagarajan's son [[Prashanth]] was revealed to be playing the lead role in Tamil, and by March 2015, Srikanth Ravichandran, then husband of television host [[Dhivyadharshini]], was expected to direct the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2015 |title=After 'Queen' it is 'Special 26' remake for Thyagarajan! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/after-queen-it-is-special-26-remake-for-thyagarajan-news-tamil-pdsl2xfighcdh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318211906/http://www.sify.com/movies/after-queen-it-is-special-26-remake-for-thyagarajan-news-tamil-pdsl2xfighcdh.html |archive-date=18 March 2015 |access-date=7 January 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

After a period of little development, Prashanth revealed to the media in September 2015 that the film's shoot would commence soon after with [[R. Madhesh]] as the director of the project.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 September 2015 |title=Prashanth confirms 'Special 26' Tamil remake |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Prashanth-confirms-Special-26-Tamil-remake/articleshow/49041696.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034916/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Prashanth-confirms-Special-26-Tamil-remake/articleshow/49041696.cms |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> The film failed to materialise over 2016 and it was widely reported in the media that the remake rights of the original film had been transferred from Thiagarajan to [[Studio Green]] and the film was to be made as ''Thaana Serndha Kootam'' by [[Vignesh Shivan]] with [[Suriya]] in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2016 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam- A remake of Special 26? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thaanaa-serndha-koottam--a-remake-of-special-26-news-tamil-qmwlghecdhfgd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224202836/http://www.sify.com/movies/thaanaa-serndha-koottam--a-remake-of-special-26-news-tamil-qmwlghecdhfgd.html |archive-date=24 December 2016 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2017 |title=Suriya's team in 'Thaana Serndha Kootam' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-s-team-in-thaana-serndha-kootam-news-tamil-rcrl1Hcegfcdh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221013045/http://www.sify.com/movies/suriya-s-team-in-thaana-serndha-kootam-news-tamil-rcrl1Hcegfcdh.html |archive-date=21 February 2017 |access-date=7 January 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The title was taken from a dialogue spoken by [[Rajinikanth]] in ''[[Baashha]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=21 September 2016 |title=Suriya's next movie title taken from Rajinikanth's punch dialogue |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suryias-next-movie-title-taken-from-rajinikanths-punch-dialogue-3042786/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429160302/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suryias-next-movie-title-taken-from-rajinikanths-punch-dialogue-3042786/ |archive-date=29 April 2018 |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> However, in February 2017, Thiagarajan insisted that the film was still being planned with Prashanth in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=25 February 2017 |title='Prashanth will re-enter B'wood with Naan remake' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/feb/25/prashanth-will-re-enter-bwood-with-naan-remake-1574342.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320194313/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/feb/25/prashanth-will-re-enter-bwood-with-naan-remake-1574342.html |archive-date=20 March 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> In late 2017, Thiagarajan made an application seeking an interim stay of the film's release, claiming that his studio Staar Movies still owned the film's rights. He stated that Staar Movies had entered into an agreement with the original producers, [[Viacom18 Studios|Viacom18]], in August 2014 and obtained the rights to remake the film in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada and that the agreement was valid for a period of three years. In early January 2018, the High Court refused the interim order application and called for the issues to be decided in a civil claim.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2018 |title=HC clears decks for Suriya film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/hc-clears-decks-for-suriya-film/article22380403.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910033249/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/hc-clears-decks-for-suriya-film/article22380403.ece |archive-date=10 September 2023 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title='Gang's' remake rights dispute settled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gangs-remake-rights-dispute-settled/articleshow/62403894.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523101659/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gangs-remake-rights-dispute-settled/articleshow/62403894.cms |archive-date=23 May 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Vignesh Shivan agreed to work on ''Thaanaa Serndha Koottam'' at short notice, after another project, ''[[Kaathuvaakula Rendu Kaadhal]]'' became delayed. [[Studio Green]]'s [[K. E. Gnanavel Raja]] asked Vignesh to do a project to star Suriya and the team chose to use an earlier script planned by Vignesh on the [[1987 Opera House heist]], like ''Special 26'', where a group posing as [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) officers executed an income tax raid on the jeweller in [[Mumbai]], which he initially wanted to make with either actors [[Sivakarthikeyan]] or [[Vijay Sethupathi]]. The team claimed to legally purchase the remake rights of ''Special 26'', but instead of copying the film scene-by-scene, Vignesh was insistent that it was adapted to make it suitable for Tamil audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2018 |title=Actor Suriya talks about Thaana Serndha Koottam's Kamal Haasan connect |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/jan/05/actor-suriya-talks-about-thaana-serndha-koottams-kamal-haasan-connect-1745720.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108063259/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/jan/05/actor-suriya-talks-about-thaana-serndha-koottams-kamal-haasan-connect-1745720.html |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=19 December 2017 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam is not a scene-by-scene remake of Special 26: Director Vignesh Shivan |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-is-not-a-scene-by-scene-remake-of-special-26-director-vignesh-shivan-4265591.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326193207/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-is-not-a-scene-by-scene-remake-of-special-26-director-vignesh-shivan-4265591.html |archive-date=26 March 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2017 |title=Suriya's 'TSK' not a scene by scene remake of 'Special 26', director clarifies |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-tsk-not-scene-scene-remake-special-26-director-clarifies-73546 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213184636/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-tsk-not-scene-scene-remake-special-26-director-clarifies-73546 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

The film was announced to the public in September 2016,<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 September 2016 |title=Vignesh Shivan's next with Suriya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Vignesh-Shivans-next-with-Suriya/article14625000.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605022653/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Vignesh-Shivans-next-with-Suriya/article14625000.ece |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 2016 |title=Suriya's next titled as 'Thaanaa Serndha Koottam' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Suriyas-next-titled-as-Thaanaa-Serndha-Koottam/articleshow/54458819.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250120153649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Suriyas-next-titled-as-Thaanaa-Serndha-Koottam/articleshow/54458819.cms |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> with principal photography starting in early November 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vamsi |first=Krishna |date=3 November 2016 |title=Suriya, Keerthy Suresh's next Thaana Serndha Kootam begins shooting |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriya-keerthy-sureshs-next-thaana-serndha-kootam-begins-shooting-3734793/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104173814/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriya-keerthy-sureshs-next-thaana-serndha-kootam-begins-shooting-3734793/ |archive-date=4 November 2016 |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Keerthy Suresh]] was signed on as the lead actress, while an ensemble cast of veteran actors including [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Suresh Chandra Menon]], [[Senthil]] and [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] were also a part of the first schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2016 |title=Ramya Krishnan lands crucial role in Suriya's next |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/nov/29/ramya-krishnan-lands-crucial-role-in-suriyas-next-1543866.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108062822/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/nov/29/ramya-krishnan-lands-crucial-role-in-suriyas-next-1543866.html |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Suresh Chandra Menon initially dubbed in his own voice, but it was later replaced with [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s voice.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=24 January 2018 |title=My voice could have been better than GVM's in TSK: Suresh |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/jan/23/my-voice-could-have-been-better-than-gvms-in-tsk-suresh-1762309.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625051642/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/jan/23/my-voice-could-have-been-better-than-gvms-in-tsk-suresh-1762309.html |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was predominantly shot across Chennai and Mysore, with the shoot finishing in August 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=19 August 2017 |title=Thaana Serndha Kootam nearing completion |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190817/thaana-serndha-kootam-nearing-completion.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123123415/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190817/thaana-serndha-kootam-nearing-completion.html |archive-date=23 January 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 2017 |title=Suriya's 'Thaana Serndha Kootam' nearing completion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriyas-thaana-serndha-kootam-nearing-completion/article17457078.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605061716/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriyas-thaana-serndha-kootam-nearing-completion/article17457078.ece |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> Post-production works for the film were completed at Knack Studios in Chennai. The film was also dubbed in Telugu as ''Gang'', with Suriya choosing to dub for himself for the Telugu version for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2018 |title=Suriya's dubbing diaries |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/080118/suriyas-dubbing-diaries.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326204023/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/080118/suriyas-dubbing-diaries.html |archive-date=26 March 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jayakrishnan |date=7 January 2018 |title=Suriya impressed by Vignesh Shivan's narration and screenplay for 'Gang' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/suriya-impressed-by-vignesh-shivans-narration-and-screenplay-for-gang/articleshow/62404376.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418080403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/suriya-impressed-by-vignesh-shivans-narration-and-screenplay-for-gang/articleshow/62404376.cms |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Thaanaa Serndha Koottam (soundtrack)}}
Vignesh Shivan teamed up with Anirudh Ravichander to compose the soundtrack and background score of the film, once again after ''Naanum Rowdy Dhaan''. This film also marks the first collaboration of Anirudh with Suriya. The tracklist features five songs, with lyrics for songs were written by [[Thamarai]], Vignesh Shivan and Mani Amudhavan, where the former and latter penned two songs each and the rest of the songs were penned by Vignesh Shivan. The soundtrack was released on 6 January 2018.

== Release ==
''Thaana Serndha Kootam'' was released worldwide in theatres on 12 January 2018, two days before the [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] festival.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=7 January 2018 |title=Chiyaan Vikram's Saamy Square eyes Ramzan weekend release on 14 June |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chiyaan-vikrams-saamy-square-eyes-ramzan-weekend-release-on-14-june-4291331.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174835/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chiyaan-vikrams-saamy-square-eyes-ramzan-weekend-release-on-14-june-4291331.html |archive-date=10 January 2018 |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref> It was dubbed and released into Telugu as ''Gang'' on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=4 January 2018 |title=Suriya dubs in his own voice for Gang, the Telugu version of Thaana Serntha Kootam |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/suriya-dubs-in-his-own-voice-for-gang-the-telugu-version-of-thaana-serntha-kootam-4287155.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601144957/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/suriya-dubs-in-his-own-voice-for-gang-the-telugu-version-of-thaana-serntha-kootam-4287155.html |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3.5 out of 5 stars stating "The film works wonderfully well as long as it stays closer to the plot of Special 26, and the changes are superficial."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=12 January 2018 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thaanaa-serndha-koottam/movie-review/62469665.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812073714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thaanaa-serndha-koottam/movie-review/62469665.cms |archive-date=12 August 2020 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Kirubhakar Purushothaman of ''[[India Today]]'' rated 2.5 stars out of 5 stating that "The film Thaanaa Serndha Koottam, starring Suriya released today and our review says that the film has not lived up to the original, Special 26."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purushothaman |first=Kirubhakar |date=12 January 2018 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam Movie Review: Suriya's 35th film is no Special 26 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review-1143316-2018-01-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231025909/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review-1143316-2018-01-12 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Firstpost]]'', Sreedhar Pillai rated 3 out of 5 stars stating "TSK is an enjoyable ride for the entire family, and it’s refreshing to see Suriya back in form."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=12 January 2018 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam movie review: Refreshing to see Suriya back in form in this heist caper |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review-refreshing-to-see-suriya-back-in-form-in-this-heist-caper-4299539.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429170507/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review-refreshing-to-see-suriya-back-in-form-in-this-heist-caper-4299539.html |archive-date=29 April 2018 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' rated 3 out of 5 stars stating "It’s Suriyas committed performance, that keeps you invested in the narrative and the fascinating characters etched out brilliantly by Vignesh."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2018 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Kootam review: A crackling entertainer |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/thaanaa-serndha-kootam-review-a-crackling-entertainer-review-tamil-sbmn2Nbbgbeae.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112120704/http://www.sify.com/movies/thaanaa-serndha-kootam-review-a-crackling-entertainer-review-tamil-sbmn2Nbbgbeae.html |archive-date=12 January 2018 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

Vishal Menon of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated "For a film that handles serious topics, TSK remains a feel good, light-hearted film, tailor-made for the festival weekend".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=12 January 2018 |title='Thaanaa Serndha Kootam' review: An able and fresh adaptation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thaanaa-serndha-kootam-review-an-able-and-fresh-adaptation/article22427545.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221153846/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thaanaa-serndha-kootam-review-an-able-and-fresh-adaptation/article22427545.ece |archive-date=21 December 2019 |access-date=30 May 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Film Companion]]'', [[Baradwaj Rangan]] rated 3 out of 5 stars stating "Vignesh Shivn’s mass-ified remake of Special 26, starring Suriya, is quite entertaining."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=1 December 2017 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam Movie Review |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405094017/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated 2.5 stars out of 5 stating "Walk in without expectation and let the Suriya and Keerthy Suresh starrer’s humour entertain you. As hard as the film tries to be serious, it is tough to take it so."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyappan |first=Ashameera |date=13 January 2018 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam movie review: The Suriya and Keerthy Suresh starrer is a fairly entertaining film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review-suriya-keerthy-suresh-star-rating-5020652/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119170332/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-movie-review-suriya-keerthy-suresh-star-rating-5020652/ |archive-date=19 November 2020 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated 3.5 out of 5 stars stating "Thaanaa Serndha Koottam is a fast paced heist that barely wastes a minute in portraying a comedic entertainer."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=13 January 2018 |title=Thaana Serndha Kootam movie review: An enjoyable affair |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/130118/thaana-serndha-kootam-movie-review-an-enjoyable-affair.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706224333/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/130118/thaana-serndha-kootam-movie-review-an-enjoyable-affair.html |archive-date=6 July 2020 |access-date=22 May 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Manigandan KR of ''Cinestaan'' rated 2 out of 5 stars stating "If you haven't watched the Hindi film ''Special 26'' (2013), chances are you will like ''Thaanaa Serndha Koottam''."<ref>{{Cite web |last=KR |first=Manigandan |date=13 January 2018 |title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam review: Vignesh Shivn's film is good only in parts |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-25173 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705151535/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/thaanaa-serndha-koottam-25173 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
As of 25 January 2018, the film reportedly collected {{INRConvert|90|c|year=2018}} worldwide, with the Tamil Nadu gross being {{INRConvert|42.3|c|year=2018}} and all-India gross at {{INRConvert|42.3|c|year=2018}} while the film collected {{INRConvert|22.50|c|year=2018}} overseas.<ref name=":0" />

== Accolades ==
At the [[66th Filmfare Awards South]], [[Anthony Daasan]] was nominated for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil]], and Ramya Krishnan was nominated for [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Tamil|Best Supporting Actress – Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230824055432/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> Daasan won the [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Award for Best Male Playback Singer]] for the song "Sodakku".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2019 |title=ஆனந்த விகடன் சினிமா விருதுகள் 2018 - திறமைக்கு மரியாதை |trans-title=Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 2018 - Respect for talent |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/146264-ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323164731/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/146264-ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards-2018 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Vignesh Shivan}}

[[Category:2010s heist films]]
[[Category:2010s masala films]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2018 crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Central Bureau of Investigation in fiction]]
[[Category:Crime comedy films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vignesh Shivan]]
[[Category:Films produced by K. E. Gnanavel Raja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anirudh Ravichander]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Studio Green films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Khalikote Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:27:42Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating new biography

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Khalikote}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Khallikote
| state = Odisha
| constituency_no = 126
| type = SLA
| map_image = 126-Khalikote.svg
| map_caption = Khalikote Assembly constituency in [[Ganjam district]]
| map_alt =
| division = Southern Division
| district = [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Purna Chandra Sethy]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,33,062{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Khallikote''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|state legislative]] constituency of [[Ganjam district]], Odisha, India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=126|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212744/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=126|url-status=usurped|archive-date=3 March 2016|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Khallikote (126) District: Ganjam|accessdate= 21 March 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes [[Khallikote]], [[Purusottampur]], Khallikote block and ten [[Gram panchayat]]s (Achuli, Handighar, K.N Pur, Pratappur, Ranajhali, Raipur, Solaghara, Jagannathpur, Baghala, Bhatakumarada, Sunathara, Badabaragam, Bhimpur, Gangadehuni and Jamuni) of Purusottampur block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp71.htm|title= 71 - Khallikote Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 21 March 2014}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|53.82}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|59.95}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|62.70}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|68.07}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|57.58}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|63.67}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|57.68}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|59.68}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Janata Party}}|53.96}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|53.37}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|64.61}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 18 elections were held till date including in one bypoll in 1963.

List of members elected from Khallikote constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |accessdate=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Khallikote Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/khallikote.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 19 June 2014}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Khalikote Assembly Election Results 2024: Khalikote Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/khalikote-constituency-result-18126 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Purna Chandra Sethy]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |date=24 May 2019 |title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108183944/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archivedate=8 November 2022 |accessdate=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Suryamani Baidya]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
| rowspan="2" |[[Purna Chandra Sethy]]
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan="5" |[[V. Sugnana Kumari Deo]]
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Trinath Samantray
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |[[V. Sugnana Kumari Deo]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Utkal Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Trinath Samantray
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Narayan Sahu
|{{full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|1963 (bypoll){{efn|Death of Ramchandra Mardaraj Dev}}
|[[V. Sugnana Kumari Deo]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Ramchandra Mardaraj Dev
|-
|[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Narayan Sahu
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Independent}}
|-
|[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Ramchandra Mardaraj Dev
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 20 May 2024 in 2nd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 5th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Purna Chandra Sethy]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Suryamani Baidya]] by a margin of 23,057 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Khalikote}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Purna Chandra Sethy]]
|votes = 80,230
|percentage = 53.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Suryamani Baidya]]
|votes = 57,173
|percentage = 38.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chitra Sen Behera
|votes = 7,857
|percentage = 5.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 3,798
|percentage = 2.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 23,057
|percentage = 15.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,49,058
|percentage = 63.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Suryamani Baidya
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Suryamani Baidya]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Bharati Behera by a margin of 41,545 votes.<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners" />

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Khalikote<ref name="SP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-II) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Suryamani Baidya]]
|votes = 86,105
|percentage = 59.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bharati Behera
|votes = 44,560
|percentage = 31.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhokali Sethi
|votes = 6,301
|percentage = 4.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,312
|percentage = 1.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 41,545
|percentage = 28.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,43,629
|percentage = 65.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Purna Chandra Sethy]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Pandaba Jalli by a margin of 57.194 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Khalikote<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Khallikote|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS18126.htm?ac=126|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=19 June 2014|archive-date=18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518222709/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS18126.htm?ac=126|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Khallikote (126)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=126|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121041509/https://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=126|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 November 2023|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=19 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Purna Chandra Sethy]]
|votes = 78,845
|percentage = 62.7
|change = {{down}}5.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pandaba Jalli
|votes = 21,651
|percentage = 17.22
|change = {{down}}4.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sarat Chandra Behera
|votes = 15,382
|percentage = 12.23
|change = {{up}}8.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,397
|percentage = 1.91
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 57,194
|percentage = 45.48
|change = {{down}}1.04
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,25,745
|percentage = 63.84
|change = {{up}}10.38
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,96,972
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Purna Chandra Sethy]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Kasinath Behera by a margin of 44,629 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=44629 |accessdate=17 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Khallikote<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Purna Chandra Sethy]]
|votes = 65,299
|percentage = 68.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kasinath Behera
|votes = 20,670
|percentage = 21.55
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gopal Krishna Behera
|votes = 3,901
|percentage = 4.07
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mina Kumari Tahal
|votes = 3,520
|percentage = 3.67
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 44,629
|percentage = 46.52{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 95,931
|percentage = 53.46{{efn|2004 Voter turnout was 60.25%}}
|change = {{down}}6.79
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ganjam district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|19.61|85.08|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Ganjam district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

SuSheela SuJeet

2026-04-12T05:09:48Z

Tanwarpal Singh:

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Prasad Oak}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = SuSheela SuJeet
| image = Susheela Sujeet Film Poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prasad Oak]]
| writer = '''Story:''' Prasad Oak '''Screenplay and dialogue:''' Ajay Kamble<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=पहिल्या चित्रपटाच्या प्रसिद्धीची स्वत:च्याच महाविद्यालयातून सुरुवात |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/susheela-sujeet-marathi-movie-promotions-in-college-ajay-kamble-css-98-4938853/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
| producer = Prasad Oak Manjiri Oak Sanjay Memane Nilesh Rathi Swapnil Joshi
| starring = [[Swapnil Joshi]] [[Sonali Kulkarni]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sanjay Memane
| editing =
| music = Varun Likhate
| studio = Panchsheel Entertainments Big Brain Productions
| distributor = [[Panorama Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|4|18|}}
| runtime = 92 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/susheela-sujeet-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi5ntg3 |title=''SuSheela SuJeet'' (12A) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=15 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|8 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Marathi Movie 2025: सरत्या वर्षात या मराठी सिनेमांची झाली बक्कळ कमाई, 'दशावतार' ठरला किंग, तर स्वप्नील -सोनालीच्या रोमॅन्सही वेधलं लक्ष |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/top-5-highest-grossing-marathi-movie-2025-dashavatar-jarann-susheela-sujeet-and-other/articleshow/126101200.cms |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>
}}

'''''SuSheela SuJeet''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi-language]] [[Suspense film|suspense]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed and written by [[Prasad Oak]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-04 |title=लेखक म्हणून पहिल्यावहिल्या चित्रपटाच्या प्रसिद्धीची स्वतःच्याच महाविद्यालयातून सुरुवात |url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/ajay-kamble-wrote-script-for-susheela-sujeet-with-its-promotion-starting-at-ruia-college-mumbai-print-news-sud-02-4928572/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> He also co-produces the film along with Manjiri Oak, [[Swapnil Joshi]], Sanjay Memane, and Nilesh Rathi under the banner of Panchsheel Entertainments and Big Brain Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=शिकलगार |first=स्वालिया न |date=2024-12-22 |title=स्वप्नील जोशी-सोनाली कुलकर्णीचा 'सुशीला-सुजीत' यादिवशी होणार प्रदर्शित |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/susheela-sujeet-movie-swapnil-joshi-sonali-kulkarni-release |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Pudhari News |language=mr}}</ref> The film stars Swapnil Joshi and [[Sonali Kulkarni]] in the title roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=शिकलगार |first=स्वालिया न |date=2024-11-29 |title='सुशीला-सुजीत' चित्रपट {{!}} स्वप्नील जोशी, सोनाली कुलकर्णी आणि प्रसाद ओक पहिल्यांदाच एकत्र |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/swapnil-joshi-sonali-kulkarni-and-prasad-oak-together-first-time-in-sushila-sujit-film-shooting-start |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Pudhari News |language=mr}}</ref> It is a story about two unlikely individuals who embark on a journey of [[self-discovery]], exploring the unpredictable nature of life with humor, emotion, and surprises.

The film was announced in September 2024 and is released in theaters on April 18, 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2024-10-02 |title=Sushila- Sujeet: कोण सुशीला अन् कोण सुजीत? 'सुशीला- सुजीत' चित्रपटाच्या दमदार मोशन पोस्टरने वेधलं लक्ष |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/prasad-oak-swapnil-joshi-new-movie-sushila-sujeet-motion-poster-release-psn14 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> Upon release, it received mixed to positive reviews, with some critics praised the direction and performances, others felt the film did not fully meet expectations.

== Plot ==
''Susheela Sujeet'' revolves around an unexpected situation that brings together two strangers—a married woman and a plumber—for a few hours. Susheela lives with her husband Ramakant on the 36th floor of a high-rise apartment in Ambernath. One day, when their bathroom shower starts leaking and the bedroom door also requires fixing—since once locked, it cannot be opened from inside—Ramakant calls a plumber named Sujeet and then leaves for work. As Sujeet begins his repairs, a sudden gust of wind accidentally slams the bedroom door shut, locking Susheela and Sujeet inside. With both their mobile phones and the intercom left in the other room, they find themselves unable to call for help. Trapped on the 36th floor, with no way to alert anyone below, the two must navigate the awkward and unexpected predicament together.

== Cast ==
*[[Swapnil Joshi]] as Sujeet
*[[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Susheela Paranjape
*[[Prasad Oak]] as Nakate (astrologer)
*Sunil Tawde as Ramakant Paranjape
*Renuka Daftardar as Sujeet's mother
*Sunil Godbole as Joshi Kaka
*Radha Sagar
*Rajendra Shisatkar as Police Inspector
*Ajay Kamble
*Atharva Sudame (cameo as content creator)
*[[Namrata Sambherao]] (cameo as content creator)
*[[Amruta Khanvilkar]] as Aarti & Chiu Tai, [[cameo appearance]] in the song ''"Chiu Tai Chiu Tai Daar Ughad"''<ref>{{Cite web |title=बाबो! या हटके चित्रपटात असणार अमृता खानवीलकरचं पहिलंच आइटम साँग |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/amruta-khanvilkar-chiu-tai-chiu-tai-daar-ughad-item-song-from-susheela-sujeet-movie-with-gashmeer-mahajani/articleshow/118677709.cms |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
*[[Gashmeer Mahajani]] as Shana Kawala, cameo appearance in the song ''"Chiu Tai Chiu Tai Daar Ughad"''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title='चिऊताई चिऊताई दार उघड', अमृता खानविलकरचं पहिलं आयटम सॉंग! गश्मीर महाजनीसोबतचा पाहा VIDEO |url=https://news18marathi.com/entertainment/amruta-khanwilkar-first-item-song-chiutai-chiutai-dar-ughad-watch-the-video-with-gashmeer-mahajani-ws-b-1348349.html |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=News18 मराठी |language=mr}}</ref>

== Production ==
''SuSheela SuJeet'' was officially announced on 24 September 2025, with the star cast kept under wraps.<ref name=":0" /> This marks the third collaboration between director [[Prasad Oak]] and cinematographer Sanjay Memane after ''[[Hirkani]]'' (2019) and ''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]'' (2022). In November 2024, the lead cast was revealed, marking the first on-screen collaboration between [[Swapnil Joshi]] and [[Sonali Kulkarni]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-13 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Swapnil Joshi and Sonali Kulkarni together for the first time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/exclusive-swapnil-joshi-and-sonali-kulkarni-together-for-the-first-time/articleshow/115243511.cms |access-date=2025-02-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in the first week of November with the blessings of [[Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati Temple|Shrimant Dagdusheth Halwai Ganpati]] in [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-11-30 |title=स्वप्नील जोशी, सोनाली कुलकर्णी आणि प्रसाद ओक पहिल्यांदाच एकत्र, 'सुशीला-सुजीत'च्या शूटिंगला सुरुवात |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/mr/!entertainment/filming-of-the-movie-susheela-sujeet-started-from-dagdusheth-halwai-ganapati-temple-maharashtra-news-mhs24113005572 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=2024-11-06 |title=नाच गं घुमाच्या यशानंतर स्वप्नील जोशीची नवी निर्मिती,'सुशीला -सुजीत' चित्रपटाचा मुहूर्त संपन्न |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/swapnil-joshi-new-marathi-movie-sushila-sujit-as-a-producer-prasad-oak-manjiri-oak-is-a-co-produder-entertainment-news-in-marathi-1324543 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> On 14 February 2025, coinciding with [[Valentine's Day|Valentine’s Day]], it was announced that [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] would also be part of the film, though details about her role remained undisclosed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Shruti |date=2025-02-14 |title=Amruta Khanvilkar: सुशीला - सुजीत मध्ये अमृता? अभिनेत्रीच्या त्या पोस्टमुळे चर्चेला उधाण! |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/amrita-khanvilkar-will-play-special-role-in-film-susheela-sujeet-svk01 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Marathi News Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref> A special item song, choreographed by Mehul Gadani, was shot in a single day.<ref>{{Cite web |title='सुशीला सुजीत' चित्रपटाच्या गाण्याच्या शुटिंगचे गमतीदार किस्से, गश्मीरने मुलाखतीत काढली अमृताची खोड |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/susheela-sujeet-new-marathi-moive-amruta-khanvilkar-gashmeer-mahajani-interview-watch-video/videoshow/118696871.cms |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> It marks Khanvilkar's first [[item number]] in her career, as she had previously only performed [[Lavani]] dance sequences in films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kale |first=Krantee V. |date=2025-03-03 |title="चिऊताई चिऊताई दार उघड" : अमृता खानविलकरचे पहिलेवहिले 'आयटम साँग' रिलीज, बघा Video |url=https://marathi.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/amruta-khanvilkar-to-do-first-item-song-of-career-in-upcoming-marathi-movie-sushila-sujeet |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=marathi.freepressjournal.in |language=mr}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film's background score and music are composed by Varun Likhate. The first song, ''"Chiu Tai Chiu Tai Daar Ughad,"'' featuring [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] and [[Gashmeer Mahajani]], was released on 3 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title=Amruta Khanvilkar Item Song : 'चिऊताई चिऊताई दार उघड' आयटम साँगवर अमृता खानविलकरचा गश्मीर महाजनीसोबत एनर्जेटिक डान्स |url=https://marathi.timesnownews.com/entertainment/amruta-khanvilkar-item-song-with-gashmir-mahajani-chiutai-chiutai-dar-ughad-released-see-video-article-151229101 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Times Now Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> The song received positive reviews, with a critic from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' praised the duo's chemistry as the "highlight of the song," adding that "it promises to be a foot-tapping number, and Amruta's energetic performance will undoubtedly leave audiences spellbound."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2025-03-03 |title=Amruta Khanvilkar and Gashmeer Mahajani to star in Marathi film Sushila Sujeet's item song 'Chiu Tai' : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amruta-khanvilkar-gashmeer-mahajani-star-marathi-film-sushila-sujeets-item-song-chiu-tai/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=narayan |first=kimaya |date=2025-03-04 |title=" चिऊताई चिऊताई दार उघड " म्हणत गश्मीर-अमृताची आयटम सॉंगमध्ये धमाल ; अल्पावधीत गाणं सुपरहिट |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/gashmeer-mahajani-and-amruta-khanvilkar-new-song-name-chiutai-chiutai-dar-ughad-out-on-social-media-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> Another track, ''"Aata,"'' was released on 7 April 2025, showcasing Prasad Oak in the style of a rapper alongside Omkar Nawate, Mandar Mokashi, Akshay Mhaske, Bhakti Shravan, Hrithik Dhanve, and others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-04-08 |title=स्वप्नील जोशी - सोनाली कुलकर्णी स्टारर 'सुशीला सुजीत'मधील 'आता' गाणं रिलीज, पाहा व्हिडिओ... |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/mr/!entertainment/swapnil-joshi-and-sonali-kulkarni-starrer-susheela-sujeet-marath-movie-song-aataout-maharashtra-news-mhs25040802110 |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=mr}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 12:16
| title1 = Chiu Tai Chiu Tai Daar Ughad
| length1 = 3:10
| lyrics1 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra1 = Pravin Kunwar, Kavita Raam
| title2 = Naughty Naughty
| length2 = 4:00
| lyrics2 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra2 = Mugdha Karhade, [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
| title3 = Aata
| length3 = 2:33
| lyrics3 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra3 = [[Prasad Oak]], Varun Likhate
| title4 = Aata – Susheela's Version
| length4 = 2:33
| lyrics4 = Mandar Cholkar
| extra4 = Chetana Bhat
}}

== Marketing and release ==
The worldwide distribution and music rights of the film have been acquired by [[Panorama Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Prashant |title=Susheela Sujeet Marathi Film: दिग्गज चित्रपट स्टुडिओ Panorama ने प्राप्त केले मराठी चित्रपट 'सुशीला सुजीत'चे जगभर वितरण आणि संगीत हक्क; जाणून घ्या कधी होणार प्रदर्शित {{!}} 🎥 LatestLY मराठी |url=https://marathi.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/marathi/susheela-sujeet-marathi-film-legendary-film-studio-panorama-acquires-worldwide-distribution-and-music-rights-of-marathi-film-sushiela-sujeet-find-out-when-it-will-be-released-581877.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=LatestLY मराठी |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Trust Of India |url=https://www.ptinews.com/press-release/panorama-studios-secures-global-distribution-rights-for-marathi-film-susheela-sujeet-the-slice-of-life-drama-releases-in-theatres-on-18th-april-2025-/2109437 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.ptinews.com}}</ref> The first-look poster, along with the release date, was unveiled on 19 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-20 |title=दरवाजाच्या आड काय आहे गुपित? 'सुशीला- सुजीत' सिनेमाचं पोस्टर चर्चेत, पहिल्यांदाच एकत्र झळकणार 'ही' फ्रेश जोडी |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/susheela-sujeet-new-marathi-movie-starring-swapnil-joshi-and-sonali-kulkarni-release-on-this-date-sva-00-4780182/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> The poster features the two leads visible through a keyhole.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarashtra |date=2024-12-19 |title=शीला-जीतच्या आत दडलंय 'सुशीला- सुजीत', स्वप्नील जोशीच्या नव्या चित्रपटाची होतेय चर्चा |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/new-film-of-swapnil-joshi-and-prasad-oak-titled-as-sushila-sujeet-726933.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref> A special event was held at [[Ramnarain Ruia College]] in [[Mumbai]] for the launch of the song ''"Chiu Tai Chiu Tai Daar Ughad,"'' attended by the cast and crew.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-04 |title="बघाच, मी काय करते...", अमृता खानविलकरने प्रसाद ओकला दिलेली धमकी; सांगितला 'चिऊताई-चिऊताई' गाण्याचा मजेशीर किस्सा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/amruta-khanvilkar-shares-funny-incident-of-her-recent-item-song-in-prasad-oak-movie-sva-00-4928867/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical Response ===
Santosh Bhingarde of ''[[Sakal]]'' gave the film a more generous 3.5 stars out of 5 and commended Oak's direction and the ensemble cast, stating, "This is one such film that gives a good message while entertaining the audience."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhingarde |first=Santosh |date=2025-04-19 |title=Susheela Sujeet Review: यांना पाहताना प्रेक्षकांच्या मनावरच येतात संशयाचे ढग; कसा आहे स्वप्नील-सोनालीचा 'सुशीला सुजीत'? |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/swapnil-joshi-sonali-kulkarni-movie-susheela-sujeet-review-psn14 |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> Kalpeshraj Kubal from ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' awarded it 3 out of 5 stars, lauding the film’s overall impact and added, "This film is a journey from 'silence' to 'acceptance' of oneself. A person is trapped in deep depression, confusion, and self-doubt; then why is it important for every 'Sushil Sujeet' to recognize the 'Sheelajeet' within himself?"<ref>{{Cite web |title=कसा आहे सोनाली कुलकर्णी आणि स्वप्नील जोशी यांचा 'सुशीला सुजीत'? |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/susheela-sujeet/moviereview/120407612.cms |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Mihir Bhanage of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated ''Susheela Sujeet'' 2.5 out of 5 stars, calling it a "decent attempt" and remarked, "After the premise of Susheela and Sujeet being locked in a room is established, the film suffers from a bad case of ''hum tum ek kamre mein band ho... aur story kho jaaye,''" pointing to the narrative’s loss of momentum after a promising start.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Susheela Sujeet Movie Review : Promises a good hand, delivers a bluff |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/susheela-sujeet/movie-review/120431986.cms |access-date=2025-04-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Chinmay Nakhwa appreciated the conviction behind the film, especially praising [[Sonali Kulkarni]]'s standout performance and noted, "Such humour, a stunning act by Sonali Kulkarni and some spark in writing and execution by Prasad Oak make Susheela Sujeet a harmless affair," giving it a rating of 2.5 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakhwa |first=Chinmay |date=2025-04-19 |title=SUSHEELA SUJEET |url=https://chinmaynakhwa.wordpress.com/2025/04/19/susheela-sujeet/ |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=meri maaa, CINEMAAA |language=en}}</ref> A reviewer from ''Film Information'' summed it up succinctly: "Susheela Sujeet is a fair entertainer for its comedy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2025-04-18 |title='SUSHEELA SUJEET' (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 18 April 2025 |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/susheela-sujeet-marathi-review-18-april-2025/ |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=Film Information |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Awards
!Year
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!Ref
|-
|Lokshahi Marathi Chitra Sanman
| rowspan="1" |2025
|Best Comic Actor
|Sunil Tawde
|{{pending}}
| rowspan="1" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-06 |title=Chitra Sanman |url=https://www.lokshahi.com/topic/chitra-sanman |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=Lokshahi Marathi News |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Indian National Cine Academy
|2026
|Best Actress
|[[Sonali Kulkarni]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-05 |title=Indian National Cine Academy Awards: Founder talks about unting languages |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/indian-national-cine-academy-awards-founder-talks-about-unting-languages-23619351?button=next |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|35077915}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pune]]
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language drama films]]
[[Category:2020 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in apartment buildings]]

List of leaders of the opposition in the Haryana Legislative Assembly

2026-04-09T05:19:55Z

Tanwarpal Singh:

{{short description|LOP in Haryana assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Political post
| post = Leader of the Opposition
| body = the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| insignia =
| insigniasize = 150
| insigniacaption = [[Haryana Government|Seal of Haryana Government]]
| image = Bhupinder Singh Hooda.png
| imagesize = 150
| incumbent = [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
| incumbentsince = 29 September 2025
| style = [[The Honourable|The Hon’ble]]
| termlength = 5 years ''Till the Assembly Continues''
| appointer = Speaker of the Assembly
| inaugural =
| website =
| member_of = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| nominator = Members of the Official Opposition of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]
| seat =
}}

The '''leader of the opposition in the Haryana Legislative Assembly''' is the politician who leads the official opposition in the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]].

== Eligibility ==
'''Official Opposition'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mpa.nic.in/actopp.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116211914/http://mpa.nic.in/actopp.htm | archive-date=2010-01-16 | title=THE SALARY AND ALLOWANCES OF LEADERS OF OPPOSITION IN PARLIAMENT ACT, 1977 AND RULES MADE THEREUNDER}}</ref> is a term used in [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] to designate the political party which has secured the second largest number of seats in the assembly. In order to get formal recognition, the party must have at least [[Quorum#India|10% of total membership of the Legislative Assembly]] as an individual party, and not as an alliance.

== Role ==
In legislature, opposition party has a major role and must act to discourage the party in power from acting against the interests of the state and the common man. They are expected to alert the population and the government on the content of any bill, which is not in the best interests of the state.<ref>[http://www.elections.in/political-corner/role-opposition-party-parliament/ Role of Leader of Opposition in India]</ref><ref>[http://www.politicalsciencenotes.com/parliament/opposition/role-of-opposition-in-parliament-india/976 Role of Opposition in Parliament of India]</ref>

== List of leaders of the opposition ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;
|-
! No.
! Portrait
! Name
! Constituency
! colspan="2"| Term
! Assembly {{small|(Election)}}
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| 1
|
| [[Shamsher Singh Surjewala]]
| [[Narwana Assembly constituency|Narwana]]
| 1977
| 1979
| rowspan="2" | 5th Assembly {{Small|[[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(1977)]]}}
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2
|[[File:Chaudhary Devi Lal stamp (cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Devi Lal]]
| [[Bhattu Kalan Assembly constituency|Bhattu Kalan]]
| 1979
| 1980
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| 3
|
| [[Chandrawati]]
| [[Badhra Assembly constituency|Badhra]]
| 1982
| 1987
| 6th Assembly {{Small|[[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(1982)]]}}
| {{Full party name with color|Lok Dal}}
|-
| 4
| colspan="3" | Vacant
| 1987
| 1991
| 7th Assembly {{Small|[[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(1987)]]}}
| colspan="2" | No Official Opposition
|-
| 5
|
| [[Sampat Singh]]
| [[Bhattu Kalan Assembly constituency|Bhattu Kalan]]
| 1991
| 1996
| 8th Assembly {{Small|[[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(1991)]]}}
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| 6
| [[File:Om Prakash Chautala.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
| [[Rori Assembly constituency|Rori]]
| 24 March 1996
| 1999
| rowspan="2" |9th Assembly {{Small|[[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(1996)]]}}
| {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
| 7
| [[File:Bansi Lal (cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Bansi Lal]]
| [[Tosham Assembly constituency|Tosham]]
| 1999
| 2000
| {{Full party name with color|Haryana Vikas Party}}
|-
| 8
| [[File:Bhupinder Singh Hooda.png|100x100px]]
| [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]
| [[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency|Garhi Sampla-Kiloi]]
| 2001
| 2004
| 10th Assembly {{Small|[[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(2000)]]}}
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | (6)
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Om Prakash Chautala.jpg|100x100px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Rori Assembly constituency|Rori]]
| 27 February 2005
| 21 August 2009
| 11th Assembly {{Small|[[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(2005)]]}}
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 17 November 2009
| 27 October 2014
| 12th Assembly {{Small|[[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(2009)]]}}
|-
| 9
| [[File:Abhay Singh Chautala (cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Abhay Singh Chautala]]
| [[Ellenabad Assembly constituency|Ellenabad]]
| 5 November 2014
| 23 March 2019
| rowspan="2" |13th Assembly {{Small|[[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(2014)]]}}
|-
| 10
| [[File:Kiran Choudhry photo.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Kiran Choudhry]]
| [[Tosham Assembly constituency|Tosham]]
| 24 March 2019
| 3 September 2019
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | (8)
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Bhupinder Singh Hooda.png|100x100px]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]]<ref name="Congress Elects Bhupinder Hooda As Leader Of Opposition In Haryana">{{cite news |last1=NDTV |title=Congress Elects Bhupinder Hooda As Leader Of Opposition In Haryana |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhupinder-singh-hooda-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-haryana-assembly-2126219 |accessdate=19 May 2024 |work= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519055224/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhupinder-singh-hooda-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-haryana-assembly-2126219 |archivedate=19 May 2024}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency|Garhi Sampla-Kiloi]]
| 4 September 2019
| 27 October 2019
| rowspan="2" |14th Assembly {{Small|[[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(2019)]]}}
|-
| 2 November 2019
| 12 September 2024
|-
| 29 September 2025
| '''Incumbent'''
| 15th Assembly {{Small|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|(2024)]]}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[Government of Haryana]]
* [[Governor of Haryana]]
* [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of current Indian opposition leaders]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Current Indian opposition leaders}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lists of leaders of the opposition of Indian states and territories|Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

Diocese of Jowai

2026-04-08T16:49:05Z

Tanwarpal Singh:

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Meghalaya, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Jowai
|latin = Dioecesis Iovaiensis
|local = जोवाई के सूबा
|country = {{flag|India}}
|metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong|Shillong]]
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong|Shillong]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Cathedral of St. Theresa of Lisieux in [[Jowai]]
|cocathedral =
|area_km2 = 3,819
|population = 437,380
|population_as_of = 2020
|catholics = 111,930
|catholics_percent= 25.6
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Ferdinand Dkhar]]
|apostolic_admin =
|metro_archbishop = [[Victor Lyngdoh]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|website =
|churches=
|patron=
|dissolved=
|established ={{start date and age|28 January 2006}}
|sui_iuris_church=
|denomination=
|parishes=
|headquarters=
|territory=
|flag=
|coat=
|image=
|language=
|map=Map of Roman Catholic Diocese of Jowai.png
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Jowai''' ({{langx|la| Iovaien(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the town of [[Jowai]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong|Shillong]] in India. In a land area of 3,819 square kilometers, the diocesan territory covers the districts of East and West [[Jaintia Hills]] in [[Meghalaya]].

==History==
The Diocese of Jowai was erected on 28 January 2006, by Pope Benedict XVI, and Father Vincent Kympat was appointed its first bishop. He was ordained on 2 April 2006, by the Apostolic Nuncio to India, Archbishop Pedro Lopez Quintana.

==Statistics==
When the new diocese of Jowai was erected in the year 2006, it had 59,095 baptized Catholics in the territory which covers Jaintia hills district under 7 parishes. The diocese have steadily been growing through the years and in 2019 the population of Catholics in the territory have grown to 111,930 under 18 parishes.

==Leadership==
* [[Bishop]]s of Jowai ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])
** Bishop [[Vincent Kympat]] (28 January 2006 – 30 July 2011)
Bishop Vincent Kympat was born 17 December 1946, in Moosutong in Shillong Diocese. He was ordained a priest on 23 January 1977, in the diocese of Shillong. He was appointed Bishop of Jowai on 28 January 2006 and was ordained on 2 April 2006. Before becoming a prelate Bishop Kympat was the chairman of Faith Formation Commission and Diocesan Coordinator for Small Christian Communities in the Archdiocese of Shillong.

He was the Chairman of Small Christian Communities Commission in North Eastern Regional Bishops' Council of India before he died on 30 July 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2014/02/03/0081/00169.html |title=Rinunce e Nomine |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=20 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220202851/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2014/02/03/0081/00169.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/jowa0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djowa.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{coord|25.4442|N|92.1962|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jowai}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 2006]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Meghalaya]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

Pasakkara Nanbargal

2026-04-06T01:53:35Z

Tanwarpal Singh: started the info w/ refs

{{short description|Indian Tamil-language sports drama film}}
{{No plot|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Firose Khan]]
| writer = Firose Khan
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Manisha Khan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Yuvan (actor)|Ajmal Khan]]
*Divya Nagesh
*Firose Khan
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Mohanaraman
| editing = S. P. Ahamed
| music = [[Dhina]]
| studio = Angel Film International
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2011|5|6|df=yes|ref1=<ref name="D"/>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Pasakkara Nanbargal''''' ({{Translation|Affectionate friends}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[sports drama film]] written and directed by [[Firose Khan]], who co-stars in the film alongside [[Yuvan (actor)|Ajmal Khan]] and Divya Nagesh.

==Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Yuvan (actor)|Ajmal Khan]] as Arun
*Divya Nagesh as Divya
*[[Firose Khan]] as Khader
*V. Rishiraj as a rowdy
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]
*Usha Elizabeth as the police officer's wife
*Boys Rajan as the pedophile who misbehaves with Mani's sister.
*[[Kottachi]] as Arun and Divya's classmate
*[[Bala Singh]] as Arun's grandfather (uncredited)<ref name="D"/>
}}

==Production==
The film marks the directorial debut of Firose Khan and the acting debut of his then 15-year-old son [[Yuvan (actor)|Ajmal Khan]], who trained in kickboxing under [[Shihan Hussaini]] for his role of an orphan.<ref name="D">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/2011/Apr/29/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-345758.html|title=பாசக்கார நண்பர்கள்|trans-title=''Pasakkara Nanbargal''|date=29 April 2011|website=[[Dinamani]]|language=ta|access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/firose-khan-does-it-for-his-son/articleshow/7725690.cms|title=Firose Khan does it for his son|date=17 March 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-Bitsy/article14962566.ece|title=Itsy-Bitsy|first=Nikhil|last=Raghavan|date=26 March 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325142353/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-Bitsy/article14962566.ece|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-access=subscription|access-date=12 February 2026}}</ref> Child actress Divya Nagesh of ''[[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]'' (2009) fame makes her lead debut.<ref name="Music"/> Firose Khan plays Yuvan's coach in the film.<ref name="D"/> The climax was shot at the Bangalore Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2011/Apr/24/lending-the-paternal-hand-to-stardom-247229.html|title=Lending the paternal hand to stardom|date=24 April 2011|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=12 February 2026}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Dhina]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Pasakara Nanbargal Video Songs Jukebox |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzcBlzf6AgQ |access-date=13 February 2026 |publisher=LMM Music |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> The audio lauch took place on 18 May 2011 at Vani Mahal in Chennai with [[Rama Narayanan]] and [[S. P. Jananathan]] as the chief guests.<ref name="Music">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2011/Apr/27/little-boys-turns-hero-248077.html|title=Little boys turns hero|date=27 April 2011|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>
*"Rekka Katti Parakara" - Shravan, [[Charulatha Mani]]
*"Boom Boom" - Dr. Basha, [[Saindhavi]]
*"Amma Enbadu" - [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
*"Amma En Amma" - Dhina

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The director has done his homework on the sport. It’s an exciting build-up to the finish, with a twist in the end".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/May/10/director-kicks-off-quite-literally-251974.html|title=Director kicks off, quite literally|date=10 May 2011|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=12 February 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|13439312}}

[[Category:2010s sports drama films]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dhina]]
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language sports drama films]]

Steve Smith (cricketer)

2026-03-24T10:30:44Z

Tanwarpal Singh: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|Australian cricketer (born 1989)}}
{{For-multi|the 1980s Australia, NSW and Transvaal player|Steve Smith (cricketer, born 1961)|the English cricketer|Stephen Smith (cricketer)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Steve Smith
| image = STEVE SMITH (11705303043).jpg
| caption = Smith in 2014
| fullname = Steven Peter Devereux Smith
| nickname = Smudge
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|06|02}}
| birth_place = [[Kogarah, New South Wales]], Australia
| height = {{convert|176|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]]
| role = [[Batting order (cricket)#Top order|Top-order batter]]
| international = true
| country = Australia
| internationalspan = 2010–present
| testdebutdate = 13 July
| testdebutyear = 2010
| testdebutagainst = Pakistan
| testcap = 415
| lasttestdate = 4 January
| lasttestyear = 2026
| lasttestagainst = England
| odidebutdate = 19 February
| odidebutyear = 2010
| odidebutagainst = West Indies
| odicap = 182
| lastodidate = 4 March
| lastodiyear = 2025
| lastodiagainst = India
| odishirt = 49
| T20Idebutdate = 5 February
| T20Idebutyear = 2010
| T20Idebutagainst = Pakistan
| T20Icap = 43
| lastT20Idate = 25 February
| lastT20Iyear = 2024
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand
| T20Ishirt = 49
| club1 = [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2007/08–present}}
| club2 = [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]
| year2 = 2010
| club3 = [[Sydney Sixers]]
| year3 = {{nowrap|2011/12–present}}
| club4 = [[Pune Warriors]]
| year4 = 2012–2013
| club5 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year5 = 2014–2015
| club6 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]
| year6 = 2016–2017
| club7 = [[Barbados Tridents]]
| year7 = 2018
| club8 = [[Global T20 Canada|Toronto Nationals]]
| year8 = 2018
| club9 = [[Comilla Victorians]]
| year9 = 2019
| club10 = Rajasthan Royals
| year10 = 2019–2020
| club11 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| year11 = 2021
| club12 = [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]]
| year12 = 2023
| club13 = [[Washington Freedom (cricket)|Washington Freedom]]
| year13 = 2024
| club14 = [[Welsh Fire]]
| year14 = 2025

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 123
| runs1 = 10,763
| bat avg1 = 56.05
| 100s/50s1 = 37/44
| top score1 = 239
| deliveries1 = 1,470
| wickets1 = 19
| bowl avg1 = 53.05
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/18
| catches/stumpings1 = 215/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 170
| runs2 = 5,800
| bat avg2 = 43.28
| 100s/50s2 = 12/35
| top score2 = 164
| deliveries2 = 1,076
| wickets2 = 28
| bowl avg2 = 34.67
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 3/16
| catches/stumpings2 = 90/–
| column3 = [[First class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 188
| runs3 = 15,619
| bat avg3 = 54.23
| 100s/50s3 = 54/67
| top score3 = 239
| deliveries3 = 5,395
| wickets3 = 72
| bowl avg3 = 51.80
| fivefor3 = 1
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 7/64
| catches/stumpings3 = 311/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 220
| runs4 = 7873
| bat avg4 = 46.31
| 100s/50s4 = 15/50
| top score4 = 164
| deliveries4 = 2030
| wickets4 = 47
| bowl avg4 = 39.14
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 3/16
| catches/stumpings4 = 119/–
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/steven-smith-267192 CricInfo
| date = 8 January 2026
| medaltemplates = 
{{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry |{{AUS}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015 Australia & New Zealand]]|}}
{{Medal|W|[[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023 India]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's T20 World Cup|ICC T20 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2021 UAE & Oman]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010 West Indies]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2021–2023 World Test Championship|2021-2023]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2023–2025 World Test Championship|2023–2025]]}}
}}

'''Steven Peter Devereux Smith''' (born 2 June 1989) is an Australian international [[cricket]]er, former captain of the [[Australia national cricket team|Australian national team]] in all three formats of the game and since 2021, the vice-captain of the Australian Test team. He is regarded as the best Test batsman of his generation, scoring over [[List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket|10,000 Test runs]], having reached an [[ICC Player Rankings#Batsmen and Bowlers with a peak rating of 900 points or more|ICC Test batting rating]] of 947, the second-highest figure of all time, only behind [[Don Bradman]]'s 961 and was named [[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC Men's Test Player of the Decade]] for 2011–2020.<ref>
*{{cite web |title=Steve Smith is best Test batsman of this generation: Virat Kohli. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-test-championship/steve-smith-is-best-test-batter-of-this-generation-virat-kohli/articleshow/100829733.cms |website=Times of India |access-date=29 June 2023 |date=7 June 2023}}
*{{cite web |title="Steve Smith is the best ever test batsman after Sir Don Bradman," Marnus Labuschagne makes big statement ahead of the start of Australian test summer |url=https://sportsamaze.com/news/steve-smith-is-the-best-ever-test-batsman-after-sir-don-bradman-marnus-labuschagne-makes-big-statement-ahead-of-the-start-of-australian-test-summer/ |website=SportsAmaze |access-date=29 June 2023 |date=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sl-vs-aus-smith-joins-the-10000-club-of-elite-batters-in-galle-1467449|title=Steven Smith joins the 10k club of elite batters|work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref>

Although he was initially selected for Australia as a [[leg-spin]]ning [[all-rounder]] in all formats in 2010, Smith was always earmarked as a batting prospect following successful batting campaigns in domestic cricket early in his career.<ref>*{{cite web |title=Steve Smith's early red-ball career is misunderstood. |url=https://www.theroar.com.au/2023/05/11/steve-smiths-early-red-ball-career-is-misunderstood/|website=The Roar |access-date=18 March 2024 |date=10 May 2023}}</ref> After playing five Test matches from 2010 to 2011 as a bowling all-rounder, he was recalled to the Australian Test team in 2013 as a batsman and took over the captaincy from [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] in late 2015. Smith now plays primarily as a batsman, and has predominantly batted at number 4 in Test cricket and number 3 in ODIs and T20Is.

Awards he has won include the [[Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy]] (ICC Cricketer of the Year) in 2015; [[ICC Test Player of the Year]] in 2015 and 2017; [[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC Men's Test Player of the Decade]] for 2011–2020; the [[Allan Border Medal]] for the best player in Australian Cricket in 2015, 2018, 2021 and 2023; [[Allan Border Medal#Shane Warne Men's Test Player of the Year|Australian Test Player of the Year]] in 2015 and 2018, and [[Allan Border Medal#Men's One Day International Player of the Year|Australian One Day International Player of the Year]] in 2015 and 2021. He was named by ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]'' as one of their [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|Cricketers of the Year]] in the 2016 [[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden Almanack]]. In December 2017, Smith reached an [[ICC Player Rankings#Batsmen and Bowlers with a peak rating of 900 points or more|ICC Test batting rating]] of 947, the second-highest figure of all time, only behind [[Don Bradman]]'s 961.

In March 2018, Smith as Australian captain was widely criticised for the [[2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal|ball tampering]] incident which occurred in the [[Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18|third Test against South Africa]]. During the Test, Smith stood down from the team captaincy following immediate backlash and was replaced by [[Tim Paine]]. Following an investigation by [[Cricket Australia]], Smith was banned from all international and domestic cricket in Australia for one year, and from consideration for any leadership role for an additional year.

In November 2021, Smith returned to an official Australian leadership role, as Test vice-captain starting in the [[2021–22 Ashes series]]. In December 2021, Smith returned to Test captaincy duties when [[Pat Cummins]] was unavailable due to [[COVID-19]] for the 2nd Test. He has since captained in 6 Tests for 5 wins and a draw, including Australia's only [[Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23|Test victory]] in India since 2017 when he was captain. In March 2023, Smith returned to ODI captaincy duties, he went on to captain another 13 ODIs, winning the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23|2022–23 ODI series]] vs [[India national cricket team|India]], the [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2023–24|2023–24 ODI series]] vs [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and the [[Australian cricket team in England in 2024|2024 ODI series]] v [[England cricket team|England]] and captaining Australia in the [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy]]. He retired from ODI cricket on 5 March 2025, leading Australia in his last ODI as captain.

Smith was a core member of the Australian white-ball teams that won the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015 ICC Cricket World Cup]], [[2021 ICC T20 World Cup|2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] and the [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023 ICC Cricket World Cup]] and was vice-captain of the Australia Test team that won the [[2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship|2021–23 ICC World Test Championship]].

==Early and personal life==

Steve Smith was born on 2 June 1989 in [[Kogarah, New South Wales|Kogarah]], a suburb of the [[St George, Sydney|St George region]] of [[Southern Sydney]] to an Australian father, Peter, who has a degree in chemistry,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/steve-smith-goes-from-teenage-club-sensation-to-australian-cricket-captain-20141215-127mi3.html|title=Steve Smith goes from teenage club sensation to Australian cricket captain|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=15 December 2014|first=Chris|last=Barrett|access-date=26 January 2015}}</ref> and an English mother, Gillian. Smith attended [[Menai High School]] and left at age 17 to play cricket in England.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

Because his mother was born in [[London]], Smith has dual British and Australian citizenship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/cricket/the-ashes/steve-smith-almost-played-cricket-for-england/news-story/8b98dda106523b6d52ad71a5904ace63|title=Steve Smith almost played cricket for England|date=20 November 2017|work=news.com|access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref> In 2011, Smith started dating Dani Willis, a commerce and law student at [[Macquarie University]].<ref name="smithlove">{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/how-love-turned-steve-smith-from-cricket-tragic-to-australian-test-captain-20141216-128dsf.html|title=How love turned Steve Smith from cricket tragic to Australian Test captain|date=16 December 2014|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|first=Andrew|last=Webster|access-date=26 January 2015}}</ref> In June 2017, the couple announced their engagement while on holiday in New York.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/sports-life/australian-cricket-captain-steve-smith-announces-engagement-to-dani-willis/news-story/a92a345245742068751d7a51e3826c48|date=29 June 2017|title=Australian cricket captain Steve Smith announces engagement to Dani Willis|work=news.com.au}}</ref> The couple married at [[Berrima, New South Wales]] on 15 September 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-wedding-dani-willis-married-berrima-southern-highlands-new-south-wales-nsw-ceremony/2018-09-16|date=16 September 2018|title=Smith, Willis marry in Southern Highlands|work=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia}}</ref>

Smith is a supporter of the [[Sydney Roosters]] in the [[National Rugby League]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Steve Smith and David Warner flying NRL flag in the Australian cricket team {{!}} Daily Telegraph | url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/teams/roosters/steve-smith-and-david-warner-flying-nrl-flag-in-the-australian-cricket-team/news-story/5ff721555c2656b7fc17d9a25cc202e5 | access-date=2024-12-26 | website=www.dailytelegraph.com.au}}</ref>

==Youth and domestic career==
[[File:STEVE SMITH (3072377456).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Smith fielding for New South Wales in 2008]]
During his junior years of cricket, Smith's role was primarily batting all-rounder, bowling fast-medium until the age of 15 before switching to leg-spin.<ref>*{{cite web |title=Special Q&A: Steve Smith and Virat Kohli's full chat. |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/videos/2966890/special-qa-steve-smith-and-virat-kohlis-full-chat|website=cricket.com.au |access-date=18 March 2024 |date=16 December 2020}}</ref> In 2007, Smith temporarily left Australia to play cricket in England, where he played club cricket for [[Sevenoaks Vine]] in the [[Kent Cricket League]]. His outstanding performances for Sevenoaks resulted in being selected to play for Surrey County's second XI.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/may/08/steve-smith-england-australia|title=Steve Smith spins from England's grasp to boost Australia's attack|work=The Guardian|date=9 May 2010|first=Andy|last=Bull|access-date=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/young-leg-spin-tyro-steven-smith-sets-his-sights-on-test-cricket-heights/story-e6frf9if-1225817877445|title=Young leg-spin tyro Steven Smith sets his sights on Test cricket heights|work=Herald Sun|date=11 January 2010|first=James|last=Hooper|access-date=26 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="smithwoodhill">{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/689705.html|title=Learning on the job|work=ESPNcricinfo Magazine|date=18 November 2013|first=Daniel|last=Brettig|access-date=26 January 2015}}</ref>
Smith was a member of the [[Australia national under-19 cricket team|Australian team]] at the [[2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]] in [[Malaysia]]. In the tournament he scored 114 runs and took seven wickets in four matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/u19wc2008/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=3138;type=tournament|title=Statistics batting|access-date=29 June 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/u19wc2008/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=3138;type=tournament|title=Statistics bowling|access-date=29 June 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Smith made his first-class debut for [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]] against [[Western Warriors|Western Australia]] at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground|SCG]] on 25 January 2008. He scored 33 runs in his only innings as New South Wales defeated Western Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Scorecard of New South Wales vs Western Australia, Sheffield Shield – Score Report |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8043/scorecard/298335/new-south-wales-vs-western-australia-pura-cup-2007-08 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 June 2019}}</ref> He was part of the New South Wales team that won the [[2009 Champions League Twenty20|2009 Twenty20 Champions League]]. In the final against [[Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team|Trinidad and Tobago]] at [[Hyderabad]], Smith delivered an all-round performance, scoring 33 runs with the bat and taking two wickets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Scorecard of New South Wales vs Trinidad & Tobago, Champions League Twenty20, Final – Score Report|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8082/scorecard/416946/new-south-wales-vs-trinidad-&-tobago-final-champions-league-twenty20-2009-10 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>

By the end of the 2009–10 domestic season, Smith had a first-class batting average of over 50 after 13 first-class matches. While his first-class bowling average in the high forties was not as impressive, his bowling appeared to be steadily improving following some well-publicised mentoring and praise from [[Shane Warne]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/is-that-your-real-heir-warnie-20091227-lg8x.html |title=Is that your real heir, Warnie? |author=Hogan, Jesse |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=28 December 2009 |access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref> In the final match of the season he took 7 for 64 in the second innings against [[South Australia cricket team|South Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ausdomestic-09/engine/match/417666.html |title=Scorecard: New South Wales v. South Australia at Sydney, 10–12 March 2010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref>

In October 2013, Smith as captain and No.3 batsman, led NSW to their first One-Day Final for the first time since [[2006–07 Ford Ranger One Day Cup season|2006]] when they beat South Australia. In the [[2013–14 Ryobi One-Day Cup]] Final against Queensland, Smith scored 61 runs, after QLD elected to bowl first. NSW reached a total of 317, and QLD chased it down in the final over with 5 balls left to spare in the match.<ref>{{cite web |title=Determined Queensland claim Ryobi title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ryobi-one-day-cup-2013-14-669165/new-south-wales-vs-queensland-final-669269/match-report |website=ESPN}}</ref>

In March 2014, Smith batting No.3, scored 75 and 103 not out to lead NSW to draw against Western Australia in the [[2013-14 Sheffield Shield season|2013-14 Sheffield Shield]] final in Canberra. NSW finished 1st in the season so they claimed the title, for the first time since [[2007–08 Sheffield Shield season|2007-08]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NSW claim Shield after Smith ton |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sheffield-shield-2013-14-669163/new-south-wales-vs-western-australia-final-669229/match-report |website=ESPN}}</ref>

In 2014–15, Smith did not feature in the 2014-15 domestic season, due to international commitments.

In October 2015, Smith as captain led NSW to beat South Australia in the [[2015–16 Matador BBQs One-Day Cup]] Final at [[North Sydney Oval]] with 2 catches and 84 runs, batting No.3. NSW winning by 9 wickets with 20 overs to spare with Smith and [[Ed Cowan]] remaining not out, comfortably chasing the 221 target in 29.5 overs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith, Cowan drive NSW to one-day title|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/matador-bbqs-one-day-cup-2015-16-895855/new-south-wales-vs-south-australia-final-895911/match-report |website=ESPN}}</ref> Smith was the highest run scorer of the season with 435 runs, averaging 145 with 2 hundreds, 3 fifties and a highest score of 143, striking at over 100, undismissed in 3 of the 6 matches he played.<ref>{{cite web |title=Most runs in Matador BBQs One-Day Cup, 2015/16|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/batting-most-runs-career/matador-bbqs-one-day-cup-2015-16-10263|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In October 2015, following the win in the [[2015–16 Matador BBQs One-Day Cup]] Final, Smith made his only Sheffield Shield appearance for the 2015–16 season, playing again against South Australia, Smith scored 67 in the first innings and scored 152 runs from 192 deliveries in the second innings.

In October 2016, Smith scored his third consecutive Sheffield Shield century, scoring 117 against Queensland at [[The Gabba]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NSW vs Queensland, 2nd Match at Brisbane, Oct 25 2016 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sheffield-shield-2016-17-1036353/queensland-vs-new-south-wales-2nd-match-1036373/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref> This was his 10th consecutive score of 50 or more in a Sheffield Shield match innings, dating back to the 2012-13 Sheffield Shield season, when Smith scored 90 against Queensland in Canberra, November 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=Queensland vs NSW, 17th Match at Canberra, Nov 27 2012 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sheffield-shield-2012-13-576078/new-south-wales-vs-queensland-17th-match-576098/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SHEFFIELD SHIELD MATCHES PLAYED BY STEVEN SMITH|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/113/113416/Sheffield_Shield_Matches.html|website=cricketarchive}}</ref>

In November 2017, against Western Australia in the Sheffield Shield at the [[Hurstville Oval]] Smith scored 76 from 130 in NSWs first innings, striking at 58.46 and in the second innings, scored 127 from 167, at strike rate of 76.01.<ref>{{cite web |title=NSW vs West Aust, 5th match at Sydney, Sheffield Shield, Nov 04 2017 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sheffield-shield-2017-18-1118861/new-south-wales-vs-western-australia-5th-match-1118868/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In 2018–19, Smith was banned from the domestic competitions for the 2018-19 cricket season due to [[Sandpaper Gate]].

In October 2019, Smith played his first match back in Australia since returning from his [[Sandpaper Gate]] suspension, playing for NSW against Queensland at the Gabba in the opening round of the [[2019-20 Sheffield Shield season]]. In Queensland's first innings, Smith took 2 catches and bowled 2 overs. Smith was dismissed for 0 from 5 late on day 1 by [[Cameron Gannon]], while fellow returnee Warner scored 125 runs. In Queensland's second innings, Smith again took 2 catches and bowled 6 wicket-less overs. Smith scored 21 from 31 in the second innings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Queensland vs NSW, 2nd Match at Brisbane, Marsh Shield, Oct 10 2019 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/marsh-sheffield-shield-2019-20-1196060/queensland-vs-new-south-wales-2nd-match-1196115/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In October 2019, Smith scored his first century in Australia since 2017, playing against Tasmania at the [[Drummoyne Oval]] in the Sheffield Shield, Smith scored a patient 106 runs from 258 deliveries at a strike rate of 41.08.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmania vs NSW, 4th Match at Sydney, Marsh Shield, Oct 18 2019 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/marsh-sheffield-shield-2019-20-1196060/new-south-wales-vs-tasmania-4th-match-1196117/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref> In the following One-Day Cup match, Smith returned to the NSW One-Day team for the first time since he captained the [[2015–16 Matador BBQs One-Day Cup]] Final win. Smith was out of 9 from 6 deliveries.<ref>{{cite web |title=NSW vs Tasmania, 13th Match at Sydney, Marsh Cup, Oct 23 2019 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-marsh-cup-2019-20-1196059/new-south-wales-vs-tasmania-13th-match-1196104/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In November 2019, Smith scored his 12th Sheffield Shield century, playing against Western Australia, at the SCG, Smith scored an even more patient century than the previous one against Tasmania, scoring 103 runs from 295 deliveries, at a strike rate of 34.91. Smith took 1 catch and 1 wicket in the match.<ref>{{cite web |title=NSW vs West Aust, 10th Match at Sydney, Marsh Shield, Nov 11 2019 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/marsh-sheffield-shield-2019-20-1196060/new-south-wales-vs-western-australia-10th-match-1196123/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In February 2021, Smith scored 127 runs from 124 deliveries against Victoria in the [[2020–21 Marsh One-Day Cup]] at North Sydney Oval. Smith also bowled 2 wicket-less overs with the ball.<ref>{{cite web |title=NSW vs Victoria, 1st Match at Sydney, Marsh Cup, Feb 15 2021 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-marsh-cup-2020-21-1244113/new-south-wales-vs-victoria-1st-match-1244127/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In October 2024, Smith returned to the Sheffield Shield for the first time since the 2020-21 Shield season. Playing against Victoria, batting in his customary No.3 position for NSW, Smith was out caught for 3 off 29 in the 1st innings and was out for 0 from 4, lbw to [[Scott Boland]]. Smith also made an appearance for NSW in the [[Dean Jones Trophy]] for the first time since the 2020-21 Marsh One-Day Cup. Smith scored 56 from 53 deliveries before falling lbw to [[Peter Siddle]].

In October 2025, Smith scored his 13th Sheffield Shield century, for NSW, against Queensland at the Gabba. Smith batted at No.4 for NSW for the first time since 2013, with Smith only batting No.4 once when [[Nathan Lyon]] was used as a nightwatchman in 2021 against Victoria.

In November 2025, Smith was re-instated as NSW captain. In his first game as NSW captain since 2017, against Victoria at the SCG, Smith batted fluently in both innings scoring half centuries in both innings, while the rest of his teammates struggled with the bat. Smith was undismissed in the 4th innings while he only was dismissed taking a risk while wickets fell around him in the 2nd innings. Victoria won by 300 runs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Victoria vs NSW, 10th Match at Sydney, Sheffield Shield, Nov 10 2025 - Full Scorecard|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sheffield-shield-2025-26-1495274/new-south-wales-vs-victoria-10th-match-1495288/full-scorecard|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In Australia's One-Day Domestic Competition, Smith has the second highest average of all time with 58.09, only behind [[Michael Bevan]]s 61.18 for those that have scored at least 500 runs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Highest averages For Australian Domestic One-Day Competition|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/batting-highest-career-batting-average/australian-domestic-one-day-competition-122|website=ESPN}}</ref>

===Big Bash League===

Smith made his [[Twenty20]] cricket debut for [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales]] in a match against South Australia at Adelaide on 1 January 2008 during the six team [[KFC Big Bash]] competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/298379.html |title=Scorecard: South Australia v New South Wales at Adelaide, 1 January 2008 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> Smith was the leading wicket taker at the 2008 Big Bash tournament. He took 4/15 against Queensland and finished with 9 wickets overall.<ref name=ciprofile>{{cricinfo|id=267192|name=Steven Smith|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> He was also named the second-best player of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/australia/content/current/story/342209.html |title=Katich crowned Pura Cup Player of the Year |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 March 2008|date=13 March 2008}}</ref> Smith batted across the order from 3 to 7 during the two seasons of the competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/267192.html?class=6;filter=advanced;orderby=start;template=results;trophy=124;type=batting;view=innings|title=Steve Smith Big Bash (State Competition) Batting Innings Records|work=ESPNCricInfo|date=17 January 2010}}</ref>

In 2011–12, the Australian T20 competition became the city-based [[Big Bash League]] featuring eight teams. Smith joined the [[Sydney Sixers]] and filled in as captain when Brad Haddin could not play due to Test duties,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportsnewsfirst.com.au/articles/2012/01/28/sixers-smash-scorchers-to-win-bbl/ |title=Sixers smash Scorchers to win BBL |work=Sports News First |date=28 January 2012 |access-date=9 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512062742/http://www.sportsnewsfirst.com.au/articles/2012/01/28/sixers-smash-scorchers-to-win-bbl/ |archive-date=12 May 2012}}</ref> subsequently leading the team to victory in the inaugural season. As an all-rounder, he scored 166 runs with the bat from nine matches with a strike rate of 130.71, including one half century. With the ball, he took 6 wickets at an economy rate of 8.06 per over. He also took nine catches throughout the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |first=Trevor |last=Bayliss |author-link=Trevor Bayliss |url=http://www.sydneysixers.com.au/team/player-profiles/steven-smith |title=Steven Smith – Sydney Sixers – Big Bash League |publisher=Sydney Sixers |date=6 June 2012 |access-date=9 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628072516/http://www.sydneysixers.com.au/team/player-profiles/steven-smith |archive-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> In the [[2011–12 Big Bash League season|BBL01]] final, Smith captained the Sixers to the title against the [[Perth Scorchers]] by 7 wickets while chasing down the target of 157 within 18.5 overs after the Scorchers made 5/156 in 20 overs. Smith batted at No. 4 and No.5 for the Sixers during this period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/267192.html?class=6;host=2;spanmax1=30+Jan+2035;spanval1=span;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|title=Smith T20 records|work=ESPN|date=25 June 2024}}</ref>

In October 2016, Smith took on an official ambassador role for the Sixers, given his international commitments as Australian captain in all formats, he was unable to appear in a playing capacity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sydneysixers.com.au/news/3398840/smith-becomes-clubs-official-ambassador|title=Smith becomes Club's official ambassador|work=Sydney Sixers|date=28 October 2016}}</ref>

In 2019–20, Smith returned to the Sixers in a playing capacity for the Sixers' final four matches of [[2019–20 Big Bash League season|BBL09]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/domestic-cricket/big-bash/big-bash-league-201920-steve-smith-signs-with-sydney-sixers-for-bbl-09/news-story/a8c6a2dc319cf6377af694445bb051b2|title=Steve Smith signs with Sydney Sixers for BBL 09 |work=Fox Cricket|date=14 November 2019}}</ref> Smith took on the No.3 role for the Sixers for the first time. His best performance was a man of the match performance against the Renegades, scoring 66 not out from 44 deliveries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/big-bash-league-2019-20-1195572/sydney-sixers-vs-melbourne-renegades-52nd-match-1195624/match-report|title=Josh Philippe and Steven Smith guide impressive Sydney Sixers chase|work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref> In February 2020, Smith played in the BBL09 final against the Melbourne Stars, scoring 21 runs from 12 deliveries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/big-bash-league-2019-20-1195572/sydney-sixers-vs-melbourne-stars-final-1195633/full-scorecard|title=Josh Philippe fires Sydney Sixers to second BBL title in rain-hit encounter|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref> This was Smith's second BBL title, after winning the inaugural title as captain.

