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Church of God (Full Gospel) in India

2026-04-29T02:44:39Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Short description|Pentecostal Christian denomination}}{{Infobox Christian denomination
|name = Church Of God (Full Gospel) in India (COG)
|image = Church of God Emblem.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
|imagewidth = 140px
|caption = Cross with wave of the Holy Spirit
|abbreviation = COG in India
|main_classification = [[Protestant]], [[Evangelicalism]]
|orientation = [[Pentecostal]]
|polity = Reformed Episcopal
|headquarters = [[Mulakuzha]], India
|founder = [[Robert F. Cook]]
|founded_date = Started in 1917
|separated_from =
|branched_from =
|merger =
|separations =
|area = India and Gulf Countries
|congregations =
|members =
|website =
|footnotes = }}

The '''Church of God (Full Gospel)''' '''in India''' is the registered name of the [[Church of God (Cleveland)]]‘s branch in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=A |first=Sam Paul |date=2024-05-25 |title=A guardian of faith and nature |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-guardian-of-faith-and-nature/article68211558.ece |access-date=2025-06-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Church of God (Cleveland)]] is a Pentecostal church that has over 36,000 churches and 7 million members in 178 countries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF GOD |url=https://churchofgod.org/about/a-brief-history-of-the-church-of-god/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Church Of God |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 19 August 1886, the Church of God began in Monroe County, Tennessee, near the North Carolina border.Eight persons formed a gathering, a Christian Union, guided by former Baptist Richard Green Spurling to follow New Testament as a rule of faith and practice.<ref name=":0" />

In July 2012, a web presentation of ''125 Years of Church of God Ministry'', was done at the 74th International General Assembly in Orlando, Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Living the Word |url=https://www.cogheritage.org/livingtheword.html |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=CHURCH OF GOD HERITAGE MINISTRIES |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:COGCWR HQ Building.jpg|thumb|Central West Region headquarter building.]]

== See also ==
* [[Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)]]
* [[Pentecostalism]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Pentecostal denominations in Asia]]
{{Christianity in Kerala}}
[[Category:Christianity in Kerala]]
[[Category:Saint Thomas Christians]]

{{Pentecostal-stub}}

Amitabh Bachchan filmography

2026-04-27T14:22:19Z

Tanjerul Islam: Creating Stub

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
[[Amitabh Bachchan]] is an Indian actor, playback singer, film producer, television host and former politician who primarily works in [[Hindi]] films. He made his acting debut in 1969 with the film ''[[Saat Hindustani]]'' for which he won his 1st National Award for Best Newcomer
<ref>{{Cite news |title=Filmography: Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/filmography-amitabh-bachchan/story-0vSzIqIdDrSNhNRq87M1VP.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101504/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/filmography-amitabh-bachchan/story-0vSzIqIdDrSNhNRq87M1VP.html |url-status=live |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 October 2008 |access-date=3 October 2020}}</ref> and also narrated [[Mrinal Sen]]'s ''[[Bhuvan Shome]]'', that same year.<ref name="ode">{{Cite news |last = Gera |first=Sonal |date=11 October 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan at 73: An ode to the undisputed 'Shahenshah' of Bollywood |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028155451/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/ |archive-date=28 October 2015}}</ref> He later appeared as Dr. Bhaskar Banerjee in [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]'s ''[[Anand (1971 film)|Anand]]'' (1971), for which he won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref name="ode" /> In 1973, Bachchan played his breakthrough role of Inspector Vijay Khanna in [[Prakash Mehra]]'s action film ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]''. He has since appeared in many films playing characters with the name "Vijay".<ref name="vijay">{{Cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan aka Vijay |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/marrakech-film-festival/photo/amitabh-bachchan-as-vijay-in-films-368344-2012-10-01 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113115619/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/amitabh-bachchan-as-vijay-in-films/1/7863.html |archive-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> That same year, he appeared in ''[[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]'' and ''[[Namak Haraam]]''. For the latter, he received the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. He starred along with [[Shashi Kapoor]] in [[Yash Chopra]]'s ''[[Deewaar]]'', in 1975, which earned him widespread critical acclaim and popularity and also earned him a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] nomination. He was cited as the "angry young man" for his roles in ''Zanjeer'' and ''Deewaar''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2002 |title=Film legend promotes Bollywood |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1945451.stm |url-status=live |access-date=22 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324060409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1945451.stm |archive-date=24 March 2012}}</ref> That same year, he also starred in [[Ramesh Sippy]]'s ''[[Sholay]]'', which is considered to be [[List of films considered the best|one of the greatest Indian films of all time]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandya |first=Haresh |date=27 December 2007 |title=G. P. Sippy, Indian Filmmaker Whose ''Sholay'' Was a Bollywood Hit, Dies at 93 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/27/arts/27Sippy.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828135232/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/27/arts/27Sippy.html |archive-date=28 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Top 10 Indian Films |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515101729/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india/ |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=14 June 2012 |website=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref> After appearing in the romantic drama ''[[Kabhie Kabhie (1976 film)|Kabhie Kabhie]]'' (1976), Bachchan starred in [[Manmohan Desai]]'s highest grosser action-comedy ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' (1977). He again won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his performance in the latter. He then played dual roles of [[Don (character)|Don]] and Vijay in ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978), which again earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the second consecutive year. All three films were huge blockbusters.

[[File:BACHCHAN Amitabh 03-24x30-2009b.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|alt=Amitabh Bachchan is looking at the camera.|Studio publicity photograph of Bachchan in 2009]]

Bachchan's stardom continued to roar in the early 1980s and his critically and commercially successful films from this period include ''[[Dostana (1980 film)|Dostana]]'' (1980), ''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]'' (1980), ''[[Ram Balram]]'' (1980), ''[[Naseeb (1981 film)|Naseeb]]'' (1981), ''[[Lawaaris (1981 film)|Lawaaris]]'' (1981), ''[[Kaalia]]'' (1981), ''[[Yaarana]]'' (1981), ''[[Satte Pe Satta]]'' (1982), ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' (1982), ''[[Namak Halaal]]'' (1982), ''[[Khud-Daar]]'' (1982), ''[[Andha Kanoon]]'' (1983) and ''[[Coolie (1983 Hindi film)|Coolie]]'' (1983). His performances in films like ''Dostana'' and ''Shakti'' earned him many nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. He suffered a near-fatal injury while shooting for ''Coolie''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2013 |title=Five lessons from Amitabh Bachchan's life |url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-career-five-lessons-from-amitabh-bachchans-life/20130614.htm#5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108095214/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-career-five-lessons-from-amitabh-bachchans-life/20130614.htm |archive-date=8 November 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> His workload decreased for the upcoming four years (1984–1988), but he found great commercial and critical success with the films ''[[Sharaabi (1984 film)|Sharaabi]]'' (1984), ''[[Geraftaar]]'' (1985) and ''[[Mard (1985 film)|Mard]]'' (1985). In 1988, he returned to the screen with the box-office success ''[[Shahenshah (1988 film)|Shahenshah]]''.<ref name="legend">{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Gitanjali |date=7 December 2012 |title=Amitabh Bachchan: What legends are made of |url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/amitabh-bachchan-what-legends-are-made-of-501369 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065600/http://www.ndtv.com/people/amitabh-bachchan-what-legends-are-made-of-501369 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Denison |first1=Rayna |author-link=Rayna Denison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhERCgAAQBAJ&q=amitabh+bachchan+shahenshah+poor+received&pg=PT136 |title=Superheroes on World Screens |last2=Mizsei Ward |first2=Rachel |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-62674-674-9 |page=136 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101514/https://books.google.com/books?id=OhERCgAAQBAJ&q=amitabh+bachchan+shahenshah+poor+received&pg=PT136 |url-status=live }}</ref> Two years later in 1990, Bachchan played the role of gangster Vijay Deenanath Chauhan in [[Mukul S. Anand]]'s ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]'', which earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] and later starred in ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'' (1991), which was a commercial success. Despite being a box-office failure, the former garnered him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] and has since developed a [[Cult film|cult status]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chintamani |first=Gautam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AuiBQAAQBAJ&q=cult+status+agneepath&pg=PT163 |title=Dark Star: The Loneliness of Being Rajesh Khanna |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2014 |isbn=978-93-5136-340-8 |page=163 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101505/https://books.google.com/books?id=5AuiBQAAQBAJ&q=cult+status+agneepath&pg=PT163 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Roshmila |date=16 September 2011 |title=Agneepath to release on Republic Day |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/agneepath-to-release-on-republic-day/story-KiEohRmPQGKy0tMwOK1bGL.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225195342/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/agneepath-to-release-on-republic-day/story-KiEohRmPQGKy0tMwOK1bGL.html |archive-date=25 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sanjukta |date=27 January 2012 |title=Film Review: Agneepath |work=Mint |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/lh4Ad8nOK7xdCiY1mYuteL/Film-Review--Agneepath.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225202830/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/lh4Ad8nOK7xdCiY1mYuteL/Film-Review--Agneepath.html |archive-date=25 December 2015}}</ref> He also won a Filmfare Award for Best Actor for ''Hum'', following which he took another break from acting.