In October 2020, during COVID-19, Smith ruled out playing for the Sixers during BBL10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/no-chance-of-playing-bbl-says-bubble-weary-smith-20201031-p56aaz.html|title='No chance' of playing BBL, says bubble-weary Smith |work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=30 October 2020}}</ref>

In January 2022, Cricket Australia blocked Steve Smith from playing in the BBL11 finals on a technicality that he wasn't registered in the player pool, having expected international commitments to have made him unavailable. This decision drew criticism from past players including former England captain [[Michael Vaughan]] who labelled the decision "bonkers" and [[Michael Hussey]] who said "I can't believe it." .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3318719|title='Sad for cricket': CA blocks Smith's Big Bash return|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/domestic-cricket/big-bash/bbl-2022-steve-smith-denied-place-in-finals-series-sydney-sixers-big-bash-league-schedule-teams/news-story/9f5de0c77ff3a5daa1e83877ff0fbe21|title='Wouldn't happen to LeBron in the NBA': Inside Smith's 'bonkers' BBL ban as Cricket NSW chief fumes |work=Fox Cricket|date=21 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/domestic-cricket/big-bash/bbl-2022-steve-smith-sydney-sixers-big-bash-league-cricket-news-michael-vaugh-and-mike-hussey-slam-cricket-australia/news-story/b98fc9dd37ecab750914e771fdc3dbbb|title='I can't believe it': Legends roast 'laughable' call that crushed Smith's BBL dream |work=Fox Cricket|date=21 January 2022}}</ref>

In December 2022, Smith signed a "marquee" 2-year contract to return to the Sixers for [[2022–23 Big Bash League season|BBL12]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/bbl12-steve-smith-signs-with-the-sixers-marquee-player-replacement-player-david-warner-sydney-thunder-signings-news-cricket-australia/news-story/508ffc23e625fb2f4b024dc69a543a89n|title=Smith's whopping $250k Sixers deal as blockbuster Sydney Smash firms|work=Fox Cricket}}</ref> In his first match back, Smith was promoted to open the batting for the first time in the Big Bash. Smith scored 36 runs in a 6 run win against the Scorchers. In his second match, against [[Adelaide Strikers]], Smith scored his maiden BBL century, he scored 101 runs off 56 deliveries as the Sixers won by 59 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://live.cricket.com.au/match/3034/54547/sydney-sixers-men-vs-adelaide-strikers-men-kfc-bbl-12/scorecard?_gl=1*1h8xatw*_ga*OTI0OTgyMDQzLjE2Njk3ODkxMjM.*_ga_1GQDGSTHMG*MTY3NDEwNTU4Ni4xLjEuMTY3NDEwNTYwNC4wLjAuMA. |title=Steve Smith 2 year return results in a century |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Live Cricket|date=17 January 2023}}</ref> In the next match, Smith scored back to back BBL hundreds with 125* runs off 66 deliveries against [[Sydney Thunder]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/big-bash-league-2022-23-1324623/sydney-sixers-vs-sydney-thunder-50th-match-1324673/match-report|title=Smith's career-best T20 knock puts Sixers in hunt for top spot|work=ESPNCricInfo|date=23 January 2023}}</ref>

In December 2023, Smith was only available for 2 matches of [[2023–24 Big Bash League season|BBL13]]. He produced another man of the match performance against the Renegades', scoring 61 from 42 deliveries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/big-bash-league-2023-24-1386092/sydney-sixers-vs-melbourne-renegades-2nd-match-1386095/match-report|title=Smith and Dwarshuis shine in Sixers' narrow win over Renegades|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref>

In August 2024, Smith signed a three-year contract with the Sixers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sydneysixers.com.au/news/4087920/smith-to-be-a-sixer-for-life|title=Smith to be a Sixer for life|work=Sydney Sixers|date=19 August 2024}}</ref>

In January 2025, Smith scored his 3rd BBL century, in [[2024–25 Big Bash League season|BBL14]], against the Perth Scorchers at the SCG, scoring 121 runs from 64 deliveries in a 14-run win.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/big-bash-league-2024-25-1443056/sydney-sixers-vs-perth-scorchers-30th-match-1443086/match-report|title=Smith flays 121* to send a reminder of his T20 worth |work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref> Smith backed it up with a second straight man of the match, against the Strikers, scoring 52 runs from 31 deliveries, in a 3-wicket win.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/big-bash-league-2024-25-1443056/sydney-sixers-vs-sydney-thunder-37th-match-1443093/full-scorecard|title=Steven Smith fifty sets up Sydney Sixers' nervy win over Adelaide Strikers|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref>

Smith has the most BBL centuries of all time with 4 from 35 innings and has the highest batting average in the competition's history of any player with more than 1150 runs scored.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/batting-highest-career-batting-average/big-bash-league-158|title=Highest averages For Big Bash League|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref>

===Indian Premier League===
Smith was first bought by [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] for the [[2010 Indian Premier League]] as a replacement for [[Jesse Ryder]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rising all-rounder Steven Smith has become the latest Australian to join the Indian Premier League by signing a rich deal with Bangalore.|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/cricket/steve-smith-strikes-rich-in-ipl/story-e6frey50-1225829827517|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=Sydney|access-date=6 April 2012|date=12 February 2010}}</ref> During the [[List of 2011 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2011 IPL player auction]], he was bought by [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] for $200,000,<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL auction, Day 1: Who got whom |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2012/news/IPL-auction-Day-1-Who-got-whom/iplarticleshow/7238072.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref> but he had to have an ankle operation and was not available to play for them that season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith to have ankle surgery |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/511007.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 June 2019 |date=14 April 2011}}</ref>

The next season, Kochi Tuskers were dropped from the IPL and Smith was put up for auction. He went unsold at the [[List of 2012 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2012 IPL Players Auction]], but was later bought as a replacement for [[Mitchell Marsh]] by the [[Pune Warriors India]] following Smith's good form during the Big Bash League, attracted the attention of former India Captain [[Sourav Ganguly]], and was recruited to play for the [[Pune Warriors India]] team captained by [[Sourav Ganguly]] in the 2012 [[Indian Premier League]]. Smith was also made captain of the team for one match, when Ganguly was rested, despite Australian captain [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] being the vice-captain. He continued to play for the same franchise in 2013, under the captaincy of [[Angelo Mathews]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Steven Smith replaces Mitchell Marsh in Pune squad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Steven-Smith-replaces-Mitchell-Marsh-in-Pune-squad/articleshow/12210634.cms |website=The Times of India |date=10 March 2012 |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> In his first match for his new team, he scored 39 runs off 32 balls to lead his team to victory against the [[Mumbai Indians]]. He received the Man of the Match award for this effort.<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Mumbai Indians vs Pune Warriors, Indian Premier League, 3rd match – Score Report |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/548308/mumbai-indians-vs-pune-warriors-3rd-match-indian-premier-league-2012 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>

In the auction for IPL 2014, Smith was bought by [[Rajasthan Royals]] for $600,000.<ref name=SAL>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/957061.html |title=Kohli the highest-paid cricketer in IPL |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=1 January 2016|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2014/content/story/703627.html |title=IPL franchises allowed to retain up to five players |date=24 December 2013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> Smith was given the captaincy of the Royals in the latter half of the 2015 season and led the team to significant victories, thus ensuring a berth for his team in the play-off part of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Watson hands IPL captaincy to Smith |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/chennai-super-kings-rajasthan-royals-shane-watson-james-faulkner-match-report/2015-05-10?mode=amp |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Premier League 2015 – Points Table |url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2330/indian-premier-league-2015/points-table |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>

During the 2016 IPL Auction, Smith was bought by new franchise, the [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]s for the same price as in the previous auction ($600,000),<ref name=SAL /> and struggled early for form. Smith finally broke a run of low scores against [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]], scoring 46*. His form continued as he registered his maiden T20 century against the [[Gujarat Lions]], scoring 101 off 54 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iplt20.com/news/2016/match-reports/7494/match-report-m25-rps-vs-gl|title=Match Report M25 RPS v GL|access-date=9 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502102711/http://www.iplt20.com/news/2016/match-reports/7494/match-report-m25-rps-vs-gl|archive-date=2 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> He then went on to score a further 45 against the [[Mumbai Indians]], before being ruled out of the remainder of the tournament with a wrist injury.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iplt20.com/news/2016/match-reports/7543/match-report-m29-rps-vs-mi |title=Match Report M29 RPS v MI |website=IPL |access-date=5 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313150451/http://www.iplt20.com/news/2016/match-reports/7543/match-report-m29-rps-vs-mi |archive-date=13 March 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Supergiant management axed [[MS Dhoni]] as captain and named Smith as captain for the 2017 season. In RPS's first game against [[Mumbai Indians]], Smith led his team to victory in style, scoring 84* and was awarded the Man of The Match. However, three consecutive losses left his team in last position on the points table. A total of 8 wins in 10 matches helped the Supergiants finish in the second position, and thus qualify for the playoffs, with Smith receiving praise for his captaincy from renowned cricketers and experts like [[Sunil Gavaskar]] and [[Kevin Pietersen]]. He led his team to the final with a 20-run victory over Mumbai Indians in Qualifier 1. In the final, Smith's men faced Mumbai yet again. Smith scored 51 off 50 balls but could not lead RPS to victory. Supergiants lost the match by one run.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/scorecard/1082650/mumbai-indians-vs-rising-pune-supergiant-final-ipl-2017/|title=Final (N), Indian Premier League at Hyderabad, May 21 2017 – Match Summary – ESPNcricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith was RPS's highest run scorer in the tournament, scoring 472 runs at an average of 39.33, including three 50's.<ref>{{cite web |title=Most runs in 2017 season of Indian Premier League |url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2017/most-runs |website=www.iplt20.com |access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref>

In February 2018, he was named as captain of [[Rajasthan Royals]] for the [[2018 Indian Premier League|IPL 2018]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Steve Smith named Rajasthan Royals captain|work=Cricbuzz |date=24 February 2018 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/100573/steve-smith-named-rajasthan-royals-captain-for-ipl-2018|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> However, following his admission of involvement in the Australian test team's ball tampering controversy in the Third Test in South Africa in March 2018, it was announced by the team that Smith has stood down from that role and [[Ajinkya Rahane]] took charge as the new captain for Rajasthan Royals team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/cricket/steve-smith-stands-down-as-rajasthan-royals-captain/news-story/43a40d11acd0cb7e683aca65e066707c|title=Steve Smith stood down as Rajasthan Royals skipper following ball tampering scandal|access-date=26 March 2018|work=news.com.au|date=26 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/15811/11304741/steve-smith-steps-down-as-rajasthan-royals-skipper|title=Steve Smith finds himself guilty conscious and resigned from the captaincy post for RR|access-date=26 March 2018|work=Sky Sports}}</ref>

On 28 March 2018, after being banned by Cricket Australia for his involvement in a ball tampering incident, Smith's player contract with the Royals was terminated by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] as Steve Smith and fellow Australian batsman [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] were banned from playing for their respective teams for the upcoming 2018 IPL edition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/david-warner-steve-smith-banned-ipl-2million-sunrisers-hyderabad-rajasthan-royals-ball-tampering/2018-03-28|title=IPL tear up $2.4m Warner, Smith deals|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22939978/david-warner-steven-smith-axed-ipl-2018|title=Warner and Smith axed from IPL 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/steve-smith-and-david-warner-banned-from-ipl-2018-by-bcci-over-ball-tampering-scandal-4409235.html|title=Steve Smith and David Warner banned from IPL 2018 by BCCI over ball-tampering scandal|website=FirstCricket|date=28 March 2018 |access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/cricket/938162/IPL-2018-Steve-Smith-David-Warner-OUT-competition-ball-tampering-scandal|title=IPL 2018: Steve Smith and David Warner OUT of competition for ball-tampering in HUGE blow|last=Gray|first=James|date=28 March 2018|work=Daily Express|access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref>

In November 2018, Smith was retained by [[Rajasthan Royals]] for the [[2019 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Acharya |first1=Shayan |title=IPL: Rajasthan Royals retains Steve Smith |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/rajasthan-royals-steve-smith-indian-premier-league-ipl-auctions/article25506863.ece |website=Sportstar |date=15 November 2018 |access-date=20 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2019: Rajasthan Royals retain 16 players including Steve Smith |url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/258314371/ipl-2019-rajasthan-royals-retain-16-players-including-steve-smith |website=Big News Network.com |access-date=20 January 2019}}</ref> After losing six out of first eight matches of the season, Smith was appointed as the captain of the Rajasthan Royals by replacing Ajinkya Rahane.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith takes over from Rahane as Rajasthan Royals captain |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1190191 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smith replaces Rahane as captain as Royals look for 'fresh approach' |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26564605/steven-smith-replaces-ajinkya-rahane-captain-rajasthan-royals-look-fresh-approach?platform=amp |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 April 2019 |date=20 April 2019}}</ref> In the tournament, he scored 319 runs at an average of 39.87, including three fifties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Premier League-most fifties in 2019 season |url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2019/most-fifties |website=www.iplt20.com |access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref>

He went unsold in the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2022 IPL auctions]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Derek |first=Vikas Singh |date=12 February 2022 |title=Steve Smith Goes Unsold In IPL 2022 Mega Auction |work=CricketAddictor |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/indian-premier-league-ipl-2022/steve-smith-goes-unsold-in-ipl-2022-mega-auction/ |access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref>

===Other T20 franchise cricket===

In May 2018, Smith was named as one of the ten marquee players for the [[2018 Global T20 Canada|first edition]] of the [[Global T20 Canada]] cricket tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith named as marquee player for Canada T20 tournament |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1147584.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=24 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith named as marquee player for Global T20 Canada |url=http://www.sportingnews.com/other-sports/news/steve-smith-australia-cricket-global-t20-canada-ball-scuffing-scandal/1k2lxwrnwsazj1wj8ylmuejdbm |website=www.sportingnews.com |access-date=16 July 2019 |archive-date=18 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052357/http://www.sportingnews.com/other-sports/news/steve-smith-australia-cricket-global-t20-canada-ball-scuffing-scandal/1k2lxwrnwsazj1wj8ylmuejdbm |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 3 June 2018, he was selected to play for the Toronto Nationals in the players' draft for the inaugural edition of the tournament.<ref name="Squads2">{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/global-t20-canada-league-full-squads-announced/ |title=Global T20 Canada League – Full Squads announced |work=CricTracker |access-date=4 June 2018|date=4 June 2018}}</ref> In his first representative match since his conviction for ball-tampering, Smith scored 61 runs from 41 balls alongside [[Anton Devcich]] as the Toronto Nationals won by six wickets against the Vancouver Knights.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/steve-smith-cricket-return-canada-t20-league-toronto-nationals-vancourver-knights-darren-sammy-lewis/2018-06-29|title=Smith amongst the runs in T20 return|access-date=29 June 2018|publisher=cricket.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18746/scorecard/1150156/toronto-nationals-vs-vancouver-knights-1st-match-round-1-global-t20-canada-2018|title=Scorecard Toronto Nationals Vs Vancouver Knights|access-date=29 June 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the tournament he scored 167 runs in six matches at an average of 33.40, including two fifties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12456;type=tournament|title=Statistics>Most runs-GT20Canada|date=11 July 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 July 2018}}</ref>

In July 2018, Smith was named in [[Barbados Tridents]]' squad in the sixth edition of [[Caribbean Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith joins Barbados Tridents for CPL 2018 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/788640 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=STEVE SMITH TO JOIN BARBADOS TRIDENTS FOR 2018 HERO CPL CPL T20 |url=https://www.cplt20.com/magazine-match-news-team-news/steve-smith-join-barbados-tridents-2018-hero-cpl |website=www.cplt20.com |access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>

In September 2018, Smith returned to Australian club cricket playing in the [[NSW Premier Cricket]] competition. His return was highlighted by scoring 85 off 91 balls for [[Sutherland District Cricket Club|Sutherland]] in a one-day match against [[Mosman Cricket Club|Mosman]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/45611764 |title=David Warner & Steve Smith: Banned duo make club cricket return in Australia |newspaper=BBC Sport |access-date=21 October 2018|date=22 September 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, he was named as one of the fourteen Platinum category players for the [[2019 Pakistan Super League|fourth edition]] of the [[Pakistan Super League]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pakistansuperleaguepsl.com/psl-draft|title=PSL 4 Draft – Auction Categories and Players List|date=30 September 2018|work=Pakistan Super League Draft|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smith set for Pakistan Super League |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-nominates-for-pakistan-super-league-psl-ab-de-villiers/2018-10-04 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1436780/ab-de-villiers-steve-smith-headline-star-studded-psl-2019-platinum-category|title=Steve Smith, AB de Villiers headline star-studded PSL 2019 Platinum category|first=Mohammad Abubakar|last=Bilal|date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In December 2018, Smith was named in [[Comilla Victorians]]' squad in the sixth edition of [[Bangladesh Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BCB changes rules to let Steven Smith play in the BPL |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25623917/bcb-changes-rules-let-steven-smith-play-bpl |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 January 2019 |date=27 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith joins Comilla Victorians for BPL 2019 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25391134/steven-smith-joins-comilla-victorians-bpl-2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 January 2019 |date=27 November 2018}}</ref> He played only two matches of the tournament before returning to Australia for elbow surgery.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith international return date in doubt due to elbow surgery |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25740946/steven-smith-international-return-date-doubt-due-elbow-surgery |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 January 2019 |date=12 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith comeback to be delayed by elbow surgery |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/46849437 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=20 January 2019 |date=12 January 2019}}</ref>

In April 2024, Smith signed with [[Washington Freedom (cricket)|Washington Freedom]] to feature in the second edition of [[Major League Cricket|Major League Cricket (MLC)]]. He was named as captain and in July 2024, Smith led the team to victory in the [[2024 Major League Cricket final|2024 MLC Final]]. Smith was subsequently awarded the Player of the match award, scoring 88 runs off 52 deliveries, with head coach [[Ricky Ponting]] stating post-game that Smith almost won the game by himself with his bat and with his captaincy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith, Maxwell star in Washington Freedom's emphatic title win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/major-league-cricket-2024-1432722/washington-freedom-vs-san-francisco-unicorns-final-1432750/match-report |website=ESPN}}</ref>

===English domestic cricket===

In June 2010, Smith played 5 matches in the [[2010 Twenty20 Cup]] for [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]. Smith scored 67 runs from 4 innings batting No.5 and picked up 6 wickets.

In October 2019, Smith alongside Australia teammate [[Mitchell Starc]] was selected by the [[Welsh Fire]] for the inaugural [[The Hundred (cricket)|The Hundred]] season in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Hundred: Welsh Fire pick Steve Smith and Mitchell Starc|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/50119125|website=BBC}}</ref>

In February 2020, Smith was appointed as the inaugural Welsh Fire captain for the inaugural season of The Hundred.<ref>{{cite web |title=STEVE SMITH NAMED WELSH FIRE CAPTAIN FOR THE HUNDRED|url=https://glamorgancricket.com/news/steve-smith-named-welsh-fire-captain-for-the-hundred|website=Glamorgan Cricket}}</ref>

In May 2020, The Hundred was postponed for a year due to COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Hundred postponed as English uncertainty grows|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3306314/the-hundred-postponed-as-english-uncertainty-grows|website=Cricket.com.au}}</ref>

In February 2021, Smith, along with Starc opted against playing in The Hundred.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shakib, Warner, Pollard, Pooran, de Kock among overseas players in the Hundred draft|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-hundred-draft-2021-shakib-warner-pollard-pooran-de-kock-among-overseas-players-in-the-hundred-draft-1252122|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In January 2023, Smith signed a short-term deal with [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] for three games in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith signs for three Championship games with Sussex|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australias-steven-smith-signs-for-2023-ashes-warm-up-spell-with-sussex-1354703|website=ESPN}}</ref>

In May 2023, Smith made his debut for Sussex in the [[County Championship]] against Worcestershire, batting at No.5, Smith scored 30 runs, took 3 catches and bowled 2.4 overs in a draw. Against Leicestershire, Smith only managed to score 3 runs before he was out lbw. He took 1 catch and bowled 1 over, with the match resulting in another draw. In his third match for Sussex, against Glamorgan, Smith scored 89 runs before he was again out lbw. He bowled 10.5 overs, taking 2 wickets, and bowled 2 maidens, along with taking 2 catches in the field.

In February 2025, Smith again signed with the Welsh Fire.<ref>{{cite web |title=STEVE SMITH TO PLAY AT SOPHIA GARDENS IN 2025 WITH WELSH FIRE|url=https://glamorgancricket.com/news/steve-smith-to-play-at-sophia-gardens-with-welsh-fire|website=Glamorgan Cricket}}</ref>

In August 2025, Smith made his debut in The Hundred, playing all 8 matches with the Fire failing to reach the finals. Smith opened the batting but struggled to make a big impact, with a highest score of 47 not out from 36 deliveries.

== International career ==

=== 2010–2011: Debut and early international career ===
Steve Smith made his international cricket debut in a [[Twenty20 International]] match playing as a leg spinner against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] at [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|Melbourne]] in February 2010. The same month, he made his [[One Day International]] debut against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] also at Melbourne, playing in the fifth match of the series.<ref name=ciprofile/>

In the [[2010 ICC World Twenty20]] competition held in the West Indies, Australia finished runners up to England. Smith took 11 wickets in seven matches at an average of 14.81 to finish as the equal-second-highest wicket-taker of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=ICC World Twenty20, 2010 Cricket Team Records & Stats-most wickets |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/world-twenty20-2010/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=5195;type=tournament |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 June 2019}}</ref>

Smith made his [[Test cricket|Test]] debut at [[Lord's]] in July 2010, playing both Tests against Pakistan in the [[Australian cricket team against Pakistan in England in 2010|2010 Test series played in England]].<ref name=ciprofile/> He was selected mainly for his bowling, and batted down the order, although his bowling was not required in the first innings. In the second innings, he took 3 wickets for 51 as Australia won by 150 runs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/426394.html |title=Scorecard: 1st Test: Australia v. Pakistan at Lord's, 13–16 July 2010 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> In the second Test he was called to bowl only ten overs and took no wickets, although he played an impressive role with the bat in the second innings. Batting with the tail, he scored 77 including nine fours and two sixes off successive balls, helping Australia to set a competitive target after having been bowled out for 88 in the first innings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan-v-australia-2010/engine/match/426395.html |title=Scorecard: 2nd Test: Australia v. Pakistan at Headingley, 21–24 July 2010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 January 2015}}</ref>

Smith's fielding attracted attention during the 2009–10 season with some spectacular catches in the outfield.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/cricket/super-leg-spinner-catches-the-eye/story-e6frey50-1225834068179 |title=Super leg-spinner catches the eye |work=The Daily Telegraph|location=Sydney |access-date=9 August 2013|date=24 February 2010}}</ref>

In the 2010–11 Australian summer, Smith played three Tests in the [[2010–11 Ashes series]], this time playing more as a batsman, taking the number six spot in the order. His performances were solid during the series, getting a number of starts and scoring two half centuries. Following the 2010–11 Ashes, Smith did not play another Test for two years, his next Test series coming against India in March 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22022087/steven-smith-lucky-break|title=Steven Smith's lucky break|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 March 2018|date=14 March 2013}}</ref>

=== 2013–15: Return and breakthrough ===

==== Tour of India and back-to-back Ashes 2013–14 ====
{{Main|2012–13 Border–Gavaskar Trophy |2013 Ashes series|2013-14 Ashes series}}
Smith's return to the test team came during the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2012–13|2013 tour of India]]. In the previous two Sheffield seasons his form had been middling, averaging 37, but he was chosen for the 17-man squad, primarily as a backup batsman, rather than an allrounder as he had been in the Test team previously.<ref name="Smith India 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/content/story/624959.html|title=Steven Smith's lucky break|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016|date=14 March 2013}}</ref> Smith was selected for the third test in Mohali, his first in over two years, when four players were dropped for "not doing their homework", in a scandal known as [[Homeworkgate]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-21767567|title=Australia cricket: 'Homework failure' sparks debate|newspaper=BBC News |access-date=24 December 2016|date=13 March 2013|last1=Bryant|first1=Nick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/content/story/624494.html|title=Watson leaves tour after Australia axe four|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016|date=11 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/cricket/australia-send-four-players-home-1756816|title=Frown Under: Dressing room unrest leaves Australia in turmoil|website=Daily Mirror|access-date=24 December 2016|date=11 March 2013}}</ref>

In his first Test innings in India, batting at No.5 for the first time in Test cricket, he scored 92 before being stumped by Dhoni from a delivery by [[Pragyan Ojha]], and in the second innings he managed 5 runs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Scorecard of India vs Australia 3rd Test 2013 – Score Report |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12214/scorecard/598814/india-vs-australia-3rd-test-australia-tour-of-india-2012-13 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The evolution of Steven Smith |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-india-2014-15/content/story/811903.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 June 2019 |date=19 December 2014}}</ref> In the final Test match at Delhi, Smith made 46 and 18 runs, respectively, but Australia was unable to win the Test match as India secured a 4–0 series win.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2013/engine/series/598808.html|title=Results – India v Australia – ESPNcricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Following the defeat to India, Australia's next series was against England in the British Isles in July. Although the squad for the [[2013 Ashes series|2013 Ashes]] was finalised in April, Smith was the vice-captain of Australia's A team and was later called into the main squad after showing some promise in the Australia's A tour to the United Kingdom in June where he made 133 runs against Ireland in Belfast but also as a backup batsman due to Michael Clarke's fitness concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ireland/content/story/642021.html|title=Smith lifts Australians after top-order trouble|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016|date=14 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/23024460|title=Ashes 2013: Australia add Steve Smith to squad|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=24 December 2016|date=23 June 2013}}</ref> He played his first-class tour match with the main squad on 2 July 2013 in Worcester making 111 runs in both innings combined. In the first Test match at [[Trent Bridge]] he made a half century in his first innings but fell cheaply in the second innings getting out lbw to [[Graeme Swann]]. While making little impact at Lord's, Smith produced a century at Hove against Sussex on 27 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2013/content/story/655769.html|title=Taylor and Bird make Test auditions|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016|date=27 July 2013}}</ref>

In the third Test being 2–0 down to England, Australia moved up north to [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]] in Manchester needing to win or draw to save the series. Smith made 89 and 19 runs, respectively, but the third Test match stirred controversy about the on-field umpire's decisions and DRS (Decision Review System) causing Smith to survive on two occasions and his teammate [[Usman Khawaja]] to be dismissed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/aug/01/third-umpire-appeal-ashes-australia|title=Ashes 2013: Umpire howler in third Test leaves Australia furious|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=24 December 2016|date=August 2013|author=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-08-02/drs-flashpoints-at-the-ashes-2013/4860796|title=The Ashes 2013: DRS flashpoints and controversial umpire decisions|work=ABC News|access-date=24 December 2016|date=2 August 2013}}</ref> In the final Test, Smith scored his maiden Test century, which came in the first innings of the last Test of the series at [[The Oval]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Full Scorecard of England vs Australia 5th Test 2013 – Score Report |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12088/scorecard/566936/england-vs-australia-5th-test-australia-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2013 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 June 2019}}</ref> reaching the total in style by hitting a six off the bowling of [[Jonathan Trott]]. He remained unbeaten on 138.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs England 5th Test 2013 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12088/scorecard/566936/england-vs-australia-5th-test-australia-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2013|access-date=3 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith became only the sixth Australian to reach his maiden Test 100 with a six.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/23786923/7.app|title=England v Australia fifth Test day two as it happened|date=22 August 2013|last1=Higginson|first1=Marc|first2=Mark|last2=Mitchener|work=BBC Sport|access-date=14 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114081148/http://m.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/23786923/7.app|archive-date=14 January 2015}}</ref> At the end of the series, the urn was retained by England after winning the series 3–0. Smith played in all five Tests, scoring 345 runs at an average of 38.33.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Smith remained in the team for the first Test of [[2013–14 Ashes series]] in Brisbane.<ref>{{cite web|first=Brydon |last=Coverdale|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2013-14/content/story/687669.html|date=12 November 2013|title=Bailey named in Test squad|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016}}</ref> Despite starting slowly in the first two Tests, Smith produced his first Test century on home soil in the third Test at Perth, scoring 111 from 208 balls,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scorecard – 2013–2014 The Ashes – 13/12/2013|url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Matches/MatchScorecard.asp?MatchCode=2126|access-date=3 December 2020|website=www.howstat.com}}</ref> helping Australia display a total of 6–326 at stumps on the second day to later win the Test match and be awarded man of the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-13/smith-rescues-australia-with-crucial-ton/5156664|title=The Ashes: Steven Smith rescues Australia with century to edge England on day one of third Test|publisher=ABC News|access-date=24 December 2016|date=13 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2013-14/content/story/699835.html|title=Smith stands up with hugely significant innings| publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016|date=13 December 2013}}</ref> It was during this innings at the [[WACA Ground|WACA]] which he decided to take a "prelim movement back and across" to counter short-pitched bowling<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/steve-smith-technically-different-statistically-better-20190808-p52f8l.html|title=Steve Smith: technically different, statistically better|last=Cherny|first=Daniel|date=13 August 2019|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> and has even exaggerated it, according to Smith, "I was probably batting on middle and leg and going to middle at that point ... I've sort of moved things a little bit across to leg stump and now I'm going just outside off stump".<ref name=":1" /> Smith remarked "Everything sort of just clicked into place and it felt really good so I've continued doing it".<ref name=":1" /> Despite his success in the first innings, he mistimed a pull shot in the second innings, the ball caught in the deep by substitute fielder Bairstow off Ben Stokes' bowling, being dismissed for 15 from 50 deliveries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scorecard – 2013–2014 The Ashes – 13/12/2013|url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Matches/MatchScorecard.asp?MatchCode=2126|access-date=3 December 2020|website=www.howstat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Full WACA Test Highlights – YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-G3weE6NUMo| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/-G3weE6NUMo| archive-date=7 November 2021 | url-status=live|access-date=3 December 2020|website=www.youtube.com| date=17 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In the fourth Test at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|MCG]] he was dismissed on 19 by [[Stuart Broad]], but made another century with 115 runs from 154 deliveries in the first innings of the fifth and final Test at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground|SCG]]. His 128-run partnership with [[Brad Haddin]] helped Australia come back from 5–97 to 326 all out in the first innings and eventually went on to win the Test match by 281 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-03/haddin2c-smith-rescue-aussie-innings/5184190|title=The Ashes: Brad Haddin, Steve Smith rescue Australia's innings in fifth Test at SCG|publisher=ABC News|access-date=24 December 2016|date=3 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-05/australia-completes-ashes-clean-sweep/5185418|title=The Ashes: Australia completes series whitewash with fifth Test win at SCG|publisher=ABC News|access-date=24 December 2016|date=5 January 2014}}</ref> The victory in Sydney marked a 5–0 victory towards Australia after a dismal 3–0 loss during the winter period of 2013. Smith made two centuries with a total of 327 runs at an average of 36. Smith played just one ODI match during England's tour during 2013–14, in the 4th ODI at Perth where he made 19 runs.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== Tour of South Africa 2014 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2013–14}}

Following a 5–0 victory against England in the Ashes, Australia were scheduled [[Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2013–14|three Test matches and three T20 matches in South Africa]]. In the first Test at [[SuperSport Park|Centurion]], Johannesburg, Smith made his fourth century and first in South Africa, where he and [[Shaun Marsh]] made a 233 run partnership from 4–98.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/centuries-by-steve-smith-and-shaun-marsh-mean-no-brad-haddin-rescue-mission-needed/news-story/daea5d76820a777d30c113f05f0ed975|title=Centuries by Steve Smith and Shaun Marsh mean no Brad Haddin rescue mission needed|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=Sydney|access-date=24 December 2016|date=13 February 2014}}</ref> Smith was not required in the second innings and Australia won the Test by 281 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-16/johnson-runs-riot-as-australia-wins-first-test/5262682|title=Mitchell Johnson takes 12 wickets as Australia beats South Africa in first Test in Centurion|publisher=ABC News|access-date=24 December 2016|date=15 February 2014}}</ref> The second Test in Port Elizabeth saw a slower pitch as Smith made 49 and a duck and South Africa levelled the series 1–1. In the deciding Test match in Cape Town, Smith made 84 runs from 155 deliveries in the first innings and finished 36 not out in the second innings as Australia won the series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-06/australia-seals-test-series-with-245-run-victory/5301758|title=Australia beats South Africa by 245 runs to win third Test in Cape Town, clinches series 2–1|work=Fox Sports|access-date=24 December 2016|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> Steve Smith produced 269 runs at an average of 67.25, the third-best in the series and the second-best by an Australian, second to David Warner.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Australia in South Africa Test Series, 2013/14 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=8275&type=series|access-date=8 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== Tri-Series in Zimbabwe and the UAE 2014 ====
{{Main|2014 Zimbabwe Tri-Series}}

The five-month break from cricket activity saw a surprise pick of Smith called up for the [[2014 Zimbabwe Tri-Series]] on the August 2014. Smith prior to the tour had two ODI matches in the last two years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe-triangular-series-2014/content/story/766763.html|title=Lyon back in Australia's ODI squad|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016|date=4 August 2014}}</ref> In his first match against Zimbabwe, he was run out by [[Sikandar Raza]]. He made scores in his thirties in his participating matches but only made 10 runs in the final against South Africa on 6 September, where South Africa went on to win the Tri-Series.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

The squad later travelled to the UAE to face Pakistan in a [[Australian cricket team against Pakistan in the UAE in 2014–15|T20 Match, three ODIs and two Tests]]. In the first and only T20 match, Pakistan won the toss and made 96 runs in their allotment of 20 overs, setting Australia a target of 97 runs to win.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Pakistan vs Australia Only T20I 2014 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11581/scorecard/727917/australia-vs-pakistan-only-t20i-australia-tour-of-united-arab-emirates-2014-15|access-date=8 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith made three runs before being dismissed. Despite this, Australia won by six wickets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 October 2014|title=Australia tour of UAE 2014: Glenn Maxwell says Australia are one of the best in T20 format|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/australia-tour-of-uae-2014-glenn-maxwell-says-australia-are-one-of-the-best-in-t20-format-195947|access-date=8 December 2020|website=Cricket Country}}</ref>

Following the T20 came the 3-match ODI series. In the first ODI at [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], Smith made his first ODI century scoring 101 runs off 118 balls to push the visitors to a 1–0 lead in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan-v-australia-2014/content/story/787759.html|title=Smith ton sets up big Australia win|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016|date=7 October 2014}}</ref> In the second ODI he made 12 runs and in the third and final ODI he made 77 runs off 105 balls to win the ODI match by 1 run. However, during the match, Steve Smith's catch on [[Fawad Alam]] questioned whether his catch was within the ICC laws. The incident occurred when in the 18th over of Pakistan's chase of 231 where [[Xavier Doherty]] delivered the ball and before Fawad made contact with his paddle sweep, Smith had moved from first slip towards leg slip to intercept the shot. The legality of the catch continued to be the main talking point after the ODI Series and afterwards ICC made a press statement stating that: "As long as the movement of a close catching fielder is in response to the striker's actions (the shot he/she is about to play or shaping to play), then movement is permitted before the ball reaches the striker. On the day, if umpires believe any form of significant movement is unfair (in an attempt to deceive the batsman), then the Law still applies."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan-v-australia-2014/content/story/789015.html|title=Why Smith's catch to dismiss Fawad was allowed|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 December 2016|date=13 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/steven-smiths-controversial-catch-to-dismiss-fawad-alam-a-frame-by-frame-analysis-198468|title=Steven Smith's controversial catch to dismiss Fawad Alam: A frame-by-frame analysis|website=cricketcountry.com|date=12 October 2014 |publisher=India Webportal|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref> The win saw Australia rise back to number one in the ICC ODI Rankings and Steve Smith was made man of the series for his batting performances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan-v-australia-2014/content/story/788771.html|title=Australia turn tables for one-run win|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 December 2016|date=12 October 2014}}</ref>

Transitioning into the Test series saw Australia's continued failure against reverse swing and spin in the subcontinent. In the warm-up match against Pakistan A in Sharjah, Australia lost by 153 runs where Smith made 58 but retired out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan-v-australia-2014/content/story/790305.html|title=Australians done by spin, reverse swing|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 December 2016|date=18 October 2014}}</ref> In the first Test in Dubai, Smith made 22 runs in the first innings and 55 runs in the second innings but collectively lost the Test match by 221 runs. In the second Test, Smith made a duck and 97 runs but Australia's woes against spin continued as Australia lost by 356 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/pakistan-v-australia-second-test-day-five-match-report/2014-11-04|title=Pakistan complete 2–0 series sweep|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref> In the series he made 174 runs at an average of 43.5.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== South Africa and India in Australia 2014–15 ====
{{Main|South African cricket team in Australia in 2014–15|Indian cricket team in Australia in 2014–15}}

Arriving back from the subcontinent following their 2–0 Test defeat against Pakistan. Smith played in the [[South African cricket team in Australia in 2014–15|series against South Africa]] where Australia defeated South Africa 4–1 in the ODI Series. He missed the first match due to selectors picking Shane Watson instead but later joined the remainder of the games due to [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]]'s hamstring injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-south-africa-2014-15/content/story/799627.html|title=Australia look to keep momentum in Clarke's absence|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 December 2016|date=15 November 2014}}</ref> In his first match in Perth he registered 10 runs but in the following games he made 73*, 104 and 67 runs. His hundred in the 4th ODI at the MCG was Smith's first on Australian soil. Smith scored 254 runs at an average of 84.66, the highest Australian total in the series and consequently receiving the man of the series award.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa in Australia ODI Series, 2014/15 Cricket Team Records & Stats (Most runs) |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=9319;type=series |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref>

India arrived in Australia to play the Border–Gavaskar [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2014–15|Test match series]] and a tri-series ODI competition with England. The first Test was scheduled to begin on 4 December in Brisbane, but was later postponed because of the death of [[Phillip Hughes]]. The first Test was later rescheduled to the [[Adelaide Oval]] on 9 December and Brisbane would be hosting the second Test on 17 December.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/754713.html?template=fixtures |title=Border–Gavaskar Trophy, 2014/15 |access-date=3 September 2014 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the first Test match in Adelaide, the Australian players wore Hughes' Test cap number 408 on their playing shirts for the match as well as black armbands in honour of their former teammate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/first-test-to-honour-phillip-hughes/2014-12-07|title=First Test to honour Phillip Hughes|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref> In the first Test match in Adelaide, Smith scored 162* from 298 balls in the first and made 52* in the second innings, defeating India by 48 runs on day five.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 1st Test 2014 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8525/scorecard/754737/australia-vs-india-1st-test-border-gavaskar-trophy-2014-15|access-date=8 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> This also marked Steve Smith's first Test century against India and at the [[Adelaide Oval]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

On 15 December, Smith was named Australia's new vice-captain and following an injury to Michael Clarke, he was appointed stand-in skipper against India with Brad Haddin as his deputy.<ref name=captain>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-captain-australia-india-series-vice-captain/2014-12-15|title=Smith to captain Australia for Test series against India|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> He made his captaincy debut for Australia in the Second Test match against India at the Gabba.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketaustralia.com.au/media/media-releases/ca-announce-australia-test-team-leadership-changes/2014-12-15 |title=CA announce Australia Test team leadership changes |publisher=[[Cricket Australia]] |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219062650/http://www.cricketaustralia.com.au/media/media-releases/ca-announce-australia-test-team-leadership-changes/2014-12-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
He continued his batting form and made 133 runs in the first innings before being run-out in the second innings with a score of 28. Smith was awarded man of the match as Australia defeated India by 4 wickets. Australia were then up 2–0 in the series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of India vs Australia 2nd Test 2014 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8525/scorecard/754739/australia-vs-india-2nd-test-border-gavaskar-trophy-2014-15|access-date=8 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the third Test at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], Smith made his third consecutive century in the first innings of the Test match scoring 192 runs from 433 balls. He also scored his 1,000th run in the 2014 calendar year, and became the eighth-fastest Australian to reach 2000 Test runs, beating previous Australian captains such as [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] and [[Ricky Ponting]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/australia-v-india-steve-smith-scores-192-at-mcg-six-amazing-statistics/story-fn2mcu3x-1227167936718 |title=Australia v India: Steve Smith scores 192 at MCG, six amazing statistics |work=Fox Sports|date=27 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref>

The final Test match at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] saw Smith in his fourth consecutive century against India. The achievement saw Smith join [[Don Bradman]] (6), [[Neil Harvey]], [[Jack Fingleton]] and [[Matthew Hayden]] (4 each) as Australian centurions in four or more consecutive Tests, a streak Smith started during the 1st Test at Adelaide. Smith also became the first Australian skipper to open their captaincy with three consecutive centuries, and the second batsman since [[Jacques Kallis]] against West Indies to score a century in every match of a Test series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-india-2014-15/content/current/story/817571.html |title=Australia on top after making 572 |author=Coverdale, Brydon |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=7 January 2015 |access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> The Test match ended in a draw as Australia defeated India 2–0 in the series, thus returning the [[Border–Gavaskar Trophy]] to Australia. The conclusion of the Test series saw Smith be given the man of the series award, scoring 769 runs at an average of 128.16, the highest aggregate score in a four-test match series in Australia and also marked the highest number of runs scored against India by an Australian, surpassing [[Donald Bradman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-india-statistics-analysis-day-four-sydney-test/2015-01-10|title=Skipper Smith joins all-time greats|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-steve-smith-surpasses-don-bradman-s-record-in-sydney-test-becomes-highest-australian-run-getter-in-test-series-against-india-2051093 |title=Steve Smith surpasses Don Bradman's record in Sydney Test; becomes highest Australian run-getter in Test series against India |date=9 January 2015 |work=DNA India |access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref>

Following the Test series, an ODI tri-series with India and England was confirmed in preparation for the upcoming Cricket World Cup hosted by Australia and New Zealand.
In his first ODI match against England in Sydney, he was dismissed at 37 runs by [[Moeen Ali]] but continued to provide runs in the following matches leading to the final against England. En route to the tri-series final, Smith was handed his first ODI match on 20 January as the skipper after [[George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982)|George Bailey]] was suspended for a slow-over rate earlier in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-odi-captain-cameron-white-shaun-marsh-called-up-australia-squad-hobart-v-england/2015-01-20|title=Smith to skipper as White and Marsh added to ODI squad|first=Dave|last=Middleton|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> Three days later, Smith scored his first ODI century against England producing 102 runs in 95 balls; the win saw Australia qualify for the final<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/carlton-mid-triangular-series-2015/content/story/823143.html|title=Smith ton leads Australia to final|first=Brydon|last=Coverdale|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=23 January 2015}}</ref> and later defeating England to win the [[Carlton Mid Triangular Series in Australia in 2014–15|Carlton Mid Triangular Series in Australia 2014–15]].{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== Cricket World Cup in Australia 2015 ====
{{Main|2015 Cricket World Cup}}
In the World Cup, Smith played a vital role as versatile batsman as he played in numerous batting positions from number three down to as a middle-order batsman. In Australia's opening match of the World Cup, against [[England cricket team|England]], he was dismissed early on 5 but later improved as the tournament progressed. After making half centuries against Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Pakistan, he later steered Australia into the final after making a century against India in the semi-finals at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/mar/26/australia-india-cricket-world-cup-semi-final-match-report|title=Steve Smith century helps Australia crush India to reach World Cup final|first=Vic|last=Marks|author-link=Vic Marks|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 December 2016|date=26 March 2015}}</ref> In the final, Australia drew against fellow neighbours New Zealand after defeating South Africa. Australia's target to chase 183 runs after a New Zealand collapse saw Steve Smith score 58 not out alongside the skipper, [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] as Australia won by 7 wickets with 101 balls remaining.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/1006053.html|title=Australia v New Zealand|first=Steven |last=Lynch|via=ESPNcricinfo|work=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|access-date=26 December 2016|date=30 April 2016}}</ref> Smith was Australia's highest run scorer in the tournament, scoring 402 runs at an average of 67, including a century and four fifties.<ref name="WC2015">{{cite web |title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2014/15 Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6537;type=tournament |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> He was named in the team of the tournament for the 2015 World Cup by the ICC.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bilton |first1=Dean |title=World Cup team of the tournament revealed |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-30/world-cup-team-of-the-tournament-revealed/6358716 |website=ABC News |access-date=17 July 2019 |date=30 March 2015}}</ref> He was also named in the team of the tournament by ESPNcricinfo and Cricbuzz.<ref>{{cite web |title=NZ 5, Australia 4 in our World Cup team |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015/content/story/857187.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 July 2019 |date=30 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2015: Cricbuzz team of the tournament |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/71431/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015-cricbuzz-team-of-the-tournament |website=Cricbuzz |date=31 March 2015 |access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>

==== Tour of the West Indies 2015 ====
{{main|Australian cricket team in the West Indies in 2015}}
After winning the World Cup in March, Australia's winter schedule was later released with the Test team returned from their short break towards their two Test series against the West Indies in the Caribbean. Due to IPL commitments, Smith missed out on Australia's maiden warm up match against the West Indies Cricket Board President's XI on 27 May. He later joined the Test squad in the first Test match in [[Windsor Park (Dominica)|Windsor Park]], and scored 25 and 5 runs, respectively. In the second Test match in [[Sabina Park]], Smith steered Australia to a first innings score of 399, where he made 199 and became the eighth man in Test history to be dismissed on 199.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/west-indies-v-australia-steve-smith-199-sees-him-join-unwanted-exclusive-club/news-story/420d845f7dfe9241dd3be504b2f24861?nk=e83fdddd486be5df61af2f999b8a1693-1483087148|title=West Indies v Australia: Steve Smith 199 sees him join unwanted exclusive club|first=Greg|last=Buckle|work=Fox Sports|access-date=30 December 2016|date=12 June 2015}}</ref> Australia later won the match in positive fashion, beating the West Indies by 277 runs within four days and retained the Frank Worrell Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/west-indies-v-australia-2015/content/story/887731.html|title=Australia complete 277-run demolition|first=George|last=Binoy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=14 June 2015|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> After his man of the match effort against the West Indies in the second Test, Smith became the second-youngest player ever to reach the number 1 ICC Test batsmen ranking and just the eighth Australian to do so.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-number-one-in-the-world-key-stats-in-purple-patch-test-matches/2015-06-16|title=Smith's numbers up there with best ever|date=16 June 2015 |work=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref>

==== Ashes in England 2015 ====
{{main|2015 Ashes series}}
[[File:SPDSmith.png|thumb|right|upright=0.8|Smith fielding for Australia in the 2nd Test of the [[2015 Ashes series|2015 Ashes]]]]
The 2–0 victory against the West Indies gave Australia some momentum into the long-awaited Ashes series in the British Isles. While Australia's last Ashes tour was in 2013, the emergence of England's [[Joe Root]] and Australia's Steve Smith saw an awaited clash to determine the better batsman in the upcoming series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/16303/9900235/joe-root-v-steve-smith-ashes-2015-stars-assessed-by-nasser-hussain|title=Joe Root v Steve Smith: Ashes 2015 stars assessed by Nasser Hussain|first=Nasser|last=Hussain|author-link=Nasser Hussain|work=skysports.com|date=8 July 2015|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/the-ashes-2015-englands-joe-root-and-australias-steve-smith-will-determine-ashes-says-macgill/news-story/3264bef92b5d95d607afeebfacc6f2d3?nk=e83fdddd486be5df61af2f999b8a1693-1483090830|title=The Ashes 2015: England's Joe Root and Australia's Steve Smith will determine Ashes, says MacGill|first=Stuart|last=MacGill|author-link=Stuart MacGill|work=Fox Sports|access-date=30 December 2016|date=8 July 2015}}</ref> With the Australians in good form and England drawing to New Zealand and West Indies gave Australia some confidence to the countdown to the first Test in Cardiff. Smith started positively in his first-class match with a century against Kent in Canterbury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2015/content/story/891621.html|title=Confident Smith limbers up for Ashes|first=Daniel|last=Brettig|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=26 June 2015|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> He was rested for the second first-class match and in the first Test match in Cardiff, Smith made 33 in both innings as England took a 1–0 lead in the series.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In the second Test at [[Lord's]], Smith produced 215 runs in his first innings, his highest Test score and became the first Australian to score a double-ton at Lord's since World War II. His double century also saw Smith pass 3000 Test runs, the third-youngest Australia to reach the feat.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/ashes-2015-steve-smith-hits-11th-test-ton-thanks-to-steven-finn-noball/news-story/251c86b81d42450e0a08f3ca1ab34072?nk=e83fdddd486be5df61af2f999b8a1693-1483092926 |title=Ashes 2015: Steve Smith hits 11th Test ton thanks to Steven Finn no-ball |work=Fox Sports |date=18 July 2015 |access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/the-ashes/ashes-2015-steve-smith-scores-double-century-nine-years-after-visit-to-lords-as-teen-20150717-gif5vt.html |title=Ashes 2015: Steve Smith scores double century nine years after visit to Lord's as teen |first=Chris |last=Barrett |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=18 July 2015 |access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> In his second innings he made 58 runs before Australia levelled the series in a 405 run rout.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In the third Test in Edgbaston, Smith made 7 and 8 runs, respectively, both dismissed by [[Steven Finn]], as England take a 2–1 lead into the series. In the fourth Test in [[Trent Bridge]], Australia needed a win to draw the series. With overcast conditions and a green top, Alastair Cook won the toss and elected to field. In the first innings, Smith was dismissed again cheaply by [[Stuart Broad]] with a score of 6, as Australia capitulated in the first session of a total 60 runs from 18.3 overs. It was the quickest—in terms of balls faced—a team has been bowled out in the first innings of a Test match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/33723587|title=Ashes 2015: Stuart Broad takes 8–15 as England eye Ashes win|first=Phil|last=Dawkes|work=BBC Sport|date=6 August 2016|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> In the second innings, Smith was again caught by [[Ben Stokes]] in the slips from Stuart Broad with a meagre score of 5. England within three days regained the Ashes and took an unassailable 3–1 lead and critics began to question Smith's performances in seaming conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-08/steve-smith-slated-for-throwing-wicket-away-at-trent-bridge/6682538|title=Ashes 2015: Australian Test greats Shane Warne and Ricky Ponting blast Steve Smith for throwing his wicket away on day two at Trent Bridge|publisher=ABC News|date=8 August 2015|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/ashes-2015-geoffrey-boycott-leads-english-medias-dismantling-of-australia/news-story/d6f08ce56ceafd1092b540b5ca42e420?nk=e83fdddd486be5df61af2f999b8a1693-1483097436|title=Ashes 2015: Geoffrey Boycott leads English media's dismantling of Australia|work=Fox Sports|date=8 August 2015|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> Into the fifth and final Test match back at [[The Oval]], Smith made his second century in the series registering 143 runs off 252 balls before being bowled by Finn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2015/content/story/911881.html|title=Feeble England collapse after Smith ton|first=David|last=Hopps|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 August 2015|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> Australia later defeated England by an innings and 46 runs. England had regained the Ashes 3–2 which saw the Test retirements of Australia's senior players: [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]], [[Chris Rogers (cricketer)|Chris Rogers]] and later [[Shane Watson]], [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]] and [[Brad Haddin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/brad-haddin-announces-test-retirement-australia-nsw-press-conference/2015-09-09|title=Haddin announces Test retirement|first=Dave|last=Middleton|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|date=9 September 2015|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> Overall, Smith made 508 runs at an average of 56.44, the most runs scored in the series.<ref name="Ashes2015">{{cite web |title=The Ashes, 2015 Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=9249;type=series |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref>

=== 2015–2018: Australian captaincy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;"
|-
!colspan="8"|Steve Smith's record as captain
|-
| ||Matches||Won||Lost||Drawn||Tied||No result||Win %
|-
|Test<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Test Captains|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=1;id=2;type=team |access-date=11 December 2022|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>|| 44 || 26 || 11 || 7 || 0 || – || 59.09%
|-
|ODI<ref>{{cite web|title=List of ODI Captains|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=2;id=2;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref> || 64 || 32 || 28 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 50.00%
|-
|T20I<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Twenty20 Captains|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=3;id=2;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 September 2015}}</ref> || 8 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || – || 50.00%
|-
|colspan=2|''Last updated:''
|colspan=8|8 January 2026
|}

The retirement of [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] following Australia's 3–2 defeat in the [[2015 Ashes series]] saw Smith appointed as the full-time captain of the Australian Test and ODI teams. Fellow New South Welshman [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] was appointed as his vice-captain.<ref name="Steve Smith Captain 2015">{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/smith-named-australia-cricket-captain-150814162041374.html|title=Smith named as Australia's new cricket captain|publisher=Al Jazeera|agency=Reuters|date=15 August 2015|access-date=15 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.cricketaustralia.com.au/media/media-releases/steven-smith-appointed-australias-next-test-captain-david-warner-his-deputy/2015-08-14|title=Steven Smith appointed Australia's next Test captain, David Warner his deputy|date=14 August 2015|work=cricketaustralia.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=20 September 2015|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905123038/http://www.cricketaustralia.com.au/media/media-releases/steven-smith-appointed-australias-next-test-captain-david-warner-his-deputy/2015-08-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Quote box|width=40%|align=right|quote="At 26, he is a fine young man with extraordinary talent, excellent leadership qualities and a terrific temperament."|source=—former Australian cricketer [[Rod Marsh]] on Steve Smith.<ref name="Steve Smith Captain 2015"/>}}

==== Tour of England and Ireland 2015 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in England and Ireland in 2015}}

In August 2015, Smith was announced as Australia's new ODI captain, starting in the ODI and T20I tour of Ireland and England and with an injury to Aaron Finch, he was also named as T20I captain for the first time. In the only ODI against Ireland, at Belfast, the match was affected by rain and in a reduced-over match, Smith scored 21 runs in a 23-run win by DLS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2015-743911/ireland-vs-australia-only-odi-743973/match-report|title=Warner, Burns set up Australia victory|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref> Australia returned to England and in the only T20I, at Cardiff, Smith as captain, promoted himself to No.3 in T20Is for the first time, and scored a career-best T20I high score of 90 although that wasn't enough for an Australian victory, Australia falling short by 5 runs in the run-chase.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-and-ireland-2015-743911/england-vs-australia-only-t20i-743975/match-report|title=Vibrant England show nerve in five-run win|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref>

==== New Zealand, West Indies and ascension to captaincy 2015–16 ====
{{Main|New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2015–16|West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2015–16}}

Next followed a [[New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2015–16|three Test home series against New Zealand]]. Smith's output in the first Test in Brisbane was modest, scoring 48 and 1, as the team romped home for a win in a high scoring game.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia cruise to Gabba victory |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-new-zealand-first-test-day-five-the-gabba-brisbane-report-highlights-live/2015-11-09 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> During the second Test, Smith scored 27 in the first innings before breaking the shackles with 138 in the second innings. This was Smith's first-ever second innings century; all previous centuries having been scored in the first innings of a Test match. Australia went on to draw the second Test.<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia vs New Zealand: Second test at the WACA, day five as it happened|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-17/australia-v-new-zealand-second-test-day-five-live-blog/6947616|publisher=ABC News|date=17 November 2015 |author=Bilton, Dean |author2=Maasdorp, James}}</ref>
In the third Test, significant for being the first-ever day-night Test held at the Adelaide Oval, Smith defied difficult batting conditions to register 53 in the first innings, before falling for 14 in the second innings. Australia won the match in a tight contest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia beats New Zealand in day-night test to win series 2–0|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-29/australia-beats-new-zealand-day-night-test-adelaide/6984624|publisher=ABC News|author=Lemon, Geoff |date=29 November 2015}}</ref>

Shortly after the series against New Zealand, a [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2015–16|three Test series]] was to be held against the West Indies. During the first innings of the first Test, Smith was caught behind on 10, and did not bat again, due to Australia's dominance. The second Test was successful for the captain, scoring 134* and 70* in each respective innings, as Australia went on to seal a series victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricket.com.au/tours/Australia%20v%20West%20Indies%20Tests%202015%2016/_QfW0yftY0eA3Jfms0QrXQ |title= Commonwealth Bank Test Series v West Indies: 10 December 2015 – 7 January 2016 |publisher = Cricket Australia |access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> Due to poor weather conditions, the third Test was a wash out, with very little play able to be held.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In 2015 Smith was awarded the [[Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy]] (ICC Cricketer of the Year) and [[ICC Test Player of the Year]] award and named in [[ICC Test Team of the Year]] and [[ICC ODI Team of the Year]] by the ICC.<ref name="Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of the Year)">{{cite web |title=Steve Smith wins the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for ICC Cricketer of the Year 2015 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/182330 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="ICC cricketer of the Year">{{cite web |title=Steven Smith claims top ICC awards |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/954525.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 July 2019 |date=23 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ICC Test and ODI Teams of the Year 2015 announced |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/182259 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref> In the same year, he also received the [[Allan Border Medal]], [[Allan Border Medal#Shane Warne Men's Test Player of the Year|Australian Test Player of the Year]] and [[Allan Border Medal#Men's One Day International Player of the Year|Australian One Day International Player of the Year]] award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith dominates Border Medal night |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/824331.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 July 2019 |date=27 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smith collects first Allan Border Medal |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-wins-allan-border-medal-test-player-of-year-odi-player-of-year/2015-01-27 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref> He was also named in the Test XI of the year 2015 by ESPNcricinfo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Made in the antipodes |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/review2015/content/story/956299.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 July 2019 |date=1 January 2016}}</ref>

==== Tour of New Zealand and T20 World Cup in India 2016 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 2016|2016 World Twenty20}}

A [[Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 2015–16|two Test return tour]] against New Zealand took place in February 2016. Smith looked to be in fine touch, registering 71, 138, and 53* in the three innings in which he batted, as the Australian team won 2–0.<ref>{{cite web |title=Results – New Zealand v Australia |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/new-zealand-v-australia-2015-16/engine/series/914197.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>

During the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|T20 World Cup 2016]], held in India, Smith struggled with form early, before registering 61 against Pakistan in a must-win pool match for Australia.
Smith went on to score only 2 against India, as Australia were knocked out of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kohli masterclass knocks Australia out of World T20 |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-india-world-t20-match-report-mohali-highlights/2016-03-28 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> It was believed that Smith was incorrectly given out, having clean missed a ball the umpires deemed to have been edged.<ref>{{cite web |title=The blunders that cost Steve Smith dearly |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/cricket/world-twenty20-two-blunders-that-cost-steve-smith-dearly-in-australias-loss-to-india/news-story/72b679375dc709aa7d7e923f52d61592 |website=www.heraldsun.com.au |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=27 March 2016}}</ref>

==== Tour of Sri Lanka 2016 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2016}}

Smith then led the Australian Cricket Team on their [[Australian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2016|tour of Sri Lanka]]. The three Test series was a disaster for the Aussies, losing 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/day-five-sri-lanka-australia-match-report-highlights-third-test-colombo-smith-marsh-warner/2016-08-18 |title=Sri Lanka spin way to clean sweep |website=Cricket Australia|date=18 August 2016|author=Ramsey, Andrew}}</ref> Smith was Australia's highest run scorer in the series, scoring 247 runs at an average of 41, including one century and one fifty. Throughout the following ODI series, Smith averaged in excess of 40 across the first two matches, before leaving early for a rest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/cricket/james-faulkner-claims-hattrick-in-odi-against-sri-lanka/news-story/479d9f9089fb022b3c84a112d2163086 |title=Steve Smith to come home after Australia's loss to Sri Lanka in second ODI |author=Buckle, Greg |date=25 August 2016 |website=Herald Sun|access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref>

==== ODI Tour of South Africa 2016 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2016-17}}

Australia's disappointing run of form continued into their [[Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2016–17|ODI tour of South Africa]]. They lost the first 3 matches, largely attesting to their young bowling attack's inability to contain a strong South African batting line-up.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/aaron-finch-australia-loss-to-south-africa-intel-on-test-series-steyn-rabada-cricket/2016-10-09 |title= ODI losses bring valuable Test lessons |date=9 October 2016 |website=Cricket Australia|access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> Smith was disappointing in output across the first two ODIs, before scoring 108 off 107 balls in the 3rd match, as he and [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] helped Australia to 371.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/south-africa-v-australia-coverage-of-the-fourth-odi/news-story/c23463053711eb354d1cea549ddad59f |title=South Africa v Australia: Coverage of the third ODI |work=Fox Sports|access-date=9 October 2016|date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Despite the large total, it was chased down by South Africa in the 50th over.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs South Africa 3rd ODI 2016 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8517/scorecard/936139/south-africa-vs-australia-3rd-odi-australia-tour-of-south-africa-2016-17|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Australia lost the 5-match series 5–0.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Australia in South Africa ODI Series, 2016/17 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/match_results.html?id=10703&type=series|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== South Africa, New Zealand and Pakistan in Australia 2016–17 ====
{{Main|South African cricket team in Australia in 2016–17|New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2016–17|Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 2016–17}}

[[File:Steve Smith Cricketer.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Smith playing for Australia in 2016]]
Following the 5–0 ODI defeat in South Africa, the Australian team returned home for a [[South African cricket team in Australia in 2016–17|3 Test series against South Africa]]. In the first Test Smith made a duck and 34 runs, and Australia lost the Test match. In the second Test at Hobart, Smith made 48 not out in the first innings but the rest of the team capitulated, making a total score of only 85 runs and losing the Test.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-15/australia-crushed-in-innings-defeat-to-south-africa/8026334?section=sport|title=Australia v South Africa: Hosts collapse for innings and 80-run defeat on day four, Proteas win series|publisher=ABC News |access-date=24 December 2016|date=15 November 2016}}</ref> Following the defeat, criticism of Smith's captaincy and the team's performance emerged which saw the influx of young players such as [[Matt Renshaw]], [[Peter Handscomb]] and [[Nic Maddinson|Nic Maddison]] for the last Test. After losing five consecutive Tests, Smith made 59 and 40, respectively, with the addition of his team performances to win the day-night Test match in Adelaide. The win avoided a 3–0 whitewash, as the 2–1 defeat marked Smith's first series defeat at home.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

After the Test series against South Africa, New Zealand played [[New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2016–17|3 ODIs]] in between the two Test series against South Africa and Pakistan. In the first ODI, Steve Smith registered 164 runs at the SCG, marking the highest ODI score at the ground, beating the previous score of 162 set by AB De Villiers during the 2015 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-odi-record-hundred-164-scg-sydney-highest-score-australia-nz-highlights/2016-12-04|title=Spectacular Smith smashes SCG record|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|access-date=24 December 2016}}</ref> He was awarded "man of the match". In the second ODI he made 72 runs and in Melbourne of the final ODI he was dismissed for a duck. The Australian team won the contested [[Chappell–Hadlee Trophy]] 3–0 and returned the trophy to Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-new-zealand-2016-17/content/story/1071578.html|title=Warner 156 sets up Australia's 3–0 sweep|work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 December 2016}}</ref>

Pakistan was scheduled to have [[Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 2016–17|three Test series and 5 ODIs]]. In the first Test in Brisbane, Smith made 130 and 63 runs. His century in Brisbane marked his 16th Test century and his first against Pakistan. Despite Pakistan being bowled out for a low score of 142 in the first innings, Smith's captaincy tactics sparked a mixed response from critics when the on-field umpires made the decision to extend the fourth day evening session by thirty minutes, believing a result would be determined.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/umpires-solely-responsible-for-controversial-final-session-at-the-gabba/news-story/e82ef00ea76e3e85960ec5aed3d80ece?nk=e83fdddd486be5df61af2f999b8a1693-1482544762|title=Umpires solely responsible for controversial final session at the Gabba|work=Fox Sports|access-date=24 December 2016|date=19 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/cricket/steve-smiths-captaincy-condemned-by-test-greats-michael-vaughan-mark-taylor-and-michael-clarke/news-story/9659baeeddad349f3417afc5f4c5917a|title=Steve Smith's captaincy condemned by Test greats Michael Vaughan, Mark Taylor and Michael Clarke|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=Sydney|access-date=24 December 2016|date=19 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/allan-border-mark-waugh-defend-smiths-captaincy-and-tactics-at-the-gabba/news-story/bde53d197d6c5c4c9ca8ceff3eb4b1ad?nk=e83fdddd486be5df61af2f999b8a1693-1482543765|title=Allan Border, Mark Waugh defend Smith's captaincy and tactics at the Gabba|work=Fox Sports|access-date=24 December 2016|date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Pakistan made a 4th innings total of 450, as Australia won by 39 runs. The second Test was held at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] and Smith later placed his seventeenth century, the fourth-fastest to do so and also reaching 1000 runs in the calendar year—his third consecutive achievement of this since 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwos.nine.com.au/2016/12/29/15/03/steve-smith-continues-strong-form-with-ton|title=Smith leads from the front with MCG ton|first=Michael |last=Ramsey|website=Nine's Wide World of Sports|date=29 December 2016 |publisher=Nine Digital|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-pakistan-2016-17/content/story/1074545.html|title=Smith's affair with the Boxing Day Test|first=Bharath|last=Seevri|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=29 December 2016}}</ref> Despite intermittent rain, Australia managed an unlikely victory into the last session of day five, resulting in a 2–0 win for Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/day-five-australia-pakistan-boxing-day-test-second-video-highlights-mcg-melbourne/2016-12-30|title=Australia wrap up Boxing Day miracle|first=Andrew|last=Ramsey|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|date=30 December 2016}}</ref> The final Test at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] marked Steve Smith's 50th Test match, as Australia whitewashed Pakistan 3–0 . Following the victory, he was awarded "Man of the Series" after making a total of 441 runs—the most in the series from both teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-pakistan-scg-day-five-third-test-highlights-lyon-hazlewood/2017-01-07|title=Smith's Australians secure clean sweep|first=Andrew|last=Ramsey|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|date=7 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>

Smith was once again featured in ICC's 2016 Cricket Awards as a 12th man for the ICC Test team of the year.<ref name="ICC TEST XI 2016">{{cite press release|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc-awards/news/2016/media-releases/97224/icc-test-and-odi-teams-of-the-year-announced|title=ICC Test and ODI Teams of the Year announced|website=ICC Cricket|publisher=International Cricket Council|access-date=24 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224100327/http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc-awards/news/2016/media-releases/97224/icc-test-and-odi-teams-of-the-year-announced|archive-date=24 December 2016}}</ref> In the ODI Series against Pakistan, Smith experienced mixed results but played a vital role, with Australia later ending up routing Pakistan 4–1. On 19 January 2017, Steve Smith produced his 8th ODI century against Pakistan at the [[WACA Ground]]—becoming the quickest Australian to reach 3000 ODI runs within 79 innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-fastest-3000-odi-runs-australian-79-innings-record-bevan-bailey-pakistan-perth-odi/2017-01-19|title=Superb Smith breaks another record|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|first=Martin|last=Smith|date=19 January 2017|access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> Following the home series, Smith was scheduled to tour three ODI matches against New Zealand for the [[Chappell–Hadlee Trophy]] but later sustained a mild sprain to the [[medial collateral ligament|medial ligament]] in his left ankle, so he headed to Dubai in preparation for the upcoming four Test tour of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-ankle-injury-ruled-out-new-zealand-odi-series-new-captain-dubai/2017-01-27|title=Skipper Smith ruled out of NZ tour|first=Andrew|last=Ramsey|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|date=27 January 2017|access-date=28 January 2017}}</ref>

==== Tour of India 2017 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in India in 2016–17}}
Following the training at ICC's Cricket Academy Centre in Dubai, Smith began the tour of India with a century in their maiden warm-up match in Mumbai. He replicated his ton in the first Test in Pune where he produced his first century in the Indian Subcontinent, accompanied by the support of his bowlers to win their first Test match in India since 2004 and breaking India's 19 match undefeated streak, stretching from 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-australia-2016-17/content/story/1084299.html|title=O'Keefe, Smith set up famous Australia victory|first=Brydon|last=Coverdale|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=25 February 2017|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/india-australia-first-test-day-three-pune-video-highlights-pune-smith-kohli-ashwin-jadeja-starc-lyon/2017-02-25|title=Australia spin way to massive victory|first=Andrew|last=Ramsey|website=cricket.com.au|publisher=Cricket Australia|date=25 February 2017|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Veteran commentator [[Harsha Bhogle]] and other Indian Media rated Smith's third innings hundred at Pune as one of the best ever by a visiting player in India.<ref name="scroll.in">{{Cite web|title='World's best Test batsman': Twitter praises Steve Smith after heroic Ashes century against England|url=https://scroll.in/field/932561/worlds-best-test-batsman-twitter-praises-steve-smith-after-heroic-ashes-century-against-england|access-date=23 March 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=2 August 2019}}</ref> The [[Wisden]] described Smith's ton as an impossible hundred on a ''minefield'' of a pitch at Pune where all other batsman from both teams struggled to get a decent score.<ref name="wisden.com">{{Cite web |last1=Gardner |first1=Ben |date=2 January 2018 |title=Steve Smith's Impossible Innings {{!}} 2017 In Review {{!}} Innings Of The Year |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/2017-review-steve-smiths-impossible-innings |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=Wisden}}</ref>

{{Quote box
| width = 35%
| align = right
| quoted = 1
| quote = Our choice as the best Test innings is when the world's leading Test batsman defied form and a devilish pitch to produce a most unlikely, match-winning hundred.
| salign = right
| source = — [[Wisden]] on Smith's Pune hundred.<ref name="wisden.com" />
}}

In the 3rd Test match in Ranchi, which is the first-ever Test match hosted at this venue, Steve Smith scored yet another century, 178 not out. This is the third-highest score by an Australian cricketer in Test matches played in India and the highest by an Australian Captain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/steve-smith-shatters-records-with-epic-178-not-out-versus-india-in-ranchi-test/story-bgBqngWrizmBgwAJQ8jppO.html|title=Steve Smith shatters records with epic 178 not out versus India in Ranchi Test|date=17 March 2017|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=18 March 2017}}</ref> In the fourth Test in Dharmasala, Smith scored 111 in the first innings which helped Australia to a first innings score of 300. In the second innings, Smith played a ball onto his stumps after scoring a rapid and threatening 17 runs off 15 balls.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cricket scorecard – India vs Australia, 4th Test, Australia Test tour of India, 2017 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-scorecard/17402/ind-vs-aus-4th-test-australia-test-tour-of-india-2017 |website=Cricbuzz |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> Smith was the highest run scorer in the series, scoring 499 runs at an average of 71.29, including three centuries.<ref name="IndiaTesttour2017">{{cite web |title=Border–Gavaskar Trophy, 2016/17 Cricket Team Records & Stats (Most runs) |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=11592;type=series |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref>

==== Champions Trophy in England and Wales 2017 ====
{{Main|2017 ICC Champions Trophy}}

In April 2017, Smith was named as Australia's captain for the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-20/strong-squad-appealing-draw-boost-aussie-champions-trophy-hopes/8457656|title=Australia names strong Champions Trophy squad ahead of June tournament in England |work=ABC.net.au|date=20 April 2017}}</ref>

In June 2017, in Australia's opening match, against New Zealand, Smith took a catch off Hazlewood's bowling and scored 8 runs not out in a washed-out no result.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wisden-almanack-review-australia-v-new-zealand-1148290|title=Wisden's review of the second match, Australia v New Zealand |work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref> In Australia's second match, against Bangladesh, Smith took another catch from Zampa's bowling and scored 22 runs out, in another rained-out no-result.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345/australia-vs-bangladesh-5th-match-group-a-1022355/match-report|title=So close, but rain denies Australia victory |work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref> Heading into the final match against England, Australia likely needed to win to qualify for the semi-finals<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/steven-smith-says-it-s-win-or-bust-for-australia-against-england-1101499|title=Smith says it's win or bust for Australia against England |work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref> England won the toss and sent Australia into bat, Smith scored 56 runs from 77 before his dismissal to Mark Wood. Rain again interrupted play, with England winning by DLS method after a Ben Stokes century and ending Australia's tournament<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/we-let-ourselves-down-today-steven-smith-1102703|title='We let ourselves down today' - Smith |work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ben-stokes-eoin-morgan-heroics-lead-to-australia-s-champion-s-trophy-exit-1102723|title=Stokes, Morgan heroics lead to Australia's Champion's Trophy exit |work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref>

==== Tour of Bangladesh 2017 ====

{{Main|Australian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2017}}

In June 2017, Smith was named as captain for Australia's 2-Test tour of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3280574|title=Australia name strong squad for Bangladesh tour|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> In the first test at Mirpur, Smith took 1 catch and scored 8 and 37 runs, in a 20-run win for Bangladesh. In the second test at Chattogram, Smith took 2 catches and scored 58 and 16 in a 7-wicket win for Australia. The series was drawn 1-1.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== Ashes in Australia 2017–18 ====
[[File:Steve Smith hooks.jpg|thumb|Steve Smith plays a leg side shot, in the 5th Test at Sydney.]]
{{Main|2017–18 Ashes series}}
In the [[2017–18 Ashes series#1st Test|first Test at Brisbane]], Smith scored the first century of the series, 141[[not out|*]], which was his 21st Test century in his 105th innings—making him the third-quickest to score 21 Test centuries behind [[Donald Bradman]] and [[Sunil Gavaskar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith's slow route to century No. 21 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21544282/steven-smith-slow-route-century-no-21 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 March 2019 |date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

On 16 December 2017, Smith scored 239 in the final Ashes match at the WACA Ground. He was quick to score his 22nd century at the [[WACA Ground|WACA]], his century coming from 138 balls, including sixteen fours and a six,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of England vs Australia 3rd Test 2017/18 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-v-england-2017-18-1072261/australia-vs-england-3rd-test-1072307/full-scorecard|access-date=8 July 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> before he converted that into a career-best 239. It was his second double-hundred and his first as captain.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In the fourth Ashes test at Melbourne, Smith continued his prodigious form when he scored 76 in the first innings before he was bowled by England debutant [[Tom Curran (cricketer)|Tom Curran]], providing him with his first wicket in test cricket. A series best 244* by England's [[Alastair Cook]] then placed Australia in a tense situation that saw them trail by 164 at the start of the fourth day. Coming in at 2/65 before lunch on a rain affected day four, Smith batted until the closure of play on day five and scored yet another century, finishing with a defiant 102* from 275 deliveries to guide Australia to a draw and denying England of its first victory in Australia since 2011.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Smith concluded the 2017 calendar year with six centuries and three fifties, along with an average of 76.76 and a total of 1,305 runs, the highest of any player that year. During the final Ashes match in Sydney, Smith reached the milestone of 6,000 Test runs in 111 innings, becoming the equal second-fastest player and also the youngest Australian, ever to do so.<ref name="stats.espncricinfo.com">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283183.html|title=Records – Test matches – Batting records – Fastest to 6000 runs – ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smith soars to equal Sobers landmark |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-6000-test-runs-second-fastest-equals-sobers-trails-bradman-australia-england-ashes-scg/2018-01-05 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="crictracker.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/stats-youngest-cricketer-to-score-6000-test-runs/|title=Stats: Youngest cricketer to score 6000 Test runs – CricTracker|website=crictracker.com|date=5 January 2018|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-date=6 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083339/https://www.crictracker.com/stats-youngest-cricketer-to-score-6000-test-runs/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Smith garnered praise from opponent captain [[Joe Root]] for leading the team from the front, and in Root's opinion Smith was the difference between the two teams during [[2017–18 Ashes series]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2018/01/02/joe-root-australia-captain-steve-smith-has-shown-have-lead-front/|title=Joe Root- Australia Captain Steve Smith has shown me how you have to lead from the front|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/cricket/pink-hat-green-eyes-england-11787379|title=pink-hat-green-eyes-england|newspaper=The Mirror|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> Smith was the highest run scorer in the series, scoring 687 runs at an average of 137.40, including three centuries and two fifties.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Ashes, 2017/18 >>Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=11645;type=series |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref>

In 2017 Smith was awarded the [[ICC Test Player of the Year]] award and named in the [[ICC Test Team of the Year]] by the ICC.<ref name="ICC Test player of the year 2017">{{cite web |title=Steve Smith named world's premier Test player |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/596898 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Live Cricket Scores & News International Cricket Council |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/media-releases/597047 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415083740/https://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/media-releases/597047 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In February 2018 he received the [[Allan Border Medal]] and [[Allan Border Medal#Shane Warne Men's Test Player of the Year|Australian Test Player of the Year]] award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith wins prestigious Allan Border Medal |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/622534 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smith, Warner win big on Allan Border medal night |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22405679/steven-smith-david-warner-win-big-allan-border-medal-night%3fplatform=amp |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 July 2019 |date=12 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Smith storms to Allan Border Medal |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/2018-allan-border-medal-steve-smith-test-odi-t20-winner-captain/2018-02-12?mode=amp |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref><ref="wisden.com" />

=== 2018: Tour of South Africa, ball-tampering incident and suspension ===

==== Tour of South Africa 2018 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18}}
Smith was rested for the T20 series against New Zealand and England so he could prepare for the South African Test series.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22173578/jhye-richardson-sa-tests-no-room-maxwell-sayers|title=Jhye Richardson in for SA Tests, no room for Maxwell, Sayers|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> The series was marred by controversial incidents on and off field. Australia won the first Test by 118 runs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10908/report/1075982/day/5/South-Africa-vs-Australia-1st-Test-Australia-in-South-Africa-Test-Series-2017-18|title=1st Test, Australia tour of South Africa at Durban, Mar 1–5 2018 {{!}} Match Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|date=5 March 2018 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> with Smith making scores of 56 and 38 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10908/scorecard/1075982/South-Africa-vs-Australia-1st-Test-Australia-in-South-Africa-Test-Series-2017-18|title=1st Test, Australia tour of South Africa at Durban, Mar 1–5 2018 {{!}} Match Summary {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> The result was overshadowed by a stairwell confrontation between Australian vice captain [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] and South African wicket-keeper [[Quinton de Kock]]. Footage emerged showing Warner having to be physically restrained after words were spoken between the two.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22652913/australia-south-africa-point-finger-other-stairwell-incident|title=Australia, South Africa point finger at the other over stairwell incident|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> This led to Smith and opposing captain [[Faf du Plessis]] being called to a meeting with umpires and match officials, where they were reminded of their responsibility to control their teams.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/story/1139352.html|title=Control your teams, Smith and du Plessis told|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> South Africa won the second Test by 6 wickets, with Smith's contributions being only 25 and 11 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10908/scorecard/1075983/South-Africa-vs-Australia-2nd-Test-Australia-in-South-Africa-Test-Series-2017-18|title=2nd Test, Australia tour of South Africa at Port Elizabeth, Mar 9–12 2018 {{!}} Match Summary {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> Smith's diminishing returns with the bat and lower than average strike rate suggested that he may have been struggling somewhat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22734257/steven-smith-decreasing-returns-leave-australia-vulnerable|title=Smith's decreasing returns leave Australia vulnerable|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> During the match South African fast bowler and player of the match [[Kagiso Rabada]] was suspended for the following Test after he made physical contact with Smith after he dismissed him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22732916/kagiso-rabada-handed-two-test-suspension|title=Rabada handed two-Test suspension|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=12 March 2018|author=Moonda, Firdose}}</ref> Rabada successfully appealed the ban; a decision that annoyed Smith.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/mar/21/pretty-interesting-steve-smith-hits-out-at-kagiso-rabada-process|title='Pretty interesting': Steve Smith hits out at Kagiso Rabada appeal process|last=Collins|first=Adam|date=21 March 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>

==== Ball-tampering incident and suspension ====
{{Main|2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal}}Australia lost by 322 runs in the third Test, with Smith barely contributing to the score.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10908/scorecard/1075984/South-Africa-vs-Australia-3rd-Test-Australia-in-South-Africa-Test-Series-2017-18|title=3rd Test, Australia tour of South Africa at Cape Town, Mar 22–25 2018 {{!}} Match Summary {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> However, the match result was overshadowed by illegal [[ball tampering]] by players of the Australian team on the third day. [[Cameron Bancroft (cricketer)|Cameron Bancroft]], the second-youngest and most inexperienced member of the team, was captured by television cameras surreptitiously using sandpaper to rough up the cricket ball.<ref name="Smith">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22897995/desperation-drove-australia-cheat-steven-smith|title=Desperation drove Australia to cheat – Smith|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018|date=24 March 2018}}</ref> He then hid the sandpaper in his underwear before being confronted by the on-field umpires. When attending the press conference at the conclusion of the third day's play with Bancroft, Smith admitted that the "leadership group" of the team discussed tampering with the ball to influence the result of the match during the lunch break. He admitted that he was part of the "leadership group" but did not identify the other members.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22906580/sambit-bal-australia-moment-truth|title=This is Australia's moment of truth|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> Smith and vice-captain [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] stood down from the team leadership the morning after the incident, but still played on, and wicketkeeper [[Tim Paine]] took over as interim captain for the rest of the Test match. Subsequently, match referee [[Andy Pycroft]] for the ICC banned Smith for one Test match and fined him 100% of his match fee. He handed Bancroft three demerit points and fined him 75% of his match fee.<ref name="Bancroft">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/43526870 |title=Cameron Bancroft: Australia player admits to ball-tampering, Steve Smith knew in advance |date=24 March 2018 |access-date=27 March 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref>

Cricket Australia launched an independent investigation, charging Smith with bringing the game into disrepute. He was suspended and sent home from the tour. The report stated that, while he did not develop the plan, Smith was found to have misled match officials and others, and as captain did not act to prevent it. He was therefore banned from all international and domestic cricket for 12 months starting from 29 March 2018. He was also debarred from consideration for any team leadership role for an additional 12 months. Warner and Bancroft also received bans. Smith also had his contract with the Rajasthan Royals IPL team for the 2018 season terminated by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] as a consequence of the sanctions.<ref>{{cite web |title=CA slaps bans on tampering trio |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/player-sanctions-steve-smith-cameron-bancroft-david-warner-australia-cricket-ball-tampering/2018-03-28 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>

Smith arrived in Sydney on 29 March. In a press conference at Sydney Airport, a tearful Smith started by saying that he had nothing to add to Cricket Australia's report. He said that as captain of the Australian cricket team, he took full responsibility (even though he did not devise the plan to change the condition of the ball or actually perform the act), and that he had made a serious error in judgement: "''It was a failure of leadership, my leadership''." As well as apologising to his "''teammates, to fans of cricket all over the world and to all Australians who are disappointed and angry''", he specifically referred to the effect that the incident had had on his parents and implored others faced with questionable decisions to consider their parents. He added, "''I know I will regret this for the rest of my life. I'm absolutely gutted. I hope in time I can earn back respect and forgiveness''."<ref>{{cite web |title=Emotional Smith breaks down in press conference |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-press-conference-ball-tampering-scandal-speaks-regret-bancroft-warner/2018-03-29 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-29/steve-smith-apologises-for-ball-tampering-scandal/9603670|title='I'm absolutely gutted': Distraught Smith apologises for ball-tampering scandal|date=29 March 2018|work=abc.net.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gardner |first1=Ben |date=29 March 2018 |title=Tearful Steve Smith Takes Responsibility & Says: I Hope I Can Earn Forgiveness |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/australia-in-south-africa-2017-18/cricket-news/steve-smith-ball-tampering-press-conference |work=wisden.com}}</ref>

=== 2019: Return to international cricket, dominant Ashes series ===

==== ODI World Cup in England 2019 ====
{{Main|2019 Cricket World Cup}}
[[File:Steve Smith (48094026552).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Smith during the 2019 World Cup]]
In April 2019, he was named in [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#Australia|Australia's squad]] for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26526151/smith-warner-make-world-cup-return-handscomb-hazlewood-out |title=Smith and Warner make World Cup return; Handscomb and Hazlewood out |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 April 2019|date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1178345 |title=Smith, Warner named in Australia World Cup squad |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref> After missing the 2018–19 season, Smith was awarded a national contract by Cricket Australia for the 2019–20 season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia contracts: Smith, Warner, Pattinson return; Mitch Marsh out |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1179255 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pattinson, Warner, Smith handed central contracts; Mitchell Marsh dropped |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26526489/pattinson-warner-smith-handed-central-contracts-mitchell-marsh-dropped?platform=amp |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 April 2019 |date=15 April 2019}}</ref> On 1 June 2019, Smith played in Australia's opening match of the Cricket World Cup, against [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], at the [[Bristol County Ground|County Ground]] in [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/toss-teams-australia-afghanistan-world-cup-bristol-video-highlights/2019-06-01 |title=Khawaja, Coulter-Nile in for Aussies |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> On 11 July 2019, in the semi-final match against [[England cricket team|England]] Smith scored 85 runs, becoming the second batsman after [[Sachin Tendulkar]] to score four 50+ scores in Cricket World Cup knockouts.<ref name="Most 50+ scores in CWC knockouts">{{cite web |title=Steve Smith equals Sachin Tendulkar's record in World Cup knockouts |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/england-vs-australia-world-cup-2019-2nd-semi-final-steve-smith-equals-sachin-tendulkar-record-1567003-2019-07-11 |website=India Today |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> In the tournament, he scored 379 runs at an average of 37.90, including four fifties.<ref>{{cite web |title=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2019 Cricket Team Records & Stats – most fifties |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_fifties_career.html?id=12357;type=tournament |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref>