<ref name="legend" /> He then played the role of Badshah Khan in Anand's 1992 drama ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'', for which he received a civilian award from the [[Mohammad Najibullah|President of Afghanistan]]. ''Khuda Gawah'', was also a critical and commercial success and Bachchan's performance was well received both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghanizada |date=27 August 2013 |title=Indian film star Amitabh Bachchan cherish Afghanistan memories |url=https://www.khaama.com/indian-film-star-amitabh-bachchan-cherish-afghanistan-memories-1810/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095505/https://www.khaama.com/indian-film-star-amitabh-bachchan-cherish-afghanistan-memories-1810/ |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=20 November 2018 |newspaper=The Khaama Press News Agency}}</ref> In 1996, he started his film production company [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation]] whose first film ''[[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|Tere Mere Sapne]]'' (1996) was a box-office hit.<ref name="joshi">{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHQWCgAAQBAJ&q=zanjeer+filmfare+best+actor&pg=PT99 |title=Bollywood Through Ages |publisher=Best Book Reads |isbn=978-1-311-67669-6 |page=99 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101536/https://books.google.com/books?id=WHQWCgAAQBAJ&q=zanjeer+filmfare+best+actor&pg=PT99 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bachchan is also known as the "Shahenshah" or "Big B" of Bollywood.<ref name="AB4">* {{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan at 73: An ode to the undisputed 'Shahenshah' of Bollywood |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=11 October 2015 |date=11 October 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028155451/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2000, Bachchan appeared in
a widely acclaimed supporting role in [[Aditya Chopra]]'s ''[[Mohabbatein]]'', for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. That same year, he made his television debut as the host of the game show ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Amitabh's KBC saga |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/amitabh-bachchan/photo/amitabhs-kbc-saga-364244-2010-09-29 |url-status=live |access-date=14 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112346/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/amitabhs-kbc-saga/1/3704.html |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> He has since hosted its every season, except for season 3. He then played the roles of a short-tempered banker in ''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]'' (2002), a disillusioned father in ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'' (2003), and a conflicted cop in ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Arnab |date=27 January 2004 |title=Khakee: a rare Bollywood thriller |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/27khakee.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105121423/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/27khakee.htm |archive-date=5 January 2016 |access-date=27 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> In 2005, he played the role of a teacher of a [[Deafblindness|blind and deaf]] girl in [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'', for which he received the National Award and the Filmfare Award for Best Actor.<ref name="black">{{Cite news |date=8 August 2007 |title=National awards: Big B, Sarika win top honours |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-awards-Big-B-Sarika-win-top-honours/articleshow/2263775.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626114119/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-awards-Big-B-Sarika-win-top-honours/articleshow/2263775.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="rani">{{Cite news |date=26 February 2006 |title='Black' wins 12 Filmfare awards Amitabh is Best Actor, Rani Best Actress |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060226/main7.htm |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110515/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060226/main7.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> He received another National Award for Best Actor for playing a [[progeria]] patient in [[R. Balki]]'s ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' (2009). He also portrayed the title character of a friendly ghost in ''[[Bhoothnath]]'' (2008) and its sequel ''[[Bhoothnath Returns]]'' (2014) and also played a [[Hypochondriasis|hypochondriac]] in the comedy-drama ''[[Piku]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nanda |first=Tanmaya |date=8 May 2015 |title=Film Review: Piku is a delightfully brilliant film |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/film-review-piku-is-a-quietly-brilliant-film-115050800287_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509232711/http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/film-review-piku-is-a-quietly-brilliant-film-115050800287_1.html |archive-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> It earned him his fourth National Film Award for Best Actor.

Bachchan has also narrated many films including ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari]]'' (1977), ''[[Lagaan]]'' (2001), ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'' (2005), ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' (2008), ''[[Ra.One]]'' (2011) and ''[[Krrish 3]]'' (2013). He has also been a playback singer in many films like ''Laawaris'', ''Silsila'' and ''Baghban''.
In 2024, [[Amazon Prime Video]] released a three-part documentary series about the [[Salim–Javed]] screenwriting duo titled ''[[Angry Young Men (miniseries)|Angry Young Men]]''. The series explores their creative partnership, their influence on the evolution of Indian cinema, and the role that Bachchan played in personifying the "angry young man" of their films.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |date=16 August 2024 |title='Angry Young Men': Inside Prime Video's Documentary Series on Bollywood Screenwriting Legends Salim-Javed (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/salim-javed-angry-young-men-prime-video-1236108804/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref>

== Films ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Acting credits ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1969
! scope="row" |''[[Saat Hindustani]]''
| Anwar Ali
| Debut
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |title='I went to Sabarimala for AB's well-being' |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/oct/19madhu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171339/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/oct/19madhu.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bhuvan Shome]]''
| Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="voice">{{Cite news |date=6 February 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan on 'Shamitabh': Balki Offers Me Strange Characters |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Amitabh-Bachchan-on-Shamitabh-Balki-Offers-Me-Strange-Characters/2015/02/06/article2655411.ece |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124214109/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/Amitabh-Bachchan-on-Shamitabh-Balki-Offers-Me-Strange-Characters/2015/02/06/article2655411.ece |archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |1970
! scope="row" |''[[Bombay Talkie]]''
|
| [[English language|English]] film; uncredited role
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/top-10s/12411-10-most-unusual-roles-played-by-big-b-p10.html|title=10 Most Unusual Roles Played by Big B|last=Moray|first=Tejas|date=11 October 2012 |publisher=[[MensXP.com]]|access-date=22 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |1971
! scope="row" |''[[Anand (1971 film)|Anand]]''
| Babu Moshai
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]; Also playback singer for "Maut Tu Ek Kavita Hai"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Real Shahenshah of Bollywood: Amitabh Bachchan @72 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/the-real-shahenshah-of-bollywood-amitabh-bachchan-72-16167/slide/10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417053707/http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/the-real-shahenshah-of-bollywood-amitabh-bachchan-72-16167/slide/10 |archive-date=17 April 2016 |access-date=21 October 2015 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Pyar Ki Kahani]]''
| Ram Chandra
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2015 |title=Its flashback time for Amitabh Bachchan |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/its-flashback-time-for-amitabh-bachchan/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021174223/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/its-flashback-time-for-amitabh-bachchan/ |archive-date=21 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Parwana (1971 film)|Parwana]]''
| Kumar Sen
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=21 August 2014 |title=Parwana (1971) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-parwana/article6338875.ece |url-status=live |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230330/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-parwana/article6338875.ece |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Reshma Aur Shera]]''
| Chhotu
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Gitanjali |date=26 March 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan on shooting near the LoC and living in tents |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-on-shooting-near-the-loc-and-living-in-tents-632452 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019025315/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-on-shooting-near-the-loc-and-living-in-tents-632452 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=23 October 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Guddi (1971 film)|Guddi]]''
|
|Cameo
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="unknown">{{Cite news |title=Big B films you may not have seen |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/big-b-films-you-may-not-have-seen/6211/60780 |url-status=live |access-date=22 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054825/http://www.mid-day.com/photos/big-b-films-you-may-not-have-seen/6211/60780 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Piya Ka Ghar]]''
|
|Cameo
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Piya Ka Ghar (1972) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208063329/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/506791/Piya%20Ka%20Ghar |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=23 October 2015 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" |1972
! scope="row" |''[[Sanjog (1971 film)|Sanjog]]''
|Mohan
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=22 December 2016 |title=Sanjog (1972) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Sanjog-1972/article16926488.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230427/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Sanjog-1972/article16926488.ece |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bombay to Goa (1972 film)|Bombay to Goa]]''
| Ravi Kumar
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=12 September 2013 |title=Bombay to bakchhod-nagar (1972) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bombay-to-goa-1972/article5120338.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916033152/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/bombay-to-goa-1972/article5120338.ece |archive-date=16 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ek Nazar]]''
| Manmohan Tyagi (Akash)
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Malhotra |first=Aps |date=28 June 2012 |title=Ek Nazar (1972) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/ek-nazar-1972/article3581468.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230457/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/ek-nazar-1972/article3581468.ece |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bansi Birju]]''
| Birju
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bansi Birju (1972) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/503350 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930065411/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/503350 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Raaste Kaa Patthar]]''
| Jaishankar Rai