==== Ashes in England 2019 ====
{{Main|2019 Ashes series}}
In July 2019, he was named in [[2019 Ashes series#Squads|Australia's squad]] for the [[2019 Ashes series]] in England.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia name 17-man Ashes squad |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-2019-ashes-squad-england-tests-paine-smith-warner-pattinson-wade-marsh-bancroft-neser/2019-07-27 |website=cricket.com.au |date=26 July 2019 |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bancroft, Wade and Mitchell Marsh earn Ashes call-ups |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27261124/bancroft-wade-mitchell-marsh-earn-ashes-call-ups |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=29 July 2019 |date=26 July 2019}}</ref> In the [[2019 Ashes series#First Test|first Test at Edgbaston]], Smith scored centuries in both innings, his ninth and tenth Ashes centuries and his 24th and 25th overall. Smith's first innings hundred was hailed as one of his finest ever by [[Mass media in the United Kingdom|British Media]] as he was returning from a year-long suspension and was batting with the tail for a large part of his innings under tricky conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Poms away! English open fire on super Smith|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/cricket/the-ashes-2019-world-in-awe-of-steve-smith-as-former-aussie-skipper-blasts-century-at-edgbaston/news-story/35c8889578965c69f1b617adccfc498f|access-date=23 March 2021|website=dailytelegraph}}</ref><ref name="scroll.in"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashes 2019, UK View: Steve Smith the envy of England after another first Test century for Australia|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/the-ashes/ashes-2019-uk-view-steve-smith-the-envy-of-england-after-another-first-test-century-for-australia/news-story/a9c1b169005ebfa1fc4b89c0c32dc0c3 |access-date=27 December 2023|website=[[foxsports.com.au]] |date=5 August 2019}}</ref> His 25th came in his 119th innings, second only to [[Don Bradman]] (who took 69 innings).<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith comes to the rescue with Test century No.24 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1298997 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27320239/steven-smith-rare-twin-hundreds-first-test-away-series |title=Steven Smith's rare twin hundreds in first Test of an away series |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref> Smith also rated his first innings hundred at [[Edgbaston]] as his best ever.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why century jumps to head of Smith Test queue|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/cricket/the-ashes-2019-aussie-star-steve-smith-rates-his-edgbaston-knock-as-his-best-test-century/news-story/cf610656a07c405a69545546bf166f10|access-date=23 March 2021|website=dailytelegraph}}</ref>

In the first innings of the second Test, his innings was interrupted on 80, when he was hit by a 148.7 km/h ball on the left side of his neck, under the ear from [[Jofra Archer]]. He later returned to complete his innings after passing the concussion tests and was out, lbw, for 92.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashes 2019: Steve Smith makes 92 after retiring hurt from Jofra Archer blow |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/49382484 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=20 August 2019 |date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lord's |first1=Geoff Lemon at |title=Smith left face down in dirt as cricket reminds us it can be truly frightening |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-18/steve-smith-vs-jofra-archer-the-ashes-cricket-epic-duel/11425152 |website=ABC News |access-date=20 August 2019 |date=18 August 2019}}</ref> On 18 August 2019, the final day of the Test, Smith was replaced by [[Marnus Labuschagne]], after further tests showed he had suffered concussion due to the blow the previous day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27412396/steven-smith-withdrawn-lord-test-due-concussion |title=Steven Smith withdrawn from Lord's Test due to concussion |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref> Therefore, Labuschagne became the first player to become a concussion substitute in a Test match following a change in the [[International Cricket Council]]'s (ICC) rules.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-concussion-substitute-marnus-labuschagne-lords-ashes-world-test-championship/2019-08-18 |title=Smith out, Marnus in under new concussion rules |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref> The concussion then ruled him out of the third Test,<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith: Australia batsman ruled out of third Ashes Test |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/49408323 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=20 August 2019 |date=20 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=Ali |last2=Media |first2=P. A. |title=Steve Smith ruled out of third Ashes Test with concussion |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/aug/20/steve-smith-ruled-out-third-ashes-test-concussion-australia-cricket |website=The Guardian |access-date=20 August 2019 |date=20 August 2019}}</ref> though this did not stop him reclaiming the number one position in the Test batting rankings on 3 September 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith reclaims No.1 Test ranking from Virat Kohli |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1335685 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref>

In the first innings of the fourth Test at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]], Smith scored 211 from 319 balls, his third double-century in Test matches and his third century in the series. He became the first batsman to score 500 or more runs in three successive Ashes series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith scores his third Ashes 200 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27544115/steven-smith-scores-third-ashes-200 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ashes 2019: Steve Smith's irrepressible brilliance sees Australia dominate second day of fourth Test |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/england-australia-fourth-test-second-day-score-latest-report-steve-smith-double-century-jonathan-a9093796.html?amp |website=INDEPENDENT |date=5 September 2019 |access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref>

Smith registered his tenth consecutive Ashes fifty-plus score in the first innings of the fifth Test, breaking [[Inzamam Ul Haq]]'s record for the most consecutive Test 50+ scores against a single opponent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ashes-2019-steve-smith-breaks-inzamam-ul-haq-s-record-with-another-fifty/story-aGj0lh9EtvG0xkdjv68gzN.html|title=Ashes 2019: Steve Smith breaks Inzamam-ul-Haq's record with another fifty|date=13 September 2019|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-record-milestone-australia-england-ashes-battle-highlights-video/2019-09-14|title=Smith's lowest score this series earns another record|website=cricket.com.au|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> He finished the series with 774 runs at an average of 110.57, by far the most on either team. Smith made 3 hundreds and 3 fifties. He was awarded his second consecutive [[Compton–Miller Medal]] as the man of the series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ashes, 2019 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12492&type=series|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/49710467|title=Ashes 2019: Tim Paine says Australia still have unfinished business after drawn series|date=15 September 2019|access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref>

[[Mass media in the United Kingdom|British Media]] along with former cricketers rated his dominating batting in the series as one of the greatest batting displays in a test series.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=Patrick|date=11 September 2019|title=Is Steve Smith the best since Donald Bradman? Follow our animated chart to find out|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2019/09/11/steve-smith-best-since-donald-bradman-follow-animated-chart/|access-date=23 March 2021|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=13 September 2019|title=Steve Smith continues absurdly prolific run to change the mood again {{!}} Geoff Lemon|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/sep/13/steve-smith-england-australia-ashes|access-date=23 March 2021|website=The Guardian}}</ref>

=== 2019–2021: Form slump ===

==== Sri Lanka, Pakistan and New Zealand in Australia 2019–20 ====
{{Main|Sri Lankan cricket team in Australia in 2019–20|Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 2019–20|New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2019–20}}
After retaining the Ashes in England, the Australian team returned home for two back to back T20I series against Sri Lanka and Pakistan. In the first T20I against Sri Lanka, Smith did not bat, but made 53 not out and 13 in the second and third matches respectively. Australia went on to win the three match series 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1475054 |title=All-round Australia dismantle Sri Lanka to seal series win |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-sri-lanka-third-t20-international-mcg-starc-warner-smith-finch-video-highlights/2019-11-01 |title=Warner guides Australia to T20I clean sweep |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> Although Smith was not required to bat in the first and third T20Is against Pakistan, his valuable contribution of 80 not out in the second match helped Australia win the match by seven wickets, and go on to win the T20I series 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1487479 |title=Abbott stars as dominant Australia seal series 2–0 |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>

Following the T20I series', Australia played Pakistan and New Zealand at home in a two and three match Test series respectively. In contrast to the preceding Ashes tour, Smith made little contribution with the bat throughout the test series against Pakistan, scoring 4 and 36 in the first and second matches respectively. Despite this, Australia went on to win the Test series 2–0, winning both matches by an innings margin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-pakistan-second-test-day-four-adelaide-highlights-starc-cummins-hazlewood-lyon/2019-12-02 |title=Warner, Lyon lead Australia to series clean sweep |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> During the second test match of the series at [[Adelaide Oval|Adelaide]], Smith overtook [[Don Bradman|Donald Bradman]] as the 11th highest run scorer for Australia in tests. Smith also became the fastest test batsman to score 7,000 test runs in his 126th innings, bettering the 73-year-old record of [[Walter Hammond]] (130 innings).<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Aadyas |date=30 November 2019 |title=Watch: Smith Overtakes Bradman, Breaks 73-Year-Old Record |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/watch-smith-bradman-7000-runs-record |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=Wisden}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Australia's Steve Smith becomes fastest man to score 7,000 Test runs, crosses Bradman's run tally|url=https://scroll.in/field/945361/australias-steve-smith-becomes-fastest-man-to-score-7000-test-runs-crosses-bradmans-run-tally|access-date=23 March 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=30 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=30 November 2019|title=Steve Smith breaks 73-year-old record, becomes fastest to 7000 runs in Tests|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/steve-smith-breaks-73-year-old-record-becomes-fastest-to-7000-runs-in-tests-119113000183_1.html|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref>

In the first day-night Test match at Perth against New Zealand, Smith struggled, scoring 43 and 16, and was dismissed both innings to the short-pitched bowling of fast-bowler Neil Wagner. Australia went on to win the first Test by 296 runs. In the second test at Melbourne, Smith continued to find form when he scored 85 in the first innings before he was again dismissed by Neil Wagner, denying Smith of a record fifth consecutive Test century at the MCG. Although Australia bowled New Zealand out for 148 and progressively built on their large first innings lead, Smith was dismissed for 7 in the second innings, giving Neil Wagner his 200th Test wicket and fourth consecutive dismissal of Smith in the series. Despite this, Australia comfortably won the match by 247 runs and retained the [[Trans-Tasman Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/black-caps/118507577/australia-vs-new-zealand-fourday-defeat-despite-tom-blundell-century |title=Australia vs New Zealand: Four-day defeat despite Tom Blundell century |work=Stuff |date=29 December 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-new-zealand-second-test-day-four-mcg-watch-live-stream-scores-video-highlights/2019-12-29 |title=Australia romp to trans-Tasman series victory |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> On Day 1 of the Melbourne test, Smith also went past [[Greg Chappell]]'s tally of 7,110 moving into 10th position as highest run-scorer for Australia in Tests.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Smith's mind sets him apart: Greg Chappell|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/steve-smiths-mind-sets-him-apart-greg-chappell/cid/1730796|access-date=23 March 2021|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 December 2019|title=Steve Smith Enters List of Australia's Top 10 Test Run-Scorers|url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/cricket/steve-smith-australia-highest-run-getter-tests-greg-chappell|access-date=23 March 2021|website=TheQuint}}</ref> The 3rd Test saw Smith reach the half-century mark again, reaching 63 from 182 balls, taking 45 minutes to get off the mark.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wu|first=Andrew|date=3 January 2020|title=Summer of ton continues for insatiable Labuschagne|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/summer-of-ton-continues-for-insatiable-labuschagne-20200103-p53ont.html|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Scorecard – 2019–2020 Trans-Tasman Trophy – 03/01/2020|url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Matches/MatchScorecard.asp?MatchCode=2399|access-date=15 December 2020|website=www.howstat.com}}</ref> Australia won the match by 279 runs, completing a clean sweep of the Test series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HowSTAT! Test Series – Matches & Results|url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Series/SeriesStats.asp?SeriesCode=0768|access-date=15 December 2020|website=www.howstat.com}}</ref>

In a similar vein to [[Bodyline]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 December 2021|title=Poms in a spin as one mistake creates more; worrying sign for Smith: Ashes Talking Pts|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/the-ashes/ashes-2021-australia-vs-england-first-test-brisbane-jack-leach-steve-smith-talking-points-video-highlights/news-story/8b2ad7aadeecd782b70d61f85c784c52|access-date=25 December 2021|website=Fox Sports}}</ref> devised by England in the 1930s to disrupt [[Don Bradman|Bradman]]'s scoring, which was largely employed by [[Harold Larwood]], New Zealand devised a set of tactics to curb Smith's scoring.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Barrett|first=Chris|date=1 January 2020|title=Short shrift: Australia unconcerned about more 'Bodyline' tactics against Smith|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/short-shrift-australia-unconcerned-about-more-bodyline-tactics-against-smith-20200101-p53o5h.html|access-date=9 December 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> It involved left-arm fast-medium bowler [[Neil Wagner]] pitching short to Smith attempting to get him out caught on the leg side.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2019|title=Cricket 2019, Australia vs New Zealand, Steve Smith, bodyline, Justin Langer, Gary Stead, Don Bradman|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/cricket-2019-australia-vs-new-zealand-steve-smith-bodyline-justin-langer-gary-stead-don-bradman/news-story/a36253f72397f9e946b24d513ed5dbf3|access-date=9 December 2020|website=Fox Sports}}</ref> The plan enjoyed good results, with Wagner dismissing Smith all four times in Perth and Melbourne,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs New Zealand 1st Test 2019 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19430/scorecard/1183532/australia-vs-new-zealand-1st-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs New Zealand 2nd Test 2019 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19430/scorecard/1183533/australia-vs-new-zealand-2nd-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> however [[Colin de Grandhomme]] claimed Smith's wicket in the Test at Sydney.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs New Zealand 3rd Test 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19430/scorecard/1183534/australia-vs-new-zealand-3rd-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith himself said after the first Test, "The pink one's a little bit different – it just sort of comes off the wicket at different paces ... I couldn't quite time the ball where I wanted to at certain times but no doubt I'm going to get a little bit (of short-pitch bowling) in Melbourne, I dare say, on probably a different wicket. We'll see how we go."<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2019|title=New Zealand think they've got Smith figured out – but he already has an answer|url=https://7news.com.au/sport/cricket/new-zealand-think-theyve-got-steve-smith-figured-out-but-he-already-has-an-answer-c-610343|access-date=9 December 2020|website=7News.com.au}}</ref> Despite Smith scoring 214 runs from 5 innings at an average of 42.80, and atypically for Smith a low strike rate of 34.13<ref name="espncricinfo.com">{{Cite web|title=New Zealand's experience drain and Marnus Labuschagne's dream run|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28413809/new-zealand-experience-drain-marnus-labuschagne-dream-run|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>—who just three months earlier in the 2019 Ashes scored at a rate of 64.71 per 100 balls<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ashes, 2019 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12492&type=series|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>—Australia managed to win all three Tests by a margin of over 200 runs, largely thanks to Labuschagne's batting.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trans-Tasman Trophy [New Zealand in Australia], 2019/20 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=13016&type=series|access-date=9 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=Australian Associated Press|date=3 January 2020|title=More misery for New Zealand as Marnus Labuschagne hits another century|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jan/03/more-misery-for-new-zealand-as-marnus-labuschagne-hits-another-century|access-date=9 December 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="espncricinfo.com"/>

==== Tours of India and South Africa 2019–20 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in India in 2019–20|Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2019–20}}
Australia travelled to India to play three ODI matches between 14 and 19 January 2020. Smith was not required in the first match. In the second match, Smith came in at 1/20 and looked set to reach another hundred, but was dismissed for 98 as he played on to his stumps off Kuldeep Yadav.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Smith's 98 not enough as India set up series decider|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-india-second-odi-rajkot-video-highlights-warner-smith-kohli-cummins-starc/2020-01-18|access-date=15 December 2020|website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> In the 3rd match, Smith made 131 off 132 balls as Australia reached a total of 286 from the 50 overs. However, Smith's hundred was in vain as India chased down the target in the 48th over, India winning the series 2–1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scorecard – 2019–2020 India v Australia – 19/01/2020|url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Matches/MatchScorecard_ODI.asp?MatchCode=4400|access-date=15 December 2020|website=www.howstat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HowSTAT! ODI Series – Matches and Results|url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Series/SeriesStats_ODI.asp?SeriesCode=1019|access-date=15 December 2020|website=www.howstat.com}}</ref>

Australia travelled to South Africa to play a 3 ODI matches and 3 T20I matches between 21 February and 7 March 2020. The first match of the T20I series in Johannesburg saw Smith topscore with 45, helping Australia to a total of 196<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs South Africa 1st T20I 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sa-2019-20-1185293/south-africa-vs-australia-1st-t20i-1185316/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> winning by 107 runs. Australia was sent in to bat in the 3rd match at Cape Town, making 193 runs from their 20 overs, Smith remaining not out on 30 from 15 balls. South Africa was bowled out for 96, Australia winning by 97 runs, and winning the T20I series 2–1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs South Africa 3rd T20I 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sa-2019-20-1185293/south-africa-vs-australia-3rd-t20i-1185318/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Smith topscored in the first ODI match with 76, but the rest of the team could only manage 134 between them, getting bowled out in the 46th over for 217.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of South Africa vs Australia 1st ODI 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sa-2019-20-1185293/south-africa-vs-australia-1st-odi-1185319/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith failed to make any significant scores for the remaining games as Australia lost the ODI series 0–3.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs South Africa 3rd ODI 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sa-2019-20-1185293/south-africa-vs-australia-3rd-odi-1185321/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== New Zealand in Australia 2020 ====
{{Main|New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2019–20}}
New Zealand returned to Australia after the Test series, with games scheduled to be held on 13, 15 and 20 March 2020. The first match was won by Australia, with a winning margin of 71 runs; Smith getting bowled for 14 by Santner.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs New Zealand 1st ODI 2019 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-australia-2019-20-1183522/australia-vs-new-zealand-1st-odi-1183537/full-scorecard|access-date=15 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2nd and 3rd matches were cancelled without a ball being bowled due to travel restrictions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket Coverage – Australia vs New Zealand, New Zealand in Australia, 2nd ODI Match Analysis, Reports {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-australia-2019-20-1183522/australia-vs-new-zealand-2nd-odi-1183538/match-news|access-date=15 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs New Zealand 3rd ODI 2019 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-australia-2019-20-1183522/australia-vs-new-zealand-3rd-odi-1183539/full-scorecard|access-date=15 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Australia v New Zealand cancelled with travel restrictions in place|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-v-new-zealand-cancelled-with-travel-restrictions-in-place-1219328|access-date=15 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== Tour of England 2020 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in England in 2020}}
On 16 July 2020, Smith was named in a 26-man preliminary squad of players to begin training ahead of a possible [[Australian cricket team in England in 2020|tour to England]] following the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Usman Khawaja and Marcus Stoinis in expanded Australia training squad for possible England tour|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29470776/usman-khawaja-marcus-stoinis-expanded-australia-training-squad-possible-england-tour |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aussies name huge 26-player group with eye on UK tour |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-26-player-preliminary-list-training-group-uk-england-tour-odi-t20-covid19/2020-07-16 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=15 August 2020}}</ref> On 14 August 2020, [[Cricket Australia]] confirmed that the fixtures would be taking place, with Smith included in the touring party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Riley Meredith, Josh Philippe and Daniel Sams included as Australia tour to England confirmed |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29658561/riley-meredith,-josh-philippe-daniel-sams-included-australia-tour-england-confirmed |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Uncapped trio make Australia's UK touring party |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-squad-odi-t20-england-tour-philippe-meredith-sams-maxwell-stoinis-lyon-tye-bubble-covid19/2020-08-14 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=15 August 2020}}</ref>

Smith's scoring was unremarkable in the 3 T20I matches. Between the last T20I match and first ODI match, Smith was struck on the head at training, and subsequently missed the first two ODIs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Smith misses again as Aussies take cautious approach|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/toss-and-teams-australia-england-second-odi-selection-final-xi-steve-smith-mitchell-starc-scores/2020-09-13|access-date=16 December 2020|website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> Smith was still feeling the effects before the 3rd ODI, and was left out again, missing all three matches in the series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glenn Maxwell, Alex Carey turn tide to seal thrilling series for Australia|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-v-australia-2020-1198223/england-vs-australia-3rd-odi-1198240/match-report|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== India in Australia 2020–21 ====
{{Main|Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21}}
[[File:Steve Smith and Tim Paine fielding 2nd Test Aus vs Ind 2020.jpg|thumb|Smith fielding for Australia in 2020]]
India's tour began with a 3-match ODI series. In the first match in Sydney, Smith came to the wicket after a large opening partnership, and put on a 108-run partnership with Aaron Finch.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=Australian Associated Press|date=27 November 2020|title=Steve Smith and Aaron Finch centuries see Australia ease past India in first ODI|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/nov/27/steve-smith-and-aaron-finch-centuries-see-australia-ease-past-india-in-first-odi|access-date=16 December 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Smith brought up his hundred off 62 deliveries, the third fastest by an Australian<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records {{!}} One-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest hundreds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/211608.html|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and finished with 105 runs off 66 balls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 1st ODI 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-1st-odi-1223955/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith made a second century in the second match at Sydney, again requiring only 62 deliveries. He was dismissed on 104 from 64 deliveries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 2nd ODI 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-2nd-odi-1223956/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith and Labuschagne put on a 136-run partnership.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Labuschagne ready to open in the final ODI against India|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1921649|access-date=16 December 2020|website=www.icc-cricket.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Super Smith smashes second straight 62-ball century|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-second-62-ball-century-australia-india-odi-scg-video-highlights/2020-11-29|access-date=16 December 2020|website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> Australia won the match by 51 runs, and Smith was again awarded Player of the Match for his performance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 2nd ODI 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-2nd-odi-1223956/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Australia won the series 2–1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of India vs Australia 3rd ODI 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-3rd-odi-1223957/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith was awarded Player of the Series for his efforts.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Following the ODI series was a 3-match T20I series. Smith made a respectable 46 in the second match,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 2nd T20I 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-2nd-t20i-1223953/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> but his scores in the other matches were unremarkable. Australia lost the series 1–2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 3rd T20I 2020 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-3rd-t20i-1223954/full-scorecard|access-date=16 December 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In November 2020, Smith was nominated for the Sir Garfield Sobers Award for ICC Male Cricketer of the Decade, and the award for Test cricketer of the decade.<ref>{{cite web|title=Virat Kohli, Kane Williamson, Steven Smith, Joe Root nominated for ICC men's cricketer of the decade award|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30385388/virat-kohli,-kane-williamson,-steven-smith,-joe-root-nominated-icc-men-cricketer-decade-award|access-date=25 November 2020|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ICC Awards of the Decade announced|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1908769|access-date=25 November 2020|work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

Smith's poor form for his standards continued as he scored 1 and 1* in the opening Test of the Border–Gavaskar Trophy in Adelaide, Australia winning the match after bowling India out for 36, their lowest total in Tests.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of India vs Australia 1st Test 2020/21 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-1st-test-1223869/full-scorecard|access-date=6 February 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith scored 0 and 8 at Melbourne as India won by 8 wickets<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 2nd Test 2020/21 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-2nd-test-1223870/full-scorecard|access-date=7 February 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> in contrast to his previous seven Tests at the ground where he had averaged 113.50.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Smith searching for time in the middle to arrest slump|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-batting-form-australia-india-test-series-boxing-day-mcg/2020-12-29|access-date=7 February 2021|website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> Since the 2019 Ashes, Smith had averaged 26.40.<ref name=":3" /> Ex-Australian captain Ian Chappell noted "He doesn't look as comfortable at the crease because India have given him things to think about" and "In trying to avoid one way of getting out, you can create another one, and I think that's happened a bit with Smith."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legend's advice to Smith amid horror form slump|url=https://wwos.nine.com.au/cricket/ian-chappell-on-steve-smith-struggles-after-another-failure-against-india/78a8e658-9ae9-4fc2-81ad-8e4bf71e26cd|access-date=7 February 2021|website=wwos.nine.com.au|date=28 December 2020}}</ref>

Smith was able to break his 14-innings century drought since the 2019 Ashes at his home ground in Sydney with a 226-ball 131 in the first innings.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Forsaith|first=Scott Bailey and Rob|date=8 January 2021|title=Smith's search for answers ends in a ton|url=https://www.victorharbortimes.com.au/story/7078495/smiths-search-for-answers-ends-in-a-ton/|access-date=7 February 2021|website=The Times|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815012317/https://www.victorharbortimes.com.au/story/7078495/smiths-search-for-answers-ends-in-a-ton/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He followed that up with a 167-ball 81 in the third innings, helping to set India a target of 407 in the fourth innings. The match ended in a draw as the series was poised 1 all.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 3rd Test 2020/21 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-3rd-test-1223871/full-scorecard|access-date=7 February 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In the fourth and final match of the series at the Gabba, Smith made 36 in the first innings and topscored for Australia with 55 in the third innings. Australia set India a target of 328 to win. India took the game into the 5th day as they chased the target with three wickets remaining as Australia lost the series 1–2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs India 4th Test 2020/21 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-4th-test-1223872/full-scorecard|access-date=7 February 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== T20 World Cup in United Arab Emirates 2021 ====
{{Main|2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
Smith was ruled out of the tours to West Indies and Bangladesh with an elbow injury in his left arm — a recurrence of an injury that prohibited him from playing domestic cricket for a month during February and March in 2021. National selection panel chair Trevor Hohns said of the injury – "I can't tell you how long or how serious it is but it's something that he's had before, and it definitely flared up again whilst playing in the IPL ... How long it'll take to get it completely right, I can't tell you that at the moment ... the main thing from our point of view with Steven is to make sure he is fit for the T20 World Cup and of course the Ashes next season."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Smith's elbow woes return ahead of World Cup, Ashes|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-elbow-injury-australia-tour-west-indies-bangladesh/2021-06-16|access-date=10 July 2021|website=cricket.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2021|title=Smith urged not to rush return ahead of Ashes – even if it means missing World Cup|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/australian-cricket-news-2021-steve-smith-injury-tim-paine-australia-vs-west-indies-t20-world-cup-ashes-video/news-story/1179222d92cc340a298a64a578637c8b|access-date=10 July 2021|website=Fox Sports}}</ref> In August 2021, Smith was named in Australia's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1274020.html |title=Josh Inglis earns call-up and key names return in Australia's T20 World Cup squad |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref>

Smith played a "floating position"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steven Smith's T20 World Cup role: resurrect batting if early wickets fall, drop down the order if top order succeeds|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/2021-t20-world-cup-steven-smith-says-his-role-is-to-fix-the-top-order-if-early-wickets-fall-1285238|access-date=26 November 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> in Australia's win in the T20 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 November 2021|title=Australia win their first T20 World Cup after eight-wicket victory over New Zealand|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/nov/14/australia-win-their-first-t20-world-cup-after-eight-wicket-victory-over-new-zealand|access-date=26 November 2021|website=The Guardian}}</ref> He scored 69 runs at a strike rate of 97.18.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup, 2021/22 – Australia Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=14024&team=2&type=tournament|access-date=26 November 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

=== 2021–2023: Return to Australia captaincy and form ===

==== Ashes in Australia 2021–22 ====
{{Main|2021–22 Ashes series}}
{{Quote box
| quote = There will be times when I am out in the middle and it is a hot day, and I am in the middle of a spell and I need to turn to people for advice, for experience,

That is the main reason ... I wanted Steve to be vice-captain. So I think how that looks, it potentially could look differently to what you are seeing how partnerships work in the past.

Steve has got such huge strengths, especially around tactics on the field.

I will be leaning on him usually for that, and it might look a little bit different from the outside to potentially how the captains have been in the past, and that is great.
| author = —Pat Cummins on Steve Smith
| source = (ABC, November 2021)<ref name="AB">{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-26/pat-cummins-named-as-new-australian-mens-test-cricket-captain/100653122 |title=Pat Cummins confirmed as the new Australian men's Test captain, replacing Tim Paine |date=26 November 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref>
| width = 600px
}}In November 2021, following Tim Paine's resignation from the Test captaincy amid allegations of improper conduct in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paine quits as Test captain amid off-field scandal|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/tim-paine-australia-ashes-test-captain-resignation-sexting-scandal-hobart-press-conference-bon/2021-11-19|access-date=26 November 2021|website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> [[Pat Cummins]] was promoted to captain of the Test team, as Smith returned to a leadership position with the vice captaincy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cummins confirmed as Test captain, Smith his deputy|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/pat-cummins-australia-test-captain-47-steve-smith-vice-captain-ashes/2021-11-26|access-date=26 November 2021|website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> In the first Test in Brisbane, Smith fell to 'a lazy shot' to [[Mark Wood (cricketer)|Mark Wood]] for 12.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ashes First Test: All the action following Day 2 at The Gabba as Head century makes headlines|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/cricket/news/ashes-australia-england-live-updates-scores-highlights-first-test-gabba-cricket-2021/10hwtsya37gv412sehz7fk0nvs|access-date=25 December 2021|website=www.sportingnews.com|date=8 December 2021}}</ref>

Smith captained Australia for the second Test in Adelaide, when Cummins was ruled out for the match after he was deemed to be a close contact of someone with [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ashes-2021-22-pat-cummins-out-of-second-test-after-covid-close-contact-1293470 |title=Cummins out of second Test after Covid close contact |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> Smith passed 50 in the first innings, but was trapped leg before wicket on 93 to [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] to a ball that kept low.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Oval (earlier)|first1=Geoff Lemon at Adelaide|last2=Hytner (briefly)|first2=Mike|last3=Lisle (now)|first3=Tim de|last4=Hytner|first4=Mike|last5=Lemon|first5=Geoff|date=17 December 2021|title=Ashes 2021–22: second Test, day two – as it happened!|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2021/dec/17/ashes-2021-22-australia-vs-england-day-2-two-cricket-second-2nd-test-live-score-card-aus-v-eng-play-start-time-latest-updates|access-date=25 December 2021|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In the second innings, Smith survived multiple chances (including a first-ball drop by [[Jos Buttler|Buttler]]) but was out on 6, gloved down the leg side to [[Ollie Robinson (cricketer, born 1993)|Robinson]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Aldred (later)|first1=Tanya|last2=Lisle (earlier)|first2=Tim de|last3=Lisle|first3=Tim de|date=19 December 2021|title=Ashes 2021–22 second Test: England 82–4 at stumps on day four – as it happened|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2021/dec/19/ashes-2021-22-australia-vs-england-day-four-4-cricket-second-2nd-test-live-score-card-aus-v-eng-start-time-latest-updates?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with%3Ablock-61bec2dc8f080842de5fd350|access-date=25 December 2021|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Smith had also picked up his first test wicket in 6 years, dismissing Jack Leach, who was caught by [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=HowSTAT! Test Cricket – Steve Smith – Progressive Bowling |url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/statistics/players/PlayerProgressBowl.asp?PlayerID=3756 |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=www.howstat.com}}</ref>

After the Test, Smith said "It brought back some old memories in a way and I had fun out there, but it's Patty's team. I'm the vice-captain and I will help him any way I can. That's my job. Hopefully we can keep the momentum going into what should be an amazing Boxing Day Test."<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ashes: Steve Smith happy to return captaincy to Pat Cummins after winning return for Australia|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12500707/the-ashes-steve-smith-happy-to-return-captaincy-to-pat-cummins-after-winning-return-for-australia|access-date=25 December 2021|website=Sky Sports}}</ref>

==== Tour of Pakistan 2022 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22}}
Australia toured Pakistan in 2022 to play three tests, three ODIs and a one off T20I. Smith played during the three tests, but did not play in the ODIs and T20Is. This tour marked Australia's first tour of Pakistan since 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan expecting Australia to end 24-year tour absence |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/pakistan-england-t20-series-hopes-australia-tour-2022-wasim-khan-pcb/2020-11-18 |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> Smith performed well, averaging 56.50 in 4 innings and achieving a top score of 78, but did not manage to fully take advantage of the "dead" and "benign" pitch at the [[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]] during the first test, unlike his Pakistani contemporaries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benaud–Qadir Trophy, 2021/22 – Australia Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=14344&team=2&type=series |access-date=17 June 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Pakistan vs Australia 1st Test 2021/22 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-pakistan-2021-22-1288300/pakistan-vs-australia-1st-test-1288310/full-scorecard |access-date=17 June 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> During the series, Smith had also become the fastest man to reach 8,000 test runs, achieving it in 151 innings, one less than the previous title holder, [[Kumar Sangakkara]] and three innings faster than [[Sachin Tendulkar]]. Smith was also the first person to achieve this feat with a batting average over 60, reaching 8,000 test runs with a 60.1 average at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith becomes fastest man to 8,000 Test runs |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-fastest-man-8000-test-runs-150-innings-sangakkara-tendulkar-sobers-dravid/2022-03-24 |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=cricket.com.au}}</ref>

==== Tour of Sri Lanka 2022 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2022}}
In 2022, Australia toured Sri Lanka for 3 T20Is, 5 ODIs and 2 tests. Smith did not play during the first T20I, but played in the second and third, where he scored 5 runs in the second match and 37 runs from 27 balls and remained not out in the third match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Sri Lanka vs Australia 2nd T20I 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2022-1307289/sri-lanka-vs-australia-2nd-t20i-1307294/full-scorecard |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs Sri Lanka 3rd T20I 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2022-1307289/sri-lanka-vs-australia-3rd-t20i-1307295/full-scorecard |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith finished the T20I series with a 42.0 batting average, with a high score of 37.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australia in Sri Lanka T20I Series, 2022 – Australia Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=14526&team=2&type=series |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith played during the first two ODI matches, but was unable to play during the last three due to a quad injury.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith out as Green, Marsh return for third ODI |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/toss-teams-sri-lanka-australia-r-premadasa-stadium-colombo-third-odi-smith-injury-marsh-green-return/2022-06-19 |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=cricket.com.au}}</ref> He scored 53 runs off 60 balls during the first match and scored 28 runs from 35 balls during the second match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Sri Lanka vs Australia 1st ODI 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2022-1307289/sri-lanka-vs-australia-1st-odi-1307296/full-scorecard |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Sri Lanka vs Australia 2nd ODI 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2022-1307289/sri-lanka-vs-australia-2nd-odi-1307297/full-scorecard |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He finished the ODI series with an average of 40.50, a high score of 53 and scored 81 runs in 2 innings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australia in Sri Lanka ODI Series, 2022 – Australia Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=14527&team=2&type=series |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Smith played during both of the tests, and scored 6 runs from 11 balls before being run out by [[Niroshan Dickwella]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Sri Lanka vs Australia 1st Test 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2022-1307289/sri-lanka-vs-australia-1st-test-1307301/full-scorecard |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> This mix up had caused Smith to lose his temper against his batting partner at the time, [[Usman Khawaja]], where he was visibly irritated.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} However, Smith stated that there was no lingering fallout between the two of them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith moves on from Khawaja run out mix-up |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sri-lanka-vs-australia-2022-smith-moves-on-from-khawaja-run-out-mix-up-1323366 |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith did not bat during the second innings, as Australia bowled Sri Lanka out for 212 and 113, and had a target of 5 runs, winning the match by 10 wickets. During the second test, Smith scored 145 runs from 272 balls and remained not out.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs Sri Lanka 2nd Test 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2022-1307289/sri-lanka-vs-australia-2nd-test-1307302/full-scorecard |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> This was his first century since January 2021; a time span of 547 days, as well as being his 28th Test century.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=8 July 2022 |title=Steve Smith finally breaks century drought in second Test against Sri Lanka |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/08/steve-smith-finally-breaks-century-drought-in-second-test-against-sri-lanka |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> During the second innings however, Smith was dismissed for 0 and Australia collapsed, as Sri Lanka beat Australia by an innings and 39 runs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs Sri Lanka 2nd Test 2022 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2022-1307289/sri-lanka-vs-australia-2nd-test-1307302/full-scorecard |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> During the second innings, Smith had reviewed the original "out" decision by the umpire, only to confirm the umpire's decision. This review was called "comical" and "appalling" by multiple news sources.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2022 |title='Absolutely terrible': Steve Smith 'pulls a Watto' in 'comical' review farce |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/australia-vs-sri-lanka-cricket-scores-second-test-steve-smith-review-video-reaction-news/news-story/2930fe52631734e3b701cc86110fdcde |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=Fox Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith drilled over 'appalling' call amid collapse |url=https://wwos.nine.com.au/cricket/sri-lanka-australia-second-test-2022-steve-smith-david-warner-drs-reviews-criticised-dinesh-chandimal-200/80fe52d1-8140-4730-a452-39f05a1dfd0a |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=wwos.nine.com.au |date=11 July 2022}}</ref> Smith finished the test series with 151 runs from 3 innings, an average of 75.50 and with a high score of 145*. He was the second highest run scorer during the series, behind Sri Lankan [[Dinesh Chandimal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Warne–Muralitharan Trophy, 2022 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=14528&type=series |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== Zimbabwe, New Zealand in Australia 2022 ====
{{Main|Zimbabwean cricket team in Australia in 2022|New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2022}}

In August 2022, Smith returned to the ODI team from injury, scoring 48 not out and 47 not out in the first 2 ODIs, Smith was dismissed for 1 run in the 3rd ODI with Zimbabwe winning the match by 3-wickets. Australia won the series 2–1. In September 2022, against New Zealand, in the 1st ODI, Smith was out for 1 run in consecutive innings. Smith returned to form in the 2nd ODI, scoring 61 runs, with 4 of the top 5 failing to reach double-digits in the match. In the 3rd ODI, at Cairns, Smith scored his 12th ODI century. Australia winning the series 3-nil.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== Tour of India 2022 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23}}

In September 2022, Smith returned to the No.3 position in the T20I team for the first time since October 2021. Smith scored 35 runs in the 1st T20I in a 4-wicket win. The 2nd T20I was reduced to 8 overs per side due to weather, Smith was shifted to No.6, and was run out for 8 runs in a 6-wicket loss to India. Smith scored 9 runs in the 3rd T20I, with India again winning by 6 wickets and winning the series 2–1.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== T20 World Cup in Australia 2022 ====
{{Main|2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup}}
In October 2022, Smith batted No.3 in the warm-up match in Brisbane against India, only scoring 11 from 12 balls. Not selected for the opening match against New Zealand,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith set to make way for David in World Cup XI|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3314667/smith-set-to-make-way-for-david-in-world-cup-xi |date=19 October 2022 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref> Smith was only selected for Australia's fifth and final match of the tournament, against Afghanistan, and was dismissed for 4, leg before wicket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australia relying on Sri Lanka after sneaking past Afghanistan|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-23-1298134/australia-vs-afghanistan-38th-match-group-1-1298172/match-report |date=4 November 2022 |website=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref> Australia failed to reach the finals to defend their 2021 title.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== England, West Indies, South Africa in Australia 2022–23 ====
{{Main|English cricket team in Australia in 2022–23|West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2022–23|South African cricket team in Australia in 2022–23}}
In October 2022, Smith was named in the [[Australia cricket team|Australian]] [[One Day International|ODI]] squad for the three-match home ODI series.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McGlashan
|first=Andrew|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-eng-2022-23-travis-head-returns-to-australia-odi-squad-marcus-harris-reserve-batter-for-west-indies-tests-1343862|title=Head returns to Australia ODI squad, multi-format quicks included|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=8 November 2022|access-date=2 December 2022}}</ref> He scored 195 runs including two half centuries in 3 matches at an average of 97.50 as Australia won the series in a 3–0 whitewash.<ref>{{cite web|title=Head, Warner tons set up Australia's thumping series sweep|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124582/travis-head-david-warner-tons-set-up-australias-thumping-series-sweep|access-date=2 December 2022|work=Cricbuzz|date=22 November 2022}}</ref>

In November 2022, he was named in the Australia Test squad for the series against the [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2022–23|West Indies]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=McGlashan
|first=Andrew|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-eng-2022-23-travis-head-returns-to-australia-odi-squad-marcus-harris-reserve-batter-for-west-indies-tests-1343862|title=Head returns to Australia ODI squad, multi-format quicks included|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 December 2022}}</ref>

In the first Test in Perth, Smith scored 200 not out from 311 deliveries, his fourth double-century in his Test career.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Australia vs West Indies 1st Test 2022/23 – Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-in-australia-2022-23-1317465/australia-vs-west-indies-1st-test-1317484/full-scorecard |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Smith said after his innings: "I think from the first one-dayer against England, where I sort of implemented the work that I've been doing, it felt really good straightaway." He went on to say "I suppose the reason for my slight change in technique is because I was unhappy with where I was at with my batting ... But I think now with the way I'm able to play and the way teams have bowled against me, I've had to adapt a bit and where I'm at with my body and my hands I feel like I'm opening up the whole ground as opposed to probably just behind square on the leg side, and I'm able to hit the ball in different areas, which I probably was able to hit previously. So I feel in a good place."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Back to the future: the remaking of Steven Smith |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-wi-1st-test-2022-23-back-to-the-future-the-remaking-of-steven-smith-1347371 |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In December 2022, Smith was named in Australia's Test squad as the vice-captain for their home series against South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hazlewood out as Aussies shift focus to Proteas |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australia-test-squad-south-africa-brisbane-gabba-cummins-hazlewood-neser-boland-morris/2022-12-12 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref> In the third Test, on 5 January 2023, he scored 104 runs and moved past [[Matthew Hayden]] and [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]] to become the [[List of Australia Test cricket records#Most career runs|fourth highest Australian Test run-scorer]]''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Super Smith conquers Proteas, goes past Bradman |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-30-test-hundreds-australia-south-africa-third-test-scg-records-runs-hayden-clarke/2023-01-05 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Steve Smith's shock call on cricket future after century in third Test |url=https://www.sports.yahoo.com/sports/steve-smith-shock-call-cricket-future-after-century-third-test-195458081.html |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Yahoo Sports |date=5 January 2023}}</ref> This was also his [[List of international cricket centuries by Steve Smith|30th Test century]]'','' the [[List of Australia Test cricket records#Most centuries|equal third most by an Australian]]''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Century No. 30 for Steven Smith, a hat-trick of tons at SCG for Usman Khawaja |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-30th-century-for-steven-smith-khawajas-hat-trick-of-tons-at-scg-1352295 |access-date=7 January 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==== Tour of India 2023 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in India in 2022–23}}
In January 2023, Smith was named in Australia's Test and ODI squads for the tour against India. In February 2023, in the 1st Test at Nagpur, Smith scored 37 and 25 not out, with India winning by an innings and 132 runs. In the 2nd Test at Delhi, Smith was dismissed by Ravi Ashwin in both innings, out for a duck in the 1st innings and just 9 in the 2nd. In March 2023, Smith returned to Test captaincy duties, with Pat Cummins flying home for a family emergency, Smith took the reins in 3rd Test in Indore, Australia winning by 9 wickets. Smith scored 26 in his only innings. In the 4th Test, at Ahmedabad, Smith scored 38 runs in the 1st innings and 10 not out, in a draw. India retaining the trophy 2–1.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In March 2023, Smith returned to ODI captaincy for the first time since 2018, with Cummins still unavailable. Smith struggled to have an impact with the bat during the series. Smith was out for 22 in the 1st ODI in a 5-wicket loss. In the 2nd ODI, Australia cruised to a 10-wicket victory, so Smith didn't bat. In the 3rd ODI, he was out for a 3-ball duck, Australia winning by 21 runs, winning the series 2-1 under Smith's captaincy.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== ICC World Test Championship Final and The Ashes 2023 ====
{{Main|2023 ICC World Test Championship Final|2023 Ashes series}}

In May 2023, Smith was named in Australia's squad for the final, which was set to take place at [[The Oval]] on 7 June 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/josh-hazlewood-neser-harris-renshaw-marsh-australia-squad-world-test-championship-final/2023-05-29 |title=Hazlewood in as Aussies trim WTC final squad |access-date=29 May 2023 |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> During the final, Smith consolidated Australia's position in the first innings with a 285 run partnership with [[Travis Head]], ending the innings scoring 121 runs which marked his 31st century in Test cricket.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burnton |first=Simon |date=8 June 2023 |title=Australia take control of WTC final as India contribute to own downfall |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/08/cricket-australia-india-world-test-championship-final-day-two-match-report |access-date=9 June 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> With his contribution, Australia defeated [[India national cricket team|India]] in the final by 240 runs, making Smith the first men's cricket player (along with [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] and [[Mitchell Starc]]) to win the [[ICC World Cup]], [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup]], and the [[World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Pritha |date=11 June 2023 |title=Australia crush India to win WTC final |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/australia-crush-india-win-wtc-final-2023-06-11/ |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>

In June 2023, Smith in the 2nd Ashes Test at Lords, equaled [[Steve Waugh]] with 32 Test centuries for Australia, only behind [[Ricky Ponting]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith equals Waugh with latest chapter in Lord's story |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3607616/smith-equals-waugh-with-latest-chapter-in-lords-story |date=30 June 2023 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref> While fielding in England's 2nd innings, Smith suffered a wrist injury resulting in tendon damage requiring a [[Cortisone|cortisone injection]].<ref name="wristinjury">{{Cite web |title=Smith reveals extent of Ashes wrist injury|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3646322/smith-revels-extent-of-ashes-wrist-injury |date=22 August 2023 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref>

=== 2023-2024: Second form slump ===

==== Tour of South Africa 2023 ====

In August 2023, Smith was ruled out of Australia's white-ball tour of South Africa due to the wrist injury he suffered in the Ashes. Smith was expected to open the batting for Australia for the first time in T20Is following his Big Bash exploits at the top of the order.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith, Starc ruled out of South Africa tour|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3638220/smith-starc-ruled-out-of-south-africa-tour |date=18 August 2023 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref><ref name="wristinjury" />

==== ODI World Cup in India 2023 ====
{{Main|2023 Cricket World Cup}}

In September 2023, Australia played a 3 match ODI series in the lead up to the World Cup against India losing 2–1. Smith scored 41 in the 1st ODI, filled in as captain in the 2nd ODI but was out for a golden duck. He found form in the 3rd ODI scoring 74.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In the World Cup warm up matches, Smith opened the batting and scored 55 against Netherlands but only managed 27 against Pakistan batting No.3.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In October 2023, Smith batted No.3 for Australia's first 3 games but only managed a top score of 46 against India. Against Pakistan opening pair David Warner and Mitch Marsh both scored centuries so Australia promoted Glenn Maxwell to No.3 with Smith demoted to No.4, Maxwell scored 0 and Smith scored 9. This was the first ODI match that Smith batted anywhere other than No.3 since the 2019 World Cup. In Australia's fifth match, against Netherlands, promoted back to 3, Smith scored his highest score for the tournament with 71.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Against New Zealand, Travis Head returned from injury, which forced Australia into a batting reshuffle. With Marsh in-form opening and Smith yet to find form, Australia decided to move Smith down to No.4 which Smith said shocked him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3752833/steve-smith-shocked-australia-weigh-up-world-cup-batting-reshuffle-travis-head-injury-return|title=Smith 'shocked' as Aussies weigh up batting reshuffle |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> Smith would only manage a top score of 63 vs Bangladesh in the tournament while batting no.4 with his best score coming when he was batting No.3 against Netherlands.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In November 2023, in the semi final against South Africa, Smith managed the second-highest score for Australia and the fourth-highest in the game with 30 runs in a tight run chase to seal Australia's place in the World Cup Final against India. In the Final, Smith was out for 9 lbw to Jasprit Bumrah, replays later showed it would have been not out had Smith reviewed. Australia went on win led by a Travis Head century. This would be Smith's 2nd ODI World Cup victory.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Following the World Cup, Australia had a 3 match T20I series against India, while several ODI World Cup members rested, Smith stayed on for the first 2 games. Opening the batting for the first time for Australia in T20Is, Smith scored 52 in the 1st, just his 5th half century in the format for Australia but he only scored 19 in the 2nd match before heading home in preparation for the home summer.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== Pakistan and the West Indies in Australia in 2023–24 ====
{{Main|Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 2023–24|West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2023–24}}

In December 2023, in the 1st Test against Pakistan at Perth, Smith was twice dismissed by debutant [[Khurram Shahzad (Pakistani cricketer, born 1999)|Khurram Shahzad]] for 31 and 45 runs. In the 2nd Test, Smith was dismissed for 26 runs in the 1st innings before making 50 runs in his 2nd innings. In the 3rd Test, Smith scored 38 and 4 not out in a 3-0 Australia series victory.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In January 2024, following Warner's Test retirement, Smith was named by Chief Selector [[George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982)|George Bailey]] to open the batting for first time in Test cricket. Smith had success previously opening the batting in the [[IPL]], [[Big Bash League|BBL]] and for Australia in T20Is and ODI warm up matches. Starting against the [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2023–24|West Indies]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2024 |title=Smith to open, Green to bat No.4, Renshaw added to squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/cameron-green-named-in-test-xi-with-steven-smith-to-open-matthew-renshaw-added-to-the-squad-1416116 |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the 1st Test against the West Indies at Adelaide, Smith was dismissed by Test debutant [[Shamar Joseph]] for just 12 runs in his 1st innings as a Test opener. He scored 11 not out in the 4th innings as Australia chased a moderate total, winning by 10 wickets. In the 2nd Test at Brisbane, Smith was again out cheaply, scoring 6 from 6 before falling lbw to [[Kemar Roach]]. The West Indies set Australia 216 to chase in the 4th innings, Smith produced his best Test innings as an opener, scoring a defiant 91 not out in a Shamar Joseph-led 8-run West Indies victory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Problem solver Smith proves he is the solution |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3869718/steve-smith-opening-batter-91-critics-australia-west-indies-second-test-gabba-shamar-joseph|access-date=28 January 2024 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref>

In February 2024, Smith again captained Australia to another ODI series victory with a 3-nil thumping over the West Indies. In the 1st ODI, Smith top scored with a fluent 79 at the MCG, batting No.4. In the 2nd ODI, Smith was out for just 5 at the SCG, with Australia still winning by 83 runs. In the 3rd ODI at Canberra, Australia bowled the West Indies out for just 86 runs, Australia started fast and cruised to victory by 8 wickets, Smith was not out for 6 runs. Smith was rested for the T20I series.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== Tour of New Zealand 2024 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 2023–24}}

In February 2024, Australia toured New Zealand for 3 T20Is and 2 Tests, Smith named in both squads.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aussies name full-strength T20 squad for NZ tour |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3883789 |date=6 February 2024 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Men's Squad named for the Test Series on the Qantas Tour of New Zealand|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3895928/australian-mens-squad-named-for-the-test-series-on-the-qantas-tour-of-new-zealand |date=15 February 2024 |website=Cricket Australia}}</ref> Smith wasn't selected for the 1st T20I and only managed scores of 11 and 4, opening the batting in the 2nd and 3rd T20I, this left Smith's place in the T20I setup in doubt given Travis Head, David Warner and Mitchell Marsh were likely to form the top 3 based on comments from George Bailey.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In the 1st Test against New Zealand at Wellington, again opening the batting, Smith spent more than 100 minutes at the crease, scoring 31 before he was dismissed. Cameron Green batting in Smiths usual Test No.4 position, had a career best innings of 174 not out. In Australia's 2nd innings Smith was out for 0 from 3, dismissed by [[Tim Southee]] for the first time in Test cricket.
In the 2nd Test at Christchurch, Smith could only manage scores of 11 and 9 before being trapped lbw in both innings.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== T20 World Cup in West Indies and USA 2024 ====

In May 2024, Steve Smith was dropped from Australia's squad for the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]] tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steve Smith has Dropped out of ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024 |url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/steve-smith-icc-mens-world-cup-2024 |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=ScoreWaves}}</ref>

==== Tour of England 2024 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in England in 2024}}

In September 2024, Australia toured England for 3 T20Is and 5 ODIs. Smith was selected for the ODIs but again wasn't selected for the T20I squad. Smith returned to the No.3 position in the 1st ODI, batting 3 in four of the five games, Smith was below his best only passing 50 once with scores of 32, 4, 60, and 5 in the first four games. Following an injury to Marsh, Smith captained in the final match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4134963/toss-teams-australia-england-fifth-odi-decider-bristol-steve-smith-captain-marsh-cooper-connolly-debut|title=Connolly debuts, Smith captaining in deciding ODI |work=Cricket Australia}}</ref> Smith reached 36 not out before the run chase was rained out. Australia winning by DLS, winning the series 3–2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-england-2024-1385674/england-vs-australia-5th-odi-1385704/match-report|title=Head, Short ensure Australia beat England and the rain to take series|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref> Smith finished the series with 137 runs, a strike rate of 80.58 and an average of 34.25 runs for the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/australia-in-england-odi-series-2024-15576|title=Cricket Records of Australia in England ODI Series, 2024|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref>

In October 2024, following an injury to Cameron Green, it was reported Smith would move back to No.4 for the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2024–25|Border–Gavaskar Trophy 2024–25]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steven Smith's Test opening stint over with middle-order return for India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/australia-news-steven-smith-s-test-opening-stint-over-with-middle-order-return-for-india-1455218 |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=ESPNCricInfo |date=14 October 2024}}</ref>

In his past 21 Test innings, Smith had passed 50 just three times.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Smith switch makes sense but past master no longer Australia's rock as question marks abound over batting line-up |url=https://www.theroar.com.au/2024/10/25/smith-switch-makes-sense-but-past-master-no-longer-australias-rock-as-question-marks-abound-over-batting-line-up/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.theroar.com.au}}</ref> From February 2023 to March 2024, Smith averaged just 36.14 with two centuries in 17 Tests.<ref name=":4" />

=== 2024-Present: 10,000 Test runs and ODI Retirement ===

==== Pakistan, India in Australia 2024–25 ====
{{Main|Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 2024–25|Indian cricket team in Australia in 2024–25}}

In November 2024, Pakistan toured Australia for 3 ODIs and 3 T20Is, Smith was selected for the ODI series but again was left out of the T20I squad. In the 1st ODI at Melbourne, Smith looked in control in the run chase, scoring 44 from 46 deliveries before holding out to backward point.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sen.com.au/news/2024/11/05/it-all-just-clicked-smith-finding-form-at-the-right-time-after-quality-odi|title="It all just clicked": Smith finding form at the right time after quality ODI knock |work=SEN Cricket}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cummins denies Pakistan a heist to remember as Australia go 1–0 up
|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-vs-pakistan-2024-25-1426544/australia-vs-pakistan-1st-odi-1426549/match-report | website=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref> In the 2nd ODI at Adelaide, Smith top-scored for Australia with 35 runs, Pakistan winning by 9 wickets, levelling the series 1-all.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-vs-pakistan-2024-25-1426544/australia-vs-pakistan-2nd-odi-1426550/match-report|title=Rauf, Ayub hand Pakistan first ODI win in Australia since 2017 |work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref> Smith along with other senior Test players were rested for the deciding ODI.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In November 2024, Smith returned to No.4 for the 1st [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2024–25|Border–Gavaskar Trophy 2024–25]] Test in Perth. Dismissed for just the second golden duck of his Test career in his 1st innings, Smith performed better in his 2nd innings but was out for just 17. In Adelaide, Smith's bad luck continued, strangled down leg-side for just 2 runs from 11 balls. Smith was averaging just 23.20 in Tests in 2024, and on a 24 innings stretch without a century, the longest in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=Can Smith break out of his slump? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-v-ind-3rd-test-can-steven-smith-break-out-of-his-slump-1464787 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith and Carey ton up to put Aussies on top but Marnus spotlight intensifies after another failure |url=https://www.theroar.com.au/2025/02/07/smith-and-carey-ton-up-to-put-aussies-on-top-but-marnus-spotlight-intensifies-after-another-failure/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=The Roar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-29 |title=Smith joins 10,000-Test run club after extended wait {{!}} cricket.com.au |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4193804/steve-smith-10k-runs-test-australia-milestone-india-scg-border-gavaskar-trophy-fifth-test |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.cricket.com.au}}</ref>

In December 2024, Smith overtook Steve Waugh for 2nd most Test centuries for Australia, scoring his 33rd century in the 3rd Test at the Gabba.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steven Smith's tinkering triggers a return to runs|work=ESPNCricInfo|date=15 December 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bgt-aus-vs-ind-steven-smith-tinkering-triggers-a-return-to-runs-1465152}}</ref> In a rain-affected draw, Smith was dismissed for 4 from 5 in Australia's 2nd innings as they tried to up the tempo. In the 4th Test, the Boxing Day Test at the MCG, Smith scored his 34th Test century, 140 runs from 197 balls before a bizarre chop on dismissal looking to up the ante, 8 wickets down.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-ind-4th-bgt-test-steven-smith-finds-his-old-self-and-pat-cummins-his-right-batting-spot-at-the-mcg-1466785|title=Smith finds his old self and Cummins finds a new batting spot |work=ESPNCricInfo}}</ref> Smith was out caught for 13 from 41 balls in Australia's second dig, Australia winning by 184 runs.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In January 2025, Smith needed 38 runs to join the [[List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket|10,000 Test runs club]] at his home ground, the [[Sydney Cricket Ground|SCG]], in the New Years Test. Smith however failed to reach the mark in either innings. He was dismissed for 33 runs in his 1st innings, and 4 runs in his 2nd innings, falling just 1 run short.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4196690/steve-smith-opens-up-on-9999-dismissal-1000-test-runs-border-gavaskar-series-australia-tour-of-sri-lanka|title='Would've been nice': Smith opens up on 9999 dismissal |work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> Australia won the series 3–1, marking their first Test series victory against India since 2014, when Smith was captain.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==== Tour of Sri Lanka 2025 ====
{{Main|Australian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2024–25}}

In January 2025, Smith was announced as Australia's Test captain for the [[Australian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2024–25|Warne-Muralitharan Trophy 2024/25]] in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4195815/australia-test-squad-sri-lanka-tour-kuhnemann-mcsweeney-connolly-cummins-absent-smith-captain|title=WA youngster Connolly bolts into Test squad for Sri Lanka tour |work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> Smith suffered an injury to his right elbow in the Big Bash while fielding, in the lead up to the tour but was later cleared to join the squad in Dubai for preparation, after consulting a specialist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4201119/steve-smith-elbow-injury-matthew-kuhnemann-update-bbl-14-sri-lanka-tests|title=Smith suffers injury setback to Sri Lanka Test preparation |work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4201550/steve-smith-elbow-injury-update-all-clear-matthew-kuhnemann-spin-sri-lanka-tests|title=All-clear for Smith but Sri Lanka spin speculation remains|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4201894/steve-smith-australia-injury-test-sri-lanka-series-debai-training?|title=Smith feared months on sideline with elbow injury|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref>

In the 1st Test at Galle, Smith as captain, won the toss and elected to bat. He reached 10,000 Test runs by a scoring a single on the first delivery he faced, and went on to score his 35th Test century, his 16th Test century as captain of Australia and his 1st Test century in 14 innings as Test captain since he scored his 23rd Test hundred in the [[2017-18 Ashes series]]. He scored 141 runs from 251 deliveries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4193804/steve-smith-10k-runs-test-australia-milestone-sri-lanka-galle-india-scg-border-gavaskar-trophy|title=Smith joins 10,000-Test run club after extended wait|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4205860/sri-lanka-australia-first-test-smith-khawaja-galle-warne-muralidaran-trophy-day-one-report-video-highlights-head-inglis|title=Khawaja, Smith put Sri Lanka to the sword in Galle|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> Australia made 6–654 before Smith declared, and Australia bowled Sri Lanka all out for 165 runs in their 1st innings. Smith enforced the follow-on during the first session on day four and Australia bowled Sri Lanka all out again during the second session, with Australia winning by an innings and 242 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-sri-lanka-2024-25-1459900/sri-lanka-vs-australia-1st-test-1459906/match-report-4|title=Kuhnemann, Lyon consign Sri Lanka to their biggest defeat|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref>

In February 2025, in the 2nd Test, at the same venue in Galle, Smith broke both fielding and batting records for Australia. He first equalled and then overtook [[Ricky Ponting|Ricky Ponting's]] record of 196 Test catches for the most catches by an Australian in Test cricket, with 197 catches in 116 Test matches.<ref name="Test catches record"/> Then Smith became Australia's leading Test run-scorer in Asia, and also broke the record for most Test centuries in Asia by an Australian, scoring his 36th Test century, his 4th Test century his last five test matches and his 17th Test century as captain of Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4212476/sri-lanka-australia-second-test-day-two-report-video-highlights-warne-muralidaran-trophy-smith-carey-khawaja-head|title=Smith, Carey's spin-batting masterclass flattens Sri Lanka|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> Australia ended up winning by 9 wickets and winning the series 2-nil, marking Australia's first Test series victory in Sri Lanka since 2011. Smith was named player of the series.

==== Champions Trophy in Pakistan and United Arab Emirates 2025 ====
{{Main|2025 ICC Champions Trophy}}

In January 2025, Smith was named in Australia's [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy]] squad, expected to bat at No.3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4197686/australia-odi-champions-trophy-squad-pakistan-tournament-matt-short-aaron-hardie-pat-cummins-ellis?|title=Short, Hardie join experienced Aussie squad for Champs Trophy|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref>

In February 2025, following Pat Cummins withdrawal from the Champions Trophy squad, it was announced Smith would captain the team, after having captained in the last edition of the tournament, the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4214079/australia-champions-trophy-squad-pakistan-2025-odi-changes-15-starc-cummins-hazlewood-marsh-world-cup-team?|title=Starc out, Smith to lead as Aussies lock in Champions Trophy squad|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> After Australia's loss to India in the Semi Final of the ICC Champions Trophy, Smith announced his retirement from ODI cricket. In his final ODI innings, Smith scored 73 runs from 96 deliveries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=icc |date=2025-03-05 |title=Australia great announces retirement from ODI cricket |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/champions-trophy-2025/news/australia-great-announces-retirement-from-odi-cricket#:~:text=In%20the%20aftermath%20of%20Australia's,amazing%20times%20and%20wonderful%20memories. |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=www.icc-cricket.com}}</ref>

==== ICC World Test Championship Final and Tour of West Indies 2025 ====
{{Main|2025 ICC World Test Championship Final|Australian cricket team in the West Indies in 2025}}

In May 2025, Smith was named as Australia test vice-captain for the [[2025 ICC World Test Championship final]] and the tour of [[West Indies cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4263405/australia-announce-name-2025-world-test-championship-wtc-squad-caribbean-west-indies-tour-tests-green-konstas-cummins-hazlewood-return-doggett-v-south-africa-lords?tags=9037|title=Green, Konstas in as Australia name WTC final, Caribbean squad|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref>

In June 2025, on the first day of the 2025 World Test Championship final v South Africa at Lords, Smith scored his 42nd Test fifty and broke an almost 100-year-old record for most runs (591 runs) by overseas batter at the north London venue, overtaking Australian [[Warren Bardsley]]'s record of 575 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4283895/steve-smith-innings-record-dismissal-day-one-match-report-video-highlights-scorecard-lords-world-test-championship-final?tags=9037|title=Smith left perplexed despite more record-breaking exploits|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> Smith was dismissed caught for 66 runs. During the third day, Smith suffered a compound dislocation of his right little finger. Smith was wearing a helmet while fielding in a very close slips position to the quicks due to the edges not carrying due to the nature of the pitch, when he suffered the injury attempting to take a catch, dropping the catch and immediately leaving the field in pain. Smith was taken to hospital for X-rays and further treatment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4285870/steve-smith-finger-injury-latest-update-australia-south-africa-day-three-world-test-championship-final-lords?tags=9037|title=Australia face nervous wait after Smith finger injury|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> Smith avoided surgery for the "gruesome" compound dislocation, with the wound washed and disinfected at hospital, later placed in a splint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4286536/steve-smith-injury-update-compound-dislocation-finger-world-test-championship-west-indies-tour?tags=9037|title=Smith avoids surgery, likely to miss Windies Test opener|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> South Africa won the final by 5 wickets, with Smith not returning for the final days play.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Smith missed the 1st Test v West Indies at Bridgetown, marking the first Test he had missed since [[2019 Ashes]], breaking a streak of over 50+ consecutive tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4295671/australia-west-indies-first-test-xi-teams-announced-selection-batting-order-green-konstas-inglis-head-barbados-kensington-oval?tags=9037|title=Green a long-term option at No.3 as Cummins confirms order|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref>

In July 2025, Smith returned for the 2nd Test v West Indies, at Grenada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4300708/steve-smith-return-australia-xi-team-selection-west-indies-second-test-grenada-national-stadium-dislocated-finger-josh-inglis?tags=9037|title=Smith locked in as Cummins names XI for second Test|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref> Smith was out for 3 in the 1st innings. Due to his finger injury, he was unable to field in his customary slips position for the quick bowlers, only for the spin bowlers. He fielded predominately at mid on/off. In Australia's 2nd batting innings, Smith scored his 43rd Test fifty, scoring 71 runs from 119 deliveries before falling lbw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4303445/report-australia-west-indies-second-test-day-three-scores-watch-highlights-scorecard-grenada-national-stadium-green-smith-carey-head?tags=9037&|title=Green, Smith guide Aussies into strong position|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref>

==== Ashes in Australia 2025–26 ====
{{Main|2025–26 Ashes series}}

In October 2025, it was confirmed Smith would captain in at least the 1st Test of the 2025-26 Ashes, with Cummins unavailable due to a back injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/4390514/pat-cummins-ruled-out-injured-first-ashes-test-steve-smith-to-captain-australia-perth?|title=Smith to lead in Ashes opener after Cummins 'ran out of time'|work=Cricket.com.au}}</ref>

During the Ashes, Smith would captain Australia for the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th Test of the 2025-26 Ashes, with Cummins unavailable due to injury/recovery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=England tour of Australia 2025/26 {{!}} Live Score, Schedule, News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-2025-26-1455609 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251216160025/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-2025-26-1455609 |archive-date=2025-12-16 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

During the Third Test of the 2025-26 Ashes, Smith was ruled out with "vertigo-like symptoms", and was replaced by [[Usman Khawaja]] for the match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AUS vs ENG Cricket Scorecard, 3rd Test at Adelaide, December 17 - 21, 2025 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-2025-26-1455609/australia-vs-england-3rd-test-1455613/full-scorecard |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251217183410/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/the-ashes-2025-26-1455609/australia-vs-england-3rd-test-1455613/full-scorecard |archive-date=2025-12-17 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Playing style ==
[[File:STEVE SMITH (3072377662).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Smith bowling for New South Wales in 2008]]
Smith is a right-handed batsman with a technique that has been compared to [[Don Bradman]] and has attracted attention for its unorthodoxy. Smith is considered to be a fidgety batter whose mannerisms and idiosyncrasies have gained global attention. He moves around frequently in the crease, especially during bowlers' run-up, and ends up with the toes of his feet outside off stump against right-handers,<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=BT Sport|title=What makes Steve Smith special? Fascinating must-watch chat with Boycott and Hussey|date=3 January 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jgmva09olJM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/Jgmva09olJM| archive-date=7 November 2021 |access-date=5 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> controls the bat with his bottom hand (that is, the hand closest to the blade of the bat), and is capable of playing unconventional cricket shots like the reverse sweep.<ref name="smithchopra">{{cite web|first=Aakash|last=Chopra|date=4 January 2015|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/815687.html|title=What can India do against Steven Smith?|work=ESPNcricinfo Magazine}}</ref> Playing in a club match in January 2010, right-handed Smith took guard left-handed and hit a six.<ref>{{cite web|first=Will|last=Swanton |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/time-to-limit-the-amount-of-onedayers-and-give-twenty20-more-of-a-bash-20100121-mob5.html |title=Time to limit the amount of one-dayers and give Twenty20 more of a bash |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=22 January 2010 |access-date=9 August 2013}}</ref> Due to his unorthodox style, Smith was initially labelled as a limited-overs batsman who might struggle in the longer form of the game, especially early in his career when he was vulnerable outside off stump.<ref name="smithchopra"/> However, Smith compensates for his unique technique with outstanding hand-eye co-ordination, focus,<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith: Why Australia's batting hero is more than just a cricket obsessive |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/49300553 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=25 August 2019 |date=11 August 2019}}</ref> and his footwork, especially to spin bowlers, is exemplary.<ref name="smithchopra"/> Smith spontaneously experimented with his technique during the Perth Test match in the [[2013–14 Ashes series|2013–14 Ashes]], during which he decided to take a "prelim movement back and across" to counter short-pitched bowling.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/video/steve-smith-taylor-windows-10-analyser-technique-australia-pakistan-scg-third-test-video-highlights/2017-01-07|title=Smith takes us through his technique|date=7 January 2017|website=cricket.com.au|access-date=3 January 2018}}</ref> This change took his batting average from 33 in 2013 to 64.95 in 2019. As of 2024, it is 58.01.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/steven-smith-267192/bowling-batting-stats
| title = Steven Smith batting bowling stats
| website = ESPNcricinfo
| access-date = 31 July 2023
| archive-date = 31 July 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230731181107/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/steven-smith-267192/bowling-batting-stats
| url-status = live
}}</ref> At the time of delivery, Smith's stumps are fully covered, making bowled dismissals unlikely. This position also allows him to play to either the on or off side with ease.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Joshi |first1=Gaurav |title=Decoding Steve Smith's unique technique that has befuddled cricketing world |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/decoding-steve-smiths-unique-technique-that-has-befuddled-cricketing-world-4262513.html/amp |website=Firstpost |date=17 December 2017 |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The transformation of Steven Smith |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/892201.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=29 June 2015}}</ref>

Much of the credit for Smith's success can also be attributed to batting coach Trent Woodhill, who coached Smith as a junior and noted his abundant talent.<ref name="smithwoodhill"/> He has also defended Smith's unique batting style, and has long argued that in Australia, many naturally talented cricketers who may not necessarily have an orthodox technique are let down by over-coaching; in the years between leaving school and his elevation into international cricket, Smith had his technique picked apart by a number of well-intentioned coaches.<ref name="smithwoodhill"/> Since re-establishing his working relationship with Woodhill, Smith appears to have regained calm and confidence in his cricket, which has since produced results over the last few seasons.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jarrod|last=Kimber|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-india-2014-15/content/story/811903.html|title=The evolution of Steven Smith|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=19 December 2014}}</ref> {{When|date=February 2021}} Smith is also known for his concentration, being able to bat for long periods of time, even through a whole day's play.<ref>{{Citation|last=BT Sport|title="I hope Ben Stokes is hurting" {{!}} Must watch England debate following Ashes humiliation|date=18 December 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0zHRSplFHk|access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=You talk, Steven Smith bats |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26864449/you-talk-steven-smith-bats |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=1 June 2019 |date=31 May 2019}}</ref>

As a bowler, however, after his quick rise up the batting order (until he became captain, and settled in at 4),<ref>{{cite web|title = Smith confirms batting order reshuffle|url = https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-to-bat-at-number-3-three-in-third-test-adeliade-oval-day-night-pink-ball-australia/2015-11-17|website = cricket.com.au|access-date = 18 November 2015}}</ref> the comparisons to [[Shane Warne]] never gathered momentum. He was an able option as a leg spinner early in his career, but was under-used because he was described as a very defensive bowler.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/667655.html |title=A modern-day Benaud? |last=Mallett |first=Ashley |author-link=Ashley Mallett |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=3 September 2013 |access-date=5 January 2017 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620073548/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/667655.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Warne |first1=Shane |title=Shane Warne: Australian leg-spinner Steve Smith has chance to show he has the X-factor |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/australia/7888585/Shane-Warne-Australian-leg-spinner-Steve-Smith-has-chance-to-show-he-has-the-X-factor.html |website=www.telegraph.co.uk |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=14 July 2010}}</ref>

As a fielder, Smith is regarded as one of the best [[slip (cricket)|slip fielders]] ever to play cricket.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.crictracker.com/top-10-best-slip-fielders-at-the-moment/9/ |title=Top 10 best slip fielders at the moment |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=crictracker |date=28 June 2023}}</ref> He holds the record for the most catches in Tests by any Australian and is fastest player to take 300 catches in the history of international cricket. For catch rate per Test inning, he ranks second to [[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]], and ranks first for players with over 110 catches.<ref name="ReferenceA">[https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-catches-in-career-283548 'Most catches in career in Tests']. ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 4 March 2025.</ref> Smith has also displayed excellent ground fielding skills, capable of producing sharp [[run out|run-outs]] as well as athletic outfield catches and boundary saves.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

When he was captain for Australia, he had been initially tagged as the second "Captain Grumpy" since [[Allan Border]] early in his captaincy reign, having to warn [[Mitchell Starc]] for unsportsmanlike behaviour, and being highly critical of the team's bowling and fielding despite beating New Zealand by over 200 runs in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title = Smith laughs off 'grumpy' tag| date=12 November 2015 |url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/video_audio/940097.html|publisher = ESPNcricinfo|access-date = 13 November 2015}}</ref> Later, in 2017–2018, he publicly criticised [[Glenn Maxwell]]'s training regimen when Maxwell was dropped from the Australian ODI squad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-message-glenn-maxwell-funky-stuff-sheffield-shield-dropped-australia-odi-team/2018-01-03|title=Smith's strong advice for axed Maxwell|work=cricket.com.au|access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref> He was also criticised for having too much influence over team selections.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/cricket/steve-smith-slammed-he-should-not-be-a-selector/news-story/7f97e8692d586e8e91105dd5ef901e0a|title=Steve Smith slammed for 'picking his bloody mates'|work=NewsComAu|access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref>

Smith is consistently rated as one of the top-ranked [[Test cricket|Test]] [[Batting (cricket)|batsmen]] in the world, according to the [[ICC Player Rankings#Current rankings|ICC Player Rankings]].{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Career best performances==
{{Main|List of international cricket centuries by Steve Smith}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; float: right; clear: right; text-align:right; margin-left:15px"
|+ Centuries against different nations
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Test
! scope="col" | ODI
! scope="cool"| T20I
!Total
!Home
!Away
! Neutral
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left" | {{cr|1=England}}
| 13 || 1 || –
|14
|7
|7
| -
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left" | {{cr|1=India}}
| 11 || 5 || –
|16
|11
|4
|1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left" | {{cr|1=New Zealand}}
| 2 || 2 || –
|4
|3
|1
| -
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left" | {{cr|1=Pakistan}}
| 2 || 2 || –
|4
|3
| -
|1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left" | {{cr|1=South Africa}}
| 2 || 2 || –
|4
|2
|2
| -
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left" | {{cr|1=Sri Lanka}}
| 4 || – || –
|4
| -
|4
| -
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left" | {{cr|1=West Indies}}
| 3 || – || –
|3
|2
|1
| -
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: center" |Total
| 37|| 12||-
|49
|28
|19
|2
|-
|}

{{As of|2025|04}}, Smith has made a total of 54 first-class centuries, 15 List A centuries and 5 T20 centuries. Of these, 37 of his first-class centuries were scored in Test matches and 12 of his List A centuries scored in One Day Internationals. His best bowling figures of seven wickets for the cost of 64 runs (7/64) were taken for New South Wales against South Australia in the [[Sheffield Shield]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bull |first1=Andy |title=Steve Smith spins from England's grasp to boost Australia's attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/may/08/steve-smith-england-australia |website=The Guardian |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=8 May 2010}}</ref>

* Smith's highest score in Test and first-class cricket is 239 scored against [[England cricket team|England]] at the [[WACA Ground]], Perth in 2017.<ref name="espn1">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1072307.html|title=AUS 561/6 (156.5 ov, TD Paine 1*, MA Starc 1*, JM Anderson 2/92) – Live {{!}} Match Summary {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|work=Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>
* His highest score in ODI and List A cricket is 164 scored against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] in 2016.<ref name="ESPNcricinfo - 12 January 2016 - India tour of Australia, 1st ODI: Australia v India">{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-new-zealand-2016-17/engine/match/1001371.html|title= New Zealand tour of Australia, 1st ODI: Australia v NZ at Sydney, Dec 4, 2016|date=4 December 2016|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2016}}</ref>
* His highest score in Twenty20 International matches is 90 runs, scored against England at [[Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)|Sophia Gardens]], Cardiff in 2015.<ref name="ESPNcricinfo - 31 August 2015 - Australia tour of England and Ireland, 2015 - England v Australia">{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/the-ashes-2015/engine/match/743975.html|title= Australia tour of England and Ireland, 2015 – England v Australia Scorecard|date=31 August 2015|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=31 August 2015}}</ref>
* He has scored five T20 centuries. One in the IPL and four in the BBL. The first was for [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] against [[Gujarat Lions]] at [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], Pune in the [[2016 Indian Premier League]], the second was when he scored 101 off 56 balls against the [[Adelaide Strikers]] for the [[Sydney Sixers]] at [[Coffs Harbour International Stadium|C.ex Coffs International Stadium]], the third against the [[Sydney Thunder]] for the [[Sydney Sixers]] at the SCG in the [[2022–23 Big Bash League season]], where he scored 125 off 66 balls, the fourth against the [[Perth Scorchers]] for the [[Sydney Sixers]] at the scg in the [[2024-25 Big Bash League season]], where he scored 121 off 64 balls and the fifth against the [[Sydney Thunder]] for the [[Sydney Sixers]] at the scg in the [[2025-26 Big Bash League season]], where he scored 100 off 42 balls.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marcuson |first1=Jamie |title=Steve Smith scores maiden Twenty20 ton |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/steve-smith-scores-maiden-twenty20-ton-20160430-goivtj.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=30 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2016/engine/match/980949.html|title= Indian Premier League: Rising Pune Supergiants v Gujarat Lions at Pune, Apr 29, 2016|date=29 April 2016|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://live.cricket.com.au/match/3034/54547/sydney-sixers-men-vs-adelaide-strikers-men-kfc-bbl-12/scorecard?_gl=1*1h8xatw*_ga*OTI0OTgyMDQzLjE2Njk3ODkxMjM.*_ga_1GQDGSTHMG*MTY3NDEwNTU4Ni4xLjEuMTY3NDEwNTYwNC4wLjAuMA. |title=Steve Smith 10 year return after results in a century |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Live Cricket|date=17 January 2023}}</ref>

=== Test match performance ===
[[File:Steve Smith Graphical Test Batting Record.png|thumb|center|upright=3.0|Graphical representation of Smith's test cricket record ({{as of|2021|1|lc=y}}). Individual innings are represented by the blue and red (not out) bars; the black line is his career batting average.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HowSTAT! Test Cricket – Steve Smith – Batting Graph|url=https://www.howstat.com/cricket/statistics/Players/PlayerBatGraph.asp?PlayerID=3756|access-date=25 June 2021|website=www.howstat.com}}</ref>]]
{{clear}}