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="sify">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2009 |title=Filmography: Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14862985&cid=2359 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414054653/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14862985&cid=2359 |archive-date=14 April 2016 |access-date=21 October 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bawarchi]]''
|Narrator
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="voice" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Garam Masala (1972 film)|Garam Masala]]''
| Robert Taylor
| Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="dyk">{{Cite web |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |date=9 October 2010 |title=Did you know this about Amitabh Bachchan? |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/features/type/view/id/332/featureid/1488 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411132740/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/features/type/view/id/332/featureid/1488 |archive-date=11 April 2016 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jaban (film)|Jaban]]''
| Dalaljit
|Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="dyk" />
|-
| rowspan="8" |1973
! scope="row" | ''[[Bandhe Haath]]''
| Shyamu/Deepak{{efn|name=double}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Raj |first=Ashok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&q=ramesh+sippy+talks+about+akayla+amitabh+bachchan&pg=PT71 |title=Hero Vol.2 Bollywood series |publisher=Hay House, Inc |year=2009 |isbn=978-93-81398-03-6 |page=71 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101514/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&q=ramesh+sippy+talks+about+akayla+amitabh+bachchan&pg=PT71 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sify" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]''
| Inspector Vijay Khanna
| Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="vijay" /> <ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Gehri Chaal]]''
| Ratan
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gehri Chaal (1973) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538493 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905114227/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538493 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]''
| Subir Kumar
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gargi |first=Parsai |date=2 December 2012 |title=Abhimaan (1973) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/abhimaan-1973/article4155068.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230023309/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/abhimaan-1973/article4155068.ece |archive-date=30 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Saudagar (1973 film)|Saudagar]]''
| Motallam (Moti)
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kohli |first=Suresh |date=10 January 2013 |title=Saudagar (1973) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/saudagar-1973/article4294643.ece |url-status=live |access-date=17 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212044136/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/saudagar-1973/article4294643.ece |archive-date=12 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Namak Haraam]]''
| Vikram (Vicky) Maharaj
| Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=26 June 2014 |title=Namak Haraam (1973) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/namak-haraam-1973/article6151274.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830093329/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/namak-haraam-1973/article6151274.ece |archive-date=30 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Naya Nasha]]''
|Narrator
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bada Kabutar]]''
|Himself
|Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="dyk" />
|-
| rowspan="7" |1974
! scope="row" |''[[Kasauti]]''
| Amitabh (Amit) Sharma
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=26 December 2014 |title=Kasauti (1974) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/kasauti-1974/article6725871.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230359/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/kasauti-1974/article6725871.ece |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Parinay]]''
| Narrator
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Roti Kapda Aur Makaan]]''
| Vijay
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="vijay" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Benaam (1974 film)|Benaam]]''
| Amitabh (Amit) Shrivastav
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benaam |url=https://www.directv.com/movies/Benaam-eTgxMlB2dERnVVk2YUN6ek8zWWVaZz09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425224758/https://www.directv.com/movies/Benaam-eTgxMlB2dERnVVk2YUN6ek8zWWVaZz09 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=[[DirecTV]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Majboor (1974 film)|Majboor]]''
| Ravi Khanna
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=29 August 2013 |title=Majboor (1974) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/majboor-1974/article5071757.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925141808/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/majboor-1974/article5071757.ece |archive-date=25 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dost (1974 film)|Dost]]''
| Anand
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kunwara Baap (1974 film)|Kunwara Baap]]''
| Anthony
|Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="dyk" />
|-
| rowspan="6" |1975
! scope="row" |''[[Deewaar]]''
| Vijay Verma
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="number">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2012 |title=Bollywood's special connection with number 786 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/bollywoods-special-connection-with-number-786-609284 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913062714/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/bollywoods-special-connection-with-number-786-609284 |archive-date=13 September 2015 |access-date=22 October 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Zameer (1975 film)|Zameer]]''
| Badal Singh/Fake Chimpoo
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=20 November 2014 |title=Zameer (1975) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-zameer/article6617992.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129065341/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-zameer/article6617992.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Chupke Chupke (film)|Chupke Chupke]]''
|Professor Sukumar Sinha (Kumar)
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=11 September 2014 |title=Finding 'Oddballs': Amitabh Bachchan, Aamir, Salman and Other Khans |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/i-finding-i-oddballs-amitabh-bachchan-aamir-salman-and-other-khans-662471 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912131215/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/i-finding-i-oddballs-amitabh-bachchan-aamir-salman-and-other-khans-662471 |archive-date=12 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mili (1975 film)|Mili]]''
| Shekhar Dayal
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokpally |first=Vijay |date=3 July 2014 |title=Mili (1975) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mili-1975/article6173846.ece |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213144740/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mili-1975/article6173846.ece |archive-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sholay]]''
| Jaidev (Jai)
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8oM0k2UNzMC |title=Sholay, The Making of a Classic |publisher=Penguin Books, India |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-029970-X |author-link=Anupama Chopra |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009030303/http://books.google.com/books?id=p8oM0k2UNzMC |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Faraar (1975 film)|Faraar]]''
| Rajesh (Raj)
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kohli |first=Suresh |date=24 January 2013 |title=Faraar (1975) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/faraar-1975/article4340432.ece |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230339/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/faraar-1975/article4340432.ece |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |1976
! scope="row" |''[[Kabhie Kabhie (1976 film)|Kabhi Kabhie]]''
| Amitabh Malhotra (Amit)
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for the song "[[Kabhi Kabhie Mere Dil Mein]]"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=16 April 2015 |title=Kabhie Kabhie (1976) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/kabhi-kabhie-1976/article7109589.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211132618/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/kabhi-kabhie-1976/article7109589.ece |archive-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hera Pheri (1976 film)|Hera Pheri]]''
| Vijay
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kohli |first=Suresh |date=10 October 2013 |title=Hera Pheri (1976) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hera-pheri-1976/article5221679.ece |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014010517/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hera-pheri-1976/article5221679.ece |archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Do Anjaane]]''
| Amit Roy/ Naresh Dutt
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Do Anjaane (1976) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/505151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920014318/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/505151 |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Chhoti Si Baat]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="dyk" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Balika Badhu (1976 film)|Balika Badhu]]''
| Adult Amal
|Voiceover
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="baritone">{{Cite web |date=13 May 2014 |title=Amitabh Bachchan's Brilliant Baritone, 25 times over |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-amitabh-bachchans-brilliant-baritone-25-times-over/20140513.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128214041/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-amitabh-bachchans-brilliant-baritone-25-times-over/20140513.htm |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=16 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" |1977
! scope="row" |''[[Adalat (1976 film)|Adalat]]''
| Thakur Dharam Chand/ Raju{{efn|name=double|He played dual roles.<ref name="auto1"/>}}
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Malhotra |first=APS |date=27 February 2014 |title=Adalat (1976) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/adalat-1976/article5732705.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311184800/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/adalat-1976/article5732705.ece |archive-date=11 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Immaan Dharam]]''
| Ahmed Raza
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=19 February 2015 |title=Immaan Dharam (1977) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-immaan-dharam-1977/article6913098.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801054543/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-immaan-dharam-1977/article6913098.ece |archive-date=1 August 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Khoon Pasina]]''
| Shiva / Tiger
|
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="produce">{{Cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan filmography |url=http://www.liveindia.com/amitabh/Filmography.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822161939/http://www.liveindia.com/amitabh/Filmography.html |archive-date=22 August 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=[[Live India]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Alaap]]''
| Alok Prasad
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=24 July 2014 |title=Alaap (1977) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-alaap/article6245247.ece |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214112318/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-alaap/article6245247.ece |archive-date=14 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]''
| Anthony Gonsalves
| Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for the song "[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (song)|"My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves]]"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhatia |first=Sidharth |date=3 August 2013 |title=Excerpt: Amar Akbar Anthony |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/toFX50k1D6H0dep49vQXVK/Excerpt--Amar-Akbar-Anthony.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806021336/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/toFX50k1D6H0dep49vQXVK/Excerpt--Amar-Akbar-Anthony.html |archive-date=6 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Parvarish (1977 film)|Parvarish]]''
| Inspector Amit Singh
|
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kohli |first=Suresh |date=6 September 2013 |title=Parvarish (1977) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/parvarish-1977/article5097871.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830224703/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/parvarish-1977/article5097871.ece |archive-date=30 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Charandas]]''
| [[Qawwali]] singer
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="unknown" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Chala Murari Hero Banne]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="dyk" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari]]''
|Himself
|Narrator
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1978
! scope="row" |''[[Khatta Meetha (1978 film)|Khatta Meetha]]''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Unfair fun |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060827/spectrum/main5.htm |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=27 August 2006 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ganga Ki Saugandh]]''