== Records and achievements ==


===Runs===
* Joint second-fastest batsman (after Don Bradman), youngest Australian and fourth youngest overall to reach 6,000 runs in Tests.<ref name="stats.espncricinfo.com"/><ref name="crictracker.com"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Smith soars to equal Sobers landmark |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-6000-test-runs-second-fastest-equals-sobers-trails-bradman-australia-england-ashes-scg/2018-01-05?mode=amp |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>
* Fastest batsman to reach 7,000 and 8,000 runs in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fastest to 7000 runs in Test cricket |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283185.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Super Smith smashes 73-year-old record |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-7000-test-runs-australia-pakistan-second-test-adelaide-oval-world-record-bradman-hammond/2019-11-30?mode=amp |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fastest to 8000 Test runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283187.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref>
* Second-fastest batsman (after [[Kumar Sangakkara]]), fourth Australian overall to reach 9,000 runs in [[Test cricket]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith becomes second quickest to reach 9000 Test runs |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ashes-2023-steve-smith-becomes-second-quickest-to-reach-9000-test-runs-8691266/ |work=indianexpress |date=29 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
* Fastest Australian batsman and sixth-fastest batsman in the world to reach 10,000 runs in [[International cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/steve-smith-joins-virat-kohli-joe-root-on-reaching-10000-international-runs-milestone/204326|title=Steve Smith joins Virat Kohli, Joe Root on reaching 10000 international runs milestone|website=timesnownews.com|date=3 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://crichow.com/stats-fastest-players-to-complete-10000-runs-in-international-cricket/|title=Stats: Fastest players to complete 10000 runs in International cricket|date=3 March 2018|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304231555/http://crichow.com/stats-fastest-players-to-complete-10000-runs-in-international-cricket/|archive-date=4 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Fastest Australian batsman to reach 14,000 runs in International cricket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steve Smith Completes 14000 Runs in International Cricket, Becomes Fastest Australian To Achieve The Landmark |url=https://www.probatsman.com/steve-smith-completes-14000-runs-in-international-cricket-becomes-fastest-australian-to-achieve-the-landmark |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=ProBatsman|date=20 November 2022}}</ref>

====Run feats====

* Second batsman to score more than 1,000 runs in [[Test cricket]] in four consecutive calendar years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-1000-runs-calendar-year-four-times-matthew-hayden-most-test-runs-2017/2017-12-16?mode=amp|title=Hayden's grand record within Smith's reach – cricket.com.au|website=www.cricket.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith's glorious four-year run |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21780489/steven-smith-glorious-four-year-run |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=16 December 2017}}</ref>
* First batsman to register ten successive scores of 50 or more against a single opponent in Test history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith's lowest score this series earns another record |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-record-milestone-australia-england-ashes-battle-highlights-video/2019-09-14 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref>
* Least number of innings to reach 32 centuries in Test cricket, with 174 innings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smith equals Waugh with latest chapter in Lord's story |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-test-century-32-lords-ashes-australia-england-milestone-steve-waugh/2023-06-29 |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=cricket.com.au}}</ref>
* First player to score a century in the [[Big Bash League]] for the [[Sydney Sixers]]. Smith scored 101 runs of 56 deliveries at [[Coffs Harbour International Stadium|C.ex Coffs International Stadium]] in [[Coffs Harbour]], New South Wales against the [[Adelaide Strikers]] in their 59 run win. He was also named Man of the Match.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Steve Smith first player for the Sydney Sixers to score a century, in there 59 run win against the Adelaide Strikers |url=https://live.cricket.com.au/match/3034/54547/sydney-sixers-men-vs-adelaide-strikers-men-kfc-bbl-12/scorecard?_gl=1*1h8xatw*_ga*OTI0OTgyMDQzLjE2Njk3ODkxMjM.*_ga_1GQDGSTHMG*MTY3NDEwNTU4Ni4xLjEuMTY3NDEwNTYwNC4wLjAuMA.. |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Live Cricket|date=17 January 2023}}</ref>


===World Cup===
* Joint most consecutive 50+ scores in [[List of Cricket World Cup records|World Cup history]] with five such scores in the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/267192.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=start;template=results;trophy=12;type=batting;view=match | access-date = 30 March 2015 | publisher = ESPNcricinfo| title = Steve Smith World Cup match list}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Virat Kohli Joins Steve Smith In Elite World Cup Club |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/world-cup-2019/virat-kohli-joins-steve-smith-in-elite-world-cup-club-2062055?amp=1&akamai-rum=off |newspaper=Ndtvsports.com |access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref>
* Joint most 50+ scores (four) in Cricket World Cup knockout matches.<ref name="Most 50+ scores in CWC knockouts"/>


===Fielding===
* During the [[Australian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18|2018 Australian tour to South Africa]], he equalled the world record by taking five catches as a non-wicketkeeper in a Test innings and was the 11th fielder to achieve this feat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-slips-catches-test-record-equalled-south-africa-australia-third-test-highlights-day-two/2018-03-23|title=Steve Smith joins elite club for taking 5 test catches in a single test innings|work=CricketAustralia|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref>
* Fastest player to take 300 catches in the history of international cricket and second-best ever catch rate per Test inning for players with over 70 catches.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* Most catches by an Australian in Test cricket.<ref name="Test catches record">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/fielding-most-catches-career/australia-2/test-matches-1|title=Most catches for Australia in Tests|work=ESPN CricInfo}}</ref>

=== Domestic Captaincy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%"
! |Team
! |Span
! |{{Abbr|M|Matches captained}}
! |Won
! |Lost
! |Tied
! |Draw
! |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! |{{Abbr|W–L%|Percentage of matches won, excluding ties and no results}}
! |Titles
|-
|- align="center"
|Sydney Sixers
|2011–14
|11
|8
|2
|1
|0
|0
|72.72
|1
|- align="center"
|Pune Warriors India
|2012
|1
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|- align="center"
|New South Wales (One-Day Cup)
|2013–15
|13
|10
|3
|0
|0
|0
|76.92
|2
|- align="center"
|New South Wales (Sheffield Shield)
|2014–25
|9
|6
|2
|0
|1
|0
|66.66
|1
|- align="center"
|Rajasthan Royals
|2014–20
|27
|15
|11
|0
|0
|1
|55.55
|0
|- align="center"
|Rising Pune Supergiant
|2017
|15
|10
|5
|0
|0
|0
|66.66
|0
|- align="center"
|Comilla Victorians
|2019
|2
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
|50.00
|0
|- align="center"
|Washington Freedom
|2024
|9
|7
|1
|0
|0
|1
|77.77
|1
|}

===Ratings===
* The second-highest [[ICC Player Rankings#Batsmen and Bowlers with a peak rating of 900 points or more|Test batting rating]] (947), behind [[Don Bradman]]'s 961, reached on 30 December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reliance ICC Best-Ever Test Championship Rating|url=https://www.relianceiccrankings.com/alltime/test/|website=Reliance ICC Rankings|access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref>
* Only player to win the [[ICC Test Player of the Year]] award more than once.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of winners |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/awards/previous-winners |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=9 March 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602221752/https://www.icc-cricket.com/awards/previous-winners |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Second youngest batsman to top the ICC Test batting rankings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Smith becomes second youngest player to top batting charts |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/181526 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>

===Awards===
* Youngest player to win the [[Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy]] (ICC Cricketer of the Year award) {{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
* Fastest batsman after [[Don Bradman|Donald Bradman]] (68 Innings) to reach 25 test centuries (119 Innings).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Steve Smith becomes second-fastest batsman to register 25 Test centuries|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/steve-smith-becomes-second-fastest-batsman-to-register-25-test-centuries-119080400541_1.html|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=4 August 2019|title=Steve Smith second-fastest to 25 Test tons, beats Kohli|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/steve-smith-second-fastest-to-25-test-tons-beats-kohli-752009.html|access-date=23 March 2021|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
* Fifth player to win the [[Allan Border Medal]] more than once.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/amp/idUKKBN1FW1DR|title=Australia captain Smith wins second Allan Border medal|work=Reuters|date=12 February 2018}}</ref>
* First cricketer to win the [[McGilvray Medal]] four times.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith wins fourth-straight McGilvray Medal |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-01-06/steve-smith-wins-record-fourth-straight-mcgilvray-medal/9307312?pfmredir=sm&section=sport |website=ABC News Sport |access-date=16 July 2019 |date=6 January 2018}}</ref>
* Named as the inaugural [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] [[Test cricket|Test]] [[batsman|cricketer]] of the decade, for the 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steve Smith 'humbled to be named Test player of the decade': Can't wait to see what next decade has in store|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/steve-smith-tweet-thanking-fans-well-wishers-icc-test-player-of-the-decade-award-1754850-2020-12-31|access-date=22 March 2021|website=India Today|date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 December 2020|title=ICC names Steve Smith as Men's Test Cricketer of the Decade, Rashid Khan wins T20I's player of the decade award|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/icc-names-steve-smith-as-men-s-test-cricketer-of-the-decade-rashid-khan-wins-t20i-s-player-of-the-decade-award/story-LLUuZGZmIJi6S6WoU7LWTN.html|access-date=22 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* Third player to win the Allan Border Medal four times, a record alongside former captains [[Ricky Ponting]] and [[Michael Clarke (cricketer)|Michael Clarke]].{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Honours==
===Team===
'''Sydney Sixers'''
* [[Big Bash League]]: [[2011–12 Big Bash League season|2011–12]], [[2019–20 Big Bash League season|2019–20]]
* [[Champions League Twenty20]]: [[2012 Champions League Twenty20|2012]]

'''Rising Pune Supergiant'''
* [[Indian Premier League]] runner-up: [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017]]

'''Comilla Victorians'''
* [[Bangladesh Premier League]]: [[2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League|2019]]

'''Washington Freedom'''
* [[Major League Cricket]]: [[2024 Major League Cricket|2024]]

===Sporting Honours===
* [[Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy]] (ICC Cricketer of the Year): 2015<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Steven Smith claims top ICC awards|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/954525.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=28 December 2015|date=23 December 2015}}</ref>
* [[ICC Awards#Test Cricketer Of The Year|ICC Test Cricketer of the Year]]: 2015,<ref name="auto"/> 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith named world's premier Test player |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/596898 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=4 January 2019}}</ref>
* [[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC Men's Test Cricketer of the Decade]]: 2011–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Smith named ICC Men's Test Player of the Decade |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1956784 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
* [[ICC Awards of the Decade|ICC Men's Test Team of the Decade]]: 2011–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=ICC Men's Test Team of the Decade|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/video/1955666 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
* [[ICC Test Team of the Year]]: 2015, 2016 (12th man), 2017,<ref name="auto"/> 2019{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
* [[ICC ODI Team of the Year]]: 2015<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Allan Border Medal]]: 2015,<ref name="cricket.com.au">{{cite web |title=Smith collects first Allan Border Medal |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-wins-allan-border-medal-test-player-of-year-odi-player-of-year/2015-01-27 |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref> 2018,<ref name="AB medal">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22405679/steven-smith-david-warner-win-big-allan-border-medal-night%3fplatform=amp|title=Smith, Warner win big on Allan Border medal night|date=12 February 2018|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> 2021,<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Steve Smith claims third Allan Border Medal |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-ab-allan-border-medal-winner-australia-cricket-awards-2020-2021/2021-02-06?mode=amp |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="AB medal 2021">{{cite web |title=Smith and Mooney crowned Australia's players of the year |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2016157 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref> 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the winners from the Australian Cricket Awards |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/australian-cricket-awards-all-the-winners-2023-live-coverage-allan-border-medal-belinda-clark-award/2023-01-30 |access-date=30 January 2023 |website=cricket.com.au}}</ref>
* [[Allan Border Medal#Shane Warne Men's Test Player of the Year|Australian Test Player of the Year]]: 2015, 2018<ref name="AB medal"/>
* [[Allan Border Medal#Men's One Day International Player of the Year|Australian One Day International Player of the Year]]: 2015,<ref name="cricket.com.au"/> 2021<ref name="AB medal 2021"/>
* [[Compton–Miller Medal]]: 2017–18,<ref>{{cite web |title=Smith wins Compton-Miller Medal |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/steve-smith-australia-england-ashes-compton-miller-medal-player-of-the-series/2018-01-08?mode=amp |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref> 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia lift Ashes after drawn series |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/match-report/australia-england-day-four-match-report-fifth-test-ashes-the-oval-listen-live-video-highlights/2019-09-16?mode=amp |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref>
* [[McGilvray Medal]]: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
* Steve Waugh Award: 2009–10, 2011–12<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketnsw.com.au/about/honour-board/awards|title=Awards – Cricket NSW|website=cricketnsw.com.au|access-date=28 March 2018|archive-date=19 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319005434/http://www.cricketnsw.com.au/about/honour-board/awards|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|Wisden Cricketer of the Year]]: 2016<ref>{{cite web|first=Daniel|last=Brettig|title=Steven Smith – Wisden Cricketers of the Year 2015|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/1008143.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=30 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807195719/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/1008143.html|archive-date=7 August 2017|date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Ali|last=Martin|title=Wisden 2016: Stokes, Bairstow, Smith, McCullum and Williamson are players of the year|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/apr/13/wisden-2016-england-transformation-stokes-bairstow-smith-mccullum-williamson|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=13 April 2016|access-date=30 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807193538/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/apr/13/wisden-2016-england-transformation-stokes-bairstow-smith-mccullum-williamson|archive-date=7 August 2017}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[The Test: A New Era for Australia's Team|The Test]], a 2020 Australian English-language TV documentary, produced as an Original for Amazon Prime Video. The documentary was also co-produced by [[Cricket Australia]]. The documentary revolves around the [[2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal|Infamous ball-tampering scandal at Cape Town in March 2018]] and how Australia rebuilt their reputation after the scandal. Smith's redemption and his dominating batting display in the [[2019 Ashes]] after the scandal was one of the key point of the series.<ref>{{Cite news|title=From ball tampering to Ashes success – what's in Amazon's Aussie documentary|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/51756397|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mohanarangan|first=Vinayakk|title=From ball-tampering low to Ashes high, Steve Smith's redemption story is highlight of 'The Test'|url=https://scroll.in/field/956911/the-test-steve-smiths-ashes-redemption-the-highlight-of-amazons-series-on-australian-cricket|access-date=22 March 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=22 March 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of cricketers by number of international centuries scored]]
* [[List of cricketers who have scored centuries in both innings of a Test match]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Publications==
* {{Cite book| last = Smith| first = Steve| title = The Journey: My story, from backyard cricket to Australian Captain| year = 2017| publisher = Allen & Unwin| location = Australia| isbn = 9781760639754}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote|Steve Smith}}
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=267192}}
*[https://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Players/PlayerOverview.asp?PlayerID=3756 Steve Smith at Howstat]
*[https://www.cricket.com.au/players/steven-smith/TE36ClmEBE2_hJ7M7EKBzw Steve Smith] at [[Cricket Australia]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}

{{succession box
| title = [[Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy]]
| before = [[Mitchell Johnson]]
| after = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| years = 2015
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[ICC Men's Test Cricketer of the Year]]
| before = [[Mitchell Johnson]]
| after = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| years = 2015
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[ICC Men's Test Cricketer of the Year]]
| before = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| after = [[Virat Kohli]]
| years = 2017
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Allan Border Medal]]
| before = [[Mitchell Johnson]]
| after = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
| years = 2015
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Allan Border Medal]]
| before = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
| after = [[Pat Cummins]]
| years = 2018
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Allan Border Medal]]
| before = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]]
| after = [[Mitchell Starc]]
| years = 2021
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Allan Border Medal]]
| before = [[Mitchell Starc]]
| after = Mitchell Marsh
| years = 2023
}}
{{s-end}}

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Halam tribe

2026-03-17T22:20:13Z

Tanwarpal Singh: minor adjusted details for consistency

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Halam {{smaller|(Rwm)Riam, Old Kuki)}}
| population = 58,000 (approx.)
| genealogy =
| regions = [[India]] [[Tripura]] [[Bangladesh]]
| languages = [[Mizo-Kuki-Chin]]{{•}} [[Molsom language|Kaipeng]]{{·}} [[Molsom language|Molsom]],[[Chorei Language]] [[Chorei language]]{{•}} [[Ranglong language|Ranglong]]{{·}} [[Hrangkhol language|Hrangkhol]]{{·}}[[Sakachep language|Sakachep]]{{·}}[[Bawng language|Bawng]]{{·}} [[Saimar language]]{{·}} [[Dab language|Dab]]
| religions = [[Christianity]]{{·}}[[Hinduism]]{{·}}[[Animism]]
| related = [[Chin people|Chin]]{{·}} [[Kuki people|Kuki]]{{·}} [[Mizo people|Mizo]]
}}

The '''Halam''' community are various tribes native to the state of [[Tripura]] in [[India]]. The name ''Halam'' was coined by the ''[[Tripura|Tipra]] [[Maharaja]]''.<ref name="Varman, S.B.K. 1986. p. 25">Varman, S.B.K.: The Tribes of Tripura – A dissertation. Gov't Press. Agartala. Directorate of Research. 1986. 2nd Edition. p. 25.</ref> As per their oral tradition they called themselves "[[Riam language|Riam]]", which literally means "human being". And lyrically they also call themselves "Riamrai, Chepvon, Reivon, Longvon etc.". The Halam are further divided into 12 [[Tribes|sub-tribe]]s, namely Sakachep, [[Chorei]], Molsom, [[Hrangkhol people|Hrangkhol]], Kaipeng, Kalai, [[Ranglong]], Thangachep, Bongcher, [[Korbwng]], Dab and Rupini.

==History==
In terms of ethnology and language, the [[Halam community]] group belongs to Old [[Kuki people|Kuki]] groups. But it is difficult to trace their original settlement. Different scholars propounded different theories in analyzing the migratory route of Halam. However, no anthropological research documents are available about them. According to their own belief and tradition the Halam originated from a place called 'Khurpuitabum' meaning 'a big cave,’ which is supposed to be somewhere in south central China. This theory of origin is very common among the [[Chin-Mizo-Kuki]] groups with slight variations in name. Apart from Halam group, the Old [[Kuki tribes]] like [[Chorei]], [[Khelma/Sakachep]], [[Aimol]], [[Ranglong]], [[Hrangkhol people|Hrangkhol]] inhabit in the [[Karimganj district]] of [[Assam]], [[North Tripura]] and [[Dalai district]] of [[Tripura]] and [[Mizoram]], [[Anāl people|Anal]], [[Chawthe]], [[Chiru]], [[Koireng people|Koren]], [[Kom people (India)|Kom]], [[Lamgang]], [[Purum]], [[Tikhup]] and [[Vaiphei people|Vaiphei]] of [[Manipur]] also asserted that they are the descendant of a couple who came out of 'Khurpui' meaning 'cave' (B. Lalthangliana, 2001, [[Mizo people|Mizo]] Chanchin, Remkungi, [[Aizawl]], p. 37)

According to S.B.K. Dev Varman, the [[Halam community]] coined by Tipra Maharaja (S.B.K. Dev Varman, The Tribes of Tripura, p. 35). The Halams group are said to be migrated from 'Khurpuitabum,’ a place in the hills just to the north of [[Manipur]] (Ibid. p. 35). Those of the [[Kukis]], who had submitted to the Tripura Raja, came to be known as Halam (http://www.tripuratribes.ac.in{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}).

Regarding the origin of the term 'Halam,’ some suggest that 'Halam' means 'killer of human beings' (K.S. Singh, People of India, Vol. V, p. 1243). Perhaps, the neighboring people might name them 'Halam' as they were ferocious and used to killed strangers in olden days. The term 'Halam' is expected to be coined by others. One interpretation is that, in Tripuri language, 'Ha' means 'earth' and 'Lam' means 'route'. So it means 'earth route.' It is said that when they came in contact with the king of Tripura, the Maharaja had given them the title 'Halam.' From this definition, it can be presumed that Halam migrated to their present place of settlement through earth route. However, there is no agreed point on the origin of the term 'Halam.' In the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes orders (Amendment) Act. 1976, Halam is placed at No. 6 in the list of Scheduled Tribes of Tripura.

==Changes in religious practices==
Conversion to [[Christianity]] started around the mid-1900s. About 30% of the Halam are Christian.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tracing the threads of time: A Historical Perspective on the Halam Community in Tripura. |url=https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2502125.pdf |website=ijsdr.org |access-date=17 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317221901/https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2502125.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> The spread of Christianity among the Halam does not interfere with cultural activities (except religious activities). The Christian Halam attended the socio-cultural ceremonies of their Hindu neighbors. They participate in and depend on the traditional village administration as do their Hindu neighbors. There is a reason why the Tripura Raja differentiate Halam from Kuki, Halam people do not have king or chief nor their own ''god'' to worship. So, the Raja appointed ''Sordar'' to rule Halam people, and an ''idol'' for each clan to worship. E.g. Mualţhuam/Molsom sub-tribe are given an idol made from Gooseberry tree, they called ''Zobawmthang''.<ref>Lalthangliana, B.: History and Culture of Mizo in India, Burma & Bangladesh. 2001. Aizawl. RTM Press. p. 85.</ref> Bawngcher sub-clan are given ''Thirlum Thirphrai''. ''Thirlum'' is an iron ball smaller than the size of cricket ball, ''Thirphrai'' is an iron plate, a size of thumb. Both have no inscriptions on them.<ref>Sailiana Sailo: The Bongchers. p. 27.</ref>

==Diaspora==
During the [[British Raj]], the Halam of [[Tripura]] were transported to the [[Sylhet region]] to work in tea plantations. They can still be found in [[Sylhet District|Sylhet]] and [[Habiganj District|Habiganj]] districts of Bangladesh, where they continue this livelihood. They make up a population of only 5000. Use of the [[Kokborok language]] is rapidly decreasing with the [[Bengali language]] being more common nowadays. They are divided into 12 clans; Machafang, Migli, Chorei, Bongcher, [[Hrangkhol people|Hrangkhol]], Kalai, Molsom, Rupini, Mitahar, Langkai, [[Ranglong]] and Kaipeng.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|first=Subhash|last=Jengcham|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Halam|chapter=Halam|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |title=Echoes from Lungleng Tang: Bongcher Literature of Oral Tradition |translator=Saroj Chaudhuri |editor1=Kamal Bongcher |editor2=Zohming Thanga Bongcher |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |date=2011 |isbn=9788126032105}}
* {{cite book |last=Halam |first=Abhi Oy |title=History and Culture of the Halam Tribe |publisher=[[Tribal Research and Cultural Institute]], Government of Tripura |date=2020 |isbn=978-93-86707-21-5}}

{{Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}
{{Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Halam People}}
[[Category:Kuki tribes]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]

Muraqqa

2026-03-17T11:18:34Z

Tanwarpal Singh:

{{short description|Album in book form containing Islamic miniature paintings and calligraphy}}
[[File:Youth kneeling and holding out a wine-cup.jpg|thumb|''Youth kneeling and holding out a wine-cup''. Safavid period, early 17th century. Isfahan School. Ink and color wash on paper. Freer Sackler Gallery F1928.10.<ref>[http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1928.10&bcrumb=true Freer Sackler Gallery F1928.10]</ref>]]
[[File:Ruba'is by Hafiz - Nasta'liq script.jpg|thumb|Some verses in Persian [[nasta'liq]] script, probably always a single page meant for a ''muraqqa''; 16–17th century.]]

A '''Muraqqa''' ({{langx|fa|مُرَقّع}} , {{langx|ar|مورّقة}} {{langx|tr|Murakka}}){{cn|date=October 2024}} is an album in book form containing Islamic miniature paintings and specimens of [[Islamic calligraphy]], normally from several different sources, and perhaps other matter. The album was popular among collectors in the Islamic world, and by the later 16th century became the predominant format for miniature painting in the Persian [[Safavid]], [[Mughal Empire]], and [[Ottoman Empire]], greatly affecting the direction taken by the painting traditions of the [[Persian miniature]], [[Ottoman miniature]] and [[Mughal miniature]].<ref>Froom. (2001), 1.; Rizvi, 800</ref> The album largely replaced the full-scale illustrated manuscript of classics of [[Persian poetry]], which had been the typical vehicle for the finest miniature painters up to that time. The great cost and delay of commissioning a top-quality example of such a work essentially restricted them to the ruler and a handful of other great figures, who usually had to maintain a whole workshop of calligraphers, artists and other craftsmen, with a librarian to manage the whole process.

An album could be compiled over time, page by page, and often included miniatures and pages of calligraphy from older books that were broken up for this purpose, and allowed a wider circle of collectors access to the best painters and calligraphers, although they were also compiled by, or presented to, shahs and emperors. The earliest ''muraqqa'' were of pages of calligraphy only; it was at the court in [[Herat]] of the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] prince [[Baysunghur]] in the early 15th century that the form became important for miniature painting. The word ''muraqqa'' means "that which has been patched together" in [[Farsi|Persian]].<ref>Froom, 1-2; Thackston, vii</ref>

The works in an album, typically of different original sizes, were trimmed or mounted on standard size pages, often with new border decoration being added. When the compilation was considered complete it was bound, often very luxuriously, with an [[Islamic book-cover]] that might be highly decorated with [[lacquer]]ed paint, gold stamping on leather, or other techniques. Other ''muraqqa'' might be bound in a special [[concertina]]-like form. Many were arranged with pages of calligraphy facing miniatures, the matching of verse to image allowing some scope for the creativity of the compiler.<ref>A regular theme of prefaces - see Roxburgh, 111-112</ref> Albums containing only calligraphy tended to be arranged chronologically to show the development of a style. The bindings of many albums allowed items to be added and removed, or they were just removed from the centre of the page, and such changes were often made; some albums had marks which allow changes to be traced.<ref>Froom, 5-6</ref> The grandest albums had specially written prefaces which are the source of a high proportion of surviving contemporary writing on the arts of the book, and the biographies of painters and calligraphers; these tended to be written by calligraphers. For calligraphers too the single page for an album became the "bread and butter" source of income,<ref>Canby, quote on 47</ref> using mostly texts from poetry, whether extracts from a long classic or [[ghazal]] lyrics, but sometimes an extract from the [[Qur'an]], perhaps given the place of honour at the start of the album. Album pages often have areas of [[Ottoman illumination|decorated illumination]] (as in the illustration) that share their motifs with other media, notably book-covers and carpet designs, the best of which were in fact probably mostly produced by the same type of artist at court, and sent to the weavers.<ref>Canby, 42-49, 45 on Qur'an, 83 on carpets.</ref>

While the classic Islamic [[illuminated manuscript]] tradition had concentrated on rather crowded scenes with strong narrative content as illustrations in full texts of classic and lengthy works like the ''[[Shahnameh]]'' and the ''[[Khamsa of Nizami]]'', the single miniature intended from the start for a ''muraqqa'' soon developed as a simpler scene with fewer, larger, figures, often showing idealized beauties of either sex in a garden setting, or genre figures from nomadic life, usually with no real or fictional identities attached to them. In Mughal India realistic portraiture, nearly always of rulers or courtiers, became a very common feature, and in Ottoman Turkey portraits of the Sultans, often very stylised, were a particular speciality. Fully coloured scenes tended to give way to part-drawn and part-painted ones, or to figures with little or no background. The album to some extent overlaps with the anthology, a collection of different pieces where the main emphasis is on the texts, but which can also include paintings and drawings inserted from different sources.

==Shift to the album==
[[File:A Young Lady Reclining After a Bath, Leaf from the Read Persian Album Herat (Afghanistan), 1590s. By Muhammad Mu’min MS M.386.5r. Purchased by Pierpont Morgan.jpg|thumb|350px|''A Young Lady Reclining After a Bath'', [[Herat]] 1590s, a single miniature for the ''muraqqa'' market]]

=== Iran ===
The dominant tradition of miniature painting in the late [[Middle Ages]] was that of [[Persia]], which had a number of centres, but all usually dependent on one key patron, whether the shah himself, or a figure either governing a part of the country from a centre such as [[Herat]], where Baysunghur was an important patron in the early 15th century, or the ruler of a further part of the [[Persianate]] world in a centre like [[Bukhara]]. As the [[Safavid dynasty]] centralized Persian rule in the 16th century the number of potential patrons of a full-size atelier declined, but the atelier of the shah expanded and produced a number of superb illustrated books, using a variety of very talented artists on each. However, in the 1540s Shah [[Tahmasp I]], previously a keen patron, lost interest in commissioning books, and thereafter the Persian miniature painting tradition lacked a steady source of commissions for books in the old style. After a gap of some years, Tahmasp's nephew [[Ibrahim Mirza]] established an atelier at [[Mashad]], which produced the [[Freer Jami]] in the 1560s, and which Shah [[Ismail II of Persia|Ismail II]] took over after having its former patron killed in 1577. But Ismail's reign was very brief, and thereafter consistent large-scale patronage was lacking. It was in this period that the single miniature designed for inserting in an album came to be dominant; such works had long been produced, but now they became the main source of income for many artists, who probably often produced them speculatively with no commission, and then looked to sell them (little is known about the market for album miniatures).<ref>Titley, 113-114; Riza; Brend, 165-166</ref>

The artist who epitomises the Persian album miniature is [[Riza Abbasi]], active from the 1580s until his death in 1635, whose early single miniatures of groups are somewhat like those in narrative scenes, but lacking any actual narrative attached to them. He soon turned to, and developed, subjects mostly of one or two figures, often portrait-like, although very few identities are given or were probably ever intended to be recognised. There are a large number of beautiful youths, to whose clothes great attention is paid.<ref>Riza</ref>

===Ottoman Empire===
[[File:Sarayi Album 145ba.jpg|thumb|15th century portrait of [[Mehmet II]] (1432-1481), showing Italian influence]]
The best Ottoman painting was heavily concentrated in the capital, which from 1453 was [[Istanbul]], and the most important patron was always the Sultan. The royal library remains very largely intact in Turkey, mostly at [[Topkapi Palace]], and was greatly enriched by Persian manuscripts, initially taken during the several Ottoman invasions of eastern Persia, and later, after a treaty in 1555, often received as [[diplomatic gift]]s. Many of these manuscripts were broken up to use the miniatures in albums.<ref>Titley, 133-135</ref> Persian artists were imported from virtually the start of the Ottoman tradition, but especially in the 16th century; sixteen artists were brought back just from the brief Ottoman conquest of [[Tabriz]] in 1514, though by 1558 the palace records list only nine foreign artists of all kinds, against twenty-six Turks. But a distinctively Ottoman style can be seen from the start of the 16th century, with pictures showing simpler landscape backgrounds, more sea and ships, neatly tented army camps, distant cityscapes, more individual characterization of faces, but also a less refined technique. There was strong European influence, mostly from [[Venice]], but this was restricted to portraiture.<ref>Titley, 136-142</ref>

Turkish albums include mixtures of collected miniatures similar to those in Persia, and often including Persian pieces, with the addition of rather more greatly elaborated pen drawings of an essentially decorative nature, of a foliage motif, or a bird or animal treated largely as such. Albums dedicated to the sultans, with portraits and laudatory pieces of text, are a distinctive Turkish type, and there were also albums of scenes of Turkish life, showing the relatively uniform costume of different ranks in society, methods of torture and execution, and other scenes of interest to the mostly Western foreigners they were produced for, matching similar [[Old master print|prints]] made in contemporary Europe.<ref>Titley, 151, 157-158</ref>

One very distinctive type of miniature is found only in Ottoman albums, though they may have been brought from Persia as booty, and perhaps were not intended for albums originally. These are eighty or so the mysterious and powerful images grouped under the name of [[Siyah Qalam]], meaning "Black Pen" (or drunk or evil pen), full of demons and scenes which suggest nomadic life in Central Asia, though it has also been suggested that they come from a single Persian court artist letting himself go. They are perhaps from the early 15th century, reaching Turkey in the 16th.<ref>Robinson, 37; Walther & Wolf, 254-255</ref>

Another distinctive type of Ottoman work is the [[découpage]] or cut paper miniature, where different colours of paper, cut with minute detail then pasted together, are used to create the image. This technique was used for book-covers in Timurid Persia, which were then varnished over for protection, but in Turkey the images were treated as miniatures and went inside albums; the technique was also much used for page border decoration.<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/a/a_lion_attacking_a_deer.aspx ''A lion attacking a deer'', stencilled scene of découpage paper shapes] British Museum; Titley, 158, 229, 242</ref>

=== Mughal Empire & South Asian Subcontinent ===
[[File:Five Recruits- Ummee Chund, Indur, Goolzaree, Bukhtawur and Juhaz - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|left|[[Company style]] miniature of ''Five Recruits'' to a British Indian military unit, c. 1815]]
The [[Mughal dynasty]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]] was rather later in establishing a large court atelier, which did not begin until after the exile in Persia of the second emperor, [[Humayun]], who on his return was joined from about 1549 by Persian artists including [[Abd as-Samad]]. The Mughal style developed under the next emperor, [[Akbar]], who commissioned some very large illustrated books, but his artists produced single miniatures for albums as well. In the case of the [[Jahangirnama]], the emperor [[Jahangir]] kept a diary and commissioned paintings separately, which were most likely held in the [[Kitabkhana]] (किताबखाना), until his official contribution to the court chronicle genre could be assembled.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_QNAQAAMAAJ|title=The Jahangirnama|last=Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery|first=Smithsonian Institution|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Foreword by Milo Cleveland Beach|year=1999|isbn=0195127188|editor-last=Shaner|editor-first=Lynne|location=New York|pages=vi–vii}}</ref> From fairly early the Mughal style made a strong feature of realistic portraiture, usually in profile, and perhaps influenced by Western prints, which were available at the Mughal court. For a long time portraits were always of men, often accompanied by generalized female servants or [[concubine]]s; but there is scholarly debate about the representation of female court members in portraiture. Some scholars claim there are no known extant likenesses of figures like [[Jahanara Begum]] and [[Mumtaz Mahal]], and others attribute miniatures, for example from the [[Dara Shikoh]] album or the [[Freer Gallery of Art]] mirror portrait, to these famous noblewomen.<ref>Crill and Jariwala, 23-30</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDl3MAEACAAJ&q=the+mughal+empire,+art+culture+and+empire|title=Mughal India: Art, Culture and Empire Manuscripts and Paintings in the British Library|last1=Losty|first1=J.P.|last2=Roy|first2=Malini|publisher=The British Library|year=2012|isbn=9780712358705|location=London|pages=132–133}}</ref><ref>Abid. Reign of Shah Jahan, portrait by Abid dated 1628; assembled late 17th century. ''Mirror Case With Portrait of Mumtaz Mahal''. Freer Gallery of Art. F2005.4 [http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F2005.4&bcrumb=true]</ref> Another popular subject area was realistic studies of animals and plants, mostly flowers; from the 17th century equestrian portraits, mostly of rulers, became another popular borrowing from the West.<ref>Crill and Jariwala, 68</ref> The single idealized figure of the Riza Abbasi type was less popular, but fully painted scenes of lovers in a palace setting became popular later. Drawings of genre scenes, especially showing holy men, whether Muslim or Hindu, were also popular.

Akbar had an album, now dispersed, consisting entirely of portraits of figures at his enormous court which had a practical purpose; according to chroniclers he used to consult it when discussing appointments and the like with his advisors, apparently to jog his memory of who the people being discussed were. Many of them, like medieval European images of saints, carried objects associated with them to help identification, but otherwise the figures stand on a plain background.<ref>Crill and Jariwala, 66</ref> There are a number of fine portraits of Akbar, but it was under his successors [[Jahangir]] and Shah Jahan that the portrait of the ruler became firmly established as a leading subject in Indian miniature painting, which was to spread to both Muslim and Hindu princely courts across India.<ref>Crill and Jariwala, 27-39, and catalogue entries</ref>

In the 18th and 19th centuries Indian artists working in the hybrid Indo-European [[Company style]] produced albums of miniatures for Europeans living in India as part of the [[British Raj]] and its French and Portuguese equivalents. Some Europeans collected or were given earlier Indian miniatures; the Large and Small Clive albums were presented to [[Lord Clive]], and are now in the [[Victoria & Albert Museum]] in London.<ref>[https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O86414/painting-a-flower-study/ Small Clive album] [[Victoria & Albert Museum]].</ref> Others created albums of new work, tending to concentrate on animal portraits and the houses, horses and other possessions of this wealthy group. In the 19th century images of Indians and their costumes, often categorized by regional and ethnic type, or occupation, became very popular. Large-scale patrons included Colonel [[James Skinner (soldier)|James Skinner]] of Skinner's Horse fame, who had a [[Rajput]] mother, and for natural history paintings, [[Mary Impey]], wife of [[Elijah Impey]], who commissioned over three hundred, and the [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Marquess Wellesley]], brother of the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|first Duke of Wellington]], who had over 2,500 miniatures.

<gallery widths="px" heights="px">
File:A noble lady, Mughal dynasty, India. 17th century.jpg| A noble lady, Mughal dynasty, India. 17th century. Color and gold on paper. [http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1907.219&bcrumb=true Freer Gallery of Art F1907.219.]
File:Jahangir holding a globe, 1614-1618.jpg|[[Jahangir]] holding a globe, 1614-1618. India.
File:Jahangir, 17th century.jpg|[[Jahangir]], Mughal dynasty, Reign of Jahangir, 17th century. India. Color and gold on paper.[http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1907.187&bcrumb=true Freer Gallery of Art. F1907.187].
File:Shah Jahan and his son, Dara Shikoh, c17th century.jpg|[[w:Shah Jahan|Shah Jahan]] and his son, [[w:Dara Shikoh|Dara Shikoh]] hunting, Mughal, India. c 17th century. Color and gold on paper. [http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1907.196&bcrumb=true Freer Sackler Gallery F1907.196]
</gallery>

==Use of albums==
[[File:Emperor Jahangir receiving his two sons, an album-painting in gouache on paper, c 1605-06.jpg|thumb|upright|Manohar, Emperor [[Jahangir]] receiving his two sons, an album-painting in gouache on paper, c. 1605-6]]
[[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art cal 0007.jpg|thumb|upright|Eight separate pieces of calligraphy by five different Ottoman calligraphers ([[Sheikh Hamdullah]], [[Hâfiz Osman]], Yusuf Efendi (d. 1729), [[Egrikapili Mehmed Rasim Efendi|Mehmed Rasim]] and [[Mahmud Celaleddin Efendi]]) which were trimmed and pasted onto separate sheets of paper and mounted on a single sheet of muraqqa page]]
Albums were often presented as gifts to mark a milestone in life. Chroniclers record that when the Persian Prince [[Ibrahim Mirza]] was killed in 1577, on the orders of Shah [[Tahmasp I]], his wife, Tahmasp's sister, destroyed artworks including an album containing miniatures by [[Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād|Behzad]] among others, which her husband had compiled and given her for their wedding, washing the miniatures in water.<ref>Titley, 105</ref> Perhaps she did not want anything to fall into the hands of her brother, who had ordered his death, and who did take over the prince's atelier.<ref>[http://www.akdn.org/museum/detail.asp?artifactid=1731 Aga Khan Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724231354/http://www.akdn.org/museum/detail.asp?artifactid=1731 |date=2011-07-24 }}</ref> Albums were often presented to rulers on their accession, or in Turkey at New Year. They could also be given as diplomatic gifts between rulers.<ref>Tanidi, 1</ref>

A muraqqa was created for Sultan [[Murad III]] in 1572 when he ascended to the throne, which is unusual because the dedication is very detailed, including the date and place of creation, namely Istanbul, 980 AH/1572-73 AD.<ref>A. E.Froom, (2001). "Collecting Tastes: A Muraqqa’ for Sultan Murad III". Electronic Journal of Oriental Studies IV: 19, pp. 1.</ref> The dedication is to Murad III, also naming his compiler Mehmed Cenderecizade. The Murad III muraqqa was designed much more extravagantly than other Islamic muraqqa and with original nakkashane (Ottoman painting studio) border paintings.<ref>Emine F. Fetvaci, (2005). "Viziers to Eunuchs: Transitions in Ottoman Manuscript Patronage, 1566--1617." Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Harvard University. pp. 28.</ref> This muraqqa contained miniature paintings, ink drawings, and calligraphy, including [[ghazals]]. The Murad III muraqqa has twenty-four miniatures created in the cities of [[Bukhara]] to the east of Persia, [[Tabriz]], [[Isfahan]], and [[Qazvin]] in Persia, and [[Istanbul]] between the late fifteenth and seventeenth centuries.<ref>A. E.Froom, (2001). "Collecting Tastes: A Muraqqa’ for Sultan Murad III". Electronic Journal of Oriental Studies IV: 19, p. 2, 7.</ref> It has a two-page introduction written in Persian, which is similar in structure to [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] and [[Safavid]] album prefaces, and indicates that this muraqqa was compiled in Istanbul less than two years before Murad III became Sultan.<ref>E.Froom, (2001). "Collecting Tastes: A Muraqqa’ for Sultan Murad III". Electronic Journal of Oriental Studies IV: 19, p. 4.; Sheila S. Blair. (2000). "Color and Gold: The Decorated Papers Used in Manuscripts in Later Islamic Times." Muqarnas. 17. pp. 26.</ref>

Another album in the Ottoman royal collection contains only Western images, mostly [[old master print|prints]] but including a drawing in pen of an ''Ornamental Scroll with [[Putti]] and Penises'', "for the merriment of adult guests at a dinner in [[Beyoğlu|Pera]]". The collection was probably assembled for a [[Florence|Florentine]] in the late 15th century, probably a merchant living in Istanbul (where Pera was the quarter for Westerners). The other 15 images are a mixed group of Florentine [[engraving]]s, mostly unique impressions (i.e. otherwise unknown), with some religious subjects and a coloured print of [[Mehmet II]], who apparently acquired the album. It is of interest to art historians because only a small handful of early albums of Western prints survive anywhere, having been broken up by later collectors or dealers; they were probably common among collectors in Europe at the time.<ref>Landau & Parshall, 91-95; one might query the title, as the "putti" are rather rough-looking adults.</ref>

=== Examples from the Mughal Court ===
* ''Salim Album'', produced in the reign of [[Akbar the Great]], contains both Christian images and portraits of Hindu courtiers.
* ''Minto Albums'', from the reign of [[Shah Jahan]], contains miniatures depicting royal courtiers, gardens, and images of wildlife, surrounded by elaborate floral borders.
* ''Shah Jahan Album'', now dispersed, as it was split up by [[George Joseph Demotte]], a Belgian dealer. Many of the sheets are now in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York.
*''[[Kevorkian Album]]'', now mostly split between New York (Metropolitan) and Washington (Freer).
*''[[Gulshan Album]]'', compiled by Emperor [[Jahangir]], now mostly in the [[Golestan Palace]], Tehran.

== In modern times ==
[[Abdur Rahman Chughtai]] was a painter who was responsible for the revival of the muraqqa in the [[Indian subcontinent]] in 1928 after publishing his Muraqqa-I Chughtai. When he started painting in the 1910s his major influence was [[Hindu mythology]], but by the 1920s he was inspired by Islamic artwork including the muraqqa, [[ghazals]], and [[Ottoman miniature]]s.<ref>Iftikhar Dadi, (2006). "Miniature Painting as Muslim Cosmopolitanism" ISIM Review: International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World. No. 18 pp. 53.
</ref>

Using the emergent tools of [[digital humanities]], Sumathi Ramaswamy at [[Duke University]] has recreated the form of a Mughal muraqqa’ to track the itineraries of the [[terrestrial globe]] in early modern [[India]].<ref>Sumathi Ramaswamy, ‘Going Global in Mughal India’ (http://sites.duke.edu/globalinmughalindia/)</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===
*Abid. Reign of Shah Jahan, portrait by Abid dated 1628; assembled late 17th century. ''[http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F2005.4&bcrumb=true Mirror Case With Portrait of Mumtaz Mahal]''. Freer Gallery of Art. F2005.4
*Brend, Barbara. ''Islamic art'', Harvard University Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0-674-46866-X}}, 9780674468665
*"Canby (2009)", Canby, Sheila R. (ed). ''Shah Abbas; The Remaking of Iran'', 2009, British Museum Press, {{ISBN|978-0-7141-2452-0}}
*"Riza" – Canby, Sheila R., ''Riza [Riżā; Reza; Āqā Riżā; Āqā Riżā Kāshānī; Riżā-yi ‛Abbāsī]'', in [[Oxford Art Online]] (subscription required), accessed 5 March 2011
*Crill, Rosemary, and Jariwala, Kapil. ''The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860'', [[National Portrait Gallery, London]], 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-85514-409-5}}
*Dadi, Iftikhar (2006). "Miniature Painting as Muslim Cosmopolitanism" ISIM Review: International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World. No. 18 pp. 52–53.
*Fetvaci, Emine F. (2005). "Viziers to Eunuchs: Transitions in Ottoman Manuscript Patronage, 1566–1617." Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Harvard University. pp. 1–533
*Froom, A. E. (2001). "Collecting Tastes: A Muraqqa’ for Sultan Murad III". Electronic Journal of Oriental Studies IV: 19, pp. 1–14.
*Landau, David, and Parshall, Peter. ''The Renaissance Print'', Yale, 1996, {{ISBN|0-300-06883-2}}
*Losty, J.P.; Roy, Malini (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BDl3MAEACAAJ&q=the+mughal+empire,+art+culture+and+empire ''Mughal India: Art, Culture and Empire Manuscripts and Paintings in the British Library'']. London: The British Library. pp. 132–133.{{ISBN|9780712358705}}.
*Rizvi, Kishwar. (2003). "Prefacing the File: The Writing of Art History in Sixteenth-Century Iran by David J. Roxburgh." (book review) The Art Bulletin. 85.4. pp. 800–803.
*Robinson, B., ''Fifteenth-Century Persian Painting: Problems and Issues'', NYU Press, 1993, {{ISBN|0-8147-7446-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7446-5}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9WbwqfEfoFUC&dq=siyah+Qalam&pg=PA37 google books]
*Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh. ''Album prefaces and other documents on the history of calligraphers and painters'', Volume 10 of Studies and sources in Islamic art and architecture: Supplements to Muqarnas, BRILL, 2001, {{ISBN|90-04-11961-2}}, {{ISBN|978-90-04-11961-1}}
*Titley, Norah M., ''Persian Miniature Painting, and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India'', 1983, University of Texas Press, 0292764847
*Tanindi, Zeren (2000). "Additions to Illustrated Manuscripts in Ottoman Workshops". Muqarnas. Brill: 17. pp. 147–161. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1523295 JSTOR]

== Further reading ==
* Beach, Milo Cleveland. (1967). "The Heeramaneck Collection". The Burlington Magazine: 109.768. pp. 183–185.
* Blair, Sheila S. (2000). "Color and Gold: The Decorated Papers Used in Manuscripts in Later Islamic Times". Muqarnas. 17. pp. 24–36.
* Glynn, Catherine. (1983). "Early Painting in Mandi". Artibus Asiae. 44.1, pp. 21–64.
* Glynn, Catherine. (2000). "A Rajasthani Princely Album: Rajput Patronage of Mughal-Style Painting". Atibus Asiae. 60.2, pp. 222–264.
* Harris, Lucian. (2001). "Archibald Swinton: A New Source for Albums of Indian Miniatures in Williams Beckford's Collection*". The Burlington Magazine. 143.1179. pp. 360–366.
* Kurz, Otto. (1967). "A Volume of Mughal Drawings and Miniatures". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 30, pp. 251–271.
* Roxburgh, David J., ''Prefacing the Image The Writing of Art History in Sixteenth-Century Iran''
* Roxburgh, David J. (2000). "Kamal al-Din Bihzad and Authorship in Persianate Painting." Muqarnas. 17, pp. 119–146.
* Soucek, Priscilla P. (1995). "Persian Drawings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art by Marie Lukens". ''Journal of Near Eastern Studies''. 54.1, pp. 74-.
* {{cite book |author1=Swietochowski, Marie Lukens |author2=Babaie, Sussan |name-list-style=amp | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/90639/rec/3 |title=Persian drawings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=1989 | isbn=0870995642}}
* {{cite book |author=Welch, Stuart C.| url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/114935/rec/401 | title=The Emperors' album: images of Mughal India | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=1987 | isbn=0870994999 |display-authors=etal}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.asia.si.edu/press/past/prMuraqqa.htm Smithsonian 2008 exhibition]
* [http://www.cbl.ie/ Chester Beatty Library]
* [http://www.asiexhibitions.org/news/view.asp?ID=31 Images of a Muraqqa]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/18/arts/design/18mugh.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=muraqqa&st=cse&oref=slogin New York Times review of Smithsonian exhibit of Muraqqa]
* Going Global in Mughal India [http://sites.duke.edu/globalinmughalindia/ introduction] and [http://duke.onlineculture.co.uk/ttp/ttp.html digital muraqqa album]

{{Islamic art}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Persian art]]
[[Category:Indian painting]]
[[Category:Pakistani paintings]]
[[Category:Islamic arts of the book]]
[[Category:Types of illuminated manuscript]]
[[Category:Islamic illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:Mughal art]]
[[Category:Islamic calligraphy]]
[[Category:Iranian inventions]]
[[Category:Albums by type]]

Dogri literature

2026-03-15T01:39:41Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating a article

{{Short description|Literature written in or related to the Kashmir region}}
'''Dogri literature''' refers to the body of written and oral works in the [[Dogri language]], predominantly spoken in the [[Jammu region]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India, and parts of [[northern Pakistan]]. Known for its linguistic rhythm and [[cultural expressions]], Dogri literature refers to the traditions, lifestyle, and [[Dogras#History|history of the Dogras]]. It encompasses poetry, prose, [[folklore]], and [[Literary modernism|modern literary form]]s, playing a significant role in preserving the region's heritage.<ref name="c011">{{cite web | title=History of Translation in Dogri Literature: An Overview | url=https://www.jammuuniversity.ac.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/History%2520of%2520Translation%2520in%2520Dogri%2520Literature.pdf | website=Jammu University | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

The 20th century marked a turning point as Dogri transitioned from oral to written forms, with poets and writers capturing local experiences and [[social issue]]s. Notable figures like [[Padma Sachdev]] and [[Ved Rahi]] have played a central role in promoting Dogri literature, earning both national and regional recognition.<ref name="j587">{{cite journal | last=Sharma | first=Nilamber Dev | title=A Brief Survey of Dogri (Modern) Literature | journal=Indian Literature | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | volume=46 | issue=3 (209) | year=2002 | issn=00195804 | jstor=23338590 | pages=116–126 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23338590 | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref> Dogri's inclusion in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]] in 2003 further revitalized literary activities.<ref name="q751"/>

Dogri literature experienced challenges such as limited readership and competition from [[Languages of India|other languages]]. However, cultural programs, educational initiatives, and [[Literary society|literary societies]] actively promote the language and its literature. These attempts contribute to preserving the region's heritage and maintaining the identity and [[tradition]]s of the Dogras.<ref name="q452">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=The pioneer of Dogri Literature | website=Daily Excelsior | date=20 Feb 2016 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/the-pioneer-of-dogri-literature/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

== Origin ==
{{Further|Dogras}}
The Dogras, known for their [[martial art|martial]] traditions and [[Pahari painting|Pahari miniature paintings]], inhabit the region between the [[Ravi River|Ravi]] and [[Chenab River|Chenab river]]s, historically called Duggar. Early records, such as the Chamba copperplates (11th century CE), refer to this community. The first reference to Dogri, the language of the Dogra people, appears in 1317 CE in a linguistic survey by [[Amir Khusro]], where it is called "Duggar Bhasha." This historical and cultural backdrop has significantly shaped Dogri literature, which suggests the traditions, values, and experiences of the Dogra people.<ref name="e567">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=Dogri from past to present | website=Daily Excelsior | date=21 Jan 2023 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/dogri-from-past-to-present/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

The origins of Dogri literature lie in oral traditions, including folk songs, [[ballad]]s, and storytelling. These oral narratives, often passed down through generations, celebrate themes like love, nature, valour, and spirituality. Dogri's earliest forms were primarily spoken, with written works emerging later under the influence of [[Persian literature|Persian]], [[Urdu]], and [[Hindi literature|Hindi literary tradition]]s.<ref name="o195">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=Keep Dogri alive | website=Daily Excelsior | date=15 Jul 2024 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/keep-dogri-alive/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref><ref name="r270">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=A language of historical significance | website=Daily Excelsior | date=27 Nov 2021 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/dogri-a-language-of-historical-significance/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

The formal recognition of Dogri as a literary language gained momentum in the 20th century. The language's journey from oral traditions to literary prominence was facilitated by poets and scholars who began to write [[Dogri poetry]], short stories, and plays in [[Devnagari]] and later in the [[Dogri script]].<ref name="s914">{{cite web | title=Script, History, Vocabulary, & Writing | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=4 Jun 2009 | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dogri-language | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref> The [[constitution of India]] recognises Dogri as one of the [[Languages with legal status in India|official languages]] in 2003.<ref name="q751">{{cite web | title=Twenty second December- Dogri inclusion day-In eight schedule of Indian constitution | website=Early Times Newspaper Jammu Kashmir | date=2 Aug 1969 | url=https://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=191382 | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

== Genres ==
{{Further|Dogri language}}
=== Poetry ===
Dogri poetry remains one of the most prominent genres, with variety of forms. Traditional poetry includes [[Geet (song)|geet]] (songs) and [[ghazal]]s, focusing on themes of love, [[patriotism]], and nature. Many poets have also explored philosophical and social issues in their verses. Modern Dogri poetry focuses on both personal emotions and collective experiences, often addressing [[contemporary]] issues.<ref name="l611">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=Anthology of Dogri poems | website=Daily Excelsior | date=11 Jan 2014 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/anthology-of-dogri-poems/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

=== Prose ===
Dogri prose literature includes [[novel]]s, short stories, [[essay]]s, and plays. The genre evolved in the mid-20th century, driven by writers interested in narrating the everyday lives of the Dogras. Short stories, in particular, became popular for their ability to capture [[human emotion]]s and social issues in concise narratives.<ref name="e567"/>

=== Folk literature ===
[[Folk literature]], including ballads, lullabies, and epics, forms the central role of Dogri's oral tradition. Folk tales like masade, baare, and janjh celebrate regional heroes, [[Jammu#History|historical event]]s, and cultural values, attempting to preserve identity. These stories are often performed during traditional festivals and community gatherings.<ref name="c941">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=Dogra Renaissance and Folklore | website=Daily Excelsior | date=26 Aug 2012 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/dogra-renaissance-and-folklore/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

=== Drama and theatre ===
{{Further|Dogri cinema}}
Theatre has also played a prominent role in the Dogri literary tradition. Folk performances, such as bhakh and [[haran]], integrate songs, dialogues, and [[dance]]. In the 20th century, Dogri playwrights began to experiment with [[Outline of theatre|modern forms of theatre]], addressing social issues and [[Struggle for existence|personal struggle]]s while preserving local traditions.<ref name="d154">{{cite web | title=Dogri folk theatre | website=Early Times Newspaper Jammu Kashmir | date=23 Oct 2024 | url=https://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=156051 | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
{{Further|List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Dogri}}
Dogri writers and poets have been recognized at both regional and national levels for their contributions to literature. The [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], a prestigious literary honor in India, has been conferred upon several Dogri authors. In 1971, [[Padma Sachdev]] became the first modern woman Dogri writer to receive this award for her collection of poems, ''Meri Kavita Mere Geet''.<ref name="g089">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=Writers who enriched Dogri | website=Daily Excelsior | date=21 Jun 2014 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/writers-enriched-dogri/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref> Since then, many other Dogri writers have followed her, bringing the language and its literature into the national spotlight.<ref name="x293">{{cite web | title=A TRIBUTE DUGGAR PERSONALITY A great Dogri Scholar and doyen of Dogri Literature | website=Northlines | date=5 Aug 2024 | url=https://thenorthlines.com/a-tribute-duggar-personality-a-great-dogri-scholar-and-doyen-of-dogri-literature/ | access-date=23 Oct 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Somnath |chapter=Folklore of Jammu and Kashmir |title=Folk Culture & Literature |editor=Sri C. R. Das |volume=I |location=Orissa, India |publisher=Institute of Oriental and Orissan Studies |pp=195-214 [203-209 (on Dogri folklore)]}}
* {{Cite book |title=An Introduction To Dogri Folk Literature and Pahari Art |first1=Lakshmi |last1=Narain |first2=Sansar |last2=Chand |location=Jammu and Kashmir |publisher=Academy Of Art Culture And Language Jammu |date=1965 |pages=15-72}}
* {{Cite book |title=History of Dogri Literature |author=Shivanath |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |date=1976 |chapter=Dogri Folk Literature |pages=9-47}}
* {{cite book |author=Sha. S. |chapter=Folk Literature (Dogri) |editor=[[Amaresh Datta]] |date=1988 |title=[[Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature]] |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |volume=2 |pp=1281-83 |isbn=978-81-260-1803-1}}
* {{Cite thesis |title=Dogri Folk Narratives A Narratological Study of Oral Folktales |last=Sharma |first=Devika |publisher=Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University |date=2023 |hdl=10603/568748 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/568748 |type=PhD}}
* {{cite thesis |title=The Dialectics of Structure and Meaning: A Study of Interplay of Motifs and Structure in the Dogri Folktales |last=Sharma |first=Akriti |publisher=[[University of Jammu]] |date=2026 |hdl=10603/701081 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/701081}}

;Folktale collections:
* Mayeda, Noriko; Brown, W. Norman. ''Tawi Tales; Folk Tales From Jammu''. American Oriental Society New Haven, Connecticut, 1974.
* Shivanath. ''Dogri Folk Tales''. [[Sahitya Akademi]]. 2001. {{ISBN|81-260-1224-2}}
* Sharma, Suman K. ''Tales from the Tawi: a Collection of Dogri Folk Tales''. Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India, 2007. {{isbn|81-230-1407-4}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogri literature}}
[[Category:Indian literature by language]]
[[Category:Culture of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Pakistani literature]]

One Way (2022 Indian film)

2026-03-10T08:47:58Z

Tanwarpal Singh: started first details from scratch

{{Short description|2022 Tamil language drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{No plot|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = One Way
| image = One Way (2022 Indian film).jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = M. S. Sakthivel
| producer = Prabanjan
| writer = Prabanjan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Prabanjan
*[[Aara (actress)|Aara]]
*Abdulla
*[[Kovai Sarala]]
}}
| music = Ashwin Hemanth
| cinematography = Muthukumaran
| editing =
| studio = Group Productions
| distributor =
| runtime = 110 mins
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|11|4}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''One Way''''' is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by M. S. Sakthivel and starring Prabanjan, [[Aara (actress)|Aara]] and [[Kovai Sarala]]. It was released on 4 November 2022.

==Cast==
*Prabanjan
*[[Aara (actress)|Aara]] as Selvi
*Abdulla
*[[Kovai Sarala]]
*[[Charles Vinoth]]
*[[Barun Chanda]]
*[[Goutam Halder]]
*[[Bava Chelladurai]]

==Production==
The film marked the second venture of director Sakthivel, who had previously made ''[[Maithanam]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maithanam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/may/25/maithanam-256181.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205160513/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/may/25/maithanam-256181.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The film was shot in late 2019, with writer-producer Rajathi Pandian, also taking on the lead role with the stage name of Prabanjan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-14 |title=Actress Aara |url=https://moviewingz.com/actress-aara/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205160516/https://moviewingz.com/actress-aara/ |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-05 |publisher=Moviewingz.com}}</ref> The team has shot for more than 65 days in places like Munnar, Mumbai and Mount Abu. The crew has also shot for a four-day sequence in a lorry from Chennai to Mumbai, and at the 250-ft high micro tower in Munnar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengali actor Barun Chanda to make Tamil debut in One Way |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/nov/17/lootera-actor-barun-chanda-to-make-tamil-debut-in-one-way-15542.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205160517/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/nov/17/lootera-actor-barun-chanda-to-make-tamil-debut-in-one-way-15542.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> North Indian actors [[Barun Chanda]] and [[Goutam Halder]] made their first appearances in Tamil cinema through the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barun Chanda to make Tamil debut in One Way |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/nov/18/barun-chanda-to-make-tamil-debut-in-one-way-2063120.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205160516/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/nov/18/barun-chanda-to-make-tamil-debut-in-one-way-2063120.html |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Reception==
The film was released on 4 November 2022 across Tamil Nadu. A critic from ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' gave the film a mixed review, noting that it was "partly good".<ref>{{Cite web |last=விமர்சனக்குழு |first=விகடன் |date=10 November 2022 |title=ஒன் வே - சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/one-way-cinema-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205160517/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/one-way-cinema-review |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' gave the film a negative review, adding that it was "unimpressive".<ref>{{Cite web |last=maalaimalar |date=2022-11-04 |title=One Way |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/one-way-24886 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180631/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/one-way-24886 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=2022-12-05 |publisher=Maalaimalar.com}}</ref> A reviewer from the Madurai-based ''Thinaboomi'' newspaper also gave the film a negative review.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஒன் வே விமர்சனம் |url=http://www.thinaboomi.com/2022/11/07/185829.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206201145/http://www.thinaboomi.com/2022/11/07/185829.html |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=தின பூமி |language=ta}}</ref> Critic Malini Mannath noted "it’s a film which seems like its two halves belonged to two different plots and genres, the interlinking point giving a jerky feel".<ref>{{Cite web |last=malinimannath |date=2022-11-04 |title=Review- One Way – Malini Mannath |url=https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2022/11/04/review-one-way/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205160517/https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2022/11/04/review-one-way/ |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-05 |publisher=Malinimannath.wordpress.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|23645498}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Tamil-film-stub}}

Adil Hussain

2026-03-09T18:24:53Z

Tanwarpal Singh: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|Indian film actor (born 1963)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Adil Hussain
| image = Adil Hussain at 'Life of Pi' press meet.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Hussain at ''Life of Pi'' press meet
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|10|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Goalpara]], [[Assam]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| height =
| yearsactive = 1986–present
| known_for = ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]'', ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]''
| alma mater = [[B. Borooah College]] [[National School of Drama]] [[Drama Studio London]]
}}
'''Khandkar Mohammad Adil Hussain'''<ref name="TOI_Sobraj"/> {{IPA|as|adil ɦusɛin|pron}} (born 5 October 1963) is an Indian actor who is known for his work in several Indian independent and mainstream film productions, as well as international cinema, in films such as ''[[The Reluctant Fundamentalist (film)|The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]'' and ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]'' (both 2012).
He received [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|National Film Awards (Special Jury)]] at the [[64th National Film Awards]] for ''[[Hotel Salvation]]'' and ''[[Maj Rati Keteki]]''.

He has starred in English, Hindi, Assamese, Bengali, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam, Norwegian and French films.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/adil-hussain-on-national-award-win-it-s-dangerous-to-get-an-award-like-this/story-P0IpffNan59l8qjfvGNnAP.html |title=Adil Hussain on National Award win: It's dangerous to get an award like this | bollywood |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 April 2016 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611160412/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/adil-hussain-on-national-award-win-it-s-dangerous-to-get-an-award-like-this/story-P0IpffNan59l8qjfvGNnAP.html |archive-date=11 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Life of Pi – a fascinating story: movie review |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/11/life-of-pi-fascinating-story-movie.html |publisher=[[Eastern Fare|EF News International]] |date=28 November 2012 |access-date=6 October 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101005406/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/11/life-of-pi-fascinating-story-movie.html |archive-date=1 November 2013}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Born in an [[Islam in Assam|Assamese Muslim]] family in [[Goalpara]], [[Assam]] on 5 October 1963,<ref name="marTOI2012" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Suri |first1=Rishab |title=Adil Hussain recalls first meeting with Sridevi for English Vinglish: She had tears in her eyes... |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/adil-hussain-recalls-first-meeting-with-sridevi-for-english-vinglish-she-had-tears-in-her-eyes-101664977532130.html |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Birth">{{cite news |last1=Barman |first1=Rini |title=Adil maange more |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/watch/adil-maange-more/article9978081.ece |access-date=15 February 2021 |work=@businessline |date=1 December 2016 |language=en}}</ref> where his father was the headmaster of a high secondary school, Hussain was the youngest of seven children.<ref name="TOI_Sobraj"/><ref name=marTOI2012/><ref name=today12>{{cite web |title=Grey Matter |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20130107-adil-hussain-is-bollywood-life-of-pi-english-vinglish-ishqiya-761263-1999-11-29 |date=28 December 2012 |publisher=India Today |access-date=25 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218180014/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/adil-hussain-is-bollywood-life-of-pi-english-vinglish-ishqiya/1/239865.html |archive-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam epitome of Hindu-Muslim unity, says CM Sonowal on new book tracing state's syncretic traditions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/assam-epitome-of-hindu-muslim-unity-says-cm-sonowal-on-new-book-tracing-states-syncretic-traditions/articleshow/79717504.cms |access-date=31 December 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=14 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> His ancestors had traditionally been appointed as private tutors, known as [[Khondakar|''Khandkar'']], to the [[Mughal Emperors]].<ref name="TOI_Sobraj"/> In an interview he described his [[Multiculturalism|multiethnic]] background, as his maternal grandfather was [[Iraqis|Iraqi]] while his maternal grandmother had [[Assamese people|Assamese]], [[English people|English]] and [[Italians|Italian]] roots.<ref name="TOI_Sobraj"/>

Hussain acted in school plays.<ref>{{cite web |title=Psychologies: 'English Should Not Diminish Respect For All Languages' |url=http://tehelka.com/psychologies-english-should-not-diminish-respect-for-all-languages/ |date=2 March 2013 |publisher=Tehelka |access-date=27 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103094827/http://www.tehelka.com/psychologies-english-should-not-diminish-respect-for-all-languages/ |archive-date=3 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He left home at age 18<ref name="hin12" /> to study philosophy at [[B. Borooah College]], [[Guwahati]],<ref name="today12" /> he started acting in college plays and performing as a stand-up comedian.

He also mimicked popular Bollywood actors in between the performances of a local stand-up comedian group, the ''Bhaya Mama Group''. He worked as a stand-up comedian for six years, joined a mobile theatre and also did some local cinema,<ref name="hin12">{{cite news |title=Steamed to perfection |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/Food/steamed-to-perfection/article3961330.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 October 2012 |access-date=6 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316194752/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/Food/steamed-to-perfection/article3961330.ece |archive-date=16 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="tout" /> before moving to Delhi, where he studied at [[National School of Drama]] (1990–1993).

He also studied at the [[Drama Studio London]] on a Charles Wallace India Trust Scholarship.<ref name="hin10" /><ref name="marTOI2012">{{cite news |title=Goalpara boy hits the big time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Goalpara-boy-hits-the-big-time/articleshow/12374764.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103100519/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-23/guwahati/31229682_1_adil-hussain-ang-lee-bollywood |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |date=23 March 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="toicrest">{{cite web |title=Adil Hussain: Destiny's child |url=http://www.timescrest.com/culture/adil-hussain-destinys-child-4672 |publisher=The Times of India, Crest Edition |date=29 January 2011 |access-date=6 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016211933/http://www.timescrest.com/culture/adil-hussain-destinys-child-4672 |archive-date=16 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
After his return to India in 1994, Hussain joined the mobile 'Hengul Theater' in Assam, where he worked for three years, before moving to Delhi.<ref name=today12/> He started his stage career in Delhi, though he continued training under Khalid Tyabji. After Tyabji he trained with Swapan Bose at [[Sri Aurobindo Ashram]], [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], before starting training with Dilip Shankar in Delhi.<ref name=today12/>

As an actor, he first received acclaim in ''Othello: A Play in Black and White'' (1999), which was awarded the [[Edinburgh Fringe]] First,<ref name="hin10">{{cite news |title=Role call |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article621922.ece |work=The Hindu |date=9 September 2010 |access-date=6 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924175321/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article621922.ece |archive-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and later ''Goodbye Desdemona'' also directed by [[Roysten Abel]]. He remained the artistic director and Trainer of the Society for Artists and Performers in [[Hampi]] from 2004 to 2007,<ref name="tout" /> and a visiting faculty at Royal Conservatory of Performing Arts, [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite news|title=I'm Sridevi's husband: Adil Hussain |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-m-Sridevi-s-husband-Adil-Hussain/Article1-833360.aspx |work=Hindustan Times |date=1 April 2012 |access-date=6 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103065533/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-m-Sridevi-s-husband-Adil-Hussain/Article1-833360.aspx |archive-date=3 November 2012 }}</ref> He is also a visiting faculty at his alma mater, the National School of Drama.<ref name="tout" /><ref name="toicrest" />

In 2004, he made his Bengali film debut along with [[Soha Ali Khan]] in the period drama ''[[Iti Srikanta]]'', where he played the lead role.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adil is back |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Adil-is-back/articleshow/5215892.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103114424/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-11/news-interviews/28080926_1_adil-hussain-irrfan-nsd |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 November 2009 |access-date=6 October 2013}}</ref>

On television, he appeared in the lead role, in the detective series ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]'' (2002–2003), produced by [[BBC World Service Trust]].

Though he had appeared in a few [[Assamese film]]s,<ref name="toicrest" /> did a small roles in Vishal Bhardwaj's ''[[Kaminey]]'' and Sona Jain's ''For Real'', it was his role in [[Abhishek Chaubey]]'s ''[[Ishqiya]]'' (2010) that got him attention in Bollywood,<ref>{{cite news |title=I'm paid well now: Adil Hussainref |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Im-paid-well-now-Adil-Hussain/articleshow/6560019.cms |date=16 September 2010 |access-date=6 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822113341/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-16/news-interviews/28217312_1_saif-ali-khan-kareena-omkara |archive-date=22 August 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> though his first major role was in [[Saif Ali Khan]]-[[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] starrer ''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]'' released in early 2012. In the same year, he appeared in Italian director Italo Spinelli's ''Gangor'', [[Mira Nair]]'s ''[[The Reluctant Fundamentalist (film)|The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]'', and [[Ang Lee]]'s ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]''.<ref name="marTOI2012" />

He next appeared alongside [[Sridevi]] in the comedy drama ''[[English Vinglish]]'' (2012), and also received critical acclaim for his role in ''[[Lessons in Forgetting]]'' at the New Jersey Independent South Asian Cine Fest.<ref>{{cite news |title='English Vinglish' star Adil Hussain wins best actor award at US fest |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/english-vinglish-star-adil-hussain-wins-best-actor-award-at-us-fest/300039-8-66.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=12 October 2012 |access-date=6 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015021038/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/english-vinglish-star-adil-hussain-wins-best-actor-award-at-us-fest/300039-8-66.html |archive-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After these he acted in [[Aditya Bhattacharya]]'s ''Bombay Most Wanted'' and [[Partho Sen-Gupta]]'s ''[[Sunrise (2014 film)|Sunrise]]''.<ref name="tout">{{cite web|title=A new thinking woman's pin-up is born |url=http://www.timeoutmumbai.net/film/features/look-who%E2%80%99s-talking |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511034541/http://timeoutmumbai.net/film/features/look-who%E2%80%99s-talking |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 May 2012 |date=27 April 2012 |publisher=Time Out, Mumbai |access-date=6 October 2013 }}</ref>

His next role as Inspector K. N. Singh was in the [[Ranveer Singh]]-[[Sonakshi Sinha]] ''Lootera'' under [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]'s direction. This followed with Amit Vats' comedy ''[[Boyss Toh Boyss Hain]]'', the story of four young men with similar problems in life, who eventually find their way to true love.<ref>{{cite news |last=Maniar |first=Parag |date=7 July 2013 |title=Boyss Toh Boyss Hain - a hilarious yet thought-provoking tale |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/boyss-toh-boyss-hain-a-hilarious-yet-thought-provoking-tale/articleshow/20942059.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>

Hussain opened 2014 with the Assamese film ''[[Raag: The Rhythm of Love]]'' playing Iqbal, which marked his first Assamese film in a lead role. ''[[Sringkhal]]'' and ''[[Rodor Sithi]]'' were his other Assamese releases in the year. He was also seen in Hindi films like ''[[Kaanchi: The Unbreakable]]'' as a CBI officer, ''[[The Xposé]]'' as Rajan starring [[Himesh Reshammiya]] in the lead, and ''Tigers'' as Bilal starring [[Emraan Hashmi]]. ''Tigers'', based on a real-life story about a salesman, was screened at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. His first lead role in a Hindi film came with the drama ''[[Zed Plus]]'' as Aslam Puncturewala.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Adil-Hussain-Was-surprised-to-be-cast-as-lead-in-Zed-Plus/articleshow/45268749.cms |title=Adil Hussain: Was surprised to be cast as lead in 'Zed Plus' |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=25 November 2014 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521182630/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Adil-Hussain-Was-surprised-to-be-cast-as-lead-in-Zed-Plus/articleshow/45268749.cms |archive-date=21 May 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hussain had his maximum number of film appearances in 2015 as he had releases in English, Hindi, Bengali and his first Tamil and Marathi movies. His Hindi movies include ''[[Main Aur Charles]]'' as Amod Kant,<ref name="TOI_Sobraj">{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |date=30 October 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/adil-hussain-charles-sobhraj-like-hitler-believed-that-what-he-did-was-correct/articleshow/49581575.cms |title=Adil Hussain: Charles Sobhraj like Hitler believed that what he did was correct |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 June 2023 }}</ref> ''[[Jai Ho Democracy]]'' as Major Baruah, and ''Angry Indian Goddesses'' as a police superintendent. He debuted in Tamil cinema with ''Yatchan'' portraying the significant role of Selvam/Vetri, He also worked in his first Marathi movie ''Sunrise'' as Joshi. His Bengali film of the year was [[Arindam Sil]]'s mystery thriller ''[[Har Har Byomkesh]]'' as Zamindar Deepnarayan Singh.

His 2016 projects include the drama film ''Parched'' directed by [[Leena Yadav]], which premiered at the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. It is about four women who lead a tightly controlled-by-traditions life in a village in Rajasthan. His other project in the year is the action thriller ''[[Force 2]]'' directed by [[Abhinay Deo]] featuring [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]] and [[Sonakshi Sinha]] in the lead. His Assamese film in 2016 is ''[[Kothanodi]]''. Adil Hussain's 2017 releases include ''[[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail]]'', ''[[Love Sonia]]'', ''[[Mantra (2017 film)|Mantra]]'', ''[[Mukti Bhawan]]'', ''[[Dobaara: See Your Evil]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hussein|first1=Adil|title=I'd Love To See A Film Made On Indian Horror Concepts: Adil Hussain|url=https://saamri.com/2017/05/20/bollywood-horrorid-love-to-see-a-film-made-on-the-indian-horror-concepts-adil-hussain/|website=Saamri|date=20 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008022905/https://saamri.com/2017/05/20/bollywood-horrorid-love-to-see-a-film-made-on-the-indian-horror-concepts-adil-hussain/|archive-date=8 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Kabuliwala'', and ''Naval Enna Jewel''.

In 2018, he acted in [[S. Shankar]]'s ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''<ref name="firstpost1">{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/adil-hussain-films-like-force-2-and-commando-2-subsidise-my-involvement-in-indie-cinema-3374512.html |title=Adil Hussain: Films like Force 2 and Commando 2 subsidise my involvement in indie cinema |website=Firstpost.com |date= 8 April 2017|access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611113000/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/adil-hussain-films-like-force-2-and-commando-2-subsidise-my-involvement-in-indie-cinema-3374512.html |archive-date=11 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as in ''[[Aiyaary]]'' and ''[[Bioscopewala]]''. In 2022, Hussain became the first-ever personality to hoist the Indian National Flag in the Metaverse at the 'Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav' Metaverse event organised by Piro Space.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Millions Witnessed First Ever Independence Day Celebrations in Metaverse |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/business/millions-witnessed-first-ever-independence-day-celebrations-in-metaverse-news-216987 |magazine=Outlook |date=17 August 2022 |access-date=17 August 2022}}</ref>

==Life membership==
In 2013, after having conducted a film workshop at University Film Club, [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Hussain was granted a lifetime membership in the university's film club.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/acting-it-right/article4470436.ece |title=Acting it right - Ongole |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 March 2013 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925221829/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/acting-it-right/article4470436.ece |archive-date=25 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hussain has been honoured by Sandeep Marwah with the life membership of International Film And Television Club of Asian Academy of Film & Television at [[Noida Film City]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Personal life==
During the 1999 Edinburgh Film Festival, Hussain, cast as [[Othello (character)|Othello]], fell in love with Kristen Jain, who was playing [[Desdemona]]. He ended up tightly hugging her, much to her and the audience's shock, instead of "killing" her as per the script, thus forcing the curtains to be brought down immediately. They eventually got married eight years later, in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood's anti-hero |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/bollywood-rsquo-s-anti-hero/cid/1319613 |access-date=1 June 2023 |work=the Telegraph |date=14 June 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1986 || ''Xongkolpo'' || Pulak || [[Assamese language|Assamese]] ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1987 || ''Sutrapaat'' || || Assamese ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1988 || ''Pita Putra'' || || Assamese ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1989 || ''Bhai Bhai'' || || Assamese ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2003 || ''In Othello'' || Adil / [[Othello]] || English ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2004 || ''[[Iti Srikanta]]'' || Srikanta || [[Bengali language|Bengali]] ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2009 || ''[[Kaminey]]'' ||Flight Purser || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[For Real (film)|For Real]]'' || Ravi Shukla || English ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2010 || ''[[Ishqiya]]'' || Vidyadhar Verma / Shyam Prasad Kulshreshtha || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Gangor (film)|Gangor]]'' || Upin ||[[Bengali language|Bengali]] ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5"| 2012 || ''[[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]'' || Colonel || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[The Reluctant Fundamentalist (film)|The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]'' || Mustafa Fazil || English ||
|-
| ''[[English Vinglish]]'' || Satish Godbole || Hindi||
|-
| ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]'' || Santosh Patel || English ||
|-
| ''[[Lessons in Forgetting]]'' || J. A. Krishnamoorthy || English ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2013 || ''[[Lootera]]'' || Inspector K. N. Singh || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Boyss Toh Boyss Hain]]'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7"| 2014 || ''[[Raag (2014 film)|Raag: The Rhythm of Love]]'' || Iqbal || [[Assamese language|Assamese]] ||
|-
| ''[[Kaanchi: The Unbreakable]]'' || CBI officer || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[The Xposé]]'' || Rajan || Hindi ||
|-''[[Mukhbir]]'' || Adil Hussain || Hindi ||
| ''[[Sringkhal]]''<ref name="Sringkhal">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Adil-Hussain-to-act-in-Assamese-film/articleshow/17345989.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20131205155905/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-24/guwahati/35333241_1_assamese-assam-state-film-bollywood-actor-jaya | url-status=live | archive-date=5 December 2013 | title=Adil Hussain to act in Assamese film | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=24 November 2012 | agency=TNN | access-date=5 December 2013 | location=Guwahati}}</ref> || Kalidas || Assamese ||
|-
| ''[[Rodor Sithi]]''<ref name="RC">{{cite news | url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/saturday/saturday1.php?sec=16&subsec=0&ppr=3&dtP=2013-09-29 | title=Rodor Sithi progressing well | work=[[The Sentinel (Gauhati)|The Sentinel]] | date=29 September 2013 | access-date=5 December 2013 | author=Deka, Prantik | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212163807/http://www.sentinelassam.com/saturday/saturday1.php?sec=16&subsec=0&ppr=3&dtP=2013-09-29 | archive-date=12 December 2013 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> || || Assamese ||
|-
| ''[[Zed Plus]]'' || Aslam Puncturewala || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Tigers (2014 film)|Tigers]] / [[White Lies (2013 Indian film)|White Lies]]'' || Bilal || Hindi ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="12"| 2015 || ''[[Main Aur Charles]]'' || Amod Kant || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Jai Ho Democracy]]'' || Major Baruah || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Unfreedom]] / [[Blemished Light]]'' ||Devraj || English/Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Parched]]'' ||Mystic lover
|Hindi ||
|-
| ''Feast of Varanasi'' || Arjun || English || British film
|-
| ''[[Yatchan]]'' || Selvam/Vetri || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| ''[[Ahaan]]'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Nanak Shah Fakir]]'' || Rai Bullar || English ||
|-
| ''Arunoday''-''[[Sunrise (2014 film)|Sunrise]]'' || Joshi || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||
|-
| ''[[Angry Indian Goddesses]]'' ||Police Superintendent || Hindi ||{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
|-
| ''[[Har Har Byomkesh]]'' || Deepnarayan Singh || Bengali ||
|-
| ''[[Umrika]]'' || Patel || Hindi ||{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7"| 2016 || ''The Violin Player'' || || Hindi ||{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
|-
| ''[[Crash test Aglaé]]'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| ''Bombairiya'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Force 2]]'' ||HRD Minister Brijesh Verma
| Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Kothanodi]]'' || Devinath || Assamese ||{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}
|-
| ''Leena's Beauty Parlour'' || || Assamese || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Chakra (2016 film)|Chakra]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Zubeen-Garg-to-film-Hindi-directorial-Chakra-next-year/articleshow/47107207.cms|title=Zubeen Garg to film Hindi directorial 'Chakra' next year|date=30 April 2015|work=Times Of India|access-date=25 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102004100/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Zubeen-Garg-to-film-Hindi-directorial-Chakra-next-year/articleshow/47107207.cms|archive-date=2 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> || || Hindi ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9"| 2017 || ''[[Commando 2]]'' ||Karan's Boss
| Hindi ||
|-
|''[[Love Sonia]]'' || Shiva || Hindi /English||
|-
| ''[[Mantra (2017 film)|Mantra]]'' ||Man from Jharkhand
| English/Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Hotel Salvation]]'' ||Rajiv
| Hindi / English||
|-
| ''[[Dobaara: See Your Evil]]'' ||Alex Merchant
| Hindi||
|-
| ''[[What Will People Say]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cineuropa.org/nw.aspx?t=newsdetail&l=en&did=323647 |title=Iram Haq making a film about how she was kidnapped by her own parents |newspaper=Cineuropa - the Best of European Cinema |date=21 February 2017 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020084013/http://cineuropa.org/nw.aspx?t=newsdetail&l=en&did=323647 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> ||Mirza
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ||
|-
| ''[[Maj Rati Keteki]]''<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/people-will-go-to-theatres-if-quality-of-films-improve-adil-115121700705_1.html | title=People will go to theatres if quality of films improve: Adil | work=Business Standard | date=17 December 2015 | agency=Press Trust of India | access-date=4 January 2016 | location=[[Guwahati]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305172348/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/people-will-go-to-theatres-if-quality-of-films-improve-adil-115121700705_1.html | archive-date=5 March 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> || Priyendu Hazarika || Assamese ||
|-
| ''[[Naval Enna Jewel]]'' || Intelligence police officer || [[Malayalam]] || [[Malayalam]] film
|-
||''The Illegal'' || Papa || English<ref>{{cite news |title=Looking forward to start 'The Illegal' shoot: Adil Hussain |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/jun/30/looking-forward-to-start-the-illegal-shoot-adil-hussain-1622594.html |access-date=9 February 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |date=30 June 2017 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716061233/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/jun/30/looking-forward-to-start-the-illegal-shoot-adil-hussain-1622594.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ||
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" | 2018 || ''At Large'' || || English ||
|-
|''[[Maati (film)|Maati]]''||Jamil
| Bengali ||
|-
|''Ahare Mon''||Purnendu Pahari
| Bengali ||
|-
| ''[[Aiyaary]]'' || Retd. Colonel Mukesh Kapoor || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Bioscopewala]]'' || Robi Basu || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Adil-Hussain-has-a-role-in-2-0/articleshow/52054145.cms |title=Adil Hussain has a role in 2.0 |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223202435/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Adil-Hussain-has-a-role-in-2-0/articleshow/52054145.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>||Minister S. Vijay Kumar
| Tamil ||
|-
|''Nine Hours In Mumbai'' || Veer ||Hindi<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/nine-hours-in-mumbai/movieshow/61934638.cms|title=Nine Hours In Mumbai Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520081353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/nine-hours-in-mumbai/movieshow/61934638.cms|archive-date=20 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ||
|-
|''[[Rajma Chawal]]'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | 2019 || ''[[Bombairiya]]'' ||Pandya
| Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Kabir Singh]]'' ||Dean of the college || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Good Newwz]]'' || Dr. Anand Joshi || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Nirvana Inn]]'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Raahgir - The Wayfarers]]'' || Lakhua || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Pareeksha (2019 film)|Pareeksha]]'' || Bucchi || Hindi || [[ZEE5]] film
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2020
|''[[Abyakto]]''|| Rudra || Bengali ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || ''[[Bell Bottom (2021 film)|Bell Bottom]]'' || Santook || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[India Sweets and Spices]]'' || Ranjit || English ||
|-
|| ''[[Ram (film)|Ram]]'' || ||Malayalam||
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || ''[[Dr. Bezbaruah 2]]'' || Dr. Bezbaruah || Assamese ||
|-
|''[[Sergeant (Indian film)|Sergeant]]'' ||Inspector Haider Ali || Hindi || [[JioCinema]] film
|-
| ''[[Otta (film)|Otta]]'' || || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Otta trailer: Resul Pookutty's star-studded directorial debut promises some intense drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/oct/20/otta-trailer-resul-pookuttys-star-studded-directorial-debut-promises-some-intense-drama-48804.html |access-date=25 October 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=20 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2024 || ''[[Ulajh]]'' || Dhanraj Bhatia || Hindi ||
|-
|''Sikaar'' || || English, Assamese || Indo-British film
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025 || ''[[The Storyteller (2025 film)|The Storyteller]]'' || Ratan Garodia || Hindi || [[Disney+ Hotstar|Disney+Hotstar]] film
|-
| ''Rudra'' || || Assamese ||<ref>{{cite news |title=ৰুদ্ৰখন হৈছে আমাৰ অসমীয়া থলুৱা চিনেমা: ৰূপক গগৈ - Assamese Film Rudra |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/as/!entertainment/exclusive-interview-with-upcoming-assamese-film-director-rupak-gogoi-ass24071004014 |work=ETV Bharat News |language=as |date=10 July 2024 |access-date=16 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''The Confession''
|Krishna Swamy
|English
|
|-
|''Secret of a Mountain Serpent''
|Manik Guho
|Hindi
|
|-
|2026
|''Murders Too Close, Love Too Far''
|Shubhash
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2026 |title=‘Murders Too Close – Love Too Far’ |url=https://indigenousherald.com/News/murders-too-close-love-too-far-24464.html/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=Indigenous Herald}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2002-2003 || ''[[Jasoos Vijay]]'' || Vijay || [[Hindi]] ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || ''[[Delhi Crime]]'' ||Kumar Vijay || Hindi ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'' || Aditya Sahil || English || 2 episodes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || ''[[Mukhbir - The Story of a Spy]]'' || Ramkishore Negi || Hindi ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || ''[[Tooth Pari: When Love Bites]]'' || Adi Deb || Hindi ||
|-
|}

==Short films==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
|''Rasikan Re''
|Hindi
|
|-
|''Butterfly''
|Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|''Doctor, Nurse and Patient''
|Hindi
|
|-
|''Tequila Nights (TV movie)''
|Hindi
|
|-
|2012
|''Infected''
|English
|
|-
|2013
|''Muniya''
|Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|''Dwaraka''
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[One Last Question]]''
|Hindi
|<ref>{{cite web|title=One Last Question|url=https://www.wishberry.in/campaign/one-last-question/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224850/https://www.wishberry.in/campaign/one-last-question/|archive-date=8 May 2014|access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
|''Azaad''
|Hindi
|
|-
|''Bandhi''
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Chutney (film)|Chutney]]''
|Hindi
|
|-
| 2021 || ''Tea and a Rose'' || Hindi English
| Released as a part of the [[Voot|Voot Select]] anthology film ''[[Love in the Times of Corona]]''
|}

==National film awards==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! width=5%| Year
! style="width:40%;"| Category
! style="width:40%;"| Film
! style="width:15%;"| Result
|-
|[[64th National Film Awards|2017]]
|[[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Feature Film)]]
|''[[Mukti Bhawan]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[64th National Film Awards|2017]]
|[[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Feature Film)]]
|''[[Maj Rati Keteki]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
|2018 || [[Amanda Award]] for Best Actor || ''[[What Will People Say]]''
|{{Won}}
|}

== Other awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! width=5%| Year
! style="width:40%;"| Category
! style="width:40%;"| Film
! style="width:15%;"| Result
|-
| 2012
| Best Actor - New Jersey Independent South Asian Cine Fest
|''[[Lessons in Forgetting]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| 2014
| [[Prag Cine Awards 2014|Best Actor-Prag Cine Awards]]
|''[[Raag: The Rhythm of Love]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| 2015
| [[Stardust Awards|Best Actor In A Supporting Role-Stardust Awards]]
|''[[Main Aur Charles]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2018
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actor]]
|''[[Mukti Bhawan]]''
| {{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Instagram}}
*{{IMDb name|1300009}}

{{National Film Award Special Mention feature film}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussain, Adil}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Drama Studio London]]
[[Category:Assamese people]]
[[Category:Assamese-language actors]]
[[Category:Indian drama teachers]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian people of English descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of Iraqi descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:People from Goalpara district]]
[[Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners]]

Shri Ram Chandra Mission

2026-03-09T17:01:23Z

Tanwarpal Singh: further fixed intro for consistency and corrected details

{{short description|Spiritual organization from India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Advert|date=October 2020}}
{{COI|date=October 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = Shri Ram Chandra Mission
|logo = SRCM Logo.png
|type = [[Non-profit organization]]
|founded_date = 1945
|founder = [[Ram Chandra (Babuji)]]
|Parent organization =
|location_city =
|location_country =
|location =
|area_served = Worldwide
|key_people = [[Kamlesh D. Patel]]
|focus = [[Yoga]], [[Spirituality]]
|method = [[Sahaj Marg]], [[Meditation]]
|num_volunteers =
|Non-profit_slogan =
|homepage = {{URL|www.srcm.org}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Shri Ram Chandra Mission''' ('''SRCM''') is an Indian [[non-profit organization]] and a spiritual movement originating. It teaches the practice of "[[Sahaj Marg]]" or "Heartfulness Meditation", was registered in 1945 by [[Ram Chandra (Babuji)|Ram Chandra]] of [[Shahjahanpur]], Uttar Pradesh, and it has its current headquarters at Kanha Shanti Vanam, Kanha village, [[Ranga Reddy District]] near [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]].<ref name="president-speech-2020">{{cite web|title=Address by the President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind on the Occasion of Inauguration of the New Global Headquarters 'Kanha Shanti Vanam' of Shri Ram Chandra Mission|url=https://www.presidentofindia.gov.in/speeches-detail.htm?800|publisher=www.presidentofindia.gov.in|date=2020-02-02|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=President inaugurates 1,400-acre HQ of Heartfulness Institute| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/president-inaugurates-1400-acre-hq-of-heartfulness-institute/article30720282.ece
|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|date=2020-02-02|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Kovind visits ashram near Hyderabad, plants sapling |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/kovind-visits-ashram-near-hyderabad-plants-sapling-117122500591_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Be calm by positioning in the centre |website=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/be-calm-by-positioning-in-the-centre-says-kamlesh-desaibhai-patel/article25281534.ece}}</ref>

==Purpose and practice==
Shri Ram Chandra Mission teaches the "heart based" Raj Yoga meditation system known as [[Sahaj Marg]] or Heartfulness meditation.<ref>{{cite news| title=Spirituality India's precious gift to world: Kovind|url=https://telanganatoday.com/spirituality-indias-precious-gift-to-world-kovind|publisher=Telangana Today|date=2020-02-03|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref>

==Organization==
Shri Ram Chandra Mission was registered in India in the year 1945 by [[Ram Chandra (Babuji)|Ram Chandra of Shahjahanpur]], also known as "Babuji". He had adopted the name Ram Chandra after his teacher [[Ram Chandra (Lalaji)|Ram Chandra of Fatehgarh]], also known as "Lalaji". Babuji was succeeded as president and spiritual Master of SRCM by [[Parthasarathi Rajagopalachari]]. Following his death on 20 December 2014,<ref>{{cite news |title=21st December 2014 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/obituary/21st-december-2014/article6716140.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 December 2014 |access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> [[Kamlesh D. Patel]] became president of SRCM and the fourth spiritual Master of the Sahaj Marg system.<ref name="president-speech-2020"/> The organization was also registered as SRCM USA in California in 1997.{{fact|date=September 2025}}

Shri Ram Chandra Mission claims to have spread this system of meditation amongst millions of people across 160 countries worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=TheWeek |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/03/15/yoga-not-associated-with-any-religion--says-president-kovind.html |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IndianExpress |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/an-ashram-offers-meditation-form-president-kovind-pv-sindhu-practise-6258965/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=10 February 2020}}</ref> Books published by SRCM have been translated to over twenty languages and are read widely across the world.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Sahaj Marg system of meditation |url=http://sundaytimes.lk/080803/Plus/sundaytimesplus_11.html |journal=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=3 August 2008 |access-date=4 August 2010}}</ref> The Spiritual Hierarchy Publication Trust (SHPT) was registered on 8 April 2009, with its headquarters at Kolkata, India. The SHPT undertakes all publication activities under license from the Shri Ram Chandra Mission (SRCM) and the Sahaj Marg Spirituality Foundation (SMSF).<ref name="SHPT">[https://www.shpt.in/?route=information/information&information_id=4/ Spiritual Hierarchy Publication Trust]</ref>

Shri Ram Chandra Mission is an [[NGO]] recognized by the [[United Nations Department of Public Information]] (UNDPI) as a "non-profit organization" in Denmark, the United States and India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Public Information – Non-governmental organizations |url=https://esango.un.org/civilsociety/simpleSearch.do?method=search&searchTypeRedef=simpleSearch&sessionCheck=false&searchType=simpleSearch&organizationNamee=shri+ram+chandra+mission|publisher=[[United Nations]] |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref>

== Kanha Shanti Vanam ==

'''Kanha Shanti Vanam''' is a [[Spirituality|spiritual]] centre with integrated township located 25 kms from [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] in Kanha Village, [[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy District]], [[Hyderabad]], spanning 1,200 acres. It supports extended spiritual training and [[mentorship programmes]].<ref name="ksv5">{{cite news |title=Kanha Shanti Vanam for city-weary souls seeking spirituality |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2017/nov/29/kanha-shanti-vanam-for-city-weary-souls-seeking-spirituality-1714235.html |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=29 November 2017}}</ref> The centre also supports environmental initiatives including [[water conservation]] and saving [[endangered plant]] species.<ref name="Ksv2" />

=== Activities ===
[[File:Hon President of India unveils the World's largest meditation hall.jpg|thumb|right| President of India unveils the World's largest meditation hall at Kanha Shanti Vanam]]
In February 2020 [[Ram Nath Kovind]], the [[President of India]], visited Kanha Shanti Vanam, the global headquarters of Shri Ram Chandra Mission, and unveiled the meditation center, which the organization claims is the largest in the world.<ref>{{cite news|title=President inaugurates meditation centre|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/030220/president-inaugurates-meditation-centre.html|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=2020-02-03|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref> In connection with the center there is a learning center for children between the ages of 3 and 18,<ref>{{cite press release|title=A Unique LEARNING CENTRE' inaugurated at Heartfulness Institute, Kanha Shanti Vanam, Hyderabad| url=https://www.apnnews.com/a-unique-learning-centre-inaugurated-at-heartfulness-institute-kanha-shanti-vanam-hyderabad|publisher=APN News|date=2019-04-30|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref> and a cricket stadium.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/rohit-sharma-stresses-on-meditation-for-positivity/articleshow/73087705.cms|title=Rohit Sharma stresses on meditation for positivity |date=3 January 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

SRCM in collaboration with the [[United Nations Information Centre for India and Bhutan]] hosts the "All India Essay Writing Event", an annual essay writing event for school and college students across the country. Prizes are awarded for national and state level winners. In 2014, a total of 185,751 students from 11,857 schools and colleges across India took part in this annual contest.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/srikakulam-youth-shines-in-essay-contest/article6822459.ece | title= Srikakulam youth shines in essay contest | date=26 January 2015 | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=9 November 2018 }}</ref> In 2017, the event was hosted with participants writing essays in English, Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Marathi, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu.

Shri Ram Chandra Mission, Kanha Shanti Vanam, was awarded the "Haritha Mitra" (Green Friend) Award by the Telangana government in 2016, in recognition of exemplary contribution to the greening movement undertaken by the Government of Telangana by Deputy Chief Minister Mahmood Ali of [[Telangana State]], India.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/award-for-green-commitment/article19506739.ece | title=Award for green commitment | date=17 August 2017 | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=9 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/over-300-trees-uprooted-for-road-widening-get-new-lease-of-life-in-kanha-shantivanam/articleshow/60717887.cms Kanha Shanti Vanam's Green Initaitive]</ref>

In December 2017, [[Ram Nath Kovind]], the then [[President of India]], [[E.S.L. Narasimhan]], [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana]], visited SRCM's Kanha Shanti Vanam Ashram and planted the 100,000th tree with [[Kamlesh D. Patel|Kamlesh Patel]] under the Green Kanha initiative.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kovind visits ashram near Hyderabad, plants sapling|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/kovind-visits-ashram-near-hyderabad-plants-sapling-117122500591_1.html|agency=IANS|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|date=2017-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telangana: Green drive –18 crore more saplings planted than before|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/pets-and-environment/261217/telangana-green-drive-18-crore-more-saplings-planted-than-before.html|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=2017-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Observing International Day of Peace|url=https://telanganatoday.com/observing-international-day-of-peace|publisher=[[Telangana Today]]|date=2017-09-26}}</ref>

=== Environmental Initiative ===

==== Tree Conservation ====
At Kanha Shanti Vanam, the Tree Conservation Center's project was launched by Union Agriculture Minister Mr. [[Narendra Singh Tomar]].<ref name="ksv1">{{cite news |title=Tissue culture lab for endangered plant species come up at Kanha Shantivanam |url=https://www.telugu360.com/tissue-culture-lab-for-endangered-plant-species-come-up-at-kanha-shantivanam/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=telugu360.com |date=29 December 2021}}</ref> The centre undertook plantation of 50,000 plants over the years.<ref name="Ksv2">{{cite news |title=Bookmark these meditation centres in India for a serene getaway |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/bookmark-these-meditation-centres-in-india-for-a-serene-getaway/photostory/92257473.cms?picid=92257563 |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=Times of India Travel |date=16 June 2022}}</ref> A contemporary [[tissue culture]] laboratory has been built to aid in the propagation of critically [[endangered plant]] and tree species.<ref name="ksv3">{{cite news |title=Kanha Shanti Vanam rain forest, a slice of the Western Ghats in Telangana |url=https://telanganatoday.com/kanha-shanti-vanam-rain-forest-a-slice-of-the-western-ghats-in-telangana |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=Telangana Today |date=19 August 2022}}</ref> Tissue culture is used in addition to the traditional methods of seed propagation, cutting, and layering.<ref name="ksv3" />

==== Rainforest ====
The [[Rainforest]] in Kanha Shanti Vanam, which is grown in the formerly arid [[Nandigama mandal|Nandigama Mandal]], covers five to six acres, claims to have increased the area's green cover and has become home to vulnerable and endangered species in the past four to five years.<ref name="ksv3" />

==== Water Conservation ====
There are twelve [[water harvesting]] ponds built to replenish the [[groundwater]] surrounding the site. The year 2017 saw the first significant rainfall in the area after 120 years of drought-like conditions. The increased green cover is claimed to be the reason for this change in climate.<ref name="Ksv4">{{cite news |title=Bringing in the greens from all quarters |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/apr/30/bringing-in-the-greens-from-all-quarters-1808439.html |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=30 April 2018}}</ref>

=== Facilities ===

==== Meditation Hall ====
Kanha Shanti Vanam claims to have the largest [[meditation centre]] in the world, accommodating 100,000 people at a time for meditation.<ref name="Ksv6">{{cite news |title=38,000 practitioners physically participate every day 123rd Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Heartfulness Founder held at Heartfulness Headquarters in Hyderabad |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/38000-practitioners-physically-participate-every-day-123rd-birth-anniversary-celebrations-of-heartfulness-founder-held-at-heartfulness-headquarters-in-hyderabad |access-date=3 January 2023 |work= |publisher=India Education |date=1 May 2022}}</ref> [[File:Kanha Shanti Vanam Meditation Center Dome.jpg|thumb|Kanha Shanti Vanam meditation centre]]

==== Medical Center ====
The medical center has adequate [[medical facilities]] to assist the local populations and visitors. Shri Thaneeru Harish Rao, the [[Government of Telangana|Telangana government]]'s honourable minister of finance, health, medical care, and family welfare, officially inaugurated the Kanha Medical Centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=Harish Rao inaugurates Kanha Medical Centre |url=https://telanganatoday.com/harish-rao-inaugurates-kanha-medical-centre |access-date=4 January 2023 |publisher=Telangana Today |date=24 April 2022}}</ref>

==== Heartfulness Learning Center ====
As part of its educational activities, the Heartfulness Institute has established the "Heartfulness Learning Center," which intends to offer children from Pre-KG through Grade 8. Mr. [[Suresh Prabhu]], Union Minister for Commerce and Civil Aviation, and his wife Mrs. Uma Prabhu attended the inauguration of the Learning Center.<ref name="ksv8">{{cite news |title=A Unique LEARNING CENTRE' inaugurated at Heartfulness Institute, Kanha Shanti Vanam, Hyderabad |url=https://www.apnnews.com/a-unique-learning-centre-inaugurated-at-heartfulness-institute-kanha-shanti-vanam-hyderabad/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=APN News |date=30 April 2019}}</ref>

=== Events ===

A conference for "Rising with Kindness" took place between 12 and 14 August 2022. As per Heartfulness Institute, the goal of the conference was to promote acts of kindness for oneself, others, and the [[Natural environment|environment]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} In addition to raising understanding of [[Culture of India|Indian culture]] and heritage amongst youth, the programme aimed to connect young leaders for [[sustainable development]] and offer more possibilities with Heartfulness through [[yoga]], [[meditation]], and interfaith conversation.<ref name="ksv10">{{cite news |title=The way of heartfulness {{!}} The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2022/08/26/magazines/kuriocity/the-way-of-heartfulness/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=The Navhind Times |date=26 August 2022}}</ref>

The first ever international conference on integrative health and wellbeing (IHW), took place in Kanha Shanti Vanam between 16 and 18 December 2022. The conference combined traditional with integrative holistic approaches to [[health and wellness]] that are supported by research. Several prestigious national and international institutions provided support for the conference. Dr. [[Mansukh Mandaviya]], the then Union Minister for Health, Family Welfare, and Chemicals and Fertilisers, delivered the conference's keynote address alongside Shri [[Kamlesh Patel (Daaji)|Kamlesh Patel]], the Global Guide of Heartfulness Meditation.<ref name="ksv12">{{cite news |title=The Govt. has established 1,50,000 wellness centres in India and encourages research in integrative health and wellness, says Union Minister Shri Mansukh Mandaviya at Heartfulness Headquarters |url=https://www.apnnews.com/the-govt-has-established-150000-wellness-centres-in-india-and-encourages-research-in-integrative-health-and-wellness-says-union-minister-shri-mansukh-mandaviya-at-heartfulness-headquarters/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=APN News |date=18 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="ksv13">{{cite news |title=India believes in the ideology of Vasudaiva Kutumbakam |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/india-believes-in-the-ideology-of-vasudaiva-kutumbakam-union-health-minister-mansukh-mandaviya-1503139119.html |access-date=3 January 2023 |publisher=The Statesman |date=18 December 2022}}</ref>

In 2024, Kanha Shanti Vanam hosted several interfaith and cultural events, including the [[Global Spirituality Mahotsav]] held from 14 to 17 March 2024, organized in collaboration with the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]], [[Government of India]], which featured participants from diverse spiritual backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Spirituality Mahotsav |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2089036}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.srcm.org SRCM (Official site)]
* [http://www.sahajmarg.org/homepage Sahaj Marg]
* [http://www.spiritualityfoundation.org/en-us SMSF]
* [https://kanha.sahajmarg.org/ Kanha Shanti Vanam]
* [https://bitterwinter.org/shri-ram-chandra-mission-the-miviludes-loses-a-court-case/ "Shri Ram Chandra Mission: The MIVILUDES Loses a Court Case"] by [[Massimo Introvigne]] at ''Bitter Winter'' (22 March 2024)

[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1945]]
[[Category:Spiritual organizations]]
[[Category:Yoga organizations]]
[[Category:New religious movements established in the 1940s]]

Parthian Empire

2026-03-08T21:48:36Z

Tanwarpal Singh: page fix

{{Short description|Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = Parthian Empire
| common_name = Parthian Empire|
| era = [[Classical antiquity]]
| government_type = [[Examples of feudalism|Feudal]] [[monarchy]]<ref name="sheldon_2010_231">{{harvnb|Sheldon|2010|p=231}}</ref>|
| year_start = 247 BC
| year_end = 224 AD|
| p1 = Parni
| border_p1 = no
| p2 = Seleucid Empire
| p3 = Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
| s2 = Sasanian Empire
| s1 = Indo-Parthian kingdom
| symbol_type =
| image_map = Map of the Parthian Empire under Mithridates II.svg
| image_map_caption = The Parthian Empire in 94 BC, during the reign of [[Mithridates II of Parthia|Mithridates II]] ({{reign|124|91|era=BC}})
| image_coat =
| capital = [[Ctesiphon]],<ref name=IP>{{cite book|last=Fattah|first=Hala Mundhir|title=A Brief History of Iraq|year=2009|publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]]|isbn=978-0-8160-5767-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofir0000fatt/page/46 46]|quote=One characteristic of the [[Parthia]]ns that the kings themselves maintained was their [[nomad]]ic urge. The kings built or occupied numerous cities as their capitals, the most important being [[Ctesiphon]] on the [[Tigris River]], which they built from the ancient town of [[Opis]].|url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofir0000fatt/page/46}}</ref> [[Ecbatana]], [[Hecatompylos]], [[Susa]], [[Nisa, Turkmenistan|Mithradatkirt]], [[Asaak]], [[Rhages]]
| common_languages = {{plainlist|
*[[Parthian language|Parthian]] (official, court, literature){{sfn|Skjærvø|2004|pp=348–366}}{{sfn|Canepa|2018|p=6}}
*[[Koine Greek|Greek]] (official)<ref name="Green 1992 45"/>
*[[Aramaic]] (''[[lingua franca]]'')<ref name="Green 1992 45">{{harvnb|Green|1992|p=45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Chyet|first=Michael L.|author-link=Michael L. Chyet|editor1-last=Afsaruddin|editor1-first=Asma|editor2-last=Krotkoff|editor2-first=Georg|editor3-last=Zahniser|editor3-first=A. H. Mathias|editor1-link=Asma Afsaruddin|title=Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff|year=1997|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-020-0|page=284|quote=In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and [[Sasanian Empire]]s), [[Aramaic]] was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided [[Aramaic alphabet|scripts]] for writing [[Middle Persian]], [[Parthian language|Parthian]], [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]], and [[Khwarezmian language|Khwarezmian]].}}</ref>}}
| title_leader = [[List of Parthian kings|King]]
| leader1 = [[Arsaces I of Parthia|Arsaces I]] (first)
| year_leader1 = 247–211 BC
| leader2 = [[Artabanus IV of Parthia|Artabanus IV]] (last)
| year_leader2 = 213–224 AD
| stat_year1 = 1 AD<ref name="Turchin223">{{cite journal|last2=Adams|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Hall|first3=Thomas D|date=December 2006|title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires|url=http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381|journal=Journal of World-Systems Research|volume=12|issue=2|page=223|issn=1076-156X|last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|access-date=16 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917031715/http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Taagepera121">{{cite journal|date=1979|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.|journal=Social Science History|volume=3|issue=3/4|page=121|doi=10.2307/1170959|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein|jstor=1170959}}</ref><ref name="OxfordArea">{{Cite book|last1=Bang|first1=Peter Fibiger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mkLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|title=The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience|last2=Bayly|first2=C. A.|last3=Scheidel|first3=Walter|year=2020|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-977311-4|pages=92–94|language=en}}</ref>
| stat_area1 = 2800000|
| legislature = [[History of democracy in classical Iran#Arsacids|Megisthanes]]|
| religion = {{plainlist|
*[[Zoroastrianism]]<ref>{{harvnb|De Jong|2008|p=24|loc="It is impossible to doubt that the Parthians were Zoroastrians. The evidence from the Nisa ostraca and the Parthian parchment from Avroman suffice to prove this, by the use of the Zoroastrian calendar, which was restricted in use, as it had been previously, to communication with Iranians only, yielding to the Seleucid calendar whenever the Parthians dealt with non-Zoroastrians. There are indications, however, that the practice of Zoroastrianism had reserved a large place for the cult of divine images, either those of ancestors in the Fravashi cult, or of deities, and for the existence of sanctuaries dedicated to named deities other than Ahura Mazda, and including deities that are of a non-Avestan background. The Parthian god Sasan is a case in point, but better evidence comes from Armenia, where alongside Aramazd and Anahit, Mher and Vahagn, the West Semitic god Barshamin, and Babylonian Nane were worshipped, as well as the Anatolian Tork and the goddess Astghik of disputed origins."}}</ref>
*[[Babylonian religion]]<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=[https://archive.org/details/persiansintroduc00bros/page/n143 125]|loc="The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were [[polytheistic]]. Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In [[Babylon]] the city-god [[Marduk]] continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses [[Ishtar]] and [[Nanaya|Nanai]], while [[Hatra]]'s main god, the sun-god [[Shamash]], was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods."}}</ref>
*[[Buddhism]]<ref>{{harnvb|Koshelenko|Pilipko|1996|p=149-150|loc="Buddhism was practiced in the easternmost reaches of the Parthian Empire."}}</ref>}}
| currency = [[#Currency|Drachma]]
}}
{{History of Iran|معبد كاريوس ...اوروك .... مدينة الوركاء ... المثنى.jpg}}

The '''Parthian Empire''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɑr|θ|i|ən}}), also known as the '''Arsacid Empire''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑr|s|ə|s|ɪ|d}}),{{efn|[[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Ἀρσάκης}}, {{Small|[[Romanization of Greek|romanized]]:}} ''Arsakēs'', from [[Parthian language|Parthian]]: {{lang|xpr|𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊}}, {{Small|romanized:}} ''Aršak''}} was a major [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] political and cultural power centered in [[History of Iran#Parthian Empire (248 BC–224 AD)|ancient Iran]] from 247 BC to 224 AD.<ref>{{harvnb|Waters|1974|p=424}}.</ref> Its latter name comes from its founder, [[Arsaces I of Parthia|Arsaces I]],<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=84}}</ref> who led the [[Parni]] tribe in [[Parni conquest of Parthia|conquering]] the region of [[Parthia]]<ref>"roughly western [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]]", see {{harvnb|Bickerman|1983|p=6}}.</ref> in [[Iran]]'s northeast, then a [[satrap]]y (province) under [[Andragoras (Seleucid satrap)|Andragoras]], who was rebelling against the [[Seleucid Empire]]. [[Mithridates I of Parthia|Mithridates I]] ({{reign|{{c.|171}}|132}} BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing [[Media (region)|Media]] and [[Mesopotamia]] from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the [[Euphrates]], in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to present-day [[Afghanistan]] and western Pakistan. The empire, located on the [[Silk Road]] trade route between the [[Roman Empire]] in the [[Mediterranean Basin]] and the [[Han dynasty]] of [[Ancient China|China]], became a center of trade and commerce.

The Parthians largely adopted the [[Parthian art|art]], [[Parthian style|architecture]], religious beliefs, and regalia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed [[Culture of Iran|Persian]], [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]], and regional cultures. The Arsacid court initially adopted elements of [[Culture of Greece|Greek culture]], though it eventually saw a gradual revival of [[Religion and culture in ancient Iran|Iranian cultural traditions]]. In modern historiography, the Arsacids are considered the first indigenous [[List of monarchs of Iran|Iranian dynasty]] to come to power in the Iranian world after the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenids]], in contrast to the [[Seleucid dynasty|Seleucids]] who represented Hellenistic rule after [[Alexander the Great]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsacids |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2330-4804_eiro_com_5736 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge History of Iran |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2330-4804_eiro_com_7409 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica Online}}</ref> The [[List of monarchs of Parthia|Arsacid rulers]] were titled "[[King of Kings]]", claiming the inheritance of the [[Achaemenid Empire]]; indeed, they accepted many local kings as [[vassal]]s, though the Achaemenids had centrally appointed, albeit largely autonomous, [[satrap]]s. The Parthian court appointed a small number of satraps, largely outside Iran, but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates. With the expansion of Arsacid power, the seat of central government shifted from [[Nisa, Turkmenistan|Nisa]] to [[Ctesiphon]] along the [[Tigris]] (south of [[Baghdad]]), although several other sites also served as capitals.

The earliest enemies of the Parthians were the [[Seleucid–Parthian wars|Seleucids]] in the west and the [[Scythians]] in the north. However, as Parthia expanded westward, they came into conflict with the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]], and eventually the late [[Roman Republic]]. Rome and Parthia competed with each other to establish the [[List of Armenian kings|kings of Armenia]] as their [[Client state|tributaries]]. The Parthians destroyed the army of [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]] at the [[Battle of Carrhae]] in 53 BC, and in 40–39 BC, Parthian forces captured the whole of the [[Levant]] except [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] from [[Ancient Rome|the Romans]]; [[Mark Antony]] led a Roman [[Antony's Parthian War|counterattack]]. Several Roman emperors invaded Mesopotamia in the [[Roman–Parthian Wars]] of the next few centuries, capturing the cities of [[Seleucia]] and Ctesiphon. Frequent civil wars between Parthian contenders to the throne proved more dangerous to the Empire's stability than foreign invasion, and Parthian power evaporated when [[Ardashir I]], ruler of [[Istakhr]] in [[Persis]], revolted against the Arsacids and killed their last ruler, [[Artabanus IV of Parthia|Artabanus IV]], in 224 AD. Ardashir established the [[Sasanian Empire]], which ruled Iran and much of the Near East until the [[Early Muslim conquests|Muslim conquests]] of the 7th century AD, although the Arsacid dynasty lived on through branches of the family that ruled [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia|Armenia]], [[Arsacid dynasty of Iberia|Caucasian Iberia]], and [[Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania|Caucasian Albania]].

Native Parthian sources, written in [[Parthian language|Parthian]], [[Koine Greek|Greek]] and other languages, are scarce when compared to [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] and even earlier [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] sources. Aside from scattered [[cuneiform]] tablets, fragmentary [[ostraca]], rock inscriptions, [[Ancient drachma|drachma]] coins, and the chance survival of some [[parchment]] documents, much of Parthian history is only known through external sources. These include mainly [[Greek historiography|Greek]] and [[Roman historiography|Roman histories]], but also [[Chinese historiography|Chinese histories]], prompted by the Han Chinese [[Han-Xiongnu War|desire to form alliances against the Xiongnu]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ball|2016|p=155}}</ref> [[Parthian art]]work is a means of understanding aspects of society and culture that are otherwise absent in textual sources.

==History==
===Origins and establishment===
{{Further|Parni conquest of Parthia}}
[[File:Coin of Arsaces I (1), Nisa mint.jpg|thumb|The silver [[Ancient drachma|drachma]] of [[Arsaces I of Parthia|Arsaces I]] ({{reign|{{circa|247}}|211 BC}}) with the Greek language inscription ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ "of Arsaces"|alt=Two sides of a silver coin. The one on the left bears the imprint of a man's head, while the one on the right a sitting individual.]]

Before [[Arsaces I of Parthia|Arsaces I]] founded the Arsacid dynasty, he was chieftain of the [[Parni]], an ancient [[Central Asia]]n tribe of [[Iranian peoples]] and one of several [[nomad]]ic tribes within the confederation of the [[Dahae]].<ref>{{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=41}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=24–27}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=83–84}}</ref> The Parni most likely spoke an [[eastern Iranian language]], in contrast to the [[Western Iranian languages|northwestern Iranian language]] spoken at the time in [[Parthia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=24}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=84}}</ref> The latter was a northeastern province, first under the [[Achaemenid Empire]], and then the [[Seleucid Empire]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=24–27}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=83–84}}</ref> After conquering the region, the Parni adopted [[Parthian language|Parthian]] as the official court language, speaking it alongside [[Middle Persian]], [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Akkadian language|Babylonian]], [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]] and other languages in the multilingual territories they would conquer.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=7–8}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=83–84}}</ref> Some academics debate the ethnic origins of Arsaces I, such as Hashem Kazemi and Mostafa Dehpahlavan, who argue that he was a Parthian native rather than a member of the invading Parni.<ref>{{harvnb|Kazemi|Dehpahlavan|2023|pp=1, 13, 15–19}}, relying on archaeological findings and inferences from various textual primary sources, disagree with the ancient school of thought promoted by [[Apollodorus of Artemita]] and supported afterwards by [[Justin (historian)|Justin]] and [[Strabo]] that [[Arsaces I]] belonged to the [[Parni conquest of Parthia|invading]] [[Parni]]. They instead concur with [[Arrian]], [[Cassius Dio]], and [[Zosimus (historian)|Zosimus]], who suggested a native [[Parthia]]n origin for Arsaces I.</ref>

Why the Arsacid court retroactively chose 247 BC as the first year of the Arsacid era is uncertain. [[Adrian David Hugh Bivar|A. D. H. Bivar]] concludes that this was the year the Seleucids lost control of Parthia to [[Andragoras (3rd century BC)|Andragoras]], the appointed [[satrap]] who rebelled against them. Hence, Arsaces I "backdated his [[regnal year]]s" to the moment when Seleucid control over Parthia ceased.<ref name="bivar_1983_28-29">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=28–29}}</ref> However, Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis asserts that this was simply the year Arsaces was made chief of the Parni tribe.<ref name="curtis_2007_7">{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=7}}</ref> Homa Katouzian<ref name="katouzian 2009 41">{{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=41}}</ref> and Gene Ralph Garthwaite<ref name="garthwaite_2005_67">{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=67}}</ref> claim it was the year Arsaces conquered Parthia and expelled the Seleucid authorities, yet Curtis<ref name="curtis_2007_7"/> and Maria Brosius<ref name="brosius_2006_85">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=85}}</ref> state that Andragoras was not [[Parni conquest of Parthia|overthrown by the Arsacids]] until 238 BC.

It is unclear who immediately succeeded Arsaces I. Bivar<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=29–31}}</ref> and Katouzian<ref name="katouzian 2009 41"/> affirm that it was his brother [[Tiridates I of Parthia]], who in turn was succeeded by his son [[Arsaces II of Parthia]] in 211 BC. Yet Curtis<ref name="curtis_2007_8">{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=8}}</ref> and Brosius<ref name="brosius_2006_86">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=86}}</ref> state that Arsaces II was the immediate successor of Arsaces I, with Curtis claiming the succession took place in 211 BC, and Brosius in 217 BC. Bivar insists that 138 BC, the last regnal year of Mithridates I, is "the first precisely established regnal date of Parthian history."<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=36}}</ref> Due to these and other discrepancies, Bivar outlines [[List of Parthian kings|two distinct royal chronologies]] accepted by historians.<ref name="bivar_1983_98-99">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=98–99}}</ref> A fictitious claim was later made from the 2nd-century BC onwards by the Parthians, which represented them as descendants of the Achaemenid king of kings, [[Artaxerxes II of Persia]] ({{reign|404|358 BC}}).{{sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=179}}

[[File:Rome-Seleucia-Parthia 200bc.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[Parthia]], shaded yellow, alongside the [[Seleucid Empire]] (blue) and the [[Roman Republic]] (purple) around 200 BC|alt=A map centered on the Mediterranean and Middle East showing the extent of the Roman Republic (Purple), Selucid Empire (Blue), and Parthia (Yellow) around 200 BC.]]

For a time, Arsaces I consolidated his position in Parthia and [[Hyrcania]] by taking advantage of the invasion of Seleucid territory in the west by [[Ptolemy III Euergetes]] (''r''. 246–222 BC) of [[History of Ptolemaic Egypt|Egypt]]. This conflict with Ptolemy, the [[Syrian Wars#Third Syrian War (246-241 BC)|Third Syrian War]] (246–241 BC), also allowed [[Diodotus I]] to rebel and form the [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]] in Central Asia.<ref name="brosius_2006_85"/> The latter's successor, [[Diodotus II]], formed an alliance with Arsaces I against the Seleucids, but Arsaces was temporarily driven from Parthia by the forces of [[Seleucus II Callinicus]] ({{reign|246|225 BC}}).<ref name="brosius_2006_85-86">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=85–86}}</ref> After spending some time in exile among the nomadic [[Apasiacae]] tribe, Arsaces I led a counterattack and recaptured Parthia. Seleucus II's successor, [[Antiochus III the Great]] ({{reign|222|187 BC}}), was unable to immediately retaliate because his troops were engaged in putting down the rebellion of [[Molon]] in [[Media (region)|Media]].<ref name="brosius_2006_85-86"/>

Antiochus III launched a massive campaign to retake Parthia and Bactria in 210 or 209 BC. Despite some [[Battle of Mount Labus|victories]] he was unsuccessful, but did negotiate a peace settlement with Arsaces II. The latter was granted the title of king ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: ''[[basileus]]'') in return for his submission to Antiochus III as his superior.<ref name="bivar_1983_29 brosius_2006_86 kennedy_1996_74">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=29}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=86}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=74}}</ref> The Seleucids were unable to further intervene in Parthian affairs following increasing encroachment by the [[Roman Republic]] and the Seleucid [[Battle of Magnesia|defeat at Magnesia]] in 190 BC.<ref name="bivar_1983_29 brosius_2006_86 kennedy_1996_74"/> [[Priapatius]] ({{reign|{{circa|191}}|176 BC}}) succeeded Arsaces II, and [[Phraates I]] ({{reign|{{circa| 176}}|171 BC}}) eventually ascended the Parthian throne. Phraates I ruled Parthia without further Seleucid interference.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=29–31}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=86}}</ref>

===Expansion and consolidation===
{{Main|Seleucid–Parthian wars}}

[[File:MithridatesIParthiaCoinHistoryofIran.jpg|thumb|[[Ancient drachma|Drachma]] of [[Mithridates I of Parthia|Mithridates I]], showing him wearing a beard and a royal [[diadem]] on his head. Reverse side: [[Heracles]]/[[Verethragna]], holding a club in his left hand and a cup in his right hand; Greek inscription reading ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ "of the Great King Arsaces the [[Philhellene]]"|alt=Two sides of a coin. The side on the left showing the head of a bearded man, while the right a standing individual.]]

Phraates I is recorded as expanding Parthia's control past the [[Gates of Alexander]] and occupied [[Apamea Ragiana]]. The locations of these are unknown.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=31}}</ref> Yet the greatest expansion of Parthian power and territory took place during the reign of his brother and successor [[Mithridates I of Parthia|Mithridates I]] (r. c. 171–132 BC),<ref name="brosius_2006_86"/> whom Katouzian compares to [[Cyrus the Great]] (d. 530 BC), founder of the Achaemenid Empire.<ref name="katouzian 2009 41"/>

Relations between Parthia and Greco-Bactria deteriorated after the death of Diodotus II, when forces under Mithridates I captured two [[Eparchy (disambiguation)|eparchies]] of the latter kingdom, then under [[Eucratides I]] (''r''. c. 170–145 BC).<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=33}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=86}}</ref> Turning his sights on the Seleucid realm, Mithridates I invaded Media and occupied [[Ecbatana]] in 148 or 147 BC; the region had been destabilized by a recent Seleucid suppression of a rebellion there led by [[Timarchus]].<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=10–11}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=33}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=76}}</ref> This victory was followed by the Parthian conquest of [[Babylonia]] in [[Mesopotamia]], where Mithridates I had coins minted at [[Seleucia]] in 141 BC and held an official [[investiture]] ceremony.<ref name="curtis_2007_10-11 brosius_2006_86-87 Bivar_1983_34 Garthwaite_2005_76">{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=10–11}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=86–87}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=34}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=76}};</ref> While Mithridates I retired to Hyrcania, his forces subdued the kingdoms of [[Elymais]] and [[Characene]] and occupied [[Susa]].<ref name="curtis_2007_10-11 brosius_2006_86-87 Bivar_1983_34 Garthwaite_2005_76"/> By this time, Parthian authority extended as far east as the [[Indus River]].<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=76}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=35}}</ref>
[[File:Rodoguna, daughter of the Parthian king Mithridates II, marble from Nisa; National Museum of History, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.jpg|alt=Two sides of a coin. The side on the left showing the head of a bearded man, while the right a standing individual.|thumb|Statue of a Parthian woman, marble from Nisa; National Museum of History, [[Ashgabat]], [[Turkmenistan]]]]
Whereas [[Hecatompylos]] had served as the first Parthian capital, Mithridates I established royal residences at Seleucia, Ecbatana, [[Ctesiphon]] and his newly founded city, Mithradatkert ([[Nisa, Turkmenistan|Nisa]]), where the tombs of the Arsacid kings were built and maintained.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=103, 110–113}}</ref> Ecbatana became the main summertime residence for the Arsacid royalty.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=73}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=77}}</ref> Ctesiphon may not have become the official capital until the reign of [[Gotarzes I]] (''r''. c. 90–80 BC).<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=77}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=38–39}}</ref> It became the site of the royal [[coronation]] ceremony and the representational city of the Arsacids, according to Brosius.<ref name="brosius_2006_103" />

The Seleucids were unable to retaliate immediately as general [[Diodotus Tryphon]] led a rebellion at the capital [[Antioch]] in 142 BC.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=34}}</ref> However, by 140 BC [[Demetrius II Nicator]] was able to launch a counter-invasion against the Parthians in Mesopotamia. Despite early successes, the Seleucids were defeated and Demetrius himself was captured by Parthian forces and taken to Hyrcania. There Mithridates I treated his captive with great hospitality; he even married his daughter [[Rhodogune of Parthia]] to Demetrius.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=89}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=35}}; {{harvnb|Shayegan|2007|pp=83–103}}</ref>

[[Antiochus VII Sidetes]] (''r''. 138–129 BC), a brother of Demetrius, assumed the Seleucid throne and married the latter's wife [[Cleopatra Thea]]. After defeating Diodotus Tryphon, Antiochus initiated a campaign in 130 BC to retake Mesopotamia, now under the rule of [[Phraates II]] (''r''. c. 132–127 BC). The Parthian general Indates was defeated along the [[Great Zab]], followed by a local uprising where the Parthian governor of Babylonia was killed. Antiochus conquered Babylonia and occupied Susa, where he minted coins.<ref name="bivar_1983_36-37 curtis_2007_11">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=36–37}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=11}}; {{harvnb|Shayegan|2011|pp=121–150}}</ref> After Antiochus advanced his army into Media, the Parthians pushed for peace, which Antiochus refused to accept unless the Arsacids relinquished all lands to him except Parthia proper, paid heavy tribute, and released Demetrius from captivity. Arsaces released Demetrius and sent him to [[History of Syria|Syria]], but refused the other demands.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=76–77}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=36–37}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=11}}</ref> By spring 129 BC, the Medes were in open revolt against Antiochus, whose army had exhausted the resources of the countryside during winter. While Antiochus attempted to put down the revolts, the main Parthian force swept into the region and killed Antiochus at the [[Battle of Ecbatana]] in 129 BC. His body was sent back to Syria in a silver coffin; his son Seleucus was made a Parthian hostage<ref>{{harvnb|Shayegan|2011|pp=145–150}}</ref> and a daughter joined Phraates' [[harem]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=37–38}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=77}}; see also {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=90}} and {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|pp=41–42}}</ref>
[[File:Tetradrachm of Mithridates II of Parthia, minted at Seleucia between 120 and 109 BC.jpg|thumb|Drachma of [[Mithridates II of Parthia|Mithridates II]] (''r''. c. 124–91 BC). Reverse side: seated archer carrying a bow; inscription reading "of the [[King of Kings]] Arsaces the Renowned/Manifest Philhellene."]]
While the Parthians regained the territories lost in the west, another threat arose in the east. In 177–176 BC the nomadic confederation of the [[Xiongnu]] dislodged the nomadic [[Yuezhi]] from their homelands in what is now [[Gansu]] province in [[Northwest China]];<ref>{{harvnb|Torday|1997|pp=80–81}}</ref> the Yuezhi then migrated west into Bactria and displaced the [[Saka]] (Scythian) tribes. The Saka were forced to move further west, where they invaded the Parthian Empire's northeastern borders.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=76}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=36–37}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=89, 91}}</ref> Mithridates I was thus forced to retire to Hyrcania after his conquest of Mesopotamia.<ref name="brosius_2006_89">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=89}}</ref>

Some of the Saka were enlisted in Phraates' forces against Antiochus. However, they arrived too late to engage in the conflict. When Phraates refused to pay their wages, the Saka revolted, which he tried to put down with the aid of former Seleucid soldiers, yet they too abandoned Phraates and joined sides with the Saka.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=77}}</ref> Phraates II marched against this combined force, but he was killed in battle.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=38–39}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=77}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=11}}; {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=42}}</ref> The Roman historian [[Justin (historian)|Justin]] reports that his successor [[Artabanus I of Parthia|Artabanus I]] (''r''. c. 128–124 BC) shared a similar fate fighting nomads in the east. He claims Artabanus was killed by the Tokhari (identified as the Yuezhi), although Bivar believes Justin conflated them with the Saka.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=38–39}}</ref> [[Mithridates II of Parthia|Mithridates II]] (r. c. 124–91 BC) later recovered the lands lost to the Saka in [[Sakastan]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=40–41}}; {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=42}}</ref>

[[File:Silk from Mawangdui 2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Han dynasty]] Chinese [[silk]] from [[Mawangdui]], 2nd century BC. Silk from [[History of China|China]] was perhaps the most lucrative luxury item the Parthians traded at the western end of the [[Silk Road]].<ref name="garthwaite_2005_78">{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=78}}</ref>]]

Following the Seleucid withdrawal from Mesopotamia, the Parthian governor of Babylonia, Himerus, was ordered by the Arsacid court to conquer [[Characene]], then ruled by [[Hyspaosines]] from [[Charax Spasinu]]. When this failed, Hyspaosines invaded Babylonia in 127 BC and occupied Seleucia. Yet by 122 BC, Mithridates II forced Hyspaosines out of Babylonia and made the kings of Characene [[vassal]]s under Parthian [[suzerainty]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=40}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=11–12}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=90}}</ref> After Mithridates II extended Parthian control further west, occupying [[Dura-Europos]] in 113 BC, he became embroiled in a conflict with the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref> His forces defeated and deposed [[Artavasdes I of Armenia]] in 97 BC, taking his son Tigranes hostage, who would later become [[Tigranes the Great|Tigranes II "the Great" of Armenia]] (''r''. c. 95–55 BC).<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=91–92}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=40–41}}</ref>

The [[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]], located in modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan made an alliance with the Parthian Empire in the 1st century BC.<ref name="bivar_2007_26">{{harvnb|Bivar|2007|p=26}}</ref> Bivar claims that these two states considered each other political equals.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=41}}</ref> After the Greek philosopher [[Apollonius of Tyana]] visited the court of [[Vardanes I]] (''r''. c. 40–47 AD) in 42 AD, Vardanes provided him with the protection of a caravan as he traveled to Indo-Parthia. When Apollonius reached Indo-Parthia's capital [[Taxila]], his caravan leader read Vardanes' official letter, perhaps written in Parthian, to an Indian official who treated Apollonius with great hospitality.<ref name="bivar_2007_26"/>

Following the [[Foreign relations of Imperial China|diplomatic venture]] of [[Zhang Qian]] into Central Asia during the reign of [[Emperor Wu of Han]] (''r''. 141–87 BC), the [[Han dynasty|Han Empire]] of China sent a delegation to Mithridates II's court in 121 BC. The Han embassy [[Economy of the Han dynasty#Foreign trade and tributary exchange|opened official trade relations]] with Parthia via the [[Silk Road]] yet did not achieve a desired military alliance against the confederation of the Xiongnu.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=90–91}}; {{harvnb|Watson|1983|pp=540–542}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=77–78}}</ref> The Parthian Empire was enriched by taxing the Eurasian caravan trade in [[History of silk|silk]], the most highly priced luxury good [[Roman commerce|imported by the Romans]].<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=78}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=122–123}}</ref> Pearls were also a highly valued import from China, while the Chinese purchased Parthian spices, perfumes, and fruits.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=123–125}}</ref> Exotic animals were also given as gifts from the Arsacid to Han courts; in 87 AD [[Pacorus II of Parthia]] sent lions and Persian gazelles to [[Emperor Zhang of Han]] (''r''. 75–88 AD).<ref>{{harvnb|Wang|2007|pp=100–101}}</ref> Besides silk, Parthian goods purchased by Roman merchants included [[History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent|iron from India]], [[Spice trade|spices]], and fine leather.<ref>{{harvnb|Kurz|1983|p=560}}</ref> Caravans traveling through the Parthian Empire brought West Asian and sometimes [[Roman glass|Roman luxury glasswares]] to China.<ref>{{harvnb|Ebrey|1999|p=70}}; for an archaeological survey of Roman glasswares in ancient Chinese burials, see {{harvnb|An|2002|pp=79–84}}</ref> The merchants of [[Sogdia]], speaking an [[Sogdian language|Eastern Iranian language]], served as the primary middlemen of this vital silk trade between [[China–Iran relations#Han-Parthian era|Parthia and Han China]].<ref>{{harvnb|Howard|2012|p=133}}</ref>

===Rome and Armenia===
{{Main|Roman–Persian relations|Roman–Parthian Wars|Parthian invasion of 40 BC}}

[[File:Parthian prince, from Sham-Izeh, Malamir, Iran, c.50 BC-AD 150 (cast bronze), Parthian School (250 BC-226 AD) National Museum of Iran, Tehran, Iran.jpg|thumb|{{center|[[Statue, National Museum of Iran 2401|Bronze statue of a Parthian nobleman]] from the sanctuary at Shami in [[Elymais]] (modern-day [[Khūzestān Province]], [[Iran]], along the Persian Gulf), now located at the [[National Museum of Iran]]. Dated 50 BC – 150 AD, Parthian School.}}]]
The Yuezhi [[Kushan Empire]] in northern India largely guaranteed the security of Parthia's eastern border.<ref name="brosius_2006_92">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=92}}</ref> Thus, from the mid-1st century BC onwards, the Arsacid court focused on securing the western border, primarily against Rome.<ref name="brosius_2006_92"/> A year following Mithridates II's subjugation of Armenia, [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla]], the Roman [[proconsul]] of [[Cilicia]], convened with the Parthian diplomat [[Orobazus]] at the [[Euphrates]] river. The two agreed that the river would serve as the border between Parthia and Rome, although several historians have argued that Sulla only had authority to communicate these terms back to Rome.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|pp=73–78}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=91}}; {{harvnb|Sheldon|2010|pp=12–16}}</ref>

Despite this agreement, in 93 or 92 BC Parthia fought a war in Syria against the tribal leader [[Laodice of the Sameans|Laodice]] and her Seleucid ally [[Antiochus X Eusebes]] (''r''. 95–92? BC), killing the latter.<ref name="kennedy_1996_77–78">{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|pp=77–78}}</ref> When one of the last Seleucid monarchs, [[Demetrius III Eucaerus]], attempted to besiege Beroea (modern [[Aleppo]]), Parthia sent military aid to the inhabitants and Demetrius was defeated.<ref name="kennedy_1996_77–78"/>

Following the rule of Mithridates II, his son [[Gotarzes I]] succeeded him.<ref>{{harvnb|Assar|2006|p=62}}; {{harvnb|Shayegan|2011|p=225}}; {{harvnb|Rezakhani|2013|p=770}}</ref> He reigned during a period coined in scholarship as the "[[Parthian Dark Age]]," due to the lack of clear information on the events of this period in the empire, except a series of, apparently overlapping, reigns.{{sfn|Shayegan|2011|pp=188–189}}{{sfn|Sellwood|1976|p=2}} It is only with the beginning of the reign of [[Orodes II]] in {{circa|57 BC}}, that the line of Parthian rulers can again be reliably traced.{{sfn|Sellwood|1976|p=2}} This system of split monarchy weakened Parthia, allowing Tigranes II of Armenia to annex Parthian territory in western Mesopotamia. This land would not be restored to Parthia until the reign of [[Sinatruces of Parthia|Sinatruces]] (''r''. c. 78–69 BC).<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=91–92}}</ref>

Following the outbreak of the [[Third Mithridatic War]], [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]] (''r''. 119–63 BC), an ally of Tigranes II of Armenia, requested aid from Parthia against Rome, but Sinatruces refused help.<ref name="bivar_1983_44-45">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=44–45}}</ref> When the Roman commander [[Lucullus]] marched against the Armenian capital [[Tigranocerta]] in 69 BC, Mithridates VI and Tigranes II requested the aid of [[Phraates III]] (''r''. c. 71–58). Phraates did not send aid to either, and after the [[Battle of Tigranocerta|fall of Tigranocerta]] he reaffirmed with Lucullus the Euphrates as the boundary between Parthia and Rome.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=45–46}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=94}}</ref>

[[Tigranes the Younger]], son of Tigranes II of Armenia, failed to usurp the Armenian throne from his father. He fled to Phraates III and convinced him to march against Armenia's new capital at [[Artaxata]]. When this siege failed, Tigranes the Younger once again fled, this time to the Roman commander [[Pompey]]. He promised Pompey that he would act as a guide through Armenia, but, when Tigranes II submitted to Rome as a [[Client state|client king]], Tigranes the Younger was brought to Rome as a hostage.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=46–47}}</ref> Phraates demanded Pompey return Tigranes the Younger to him, but Pompey refused. In retaliation, Phraates launched an invasion into [[Corduene]] (southeastern Turkey) where, according to two conflicting Roman accounts, the Roman consul [[Lucius Afranius (consul)|Lucius Afranius]] forced the Parthians out by either military or diplomatic means.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=47}}; [[Cassius Dio]] writes that Lucius Afranius reoccupied the region without confronting the Parthian army, whereas [[Plutarch]] asserts that Afranius drove him out by military means.</ref>

Phraates III was assassinated by his sons [[Orodes II of Parthia]] and [[Mithridates IV of Parthia]], after which Orodes turned on Mithridates, forcing him to flee from Media to [[Syria (Roman province)|Roman Syria]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=48–49}}; see also {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|pp=42–43}}</ref> [[Aulus Gabinius]], the Roman proconsul of Syria, marched in support of Mithridates to the Euphrates, but had to turn back to aid [[Ptolemy XII Auletes]] (''r''. 80–58; 55–51 BC) against a rebellion in Egypt.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=48–49}}; also, {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=94–95}} mentions this in passing.</ref> Despite losing his Roman support, Mithridates managed to conquer Babylonia, and minted coins at Seleucia until 54 BC. In that year, Orodes' general, known only as [[Surena]] after his noble family's clan name, recaptured Seleucia, and Mithridates was executed.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=49}}</ref>

[[File:Head of Marcus Licinius Crassus, middle of 1st century BC, from Italy, Moi, Auguste, Empereur de Rome exhibition, Grand Palais, Paris - 14649017884.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A Roman marble head of the triumvir [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]], who was [[Battle of Carrhae|defeated at Carrhae]] by [[Surena]]]]

[[Marcus Licinius Crassus]], one of the [[First Triumvirate|triumvirs]], who was now proconsul of Syria, invaded Parthia in 53 BC in belated support of Mithridates.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=49–50}}; {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|pp=42–43}}</ref> As his army [[Battle of Carrhae|marched to Carrhae]] (modern [[Harran]], southeastern Turkey), Orodes II invaded Armenia, cutting off support from Rome's ally [[Artavasdes II of Armenia]] (''r''. 53–34 BC). Orodes persuaded Artavasdes to a marriage alliance between the crown prince [[Pacorus I of Parthia]] (d. 38 BC) and Artavasdes' sister.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=55–56}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=79}}; see also {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=94–95}} and {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=12–13}}</ref>

Surena, with an army entirely on horseback, rode to meet Crassus.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}</ref> Surena's 1,000 [[cataphract]]s (armed with lances) and 9,000 [[horse archer]]s were outnumbered roughly four to one by Crassus' army, comprising seven [[Roman legion]]s and auxiliaries including mounted [[Gaul]]s and light infantry.<ref name="bivar_1983_52">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=52}}</ref> Using a baggage train of about 1,000 camels, the Parthian army provided the horse archers with a constant supply of arrows.<ref name="bivar_1983_52"/> The horse archers employed the "[[Parthian shot]]" tactic: feigning retreat to draw enemy out, then turning and shooting at them when exposed. This tactic, executed with heavy [[composite bow]]s on the flat plain, devastated Crassus' infantry.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=94–95}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=78–79}}</ref>

With some 20,000 Romans dead, approximately 10,000 captured, and roughly another 10,000 escaping west, Crassus fled into the Armenian countryside.<ref>{{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|pp=42–43}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=79}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}</ref> At the head of his army, Surena approached Crassus, offering a [[parley]], which Crassus accepted. However, he was killed when one of his junior officers, suspecting a trap, attempted to stop him from riding into Surena's camp.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=52–55}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}</ref> Crassus' defeat at Carrhae was one of the worst military defeats of Roman history.<ref name="kennedy_1996_78"/> Parthia's victory cemented its reputation as a formidable if not equal power with Rome.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=55–56}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}</ref> With his camp followers, war captives, and precious Roman booty, Surena traveled some 700 km (430 mi) back to Seleucia where his victory was celebrated. However, fearing his ambitions even for the Arsacid throne, Orodes had Surena executed shortly thereafter.<ref name="kennedy_1996_78">{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=78}}</ref>

[[Image:Antony with Octavian aureus.jpg|thumb|Roman [[aureus|aurei]] bearing the portraits of [[Mark Antony]] (left) and [[Octavian]] (right), issued in 41 BC to celebrate the establishment of the [[Second Triumvirate]] by Octavian, Antony and [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Lepidus]] in 43 BC]]
Emboldened by the victory over Crassus, the Parthians attempted to capture Roman-held territories in [[West Asia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=80}} asserts that permanent occupation was the obvious goal of the Parthians, especially after the cities of Roman Syria and even the Roman garrisons submitted to the Parthians and joined their cause.</ref> [[Crown prince]] Pacorus I and his commander Osaces raided Syria as far as Antioch in 51 BC, but were repulsed by [[Gaius Cassius Longinus]], who ambushed and killed Osaces.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|pp=78–79}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=56}}</ref> The Arsacids sided with Pompey in [[Caesar's Civil War|the civil war against Julius Caesar]] and even sent troops to support the anti-Caesarian forces at the [[Battle of Philippi]] in 42 BC.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=56–57}}; {{harvnb|Strugnell|2006|p=243}}</ref>

[[Quintus Labienus]], a general loyal to Cassius and [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger|Brutus]], sided with Parthia against the [[Second Triumvirate]] in 40 BC; the following year he [[Parthian invasion of 40 BC|invaded Syria alongside Pacorus I]].<ref name="bivar_1983_57 strugnell_2006_244 kennedy_1996_80">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=57}}; {{harvnb|Strugnell|2006|p=244}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=80}}</ref> The triumvir [[Mark Antony]] was unable to lead the Roman defense against Parthia due to his departure to Italy, where he amassed his forces to confront his rival [[Octavian]] and eventually [[Treaty of Brundisium|conducted negotiations with him]] at [[Brundisium]].<ref>{{harvnb|Syme|2002|pp=214–217}}</ref>

After Syria was occupied by Pacorus' army, Labienus split from the main Parthian force to invade [[Anatolia]] while Pacorus and his commander [[Barzapharnes]] invaded the Roman [[Levant]].<ref name="bivar_1983_57 strugnell_2006_244 kennedy_1996_80"/> They subdued all settlements along the Mediterranean coast as far south as Ptolemais (modern [[Acre, Israel]]), with the lone exception of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]].<ref name="bivar_1983_57">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=57}}</ref> In [[Judea]], the pro-Roman Jewish forces of high priest [[Hyrcanus II]], [[Phasael]], and [[Herod the Great|Herod]] were defeated by the Parthians and their Jewish ally [[Antigonus II Mattathias]] (r. 40–37 BC); the latter was made king of Judea while Herod fled to his fort at [[Masada]].<ref name="bivar_1983_57 strugnell_2006_244 kennedy_1996_80"/>

Despite these successes, the Parthians were soon driven out of the Levant by a Roman counteroffensive. [[Publius Ventidius Bassus]], an officer under Mark Antony, defeated and then executed Labienus at the [[Battle of the Cilician Gates]] (in modern [[Mersin Province]], Turkey) in 39 BC.<ref name="bivar_1983_57-58 strugnell_2006_239, 245 brosius_2006_96 kennedy 1996_80">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=57–58}}; {{harvnb|Strugnell|2006|pp=239, 245}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=80}}</ref> Shortly afterward, a Parthian force in Syria led by general Pharnapates was defeated by Ventidius at the [[Battle of Amanus Pass]].<ref name="bivar_1983_57-58 strugnell_2006_239, 245 brosius_2006_96 kennedy 1996_80"/>

As a result, Pacorus I temporarily withdrew from Syria. When he returned in the spring of 38 BC, he faced Ventidius at the [[Battle of Mount Gindarus]], northeast of Antioch. Pacorus was killed during the battle, and his forces retreated across the Euphrates. His death spurred a succession crisis in which Orodes II chose [[Phraates IV]] (''r''. c. 38–2 BC) as his new heir.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=58}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=96}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|pp=80–81}}; see also {{harvnb|Strugnell|2006|pp=239, 245–246}}</ref>
[[File:Tetradrachm coin of Phraates IV with Tyche on Reverse.jpg|thumb|Drachma of [[Phraates IV]] (''r''. c. 38–2 BC). Inscription reading ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ "of the [[King of Kings]] Arsaces the Renowned/Manifest Benefactor Philhellene"]]
Upon assuming the throne, Phraates IV eliminated rival claimants by killing and exiling his own brothers.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=79}}</ref> One of them, [[Monaeses (nobleman)|Monaeses]], fled to Antony and persuaded him to [[Antony's Parthian War|invade Parthia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=58–59}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=81}}</ref> Antony defeated Parthia's Judaean ally Antigonus in 37 BC, installing Herod as a client king in his place.

The following year, when Antony marched to [[Erzurum|Theodosiopolis]], Artavasdes II of Armenia once again switched alliances by sending Antony additional troops. Antony invaded Media [[Atropatene]] (modern [[Iranian Azerbaijan]]), then ruled by Parthia's ally [[Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene]], with the intention of seizing the capital Praaspa, the location of which is now unknown. However, Phraates IV ambushed Antony's rear detachment, destroying a giant [[battering ram]] meant for the siege of Praaspa; after this, Artavasdes II abandoned Antony's forces.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=58–59}}</ref>

The Parthians pursued and harassed Antony's army as it fled to Armenia. Eventually, the greatly weakened force reached Syria.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=60–63}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=13}}; see also {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=81}} for analysis on Rome's shift of attention away from Syria to the Upper Euphrates, starting with Antony.</ref> Antony lured Artavasdes II into a trap with the promise of a marriage alliance. He was taken captive in 34 BC, paraded in Antony's mock [[Roman triumph]] in [[Alexandria]], Egypt,<ref>{{harvnb|Roller|2010|p=99}}</ref> and eventually executed by [[Cleopatra VII]] of the [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]].<ref>{{harvnb|Burstein|2004|p=31}}</ref><ref name="bivar_1983_64-65">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=64–65}}</ref>

Antony attempted to strike an alliance with Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene, whose relations with Phraates IV had recently soured. This was abandoned when Antony and his forces withdrew from Armenia in 33 BC; they escaped a Parthian invasion while Antony's rival Octavian attacked his forces to the west.<ref name="bivar_1983_64-65"/> After the defeat and suicides of Antony and Cleopatra in 30 BC,<ref>{{harvnb|Roller|2010|pp=145–151}}</ref> Parthian ally [[Artaxias II]] reassumed the throne of Armenia.