| Jeeva
|
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ganga Ki Saugandh |url=http://dvd.netflix.com/Movie/Ganga-Ki-Saugand/70058990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054135/http://dvd.netflix.com/Movie/Ganga-Ki-Saugand/70058990 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=[[Netflix]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kasme Vaade]]''
| Professor Amit/Shankar{{efn|name=double}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="produce" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Besharam (1978 film)|Besharam]]''
| Ram Kumar Chandra/ Prince Chandrashekar
|
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="produce" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Trishul (film)|Trishul]]''
| Vijay Kumar Gupta
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=15 August 2013 |title=Trishul (1978) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/trishul-1978/article5025847.ece |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817055329/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/trishul-1978/article5025847.ece |archive-date=17 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]''
| [[Don (character)|Mark Donald "Don"]]/[[Don (franchise)#Vijay|Vijay]]{{efn|name=double}}
| 50th Film; Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Real Shahenshah of Bollywood: Amitabh Bachchan @72 |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/the-real-shahenshah-of-bollywood-amitabh-bachchan-72-16167/slide/17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065736/http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/the-real-shahenshah-of-bollywood-amitabh-bachchan-72-16167/slide/17 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 October 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978 film)|Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]''
| Sikandar
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/148942/Muqaddar-Ka-Sikandar/details |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307052735/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/148942/Muqaddar-Ka-Sikandar/details |archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="joshi" />
|-
| rowspan="9" |1979
! scope="row" |''[[The Great Gambler]]''
| Jay/CID Inspector Vijay{{efn|name=double}}
| Also playback singer for "Do Lafzon Ki"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="produce" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Do Lafzon Ki Hai Dil Ki Kahani |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/The-Living-Legend-Amitabh-Bachchan-Special/Do-Lafzon-Ki-Hai-Dil-Ki-Kahani-From-The-Great-Gambler/KBgDdExlGgs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309075218/http://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/The-Living-Legend-Amitabh-Bachchan-Special/Do-Lafzon-Ki-Hai-Dil-Ki-Kahani-From-The-Great-Gambler/KBgDdExlGgs |archive-date=9 March 2016 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=[[Saavn]]|date=6 October 2015 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jurmana (1979 film)|Jurmana]]''
| Inder Saxena
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jurmana |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/movie/jurmana/id914001985 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306040428/https://itunes.apple.com/in/movie/jurmana/id914001985 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=[[iTunes]]|date=May 1979 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mr. Natwarlal]]''
| Natwarlal / Avtar Singh
| Also playback singer for "Mere Paas Aao Mere Doston" Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor and Best Male Playback Singer
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="joshi" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=Singing for 'Mr Natwarlal' was a nightmare: Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/music/singing-for-mr-natwarlal-was-a-nightmare-amitabh-bachchan_1610343.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910015937/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/music/singing-for-mr-natwarlal-was-a-nightmare-amitabh-bachchan_1610343.html |archive-date=10 September 2015 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=[[Zee News]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kaala Patthar]]''
| Vijay Pal Singh
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="vijay" /><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Manzil (1979 film)|Manzil]]''
| Ajay Chandra
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lokapally |first=Vijay |date=27 August 2015 |title=Manzil (1979) |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/manzil-1979/article7586502.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230357/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/manzil-1979/article7586502.ece |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Suhaag (1979 film)|Suhaag]]''
| Amit Kapoor
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suhaag (1979) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221013642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540420 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Gol Maal]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="dyk" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ahsaas]]''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Cinema Cinema]]''
| Himself
|Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Cinema Cinema (1979) |first1=Amitabh|last1= Bachchan|author2= Dharmendra|first3= Hema|last3= Malini |publisher=Shahab International Production Associate |place=India |medium=Motion picture}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1980
! scope="row" |''[[Do Aur Do Paanch]]''
| Vijay / Ram
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Do Aur Do Paanch (1980) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/do-aur-do-paanch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020140040/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/do-aur-do-paanch/ |archive-date=20 October 2016 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dostana (1980 film)|Dostana]]''
| CID Inspector Vijay Verma
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="vijay" /><ref name="joshi" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ram Balram]]''
| Inspector Balram Singh
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Tapan K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0d6GAwAAQBAJ&q=ram+balram+1980&pg=PA98 |title=Bollywood Baddies: Villains, Vamps and Henchmen in Hindi Cinema |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2013 |isbn=978-81-321-1326-3 |page=98 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101506/https://books.google.com/books?id=0d6GAwAAQBAJ&q=ram+balram+1980&pg=PA98 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]''
| Vijay Kumar