===Peace with Rome, court intrigue, and contact with Chinese generals===
{{Further|Pax Romana}}

Following the defeat and deaths of Antony and [[Reign of Cleopatra VII|Cleopatra]] of [[Ptolemaic Egypt]] after the [[Battle of Actium]] in 31 BC, Octavian consolidated his political power and in 27 BC was named [[Augustus]] by the [[Roman Senate]], becoming the first [[Roman emperor]].<ref>{{harvnb|Roller|2010|pp=138–151}}; {{harvnb|Bringmann|2007|pp=304–307}}</ref> Around this time, [[Tiridates II of Parthia]] briefly overthrew Phraates IV, who was able to quickly reestablish his rule with the aid of Scythian nomads.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=65–66}}</ref> Tiridates fled to the Romans, taking one of Phraates' sons with him. In negotiations conducted in 20 BC, Phraates arranged for the release of his kidnapped son. In return, the Romans received the lost [[Aquila (Roman)|legionary standards]] taken at Carrhae in 53 BC, as well as any surviving prisoners of war.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=80}}; see also {{harvnb|Strugnell|2006|pp=251–252}}</ref> The Parthians viewed this exchange as a small price to pay to regain the prince.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=66–67}}</ref> Augustus hailed the return of the standards as a political victory over Parthia; this propaganda was celebrated in the minting of new coins, the [[Forum of Augustus|building of a new temple]] to house the standards, and even in fine art such as the [[breastplate]] scene on his statue [[Augustus of Prima Porta]].<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=96–97; 136–137}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=66–67}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=12–13}}</ref>

[[File:Augustus Prima Porta (detail).PNG|thumb|left|A close-up view of the [[breastplate]] on the statue of [[Augustus of Prima Porta]], showing a Parthian man returning to [[Augustus]] the [[Aquila (Roman)|legionary standards]] lost by [[Marcus Licinius Crassus]] at [[Battle of Carrhae|Carrhae]]]]

Along with the prince, Augustus also gave Phraates IV an Italian slave-girl, who later became Queen [[Musa of Parthia]]. To ensure that her child Phraataces would inherit the throne without incident, Musa convinced Phraates IV to give his other sons to Augustus as hostages. Again, Augustus used this as propaganda depicting the submission of Parthia to Rome, listing it as a great accomplishment in his ''[[Res Gestae Divi Augusti]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=67}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=96–99}}</ref> When Phraataces took the throne as [[Phraates V]] (''r''. c. 2 BC – 4 AD), Musa ruled alongside him, and according to [[Josephus]], married him. The Parthian nobility, disapproving of the notion of a king with non-Arsacid blood, forced the pair into exile in Roman territory.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=68}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=97–99}}; see also {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=80}}</ref> Phraates' successor [[Orodes III of Parthia]] lasted just two years on the throne, and was followed by [[Vonones I]], who had adopted many Roman mannerisms during time in Rome. The Parthian nobility, angered by Vonones' sympathies for the Romans, backed a rival claimant, [[Artabanus II of Parthia]] (''r''. c. 10–38 AD), who eventually defeated Vonones and drove him into exile in Roman Syria.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=68–69}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=97–99}}</ref>

During the reign of Artabanus II, two Jewish commoners and brothers, [[Anilai and Asinai]] from [[Nehardea]] (near modern [[Fallujah]], Iraq),<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=69–71}}</ref> led a revolt against the Parthian governor of Babylonia. After defeating the latter, the two were granted the right to govern the region by Artabanus II, who feared further rebellion elsewhere.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=71}}</ref> Anilai's Parthian wife poisoned Asinai out of fear he would attack Anilai over his marriage to a [[gentile]]. Following this, Anilai became embroiled in an armed conflict with a son-in-law of Artabanus, who eventually defeated him.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=71–72}}</ref> With the Jewish regime removed, the native Babylonians began to harass the [[Iraqi Jews|local Jewish community]], forcing them to emigrate to Seleucia. When that city rebelled against Parthian rule in 35–36 AD, the Jews were expelled again, this time by the local [[Greeks]] and [[Aramaeans]]. The exiled Jews fled to Ctesiphon, Nehardea, and [[Nisibis]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=72–73}}</ref>

[[File:Augustus Denarius 19 BC 2230399.jpg|thumb|right|A [[denarius]] struck in 19 BC during the reign of [[Augustus]], with the goddess [[Feronia (mythology)|Feronia]] depicted on the obverse, and on the reverse a Parthian man kneeling in submission while offering the Roman [[Aquila (Roman)|military standards]] taken at the [[Battle of Carrhae]]<ref>See {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=137–138}} for more information on Roman coins depicting Parthians returning the lost military standards to Rome.</ref>]]

Although at peace with Parthia, Rome still interfered in its affairs. The Roman emperor [[Tiberius]] (r. 14–37 AD) became involved in a plot by [[Pharasmanes I of Iberia]] to place his brother [[Mithridates of Armenia|Mithridates]] on the throne of Armenia by assassinating the Parthian ally King Arsaces of Armenia.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=73}}</ref> Artabanus II tried and failed to restore Parthian control of Armenia, prompting an aristocratic revolt that forced him to flee to [[Scythia]]. The Romans released a hostage prince, [[Tiridates III of Parthia]], to rule the region as an ally of Rome. Shortly before his death, Artabanus managed to force Tiridates from the throne using troops from Hyrcania.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=73–74}}</ref> After Artabanus' death in 38 AD, a long civil war ensued between the rightful successor [[Vardanes I]] and his brother [[Gotarzes II of Parthia|Gotarzes II]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=75–76}}</ref> After Vardanes was assassinated during a hunting expedition, the Parthian nobility appealed to Roman emperor [[Claudius]] (''r''. 41–54 AD) in 49 AD to release the hostage prince [[Meherdates]] to challenge Gotarzes. This backfired when Meherdates was betrayed by the governor of [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]] and [[Izates bar Monobaz]] of [[Adiabene]]; he was captured and sent to Gotarzes, where he was allowed to live after having his ears mutilated, an act that disqualified him from inheriting the throne.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=76–78}}</ref>

In 97 AD, the Chinese general [[Ban Chao]], the [[Protectorate of the Western Regions|Protector-General of the Western Regions]], sent his emissary [[Gan Ying]] on a diplomatic mission to reach the Roman Empire. Gan visited the court of [[Pacorus II]] at Hecatompylos before departing towards Rome.<ref name="watson_1983_543-544">{{harvnb|Watson|1983|pp=543–544}}</ref> He traveled as far west as the [[Persian Gulf]], where Parthian authorities convinced him that an arduous sea voyage around the [[Arabian Peninsula]] was the only means to reach Rome.<ref>{{harvnb|Watson|1983|pp=543–544}}; {{harvnb|Yü|1986|pp=460–461}}; {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2007|pp=239–240}}; see also {{harvnb|Wang|2007|p=101}}</ref> Discouraged by this, Gan Ying returned to the Han court and provided [[Emperor He of Han]] (''r''. 88–105 AD) with a detailed report on the Roman Empire based on oral accounts of his Parthian hosts.<ref>{{harvnb|Wood|2002|pp=46–47}}; {{harvnb|Morton|Lewis|2005|p=59}}</ref> William Watson speculates that the Parthians would have been relieved at the failed efforts by the Han Empire to open diplomatic relations with Rome, especially after Ban Chao's [[Han–Xiongnu War|military victories]] against the [[Xiongnu]] in [[Tarim Basin|eastern Central Asia]].<ref name="watson_1983_543-544"/> However, Chinese records maintain that a [[Daqin|Roman embassy]], perhaps only a group of [[Roman commerce|Roman merchants]], [[Sino-Roman relations|arrived at the Han capital]] [[Luoyang]] by way of [[Jiaozhi]] (northern [[Vietnam]]) in 166 AD, during the reigns of [[Marcus Aurelius]] (''r''. 161–180 AD) and [[Emperor Huan of Han]] (''r''. 146–168 AD).<ref>{{harvnb|Yü|1986|pp=460–461}}; {{harvnb|de Crespigny|2007|p=600}}</ref> Although it could be coincidental, [[Antonine]] Roman golden [[medal]]lions dated to the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and his predecessor [[Antoninus Pius]] have been discovered at [[Oc Eo]], Vietnam (among other Roman artefacts in the [[Mekong Delta]]), a site that is one of the suggested locations for the port city of "[[Cattigara]]" along the ''[[Magnus Sinus]]'' (i.e. [[Gulf of Thailand]] and [[South China Sea]]) in [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Young|2001|p=29}}; {{harvnb|Mawer|2013|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Ball|2016|p=153}}</ref>

===Continuation of Roman hostilities and Parthian decline===
{{Main|Roman–Parthian War of 58–63|Trajan's Parthian campaign|Roman–Parthian War of 161–166|Parthian war of Caracalla}}

{{Further|Roman Armenia}}
[[File:Roman-Parthian War 58-60.svg|thumb|300px|Map of the troop movements during the first two years of the [[Roman–Parthian War of 58–63]] AD over the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]], detailing the Roman offensive into [[Armenia]] and capture of the country by [[Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo]]]]
[[File:King cornucopia Louvre Sb7302.jpg|thumb|Parthian king making an offering to the god [[Herakles]]-[[Verethragna]]. [[Masdjid-e Suleiman]], [[Iran]]. 2nd–3rd century AD. Louvre Museum Sb 7302.<ref>{{cite web|title=Louvre Museum Sb 7302|url=https://www.louvre.fr/oeuvre-notices/bas-relief}}</ref>]]

After the [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Iberian king]] Pharasmanes I had his son [[Rhadamistus]] (''r''. 51–55 AD) invade Armenia to depose the Roman client king Mithridates, [[Vologases I of Parthia]] (''r''. c. 51–77 AD) planned to invade and place his brother, the later [[Tiridates I of Armenia]], on the throne.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=79}}</ref> Rhadamistus was eventually driven from power, and, beginning with the reign of Tiridates, Parthia would retain firm control over Armenia—with brief interruptions—through the [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=79–81}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=81}}</ref> Even after the fall of the Parthian Empire, the Arsacid line lived on through the Armenian kings.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=82}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=79–81}}</ref> However, not only did the Arsacid line continue through the Armenians, it also continued through the [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] kings with the [[Arsacid dynasty of Iberia]], and for many centuries afterwards in [[Caucasian Albania]] through the [[Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania]].<ref name="Bausani 1971 41">{{harvnb|Bausani|1971|p=41}}</ref>

When [[Vardanes II of Parthia]] rebelled against his father Vologases I in 55 AD, Vologases withdrew his forces from Armenia. Rome quickly attempted to fill the political vacuum left behind.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=81}}</ref> In the [[Roman–Parthian War of 58–63]] AD, the commander [[Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo]] achieved some military successes against the Parthians while installing [[Tigranes VI of Armenia]] as a Roman client.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=81–85}}</ref> However, Corbulo's successor [[Lucius Caesennius Paetus]] was soundly defeated by Parthian forces and fled Armenia.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=83–85}}</ref> Following a peace treaty, Tiridates I traveled to [[Naples]] and Rome in 63 AD. At both sites the Roman emperor [[Nero]] (''r''. 54–68 AD) ceremoniously crowned him king of Armenia by placing the royal [[diadem]] on his head.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=99–100}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=85}}</ref>

A long period of peace between Parthia and Rome ensued, with only the invasion of [[Alans]] into Parthia's eastern territories around 72 AD mentioned by Roman historians.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=86}}</ref> Whereas Augustus and Nero had chosen a cautious military policy when confronting Parthia, later Roman emperors invaded and attempted to conquer the eastern [[Fertile Crescent]], the heart of the Parthian Empire along the [[Tigris River|Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]]. The heightened aggression can be explained in part by Rome's military reforms.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|pp=67, 87–88}}</ref> To match Parthia's strength in missile troops and mounted warriors, the Romans at first used foreign allies (especially [[Nabataeans]]), but later established a permanent ''[[auxilia]]'' force to complement their heavy legionary infantry.<ref name="kennedy_1996_87">{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=87}}</ref> The Romans eventually maintained regiments of horse archers (''[[sagittarii]]'') and even mail-armored [[cataphract]]s in their eastern provinces.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|pp=87–88}}; see also {{harvnb|Kurz|1983|pp=561–562}}</ref> Yet the Romans had no discernible [[grand strategy]] in dealing with Parthia and gained very little territory from these invasions.<ref>{{harvnb|Sheldon|2010|pp=231–232}}</ref> The primary motivations for war were the advancement of the personal glory and political position of the emperor, as well as defending Roman honor against perceived slights such as Parthian interference in the affairs of Rome's client states.<ref>{{harvnb|Sheldon|2010|pp=9–10, 231–235}}</ref>

[[File:Parthian King Vologases at Behistun.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Vologases's relief|Rock relief]] of Parthian king at [[Mount Behistun|Behistun]], most likely [[Vologases III]] (''r''. c. 110–147 AD){{sfn|Olbrycht|2016|p=96}}]]

Hostilities between Rome and Parthia were renewed when [[Osroes I of Parthia]] (''r''. c. 109–128 AD) deposed the Armenian king [[Sanatruk]] and replaced him with [[Axidares of Armenia|Axidares]], son of Pacorus II, without consulting Rome.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=86–87}}</ref> The Roman emperor [[Trajan]] (''r''. 98–117 AD) had the next Parthian nominee for the throne, [[Parthamasiris of Armenia|Parthamasiris]], killed in 114 AD, instead making Armenia a Roman province.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=88}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=13}}; {{harvnb|Lightfoot|1990|p=117}}</ref> His forces, led by [[Lusius Quietus]], also captured Nisibis; its occupation was essential to securing all the major routes across the northern Mesopotamian plain.<ref>{{harvnb|Lightfoot|1990|pp=117–118}}; see also {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=90–91}}</ref> The following year, Trajan invaded Mesopotamia and met little resistance from only [[Meharaspes]] of Adiabene, since Osroes was engaged in a civil war to the east with [[Vologases III of Parthia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=88–89}}</ref> Trajan spent the winter of 115–116 at Antioch, but resumed his campaign in the spring. Marching down the Euphrates, he captured Dura-Europos, the capital Ctesiphon<ref>{{cite book|author=Dr. Aaron Ralby|title=Atlas of Military History|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofworldmili0000ralb|chapter-url-access=registration|year=2013|publisher=Parragon|isbn=978-1-4723-0963-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofworldmili0000ralb/page/239 239]|chapter=Emperor Trajan, 98–117: Greatest Extent of Rome}}</ref> and Seleucia, and even subjugated Characene, where he watched ships depart to India from the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=88–90}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=81}}; {{harvnb|Lightfoot|1990|p=120}}; see also {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=44}}</ref>

In the last months of 116 AD, Trajan captured the Persian city of Susa. When [[Sanatruces II of Parthia]] gathered forces in eastern Parthia to challenge the Romans, his cousin [[Parthamaspates of Parthia]] betrayed and killed him: Trajan crowned him the new king of Parthia.<ref name="bivar_1983_90-91">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=90–91}}</ref> Never again would the Roman Empire advance so far to the east. On Trajan's return north, the Babylonian settlements revolted against the Roman garrisons.<ref>{{harvnb|Lightfoot|1990|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=90–91}}</ref> Trajan was forced to retreat from Mesopotamia in 117 AD, overseeing a failed siege of [[Hatra]] during his withdrawal.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=91}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=13}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=81}}</ref> His retreat was—in his intentions—temporary, because he wanted to renew the attack on Parthia in 118 AD and "make the subjection of the Parthians a reality,"<ref>{{harvnb|Mommsen|2004|p=69}}</ref> but Trajan died suddenly in August 117 AD. During his campaign, Trajan was granted the title ''Parthicus'' by the Senate and coins were minted proclaiming the conquest of Parthia.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=90–91}}; see also {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=137}} and {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=13}}</ref> However, only the 4th-century AD historians [[Eutropius (historian)|Eutropius]] and [[Festus (historian)|Festus]] allege that he attempted to establish a [[Mesopotamia (Roman province)|Roman province]] in lower Mesopotamia.<ref>{{harvnb|Lightfoot|1990|pp=120–124}}</ref>

[[File:ParthianInChains.jpg|thumb|A Parthian (right) wearing a [[Phrygian cap]], depicted as a prisoner of war in chains held by a Roman (left); [[Arch of Septimius Severus]], Rome, 203 AD]]

Trajan's successor [[Hadrian]] (''r''. 117–138 AD) reaffirmed the [[Roman-Parthian Wars|Roman-Parthian]] border at the Euphrates, choosing not to invade Mesopotamia due to Rome's now limited military resources.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=100}}; see also {{harvnb|Lightfoot|1990|p=115}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=81}}; and {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=91}}</ref> Parthamaspates fled after the Parthians revolted against him, yet the Romans made him king of [[Osroene]]. Osroes I died during his conflict with Vologases III, the latter succeeded by [[Vologases IV of Parthia]] (''r''. c. 147–191 AD) who ushered in a period of peace and stability.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=92–93}}</ref> However, the [[Roman–Parthian War of 161–166]] AD began when Vologases invaded Armenia and Syria, retaking Edessa. Roman emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]] (''r''. 161–180 AD) had co-ruler [[Lucius Verus]] (''r''. 161–169 AD) guard Syria while [[Marcus Statius Priscus]] invaded Armenia in 163 AD, followed by the invasion of Mesopotamia by [[Avidius Cassius]] in 164 AD.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=93}}</ref> The Romans captured and burnt Seleucia and Ctesiphon to the ground, yet they were forced to retreat once the Roman soldiers contracted a [[Antonine Plague|deadly disease]] (possibly [[smallpox]]) that soon ravaged the Roman world.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=100}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=93–94}}</ref> Although they withdrew, from this point forward the city of Dura-Europos remained in Roman hands.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=13}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=93–94}}</ref> When Roman emperor [[Septimius Severus]] (''r''. 193–211 AD) invaded Mesopotamia in 197 AD during the reign of [[Vologases V of Parthia]] (''r''. c. 191–208 AD), the Romans once again marched down the Euphrates and captured Seleucia and Ctesiphon. After assuming the title ''Parthicus Maximus'', he retreated in late 198 AD, failing as Trajan once did to capture Hatra during a siege.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=100}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=13}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=94}}; {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=44}}</ref>

Around 212 AD, soon after [[Vologases VI of Parthia]] (''r''. c. 208–222 AD) took the throne, his brother [[Artabanus IV of Parthia]] (d. 224 AD) rebelled against him and gained control over a greater part of the empire.<ref name="bivar_1983_94-95">{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=94–95}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Roman emperor [[Caracalla]] (''r''. 211–217 AD) deposed the kings of Osroene and Armenia to make them Roman provinces once more. He marched into Mesopotamia under the pretext of marrying one of Artabanus' daughters, but the marriage was not allowed. Consequently, Caracalla made war on Parthia, conquering [[Arbil]]<ref name="bivar_1983_94-95"/> and sacking the Parthian tombs there.{{sfn|Chegini|Nikitin|1996|p=35}} Caracalla was assassinated the next year on the road to Carrhae by his soldiers.<ref name="bivar_1983_94-95"/> At the [[Battle of Nisibis (217)|Battle of Nisibis]], the Parthians were able to defeat the Romans, but both sides suffered heavy losses.<ref>Herodian, IV.15.5</ref> After this debacle, the Parthians made a settlement with [[Macrinus]] (''r''. 217–218) where the Romans paid Parthia over two-hundred million ''[[Denarius|denarii]]'' with additional gifts.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=100–101}}; see also {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=44}}, who mentions this in passing</ref>

The Parthian Empire, weakened by internal strife and wars with Rome, was soon to be followed by the [[Sasanian Empire]]. Indeed, shortly afterward, [[Ardashir I]], the local Iranian ruler of Persis (modern [[Fars province]], Iran) from [[Istakhr]] began subjugating the surrounding territories in defiance of Arsacid rule.<ref name="brosius_2006_101 bivar_1983_95-96 curtis_2007_14 katouzian_2009_44">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=101}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=95–96}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=14}}; see also {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=44}}</ref> He confronted Artabanus IV at the [[Battle of Hormozdgān]] on 28 April 224 AD, perhaps at a site near [[Isfahan]], defeating him and establishing the Sasanian Empire.<ref name="brosius_2006_101 bivar_1983_95-96 curtis_2007_14 katouzian_2009_44"/> There is evidence, however, that suggests Vologases VI continued to mint coins at Seleucia as late as 228 AD.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=95–96}}</ref>

The Sassanians would not only assume Parthia's legacy as Rome's Persian nemesis, but they would also attempt to restore the boundaries of the Achaemenid Empire by [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628|briefly conquering]] the Levant, Anatolia, and Egypt from the [[Eastern Roman Empire]] during the reign of [[Khosrau II]] (''r''. 590–628 AD).<ref>{{harvnb|Frye|1983|pp=173–174}}</ref> However, they would lose these territories to [[Heraclius]]—the last Roman emperor before the [[Early Muslim conquests|Arab conquests]]. Nevertheless, for a period of more than 400 years, they succeeded the Parthian realm as Rome's principal rival.<ref>Norman A. Stillman ''The Jews of Arab Lands'' pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 {{ISBN|0-8276-1155-2}}</ref><ref>International Congress of Byzantine Studies ''Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1–3'' pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 {{ISBN|0-7546-5740-X}}</ref>

===Native and external sources===
{{multiple image| align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = left/right/center | footer = Parthian gold jewelry items found at a burial site in [[Nineveh]] (near modern [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]]) in the [[British Museum]]| footer_align = left | image1 = Parthian gold funerary objects by Nickmard Khoey.jpg | width1 = 126 | caption1 = | image2 = Parthian jewelry from Nineveh by Nickmard Khoey.jpg | width2 = 174 | caption2 = }}

Local and foreign written accounts, as well as non-textual artifacts, have been used to reconstruct Parthian history.<ref name="widengren_1983_1261-1262">{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|pp=1261–1262}}</ref> Although the Parthian court maintained records, the Parthians had no formal study of [[history]]; the earliest [[Universal history (genre)|universal history]] of Iran, the ''[[Khwaday-Namag]]'', was not compiled until the reign of the last Sasanian ruler [[Yazdegerd III]] (r. 632–651 AD).<ref>{{harvnb|Yarshater|1983|p=359}}</ref> Indigenous [[Primary source|sources]] on Parthian history remain scarce, with fewer of them available than for any other period of Iranian history.<ref name="widengren_1983_1261">{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1261}}</ref> Most contemporary written records on Parthia contain Greek as well as Parthian and Aramaic inscriptions.<ref name="garthwaite_2005_75-76">{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=75–76}}</ref> The Parthian language was written in a distinct script derived from the [[Aramaic alphabet#Achaemenid Empire (The First Persian Empire)|Imperial Aramaic chancellery script]] of the Achaemenids, and later developed into the [[Pahlavi scripts|Pahlavi writing system]].<ref>{{harvnb|Boyce|1983|pp=1151–1152}}</ref>

[[File:Samartian-Persian necklace and amulet.png|thumb|A Sarmatian-Parthian gold necklace and amulet, 2nd century AD. Located in Tamoikin Art Fund]]

The most valuable indigenous sources for reconstructing an accurate chronology of Arsacid rulers are the metal [[Ancient drachma|drachma]] coins issued by each ruler.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=67}}; {{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1262}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=79–80}}</ref> These represent a "transition from non-textual to textual remains," according to historian [[Geo Widengren]].<ref name="widengren_1983_1262">{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1262}}</ref> Other Parthian sources used for reconstructing chronology include [[cuneiform]] astronomical tablets and colophons discovered in Babylonia.<ref name="widengren_1983_1265">{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1265}}</ref> Indigenous textual sources also include stone [[inscription]]s, [[parchment]] and [[papyri]] documents, and pottery [[ostraca]].<ref name="widengren_1983_1262"/> For example, at the early Parthian capital of Mithradatkert/Nisa in Turkmenistan, large caches of pottery ostraca have been found yielding information on the sale and storage of items like wine.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=75–76}}; {{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1263}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=118–119}}</ref> Along with parchment documents found at sites like Dura-Europos, these also provide valuable information on Parthian governmental administration, covering issues such as taxation, military titles, and provincial organization.<ref>{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1263}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=118–119}}</ref>

[[File:Golden Necklace - Parthian Empire 2nd AD.JPG|thumb|left|Parthian golden necklace, 2nd century AD, Iran, [[Reza Abbasi Museum]]]]
[[File:Iran-bastan-32.jpg|thumb|left|A Parthian ceramic [[oil lamp]], [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan Province]], Iran, [[National Museum of Iran]]]]

The [[Greek historiography|Greek]] and [[Roman historiography|Latin histories]], which represent the majority of materials covering Parthian history, are not considered entirely reliable since they were written from the perspective of rivals and wartime enemies.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=67, 75}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=22}}</ref> These external sources generally concern major military and political events, and often ignore social and cultural aspects of Parthian history.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=75}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=80–81}}</ref> The Romans usually depicted the Parthians as fierce warriors but also as a culturally refined people; recipes for Parthian dishes in the cookbook ''[[Apicius]]'' exemplifies their admiration for Parthian cuisine.<ref>{{harvnb|Kurz|1983|p=564}}; see also {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=138}} for further analysis: "Curiously, at the same time as the Parthian was depicted as uncivilised, he was also 'orientalised' in traditional fashion, being described as luxury-loving, leading an effeminate lifestyle, and demonstrating excessive sexuality."</ref> [[Apollodorus of Artemita]] and [[Arrian]] wrote histories focusing on Parthia, which are now lost and survive only as quoted extracts in other histories.<ref>{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|pp=1261, 1264}}</ref> [[Isidore of Charax]], who lived during the reign of Augustus, provides an account of Parthian territories, perhaps from a Parthian government survey.<ref name="widengren_1983_1264">{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1264}}</ref> To a lesser extent, people and events of Parthian history were also included in the histories of [[Justin (historian)|Justin]], [[Strabo]], [[Diodorus Siculus]], [[Plutarch]], [[Cassius Dio]], [[Appian]], [[Josephus]], [[Pliny the Elder]], and [[Herodian]].<ref>{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|pp=1265–1266}}</ref>

Parthian history can also be reconstructed via the [[Twenty-Four Histories|Chinese historical records]] of events.<ref name="widengren_1983_1265, 1267">{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|pp=1265, 1267}}</ref> In contrast to Greek and Roman histories, the early Chinese histories maintained a more neutral view when describing Parthia,<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=80}}; {{harvnb|Posch|1998|p=363}}</ref> although the habit of Chinese chroniclers to copy material for their accounts from older works (of undetermined origin) makes it difficult to establish a chronological order of events.<ref>{{harvnb|Posch|1998|p=358}}</ref> The Chinese called Parthia ''{{ill|Ānxī|zh|安息|vertical-align=sup}}'' (Chinese: [[wikt:安|安]] [[wikt:息|息]], [[Old Chinese phonology|Old Chinese pronunciation]]: '''ansjək''), perhaps after the Greek name for the Parthian city [[Merv|Antiochia in Margiana]] (Greek: Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐν τῇ Μαργιανῇ).<ref>{{harvnb|Watson|1983|pp=541–542}}</ref> However, this could also have been a transliteration of "Arsaces", after the dynasty's eponymous founder.<ref>{{harvnb|Wang|2007|p=90}}</ref> The works and historical authors include the ''[[Records of the Grand Historian|Shiji]]'' (also known as the ''Records of the Grand Historian'') by [[Sima Qian]], the ''[[Book of Han|Han shu]]'' (Book of Han) by [[Ban Biao]], [[Ban Gu]], and [[Ban Zhao]], and the ''[[Book of Later Han|Hou Han shu]]'' (Book of Later Han) by [[Fan Ye (historian)|Fan Ye]].<ref>{{harvnb|Wang|2007|p=88}}</ref> They provide information on the nomadic migrations leading up to the early [[Saka]] invasion of Parthia and valuable political and geographical information.<ref name="widengren_1983_1265, 1267"/> For example, the ''Shiji'' (ch. 123) describes diplomatic exchanges, exotic gifts given by Mithridates II to the [[Han dynasty|Han court]], types of agricultural crops grown in Parthia, production of wine using grapes, itinerant merchants, and the size and location of Parthian territory.<ref>{{harvnb|Wang|2007|pp=89–90}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=90–91, 122}}</ref> The ''Shiji'' also mentions that the Parthians kept records by "writing horizontally on strips of leather," that is, parchment.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=118}}; see also {{harvnb|Wang|2007|p=90}} for a similar translation</ref>

In Islamic sources, the Parthian dynasty is mentioned with three dynastic branch names: Aškāniān (اشکانیان), Ašġāniān (اشغانیان), and Afquršāhān (افقورشاهان). The obvious differences between the names of Parthian dynastic branches in Islamic sources has been forgotten by modern Persian-speaking historians. Intentionally or unintentionally, because the translators and correctors of Arabic to Persian sources changed the letter "ġ" (غ) to "k" (ک) in all historical texts and also changed the word of "Persia" to "Iran", the true intention of the Islamic historical sources have been forgotten. As the consequence, these different dynastic branches have become a single dynasty in the form of the name Aškāniān (اشکانیان) in the new editions of Islamic sources.<ref>Kalani, Reza. 2022. ''Indo-Parthians and the Rise of Sasanians'', Tahouri Publishers, Tehran, pp. 95-111.</ref> It is known, however, that the Arsacid royal family line survived within three ruling dynasties belonging to [[History of Armenia|Armenia]], [[Caucasian Iberia]], and [[Aghbania]] in the Caucasus.<ref name="Bausani 1971 41"/>

==Government and administration==
===Central authority and semi-autonomous kings===
{{Main|List of Parthian kings}}

[[File:Coin of the Elymais king Kamnaskires III with his queen Anzaze.jpg|thumb|Coin of [[Kamnaskires III]], king of [[Elymais]] (modern [[Khūzestān Province]]), and his wife Queen [[Anzaze]], 1st century BC]]
Compared with the earlier Achaemenid Empire, the Parthian government was notably [[Decentralization|decentralized]].<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=67–68}}</ref> An indigenous historical source reveals that territories overseen by the central government were organized in a similar manner to the Seleucid Empire. They both had a threefold division for their provincial hierarchies: the Parthian [[marzbān]], xšatrap, and dizpat, similar to the Seleucid [[satrapy]], [[eparchy]], and hyparchy.<ref name="widengren_1983_1263">{{harvnb|Widengren|1983|p=1263}}</ref> The Parthian Empire also contained several subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms, including the states of [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Caucasian Iberia]], [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]], [[Atropatene]], [[Gordyene]], [[Adiabene]], [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]], [[Kingdom of Hatra|Hatra]], [[Mesene]], [[Elymais]], and [[Kings of Persis|Persis]].<ref name="lukonin_1983_701">{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|p=701}}</ref> The state rulers governed their own territories and minted their own coinage distinct from the royal coinage produced at the imperial mints.<ref>{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|p=701}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=19–21}}</ref> This was not unlike the earlier Achaemenid Empire, which also had some city-states, and even distant satrapies who were semi-independent but "recognised the supremacy of the king, paid tribute and provided military support", according to Brosius.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=113–114}}</ref> However, the satraps of Parthian times governed smaller territories, and perhaps had less prestige and influence than their Achaemenid predecessors.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=115–116}}</ref> During the Seleucid period, the trend of local ruling dynasties with semi-autonomous rule, and sometimes outright rebellious rule, became commonplace, a fact reflected in the later Parthian style of governance.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=114–115}}</ref>

===Nobility===
{{Further|Seven Great Houses of Iran|List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms}}
[[File:YoungManWithParthianCostume.jpg|thumb|upright|A statue of a young Palmyran in fine Parthian trousers, from a funerary [[stele]] at [[Palmyra]], early 3rd century AD]]

The King of Kings headed the Parthian government. He maintained [[polygamous]] relations, and was usually succeeded by his first-born son.<ref name="brosius_2006_103-104">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=103–104}}</ref> Like the Ptolemies of Egypt, there is also record of Arsacid kings marrying their nieces and perhaps even half-sisters; [[Musa of Parthia|Queen Musa]] is said by [[Josephus]] to have married her own son, though this would be an extreme and isolated case.<ref name="brosius_2006_103-104"/> Brosius provides an extract from a letter written in Greek by King Artabanus II in 21 AD, which addresses the governor (titled "[[archon]]") and citizens of the city of [[Susa]]. Specific government offices of Preferred Friend, Bodyguard and Treasurer are mentioned and the document also proves that "while there were local jurisdictions and proceedings to appointment to high office, the king could intervene on behalf of an individual, review a case and amend the local ruling if he considered it appropriate."<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=119}}</ref>

The hereditary titles of the hierarchic nobility recorded during the reign of the first Sasanian monarch Ardashir I most likely reflect the titles already in use during the Parthian era.<ref>{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|pp=699–700}}</ref> There were three distinct tiers of nobility, the highest being the regional kings directly below the King of Kings, the second being those related to the King of Kings only through marriage, and the lowest order being heads of local clans and small territories.<ref>{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|pp=700–704}}</ref>

By the 1st century AD, the Parthian nobility had assumed great power and influence in the succession and deposition of Arsacid kings.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=99–100, 104}}</ref> Some of the nobility functioned as court advisers to the king, as well as holy priests.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=104–105, 117–118}}</ref> [[Strabo]], in his ''[[Geographica]]'', preserved a claim by the Greek philosopher and historian [[Poseidonius]] that the Council of Parthia consisted of noble kinsmen and [[magi]], two groups from which "the kings were appointed."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0198:book=11:chapter=9:section=3|title=Strabo, Geography, Book 11, chapter 9, section 3|website=perseus.tufts.edu|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221063316/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D11%3Achapter%3D9%3Asection%3D3|archive-date=2016-12-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Of the great noble Parthian families listed at the beginning of the Sassanian period, only two are explicitly mentioned in earlier Parthian documents: the [[House of Suren]] and the [[House of Karen]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|pp=704–705}}</ref> The historian [[Plutarch]] noted that members of the Suren family, the first among the nobility, were given the privilege of crowning each new Arsacid King of Kings during their coronations.<ref>{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|p=704}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=104}}</ref>

===Military===
{{Further|Parthian army}}

The Parthian Empire had no [[standing army]], yet were able to quickly recruit troops in the event of local crises.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=116, 122}}; {{harvnb|Sheldon|2010|pp=231–232}}</ref> There was a permanent armed guard attached to the person of the king, comprising nobles, [[serf]]s and [[mercenaries]], but this royal retinue was small.<ref name="kennedy_1996_84">{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=84}}</ref> Garrisons were also permanently maintained at border forts; Parthian inscriptions reveal some of the military titles granted to the commanders of these locations.<ref name="kennedy_1996_84"/> Military forces could also be used in diplomatic gestures. For example, when Chinese envoys visited Parthia in the late 2nd century BC, the ''[[Shiji]]'' maintains that 20,000 horsemen were sent to the eastern borders to serve as escorts for the embassy, although this figure is perhaps an exaggeration.<ref>{{harvnb|Wang|2007|pp=99–100}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| image1 = ParthianHorseman.jpg
| caption1 = Parthian [[horse archer]], now on display at the [[Palazzo Madama, Turin]]
| image2 = ParthianCataphract.JPG
| caption2 = Parthian [[cataphract]] fighting a lion
| image3 = Zahhak castle stucco 2.JPG
| caption3 = Relief of an infantryman, from [[Zahhak Castle]], Iran
| total_width = 500
| footer = The combination of horse archers and cataphracts formed an effective backbone for the Parthian military
}}

The main striking force of the Parthian army was its [[cataphract]]s, heavy cavalry with man and horse decked in [[Mail (armour)|mailed armor]].<ref name="brosius_2006_120 garthwaite_2005_78">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=78}}</ref> The cataphracts were equipped with a [[Kontos (weapon)|''kontos'' lance]] for charging into enemy lines,<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=84}}; {{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=31–33}}</ref> but were not equipped with bows and arrows which were restricted to horse archers.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=84}}</ref> These units proved particularly decisive in open field battles and later influenced heavy cavalry traditions in Roman and Sasanian armies.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=31–33}}</ref> Due to the cost of their equipment and armor, cataphracts were recruited from among the aristocratic class who, in return for their services, demanded a measure of autonomy at the local level from the Arsacid kings.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=116–118}}; see also {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=78}} and {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=84}}</ref> The light cavalry was recruited from among the commoner class and acted as [[horse archer]]s; they wore a simple tunic and trousers into battle.<ref name="brosius_2006_120 garthwaite_2005_78"/> They used [[composite bow]]s and were able to shoot at enemies while riding and facing away from them; this technique, known as the [[Parthian shot]], was a highly effective tactic.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=120}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=78}}; {{harvnb|Kurz|1983|p=561}}</ref> It appears that most of the Parthian army was cavalry, for tactical and strategic reasons. The light cavalry is thought to have carried a sword into battle as well, while cataphracts likely were also armed with short swords or knives.{{sfn|Shahbazi|1986|pp=489–499}} The Parthians also made use of the [[camel]] in armed combat.{{sfn|Shahbazi|1986|pp=489–499}} The heavy and light cavalry of Parthia proved to be a decisive factor in the [[Battle of Carrhae]] where a Parthian force defeated a much larger Roman army under Crassus. Light infantry units, composed of [[Conscription|levied commoners]] and mercenaries, were used to disperse enemy troops after cavalry charges.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=122}}</ref>

The Parthians do not appear to have ever used [[Chariot|war chariots]] in battle. However, royal Parthian women accompanied the king on military campaigns and were known to have ridden on chariots and wagons.{{sfn|Shahbazi|1986|pp=489–499}} Similarly, the Parthians appeared to have used [[war elephant]]s infrequently. There is one mention, by [[Tacitus]] and [[Cassius Dio]], of the use of one war elephant by [[Vologases I]] during the [[Roman–Parthian War of 58–63]].<ref name=Daryaee>{{cite book|last1=Daryaee|first1=Touraj|chapter=From Terror to Tactical Usage: Elephants in the Partho-Sasanian Period," The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion|editor-first=V. Sarkhosh|editor-last1=Curtis|editor-first2=Michael|editor-last2=Alram|editor-first3=Touraj|editor-last3=Daryaee|publisher=Oxford University Press|title=The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires|year=2016|page=36|doi=10.2307/j.ctvh1dkb6.7|url=https://www.academia.edu/27081447|language=en}}</ref>

The size of the Parthian army is unknown, as is the size of the empire's overall population. However, archaeological excavations in former Parthian urban centers reveal settlements which could have sustained large populations and hence a great resource in manpower.<ref name="kennedy_1996_83">{{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=83}}</ref> Dense population centers in regions like Babylonia were no doubt attractive to the Romans, whose armies could afford to live off the land.<ref name="kennedy_1996_83"/> The largest army raised by the Parthians appears to have been 50,000.{{sfn|Shahbazi|1986|pp=489–499}}

===Currency===
{{Further|Parthian coinage}}

Usually made of silver,<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=9, 11–12, 16}}</ref> the [[Ancient drachma|Greek drachma]] coin, including the [[tetradrachm]], was the standard currency used throughout the Parthian Empire.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=7–25}}; {{harvnb|Sellwood|1983|pp=279–298}}</ref> The Arsacids maintained [[Mint (coin)|royal mints]] at the cities of Hecatompylos, Seleucia, and Ecbatana.<ref name="brosius_2006_103">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=103}}</ref> They most likely operated a mint at Mithridatkert/Nisa as well.<ref name="curtis_2007_8"/> From the empire's inception until its collapse, drachmas produced throughout the Parthian period rarely weighed less than 3.5 g or more than 4.2 g.<ref>{{harvnb|Sellwood|1983|p=280}}</ref> The first Parthian tetradrachms, weighing in principle around 16 g with some variation, appear after Mithridates I conquered Mesopotamia and were minted exclusively at Seleucia.<ref>{{harvnb|Sellwood|1983|p=282}}</ref>

==Society and culture==
===Hellenism and the Iranian revival===
[[File:Drachma Mithradates II.jpg|thumb|Coin of [[Mithridates II of Parthia]]. The clothing is Parthian, while the style is Hellenistic (sitting on an [[omphalos]]). The Greek inscription reads "King Arsaces, the [[philhellene]]"]]

Although [[Culture of Greece|Greek culture]] of the Seleucids was widely adopted by peoples of the [[Near East]] during the [[Hellenistic period]], the Parthian era witnessed an [[Culture of Iran|Iranian cultural revival]] in religion, the arts, and even clothing fashions.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=14–15}}; see also {{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=45}}</ref> Conscious of both the Hellenistic and Persian cultural roots of their kingship, the Arsacid rulers styled themselves after the Persian King of Kings and affirmed that they were also ''[[Philhellenism|philhellenes]]'' ("friends of the Greeks").<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=85}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|pp=14–15}}</ref> The word "philhellene" was inscribed on Parthian coins until the reign of Artabanus II.<ref name="curtis_2007_11">{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=11}}</ref> The discontinuation of this phrase signified the revival of Iranian culture in Parthia.<ref name="curtis_2007_16">{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=16}}</ref> Vologases I was the first Arsacid ruler to have the [[Pahlavi script|Parthian script]] and [[Parthian language|language]] appear on his minted coins alongside the now almost illegible Greek.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=80–81}}; see also {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=21}} and {{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|p=1030}}</ref> However, the use of Greek-alphabet legends on Parthian coins remained until the collapse of the empire.<ref>{{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|p=1030}}</ref>

[[File:ParthianWaterSpoutWithFaceOfIranianMan1-2ndCenturyCE.jpg|thumb|A ceramic Parthian water spout in the shape of a man's head, dated 1st or 2nd century AD]]

Greek cultural influence did not disappear from the Parthian Empire, however, and there is evidence that the Arsacids enjoyed [[Theatre of ancient Greece|Greek theatre]]. When the head of Crassus was brought to Orodes II, he, alongside Armenian king Artavasdes II, were busy watching a performance of ''[[The Bacchae]]'' by the playwright [[Euripides]] (c. 480–406 BC). The producer of the play decided to use Crassus' actual severed head in place of the [[Theatrical property|stage-prop]] head of [[Pentheus]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=56}}</ref>

On his coins, Arsaces I is depicted in apparel similar to Achaemenid satraps. According to A. Shahbazi, Arsaces "deliberately diverges from Seleucid coins to emphasize his nationalistic and royal aspirations, and he calls himself Kārny/Karny (Greek: [[Autocrator]]), a title already borne by Achaemenid supreme generals, such as Cyrus the Younger."<ref name=shahbazi525/> In line with Achaemenid traditions, rock-relief images of Arsacid rulers were carved at [[Mount Behistun]], where [[Darius I of Persia]] (r. 522–486 BC) made [[Behistun Inscription|royal inscriptions]].<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=85}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=128–129}}</ref> Moreover, the Arsacids claimed familial descent from [[Artaxerxes II of Persia]] (''r''. 404–358 BC) as a means to bolster their legitimacy in ruling over former Achaemenid territories, i.e. as being "legitimate successors of glorious kings" of ancient Iran.<ref>{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|p=697}}</ref> [[Artabanus II]] named one of his sons Darius and laid claim to [[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus]]' heritage.<ref name=shahbazi525>{{harvnb|Shahbazi|1987|p=525}}</ref> The Arsacid kings chose typical Zoroastrian names for themselves and some from the "[[Kayanian dynasty|heroic background]]" of the [[Avesta]], according to V.G. Lukonin.<ref>{{harvnb|Lukonin|1983|p=687}}; {{harvnb|Shahbazi|1987|p=525}}</ref> The Parthians also adopted the use of the [[Babylonian calendar]] with names from the Achaemenid [[Iranian calendar]], replacing the [[Ancient Macedonian calendar|Macedonian calendar]] of the Seleucids.<ref>{{harvnb|Duchesne-Guillemin|1983|pp=867–868}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in the Parthian era}}

[[File:ParthianVotiveReliefIranKhuzestan2ndCenturyCE.jpg|thumb|Parthian votive relief from Khuzestan Province, Iran, 2nd century AD]]

The Parthian Empire, being culturally and politically heterogeneous, had a variety of religious systems and beliefs, the most widespread being those dedicated to [[Greek mythology|Greek]] and [[Persian mythology|Iranian]] cults.<ref name="katouzian_2009_45">{{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=45}}</ref> Aside from a minority of [[Judaism|Jews]]<ref>{{harvnb|Neusner|1983|pp=909–923}}</ref> and early [[Christianity|Christians]],<ref>{{harvnb|Asmussen|1983|pp=924–928}}</ref> most Parthians were [[polytheistic]].<ref name="brosius_2006_125">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=125}}</ref> Greek and Iranian deities were often blended together as one. For example, [[Zeus]] was often equated with [[Ahura Mazda]], [[Hades]] with [[Angra Mainyu]], [[Aphrodite]] and [[Hera]] with [[Anahita]], [[Apollo]] with [[Mithra]], and [[Hermes]] with [[Shamash]].<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=68, 83–84}}; {{harvnb|Colpe|1983|p=823}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=125}}</ref> Aside from the main gods and goddesses, each ethnic group and city had their own designated deities.<ref name="brosius_2006_125"/> As with Seleucid rulers,<ref>{{harvnb|Duchesne-Guillemin|1983|pp=872–873}}</ref> Parthian art indicates that the Arsacid kings viewed themselves as gods; this [[Imperial cult|cult of the ruler]] was perhaps the most widespread.<ref>{{harvnb|Colpe|1983|p=844}}</ref>

The extent of Arsacid patronage of [[Zoroastrianism]] is debated in modern scholarship.<ref>{{harvnb|Katouzian|2009|p=45}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=102–103}}</ref> The followers of [[Zoroaster]] would have found the bloody sacrifices of some Parthian-era Iranian cults to be unacceptable.<ref name="katouzian_2009_45"/> However, there is evidence that [[Vologases I of Parthia|Vologases I]] encouraged the presence of Zoroastrian [[magi]] priests at court and sponsored the compilation of sacred Zoroastrian texts which later formed the [[Avesta]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=85–86}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|pp=80–81}}; {{harvnb|Duchesne-Guillemin|1983|p=867}}</ref> The Sasanian court would later adopt Zoroastrianism as the official state religion of the empire.<ref>{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=67}}; {{harvnb|Asmussen|1983|pp=928, 933–934}}</ref>

Although [[Mani (prophet)|Mani]] (216–276 AD), the founding prophet of [[Manichaeism]], did not proclaim his first religious revelation until 228/229 AD, Bivar asserts that his new faith contained "elements of [[Mandaeism|Mandaean]] belief, Iranian cosmogony, and even echoes of Christianity ... [it] may be regarded as a typical reflection of the mixed religious doctrines of the late Arsacid period, which the Zoroastrian orthodoxy of the Sasanians was soon to sweep away."<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|p=97}}</ref>

There is scant archaeological evidence for the spread of [[Buddhism]] from the [[Kushan Empire]] into Iran proper.<ref>{{harvnb|Emmerick|1983|p=957}}</ref> However, it is known from Chinese sources that [[An Shigao]] (fl. 2nd century AD), a Parthian nobleman and Buddhist monk, traveled to [[Luoyang]] in Han China as a [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|Buddhist missionary]] and translated several [[Buddhist texts|Buddhist canons]] into [[Chinese language|Chinese]].<ref>{{harvnb|Demiéville|1986|p=823}}; {{harvnb|Zhang|2002|p=75}}</ref>

===Art and architecture===
{{Further|Parthian art}}
[[File:Hatra (17).jpg|thumb|A [[barrel vault]]ed ''[[iwan]]'' at the entrance at the ancient site of [[Hatra]], modern-day [[Iraq]], built c. 50 AD]]
[[File:Uruk Temple of Charyos (2).jpg|thumb|The Parthian Temple of Charyios in [[Uruk]].]]

Parthian art can be divided into three geo-historical phases: the art of Parthia proper; the art of the [[Iranian plateau]]; and the art of Parthian Mesopotamia.<ref name="brosius_2006_127">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=127}}</ref> The first genuine Parthian art, found at Mithridatkert/Nisa, combined elements of Greek and Iranian art in line with Achaemenid and Seleucid traditions.<ref name="brosius_2006_127"/> In the second phase, Parthian art found inspiration in [[Achaemenid art#Art and architecture|Achaemenid art]], as exemplified by the investiture relief of Mithridates II at Mount Behistun.<ref name="brosius_2006_128"/> The third phase occurred gradually after the Parthian conquest of Mesopotamia.<ref name="brosius_2006_128"/>

Common [[Motif (visual arts)|motifs]] of the Parthian period include scenes of royal hunting expeditions and the [[investiture]] of Arsacid kings.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=127}}; see also {{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|pp=1041–1043}}</ref> Use of these motifs extended to include portrayals of local rulers.<ref name="brosius_2006_127"/> Common art mediums were rock-reliefs, [[fresco]]s, and even [[graffiti]].<ref name="brosius_2006_127"/> Geometric and stylized plant patterns were also used on [[stucco]] and [[plaster]] walls.<ref name="brosius_2006_128"/> The common motif of the Sasanian period showing two horsemen engaged in combat with lances first appeared in the Parthian reliefs at Mount Behistun.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=129, 132}}</ref>

In [[portrait]]ure the Parthians favored and emphasized frontality, meaning the person depicted by painting, sculpture, or raised-relief on coins faced the viewer directly instead of showing his or her profile.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=127}}; {{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=84}}; {{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|pp=1049–1050}}</ref> Although frontality in portraiture was already an old artistic technique by the Parthian period, [[Daniel Schlumberger]] explains the innovation of Parthian frontality:<ref name="schlumberger_1983_1051"/>

<blockquote>'Parthian frontality', as we are now accustomed to call it, deeply differs both from ancient Near Eastern and from Greek frontality, though it is, no doubt, an offspring of the latter. For both in Oriental art and in Greek art, frontality was an exceptional treatment: in Oriental art it was a treatment strictly reserved for a small number of traditional characters of cult and myth; in Greek art it was an option resorted to only for definite reasons, when demanded by the subject, and, on the whole, seldom made use of. With Parthian art, on the contrary, frontality becomes the normal treatment of the figure. For the Parthians frontality is really nothing but the habit of showing, in relief and in painting, all figures full-face, even at the expense (as it seems to us moderns) of clearness and intelligibility. So systematic is this use that it amounts to a complete banishment ''de facto'' of the side-view and of all intermediate attitudes. This singular state of things seems to have become established in the course of the 1st century A.D.<ref name="schlumberger_1983_1051">{{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|p=1051}}</ref></blockquote>

[[File:Mordecai and Esther.jpg|thumb|left|330px|A wall mural depicting a scene from the [[Book of Esther]] at the [[Dura-Europos synagogue]], dated 245 AD, which Curtis<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=18}}</ref> and Schlumberger<ref>{{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|pp=1052–1053}}</ref> describe as a fine example of 'Parthian frontality']]

Parthian art, with its distinct use of frontality in portraiture, was lost and abandoned with the profound cultural and political changes brought by the Sasanian Empire.<ref>{{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|p=1053}}</ref> However, even after the Roman occupation of Dura-Europos in 165 AD, the use of Parthian frontality in portraiture continued to flourish there. This is exemplified by the early 3rd-century AD wall murals of the [[Dura-Europos synagogue]], a temple in the same city dedicated to Palmyrene gods, and the local [[Mithraeum]].<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|pp=1052–1053}}</ref>

Parthian architecture adopted elements of [[Iranian architecture|Achaemenid]] and [[Architecture of ancient Greece|Greek architecture]], but remained distinct from the two. The style is first attested at Mithridatkert/Nisa.<ref name="brosius_2006_111-112">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=111–112}}</ref> The Round Hall of Nisa is similar to Hellenistic palaces, but different in that it forms a circle and [[Vault (architecture)|vault]] inside a square space.<ref name="brosius_2006_111-112"/> However, the artwork of Nisa, including marble statues and the carved scenes on ivory [[rhyton]] vessels, is unquestionably influenced by Greek art.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=111–112, 127–128}}; {{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|pp=1037–1041}}</ref>

A signature feature of Parthian architecture was the ''[[iwan]]'', an audience hall supported by arches or [[barrel vault]]s and open on one side.<ref name="garthwaite_2005_84 brosius_2006_128 schlumberger_1983_1049">{{harvnb|Garthwaite|2005|p=84}}; {{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=128}}; {{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|p=1049}}</ref> Use of the barrel vault replaced the Hellenic use of columns to support roofs.<ref name="brosius_2006_128">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=128}}</ref> Although the ''iwan'' was known during the Achaemenid period and earlier in smaller and subterranean structures, it was the Parthians who first built them on a monumental scale.<ref name="garthwaite_2005_84 brosius_2006_128 schlumberger_1983_1049"/> The earliest Parthian ''iwans'' are found at Seleucia, built in the early 1st century AD.<ref name="brosius_2006_128"/> Monumental ''iwans'' are also commonly found in the ancient temples of Hatra and perhaps modeled on the Parthian style.<ref name="brosius_2006_134-135">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=134–135}}</ref> The largest Parthian ''iwans'' at that site have a span of 15 m (50 ft).<ref>{{harvnb|Schlumberger|1983|p=1049}}</ref>

===Clothing and apparel===
[[File:Nisa_helmeted_warrior_(black_background).jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Nisa helmeted warrior]], a [[Hellenistic art|Hellenistic]] figure or deity, from the Parthian royal residence and necropolis of [[Nisa, Turkmenistan]], 2nd century BC]]

The typical [[Parthian dress|Parthian riding outfit]] is exemplified by [[Statue, National Museum of Iran 2401|the famous bronze statue]] of a Parthian nobleman found at Shami, Elymais. Standing 1.9 m (6 ft), the figure wears a V-shaped jacket, a V-shaped [[tunic]] fastened in place with a belt, loose-fitting and many-folded trousers held by garters, and a diadem or band over his coiffed, bobbed hair.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=132–134}}</ref> His outfit is commonly seen in relief images of Parthian coins by the mid-1st century BC.<ref name="curtis_2007_16"/>

Examples of clothing in Parthian inspired sculptures have been found in excavations at Hatra, in northwestern Iraq. Statues erected there feature the typical Parthian shirt (''qamis''), combined with trousers and made with fine, ornamented materials.<ref>{{harvnb|Bivar|1983|pp=91–92}}</ref> The aristocratic elite of Hatra adopted the bobbed hairstyles, headdresses, and belted tunics worn by the nobility belonging to the central Arsacid court.<ref name="brosius_2006_134-135"/> The trouser-suit was even worn by the Arsacid kings, as shown on the reverse images of coins.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=15}}</ref> The Parthian trouser-suit was also adopted in [[Palmyra]], Syria, along with the use of Parthian frontality in art.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=17}}</ref>

Parthian sculptures depict wealthy women wearing long-sleeved robes over a dress, with necklaces, earrings, bracelets, and headdresses bedecked in jewelry.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=108, 134–135}}</ref> Their many-folded dresses were fastened by a [[brooch]] at one shoulder.<ref name="brosius_2006_134-135"/> Their headdresses also featured a veil which was draped backwards.<ref name="brosius_2006_134-135"/>

As seen in Parthian coinage, the headdresses worn by the Parthian kings changed over time. The earliest Arsacid coins show rulers wearing the soft cap with cheek flaps, known as the [[bashlyk]] (Greek: ''kyrbasia'').<ref name="brosius_2006_101">{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=101}}</ref> This may have derived from an Achaemenid-era satrapal headdress and the [[pointy hat]]s depicted in the Achaemenid reliefs at Behistun and [[Persepolis]].<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=8}}; see also {{harvnb|Sellwood|1983|pp=279–280}} for comparison with Achaemenid satrapal headdresses</ref> The earliest coins of Mithridates I show him wearing the soft cap, yet coins from the latter part of his reign show him for the first time wearing the royal Hellenistic diadem.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=101–102}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=9}}</ref> Mithridates II was the first to be shown wearing the Parthian [[tiara]], embroidered with pearls and jewels, a headdress commonly worn in the late Parthian period and by Sasanian monarchs.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|pp=101–102}}; {{harvnb|Curtis|2007|p=15}}</ref>

===Language===
As culturally and religiously tolerant as the Parthians were, they adopted [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] as their [[official language]], while [[Old Aramaic language|Aramaic]] remained the ''[[lingua franca]]'' in the empire.<ref name="Green 1992 45"/> The native [[Parthian language]], [[Middle Persian]], and [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] were also used.{{sfn|Skjærvø|2004|pp=348–366}}{{sfn|Canepa|2018|p=6}}

===Literature and music===
{{Further|Parthian music}}
[[File:Parthian lute player.jpg|thumb|Parthian long-necked lute, c. 3 BC – 3 AD]]

It is known that during the Parthian period the court [[minstrel]] (''gōsān'') recited poetic [[oral literature]] accompanied by music. However, their stories, composed in verse form, were not written down until the subsequent Sasanian period.<ref>{{harvnb|Brosius|2006|p=106}}</ref> In fact, there is no known Parthian-language literature that survives in original form; all of the surviving texts were written down in the following centuries.<ref>{{harvnb|Boyce|1983|p=1151}}</ref> It is believed that such stories as the romantic tale ''[[Vis and Rāmin]]'' and [[Epic poetry|epic cycle]] of the [[Kayanian dynasty]] were part of the corpus of oral literature from Parthian times, although compiled much later.<ref>{{harvnb|Boyce|1983|pp=1158–1159}}</ref> Although literature of the Parthian language was not committed to written form, there is evidence that the Arsacids acknowledged and respected written [[Ancient Greek literature|Greek literature]].<ref>{{harvnb|Boyce|1983|pp=1154–1155}}; see also {{harvnb|Kennedy|1996|p=74}}</ref>

===Women in the Parthian Empire===
There are very few written and archeological sources about the position of women in the Parthian Empire, and the fragmentary information that does exist is only about royal women, whose position shows many similarities to their [[women in the Achaemenid Empire|predecessors in the Achaemenid Empire]] and their [[Women in the Sasanian Empire|successors in the Sasanian Empire]].<ref name="Maria Brosius"/>

The Parthian kings were polygamous and had several wives with the title "queen" (referred to with the Babylonian spelling šarratu or the Greek basilisse), as well as concubines.<ref name="Maria Brosius">[https://iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i Maria Brosius, "WOMEN i. In Pre-Islamic Persia"], Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2021, available at WOMEN i. In Pre-Islamic Persia (accessed on 26 January 2021). Originally Published: January 1, 2000. Last Updated: March 15, 2010. Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, 1996– {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103225101/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i |date=2020-11-03 }}</ref> It is known that kings often married their sisters, but it is unknown if they were the kings' full sisters or half sisters.<ref name="Maria Brosius"/> According to Roman sources, Parthian kings had [[harem]]s full of female slaves and [[hetaira]]s secluded from contact with men, and royal women were not allowed to participate in the royal banquets.<ref>Lerouge, Ch. 2007. L’image des Parthes dans le monde gréco-romain. Stuttgart.</ref> Whether the royal women lived in seclusion from men is unknown, as no evidence of that has been found, but it is known that women at least participated in the royal banquets as entertainers, as women are shown in archeological images entertaining at such occasions with music and dance.<ref>Kaim, B. 2016. "Women, Dance and the Hunt: Splendour and Pleasures of Court Life in Arsacid and Early Sasanian Art." In V. S. Curtis, E. J. Pendleton, M. Alram and T. Daryaee (eds.), The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion, Oxford, 90–105</ref>

It is assumed that royal Parthian women could own and manage their own property, land and manufactures, as could their predecessors in the Achaemenid and Seleucid Empire and their successors in the Sasanian Empire. It is fully attested that royal women, as well as noblewomen, accompanied their husbands in battle with their own entourage.<ref name="Maria Brosius"/> This was the reason why female members of the royal family could sometimes be taken captive by enemies and had to be ransomed, such as the famous occasion when the daughter of King Osroes was held captive by emperor Trajan from the occupation of Ctesiphon in 116 until 129, but also the reason why kings sometimes killed the women of his company after a defeat to prevent them from being taken prisoners.<ref name="Maria Brosius"/>

Royal women appear to have been less included in royal representation.<ref name="Maria Brosius"/> Artwork depicts royal women dressed similarly to those of the Achaemenid period: in long-sleeved, many-folded dresses tied by a belt, with a tiara or a veil hanging down their back.<ref name="Maria Brosius"/> While their names and titles did appear in official documents, Parthian women were rarely depicted in art. Only two royal women were ever depicted on Parthian coins: Queen [[Musa of Parthia]] and Queen [[Anzaze]] of Elymais.<ref name="Maria Brosius"/> Only two women are known to have ruled the Parthian Empire, one as monarch and one as regent. Musa of Parthia is the only woman confirmed to have ruled as [[queen regnant]] of the Parthian Empire, while [[Rinnu]], mother of underage king [[Phraates II]], is the only other woman believed to have been a ruler, in her case as a [[queen regent]] instead of a queen regnant.<ref>N. C. Debevoise, A Political History of Parthia, Chicago, 1938.</ref><ref>J. Oelsner, "Recht im hellenistischen Babylon," in Legal Documents of the Hellenistic World, ed. M. J. Geller and H. Maehler, London, 1995, pp. 106–148.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pahla]]
* [[Parthian Royal Road]]
* [[Pahlavi scripts]]
* [[Parni]]
* [[Parthia]]
* [[Augustus' Eastern policy]]
* [[Assyria (Roman province)]]
* [[Baghdad Battery]]
* [[Battle of Nisibis (217)]]
* [[History of Iran]]
* [[List of Zoroastrian states and dynasties]]
* [[Romans in Persia]]
* [[Roman–Parthian Wars]]
* [[Royal formula of Parthian coinage]]
* [[History of Ray (247 BC–224 AD)]]

{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

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* {{Encyclopaedia Iranica | volume=13 | fascicle=4 | title = Iran vi. Iranian languages and scripts | last = Skjærvø | first = Prods Oktor | authorlink = Prods Oktor Skjaervo | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-vi2-documentation | pages = 348–366 }}
* {{Citation|doi=10.1556/AAnt.46.2006.3.3|last=Strugnell|first=Emma|year=2006|title=Ventidius' Parthian War: Rome's Forgotten Eastern Triumph|journal=Acta Antiqua|volume=46|issue=3|pages=239–252}}.
* {{citation|last=Syme|first=Ronald|author-link=Ronald Syme|title=The Roman Revolution|year=2002|orig-year=1939|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-280320-7}}.
* {{citation|last=Torday|first=Laszlo|title=Mounted Archers: The Beginnings of Central Asian History|year=1997|publisher=The Durham Academic Press|location=Durham|isbn=978-1-900838-03-0}}.
* {{citation|last=Wang|first=Tao|chapter=Parthia in China: a Re-examination of the Historical Records|pages=87–104|title=The Age of the Parthians: The Ideas of Iran|volume=2|year=2007|publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., in association with the London Middle East Institute at SOAS and the British Museum|location=London & New York|editor-last=Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh and Sarah Stewart|isbn=978-1-84511-406-0}}.
* {{citation|last=Waters|first=Kenneth H.|chapter=The Reign of Trajan, part VII: Trajanic Wars and Frontiers. The Danube and the East|pages=415–427|title=Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt. Principat. II.2|year=1974|editor-last=Temporini|editor-first=Hildegard|location=Berlin|publisher=Walter de Gruyter}}.
* {{Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3a|last=Watson|first=William|chapter=Iran and China|pages=537–558|chapter-page=537}}
* {{Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3b|last=Widengren|first=Geo|chapter=Sources of Parthian and Sasanian History|pages=1261–1283|chapter-page=1261}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFWidengren1983}}
* {{citation|last=Wood|first=Frances|title=The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia|year=2002|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|isbn=978-0-520-24340-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/silkroadtwothous0000wood}}.
* {{Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3a|last=Yarshater|first=Ehsan|chapter=Iranian National History|pages=359–480|chapter-page=359}}
* {{citation|last=Yü|first=Ying-shih|chapter=Han Foreign Relations|pages=377–462|title=Cambridge History of China: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220|volume=1|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|editor-last=Twitchett, Denis and Michael Loewe|isbn=978-0-521-24327-8}}.
* {{citation|last=Young|first=Gary K.|title=Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 BC – AD 305|year=2001|publisher=Routledge|location=London & New York|isbn=978-0-415-24219-6}}.
* {{citation|last=Zhang|first=Guanuda|chapter=The Role of the Sogdians as Translators of Buddhist Texts|pages=75–78|title=Silk Road Studies: Nomads, Traders, and Holy Men Along China's Silk Road|volume=7|year=2002|publisher=Brepols Publishers|location=Turnhout|editor-last=Juliano, Annette L. and Judith A. Lerner|isbn=978-2-503-52178-7}}.
* {{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|last=Daryaee|first=Touraj|author-link=Touraj Daryaee|pages=1–432|isbn=978-0-19-987575-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ|access-date=2019-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101051501/https://books.google.dk/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ&pg|archive-date=2019-01-01|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|title=Army i. Pre-Islamic Iran|last=Shahbazi|first=A. Shapur|author-link=Alireza Shapour Shahbazi|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/army-i|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5|pages=489–499|year=1986}}.

{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Ellerbrock |first=Uwe |year=2021 |title=The Parthians: The Forgotten Empire |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames |isbn=978-1-000-35848-3}}
* {{citation |last=Neusner |first=J. |title=Parthian Political Ideology |journal=Iranica Antiqua |volume=3 |year=1963 |pages=40–59 |ref=none}}
* {{citation |last=Schippmann |first=Klaus |chapter=Arsacid ii. The Arsacid dynasty |pages=526–535 |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |volume=2 |year=1987 |location=New York |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |title-link=Encyclopædia Iranica |ref=none}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Parthia|the Parthian Empire}}
* Various articles from Iran Chamber Society ([http://www.iranchamber.com/history/parthians/parthians.php Parthian Empire], [http://www.iranchamber.com/art/articles/art_of_parthians.php The Art of Parthians], [http://www.iranchamber.com/history/parthians/parthian_army.php Parthian Army])
* [http://www.parthia.com/ Parthia.com] (a website featuring the history, geography, coins, arts and culture of ancient Parthia, including a bibliographic list of scholarly sources)
* {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Persia |volume=21 |pages=187–252 |short=1}}

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Poompavai

2026-03-06T03:42:19Z

Tanwarpal Singh: started a post from scratch

{{short description|1944 film by Krishnan–Panju}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Poompavai
| image = Poompavai poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = T. Balaji Singh [[Krishnan–Panju]] ({{abbr|unc.|uncredited}})
| screenplay = A. A. Somayajulu
| story = [[Kambadasan]]
| starring = [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramaswamy]] [[U. R. Jeevarathnam]]
| music = Addepalli Rama Rao
| cinematography = Purushotham
| editing = S. Panju
| studio = Leo Films
| distributor = Kandhan & Co. Sri Chaya & Co.
| released = {{film date|1944|8|11|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Poompavai''''' ({{IPAc-en|p|uː|m|p|ɑː|v|aɪ}}) is a 1944 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by T. Balaji Singh and the duo [[Krishnan–Panju]] in the latter's directorial debut. Produced under the banner of Leo Films, it features [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramaswamy]], [[U. R. Jeevarathnam]], [[K. Sarangapani]], [[K. R. Chellam]] and [[S. V. Sahasranamam]]. The film was released in August 1944 and became a success.

== Plot ==
Poompavai is the daughter of Sivanesan Chettiar, a jeweller based in [[Mylapore|Mylai]]. Her [[wicked stepmother|cruel stepmother]] Ponnammal despises her and plots against her. Poompavai devotes herself to worshipping the [[Hindus|Hindu]] god [[Shiva]]. One day, Shiva appears before her father in the guise of a ''[[sadhu]]'', and gives him a [[ruby]], which he decides to embed in a crown that the chieftain of Mylai has ordered him to make. But to his dismay, Sivanesan realises that his daughter has already given the ruby to a ''sadhu'' seeking alms. The chieftain refuses to believe this, and banishes Sivanesan and his family.

The banished family meet Thirugnanar Sambandar, a saint to whom Poompavai is attracted. However, he orders her not to indulge in such desires and instead seek divine knowledge. After learning of Sambandar's powers, the chieftain of Mylai forgives Sivanesan's family and reinstates them. Not too long after, Poompavai dies after being bitten by a snake. A shocked Sivanesan rushes to Sambandar, who successfully resurrects her. Poompavai again asks him to marry her, but Sambandar says that having given her life, he is now like her father. Instead, he gives her divine knowledge, so she becomes his devotee.<ref name="songbook" />

== Cast ==
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{Col-break|width=25%}}
;Male cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramaswamy]] as Thirugnanar Sambandar
* [[K. Sarangapani]] as Sivanesan Chettiar
* [[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Elelasingan
* [[S. V. Sahasranamam|Sahasranamam]] as Lord [[Shiva]]
* M. R. Durairaj as Sivapadahrithayar
* K. P. Jayaraman as Fat Chetty
* [[D. Balasubramaniam]] as Mylai Chieftain
* [[N. S. Krishnan]] as Papavinasam Chetty
{{Col-break|width=20%}}
;Female cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[U. R. Jeevarathnam]] as Poompavai
* [[K. R. Chellam]] as Ponnammal
* T. K. Pushpavalli as Mylai Chieftess
* A. R. Sakunthala as Majari
* [[T. A. Mathuram]] as Kamakshi
{{Col-break|width=20%}}
;Dance<ref name="songbook" />
* V. S. Susheela Devi
* T. M. Papa
* A. R. Sakunthala
* M. J. Andal
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
''Poompavai'' was based on the folk story of the girl of the same name. Produced by the Leo Films, it marked the directorial debut of the duo [[Krishnan–Panju]] (R. Krishnan and S. Panju) who were also in charge of the general supervision. But the director's credit was given to T. Balaji Singh instead. Besides co-directing, Panju also edited the film. The audiography was done by E. I. Jeeva. Purushotham was the cinematographer and the film was shot at Newtone Studios, [[Kilpauk]]. [[Kambadasan]] wrote the story while A. A. Somayajulu wrote the dialogue. [[Vazhuvoor Ramaiah Pillai|V. B. Ramaiah Pillai]] and Nataraj were the dance choreographers.<ref name="songbook" /><ref name="thehindu" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Addepalli Rama Rao and the lyrics were written by Madurai Mariappa Swamigal and Kambadasan.<ref name="songbook" /> Songs like "Kalam Veen Pogudhe" (sung by Jeevarathnam) and "Om Namasivayam" (sung by Ramaswamy) became popular.<ref name="thehindu" />

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer !! Ragam !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Thodudaiya Seviyan" || [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] || Thodi || rowspan=3|[[Kambadasan]] ||
|-
| "Pitham Konndam Namakku" || [[S. V. Sahasranamam|Sahasranamam]] || Nadanamakriya ||
|-
| "Gangaiyinal Thangakkudam Nirumpum" || [[T. R. Ramachandran]], A. R. Sakunthala || Mishrakam ||
|-
| "Varumanthalir Meni" || [[U. R. Jeevarathnam]] || Reethigowlam || Madurai Mariappa Swamigal || 02:30
|-
| "Kastapattu Sambhadhicha Dharu" || [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Mathuram]] || Bageswari || Kambadasan ||
|-
| "Vasamigum Malargal" || U. R. Jeevarathnam || Mand || Madurai Mariappa Swamigal || 02:39
|-
| "Chinna Vayathile Kanni Thamizhile" || N. S. Krishnan & Party || Nadanamakriya || Kambadasan ||
|-
| "Om Namasivayam Enave" || K. R. Ramasamy || || rowspan=2|Madurai Mariappa Swamigal || 02:58
|-
| "Kalam Veen Pogudhe Kadhalane Guha" || U. R. Jeevarathnam || Sindhu Bhairavi || 02:47
|-
| "Om Namasivaya Enum Namam" || K. R. Ramasamy || Bihag || Kambadasan ||
|-
| "Thennadudaya Sivane ... Kannikkaiyai Etru" || U. R. Jeevarathnam || Devagandhari || Madurai Mariappa Swamigal || 02:50
|-
| "Nanendrannavam Thonungal" || rowspan=2|K. R. Ramasamy || Sindhu Bhairavi || Kambadasan ||
|-
| "Mandhiram Aavadhu Neeru Vanavar Meladhu Neeru" || Kanada || Thirugnana Sambandar || 00:36
|-
| "Aadidum Menmalar Pada" || rowspan=2|U. R. Jeevarathnam || Kambodhi || Madurai Mariappa Swamigal || 03:20
|-
| "Podhum Podhum Indha Janmam" || Sivaranjani || Madurai Mariappa Swamigal || 03:00
|-
| "Kulirnthu Than Nijamanal Udala Ulama" || Oracle || Bhairavi || rowspan=5|Kambadasan ||
|-
| "Sivamadhe Mudhan Maiyana Deivam" || rowspan=2|K. R. Ramasamy || Bihag ||
|-
| "Mattitta Punnaiyanganan" || Bhimpalas ||
|-
| "Sivasiva Siva Sankarane" || K. R. Ramasamy, U. R. Jeevarathnam, Chorus || Brindavana Saranga ||
|-
| "En Mele Dhenum Kopama" || T. A. Mathuram || ||
|-
| "Monathile Varum Gnanam" || U. R. Jeevarathnam || || Madurai Mariappa Swamigal || 03:05
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Poompavai'' was released on 11 August 1944 in select theatres,<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 1944 |title=Poompavai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19440811&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606042300/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19440811&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> and had a wider release a week later.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 1944 |title=Poompavai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19440818&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519093117/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19440818&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=28 January 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> The film was distributed by Kandhan & Co in Coimbatore, Sri Chaya & Co in Madras, and Mysore Film Corporation in Bangalore,<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 1944 |title=Poompavai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19440804&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603110629/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19440804&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 August 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> and emerged a box office success.<ref name="thehindu" /> Kay Yess Enn of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' positively reviewed the film, but criticised its length.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kay Yess Enn |date=19 August 1944 |title=Poompavai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9Is-AAAAIBAJ&pg=2160%2C2517612 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519093122/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9Is-AAAAIBAJ&pg=2160%2C2517612 |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=16 November 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=16 August 2014 |title=Poompaavai 1944 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-1944-tamil-classic-movie-poompaavai/article6324272.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102151826/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-1944-tamil-classic-movie-poompaavai/article6324272.ece |archive-date=2 January 2017 |access-date=2 January 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=http://mininoolaham.blogspot.com/2017/05/1944_7.html |title=Poompavai |publisher=Rangam Bros |year=1944 |location=Mount Road, Madras |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=6 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606024156/http://mininoolaham.blogspot.com/2017/05/1944_7.html |archive-date=6 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=0234496}}

{{Krishnan–Panju}}

[[Category:1944 Indian films]]
[[Category:1944 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1944 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1944 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krishnan–Panju]]
[[Category:Films scored by Addepalli Rama Rao]]
[[Category:Hindu devotional films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

MMCH (film)

2026-03-04T04:39:11Z

Tanwarpal Singh: New Basic Info Added Tags.

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = MMCH
| image = MMCH film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = Mussanje Mahesh
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = {{plainlist|*[[Meghana Raj]]
*[[Samyukta Hornad]]
*Prathama
*[[Nakshatra (actress)|Nakshatra]]
*[[Ragini Dwivedi]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Nagesh Acharya
| editing =
| music = V Sridhar Sambhram
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|7|13}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Premigalige MMCH''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Mystery film|mystery]]-[[action thriller film]] directed by Mussanje Mahesh and starring [[Meghana Raj]], [[Samyukta Hornad]], Prathama, [[Nakshatra (actress)|Nakshatra]] and [[Ragini Dwivedi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/mmch-has-too-much-filmdom/articleshow/63176484.cms|title='MMCH' has too much filmdom|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419022056/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/mmch-has-too-much-filmdom/articleshow/63176484.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Real Danduplayalm''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/jun/13/mmch-dubbed-in-telugu-as-real-dandupalyam-6483.html|title=MMCH dubbed in Telugu as Real Dandupalyam|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=13 June 2018 |access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419022054/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/jun/13/mmch-dubbed-in-telugu-as-real-dandupalyam-6483.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Meghana Raj]] as Megha
*Prathama as Maya
*[[Samyukta Hornad]] as Chaya<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meet-chaya-the-rowdy-of-mmch/articleshow/64917621.cms|title=Meet Chaya, the 'rowdy' of MMCH|first=Dhwani|last=Desai|work=The Times of India|date=10 July 2018 |access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2022-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028084459/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meet-chaya-the-rowdy-of-mmch/articleshow/64917621.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Nakshatra (actress)|Nakshatra]] as Harshitha
*[[Ragini Dwivedi]] as Jhansi Rani

== Music ==
The music for the film was composed by V. Sridhar Sambhram.<ref>{{cite web |title=Premigalige MMCH Songs: Premigalige MMCH MP3 Kannada Songs by Shridhar V Sambaram Online Free on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/premigalige-mmch |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704150601/https://gaana.com/album/premigalige-mmch |archive-date=4 July 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Megha Megha
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics1 = Ghouse Peer
| length1 = 4:31
| title2 = Challore Chamka
| extra2 = Apoorva Sridhar, Rashmi N. Murthy
| lyrics2 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| length2 = 4:43
| title3 = Adrustakkondu Enhi Beku
| extra3 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| lyrics3 = V. Sridhar Sambhram
| length3 = 4:37
| title4 = Gaali Beesi
| extra4 = Anup Dayanand
| lyrics4 = Ghouse Peer
| length4 = 4:15
| title5 = Megha Megha Karaoke
| extra5 = {{mdash}}
| lyrics5 = {{mdash}}
| length5 = 4:31
| title6 = Adrustakkondu Karaoke
| extra6 = {{mdash}}
| lyrics6 = {{mdash}}
| length6 = 4:37
| total_length = 27:14
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote that "The only relief is watching women in action from beginning to end".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/150718/mmch-movie-review-this-murder-mystery-causes-headache.html|title=MMCH movie review: This murder mystery causes headache|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=15 July 2018 |access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419022054/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/150718/mmch-movie-review-this-murder-mystery-causes-headache.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote that "Inconsistencies plague the movie, and there’s not a moment that lets you enjoy the proceedings".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premigalige-mmch-review-shoddily-made-drama-fails-strike-chord-84720|title='Premigalige MMCH' review: A shoddily made drama that fails to strike a chord|date=13 July 2018|website=The News Minute|access-date=19 April 2023|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419030605/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/premigalige-mmch-review-shoddily-made-drama-fails-strike-chord-84720|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Director Mussanje Mahesh’s attempt to make a crime-thriller, female-centric movie based on a true story of the 1980s falls flat".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/premigalige-mmch/movie-review/64974538.cms|title=Premigalige MMCH Movie Review|work=The Times of India|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430100739/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/premigalige-mmch/movie-review/64974538.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "This film has a bearable first half which makes way for a silly second half and finally assaults you with an embarrassing climax".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mmch-movie-review-rajendra-ponnappa-should-not-watch-this-film/articleshow/64978964.cms|title=MMCH movie review: Rajendra Ponnappa should not watch this film|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419022055/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mmch-movie-review-rajendra-ponnappa-should-not-watch-this-film/articleshow/64978964.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|id=tt8784852}}

[[Category:Indian female buddy films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2018 action films]]
[[Category:2018 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Three girls movie]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]

Saaransh

2026-03-03T23:57:30Z

Tanwarpal Singh: Enhanced content and organization

{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Saaransh
| image = Saaransh.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
| producer = [[Tarachand Barjatya]]
| writer = [[Mahesh Bhatt]] (screenplay & dialogue) Sujit Sen (screenplay & dialogue) [[Amit Khanna]] (dialogue)
| story = Mahesh Bhatt
| starring = [[Anupam Kher]] [[Rohini Hattangadi]] [[Soni Razdan]] [[Madan Jain]] [[Nilu Phule]]
| music = [[Ajit Verman]]
| cinematography = Adeep Tandon
| editing = [[David Dhawan]]
| distributor = [[Rajshri Productions|Rajshri]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1984|5|25}}
| runtime = 137 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''Saaransh''' (English: The Gist {{Sfn|DIFF|1985|p=103}} ) is a 1984 Indian [[Hindi]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Mahesh Bhatt]], starring [[Anupam Kher]], [[Rohini Hattangadi]], Madan Jain, [[Nilu Phule]], Suhas Bhalekar and [[Soni Razdan]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Saaransh|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088031/|access-date=2019-04-27|archive-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601123339/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088031/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is about an elderly Maharashtrian couple living in Mumbai who come to terms with the loss of their only son. This was the screen debut of Anupam Kher. The film had music by [[Ajit Verman]] and lyrics by [[Vasant Dev]]. It was produced and distributed by [[Rajshri Productions]]. It was chosen as India's [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|official entry]] for the 1985 [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] and was not nominated.

==Plot==

The film begins with B.V. Pradhan waking up early in the morning to write a letter to his son, Ajay, who lives in New York. Midway through the letter, Pradhan remembers the tragic reality: Pradhan received a call from a friend of Ajay's that Ajay has been killed in a [[Robbery|mugging]] in New York. Pradhan's best friend, Vishwanath, and Pradhan's wife, Parvati are both worried that even though it has been 3 months, Pradhan has yet to fully come to terms with the loss of his only son. Pradhan confesses to Vishwanath that after the loss of his son, he no longer has any will left to live.

Due to the death of their son, Pradhan has no source of income, so they rent out a room of their [[Shivaji Park]] ([[Mumbai]]) apartment to a budding Bollywood actress, Sujata Suman. Sujata is romantically involved with Vilas (Madan Jain), the only son of an influential politician Gajanan Chitre. Vilas wishes to marry Sujata, but he does not tell his father about Sujata out of cowardice and keeps postponing their marriage plans.

Meanwhile, Pradhan receives a registered letter that his son's ashes and a few other belongings (a TV, VCR, a refrigerator etc.) have arrived from USA to India. When Pradhan goes to the customs office to collect them, he is disrespected and gets no help from the Public Relations Officer. An emotionally disturbed and enraged Pradhan forcibly enters the office of the main head of the customs department and explains that he has come only to pick up his son's ashes and not any other material possessions. Pradhan demands that his son's ashes be handed to him immediately and breaks down to tears, upon which the officer consoles Pradhan and relents to his request. The officer apologises for the inconvenience and assures Pradhan that the remaining items will be transferred to Pradhan as soon as possible.

Pradhan, an atheist, gives his son's ashes to Parvati, who takes his ashes to a Pandit. The Pandit tells Pradhan and Parvati that Ajay will soon be reincarnated, in the form of a baby, near them. Disillusioned, Pradhan takes some of Ajay's ashes and spreads them near a park bench in the nearby kids park. Realising the futility of his painful life, Pradhan tries to commit suicide by diving under a speeding car, albeit unsuccessfully. Parvati implores him to change his mind, but Pradhan does not relent. Finally, they both decide to end their lives by consuming poison together.

Just as Pradhan and Parvati are about to commit suicide, Sujata informs Vilas that she's pregnant. When Vilas still shows indecisiveness in marrying Sujata, she calls him a coward and throws him out. When Pradhan finds out, he offers to take Sujata to meet Gajanan with the hope that he will permit Sujata and Vilas to get married. When Vilas refuses to accept that Sujata is carrying his baby, Gajanan, despite knowing that Vilas is lying, refuses their proposal and threatens Pradhan and Sujata with dire consequences if Sujata does not abort the child and move away to another town. However, Pradhan, out of principle, refuses to let a helpless Sujata leave and provides her a safe haven in his house. Parvati, upon hearing that Sujata is with a baby, starts believing that the baby in Sujata's womb is, in fact, going to be the reincarnation of Ajay. She starts caring for Sujata and her beliefs about Ajay being reincarnated get even more firmly entrenched in her mind.

Gajanan tries all the tricks of the trade to dissuade Sujata from having the baby: his goons try to bribe Pradhan, they harass Pradhan by cutting off the electricity to his house and beat up Vishwanath (thereby preventing him from supplying milk to Pradhan's house) and his goons even throw ignited crackers into Pradhan's house. Gajanan himself persuades a local doctor to illegally carry out the abortion of Sujata's baby in his clinic (where Sujata is scheduled for a checkup). When all else fails, Gajanan, through Vilas (who is unaware of his father's intentions) traps Pradhan in a fake scam of aiding and abetting a prostitution ring (involving illegally marked bills). Pradhan tries to call the [[Commissioner of Police]] for help, but is prevented due to red-tapism. Exasperated, Pradhan storms into the [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralaya]], the office of the [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]. The C.M. turns out to be one of Pradhan's former students, Shashikant. The C.M. immediately calls up the Commissioner of Police, the Remand Home where Sujata is being held in custody and demands Gajanan Chitre be produced to ensure that justice is rightfully served.

Pradhan realises that Parvati's adamant belief that Ajay will be reincarnated as Sujata's baby will cause problems to them and Sujata and Vilas, so he asks them both to leave the city in the wee hours of the night and go live their lives happily elsewhere. He gifts them Ajay's belongings that have finally been handed over to Pradhan by the customs office. Sujata, however, requests to see Parvati one last time. When Parvati refuses to let Vilas and Sujata leave, Pradhan controls her and makes them leave. Parvati is shocked and heartbroken, but Pradhan helps her realise that Ajay has died and will never come back. When Parvati says that they should both consume poison together, Pradhan refuses, saying that he has realised that the ''Saaransh'' of his life is in her beautiful wrinkles, and they have both done a good deed in helping Sujata's baby survive despite the problems she faced.

The movie ends with Pradhan taking Parvati for an early morning walk to the nearby kids park. There, they see that beautiful flowers have sprouted where Pradhan once scattered some of Ajay's ashes. Pradhan then tells Parvati that the real beauty of life is that we all are mortal, but life goes on.

==Cast==
* [[Anupam Kher]] as B.V. Pradhan
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Parvati Pradhan
* [[Soni Razdan]] as Sujata Suman
* [[Madan Jain]] as Vilas Chitre
* Suhas Bhalekar as Vishwanath
* [[Alok Nath]] as Pandit / Astrologer
* [[Akash Khurana]] as Chief Minister Shashikant (as Aakash Khurana)
* [[Vijay Kashyap]] as Dr. Bhatt
* Kishore Jariwala
* [[Suresh Chatwal]] as Police Inspector
* [[Salim Ghouse]] as Gajanan Chitre's Goon (with acid)
* [[Arun Bakshi]] as Gajanan Chitre's Goon
* [[Haidar Ali (actor)|Haidar Ali]]
* [[Nilu Phule]] as Gajanan Chitre

==Production==
Made after his critically acclaimed ''[[Arth (film)|Arth]]'' (1982), this film carried forward his venturing into the genre of confessional cinema. It was inspired by the death of a young son of Mahesh Bhatt's spiritual guru, [[U. G. Krishnamurti]] of cancer, and later by a Maharashtrian couple whose only son was murdered in New York.<ref>{{cite web | title = Interview with Mahesh Bhatt: Stories of His Life | url = http://www.indiawest.com/news/5301-interview-with-mahesh-bhatt-stories-of-his-life.html | publisher = IndiaWest | date = 2 July 2012 | access-date = 11 May 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140513011908/http://www.indiawest.com/news/5301-interview-with-mahesh-bhatt-stories-of-his-life.html | archive-date = 13 May 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

Initially [[Anupam Kher]], originally from Shimla and a [[National School of Drama]] alumnus, was chosen to play the lead role. Later producers [[Rajshri Productions]] insisted in taking an established actor, [[Sanjeev Kumar]] for the role. Thus a fortnight before the principal photography was to commence, Kher, who had been preparing for almost sixth months for his debut, got the news. When Bhatt confirmed the change, he packed his bags and left town. However, before leaving, he met Bhatt and expressed his frustration. Subsequently, Bhatt kept him as the lead, and the producers agreed.{{Sfn|Bajaj|2014|p=2036}}<ref name=toi>{{cite web | title = Anupam Kher talks about how Mahesh Bhatt's Saaransh changed his life | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Anupam-Kher-talks-about-how-Mahesh-Bhatts-Saaransh-changed-his-life/articleshow/30604123.cms | date = 18 February 2014 | access-date = 11 May 2014 | work = The Times of India | archive-date = 14 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140314065928/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Anupam-Kher-talks-about-how-Mahesh-Bhatts-Saaransh-changed-his-life/articleshow/30604123.cms | url-status = live }}</ref>

The film began on 1 January 1984 with very first scene of Pradhan played by Kher, receiving the phone call from New York.<ref name=toi/> Kher was only 28 years old, when he played the role of a retired stubborn old man. For the pivotal scene, where he had to haggle with customs officials to recover his son's ashes. Kher had no reference of such a situation and tapped into all his hardships as struggling actor in Mumbai to reach the emotional point. The scene was shot at an office space in [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], Mumbai, and was completed in a single take, without rehearsals or use of glycerine. He went on to win [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] for his performance. Rohini Hattangadi was only 28 years old at the time but her performance as the 60-plus housewife is still etched in everyone’s memory.<ref name=toi/>

==Themes==

''Saaransh'' explores how the couple copes with the loneliness and anxieties of old age and the utter aimlessness of life after the death of their only son, a victim of arbitrary violence. While the headmaster's wife seeks refuge in religion and faith, the headmaster remains stoic and becomes obsessive about the memories of his son. In his efforts to reach out to his dead son, he starts writing letters to him every day, only to tear them up.{{Sfn|Ray|Joshi|2005|p=69}} It also focuses on the importance of finding new meaning and purpose in life, no matter the age.{{Sfn|Garga|1996|p=265}}{{Sfn|Chandrasekhar|Seel|2003|p=352}}

Other themes it touches on are through Pradhan's interactions with custom officials and police — corruption, politics-crime nexus and bureaucratic delay, rampant bribery and red-tapism.{{Sfn|Dasgupta|2014|p=76}}

==Music==
The music was given by [[Ajit Varman]] and the lyrics by [[Vasant Dev]].

* "Andhiyara Gehraya Suna Pan Phir Aaya" – [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
* "Har Ghadi Dhal Rahi Sham Hai Zindagi" – [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]]

==Reception==
The lead pair, [[Anupam Kher]] and [[Rohini Hattangadi]], were praised for their portrayals, described by ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' as "immortal performances".<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|author=Dhawan, M.L|date=28 April 2002|title=When content was the king|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main9.htm|access-date=24 February 2011|archive-date=8 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708121813/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main9.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Chander Uday Singh of [[India Today]] wrote ″Although Bhatt has used artistes with little cinematic experience (barring Hattangady and Phule) he draws superb performances from them. Kher stops short of being brilliant only because he occasionally lapses into a vigour out of keeping with the ageing and broken Pradhan. Hattangady, fresh from the success of [[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]], remains convincing in the difficult role of Parvati.″<ref>{{Cite web|first=Chander Uday|last=Singh|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19840430-film-review-mahesh-bhatt-saaransh-802992-1984-04-29|title=Film review: Mahesh Bhatt's 'Saaransh'|website=[[India Today]]|date=30 April 1984|access-date=11 February 2023|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211084539/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19840430-film-review-mahesh-bhatt-saaransh-802992-1984-04-29|url-status=live}}</ref> In a retrospective review on films 30th anniversary in 2014, [[Sukanya Verma]] of [[Rediff.com]] wrote, "Bhatt’s finest film, which celebrates its 30th anniversary on May 25, isn’t comfort cinema. Devoid of cheer and falsehoods, Saaransh is armed with a leading man like Anupam Kher who single-handedly enriches its story into an experience so personal, poignant and profound, only the callous can stay unmoved."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-celebrating-30-years-of-saaransh/20140522.htm |title=Celebrating 30 Years of Saaransh |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=22 May 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=16 June 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526093332/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-celebrating-30-years-of-saaransh/20140522.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Saaransh'' was included in the Panorama section of the 1984 [[International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI).{{Sfn|DIFF|1985|p=3}} It was [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|India's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]], though it did not make it to the final run. Among other awards, Bhatt received a special prize at the [[14th Moscow International Film Festival]], and was a nominee for the Golden Prize.<ref name="Moscow1985">{{cite web |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1985 |title=14th Moscow International Film Festival (1985) |access-date=10 February 2013 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316084353/http://moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1985 |archive-date=16 March 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Coming after the success of ''Arth'' (1982), the critical acclaim of ''Saaransh'' established Bhatt as a director of repute.{{Sfn|Gulzar|Nihalani|Chatterjee|2003|p=531}} Even today, it remains one of the few stand out in "middle-of-the-road" films of the 1980s decade Hindi cinema,{{Sfn|Sommaya|Kothari|Madangarli|2013|p=1986}} which is retrospectively seen as a decade of decline of content in the mainstream cinema.{{Sfn|Spinelli|2002|p=80}} [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'s "Encyclopedia of Hindi Cinema" described ''Saaransh'' as Mahesh Bhatt's "finest film – moving, mellow, and mature – as the viewer feels the pain and despair of an elderly couple..." {{Sfn|Gulzar|Nihalani|Chatterjee|2003|p=108}} In 2016, on the occasion of India celebrating its [[Independence Day (India)|70th Independence day]], news agency ''[[NDTV]]'' compiled a list called "70 Years, 70 Great Films" and ''Saaransh'' was among those chosen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Independence Day: 70 Years, 70 Great Films |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/happy-independence-day-70-years-70-great-films-15114 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109191754/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/happy-independence-day-70-years-70-great-films-15114 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Awards ==
'''[[32nd National Film Awards]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]] – [[Vasant Dev]]
*

'''[[32nd Filmfare Awards]]''':

'''Won'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] – [[Anupam Kher]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]] – [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]] – Madhukar Shinde

'''Nominated'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] – [[Tarachand Barjatya]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]– Mahesh Bhatt
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – [[Rohini Hattangadi]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] – [[Soni Razdan]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=Indian Cinema|author=DIFF|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG11AAAAIAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting}}
* {{cite book|last=Garga|first=Bhagwan Das|title=So many cinemas: the motion picture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXRZAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Eminence Designs|isbn=978-81-900602-1-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Spinelli|first=Italo|title=Indian Summer: Films, Filmmakers and Stars Between Ray and Bollywood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gq4aAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Edizioni Oliveras|isbn=9788885982680}}
* {{cite book|last1=Chandrasekhar|first1=Indira |first2=Peter C. |last2=Seel |title=Body city: siting contemporary culture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-LAzAQAAIAAJ|year= 2003|publisher=Haus Der Kulturen Der Welt|isbn=978-81-85229-76-8}}
* {{cite book|author1=Gulzar |first2=Govind |last2=Nihalani |first3=Saibal |last3=Chatterjee |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT555|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ray|first1=Bibekananda|first2=Naveen |last2=Joshi|title=Conscience of the race: India's offbeat cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/conscienceofrace00rayb|year=2005|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|isbn=978-81-230-1298-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sommaya|first1=Bhawana|first2=Jigna |last2=Kothari |first3=Supriya |last3=Madangarli |title=Mother Maiden Mistress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dtec0Ykfo1sC&pg=PA1986|year=2013|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=978-93-5029-485-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Dasgupta|first=Koral|title=Power of a Common Man Connecting with Consumers The SRK Way|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnVvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76|year=2014|publisher=Westland|isbn=978-93-84030-15-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Bajaj|first=J.K.|title=On & Behind the Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1UqAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2036|year=2014|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5083-621-7}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0088031}}
* {{YouTube|id=BrLvR848PM4|title=Saaransh (Rajshri Films channel)}}

{{Mahesh Bhatt}}
{{Indian submission for Academy Awards}}

[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:1984 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1984 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Rajshri Productions films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films about old age]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ajit Varman]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Bhatt]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]

Mulzim (1988 film)

2026-03-03T23:47:19Z

Tanwarpal Singh: New The Data Added Tags.

{{More citations needed|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|
date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mulzim
| image = Mulzim poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Kader Khan]] {{small|(dialogues)}} Indeevar {{small|(lyrics)}}
| story =
| screenplay = [[Paruchuri Brothers]]
| producer = G. Hanumantha Rao [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] {{small|(Presents)}}
| director = [[K. S. R. Das]]
| starring = [[Jeetendra]] [[Shatrughan Sinha]] [[Hema Malini]] [[Amrita Singh]] [[Kimi Katkar]]
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| cinematography = P. Gopala Krishna
| editing = K. R. Mohan Rao
| studio = [[Padmalaya Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1988|03|25}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mulzim''''' ({{translation|Accused}}) is a 1988 [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]], produced by G. Hanumantha Rao under the [[Padmalaya Studios]] banner, presented by [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and directed by [[K. S. R. Das]]. It stars [[Jeetendra]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Amrita Singh]], [[Kimi Katkar]] in lead roles. The film's music was composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]]. The film is a remake of 1982 [[Kannada]] movie ''[[Jimmy Gallu]]'' which the director of this movie had earlier remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Muddayi]]'' (1987).<ref>{{cite web|title=Mulzim|url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/India-Bollywood-1988-Mulzim-Press-Book-Jeetendra-Hema-Malini-Shatrughan-Sinha-/390584673245?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5af0a923dd|publisher=eBay|accessdate=2014-05-10}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins at the central jail on the 15th of August. Ranjeet is a malignant semblance as honorable is invited on whom a feral prisoner, Vijay, onslaught. Since he holds a previous rivalry, he is opposed by plucky Superintendent Sharada. Inspector Neeraj, a sheer cop, is hard towards miscreants, which his friend Advocate Mala denies. As she believes they will be reformed via solicitude. Hence, they challenge molding a hardcore criminal when Sharada makes her acquaintance with Vijay. Initially, he detests her but later understands her virtue and spins back. Vijay is virtuous in a village and aims to contract a hospital for the poor with the aid of his fiancée, Dr. Rekha and sanctions land. Consequently, Ranjeet intends to squat it when he kills Rekha and incriminates Vijay. Mala reopened the case and acquitted Vijay on parole with Sharada's assurance. Forthwith, he absconds to wipe out Ranjeet, where Vijay is startled to view his sibling Kamla as Ranjeet's wife and bars. Afterward, Vijay learns that Ranjeet knitted her to save himself from him. Now, Vijay resides at Sharada's residence, is cordial to her daughter Pinky and runs a taxi. In tandem, Vijay & Mala fall in love. Besides, Ranjeet's ploys and hires a goon Jagan, divorced Sharada's husband. Whereat, he tries to molest Kamla, and Vijay arrives at her rescue. Exploiting it, Ranjeet slaughters Jagan, which again charges Vijay and the court penalizes the death penalty. Neeraj cracks the mystery here but is seized with Mala and Kamla. Knowing it, Vijay breaks the bars and strikes Ranjeet. At last, Sharada eliminates Ranjeet and surrenders. Finally, the movie ends with Neeraj leaving his breath while guarding Vijay and uniting Vijay and Mala.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Jeetendra]] as Vijay
*[[Shatrughan Sinha]] as Inspector Neeraj
*[[Hema Malini]] as Jailor Sharda
*[[Amrita Singh]] as Advocate Mala
*[[Kimi Katkar]] as Dr. Rekha
*[[Aruna Irani]] as Assistant Jailor
*[[Kader Khan]] as Jaago
*[[Asrani]] as Hasmukh
*[[Ranjeet]] as Jagan
*[[Suresh Oberoi]] as Ranjeet
*[[Bharat Bhushan]] as Neeraj's Father
*[[Urmila Bhatt]] as Neeraj's Mother
*[[Renu Joshi]] as Parvati
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Adalat Chhod Gaya Insaaf"
| [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|-
| "Paas Mere Aaja, Ya To Mujhko Bula Le"
| [[Salma Agha]], Mohammed Aziz
|-
| "Kase Raho, Kase Raho, Mujhe Baahon Mein Apni Kase Raho"
| [[Alisha Chinoy]], Mohammed Aziz
|-
| "Pyar Ka Badla Pyar Se Dena, Aur Na Kuch Chahenge"
| Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Aziz
|-
| "Sau Saal Tu Jeeti Rahe, Koi Bhi Gham Chhu Na Sake"
| Asha Bhosle,
Mohammed Aziz
|-
| "Chal Gori Pyar Ke Gaon Mein, Duniya Rakh Dunga Paon Mein"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Nitin Mukesh]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0363832|title=Mulzim}}

{{K. S. R. Das}}

[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:1988 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. S. R. Das]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:1988 action films]]
[[Category:Padmalaya Studios films]]

Ayya (2005 Kannada film)

2026-03-03T21:39:59Z

Tanwarpal Singh: fix article as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ayya
| image = Ayya(2005 kannada film) poster.jpeg
| caption = DVD Cover
| director = [[Om Prakash Rao]]
| producer = Byre Gowda
| story = [[Hari (director)|Hari]]
| starring = [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] [[Rakshitha]]
| music = [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| cinematography = Anaji Nagaraj
| editing = S. Manohar
| studio = Bhavya Cine Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2005|02|04}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Ayya''''' is a 2005 Indian [[Kannada]] film directed by [[Om Prakash Rao]], starring [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] and [[Rakshitha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/dboss-darshan-birthday-special-top-10-hit-movies-must-watch-191368.html|title=ಡಿಬಾಸ್ ಹುಟ್ಟುಹಬ್ಬ: 'ಮೆಜೆಸ್ಟಿಕ್' ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಲಿಟ್ಟು ಚಾಲೆಂಜಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಆಗಿ ಮೆರೆದ ಟಾಪ್ 10 ಸಿನಿಮಾ|date = 16 February 2021}}</ref> Darshan plays the role of a brave police officer prepared to go to any lengths to control crime in the city. The background music and soundtrack were scored by [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]].
Despite being an unofficial remake of ''[[Saamy]]'', the director had revealed that he had copied scenes from nine other movies including the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Madhurey]]'', which also stars Rakshitha as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eU2m14h0D5c&feature=youtu.be | title=ಓಂ ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರಾವ್ ಬೆಂಕಿಮಾತು ಬೆಂಕಿಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗ-02 | Exclusive Interview with Om Prakash Rao | Director | | website=[[YouTube]] | date=3 August 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/chiranjeevi-sarja-in-ayya-2/articleshow/22482407.cms|title=Chiranjeevi Sarja in Ayya-2|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 September 2013|last=Lokesh|first=Vinay}}</ref>

The film enjoyed box office success, with many cinemas running it for over 100 days.<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2006010801080200.htm&date=2006/01/08/&prd=th&|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504101528/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2006010801080200.htm&date=2006/01/08/&prd=th&|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 May 2007|title=The message is unclear in 'Mandya' |first=K.N. |last=Venkattasubba Rao|date=8 January 2006}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=February 2025}}

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Ayya
* [[Rakshita]] as Suchitra
* [[Hema Choudhary]]
* [[Srinagar Kitty]]
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
* Dharma
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Shobaraj (Kannada Actor)|Shobhraj]]
* Bhavya Bhuvanahalli Chandre gowda
* [[Mandeep Roy]]
* Ramesh Pandit as Seetharama
}}

==Production==
Ayya marks the third collaboration of [[Om Prakash Rao]] with [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] after [[Annavru]] and [[Kalasipalya]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by actor [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] collaborating with [[Om Prakash Rao]] for the second time after [[Sahukara]] (2004) (other than acting) and his first collaboration with [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]].
{{Infobox album
| name = Ayya
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 11 January 2005
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:56
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| prev_title = [[Malla (film)|Malla]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Panduranga Vittala]]
| next_year = 2005
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Track # !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
|-
| 1 || "Kettode Kettode" || [[L. N. Shastry]], Suma Shastry || 03:59
|-
| 2 || "Tabla Tabla" || [[Udit Narayan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] || 04:52
|-
| 3 || "Simha Gharjane" || [[Hemanth Kumar]] || 04:46
|-
| 4 || "Surya Jothe" || L. N. Shastry || 04:37
|-
| 5 || "Ee Prema" || Udit Narayan, [[Archana Udupa]] || 04:26
|-
| 6 || "Rakshita Rakshita" || Badri Prasad, [[Manjula Gururaj]] || 04:00
|-
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "Over all, Ayya is what they call a timepass movie".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ayya/20050211.htm|title=Ayya is a collage of popular non-Kannada films|work=[[Rediff.com]]|author=R G Vijayasarathy|date=11 February 2005}}</ref> SND of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote "There are loads of action scenes and the dialogues are catchy. There are also some references to the nexus between politicians and rowdies. The director has worked hard to include all important ‘masala’ ingredients to attract audiences to the film, especially Darshan’s fans".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb132005/mr6.asp|date=13 February 2005|website=Deccan Herald|title=Ayya|last=SND|access-date=27 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523052934/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb132005/mr6.asp|archive-date=23 May 2006}}</ref>

==Legacy==
The dialogue "Naan convent alli odi police agiddalla. Corporation school alli odi police aagiddu" (Means, "I have not become a police officer by studying in the convent, I am a police officer who studied in corporation school"), became popular in Karnataka.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|27988743}}

{{V. Ravichandran}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayya (2005 film)}}
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2005 action films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by Om Prakash Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Ravichandran]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language action films]]

{{2000s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Idolle Ramayana

2026-03-03T21:25:22Z

Tanwarpal Singh: enhanced article further and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Idolle Ramayana
| image = Idolle Ramayana.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster of the Kannada version
| director = [[Prakash Raj]]
| based_on = [[Shutter (2012 film)|Shutter]] (Malayalam)
| producer = Prakash Raj Ramjee Narasiman
| screenplay = Prakash Raj
| story = [[Joy Mathew]]
| starring = Prakash Raj [[Priyamani]] [[Achyuth Kumar]] Aravind Kuplika [[Rangayana Raghu]] [[Raghubabu]] [[Prudhviraj]] Aravind Kuplikar [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = Mukes
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[Duet Movies|Prakash Raj Productions]] First Copy Pictures
| distributor = Mysore Talkies (Kannada) [[Abhishek Pictures]] (Telugu)
| released = {{Film date|2016|10|07|df=y}}
| runtime = 111 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Idolle Ramayana''''' ({{translation|It's a good [[Ramayana]]}}) in [[Kannada]], shot simultaneously in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as '''''Mana Oori Ramayanam''''' ({{translation|Our village's Ramayana}}), is a 2016 Indian [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Prakash Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ytalkies.com/sandalwood-film-news/prakash-raj-to-direct-idolle-ramayana|title=Prakash Raj to direct Idolle Ramayana|last=|first=|date=|website=YK Talkies|publisher=|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005080509/http://www.ytalkies.com/sandalwood-film-news/prakash-raj-to-direct-idolle-ramayana|archive-date=5 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sandalwoodplus.com/news/397-prakash-rai-s-next-directorial-is-idolle-ramayana|title=Prakash-rai-s-next-directorial-is-idolle-ramayana|last=|first=|date=|website=Sandalwoodplus|publisher=|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015095346/http://www.sandalwoodplus.com/news/397-prakash-rai-s-next-directorial-is-idolle-ramayana|archive-date=15 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was produced by Prakash himself with Ramjee Narasiman under Prakash Raj Productions and First Copy Pictures. The film is a remake of 2012 Malayalam film ''[[Shutter (2012 film)|Shutter]]'' with Jogi and Raman Gopisetti writing the dialogues for both versions simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Shutterdulai-First-Remake-in-Tulu/2016/02/18/article3282609.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091243/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Shutterdulai-First-Remake-in-Tulu/2016/02/18/article3282609.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2016|title=Shutterdulai, First Remake in Tulu}}</ref>

The film is shot in two languages, Kannada and Telugu, each with a slightly different cast. It stars [[Prakash Raj]] and [[Priyamani]] with [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Raghubabu]], [[Prudhviraj]], Aravind Kuplikar and [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] portraying supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/idolle-ramayana/cast-crew.html|title=Idolle Ramayana — Cast & Crew|last=|first=|date=|website=Filmibeat|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> The film's soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. Both versions were released worldwide on 7 October 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Idolle-Ramayana/movie-review/54736638.cms|title=Idolle Ramayana Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film is set against the backdrop of the Rama Navami festival. Bhujanga is a businessman who returned from Gulf is highly respected in his hometown. Bhujanga has invested in a small commercial property next to his house, which he has let out to the shopkeepers and except one of his shops lies vacant. He is short-tempered and doesn't want his daughter to study further and wants her to get married. His anger increases when his daughter is arrested for staging a protest, during the time he meets his friends every evening inside the vacant shop and they bond every night over a few drinks.

Bhujanga sees a prostitute Susheela and wants to bond with her, however, despite his intentions Bhujanga gets scared fearing that his reputation will be tarnished. During one such evening, Shiva an auto-rickshaw driver and a friend of Rajeeva brings the prostitute and locks her along with Bhujanga inside the vacant shop promising to unlock the shop shutter after they spend some time together inside the locked shop.

Meanwhile, Shiva meets one of his passengers, a film director, who had forgotten his bag in Shiva's autorickshaw that morning. Shiva told him he saw the bag, but he had left that inside the locked shop shutter, and that he will go back and get the bag and come. Director on knowing that he would get his bag back celebrates by offering a couple of drinks to Shiva, however, both get into trouble with the cops for drunken driving and fails to return that night to open the shutter as promised to Bhujanga. They both get released in the morning as inspector Ramdas is a good friend of the director. But Shiva could not come to unlock the shutter that night as well due to certain circumstances. This way Bhujanga and Susheela are forced to spend a couple of nights together inside the locked shutter waiting for Shiva's return to unlock it.

Trapped inside the shutter, Bhujanga through what he hears from outside learns many lessons about the real face of people who he had earlier considered as friends and foes and his attitude about many things in life changes. His initial disgust towards Susheela's apparent lack of manners also slowly goes away as he realises she is a good soul after all.

In the end, somebody unlocks the shutter and they both come out from the shutter. But they don't see anyone around and do not understand who opened the shutter. Bhujanga is confused and he goes into a home where he learns from his daughter that she had her friend open the lock. She indicates she knows everything but did not reveal it to everyone and trusts that her father is a good man whatever may happen. Bhujanga is moved by this and his experiences inside the shutter and he decides to postpone his daughter's marriage and allow her to study. The Director is seen to have got back the script from Susheela (while not explicitly revealing how they are related), as Susheela had earlier found the script inside the bag inside the shutter. But he decides to make a film on her incidents which happened in the shutter.

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%;"
! Actor (Kannada) !! Actor (Telugu) !! Role
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Prakash Raj]] ||Bhujanga
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Priyamani]] ||Susheela
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Teju Belawadi ||Bhujanga's daughter
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Sudha Belawadi]] ||Bhujanga's wife
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Bhargavi Narayan]] ||Bhujanga's mother-in-law
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|Aravind Kuplikar ||style="text-align:center;"|[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] ||Shiva
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Rangayana Raghu]] ||style="text-align:center;"|[[Raghu Babu]]||Police inspector
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Achyuth Kumar]] ||style="text-align:center;"|[[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]] ||film director
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Ramesh Pandit ||Broker
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Shivajirao Jadhav||Tailor
|-
|}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Idolle Ramayana Mana Oori Ramayanam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|09}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada Telugu
| label = D Beats (Kannada) a Music (Telugu)
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Kuttrame Thandanai]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Daffadar (film)|Daffadar]]
| next_year = 2016
}}Soundtrack has only one song composed and sung by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. Just for one song the movie company released CD (Compact Disc) in both languages. It is one of the first.
{{Track listing|extra_column=Singer|title1=Idolle Ramayana|note1=Kannada Song|extra1=Ilaiyaraaja|title2=Mana Oori Ramayanam|note2=Telugu Song|extra2=Ilaiyaraaja|title3=|length3=|writer3=|extra3=|title4=|note4=|writer4=|extra4=|total_length=|lyrics1=Jayant Kaikini|lyrics2=Bhaskarabhatla Ravikumar⁠⁠⁠⁠|length1=3:05|writer1=|length2=3:06|writer2=|note3=}}

==Critical reception==
;Kannada version
''Times of India'' wrote "This film is a definite must-watch for those who want cinema that doesn’t have the usual action, song and dance routines and look for a good storyline. The performances are the cherry on the cake here."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Idolle-Ramayana/movie-review/54736638.cms|title=Idolle Ramayana Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref> ''The Hindu'' wrote "For those who have not watched the original, Idolle Ramayana offers a different experience, as it is rooted in nativity."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/idolle-ramayana-a-simple-yet-effective-remake/article9198530.ece|title=Idolle Ramayana: A simple, yet effective remake|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|date=2016-10-08|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref> ''Bangalore Mirror'' wrote "The film makes you laugh and sympathise at the plight of the characters. But what it lacks is a heartwarming experience because it is so clinically made and sanitised."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-Review-Idolle-Ramayana/articleshow/54753451.cms|title=Movie Review {{!}} Idolle Ramayana — Bangalore Mirror -|newspaper=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

;Telugu version
''Sify'' wrote "Mana Oori Ramayanam is a moral fable told with deft direction by Prakash Raj. Priyamani's excellent performance is mainstay. Despite its length and slow pace, the middle portion makes an engrossing watch."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/mana-oori-ramayanam-review-priyamani-s-performance-is-mainstay-review-malayalam-qkhqsGfadiccc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010212127/http://www.sify.com/movies/mana-oori-ramayanam-review-priyamani-s-performance-is-mainstay-review-malayalam-qkhqsGfadiccc.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 October 2016|title=Mana Oori Ramayanam review: Priyamani's performance is mainstay|newspaper=Sify|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt6117158|Idolle Ramayana}}
{{Prakash Raj}}

[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:2016 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2016 drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language drama films]]

E (2017 film)

2026-03-03T20:34:17Z

Tanwarpal Singh: fixes

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = E
| image = E 2017 film.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Kukku Surendran
| producer = [[Sangeeth Sivan]] Amin Surani 
Saahil Surani
| story = Rohan Bajaj Amin Surani
| screenplay = {{startplainlist}}
* Rohan Bajaj
* [[Hari Kumar K]]
{{endplainlist}}
| based_on = ''The Unknown'' by Rohan Bajaj
| music = [[Rahul Raj]]
| cinematography = Manoj Pillai
| editing = Ayub Khan
| studio = A.S Productions
| distributor = Carnival Motion Pictures Worldwide
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|08|18|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/e-2017.html|title=E (2017) (2017) | e (2017) Movie | e (2017) (E Malayalam Movie) Malayalam Movie Cast & Crew, Release Date, Review, Photos, Videos}}</ref>}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''E''''' is an Indian [[Malayalam language]] [[Supernatural horror film]] directed by Kukku Surendran starring [[Gautami Tadimalla]] in lead role.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2017/e-malayalam-movie-this-will-be-gautami-s-comeback-movie-in-malayalam-257616.html|title=CONFIRMED! This Will Be Gautami's Comeback Movie in Malayalam!|date=2017-03-30|work=www.filmibeat.com|access-date=2017-04-07|language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Sangeeth Sivan]] and Amin Surani, the story is written by Rohan Bajaj and Amin Surani.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.topmovierankings.com/news/gautami-tadimalla-is-returning-for-e|title=Gautami Tadimalla is returning for E- Sangeeth Sivan, Kukku S|work=www.topmovierankings.com|access-date=2017-04-07|language=en|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411103335/https://www.topmovierankings.com/news/gautami-tadimalla-is-returning-for-e/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The screenplay has been penned down by Rohan Bajaj and [[Hari Kumar K]]. The film's title was announced in January 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/sangeeth-sivankukku-surendran-horror-movie-title-unveiled--malayalam-news-176587.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116095755/http://www.indiaglitz.com/sangeeth-sivankukku-surendran-horror-movie-title-unveiled--malayalam-news-176587.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 January 2017|title=IndiaGlitz - Sangeeth SivanKukku Surendran horror movie title unveiled! - Malayalam Movie News|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref> and principal photography began on 26 March 2017 in [[Haripad]], [[Kerala]]. Manoj Pillai handles the cinematography while [[Rahul Raj]] composes the original songs and background score. The film released theatrically on 18 August 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/six-new-malayalam-releases-today-aug-18-news-malayalam-riskiXdcfiijj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173818/http://www.sify.com/movies/six-new-malayalam-releases-today-aug-18-news-malayalam-riskiXdcfiijj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 August 2017|title=Six new Malayalam releases today (Aug 18)|work=Sify|access-date=2017-08-18|language=en}}</ref>

== Plot==
Karthik (Ashiq Ameer), Aru (Meera Nair), Jenny (Kalyani Vidya) and Hari (Balaji Jayarajan) are four friends. Karthik plans on making a documentary on Alzheimer's and visits Alex (Dain Davis) for the same. All five of them go to Karthik's old teacher's tharavadu for the shooting. Karthik's teacher Malathi teacher (Gautami) and her daughter Athira (Nitya Naresh) live a traditional life with temple, music and yoga. Also Athira was Karthik's childhood sweetheart. Malathi teacher has Alzheimer's and is supported by Athira. But after some days of their arrival, they start facing paranormal activities and understand that Malathi teacher is possessed by a spirit named Bhargavan. Jenny receives a book from a box in which a symbol is present. Athira realizes that the symbol is present on the back of her neck and shows it to Karthik proving that she was the third girl who was to be sacrificed by Bhargavan for the process of immortality since the symbol will only be present on the third girl to be sacrificed meaning the first two girls were killed. Then they understand that Bhargavan was killed by Malathi teacher for hypnotizing Athira and trying to sacrifice her in her childhood. To remove Bhargavan's spirit from Malathi they had to find Bhargavan's bones and had to destroy it in fire before Pournami night which was the very same day. They find the bones with the help of Anna's (Elsamma's daughter) paintings. But Bhargavan(Malathi) hypnotizes Anna and brings her for the sacrifice. Before Anna gets killed Karthik burns his bones thus destroying Bhargavan's spirit. The film ends by showing Karthik, Aru, Jenny, Hari and Alex leaving when Malathi teacher asks about when they are going to come again to the tharavadu for the completing the shooting to which Aru replies that they will surely return looking at Karthik and Athira meaning that they have fallen in love.

== Cast ==
* [[Gautami]] as Malathi Menon
* Ashiq Ameer as Karthik
* Balaji Jayarajan as Hari
* [[Dain Davis]] as Alex
* Kalyani Vidya as Jenny
* Meera Nair P.S as Aru
* Nithya Naresh as Athira
* [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1988)|Anjali Nair]] as Elsamma
* Sathyajith
* Kalesh
* [[Hari Kumar K]] as Mr. Menon
* Adv. Dr. Kriss Venugopal as Bhargavan

== Production ==
Sangeeth Sivan announced the film in early 2017, as a story was developed from a pitch given by his Bollywood writing collaborator Rohan Bajaj. He roped in his former assistant Kukku Surendran as the director, [[Hari Kumar K]] as screenwriter, [[Gautami]] as the lead actress and [[Rahul Raj]] as the composer. Subsequently, Manoj Pillai and Ayoob Khan were signed as the cinematographer and editor respectively.

The filming commenced in March 2017. The film will see several young actors making their debut in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.topmovierankings.com/news/gautami-tadimalla-is-returning-for-e|title=Gautami Tadimalla is returning for E- Sangeeth Sivan, Kukku S|work=www.topmovierankings.com|access-date=2017-04-07|language=en|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411103335/https://www.topmovierankings.com/news/gautami-tadimalla-is-returning-for-e/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film's [[background score|original background score]] and songs are [[composer|composed]], [[Arrangement|arranged]] and [[Record producer|produced]] by [[Rahul Raj]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/030117/sangeeth-sivan-produces-horror-thriller-in-mollywood.html?fromNewsdog=1|title=Sangeeth Sivan produces horror thriller in Mollywood|date=2017-01-03|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=2017-04-07|language=en}}</ref>

The soundtrack release featured four original songs from the movie. The lyrics for all songs were written by [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]. 
'''Tracklist'''
#"Pranavaakaaram" - Saritha Ram
#"Arupathu Maram" - Sunil Mathayi, Vaishakh Ch, Vipin Xavier and Aparna Rajeev
#"Divaayaanam" - [[Rahul Raj]]
#"Ellake Ellake" -

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Films shot in Alappuzha]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2017 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rahul Raj]]
[[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2017 horror films]]

Pandaga

2026-03-03T18:25:12Z

Tanwarpal Singh: started new post first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pandaga
| image = Pandaga VCD cover.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| writer = [[Posani Krishna Murali]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Maniswarnur
| screenplay = Sarath
| producer = Ch. R. B. Chowdary
| director = Sarath
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = M. Sudarshan Reddy
| editing = D. Venkataratnam
| studio = Jayasri Art Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1998|05|1}}
| runtime = 139 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pandaga''''' ({{translation}} Festival) is a 1998 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Sarath. It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]] and music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=GVK |date=1 September 2021 |title=అది నిజంగా కన్నుల 'పండగ' ...!! |trans-title=Pandaga is indeed a feast to the eyes |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994406225/that-was-really-a-big-festival-to-audiance- |work=India Herald |language=te}}</ref> It is produced under the Jayasri Art Pictures banner. It is a remake of the Malayalam film ''[[Katha Nayakan]]'' (1997).

==Plot==
The film begins with Suryadevara Lakshmi Raghava Vara Prasad, a top-tier person who holds high esteem in society. He is also paterfamilias to a large extended joint family who is single, shoulders his 5 sisters and their respective families. However, they usurp his wealth under the guise of serving him. Once, a valiant Anand rescues Vara Prasad from a few burglars. Just after, he is impressed by Anand's virtue and appoints him as his house manager. For now, Anand wins Vara Prasad's credence and obtains household authority. Besides, Prameela, one of the nieces of Vara Prasad's piety, quarrels with Anand. After some time, Vara Prasad realizes Anand is a forge that trapped him with his excellence, so he boots him. Thereupon, he notices his ex-lover Vijayalakshmi's photograph with him. Here, as a flabbergast, it is revealed that Anand is Vara Prasad's son who walked in to pay back his father for deceiving his mother. Soon, Vara Prasad clarified that it was an error of fortune. So, Anand proclaims Vara Prasad to accept him as his son when he dichotomizes as his honor & family prestige obstruct him. But Anand challenges to divulge the reality. At that moment, Prameela overhears it and apologizes to Anand, and they fall in love. After that, Anand creates chaos in the family and brings out the true faces of his sly relatives. Meanwhile, Vara Prasad decides to declare his heir on his 60th birthday, and ultimately, he affirms the actuality. Learning it, Vara Prasad's sisters accuse him and their riffraff husbands of poisoning him, but on time, Anand saves his father. At last, Vara Prasad handovers his property to them and is ready to leave when they all plead pardon and change his intention. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Anand & Prameela.

==Cast==
{{div col}}
* [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Vara Prasad{{efn|Character's full name is Suryadevara Lakshmi Raghava Vara Prasad.}}
* [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Anand
* [[Raasi (actress)|Raasi]] as Prameela
* [[Basavaraju Venkata Padmanabha Rao|Padmanabham]] as Vara Prasad's brother-in-law
* [[Mannava Balayya|M. Balayya]] as Raghava
* [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Military Officer
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Sai Babu
* [[Babu Mohan]] as Saidulu
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Mallayya
* [[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Venu
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Venkateswara Rao
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Sambasiva Rao
* Costumes Krishna as Radha Krishna
* [[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula|Chitti Babu]]
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Prasad's nephew
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]]
* [[Bandla Ganesh]] as Ganesh
* [[Tirupathi Prakash]] as Prasad's nephew
* [[Subbaraya Sharma]] as Lawyer
* K. K. Sarma
* [[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Anasuya
* [[Rama Prabha]] as Prabhavati
* [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Srilakshmi]] as Rukmini
* [[Shanoor Sana]]
* [[Rajitha]]
* [[Kalpana Rai]] as Servant
* [[Nirmalamma]] as Koteshwaramma
* [[Y. Vijaya]] as Savitri
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pandaga
| type = film
| artist = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1998
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 22:40
| label = Supreme Music
| producer = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| prev_title = [[Kondattam]]
| prev_year = 1998
| next_title = [[Zakhm]]
| next_year = 1998
}}

Music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. Music released on Supreme Music Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Pandaga-songs-A0000747 |title=Pandaga Songs |work=Raaga}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:40
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Kondameeda Vendi Vennela
| lyrics1 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length1 = 4:55

| title2 = Ko Ko Kopama
| lyrics2 = Chandrabose
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length2 = 4:01

| title3 = Bagundammo
| lyrics3 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]
| extra3 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Chitra
| length3 = 4:49

| title4 = Ooriki Cheppaku
| lyrics4 = Chandrabose
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length4 = 4:19

| title5 = Mudda Banthulu
| lyrics5 = Chandrabose
| extra5 = Mano, Chitra
| length5 = 4:09
}}

==Reception==
Griddaluru Gopalrao of ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' gave a positive review for the film. He praised the performance of Nageswara Rao in particular in addition to Srikanth, Bharani and Babu Mohan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopalrao |first=Griddaluru |language= te|date=15 May 1998 |title=పండగ పసందుగా ఉంది |trans-title=Pandaga is good |pages=9, 12 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1998/May/15-May-1998.pdf}}</ref> In a retrospective review, GVK of ''India Herald'' wrote that director Sarath has executed emotional scenes with heart.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/pandaga.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990129060543/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/pandaga.htm | archive-date=29 January 1999 | title=Reviews }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt1579852}}

{{Sarath (director)}}
{{Posani Krishna Murali}}

[[Category:1998 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:1998 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sarath]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Malayalam films]]

Apaharan

2026-03-03T11:56:11Z

Tanwarpal Singh: general rework references after review and improved wording for clarity

{{For|the web series|Apharan (web series)}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Apaharan
| image = Apaharan.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prakash Jha]]
| producer = Prakash Jha
| screenplay = Prakash Jha [[Manoj Tyagi]] [[Shridhar Raghavan]]
| story = Prakash Jha
| starring = [[Ajay Devgn]] [[Nana Patekar]] [[Bipasha Basu]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Aadesh Shrivastava]] '''Score:''' Wayne Sharpe
| cinematography = Arvind Kumar
| editing = Santosh Mandal
| studio = Entertainment One Prakash Jha Productions Holi Cow Pictures
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|12|2|}}
| runtime = 173 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|231.6 million}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=274|title= Apaharan – Movie |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
| native_name =
}}

'''''Apaharan''''' ({{Translation|Abduction}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[crime drama film]] written and directed by [[Prakash Jha]]. The film stars [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Bipasha Basu]], and [[Nana Patekar]] in the lead roles. It revolves around the complex relationship and clashing ideologies between a father and a son set in the backdrop of the kidnapping industry in the eastern state of [[Bihar]], [[India]].

''Apaharan'' was released on 2 December 2005 and was a commercial success at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-12-19 |title=Film review: 'Apaharan' starring Nana Patekar, Ajay Devgan, Bipasha Basu |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20051219-film-review-apaharan-starring-nana-patekar-ajay-devgan-bipasha-basu-786391-2005-12-18 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2005 |title=Apaharan: A flawed good film |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/02apaharan.htm |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref>

==Plot ==
Ajay Shastri, an unemployed graduate, dreams of joining the police force but faces opposition from his principled father, Raghuvansh Shastri. Desperate, he borrows money and bribes officials, but when his father exposes the corruption, Ajay turns to crime. A failed kidnapping lands him in trouble with Gaya Singh, a henchman of powerful MLA and underworld don Tabrez Alam.

Ajay eventually joins Tabrez's gang and rises to power in Bihar's kidnapping racket. However, political betrayals and his father's moral influence lead him to turn against Tabrez. After being imprisoned, Ajay kills Tabrez when he visits him in jail but is gunned down in return, ending both their lives.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Ajay Devgn]] as Ajay Shastri
* [[Nana Patekar]] as Tabrez Alam
* [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] as Kashinath
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Muralidhar
* [[Bipasha Basu]] as Megha Basu
* [[Khalid Siddiqui]] as Kamal Kishore
* [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] as Gaya Singh
* [[Mohan Agashe]] as Professor Raghuvansh Shastri
* [[Mukesh Tiwari]] as [[Superintendent of police|SP]] Anwar Khan
*[[Daya Shankar Pandey]] as Daya Shankar
* [[Akhilendra Mishra]] as [[Chief Minister]] Brijnath Mishra
* [[Chetan Pandit]] as [[Home Minister]] Dinkar Pandey
* [[Prithvi Zutshi]] as Dwarka
* Saurabh Dubey as Anil Shrivastava
* Sanjay Swaraj as Seth Chandmal
* [[Ashwini Kalsekar]] as Mrs. Khan, Anwar Khan's wife
* [[Anup Soni]] as Akash Ranjan, [[Aaj Tak]] news reporter
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]] as Gaya Singh's crony
* Ehsaan Khan as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DSP]] Veerendra Shukla
* Anil Yadav as Naga
* Deepak Bhatia as Ramdhani Singh
* Brij Gopal as Jagannath Mandal
* Radhakrishna Dutta as Seth Soorajmal
* [[Mukul Nag]] as Usman
* Padam Singh as Dharam Singh
* [[Mrinalini Sharma]] as Sonia
* Vikram Sahu as Megha's father
* Jayashankar Tripathi as Bankalal's brother-in-law
* Arvind Pandey as Sukhi Chacha
* [[Shreechand Makhija]] as Buchchi Kaka, Shastri's servant
* [[Yusuf Hussain]] as Tabrez's advocate
{{div col end}}

==Music==
{| class="wikitable"
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Lyrics
!Music
|-
|"Aaiye Aao Ji Babu"
|[[Sapna Mukherjee]], [[KK (singer)|KK]]
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|[[Aadesh Shrivastava]]
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Award
!Category
!Recipients and nominees
!Result
!Ref.
|-
![[National Film Awards|National Film Awards(India)]]
|Best Screenplay
![[Prakash Jha]], [[Manoj Tyagi]] and [[Shridhar Raghavan]]
|{{won}}
!
|-
![[Filmfare Awards]]
|Best Dialogue
![[Prakash Jha]]
|{{won}}
!
|-
![[Filmfare Awards]]
|Best Villain
![[Nana Patekar]]
|{{won}}
!
|-
!Annual Central European Bollywood Awards (India)
|Best Supporting Actress(Popular Award)
![[Bipasha Basu|Bipasha basu]]
|{{nom}}
!
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0451631}}

[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Prakash Jha]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Bihar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Aadesh Shrivastava]]
[[Category:Crime in Bihar]]
[[Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay National Film Award]]

Vettai Naai

2026-03-03T02:34:42Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating the article w/ refs

{{Short description|2021 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vettai Naai
| image = Vettai Naai poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| director = S. Jai Shankar
| producer = Surabi P. Jothi Murugan
| writer =
| starring = [[R. K. Suresh]] [[Ramki]] [[Subiksha]]
| music = Ganesh Chandrasekaran
| cinematography = Munish M. Easwaran
| editing = Vijay Krishnan
| studio = Surabi Pictures Thaai Movie Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|02|26}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Vettai Naai''''' ({{translation|Hunting Dog}}) is a 2021 [[Tamil language]] action drama film directed by S. Jai Shankar and produced by Surabi P. Jothi Murugan. The film stars [[R. K. Suresh]], [[Ramki]] and [[Subiksha]] in the lead roles. Produced by Surabi Pictures, it was released on 26 February 2021.

== Plot ==
Sekhar ([[R. K. Suresh]]), a small-time rowdy, who seeks redemption post his marriage. How other rowdies and their leader ([[Ramki]]) who were waiting to pounce on him, utilises the situation which affects him and his wife ([[Subiksha]]) forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
*[[R. K. Suresh]] as Sekhar
*[[Ramki]] as Bose
*[[Subiksha]] as Rani
*[[Gautham P. Krishna|Gautham]] as Jomon
*Vijay Karthik
*[[Namo Narayana]]
*[[Rama (actress)|Rama]]
* Vijit Saravanan

== Release and reception==
The film was released across theatres in Tamil Nadu on 26 February 2021. A critic from [[Times of India]] wrote "this done-to-death plot, which has some not-so-bad scenes, falters in execution as they appear staged."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vettai Naai Movie Review: This done-to-death plot, which has some not-so-bad scenes, falters in execution as they appear staged. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vettai-naai/movie-review/81211098.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227040504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vettai-naai/movie-review/81211098.cms |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=28 February 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Critic Malini Mannath noted "''Vettai Naai'' which offers nothing new or appealing to an audience, is a futile attempt to reboot an old theme."<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2021 |title=Review- Vettai Naai |url=https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2021/02/27/review-vettai-naai/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325174230/https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2021/02/27/review-vettai-naai/ |archive-date=25 March 2021 |access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> Reviewers from Tamil newspapers ''Dinamalar'' and ''Maalai Malar'' also gave the film mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=வேட்டை நாய் - விமர்சனம் {2/5} : வேட்டை நாய் - வேட்டை அல்ல - Vettai naai |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3001/Vettai-naai/ |website=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2021 |title=தாதாவிடம் அடியாட்களாக இருப்பவர்களின் நிலைமை - வேட்டை நாய் விமர்சனம் |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2021/02/26194302/2386107/vettai-naai-movie-review-in-tamil.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227115004/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2021/02/26194302/2386107/Vettai-Naai-Movie-Review-in-Tamil.vpf |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=1 March 2021 |website=maalaimalar.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8427190}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2021 action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Belarus at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships

2026-03-02T18:33:04Z

Tanwarpal Singh: Created entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}

== 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships ==
{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = BLR
| year = 2015
| start_date = 18 February
| end_date = 22 February 2015
| games = UCI Track Cycling World Championships
| games_link = 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
| location = [[Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines]], [[France]]
| events =
| competitors = 12
| gold = 0
| silver = 0
| bronze = 0
| rank = -
| appearances = '''Overview page''' Recent: {{Season list one year|prefix=Belarus at the_|suffix=_UCI Track Cycling World Championships}}
| previous =
| next =
}}
[[Belarus]] competed at the [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] in [[Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines]] at the [[Vélodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines]] from 18–22 February 2015. A team of 12 cyclists (6 women, 6 men) was announced to represent the country in the event.<ref>{{cite web |title=Entry list women |url= http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/NewsGeneral/16/85/16/20150212_SQEY_WE_EntryListUCIwebsite_English.PDF |work=UCI |date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Entry list men |url= http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/NewsGeneral/16/85/15/20150212_SQEY_ME_EntryListUCIwebsite_English.PDF |work=UCI |date=12 February 2015}}</ref>

==Results==

===Men===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Event
!Result
!Rank
|-
| [[Aleh Ahiyevich]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's individual pursuit|Men's individual pursuit]] ||4:33.983||align=center|19
|-
| [[Hardzei Tsishchanka]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's scratch|Men's scratch]] ||{{n/a}}||align=center|13
|-
| [[Raman Ramanau]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's points race|Men's points race]] ||16 points||align=center|8
|-
| [[Raman Tsishkou]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's omnium|Men's omnium]] ||159 points||align=center|6
|-
| [[Raman Tsishkou]] [[Raman Ramanau]] [[Yauheni Akhramenka]] [[Hardzei Tsishchanka]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit|Men's team pursuit]] ||4:05.953||align=center|14
|}
Sources<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tissottiming.com/Competition?id=00030C0003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF&sport=CT&year=2015|title=2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships - Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines|work=Sport Result|publisher=[[Tissot|Tissot Timing]]|date=February 2015|access-date=3 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330073120/http://www.tissottiming.com/Competition?id=00030C0003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF&sport=CT&year=2015|archive-date=30 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Women===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Event
!Result
!Rank
|-
| [[Ina Savenka]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's points race|Women's points race]] ||4 points||align=center|11
|-
| [[Tatsiana Sharakova]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's omnium|Women's omnium]] ||131 points||align=center|6
|-
| [[Marina Shmayankova]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's scratch|Women's scratch]] ||{{n/a}}||align=center|21
|-
| [[Ina Savenka]] Volha Antonava [[Polina Pivovarova]] [[Marina Shmayankova]] || [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's team pursuit|Women's team pursuit]] ||4:35.495||align=center|11
|}
Sources<ref name="Tissot"/>

== 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships ==
{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = BLR
| year = 2016
| start_date = 2 March
| end_date = 6 March 2016
| games = UCI Track Cycling World Championships
| games_link = 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
| location = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
| events =
| competitors = 8 (4 men, 4 women)
| gold =
| silver =
| bronze =
| rank =
| appearances = Recent: {{Season list one year|prefix=Belarus at the_|suffix=_UCI Track Cycling World Championships}}
| previous =
| next =
}}
[[Belarus]] competed at the [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] at the [[Lee Valley VeloPark]] in [[London]], United Kingdom from 2–4 March 2016. A team of 8 cyclists (4 women, 4 men) was announced to represent the country in the event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Entry list men|url=http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/News/17/50/64/20160225_LOND_ME_EntryListUCIwebsite_Neutral.PDF|work=UCI|access-date=27 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Entry list women|url=http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/News/17/50/63/20160225_LOND_WE_EntryListUCIwebsite_Neutral.PDF|work=UCI|access-date=27 February 2016}}</ref>

==Results==

===Men===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Event
!Result
!Rank
|-
| [[Mikhail Shemetau]]|| [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's individual pursuit|Men's individual pursuit]] ||259.017||align=center|5
|-
| [[Raman Ramanau]]|| [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's scratch|Men's scratch]] ||{{n/a}}||align=center|4
|-
| [[Raman Ramanau]]|| [[2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's points race|Men's points race]] ||13 points||align=center|6
|}
Sources<ref name=Tissot>{{cite web|url=http://www.tissottiming.com/Competition?id=00030D0001FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF&sport=CT&year=2016|title=2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships - London|work=Sport Result|publisher=[[Tissot|Tissot Timing]]|date=February 2016|access-date=27 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315023059/http://www.tissottiming.com/Competition?id=00030D0001FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF&sport=CT&year=2016|archive-date=15 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Women===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Event
!Result
!Rank
|-
| [[Marina Shmayankova]]|| [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's scratch|Women's scratch]] || {{n/a}} ||align=center|10
|-
| [[Ina Savenka]]|| [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's points race|Women's points race]] ||5 points ||align=center|10
|-
| [[Ina Savenka]] [[Katsiaryna Piatrouskaya]] [[Polina Pivovarova]] [[Marina Shmayankova]]|| [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's team pursuit|Women's team pursuit]] ||04:32.952 ||align=center|11
|-
| [[Tatsiana Sharakova]]|| [[2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's omnium|Women's omnium]] ||73 points ||align=center|15
|}
Sources<ref name="Tissot"/>

==References==
{{Portal|Sports}}
{{reflist}}

{{UCI Track Cycling World Championships}}

[[Category:Nations at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships]]
[[Category:Belarus at cycling events]]

Antonio Sinforiano

2026-02-27T02:47:24Z

Tanwarpal Singh: Creating.

{{Short description|Indian playwright and prompter (1930–1981)}}
{{AI-generated|date=January 2026|reason=Since [[Special:Diff/1221855535|original May 2024 version]]; note [[WP:AISIGNS]] including promotional tone, vocab distribution typical of 2023-2024 LLMs, etc}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Antonio Sinforiano
| image = Antonio Sinforiano.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Fernandes during his youth
| birth_name = Antonio Sinforiano Timotio Luis Fernandes
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|8|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Navelim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| other_names = {{hlist|A. Sinforiano|Sinforiano Fernandes}}
| death_place = [[Varca]], Goa, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1981|3|11|1930|8|22|df=y}}
| education = ''[[High School|Segundo Grau]]'' (Portuguese)
| occupation = {{hlist|Playwright|theatrical producer|ghostwriter|theatre prompter|stagehand}}
| years_active = 1960s–{{circa|1981}}
}}

'''Antonio Sinforiano Timotio Luis Fernandes''' (22 August 1930 – 11 March 1981), known professionally as '''Antonio Sinforiano''' or '''A. Sinforiano''', was an Indian playwright, [[theatrical producer]], [[ghostwriter]], composer, [[prompter (theatre)|prompter]], and [[stagehand]] known for his work in ''[[tiatr]]'' productions staged [[Liberation of Goa|post-liberation]].

==Early life==
Antonio Sinforiano Timotio Luis Fernandes was born on 22 August 1930 in [[Navelim]], [[Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]], to [[landlord]]s Conceiçaõ Manoel Fernandes and Maria Santana Graciana Josefa Rebelo, who hailed from [[Varca]], Goa, into a [[Goan Catholic]] family. Fernandes was the fourth of four children, with his elder brothers Gabriel (born 1923) and Jeronimo "Jerry" (born 1926), and a sister Maria (born 1928).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=30 June 2006 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/Appln/UIL/BirthDeathCertificate_af?__Key=&_Mode=B&__cscKey= |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=Goa Online |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810131321/https://goaonline.gov.in/HomePage |url-status=live}}</ref> After finishing his education at a [[Parochial school|religious school]], Fernandes continued his studies in [[Margão]], where his parents lived. He successfully completed his High School education, known as ''Segundo Grau'', in the Portuguese language.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Fernandes, known for his intellectual prowess and accessibility, was regularly sought out by [[folk play]]wrights and ''[[tiatrist]]s'' (artists specializing in ''[[tiatr]]'' performances) to assess and provide feedback on their scripts. This interaction sparked his interest in ''tiatr'', a distinctive form of [[Goan]] [[musical theater]]. Consequently, Fernandes initiated his involvement in ''tiatr'' by authoring scripts, crafting songs, and offering [[ghostwriting]] services to ''tiatrists'', demonstrating his multifaceted contributions to the theatrical landscape. Driven by his passion for ''tiatr'', he immersed himself in the world of [[theatrical production]]s, taking on the tasks of a [[prompter (theatre)|prompter]] and backstage assistant, embodying the role of a [[stagehand]] in the theater environment. Fernandes remained dedicated to the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater scene, commonly referred to as the ''tiatr'' stage, by independently creating and presenting his own ''tiatrs'' as a [[theatrical producer]]. Among his popular works were ''Rozarachem Kont'' (The Rosary Beads), directed by Konkani singer and writer [[Kid Boxer]], ''Maim, Tum Asli Zalear'' (Mother, If You Were There), ''Oso Cholta Ho Sounsar'' (This Is How the World Works), ''Disop Vortounam Zavop'', ''Map Bhortoch Vot'ta'', and others.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Da Costa |first=Fausto V. |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=241, 243}}</ref> On 5 November 1972, Fernandes presented his self-written and directed ''tiatr'', ''Boreponn'' (Goodness), near [[Nuvem]] church. The staging of this ''tiatr'' production was made possible with the assistance of the Santos Sports Club. The cast included Babina, Luiza, [[Clara Dias]], Jephsis Hitler, Lucian, Greg de Candolim, Valento Luis Rod, C de Sanquelim, Roam-Rem-Rod, Domnic Vaz, Lume Gomes, [[C. D'Silva]], [[Master Vaz]], Albert de Cana, and J X Miranda. Luciano served as the [[stage manager]], while the music arrangements were executed by Alex's band.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=320, 324, 343 |language=en |access-date=2024-05-02 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the period in which Fernandes was active, the Konkani ''tiatr'' stage saw a significant reliance on prompters for the delivery of dialogues by performers. These prompters, including Fernandes, were engaged by directors and played a vital role in the production process. Their primary responsibility was to provide timely cues to the performers, ensuring that the lines were delivered accurately and on time. Prompters like Fernandes<ref name=":1" /> possessed the ability to convey the precise emotional nuances required for each [[Character (arts)|character]], enhancing the overall performance. The demand for prompters of Fernandes' caliber was substantial, and directors would secure their services well in advance, starting from the [[rehearsal]] stage and continuing throughout the entire duration of the performances. Fernandes and his contemporaries frequently traveled with the ''tiatr'' [[theatrical troupe|troupes]], joining them as they performed in diverse locations. In addition to their prompting duties, prompters often provided valuable input by offering suggestions and making necessary corrections to the dialogues. The role of prompters extended beyond dialogue delivery. In addition to overseeing the ''tiatr'' program, they were in charge of managing [[Scenic design|stage transitions]], coordinating the availability of [[prop]]s, and other essential elements necessary for a successful ''tiatr'' performance. Their meticulous attention to detail and careful approach were instrumental in ensuring the smooth and seamless execution of the ''tiatr'' show. What made Fernandes stand out among other prompters was his versatility as a writer and composer. In addition to his prompter responsibilities, he possessed the talent to create original content and compose music for the ''tiatr''.<ref name=":0" />

Fernandes played a significant role in fostering and promoting emerging talents within the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''[[tiatr]]'' community. One notable individual he supported was [[Clara Dias]], an actress and singer who made her debut on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] during the early 1960s. Fernandes offered her encouragement and guidance during the early stages of her career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2011-10-21 |title=Winning hearts with her acting prowess – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2011/10/21/magazines/buzz/ilive-winning-hearts-her-acting-prowess/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118113017/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2011/10/21/magazines/buzz/ilive-winning-hearts-her-acting-prowess/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Moreover, he actively sought to introduce promising artists in his own [[theatrical production]]s. For instance, he provided a platform for [[Josephine Dias]], daughter of playwright Casiano, to make her first appearance on the commercial ''tiatr'' stage in the 1960s with the production ''Maim Tum Asli Zalear'' (Mother, If You Were There).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2023-07-18 |title=Golden years in tiatr – The Navhind Times |work=The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2023/07/18/magazines/buzz/golden-years-in-tiatr/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718133733/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2023/07/18/magazines/buzz/golden-years-in-tiatr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Fernandes also played a pivotal role in providing opportunities for aspiring ''tiatr'' artist [[Eddie Mascarenhas]]. In one of his ''tiatr'' performances held at the Colva Fama, also known as ''Fama De Menino Jesus'', Fernandes afforded Mascarenhas the chance to showcase his singing talent. Mascarenhas received admiration from the audience for his rendition, effectively launching his career in the Konkani ''tiatr'' industry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De Souza |first=Daniel F. |date=2013-05-18 |title=Thoddea utrancho ani hanstea sobhavacho Eddie Bab |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/18_may_avaz |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Amcho Avaz via [[O Heraldo]] |language=gom |archive-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826080650/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/18_may_avaz |url-status=live }}</ref> Furthermore, Fernandes made contributions to the ''tiatr'' community beyond his own productions. On 4 February 1967, he assumed the role of a [[stage manager]] for the ''tiatr'' production ''Adim Chintunk Nam!'' (Didn't Think Before).<ref name=":1" /> Later in his career, Fernandes became involved in theater competitions, serving as a judge for the [[Kala Academy]] Goa's 3rd Tiatr Competition held during the 1976–1977 season. This competition took place across three venues: the Kala Academy Theatre in [[Panjim]], Gomant Vidya Niketan in [[Margao]], and Zopha Mandop in [[Canacona]]. Collaborating with judges Krishna L. Moye and Albert Carvalho, Fernandes contributed his expertise to evaluate the performances showcased in the competition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1974–1975 |title=KALA ACADEMY GOA 1st Tiatr 'A' Group Competition 1974–1975 |url=https://kalaacademygoa.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Tiatr-A-Group-Competition-Programme-Results.pdf |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Kala Academy Goa |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212055954/https://kalaacademygoa.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Tiatr-A-Group-Competition-Programme-Results.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Fernandes was recognized for his erudition and intellectual pursuits. During his formative years, he relocated to [[Margão]], [[Goa]], where he pursued his high school education while residing with his parents. However, at the age of 48, around the year 1978, he decided to leave the city and establish his residence in [[Varca]], Goa, his mother's hometown. Fernandes's older brother, Jeronimo<ref name=":2" /> "Jerry," decided to pursue a similar path, starting out as a [[prompter (theatre)|prompter]] and [[stagehand|backstage assistant]] before transitioning to become a playwright and director. Additionally, Fernandes's sister-in-law, Filomena Lopes, who entered into matrimony with Jerry, actively participated in the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]] as an actress and singer. After their wedding, she took part in the theatrical performances produced by Fernandes.<ref name=":0" />

According to Fausto V. Da Costa, the author of ''Tiatr 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume'', Fernandes died on 11 March 1981, at the age of 50, at his residence in Varca. However, a death certificate bearing similarities to Fernandes's and his father's names indicates an alternate account, suggesting that he may have died at the [[Goa Medical College]] in [[Bambolim]], Goa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 1981 |title=Directorate of planning, statistics and evaluation and office of the chief registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123154022/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/ErrorPage/500.htm?aspxerrorpath=/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |archive-date=23 January 2024 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> The absence of [[secondary source]]s makes it challenging to corroborate this claim. Initially, Da Costa had stated in his writings that Fernandes was born in the village of Varca;<ref name=":0" /> however, the birth certificate points to his birthplace as the town of [[Navelim]], Goa.<ref name=":2" /> Consequently, uncertainty lingers regarding the precise location of Fernandes's death.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinforiano, Antonio}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Goa]]

Sardarsinhji

2026-02-26T19:48:46Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating first info nd citations!

{{short description|Maharana of Danta (1859–1860)}}
{{infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharana]]
| succession = [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]]
| reign = {{circa|1859}} – {{circa|1860}}
| predecessor = [[Zalamsinhji]]
| successor = [[Harisinhji]]
| death_date = {{circa|1860}}
| father = [[Zalamsinhji]]
| dynasty = [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]]
}}
'''Sardarsinhji''' was the [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]] from 1859 until 1860.

== Biography ==
Sardarsinhji was born to [[Zalamsinhji]], the [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]], and upon the death of his father in 1859, he ascended the throne of [[Danta State|Danta]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=DANTA |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/danta.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803184937/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/danta.html |archive-date=2017-08-03 |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Master |first=Framroz Sorabji |url=http://archive.org/details/mahikanthadirect00mast |title=The Mahi Kantha directory |date=1922 |publisher=Rajkot : [s.n.] |others=University of California Libraries |pages=160}}</ref> His reign was short-lived, as he died six months after his accession and was succeeded by his uncle [[Harisinhji]] on the throne.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1860 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]

50th Filmfare Awards

2026-02-12T15:24:31Z

Tanwarpal Singh:

{{Short description|2005 awards for Hindi cinema}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 50
| award = Filmfare Awards
| website = {{URL|http://www.filmfare.com}}
| image =
| caption =
| date = 26 February 2005
| site = MMRDA Grounds, [[Bandra Kurla Complex]], [[Mumbai]]
| host = [[Saif Ali Khan]]
| producer =
| director =
| best_film = ''[[Veer-Zaara]]''
| best_critic = ''[[Dev (2004 film)|Dev]]'' and ''[[Yuva]]''
| most_wins = ''Yuva'' (6)
| most_nominations = ''Veer-Zaara'' (15)
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]]
| duration =
| ratings =
| last = 49th
| next = 51st
}}
The '''50th [[Filmfare Awards]]''', honoring [[Cinema of India]], took place on 26 February 2005 in [[Mumbai]]. This was the awards' golden jubilee year and to commemorate the occasion, the Filmfare award trophy (the Black Lady statue) was made in gold. Moreover, a special award, Best Film in 50 Years, was also presented to [[Ramesh Sippy]]'s ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975).<ref>{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards Winners From 1953 to 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' led the ceremony with 15 nominations, followed by ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' with 12 nominations, ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' and ''[[Swades]]'' with 8 nominations, and ''[[Yuva]]'' with 7 nominations each.

''Yuva'' earned 6 awards, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (for [[Abhishek Bachchan]]) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (for [[Rani Mukerji|Rani Mukherji]]), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

[[Shah Rukh Khan]] received triple nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] for his performances in ''Main Hoon Na'', ''Swades'' and ''Veer-Zaara'', winning for ''Swades''.

[[Akshay Kumar]] received dual nominations for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' and ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'', but lost to Abhishek Bachchan who won the award for ''Yuva''.

Rani Mukherji set an unmatched record, becoming the only actress to win both popular female acting awards in the same year, winning [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for ''Hum Tum'' and Best Supporting Actress for ''Yuva.'' She also received an additional Best Supporting Actress nomination for her performance in ''Veer-Zaara''.

==Main awards==
*The winners are listed first and indicated in '''boldface'''.
[[File:Kunal Kohli at India International Film Tourism Conclave 2018.jpg|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Kunal Kohli]], Best Director winner]]
[[File:Shah Rukh crop.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Shah Rukh Khan]], Best Actor winner]]
[[File:Rani.Mukerji.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Rani Mukerji]], Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress winner]]
[[File:Abhishek Bachchan launch 'YOMICS' 06 (cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Abhishek Bachchan]], Best Supporting Actor winner]]
[[File:RajeshKhanna.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Rajesh Khanna]], Lifetime Achievement Awardee]]

=== Main Awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
*'''''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' '''
*''[[Dhoom]]''
*''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''
*''[[Main Hoon Na]]''
*''[[Swades]]''
| valign="top" |
*'''[[Kunal Kohli]] – ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' '''
*[[Ashutosh Gowariker]] – ''[[Swades]]''
*[[Farah Khan]] – ''[[Main Hoon Na]]''
*[[Farhan Akhtar]] – ''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]''
*[[Rajkumar Santoshi]] – ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]''
*[[Yash Chopra]] – ''[[Veer-Zaara]]''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
*'''[[Shah Rukh Khan]] – ''[[Swades]]'' ''' as Mohan Bhargava
*[[Amitabh Bachchan]] – ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' as D.C.P. Anand K. Srivastava
*[[Irrfan Khan]] – ''[[Maqbool]]'' as Miyan Maqbool
*[[Hrithik Roshan]] – ''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]'' as Karan Shergill
*[[Saif Ali Khan]] – ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' as Karan Kapoor
*[[Shah Rukh Khan]] – ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' as Major Ram Prasad Sharma
*[[Shah Rukh Khan]] – ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' as Squadron Leader Veer Pratap Singh
| valign="top" |
*'''[[Rani Mukerji]] – ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' ''' as Rhea Prakash
*[[Aishwarya Rai]] – ''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]'' as Neerja
*[[Preity Zinta]] – ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' as Zaara Hayaat Khan
*[[Shilpa Shetty]] – ''[[Phir Milenge (2004 film)|Phir Milenge]]'' as Tamanna Sahni
*[[Urmila Matondkar]] – ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (film)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'' as Sarika Vartak
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| valign="top"|
*'''[[Abhishek Bachchan]] – ''[[Yuva]]''''' as Lallan Singh
*[[Akshay Kumar]] – ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' as S.I. Shekhar Verma
*Akshay Kumar – ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' as Sunny
*[[Amitabh Bachchan]] – ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' as Choudhary Sumer Singh
*[[Zayed Khan]] – ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' as Lakshman Prasad "Lucky" Sharma
| valign="top"|
*'''[[Rani Mukerji]] – ''[[Yuva]]'' '''as Shashi Lal Biswas
*[[Amrita Rao]] – ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' as Sanjana Bakshi
*[[Divya Dutta]] – ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' as Shabana 'Shabbo' Ibrahim
*[[Priyanka Chopra]] – ''[[Aitraaz]]'' as Sonia Roy
*Rani Mukerji – ''Veer-Zaara'' as Saamiya Siddiqui
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance in a Negative Role]]
|-
| valign="top"|
* '''[[Saif Ali Khan]] – ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' ''' as Karan Kapoor
* [[Akshay Kumar]] – ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' as Sunny
*[[Arshad Warsi]] – ''[[Hulchul (2004 film)|Hulchul]]''
*[[Boman Irani]] – ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' as Principal
*[[Paresh Rawal]] – ''Hulchul''
| valign="top"|
* '''[[Priyanka Chopra]] – ''[[Aitraaz]]'' ''' as Sonia Roy
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]] – ''[[Yuva]]'' as Lallan Singh
*[[Ajay Devgan]] – ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' as Yashwant Angre
*[[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]] – ''[[Dhoom]]'' as Kabir
*[[Sunil Shetty]] – ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' as Raghavan Dutta
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|-
| valign="top"|
''Not Awarded''
| valign="top"|
* '''[[Ayesha Takia]] – ''[[Taarzan: The Wonder Car]]'' '''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|-
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' – [[Aditya Chopra]] '''
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Yuva]]'' – [[Mani Ratnam]] '''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|-
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' – [[Aditya Chopra]] '''
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Swades]]'' – [[A. R. Rahman]] '''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|-
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' – [[Anu Malik]] '''
* ''[[Dhoom]]'' – [[Pritam]]
* [[Hum Tum (film)|''Hum Tum'']] – [[Jatin–Lalit]]
*''[[Murder (2004 film)|Murder]]'' – Anu Malik
*''[[Swades]]'' – [[A R Rahman|A. R. Rahman]]
*''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' – [[Madan Mohan (director)|Madan Mohan]]
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' – [[Javed Akhtar]] for "Tere Liye"'''
* ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' – Javed Akhtar for "Main Hoon Na"
*''[[Swades]]'' – Javed Akhtar for "Yeh Taara Woh Taara"
*''Veer-Zaara'' – Javed Akhtar for "Aisa Des Hai Mera"
*''Veer-Zaara'' – Javed Akhtar for "Main Yahaan Hoon"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|-
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Murder (2004 film)|Murder]]'' – [[Kunal Ganjawala]] for "Bheege Hont Tere" '''
*''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' – [[Sonu Nigam]] for "Main Hoon Na"
*''Main Hoon Na'' – Sonu Nigam for "Tumse Milke"
*''[[Swades]]'' – [[Udit Narayan]] and Master Vignesh for "Yeh Taara Woh Taara"
*''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' – Sonu Nigam for "Do Pal"
*''Veer-Zaara'' – Udit Narayan for "Main Yahaan Hoon"
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' – [[Alka Yagnik]] for "Hum Tum" '''
*''[[Dhoom]]'' – [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] for "Dhoom Machale Dhoom"
*''[[Kyun! Ho Gaya Na...]]'' – [[Sadhana Sargam]] for "Aao Na"
*''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' – Alka Yagnik for "Lal Dupatta"
*''[[Swades]]'' – Alka Yagnik for "Saawariya"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Action|Best Action]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
|-
| valign="top"|
'''''[[Yuva]]'' – Vikram Dharma '''
| valign="top"|
'''''[[Yuva]]'' – [[Sabu Cyril]] '''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|-
| valign="top"|
'''''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]'' – Christopher Popp '''
| valign="top"|'''''[[Dhoom]]'' – Rameshwar S. Bhagat'''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Sound|Best Sound Design]]
|-
| valign="top"|
'''''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]'' – [[Prabhu Deva]] for "[[Main Aisa Kyun Hoon (song)|Main Aisa Kyun Hoon...]]"'''
| valign="top"|
'''''[[Dhoom]]'' – Dwarak Warrier '''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Power Award|Power Award]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Scene of the Year|Best Scene of the Year]]
|-
| valign="top"|
'''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]'''
| valign="top"|
'''''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' '''
|-
|}

=== Critics' awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;" |[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film (Best Director)]]
|-
|
*'''''[[Dev (2004 film)|Dev]]'' – [[Govind Nihalani]]'''
*'''''[[Yuva]]'' – [[Mani Ratnam]]'''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;" | [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|-
|
*'''[[Pankaj Kapur]] – ''[[Maqbool]]'' as Jahangir Khan (Abbaji)'''
|
*'''[[Kareena Kapoor]] – ''[[Dev (2004 film)|Dev]]'' as Aaliya'''
|-
|}

===Special awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%; colspan=2" | [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
|-
|colspan=2|
*'''[[Rajesh Khanna]]'''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;" | [[Filmfare R. D. Burman Award|R. D. Burman Award]]
|-
|
*'''[[Kunal Ganjawala]]'''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;" | [[Filmfare Power Award|Power Award]]
|-
|
*'''[[Shah Rukh Khan]]'''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;" | [[Filmfare Special Award|Special Awards]]
|-
|
*'''[[Dilip Kumar]]'''
*'''[[Naushad]]'''
*'''[[Lata Mangeshkar]]'''
*'''[[Ramesh Sippy]]''' for ''[[Sholay]]''
|}

==Major winners and nominees==
*''[[Yuva]] – 6/7''
*''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]] – 5/8''
*''[[Veer-Zaara]] – 4/15''
*''[[Dev (2004 film)|Dev]] – 2/2''
*''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]] – 2/4''
*''[[Dhoom]] – 2/6''
*''[[Swades]] – 2/8''
*''[[Aitraaz]] – 1/2''
*''[[Murder (2004 film)|Murder]] – 1/2''
*''[[Taarzan: The Wonder Car]] – 1/1''
*''[[Main Hoon Na]] – 1/12''
*''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]] – 0/4''
*''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]] – 0/3''

==See also==
* [[Filmfare Awards]]
* [[51st Filmfare Awards]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000245/2005 Filmfare Awards at IMDb]

{{Filmfare Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:50th Filmfare Awards}}
[[Category:Filmfare Awards by year]]
[[Category:2005 Indian film awards]]

[[fr:Filmfare Awards 2008]]

S. George

2026-02-10T03:11:29Z

Tanwarpal Singh: started first details more to come

{{short description|Indian makeup artist and producer}}
{{for|the poet|Stefan George}}
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S. George
| image = SGeorgeMammootty.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = George Sebastian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1968|06|08}}
| birth_place = [[Alleppey]]
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist||[[Film producer]]|[[distributor]]|[[makeup artist]]|}}
| years_active = 1992–present
| parents = M. O. Devasia (father)
| spouse = Usha George
| children = 2
}}

'''George Sebastian''', better known as '''S. George''', is an Indian [[makeup artist]] and [[film producer]] who works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]]. He is the son of M. O. Devasia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m3db.com/george-make|title = ജോർജ്ജ്}}</ref> He is noted for his recurring collaboration with [[Mammootty]], associating with him in more than 25 films and later becoming his personal makeup man.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/mammootty-wishes-to-makeup-man-and-producer-george-on-his-birthday-511635/|title = നിഴലായി കൂടെ നടക്കുന്നവന് പിറന്നാൾ ആശംസകൾ നേർന്ന് മമ്മൂട്ടി}}</ref>

He has won the [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award]] for ''[[Karutha Pakshikal]]'' (2008) and [[Kerala State Film Awards|Kerala State Film Award]] for Best Makeup for ''[[Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (film)|Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha]]'' (2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralafilm.com/pdf/2010/sfa_09_award_declaration.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.keralafilm.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309022655/http://www.keralafilm.com/pdf/2010/sfa_09_award_declaration.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film]] (as producer) for ''[[Nanpakal Nerathu Mayakkam]]'' (2022).

== Early life and family ==
Hailing from Alleppey, George was born to M.O Devasia, who was one of the leading makeup artists of Malayalam Cinema. He had his schooling in Chennai and later joined Malayalam cinema as an assistant to his father. George is married to Usha George. The couple has two daughters named Cynthia George and Cylvia George.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/specials/mammootty-70/mammootty-personal-makeupman-george-about-megastar-1.5977340|title=മേക്കപ്പ്: ജോര്‍ജ് (മമ്മൂട്ടി), അതാണ് ജോര്‍ജ് ഏറ്റവും ഇഷ്ടപ്പെടുന്ന നെറ്റിപ്പട്ടം |work=Mathrubhumi }}</ref>

== Career ==
George began his career as an assistant makeup artist to his father M.O Devasia through the 1991 film [[Neelagiri]] which was directed by [[I V Sasi]]. This also marked his long-time association with the veteran actor [[Mammooty]]. George collaborated with Mammooty in more than 25 major films and later went on to become Mammootty's personal makeup man.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/movie/2019/06/10/mammutty-makeup-man-george/|title=മമ്മൂട്ടിയെ കാണാന്‍ എത്തുന്നവര്‍ ആദ്യം വിളിക്കുന്നത് ജോര്‍ജിനെയാണ്, കാരണം മമ്മൂക്ക സന്തോഷത്തിലാണോ ദേഷ്യത്തിലാണോ എന്ന് ഒറ്റനോട്ടത്തില്‍ തിരിച്ചറിയുവാന്‍ ജോര്‍ജിന് സാധിക്കും|makeup man|Mammootty|work=East Coast Movies & Entertainments News |date=10 June 2019 }}</ref> He is debut as an independent makeup artist happened through the movie [[Kauravar]] which was directed by [[Joshiy]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jsnewstimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/you-two-have-no-change-george-with-the-photo-with-mammootty-fans-say-that-the-glamor-of-both-of-them-too-image-goes-viral|title = You two have no change, George with the photo with Mammootty! Fans say that the glamor of both of them too! Image goes viral » Jsnewstimes| work=Jsnewstimes |date = 15 September 2021}}</ref>

In 2013, George entered into film production by producing the movie ''[[Immanuel (film)|Immanuel]]'' which was directed by [[Lal Jose]] and had [[Mammootty]] and [[Fahad Fasil]] on the lead. Following which he produced movies like [[Achaa Din]] & [[Puzhu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-celebrates-his-makeup-man-georges-birthday-at-mamangam-set/articleshow/64519460.cms|title=Mammootty celebrates his makeup man George's birthday at Mamangam set - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 June 2018 }}</ref>

==Awards==
* 2010 - 40th [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award]] for Best Makeup for ''Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha''
* 2023 - 53rd [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film]] (as producer) for ''[[Nanpakal Nerathu Mayakkam]]''

== Filmography ==
=== As producer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
!No.
!Film
!Year
!Director
!Lead
|-
|1
|''[[Immanuel (film)|''Immanuel'' (film)]]''
|2013
|[[Lal Jose]]
|[[Mammooty]], [[Fahad Fasil]]
|-
|2
|''[[Last Supper]]''
|2014
|[[Vinil Vasu]]
|[[Unni Mukundan]], [[Pearle Maaney]]
|-
|3
|''[[Acha Dhin]]''
|2015
|[[Marthandan]]
|[[Mammooty]],
|-
|4
|''[[Puzhu]]''
|2021
|[[Ratheena Rasheed]]
|[[Mammootty]], [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]],
|}

=== As Make Up Artist ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! scope="row" |2022
| style="background:#ffc;" | ''[[Puzhu (film)|Puzhu]]''{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2021
|''[[Bheeshma Parvam]]''
|
|-
|''[[One (2021 film)|One]]''
|
|-
|''[[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" |2020
|[[Shylock (2020 film)|Shylock]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="6" |2019
|''[[Mamangam (2019 film)|Mamangam]]''
|
|-
|''[[Ganagandharvan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Pathinettam Padi]]''
|
|-
|''[[Unda (film)|Unda]]''
|
|-
|''[[Madhura Raja]]''
|
|-
|''[[Peranbu]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='6'|2018
|''[[Oru Kuttanadan Blog]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Abrahaminte Santhathikal]]''
|
|-
|''[[Uncle (2018 film)|Uncle]]''
|
|-
|''[[Parole (2018 film)|Parole]]''
|
|-
|''[[Captain (2018 film)|Captain]]''
|
|-
|''[[Street Lights (film)|Street Lights]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='4'|2017
| ''[[Masterpiece (2017 film)|Masterpiece]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Pullikkaran Staraa]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Puthan Panam]]''
|
|-
| ''[[The Great Father]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='4'| 2016
| ''[[Thoppil Joppan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[White (2016 film)|White]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kasaba (2016 film)|Kasaba]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Puthiya Niyamam]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='5'| 2015
| ''[[Pathemari]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Utopiayile Rajavu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Acha Dhin]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Bhaskar the Rascal]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Fireman (film)|Fireman]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='7'|2014
| ''[[Varsham (2014 film)|Varsham]]''
|
|-
| ''[[RajadhiRaja]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Munnariyippu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Manglish (film)|Manglish]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Gangster (2014 film)|Gangster]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Praise the Lord (film)|Praise the Lord]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Balyakalasakhi (2014 film)|Balyakalasakhi]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='6'| 2013
| ''[[Silence (2013 film)|Silence]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kunjananthante Kada]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kadal Kadannoru Mathukkutty]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Immanuel (film)|Immanuel]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Proprietors: Kammath & Kammath]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='7'| 2012
| ''[[Bavuttiyude Namathil]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Face2Face (2012 Malayalam film)|Face2Face]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Jawan of Vellimala]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Thappana]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Cobra (2012 film)|Cobra]]''
|
|-
| ''[[The King & the Commissioner]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Shikari (2012 film)|Shikari]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='5'| 2011
| ''[[Venicile Vyapari]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Bombay March 12]]''
|
|-
| ''[[The Train (2011 film)|The Train]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Doubles (2011 film)|Doubles]]''
|
|-
| ''[[August 15 (2011 film)|August 15]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='9'| 2010
| ''[[Best Actor (film)|Best Actor]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Best Of Luck (2010 film)|Best of Luck]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Vandae Maatharam]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Pranchiyettan & the Saint]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kutty Srank]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Pokkiri Raja (2010 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Pramaani]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Yugapurushan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Drona 2010]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='8'|2009
|''[[Chattambinaadu]]''
|
|-
|''[[Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (film)|Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha]]''
|Winner of [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Makeup Artist]]. He shared the award with Rathish Ambaady.
|-
|''[[Kerala Cafe]]''
|
|-
|''[[Pazhassi Raja (2009 film)|Pazhassi Raja]]''
|
|-
|''[[Loudspeaker (2009 film)|Loudspeaker]]''
|
|-
|''[[Daddy Cool (2009 Malayalam film)|Daddy Cool]]''
|
|-
|''[[Ee Pattanathil Bhootham]]''
|
|-
|''[[Love in Singapore (2009 film)|Love In Singapore]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='6'|2008
| ''[[Twenty:20 (film)|Twenty:20]]''
|
|-
| ''Mayabazar''
|
|-
| ''[[One Way Ticket (2008 film)|One Way Ticket]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Parunthu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Annan Thambi]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Roudram]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='7'| 2007
| ''[[Katha Parayumbol]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Nasrani (film)|Nazrani]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Ore Kadal]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Mission 90 Days]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Big B (film)|Big B]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Mayavi (2007 film)|Mayavi]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kaiyoppu]]''|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='7'| 2006
| ''[[Palunku]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Karutha Pakshikal]]''
| Winner of Critics Award
|-
| ''[[Pothen Vava]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Bhargava Charitham Moonam Khandam]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Prajapathi]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Balram vs. Tharadas]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Thuruppugulan (2006 film)|Thuruppu Gulan]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='6'| 2005
| ''[[Bus Conductor (2005 film)|Bus Conductor]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Rajamanikyam]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Nerariyan CBI]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Rappakal]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Thaskaraveeran (2005 film)|Thaskara Veeran]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Thommanum Makkalum]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='6'|2004
| ''[[Vesham]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Black (2004 film)|Black]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kaazhcha]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Aparichithan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Vajram (2004 film)|Vajram]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='2'| 2003
| ''[[Pattalam (2003 film)|Pattalam]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Chronic Bachelor]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='3'| 2002
| ''[[Dany (film)|Dany]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kai Ethum Doorathu]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Phantom (2002 film)|Phantom]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='2'| 2001
| ''[[Dubai (2001 film)|Dubai]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Rakshasa Rajav]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='4'| 2000
| ''[[Dada Sahib]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Valliettan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Narasimham (film)|Narasimham]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Arayannagalude Veedu]]''
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='7'|1999
| ''[[Pallavur Devanarayanan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Prem Poojari]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Ezhupunna Tharakan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Thachiledathu Chundan]]''
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| ''[[Megham]]''
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| ''[[Stalin Sivadas]]''
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|-
| ''[[The Godman]]''
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|-
! scope="row" rowspan='5'| 1998
| ''[[Elavamkodu Desam]]''
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| ''[[Harikrishnans]]''
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| ''[[Sidhartha (1998 film)|Sidhartha]]''
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| ''[[Oru Maravathoor Kanavu]]''
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| ''[[The Truth (1998 film)|The Truth]]''
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! scope="row" rowspan='4'| 1997
| ''[[Bhoothakkannadi]]''
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| ''Vamsam''
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| ''[[Kaliyoonjal]]''
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| ''[[Oral Mathram]]''
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! scope="row" rowspan='5'|1996
| ''[[Udhyanapalakan]]''
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|-
| ''[[Indraprastham (film)|Indraprastham]]''
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| ''[[Aayiram Naavulla Ananthan]]''
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| ''[[Hitler (1996 film)|Hitler]]''
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|-
| ''[[Azhakiya Ravanan]]''
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|-
! scope="row" rowspan='5'| 1995
| ''[[The King (1995 film)|The King]]''
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|-
| ''[[Ormakal Undayirikkanam]]''
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|-
| ''[[No. 1 Snehatheeram Bangalore North]]''
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|-
| ''[[Oru Abhibhashakante Case Diary]]''
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|-
| ''[[Mazhayethum Munpe]]''
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|-
! scope="row" rowspan='6'| 1994
| ''[[Sukrutham]]''
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|-
| ''[[Sainyam]]''
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|-
| ''[[Sagaram Sakshi]]''
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|-
| ''Vishnu''
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|-
| ''[[Ponthan Mada]]''
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|-
| ''[[Vidheyan]]''
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|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7" |1993
| ''[[Golanthara Vartha]]''
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|-
| ''[[Padheyam]]''
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| ''[[Sarovaram (film)|Sarovaram]]''
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|-
| ''[[Jackpot (1993 film)|Jackpot]]''
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|-
| ''[[Vatsalyam]]''
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| ''[[Aayirappara]]''
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|-
| ''[[Dhruvam]]''
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|-
! scope="row" rowspan="6" |1992
|''[[Pappayude Swantham Appoos]]''
|
|-
|''[[Kizhakkan Pathrose]]''
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|-
|''[[Mahanagaram]]''
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|-
|''[[Johnnie Walker (film)|Johnnie Walker]]''
|
|-
|''[[Soorya Manasam]]''
|
|-
|''[[Kauravar]]''
| Debut as independent makeup man
|-
! scope="row" rowspan='7'|1991
| ''[[Neelagiri (film)|Neelagiri]]''
|Debut as assistant makeup man
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.georgemammootty.com/ Official Website]
* {{IMDb name|3159661}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:George, S}}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

José Camillo Lisboa

2026-02-07T23:08:06Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating post

{{Short description|Portuguese physician and botanist (1823–1897)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = José Camillo Lisboa
| image = JC Lisboa.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1823|3|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Assagão]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1897|5|1|1823|3|5|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Poona]], [[British India]]
| spouse = Julia Lisboa
| alma_mater = [[Grant Medical College]] (1851)
}}

'''José Camillo Lisboa''' (5 March 1823<ref name=bio>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/noodealgunsfilh00abregoog/page/n39/mode/1up|title=Noção de alguns filhos distinctos da India Portugueza |author=Abreu, Miguel Vicente de |year=1874| place=Nova-Goa|pages=27–28|language=pt}}</ref> – 1 May 1897) was a Portuguese physician and botanist. He was among the first Portuguese-[[Goan]] physicians and graduated from the inaugural class of the [[Grant Medical College]] in [[Bombay]], [[British India]]. After graduating in 1851, he worked as a doctor at the Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital in Bombay. Along with his wife Julia Rodrigues Lisboa, he studied the grasses of [[western India]] and published a special volume on the useful plants of the region as part of the [[Bombay Gazette|Gazetteer]] of the [[Bombay Presidency]] in 1886.

==Early life and career==
Lisboa was born in [[Assagao|Assagão]], [[Bardes]], son of Antonio Xavier Lisboa. His early education was at home under an uncle who was also a [[catholic priest|priest]]. He then studied in the Parish Music School before going to [[Margão]] where he studied Portuguese, Latin, mathematics and history. He studied at the 22nd Regiment School in [[Poona]], [[British India]] and was among the first eight students to study at the [[Grant Medical College]] in [[Bombay]] and graduated in 1851. He then worked briefly as a sub-assistant surgeon under British surgeon [[John Peet (1818-1874)|John Peet]] at the Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital and Grant Medical College and then began a private practice after rejecting a transfer to [[Karachi]], British India (now part of Pakistan). In 1871, Lisboa established the Grémio Lusitano where he gave lectures on the plants of the Bible. He was elected a member of the [[Bombay Natural History Society]] (BNHS) in 1886 and took a keen interest in botany, publishing in the society's journal<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lisboa, J.C. |year=1896 |title=The poisonous plant Sheula (Amorphophallus commutatus Engler). A corrected description. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30255109 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=527–530}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lisboa, J. C. |year=1887 |title=Notes on Mahableshwar and other Indian arrowroot yielding plants. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15883978 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=2 |pages=140–147}}</ref> specializing later on the grasses.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lisboa, J.C.|year=1890 |title=Bombay grasses. Part III |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2081668 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=5|pages=337–349}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lisboa, J.C. |year=1890|title=Bombay grasses. Part II |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2081479 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=5|pages=226–232}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lisboa, J.C.|year=1890 |title=List of Bombay grasses. Part I |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2081476 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=5|pages=116–131}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2074798|title=Bombay Grasses. Part IV.|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=6| year=1891|pages=189–219|author=Lisboa, J.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30219236|title=Bombay Grasses. Part V.|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=7| year=1892|pages=357–390|author=Lisboa, J.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30402768|title=Bombay Grasses. Part VI.|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=8| year=1893|pages=107–119|author=Lisboa, J.C.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= Hereditary disease of the branches and leaves of Ficus tsiela|pages=76–84 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society| volume=7| year=1892|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30218903 | author=Lisboa, J.C.}}</ref> He also examined floral and climate change in [[Mahabaleshwar]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Parasnis, D.B. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/mahabaleshwar00para/page/26/mode/1up |title=Mahalabeshwar |publisher=Lakshmi Art Printing Works |year=1916 |place=Bombay |pages=26–40 |chapter=Short notes on the present altered climate of Mahableshwar and its causes }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Lisboa married Júlia Rodrigues (1840–1926), daughter of Prof. António Filipe Rodrigues. She too was interested in botany and independently contributed notes on grasses<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lisboa, Mrs J.C. |year=1889 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2070236 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=4 |pages=118–124|title= Short notes on the odoriferous grasses (Andropogons) of India and Ceylon, with a description of a supped new species}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lisboa, Mrs J. C. |year=1891 |title=A List of the Odoriferous Grasses of India, with a Description of a New Species of Andropogon [A. Huegelii, Hack.] |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2074749 |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=6 |pages=64–71}}</ref> to the Journal of the BNHS. In 1886 he also compiled a list of useful plants in the Bombay Presidency classified by usage including a list of plants eaten during famines. This was published as a part of the Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency edited by [[James Macnabb Campbell]] after whom Lisboa named a plant ''Arundinella campbelliana'' (now considered a synonym of ''[[Jansenella griffithiana]]'').<ref>{{cite book |author=Lisboa, J.C. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924070623750/page/n24/mode/1up |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Volume 25 |year=1886 |pages=1–401 |chapter=Useful plants of the Bombay Presidency Gazetter of Bombay Presidency}}</ref>

Lisboa was politically outspoken and was a supporter of [[Padroado]]{{efn|For more on the schism see Hull (1920)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bombaymissionhis01hull|title= Bombay mission history : with a special study of the padroado question| author= Hull, Ernest Reginald| year= 1920|publisher=Examiner Press|place=Bombay}}</ref>}} favouring the accountability of the King of Portugal and wrote in the bilingual newspaper ''Abelha de Bombaim''. He was also a supporter of the [[Konkani language]] and active in the Instituto Luso-Indiano.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |author=Gonsalves, Shirley Louise |title=The Luso-Indian Stethoscope. A Community's Participation in the Medical Profession in Nineteenth-Century Bombay |publisher=Goa 1556 |year=2018 |isbn=9788193423691 |place=Goa |pages=97–103}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
After the death of Lisboa at his home in Poona in 1897 following paralysis some months prior,<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30157082|title=Obituary: J. C. Lisboa|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=11| page= 339|year=1897}}</ref> Julia established a Gold Medal at the Bombay University with an award of {{INRConvert|6000|year=1897}}. Lisboa had himself established a scholarship in botany at the Grant Medical College in 1882. The Assagão Union founded a school in his memory in 1923<ref name=":1" /> called the Dr J C Lisboa School which existed until 1951.<ref>{{cite book|author=Costa, Aleixo Manuel da |pages= 192–194| volume=2| title=Dicionário de Literatura Goesa |year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Portuguese-speaking Goan Women Writers in Late Colonial India (1860-1940)| author=Vicente, Filipa Lowndes| journal=Portuguese Studies Review| volume=25| issue=1| year=2017| pages=315–345|url=https://repositorio.ul.pt/handle/10451/31578}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frenz |first=Margret |date=2021 |title=To Be or Not To Be … a Global Citizen: Three doctors, three empires, and one subcontinent |journal=Modern Asian Studies |language=en |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=1185–1226 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X20000256 |s2cid=228902654 |issn=0026-749X|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book |author=Pandya, Sunil |title=Medical Education in Western India: Grand Medical College Medical Education and Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy's Hospital |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2018 |pages=487–491}}</ref>

Lisboa's medical studies including those on leprosy (where he tried the extracts of ''[[Psoralea corylifolia]]''),<ref>{{cite journal |year=1897 |title=The late Dr J.C. Lisboa |journal=The Lancet |volume=149 |issue=3851 |page=1719 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)13384-2}}</ref> and the medical properties of opium. He was one of the witnesses who gave evidence to the Indian Hemp Commission<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.1917/page/n7/mode/1up|publisher=Government of India| title=Indian Hemp Drugs Commission. Volume 7. Evidence of Witnesses from Bombay, Sind, Berar, Ajmere, Coorg, Baluchistan, and Burma| year=1894| place= Calcutta|page= vii}}</ref> where he was in favour of moderate use of opium for relief under certain circumstances.<ref>{{cite journal |year=1894 |title=Medical evidence given before the Royal Commission on Opium |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.4041/page/n141/mode/1up |journal=The Indian Medical Record |volume=6 |pages=212–214}}</ref> Lisboa served also as a [[Justice of the peace|Justice of Peace]], had been a member of the Bombay Natural History Society, the Asiatic Society of Bombay, a fellow of the [[Linnean Society of London]] (elected 1888, withdrew 1893, re-elected 1894<ref>{{cite journal |title=Obituary |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8321524 |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London |volume=110 |page=41}}</ref>), the Geographical and Medical Society of Lisbon and the Academie Internationale de Geographique Botanique. A road in Assagao is named after him.<ref name=":0" /> The grasses ''[[Tripogon lisboae]]'' and ''[[Ischaemum lisboae]]'' have been named after Júlia R. Lisboa who corresponded with botanists in England after the death of her husband (her name is sometimes given in the Portuguese form as Donna Lisboa<ref>{{cite journal|title=Material for the flora of Mahabaleshwar-8|author1=Bole, P.V. | author2=Almeida, M.R.| pages=372–391|journal = Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=84|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49081451|year=1987}}</ref>).{{efn|Note that some works like Clifford & Bostock (2007) incorrectly attribute it to J.C. Lisboa. The Latin ending -ae is feminine.<ref>{{cite book|title= Etymological Dictionary of Grasses|author1=Clifford, H. Trevor |author2=Bostock, Peter D. |isbn=978-3-540-38434-2|year=2007|page=172|publisher=Springer}}</ref>}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.7483 List of Bombay grasses and their uses] (1896)
* [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6256/mode/2up Useful plants of the Bombay Presidency] (1883)
* [https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Jos%C3%A9-Camilo-Lisboa/6000000010149969469 Biography]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lisboa, Jose Camillo}}
[[Category:1823 births]]
[[Category:1897 deaths]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London]]
[[Category:Members of the Bombay Natural History Society]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Goa]]

Kajra railway station

2026-02-06T23:18:30Z

Tanwarpal Singh:

{{Short description|Railway station in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kajra
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Passenger train]] station
| address = Kajra, [[Lakhisarai district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.182766|N|86.261571|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{cvt|51|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone]]
| line = [[Sahibganj loop|Sahibganj loop line]]
| platforms = 2
| tracks = 4
| other = Platform length: 656 m
| parking = Yes
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KJH
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Malda}}
}}
| status = Active
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company]]
| opened = 1901
| electrified = Yes
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Eastern Railway zone|left=Ghogi Bariarpur|right=Uren|type=[[Sahibganj loop]]}}
}}

'''Kajra railway station''' is a railway station on [[Sahibganj loop]] line under the [[Malda railway division]] of [[Eastern Railway zone]]. It is situated at Kajra in [[Lakhisarai district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. The station has two platforms with a length of approximately '''656 metres'''.

<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Niraj|title=Kajra Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/kajra-kjh/1159|access-date=2021-06-09|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kajra Railway Station (KJH) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/kajra-kjh-station|access-date=2021-06-09|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Lakhisarai district]]
[[Category:Malda railway division]]

C. V. Vishveshwara

2026-02-06T06:12:17Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating a article

{{Short description|Indian physicist (1938–2017)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = C.V.Vishveshwara
|caption =
|birth_date= 6 March 1938
|death_date= {{death date and age text|16 January 2017|6 March 1938}}
|fields = General relativity
|workplaces = [[Raman Research Institute]] [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]]
|doctoral_advisor = [[Charles W. Misner]]
|academic_advisors =
|known_for = ''Stability of Schwarzschild Blackhole'' ''Quasinormal Modes''
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|awards =
|spouse = [[Saraswathi Vishveshwara]]
|signature = 
|footnotes =
|religion =
}}

'''C.V. Vishveshwara''' (6 March 1938 – 16 January 2017), commonly known as '''Vishu''', was an Indian scientist and [[black hole]] physicist. Specializing in Einstein's [[General Relativity]], he worked extensively on the theory of black holes and made major contributions to this field of research since its very beginning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/01/17/c-v-vishveshwara-a-pioneer-in-black-hole-research-dies-at-78/|title=C.V. Vishveshwara, A Pioneer In Black Hole Research, Dies At 78|work=huffingtonpost.in|accessdate=17 January 2017}}</ref> He is popularly known as the 'black hole man of India'.<ref>Sumangala S. Mummigatti, Science Reporter, NISCAIR, CSIR, Dr KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi - 110 012. p. 31 (ed. April 2017)</ref>

== Biography ==
=== Academic training and university positions ===
With initial interest in [[particle physics]] Vishveshwara joined [[Columbia University]], where [[Robert W. Fuller]] was his mentor. Later he developed interest in General Relativity and encouraged by Fuller, transferred to [[University of Maryland]] to work with [[Charles W. Misner]]. He received his AM degree from Columbia University. Working on the Stability of the Schwarzschild Black Hole under Misner, he obtained his PhD from the University of Maryland. After a [[postdoctoral researcher|postdoctoral appointment]] at the [[Goddard Institute for Space Studies]],<ref name="arxiv2024">{{cite arXiv|last1=Dadhich|first1=Naresh|last2=Nayak|first2=K. Rayesh|title=C. V. Vishveshwara (Vishu) On The Black Hole Trek|eprint=2402.11503|date=18 February 2024|class=gr-qc}}</ref> he served on the faculties of [[New York University]], and [[University of Pittsburgh]]. After his return to his hometown, Channapatna, famous for wooden toys, of Bengaluru, India, he was a senior professor at the [[Raman Research Institute]] and the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]]. Vishveshwara has also held the position of Visiting Professor at several universities including [[University of Pennsylvania]], [[University of Maryland]], [[Boston University]], [[University of London]], and [[Universidad del Pais Vasco]].

=== Research ===
Vishveshwara was one of the first to analyze the structure of black holes employing [[spacetime symmetries]] thereby demonstrating the existence of the [[ergosphere]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Vishveshwara | first=C. V. | title=Generalization of the ''Schwarzschild Surface'' to Arbitrary Static and Stationary Metrics | journal=Journal of Mathematical Physics | publisher=AIP Publishing | volume=9 | issue=8 | year=1968 | issn=0022-2488 | doi=10.1063/1.1664717 | pages=1319–1322| bibcode=1968JMP.....9.1319V }}</ref> He proved the stability of the non-rotating [[Schwarzschild black hole]], a crucial factor that ensures its continued existence after formation.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Vishveshwara | first=C. V. | title=Stability of the Schwarzschild Metric | journal=Physical Review D | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=1 | issue=10 | date=1970-05-15 | issn=0556-2821 | doi=10.1103/physrevd.1.2870 | pages=2870–2879| bibcode=1970PhRvD...1.2870V | hdl=1903/17449 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Further, he discovered the [[quasinormal mode]]s of black holes.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Vishveshwara | first=C. V. | title=Scattering of Gravitational Radiation by a Schwarzschild Black-hole | journal=Nature | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=227 | issue=5261 | year=1970 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/227936a0 | pages=936–938| pmid=16058209 | bibcode=1970Natur.227..936V | s2cid=4160946 }}</ref> These modes of black hole vibrations are one of the main targets of observation using the [[gravitational wave detector]]s. In later years, he investigated black holes in cosmological backgrounds, an important aspect of black hole physics that had hardly been explored. Vishveshwara has also made significant contributions to other areas of general relativity such as the [[exact solutions of Einstein's field equations]], [[gravitational collapse]], [[compact star|compact stellar object]]s, [[inertial force]]s, and spacetime [[perturbation theory|perturbation]]s.

== Books and other publications ==
In addition to authoring a number of technical papers, Vishveshwara has co-edited ten volumes on relativity, astrophysics and cosmology including those published by Cambridge University Press and Kluwer Academic Publishers. He has contributed articles to these volumes and illustrated two of the volumes with his cartoons. Further, he has written a number of popular articles on various topics in science.

His book "Einstein's Enigma or Black Holes in My Bubble Bath" received highly complimentary comments from [[Roger Penrose]],{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} Nobel laureate [[Anthony James Leggett]],{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} [[Charles Misner]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} and other readers worldwide.{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} It has also been translated to Italian.{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}}

"Black Holes, Gravitational Radiation and the Universe: Essays in Honour of C.V. Vishveshwara,- Bala R. Iyer and Biplab Bhawal(eds)", (Kluwer Academic Publishers (1999)) contains essays contributed by [[Roger Penrose]], [[Jacob Bekenstein]], [[Abhay Ashtekar]], [[Ashoke Sen]] etc.

== Planetarium and promotion of science ==
As founder-director of the Planetarium in Bangalore, he has written the scripts of several planetarium programmes and directed them. These are aimed at presenting difficult concepts in a simple and attractive manner. Vishveshwara has also produced two short science films.

To promote research as a part of education he started "Research Education Advancement Program".<ref>[http://www.taralaya.org/reap1.htm The Bangalore Association For Science Education (Base)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927095931/http://www.taralaya.org/reap1.htm |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> As a part of it, undergraduate students are taught in fundamentals of Physics or Biology by practicing scientists in the field and selected students are involved in research projects at institutes like [[Indian Institute of Science]], [[Raman Research Institute]], [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[The National Centre for Biological Sciences]].

==See also==
* [[Charles W. Misner]]
* [[Quasinormal mode]]s
* [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]]
* [[Engelbert Schücking]]
* [[Golden age of general relativity]]
* [[Smitha Vishveshwara]], Vishveshwara's daughter

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/apr252000/generalia.pdf Leaves from an unwritten diary]
* [https://www.tifr.res.in/~ipa1970/news/2017/PN_JanMar17_ObitVishu.pdf Obituary to C V Vishveshwara]
* [http://prints.iiap.res.in/bitstream/2248/4915/3/The%20Engelbert%20experience%20pathways%20from%20the%20past The Engelbert Experience-Pathways from the Past]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vishveshwara, C. V}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Relativity theorists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]

Ashwath (music director)

2026-02-04T11:22:08Z

Tanwarpal Singh: Done.

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ashwath Naganathan
| image = File:Ashwath Display picture.jpg
| birth_date = 2 October 1989
| birth_place = Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| genre = Film score, Independent music
| occupation = Film composer, Music director, Independent musician, Song writer
| years_active = 2014–present
}}
'''Ashwath Naganathan''' known by screen name '''Ashwath''', is an [[Composer|Indian composer]] and musician, who predominantly works in the Tamil film industry. His notable works are ''[[FIR (2022 film)|FIR]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2020 |title=What's the AR Rahman connect in Vishnu Vishal's FIR? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/whats-the-ar-rahman-connect-in-vishnu-vishals-fir/articleshow/73189900.cms |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> starring [[Vishnu Vishal]] ,[[Inspector Rishi]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=9 April 2024 |title="Apart from this, I have written and cleared the exams for lecturer. Part time I go to some colleges and teach students about media" |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/inspector-rishi-music-director-ashwath-interview |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref> on [[Amazon Prime Video]], and for the YouTube Channel 'Certified Rascals'.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=22 July 2020 |title=Laugh out loud: Meet the team behind 'Certified Rascals', whose funny videos are creating waves |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-a-bunch-of-it-professionals-conceptualised-certified-rascals/article32161454.ece |access-date=11 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life ==
After completing his post graduation in Media Studies at [[College of Engineering, Guindy|College of Engineering Guindy]], [[Anna University Chennai|Anna University]], he was employed by [[NDTV]] as a News Producer/Director for a few years. Later he ventured into music full time.

He has composed music for about 75 short films including a few international award-winning ones, and more than 100 advertisements apart from a few plays & TV shows.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2017 |title=I kept working on jingles, advertisements, TV shows, a few independent films, corporate videos, etc. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/i-believe-in-spending-time-with-the-director-and-creating-tunes-for-the-situation/articleshow/62084287.cms |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
[[File:Ashwath_with_A_R_Rahman.jpg|thumb|Ashwath with A R Rahman]]
His background in music is attributed to his gurus who guided him on [[Carnatic classical music|classical music]] / [[Western music (North America)|western music]] during his schooling and the band he was a part of during college along with Music Director [[Vishal Chandrashekhar|Vishal Chandrasekar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=தாரா |first=ராகேஷ் |date=11 April 2024 |title=வேலைக்கு லீவு எடுத்துதான் முதல் படத்திற்கு இசையமைத்தேன்: இன்ஸ்பெக்டர் ரிஷி இசையமைப்பாளர் அஸ்வத் |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/inspector-rishi-music-director-ashwath-talks-about-his-journey-177555 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=tamil.abplive.com |language=ta}}</ref> He was drawn into music during childhood and pursued it after he interviewed [[A. R. Rahman|A R Rahman]] as an intern.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2017 |title=I believe in spending time with the director and creating tunes for the situation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/i-believe-in-spending-time-with-the-director-and-creating-tunes-for-the-situation/articleshow/62084287.cms |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
His stint with the film industry started with the opportunity to score for a feature film titled "[[Nalanum Nandhiniyum]]" by Film Institute students. Producer Ravindar Chandrasekaran listened to the songs on Skype and launched him through Libra Productions. The film has songs by leading vocalists across India including [[Shreya Ghoshal|Shreya Goshal]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஜீவகணேஷ்.ப |date=9 April 2024 |title=I worked with great singers like Shankar Mahadevan, Shreya Ghoshal and Satya Prakash in my first film. |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/inspector-rishi-music-director-ashwath-interview |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref> and got released in 2014. Though the tracks were not popular, the music of the film was written about as a positive aspect of the film in all the leading newspapers, websites and magazines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஜீவகணேஷ்.ப |date=9 April 2024 |title=But some people have seen and appreciated my music. |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/inspector-rishi-music-director-ashwath-interview |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref>

His second film is a bilingual where he worked on the background score for considerable portions of the film [[Tamilselvanum Thaniyar Anjalum|"Tamilchelvanum Thaniyar Anjalum]]" in Tamil, Produced by ace Director [[Gautham Vasudev Menon|Gautam Vasudev Menon]]. Though he did portions of the background score, he was credited in that film.

He has composed music for a few advertisements directed by Gautam himself.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2017 |title=I got an opportunity to work with Gautham Menon for a commer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/i-believe-in-spending-time-with-the-director-and-creating-tunes-for-the-situation/articleshow/62084287.cms |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is also a part time lecturer for students across Media colleges.<ref name=":1" />

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Titile
!Director
!Language
|-
|2014
|[[Nalanum Nandhiniyum]]
|Venkatesan R
|Tamil
|-
|2016
|[[Tamilselvanum Thaniyar Anjalum|Tamilchelvanum Thaniyar Anjalum]] (Background Score only)
|[[Premsai]]
|Tamil
|-
|2017
|[[Thittam Poattu Thirudura Kootam]]
|Sudhar
|Tamil
|-
|2018
|Whats up Panimanishi / Whats up Velaikkari
|Praveen K, Manu Anand Preethi Srivijayan
|Tamil, Telugu
|-
|2018
|[[Nila Nila Odi Vaa|Nila nila odi vaa]]
|J.S. Nandhini
|Tamil
|-
|2022
|[[FIR (2022 film)|FIR]]
|Manu Anand
|Tamil
|-
|2024
|[[Inspector Rishi]]
|J.S. Nandhini
|Tamil
|-
|2025
|Dhoolpet Police Station
|Jaswini
|Tamil, Telugu
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Tamil singers]]
[[Category:1990 births]]

ITO metro station

2026-01-18T22:53:10Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating new article

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{distinguish|Itō Station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] ITO
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Violet}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = ITO - Income Tax Office metro station (Delhi).jpg
| address = Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, ITO - Income Tax Office, New Delhi, Delhi - 110002
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Violet|croute}}
| other =
| structure = Underground, [[Double-track railway|Double-track]]
| platform = {{ubl|[[Island platform]]|Platform-1 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|R}}|Platform-2 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|L}}}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|2015|6|8|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| owned = [[Delhi Metro]]
| operator = [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC)
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line=Violet|left=Delhi Gate|right=Mandi House}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Violet Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Violet}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

The '''ITO metro station''' is a station on the [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|Violet Line]] of [[Delhi Metro]] serving the busy ITO intersection of [[New Delhi]]. It was inaugurated on 8 June 2015 by the then urban development minister [[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]] and Delhi's chief minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]].<ref>{{cite news |date=10 June 2015 |title=Delhi Metro opens ITO station |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/delhi-metro-ito-station-passengers-256336-2015-06-08 |work=India Today |location=Delhi |access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>

The ITO metro station was one of the most awaited stations of the Delhi Metro under Phase III expansion. Whereas the opening of the [[Mandi House metro station]], which is also an interchange station now, took a chunk of the load off the [[Rajiv Chowk metro station]]. The ITO metro station is expected to take some of the surface traffic off the ITO intersection, which witnesses heavy traffic jams due to a number of private and commercial vehicles, coming from South and East Delhi, which is the main arterial road for the people residing in those areas. According to Delhi Police, the ITO intersection is one of the most congested areas in the city, with the entire flow of traffic from east Delhi to the rest of the city and vice versa. going through this intersection. Over 1.75 lakh vehicles use the ITO intersection every day.

With the opening of the ITO metro station, a number of commuters whose offices are located in the ITO area as expected to switch to the metro. As per estimates of the Delhi Metro, around 25,000 commuters are expected to use the station by 2016. The number will go up to over 35,000 by 2021, said a Delhi Metro official.

==History==
The ITO metro station is the last station to be opened individually before the entire corridor is commissioned in 2016. Part of the 'Heritage Line', the station is followed by stations – [[Delhi Gate metro station]], [[Jama Masjid metro station]], [[Lal Qila metro station]] and [[Kashmere Gate metro station]].

The station was finished in September 2014 and trial runs began in December 2014. However, operations on the 971-metre section between Mandi House and ITO were not started as safety inspection could not be carried out as per provisions of the Metro Railway General Rules. The Urban Development Ministry had amended and notified changes to the Metro Railway General Rules, 2013, to allow operations on single-line sections, which was a major stumbling block in operationalising the line. Originally scheduled to open in March 2015, it was opened for public use on 8 June 2015.

For now being the new terminus of the Violet Line, going uptill [[Faridabad]], the metro station will connect ITO to South Delhi, East Delhi and the satellite city of [[Faridabad]]. It will also provide easy connectivity to thousands coming from rest of the city through interchange stations on the Violet Line. From ITO, commuters can access the [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]] (Dwarka Sector 21 to Noida City Centre/Vaishali) as well as the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] (HUDA City Centre to Badli). In fact, it will also provide accessibility to all the lines of the Delhi Metro network through the various interchange stations on the corridor.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.delhimetrorail.com/Phase-III_documetnt/pdf/61PH-III_DMRC_-Model.pdf|title=Delhi Metro Phase 3 Document|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

==The station==
===Station layout===
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/ Entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;"|'''C'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;"|Concourse
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;"|Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=3 valign=top|'''P'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|R}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Mandi House}} '''''Change at the next station for '''{{rcb|Delhi Metro|Blue|croute}}''
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] | Doors will open on the right {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Northbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width="500" |Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Violet|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Delhi Gate}}
|}

==Entry/Exit==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="80%"
|-
! align="center" colspan="7" style="background:#{{rcr|Delhi Metro|Violet}};"| ITO metro station Entry/exits<ref>{{cite web |url=https://delhimetrorail.com/station/ITO#gates |title=ITO: Gates |publisher=DMRC |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:16%;"|Gate No-1
! style="width:16%;"|Gate No-2
! style="width:16%;"|Gate No-3
! style="width:16%;"|Gate No-4
! style="width:16%;"|Gate No-5
! style="width:16%;"|Gate No-6
|-
| Andhra Education Society School || [[Mata Sundari|Mata Sundari college]] || [[India Post]] - AGCR SO || [[Shankar's International Dolls Museum]] || [[Schools of Planning and Architecture|School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi]] || Income Tax Office (ITO)
|-
| [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi Peace Foundation]] || || Towards [[Daryaganj]] || Passport office (Herald House) || [[Government of Delhi|PwD Headquarters]] || [[Indian Medical Association]]
|-
| || || [[Delhi Gate, Delhi|Delhi Gate]] || MILAP Bhawan || Delhi Police headquarters|| Vikas Bhawan
|-
| || || [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] || [[Life Insurance Corporation|LIC]] || Institution of Town Planning || Institution of Engineers
|-
| || || [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|CAG]] || LNJP Hospital || ||
|-
|
|
| [[Bureau of Indian Standards|Bureau of Indian Standards (Manak Bhawan)]]
| [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]]
|
|
|-
|
|
|
| [[Feroz Shah Kotla|Feroz Shah Kotla fort]]
|
|
|}

==Nearby locations==

Apart from the Income Tax Office and [[Delhi Police]] headquarters, the area is home to scores of administrative buildings, offices of prominent media houses and other locations that commuters at the ITO station reach every day.

* Media establishments : ''[[Business Standard]], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], [[Times of India]], [[ThePrint]], [[The Hindu]], [[BusinessWorld]], [[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]'', MBD Publications, Veer Arjun, ''[[Indian Express]]''
* Leisure : Bal Bhawan, [[Shankar's International Dolls Museum]]
* Arts and culture : Hindi Bhawan, [[Gandharva Mahavidyalaya]], Pearey Lal Bhawan auditorium, [[Children's Book Trust]]
* Government offices : [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]], [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]], [[Bureau of Indian Standards]], [[Delhi Development Authority]], [[Quality Council of India]]
* Offices of other national bodies : [[Indian National Science Academy]], [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]], [[Institution of Engineers(India) Delhi Local Centre]], [[Indian Institute of Public Administration]], [[School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi]]
* Offices of political organizations : [[Centre of Indian Trade Unions]]
* Hospital : [[Maulana Azad Medical College]]
* Historical monument : [[Feroz Shah Kotla]]

==Connections==
===Bus===
[[Delhi Transport Corporation]] bus routes number 26, 135, 173, 274, 402CL, 403, 403CL, 404, 405, 405A, 405STL, 411, 419, 419LSTL, 423, 425CL, 429, 429CL, 447, 501, 502, 503, 621, 632, 722, 790, GL-22 serves the station from Lala R.C. Agarwal Chowk stop.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/DOIT_DTC/dtc/home |title=Delhi Transport Corporation |access-date=12 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025080536/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_dtc/DTC/Home/ |archive-date=25 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Delhi Transport Corporation]] bus routes number 73, 85, 85EXT, 85Ext, 135, 281, 310, 313, 317, 335, 336A, 340, 349, 349A, 375, 378, 390, 391, 418A, 418EXT, 623, 623A, 623B, 623EXT, 624ACL, 624BLnkSTL, 720, 723, 740, 740A, 740B, 740EXT, 770A, 910, 943, GL-22 serves the station from ITO bus stop.

===Rail===
{{stnlnk|Tilak Bridge}} of [[Indian Railways]] situated nearby.

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Delhi]]
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
*[[Delhi Monorail]]
*[[Delhi Transport Corporation]]
*[[Central Delhi]]
*[[National Capital Region (India)]]
*[[List of rapid transit systems]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
{{div col end}}
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Delhi Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Delhi}}
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx/ Delhi Metro Annual Reports]
* {{cite web|title=Station Information |work=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC) |url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |df=dmy-all}}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/ITO/@28.628395,77.2389579,685m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x390cfcd567217f67:0x493187c78273de73!8m2!3d28.628395!4d77.2411466|title= ITO metro station}}

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|violet line=yes}}

[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Railway stations in New Delhi district]]

Gulfam Khan

2026-01-18T18:00:36Z

Tanwarpal Singh: brief fixed references per standard format and improved wording based on references

{{short description|Indian television and film actress (born 1975)}}
{{for|[[Gujarati language]] writer|Gulfam (writer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gulfam Khan
| image = Gulfam_Khan_Portrait.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = Gulfam Khan
| caption = Gulfam Khan
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.Gulfamkhan.com/}}
| occupation = Actress
| height =
| years_active = 2000–present
}}

'''Gulfam Khan''' is an Indian television and film actress<ref>{{cite web |title=Times Of India News: Gulfam Khan bags Mrs.Kaushik Ki Paanch Bahuein |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gulfam-Khan-bags-Mrs-Kaushik-Ki-Paanch-Bahuein/articleshow/17385686.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214103852/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-27/tv/35386931_1_gulfam-khan-character-aamir-khan |url-status=live |archive-date=14 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 November 2012 |access-date=13 March 2013}}</ref> who works in [[Indian television]] and [[Bollywood]] [[Hindi cinema]]. She is known for playing the role of Nazneen in ''[[Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]'' from 2018 to 2020.

== Early life ==
Gulfam is known in the industry as a Tech Junkie,<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulfam Khan is a tech junkie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mouli-Ganguly-Madhubala-Ek-Ishq-Ek-Junoon-Gulfam-Khan/articleshow/23511088.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008201126/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-04/news/42715822_1_iphone-5s-ek-ishq-ek-junoon-madhubala |url-status=live |archive-date=8 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 October 2013 |access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> and she is also fond of painting.

== Career ==
Khan made her acting debut in 2003, as Guddi, in the TV Series ''[[Lipstick (TV series)|Lipstick]]''. She has worked under well-known banners of the [[Bollywood|Mumbai Film Industry]]<ref>{{cite web |title=News: Mumbai Film Industry |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Mumbai-film-industry |publisher=Times Of India News |accessdate=14 March 2013}}</ref> and with several producers and directors, for several television serials and movies (Ref the following section "Filmography"). She has recently{{when|date=August 2017}} been cast in Amir-Khan Starrer movie<ref>{{cite web |title=Times Of India News: Actress Gulfam Khan in Reema Kagti's movie Talaash |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-15/tv/35836424_1_talaash-gulfam-khan-crew-members |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=13 March 2013}}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Talaash. In addition to her on-screen contribution, Gulfam Khan started writing screenplays in 2007. Gulfam has co-written some movie screenplays including Hisss with [[Jennifer Lynch]]. Gulfam has also written [[Comedy Circus]] Season-1 for [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]]. Gulfam has just completed{{when|date=August 2017}} working in Nagesh Kukunoors next movie ''[[Laxmi]]'' by National Award-winning director [[Nagesh Kukunoor]], which has recently been sent for nominations to various film festivals.

Gulfam is currently{{when|date=August 2017}} looking to diversify her casting profile.<ref>{{cite web |title=News: Gulfam won't play a brothel owner anymore |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-01/news/43591860_1_brothel-owner-talaash-ishq-da-kalma/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131208124033/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-01/news/43591860_1_brothel-owner-talaash-ishq-da-kalma/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=6 December 2013}}</ref> After playing brothel owner Rasili Bai in ''Ghar Ki Lakshmi... Betiyann'', a madame in the movie ''Talaash'' and a slum queen — a boss of all bad deeds — in ''Mann Mein Hai Vishwas'', she has turned down two films and one soap, ''Bani — Ishq Da Kalma'', which required her to repeat the role. She has received several appreciations from the industry for her various contributions to television and cinema.<ref>{{cite web |title=News: Gulfam Khan visited a brothel | work=The Times of India | date=30 March 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Hindi/Bollywood/News-Interviews/Gulfam-Khan-visited-a-brothel/articleshow/32950137.cms?imageid=17569647#slide20 |publisher=Times Of India News |accessdate=28 May 2014}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

===Television===

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title !! Role
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Dhruv Tara – Samay Sadi Se Pare]]''
| Lalita Sanjay Saxena
|-
|2022
|''[[Brij Ke Gopal]]''
|Sujatha
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Ziddi Dil Maane Na]] '' || Mrs Batra
|-
| 2018-2021
| ''[[Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga ]]'' || Nazneen Chachi
|-
| 2017-2018
|''[[Laado 2]]'' || Rajjo Choudhary
|-
| 2016-2017
|''[[Khwaabon Ki Zamin Par]]'' || Sarla Kashyap
|-
| 2016-2017
|''[[Naamkarann]]'' || Nanno/Fatima
|-
| 2016
|''[[Ishq Ka Rang Safed]]'' || Mrs Avasthi
|-
| 2015
|''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalaxmi]]'' || Kaveri
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Madhubala - Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulfam's role in Madhubala inspired by Sudha Chandran |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news-and-gossip/Gulfams-role-in-Madhubala-inspired-by-Sudha-Chandran/articleshow/22480917.cms |work=The Times of India |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref> || Sanchita Ghosh
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Bh Se Bhade]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulfam Khan in Bha Se Bhade.. |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-12/news/43979769_1_tv-actress-bha-se-bhade-gulfam-khan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115150831/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-12/news/43979769_1_tv-actress-bha-se-bhade-gulfam-khan |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=7 December 2013}}</ref> || Lata
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Mrs. Kaushik Ki Paanch Bahuein]]'' || Kiran Bhalla
|-
| 2012
| ''[[R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya - Serial |url=http://www.sabtv.com/comedy/show.php?id=33 |publisher=Sony SAB TV |accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> || Rajni Amma
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' || Uma
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Aathvaan Vachan]]''|| Billo Maasi
|-
|
| ''Chi and Me'' || Mrs. Khanna
|-
| 2011
| ''Bhagyavidhata'' || Surekha
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Hi! Padosi... Kaun Hai Doshi?]]'' || Tabassum Pasha
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]]'' || Ammaji
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Twinkle Beauty Parlour]]'' || Ram Dulari
|-
|
| ''JBC with Javed Jaffery'' || Various
|-
|
| ''[[Sindoor]]'' || Firdaus
|-
|2005-2008
|''[[Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann]]''
|Rasili Bai
|-
|2005
|''[[Remix (TV series)|Remix]]''
|Sonal Maasi
|-
|2005
|''[[India Calling]]''
|Sunita Godbole
|-
|2002
|''[[Lipstick (TV series)|Lipstick]]''
|Guddi
|}

===Films===

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title !! Role
|-
|2000
|''[[Astitva]]''
|Asma Parveen
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004
| ''[[Ek Hasina Thi (film)|Ek Hasina Thi]]'' || The Prisoner
|-
| ''[[Gayab]]'' || The Nag
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Mod (film)|Mod]]'' || Nurse Kutty
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
| ''[[Talaash (2012 film)|Talaash]]'' || Madam
|-
| ''[[Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum]]'' || Socialite
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Laxmi]]'' || Radha
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[The Legend of Michael Mishra]]'' || Chachi
|-
| ''[[Dhanak]]'' || Chachi
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|4740190}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Gulfam}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]

Palkonda Hills

2026-01-15T09:17:34Z

Tanwarpal Singh: started initial entry v1

{{Short description|Hill range in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox mountain range
| name = Palkonda Hills
| other_name = Palkonda
| photo = Andhra Pradesh - Landscapes from Andhra Pradesh, views from Indias South Central Railway (97).JPG
| photo_size = 280
| photo_caption = View of Palkonda Hill Range in [[Kadapa district]]
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| state1 =
| state2 =
| state3 =
| state_type = Provinces/States|
| length_mi =
| length_orientation = northeast-southwest
| highest =
| elevation_ft =
| coordinates = {{coord|14|20|47|N|78|39|06|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| geology =
| geology1 =
| period = Cambrian
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
}}
'''Palkonda Hills''' are a range of hills that form a part of the [[Eastern Ghats]] in the [[southern India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Meaning "milk hills", they run along a northwest to southeast direction, culminating at the pilgrimage centre of [[Tirupati Temple|Tirupati]].

== Etymology ==
The name ''Palkonda'' translates into "milk hills", a combination of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] words ''pāl'' meaning milk and ''konda'' meaning hill. The name is attributed to the presence of [[pasture]] grounds in them.<ref name="dsal.uchicago">{{cite book|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India (Volume 19)|year=1908|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|page=367|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_373.gif}}</ref><ref name="archive">{{cite book|title=Provincial Geographies of India : THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY WITH MYSORE, COORG AND THE ASSOCIATED STATES|year=1913|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|page=20|url=https://archive.org/stream/provincialgeogra03holluoft/provincialgeogra03holluoft_djvu.txt}}</ref>

== Geographical extent ==
The Palkonda range has a southeast to northwest orientation and traverse the districts of [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]] and [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]. These hills average 2,000 ft in elevation. The highest point of the range is at Buttaid where it reaches a height of 3,060 ft. [[Seshachalam Hills]], in the Kadapa and Chitoor district, are closely located.

== Geology ==
The Palkonda hills are relict mountains that can be traced back to the [[Cambrian period]]. They have over the course of over 500 million years been eroded by the [[Penner River|Penner river]] and its tributaries. The hills are largely composed of [[quartzite]] formations interspersed with [[lava]] and [[slate]] deposits.<ref name="books.google">{{cite book|last=Murty|first=M. L. K.|title=Comprehensive History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: Pre- and protohistoric Andhra Pradesh up to 500 BC|year=2003|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=Hyderabad|page=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yK8D8c5-HXAC&q=palkonda+range&pg=PA10|isbn=9788125024750}}</ref><ref name="books.google_a">{{cite book|title=Students' Britannica India, Volume 4|year=2000|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica (India)|location=New Delhi|page=147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISFBJarYX7YC&q=palkonda+hills&pg=PA147|isbn=9780852297605}}</ref>

== Rivers ==
The [[Punchu River|Punchu]] and [[Cheyyeru River|Cheyyeru]] are important rivers of this region and, along with the [[Chitravathi River|Chitravati]] and [[Papagni River|Papagni]] rivers, form a series of river basins that marks the middle course of the Penner river of which they are tributaries. There are several streams between the Palkonda and its parallel range [[Velikonda Range|Velikonda]] that have been dammed to irrigate the valleys between the ranges.<ref name="books.google" /><ref name="books.google_a" /> Jowar and groundnut are the principal crops cultivated here.<ref>{{cite web|title=Palkonda Hills|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/439882/Palkonda-Hills|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref>

== Flora and fauna ==
There are [[teak]] forests in these hills and it is also a habitat of the highly endangered [[Jerdon's courser]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jerdon's Courser: A Precious Rarity|url=http://indiasendangered.com/jerdon%E2%80%99s-courser-a-precious-rarity/|publisher=India's Dangered|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons|year=1862|publisher=Parliament. House of Commons|location=United Kingdom|page=230|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyRcAAAAQAAJ&q=palkonda+range&pg=RA2-PA230}}</ref>

== Human habitations ==
The sacred hill of [[Tirumala]] and temple town of [[Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh|Tirupati]] lies at the southeastern end of the Palkonda range.<ref name="archive" /> The [[Mumbai]]-[[Chennai]] railway line is an important transport artery that runs parallel to the hills through [[Guntakal ]] and [[Renigunta]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Work begins on new rail line in AP|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2002/12/28/stories/2002122801200901.htm|accessdate=28 June 2013|newspaper=The Hindu Businessline|date=28 December 2002}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Eastern Ghats|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Hills of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Eastern Ghats]]
[[Category:Geography of Anantapur district]]
[[Category:Geography of Kadapa district]]

Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri

2026-01-12T04:26:31Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating new stub

{{Short description|Koodiyattam artist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1950
| birth_place = [[Shornur]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Koodiyattam performer
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{URL|http://www.heritageindia.org/sivan.html|Official web site}}
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]] Award Margi Gold Medal Natyakala Ratnam Award Mrinalini Sarabhai Award Smithsonian Institution Certificate of appreciation}}'''Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri''' is an Indian classical theatre performer, the first person from outside [[chakyar]] community to practice [[Koodiyattam]],<ref name="non chakyar">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/mag/2005/01/30/stories/2005013000440500.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140805062603/http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2005/01/30/stories/2005013000440500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 August 2014 | title=Subtle technique | date=30 January 2005 | first=K.K. | last=Gopalakrishnan | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref> from Kerala. He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], in 2012, for his contributions to the art of Koodiyattam, by the Government of India.<ref name="Govt announcement">{{cite web | url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881 | title=Padma Awards Announced | date=25 January 2012 | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs | location=India | access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref>

==Biography==
{{quotebox|align = left|qalign=center|width=24em|''My venture in Koodiyattam was accidental,'' '''says Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri''', ''It happened thanks to [[Kathakali]] maestro Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair and my guru, late [[Painkulam Raman Chakyar]]''<ref name="The Hindu" />}}
[[File:KoodiyattamFaceCostume.jpg|thumb|left|Sivan Namboodiri with Koodiyattam face makeup]]
[[File:Koothambalam at Kerala Kalamandalam.jpg|thumb|240px|Koothambalam at Kerala Kalamandalam]]
[[File:Thoranayudham- Madras1.jpg|Guru [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]] and his troupe performing ''Thoranayudham'' (part of [[Bhasa]]'s play ''Abhiṣeka Nataka'' based on the epic [[Ramayana]]) Koodiyattam (1962, Chennai). It was the first ever Koodiyattam performance outside Kerala.|thumb|right|240px]]

Sivan Namboodiri was born in 1950 to Ammankotu Manakkal Madhavan Namboodiri, a farmer and Devaki Antharjanam, as the youngest of their three sons, at [[Shornur]], [[Palakkad]], in the south Indian state of Kerala.<ref name="The Hindu Bio">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/an-inimitable-artiste/article2949939.ece | title=An inimitable artiste | date=1 March 2012 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=V. R. Prabodhachandran | last=Nayar | access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Kerala Tourism">{{cite web | url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/kalamandalam-sivan-namboodiri/156 | title=Kerala Tourism | access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Artist's web site">{{cite web | url=http://www.heritageindia.org/KS/artist.html | title=Artist's web site | access-date=27 July 2014 | archive-date=12 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812081429/http://www.heritageindia.org/KS/artist.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> He had his early schooling at [[Kanayam]] and [[Vadanamkurissi]], but, being a poor student, had to drop out of school at Grade 7. He joined [[Kerala Kalamandalam]], in 1965, at the age of 14, to learn [[Kathakali]].

During that period, the renowned Koodiyattam maestro, [[Painkulam Raman Chakyar]], was in the process of setting up the Koodiyattam department at Kalamandalam and, on the insistence of [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]], the founder of the institute, and K. N. Pisharody, Sivan changed his course to study Koodiyattam, as one of the two students of the first batch of Koodiyattam.<ref name="The Hindu Bio" /> Sivan was fortunate to learn the art from the masters such as Painkulam Raman Chakyar, [[Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair]] (Kathakali thespian), and [[Kalamandalam Krishnankutty Poduval]] (Chenda exponent).<ref name="Kerala Tourism" /><ref name="Artist's web site" />

After the initial study of 6 years, Sivan enrolled for the post graduate course of 2 years at Kalamandalam. This was followed by an advanced course in New Delhi, with the help of a scholarship from the Department of Culture, Government of India.<ref name="Kerala Tourism" /><ref name="Artist's web site" />

In 1975, he joined Kerala Kalamandalam as an instructor in the Faculty of Koodiyattam and, at present, is the most experienced teacher there. In 1980, [[University of Calicut]] invited him to be a part of the School of Drama where is working as a visiting professor since then.<ref name="Artist's web site" />

Sivan Namboodiri is married to Indira, [[Sanskrit]] teacher at a local school and the couple has two children. The family lives in Palakkad.<ref name="The Hindu Bio" />

==Career highlights==
The highlight of Sivan Namboodiri's career came in Paris, when he performed two acts, ''Kailasoddhaaranam'' ([[Ravana]] lifting [[Mount Kailasa]]) and ''Parvathiviraham'' ([[Goddess Parvathi]]'s separation from [[Lord Siva]]), before a UNESCO jury to select art forms to be considered for inclusion in UNESCO's [[Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]]. The jury approved the inclusion of Koodiyattam subsequent to the show.<ref name="The Hindu Interview">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/an-inimitable-artiste/article2949939.ece | title=The Hindu Interview | newspaper=The Hindu | date=March 2012 | access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

He also performed in Germany at the Cologne Festival in 1980.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/01/30/stories/2005013000440500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204151232/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/01/30/stories/2005013000440500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 February 2005 | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Title unknown | date=2005-01-30 | access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Sivan Namboodiri was the first artist from outside the [[chakyar]] community to perform Koodiyattam. He is also considered as the first person to learn Koodiyattam in an institutional way; till his entry, Koodiyattam was taught under the [[gurukula]] system. Another first attributed to Sivan Namboodiri is that he was the first male to perform [[Nangyar Koothu]] which was the domain of [[Nangiaramma|nangiars]], the ladies from [[Nambiar (Ambalavasi/Mizhavu)|Nambiar]] community. He is also credited with revolutionizing the Koodiyattam costumes and accompanying music.<ref name="Amazon">{{cite book | title=Amazon | isbn=8188698083 }}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
2007 He Got Sangeet Natak academy award for Kutiyattam
* [[Padma Shri]] - 2012<ref name="Govt announcement" /><ref name="Amazon" />
* Margi Gold Medal for Best Young Koodiyattam Performer - 1970<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Awards">{{cite web | url=http://www.heritageindia.org/KS/achievements.html | title=Awards | access-date=27 July 2014 | archive-date=12 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812081444/http://www.heritageindia.org/KS/achievements.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Margi Gold Medal for Best Young Koodiyattam Performer - 1971<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Awards" />
* Margi Gold Medal for Best Young Koodiyattam Performer - 1972<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Awards" />
* Natyakala Ratnam Award of Calcutta Malayalee Association - 1992<ref name="Awards" />
* Junior Fellowship - the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development]], Department of Culture, New Delhi - 1995<ref name="Awards" />
* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] for Koodiyattam - 1998<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Awards" />
* [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]] Award for Classical excellence - 1999 (he is the first recipient of the award)<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Awards" />
* Certificate of appreciation from the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian Institution, Washington]]<ref name="Amazon" /><ref name="Awards" />

==Works==
[[Invis Multimedia]] has brought out an almost hour-long video on the performance of Sivan Namboodiri.<ref name="Kutiyattam Kailasodharanam">{{cite AV media | url=https://www.amazon.com/Kutiyattam-Kailasodharanam-Kalamandalam-Sivan-Namboodiri/dp/8188698083 | title=Kutiyattam Kailasodharanam | publisher=[[Invis Multimedia]] | date=5 May 2006 | medium=NTSC on DVD |author=Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri |isbn=8188698083}}</ref>
* {{cite book
| title = Kutiyattam Kailasodharanam
| author = Kalamandalam Sivan Namboothiri
| year = 2005
| publisher = Invis Multimedia
|isbn=8188698083
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Koodiyattam]]
* [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]]
* [[Ammannur Madhava Chakyar]]
* [[Painkulam Raman Chakyar]]
* [[Mani Damodara Chakyar]]
* [[Ammannur Rajaneesh Chakyar]]
* [[Natyakalpadrumam]]
* [[Arts of Kerala]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|MItlDo6Zhn4|Performance - 1}}
* {{YouTube|PSZm3SsaQ0A|Performance - 2}}
* {{YouTube|AqVwZZO82GA|Performance - 3}}
* {{YouTube|o_RPvlTipFo|Performance - 4}}
* {{YouTube|xaj1WOLsH9I|Performance - 5}}
* {{YouTube|kKDkuoFhNR8|Performance - 6}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Dance in India}}

{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namboodiri, Kalamandalam Sivan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Arts of Kerala]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Koodiyattam dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

M. K. Sankaran Namboothiri

2026-01-08T00:06:00Z

Tanwarpal Singh: rework structure for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2009}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Sankaran Namboothiri
| image = Sankaran.jpeg
| caption = Sankaran Namboothiri during music concert in New York
| image_size = 
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1971|04|23}}
| birth_place = [[Punnayam]], [[Perumbavoor]], [[Ernakulam district]], Kerala, India
| death_date =
| origin = [[Kochi, India|Kochi]], Kerala, India
| instrument =
| genre = [[Indian classical music]] and [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]
| occupation = Singer
| years_active = 1980–present
}}
'''M. K. Sankaran Namboothiri''' (a.k.a. Pranavam Sankaran Namboothiri) (born 1971) is a Carnatic classical music vocalist and playback singer from [[Kerala]]. He is the youngest A Top grade vocalist with All India Radio. Renowned as a child prodigy, he started learning music at the age of ten under the tutelage of C. S. Narayanan Namboothiri. He later trained under [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]], [[Mavelikkara Prabhakara Varma]], and [[K. V. Narayanaswamy]].

He has conducted concerts in India as well as many foreign countries.

==Personal life==
Sankaran Namboothiri was born to Krishnan Namboothiri (Kathakali singer) and Adithi Devi Antharjanom (Madom Illam, Punnayam) in the year 1971. His native place is 'Punnayam' (asamannoor village). He has two elder brothers, Krishnan Namboothiri (Retired Deputy Tahasildar, perumbavoor) and Narayanan Namboothiri (college lecturer VTB college, Palakkad)

He is married to Ms. Smitha Shankaran from Cherthala and they have a child named Sangeeth Krishnan. Currently lives in Vennala, Cochin.

==Awards==
* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/2609282/2013-11-10/kerala |title=Kerala News - സംഗീതനാടക അക്കാദമി കലാശ്രീ പുരസ്‌കാരങ്ങള്‍ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു - India, World News - Mathrubhumi Newspaper Edition |accessdate=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110020537/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/story/2609282/2013-11-10/kerala |archivedate=10 November 2013 }}</ref>
* Isai – Pulamai Selvan by Lions Club International, Madras in 1984
* Kala Prathibha by M G University, Kerala in 1987
* Ganamrutha Surabi by Sree Vidya Peedam Kaladaikurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu
* Isai Mamani by Harinagar Tamil Association, New Delhi in 1990
* Yuvakala Bharathi by Bharath Kalachar, Chennai in 1995
* Lifetime achievement award by [[United Writers' Association]], Chennai in 2000
* Thulasivana Puraskar by Thulasivana Sangeetha Parishath, 2000
* Best Play Back Singer Award from Gandhi Study Center, Doordarshan Kendra and Raagom Cultural Center in 2008 for the song "Chittattinkaavil" from the film "Nivedyam"

==Film songs==
{| class = "sortable wikitable"
!Year !! Song !! Film !! Music director
|-
| 2006 || Kathakali Patham || [[Vadakkumnathan]] || [[Raveendran]]
|-
| 2006 || Chakani Raja || [[Madhuchandralekha]] || [[M Jayachandran]]
|-
| 2007 || Azhakaarnna || Kanakasimhasanam || [[M Jayachandran]]
|-
| 2007 || Chittattin Kaavil || Nivedyam || [[M Jayachandran]]
|-
| 2007 || Pal Kadalil || Romeo || [[Alex Paul]]
|-
| 2008 || Vidhiyil || Swarnam || [[Mohan Sithara]]
|-
|}

==Malayalam Album Songs==
*Pranayamarmaram – 2009.
*[[Bhagwan Sri Sathya Sai Sapthathi]] – 2008.
*[[Jai Jai Bhairavi Carnatic Krithis]] – 2008.

==External links==
*[http://sankarannamboothiri.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406150936/http://www.sankarannamboothiri.com/ |date=6 April 2025 }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Music of Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Namboothiri, Sankaran}}
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singers from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

{{Carnatic-music-stub}}

Mama Parmanand

2026-01-07T20:51:35Z

Tanwarpal Singh: New Basic Details Needs Work

{{Short description|Indian social reformer (1838–1893)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mama Parmanand
| image = Mama Parmanand-Konkani Vishwakosh.png
| caption =
| birth_name = Narayan Mahadev Parmanand
| birth_date = 3 July 1838
| birth_place = Maungao, [[Sawantwadi]], [[Konkan]], India
| death_date = 13 September 1893 (aged 55)
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| occupation = Social reformer, journalist, teacher, administrator
| spouse = Jankibai
| education = Elphinstone Institute, [[University of Mumbai]]
| known_for = Founding member of [[Prarthana Samaj]], First editor of ''Native Opinion'', Mentor to [[Kashinath Trimbak Telang]]
| notable_works = ''Pitrubodh'' (1877)
}}

'''Mama Parmanand''' (3 July 1838 – 13 September 1893), born as '''Narayan Mahadev Parmanand''', was an Indian social reformer, journalist, and a founding member of the [[Prarthana Samaj]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999">{{cite wikisource |editor-first1=Tanaji |editor-last1=Halarnkar |editor-link1=Tanaji Halarnkar |others= |title=Konkani Vishwakosh |trans-title=Konkani Encyclopaedia |wslink=Page:Konkani Viswakosh Vol3.pdf/694 |type= |edition= |series= |pages=694–695 |volume=3 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Goa University]] |location=Goa |language=gom |wslanguage=gom }}</ref> Regarded by [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] as a "Political Rishi" (''Rajkiya Rishi''), he served as a prominent advisor to several key figures of the Indian independence and reform movements.<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh">{{cite web |title=परमानंद, नारायण महादेव |url=https://vishwakosh.marathi.gov.in/28916/ |website=Marathi Vishwakosh |publisher=Government of Maharashtra |language=mr}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Parmanand was born on 3 July 1838 in the village of Maungao, located near [[Sawantwadi]] in the [[Konkan]] region.<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" /> His father, Mahadev, died when Parmanand was only a year old. Raised by his mother, Gangabai, he received his primary education in his maternal uncle's village, where his mother supported the family by running a small shop. He later moved to [[Mumbai]] for further studies.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />
He attended the Elphinstone Institute in Mumbai, where he was a distinguished student, earning the "West Scholarship" and the "Claire Scholarship".<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" /> Parmanand gained a reputation as a scholar and cleared the [[matriculation]] examination following the establishment of the [[University of Mumbai]]. Although he initially enrolled for a B.A. degree, financial difficulties forced him to discontinue his studies and take up a teaching position at Elphinstone High School, where he worked from 1864 to 1868.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" /> During this time, he mentored students such as the researcher [[Kashinath Trimbak Telang]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

== Career ==
Parmanand's professional life included roles in education, journalism, and government administration. After a brief period working in [[Sindh]], he returned to Mumbai due to health concerns and transitioned from teaching to a career in writing and public service.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

=== Journalism and writing ===
Parmanand was a prolific journalist and served as the first editor of the newspaper ''Native Opinion'', which launched on 4 January 1864.<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" /> He was also heavily involved with other influential publications, including ''[[Induprakash]]'', ''Indian Spectator'', and ''Subodh Patrika''.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /> He was a dedicated contributor to ''Subodh Patrika'', the official mouthpiece of the [[Prarthana Samaj]], and continued to write for the journal until his death, even while bedridden.<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" />

=== Administrative roles ===
Parmanand held several significant administrative positions:
* Naib Diwan: He served as the Naib Diwan (Deputy Collector) of the [[Cutch State|Kutch State]], contributing to various administrative reforms before resigning due to political interference.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" />
* Registrar: Following his return to Mumbai, he was appointed as a Registrar at the [[Bombay High Court]] by Sir [[William Wedderburn]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />
* Government Official: He also served as the Secretary of the Labor Department and as a Superintendent in the Revenue and General Departments. He later held the position of Secretary to the Municipality.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" />

== Social reform and religious work ==
A core member and promoter of the [[Prarthana Samaj]], which he joined in 1867, Parmanand believed that religious reform was a prerequisite for national progress.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" /> He founded the "Hindu Social Reform Association" and was a staunch advocate for [[widow remarriage]]. His home often served as a refuge for remarried couples and a gathering place for students and social activists. His reformist outlook was notably influenced by the biography of [[Benjamin Franklin]].<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" />

== Influence and legacy ==
Parmanand was highly respected as a political thinker. In addition to [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]], Sir William Wedderburn, and [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]], his counsel was sought by leaders such as [[Badruddin Tyabji]] and [[Pherozeshah Mehta]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" />

His book ''Pitrubodh'', published in 1877 and dedicated to his father, was translated into English, Marathi, and Gujarati.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /><ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" /> He was supported in his social endeavors by his wife, Jankibai.<ref name="MarathiVishwakosh" /> Parmanand died in Mumbai on 13 September 1893.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mama Parmanand}}
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]

Jagat Narain Mulla

2025-11-16T09:38:51Z

Tanwarpal Singh: reworked layout based on references after review

{{Short description|Lawyer and public prosecutor}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Pandit]]
| name =
| image = Jagat Narayan Mulla.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date text|14 December 1864}}
| birth_place = [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])}}
| death_date = {{death-date and age|11 December 1938|14 December 1864}}
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])}}
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| children = [[Anand Narain Mulla]]
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Barrister]]|[[Lawyer]]}}
| profession =
| office = [[List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Lucknow|Vice-Chancellors of the University of Lucknow]]
| term_start = 1930
| term_end = 1932
}}
'''Pandit Jagat Narain Mulla''' (14 December 1864 in Kashmir – 11 December 1938) was a prominent lawyer and public prosecutor in [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] during the [[British Raj]]. He served as the public prosecutor on behalf of the British in the [[Kakori conspiracy|Kakori case]].

The [[Kakori conspiracy|Kakori Incident]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arrests and Martyrdom {{!}} Sankalp India Foundation |url=https://www.sankalpindia.net/book/arrests-and-martyrdom |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=www.sankalpindia.net}}</ref> involved Pandit [[Ram Prasad Bismil]], [[Ashfaqulla Khan]], [[Chandrashekhar Azad]], [[Roshan Singh]], and other revolutionaries who planned to rob the government treasury from a train at Kakori station near Lucknow to fund an armed revolution in India.

==Early and personal life==
Jagat Narain Mulla was born to Pandit Kali Sahay Mulla;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=Jagat Narain Mulla |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Jagat-Narain-Mulla/6000000010515037188 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=geni_family_tree |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kashmiri Pandits]] held a government position in the [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], allowing Jagat Narayan to receive his education there. He completed his law studies at [[Agra University]] and started his legal practice in [[Lucknow]], quickly gaining a reputation among the prominent lawyers of his time. He served as the Vice Chancellor of Lucknow University for three years. He maintained close relationships with notable figures such as [[Motilal Nehru|Pandit Motilal Nehru]], Babu Ganga Prasad Verma, [[C. Y. Chintamani]], [[Bishan Narayan Dar]] and Chaubey Mukta Prasad.

He was the father of [[Anand Narain Mulla]], an [[Urdu poetry|Urdu poet]] and a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in independent India.

==Career==
Jagat Narain Mulla was the Chairman of the Reception Committee of the Lucknow session of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1916 and served as the President of the Lucknow Municipality for 15 years. He was also a member of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre#Hunter Commission|Hunter Commission]], which was formed to investigate the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]; as one of the three Indian members of the committee, he expressed disagreement with the report's findings. Following the [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms]], he was elected as a member of the United Provinces Legislative Council and appointed Minister for Local Self-Government. Additionally, he served as the [[List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Lucknow|Vice-Chancellor of the University of Lucknow]] for three years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Lucknow / Former Vice Chancellors |url=https://www.lkouniv.ac.in/article/en/past-vice-chancellors |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=www.lkouniv.ac.in}}</ref> contributing to the institution's growth and prominence. Furthermore, he was the public prosecutor in the [[Kakori conspiracy|Kakori Conspiracy Case]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-11 |title=100 years ago, when a train robbery shook the Empire |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/100-years-ago-when-a-train-robbery-shook-the-empire-9506973/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> of 1926, where he successfully proved the involvement of the Hindustan Republican Association ([[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|HRA]]) in the robbery.

== Demise ==

In his later years, Jagat Narayan Mulla's health deteriorated, leading him to seek treatment in [[Switzerland]]. He died on 11 December 1938.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mulla, Jagat Narain}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Brahmins]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Lawyers in British India]]
[[Category:People from the United Provinces of British India]]

Tejas Networks

2025-11-14T22:13:13Z

Tanwarpal Singh: creating initial stub added tags

{{Short description|Telecommunications equipment company}}
{{Promotional|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tejas Networks
| logo =
| traded_as = {{NSE|TEJASNET}} {{BSE|540595}}
| type = [[Public]]
| industry = [[Telecommunications equipment]]
| foundation = 2000
| location_city = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]
| location_country = India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Anand Athreya ([[CEO]] & MD) Arnob Roy ([[Executive Director]] & [[Chief operating officer|COO]]) Kumar N. Sivarajan ([[Chief technology officer|CTO]])
| products = xPON-based Fiber Broadband Access, Converged Packet Optical, OTN/DWDM, PTN, Carrier Ethernet Routing & Switching, 4G/LTE based Wireless Broadband, Satellite Communication Devices, Broadcast Devices
| revenue = {{increase}}
{{INRconvert|8968.63|c}} (2025) <ref name="Tata Financials"/>
| operating_income = {{increase}}
{{INRconvert|698.24|c}} (2025) <ref name="Tata Financials"/>
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|446.53|c}} (2025)<ref name="Tata Financials">{{cite web |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/89b30671-f450-44c5-b17e-c93b867b7401.pdf |title=Tejas Networks Overview |work=Tejas Networks}}</ref>
| assets = {{increase}}
{{INRconvert|10462|c}} (2025) <ref name="Tata Financials"/>
| equity = {{increase}}
{{INRconvert|3846|c}} (2025)<ref name="Tata Financials"/>
| num_employees = 1900+
| parent = [[Tata Sons]]
| homepage = {{url|https://www.tejasnetworks.com/}}
}}
'''Tejas Networks''' is an optical, broadband and data networking products company based in [[India]]. The company designs develops and sells its products to telecom service providers, internet service providers, utilities, security and government entities in 75 countries. The company has built many IPs in multiple areas of telecom networking and has emerged as an exporter to other developing countries including [[Southeast Asia]] and Africa.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |title=Tejas Networks Limited: Ratings downgraded to [ICRA]A-(Stable)/ [ICRA]A2+ |url=https://www.icra.in/Rationale/ShowRationaleReport/?Id=95715 |journal=ICRA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejas Networks India Pte. - A Venture in India - Case - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=33931 |access-date=2021-06-28 |website=www.hbs.edu}}</ref>

== History ==
Founded in 2000 by Sanjay Nayak with initial funding from [[Gururaj Deshpande]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=April 6, 2011|title=Tejas Networks: Building global network |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/it-services/tejas-networks-building-global-network/articleshow/7882563.cms|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> They were later joined by Kumar Sivarajan (an academic at [[Indian Institute of Science]], [[Bangalore]] and author of a book on optical fiber) along with Arnob Roy (an ex-colleague of Nayak).<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Bartzokas|first1=Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntDSAgAAQBAJ&q=Tejas+Network&pg=PA202|title=Financial Systems, Corporate Investment in Innovation, and Venture Capital|last2=Mani|first2=Sunil|date=2004-01-01|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-84542-064-2|language=en}}</ref> Tejas Network made a beginning with the development of Intelligent Network technologies. These networks transferred data between two points at the precise speed as per the requirements of the customer. The network also rerouted and cleaned the traffic in case of disruptions<ref name=":0" /> During 2002–2003, the company acquired ten customers.<ref name=":2" />

Tejas Networks went public on BSE and NSE in June 2017 with a valuation of Rs 2301 crore ({{Crore|2301}}).The organization is considered to be the first listed player in the optical networking equipment space in India by Centrum Broking analysts Alpesh Thacker and Siddhartha Khemka. The anchor investors that bet on Tejas Networks ahead of its IPO were namely Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, East Bridge Capital and PremjiInvest, the family investment arm of [[Wipro|Wipro Ltd]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-15|title=Tejas Networks IPO covered 40% on day 2|url=https://www.vccircle.com/tejas-networks-ipo-covered-40-on-day-2|access-date=2021-07-12|website=VCCircle|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, Tejas Network developed the world's largest disaggregated packet-optical switch that was called TJ1600S/I.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ue_KDwAAQBAJ|title=Delhi Current Affairs General Knowledge Yearbook 2020|publisher=New Era Publication|language=en}}</ref>

[[ICRA Limited|ICRA]] reported a downward shift in their rating because the revenue and profitability of the company experienced a decline in the financial year 2020. The decrease in revenue was accounted to reduced revenue from government and the international market.<ref name=":12" />

On 29 July 2021, [[Tata Sons]], through its subsidiary Panatone Finvest Limited, initiated an investment in Tejas Networks to buy a 43.35% stake for Rs 1884 crore through shares and warrants.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tejas Networks announces a strategic investment from Panatone Finvest Limited, a subsidiary of Tata Sons Private Limited, for a controlling stake in the company – Company Announcement - FT.com|url=https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/detail?dockey=600-202107290505CANADANWCANADAPR_C4546-1|access-date=2021-08-11|website=markets.ft.com}}</ref> According to ''The Economic Times'', Tejas Networks is looking to use Tata group’s backing to expand its telecom products portfolio.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tejas to expand telecom gear portfolio, take on global biggies after Tata sale - ET Telecom|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/tejas-to-expand-telecom-gear-portfolio-take-on-global-biggies-after-tata-sale/85096327|access-date=2021-09-13|website=ETTelecom.com|language=en}}</ref> In March 2022, Tejas Networks acquired 64% of Saankhya Labs, an Indian [[wireless communication]] and [[semiconductor]] company.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-31 |title=Tejas Networks up 5% as co to acquire 64% stake in Saankhya Labs |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/tejas-networks-up-5-as-co-to-acquire-64-stake-in-saankhya-labs-122033100400_1.html |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref> In April 2022, Tata Sons, through Panatone Finvest Limited, increased its shareholding of Tejas Networks to 52.45%, and thus, acquired the majority of Tejas' shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Panatone Finvest increases stake in Tejas Networks to 52.45%; Stock zooms 3% |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/panatone-finvest-increases-stake-in-tejas-networks-to-52-45-stock-zooms-3-122040800295_1.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.indiainfoline.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Business ==
Tejas also has products created on 10G-PON technology, and its equipment are upgradable to 5G. They help private telecom operators in India by supplying GPON equipment. They are partnering with system integrators to bid for BSNL’s 4G tender and investing in 4G wireless. Tejas also supports BSNL’s optical transmission network.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

The company is supplying its products to [[Bharti Airtel]] for supporting optical network and implementing 5G backhaul, B2B services and broadband applications.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This telecom equipment maker is up six fold in one year while waiting for production linked incentives|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/airtel-supplier-tejas-networks-up-six-fold-before-pli-approval/articleshow/86607753.cms|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Business Insider}}</ref>

Tejas Networks also supplies [https://www.stl.tech/blog/everything-about-gpon-gigabit-passive-optical-network/#:~:text=GPON%20full%20form%20is%20Gigabit,fiber%20connections%20to%20the%20premises. GPON] equipment to private telecom operators in India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2019-02-25|title=Tejas Networks Launches World's First Ultra-Converged Broadband Product at Mobile World Congress, Barcelona|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/tejas-networks-launches-world-s-first-ultra-converged-broadband-product-at-mobile-world-congress-barcelona-119022500791_1.html|access-date=2021-11-09}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Khan|first=Danish|title=Homebred gear vendor Tejas eyes home broadband; to bid for BSNL 4G via system integrator|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/homebred-gear-vendor-tejas-eyes-home-broadband-to-bid-for-bsnl-4g-via-system-integrator/articleshow/80139623.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-11-09}}</ref>

Tejas' GPON solution has been deployed in [[BharatNet]], it is the world's largest greenfield rural broadband rollout delivering high-speed Internet services to more than 200 million people. Tejas Equipments have helped provide broadband internet to all of India's [[gram panchayat]]s and has helped connect 40,000 villages so far.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Tejas’ broadband products are helping 70% requirement of the BharatNet project.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Homebred gear vendor Tejas bets big on wired broadband expansion; to bid for BSNL 4G via SI - ET Telecom|url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/homebred-gear-vendor-tejas-eyes-home-broadband-bsnl-4g-opportunities/80113851|access-date=2021-12-21|website=ETTelecom.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Airtel selects Tejas Networks for optical network expansion|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/airtel-selects-tejas-networks-for-optical-network-expansion-875934212.html|access-date=2021-12-21|website=www.newswire.ca|language=en}}</ref>

Tejas Networks has filed for 520+ patents, of which 127 have been granted.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tejas Networks registers ₹33.6 crore net profit in Q4|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/tejas-networks-registers-336-crore-net-profit-in-q4/article34377920.ece|access-date=2021-07-12|website=@businessline|date=21 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> They compete with other players in market like Ericsson, [[Nokia Networks|Nokia-Siemens]], [[Huawei]], Alcatel-Lucent, [[Ciena]] and Adva.<ref name=":0" /> With the help of PLI Scheme, Tejas is increasing the production to support local demand and reduce $5 billion import bill for the FTTx segment.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5"/>

== Awards and recognition ==
Tejas Networks was recognized with the 2023 Voice and Data Excellence award in the "[[Make in India]]" category for their state-of-the-art TJ1400 Access and Aggregation Routers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejas Networks wins Voice and Data Excellence award for its Carrier Router Portfolio |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/tejas-networks-wins-voice-and-data-excellence-award-for-its-carrier-router-portfolio20240322121739/}}</ref>

== Partnerships ==
In April 2023, Tejas Networks secured a significant contract valued at Rs 696 crore from [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)]] to upgrade their pan-India [[IP/MPLS|IP-MPLS]]-based Access and Aggregation Network (MAAN). This project involved supplying over 13,000 of Tejas Networks' next-generation TJ1400 routers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejas Networks wins largest order in history worth Rs 696 crore from BSNL - Shares rise |date=3 April 2023 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/stocks/tejas-networks-single-largest-order-696-crore-bsnl-aggregation-network-16320921.htm}}</ref>

In August 2023, Tejas Networks secured a ₹7,492 crore contract to supply its latest [[4G]]/[[5G]] [[Radio access network|Radio Access Network]] (RAN) equipment for [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited's (BSNL)]] pan-India network, encompassing 100,000 sites. This involved a contract with [[Tata Consultancy Services|Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)]] for supplying, supporting, and maintaining Tejas' equipment for [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited|BSNL]]'s nationwide [[4G|4G/5G network]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejas bags ₹7,492 crore BSNL contract | work=The Economic Times | date=16 August 2023 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/tejas-bags-7492-crore-bsnl-contract/articleshow/102780929.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>

In October 2023, Tejas Networks started its collaboration with FibreConnect, an [[Italian language|Italian]] wholesale telecom infrastructure developer. Tejas Networks is the sole supplier for FibreConnect's [[FTTP]] (fiber-to-the-premise) rollout, providing a range of products including [[DWDM]]/PTN/OTN for Core, xPON and Ethernet for Access. This collaboration for [[Government of Italy|Italian government's]] 'Transition 4.0' plan to digitize the manufacturing sector by providing broadband infrastructure to underserved industrial areas.

In March 2024, Tejas Networks signed a [[Memorandum of understanding|Memorandum of Understanding]] (MoU) with [[Telecom Egypt]] (TE), the Information Technology Industry Development Agency (ITIDA), and the National Telecom Institute (NTI) of Egypt. They started large-scale broadband projects in India, specifically the [[BharatNet|Bharatnet]] (rural broadband) and [[National Knowledge Network|NKN (National Knowledge Network)]] initiatives, to develop similar infrastructure in [[Egypt]] and set up technical support services within Egypt to cater to both domestic and regional ([[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]) customers. This partnership is to contribute to Egypt's "Digital Egypt" vision by expanding internet access, fostering technological expertise, and creating job opportunities in the telecom sector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejas Networks signs MoU with Telecom Egypt |url=https://www.business-standard.com/markets/capital-market-news/tejas-networks-signs-mou-with-telecom-egypt-124032600102_1.html}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Tejas Networks bags ₹7,492 crore BSNL contract |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/tejas-bags-7492-crore-bsnl-contract/articleshow/102780929.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>{{Telecommunication companies of India}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Companies|Technology}}
[[Category:2000 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Electronics companies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Telecommunications equipment vendors]]
[[Category:VoIP companies]]
[[Category:Tata Sons subsidiaries]]