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2005 |title=The return of Ramesh Sippy's Shaan |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/21dinesh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125714/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/21dinesh.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" |1981
! scope="row" |''[[Barsaat Ki Ek Raat]]''
| rowspan="2" | ACP Abhijeet Rai
| rowspan="2" | Bilingual film; [[Multiple-language version|Simultaneously shot]] in Hindi and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Barsaat Ki Ek Raat (1981) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538961 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907211615/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538961 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Anusandhan (1981 film)|Anusandhan]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="auto"/>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Naseeb (1981 film)|Naseeb]]''
| John Jani Janardan (Johnny)
| Also playback singer for the song "Chal Mere Bhai"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sethi |first=Sunil |date=31 May 1981 |title=Naseeb: Trendy trash |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19810531-film-review-naseeb-starring-amitabh-bachchan-hema-malini-shatrughan-sinha-rishi-kapoor-772951-2013-11-21 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415145932/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-naseeb-starring-amitabh-bachchan-hema-malini-shatrughan-sinha-rishi-kapoor/1/401863.html |archive-date=15 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Naseeb |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Naseeb-1981/8EZLZLEnezI_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008135323/http://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Naseeb-1981/8EZLZLEnezI_ |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=Saavn}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Laawaris (1981 film)|Lawaaris]]''
| Heera
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer "Mere Angne Mein"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 May 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan remembers 'Laawaris' as it turns 34 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/Amitabh-Bachchan-remembers-Laawaris-as-it-turns-34/articleshow/47394967.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028232140/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/Amitabh-Bachchan-remembers-Laawaris-as-it-turns-34/articleshow/47394967.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=28 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]''
| Amit Malhotra
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for "Neela Aasman So Gaya", "Dekha Ek Khwab", "Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum" and "[[Rang Barse Bhige Chunar Wali]]"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Unconventional love stories from Bollywood |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/in-pictures-unconventional-love-stories-from-bollywood/5987/57917 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065906/http://www.mid-day.com/photos/in-pictures-unconventional-love-stories-from-bollywood/5987/57917 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Ujala Ali |date=24 February 2015 |title=Top five tunes sung by Amitabh Bachchan |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/bollywood/top-five-tunes-sung-by-amitabh-bachchan |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123100523/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/bollywood/top-five-tunes-sung-by-amitabh-bachchan |archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Yaarana (1981 film)|Yaarana]]''
| Kishan
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 1981 |title=Yaarana: Formulas galore |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19811130-film-review-yaarana-starring-amitabh-bachchan-amjad-khan-neetu-singh-773463-2013-10-26 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415125150/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-yaarana-starring-amitabh-bachchan-amjad-khan-neetu-singh/1/402403.html |archive-date=15 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kaalia]]''
| Kallu/ Kaalia
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 September 2012 |title=Amitabh Bachchan's Kaalia to be remade |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchans-Kaalia-to-be-remade/articleshow/16234367.cms |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230412/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchans-Kaalia-to-be-remade/articleshow/16234367.cms |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Commander (1981 film)|Commander]]''
| Himself
|Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="dyk" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Chashme Buddoor (1981 film)|Chashme Buddoor]]''
| Himself
|Cameo
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raheja |first=Dinesh |date=24 February 2003 |title=A chuckle of a film |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2003/feb/22dinesh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214732/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2003/feb/22dinesh.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=23 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope=row|''[[Vilayati Babu]]''
| Jagga
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] Film; Special Appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1982
! scope="row" |''[[Satte Pe Satta]]''
| Ravi Anand/Babu{{efn|name=double}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Gaurav |date=15 October 2003 |title=Satte Pe Satta: a fun treat! |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2003/oct/15satte.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201720/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2003/oct/15satte.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bemisal]]''
| Dr. Sudhir Roy/Adhir Roy{{efn|name=double}}
| 75th Film; Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bemisal (1982) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538979 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909153212/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538979 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Desh Premee]]''
| Master Dinanath/Raju{{efn|name=double}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Desh Premee (1982) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534337 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002060926/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534337 |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Namak Halaal]]''
| Arjun Singh
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Heyman |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fxfFAgAAQBAJ&q=arjun+singh+namak+halaal&pg=PT197 |title=The Tenth Rasa |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-93-5118-214-6 |page=197 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101507/https://books.google.com/books?id=fxfFAgAAQBAJ&q=arjun+singh+namak+halaal&pg=PT197 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Khud-Daar]]''
| Govind Srivastava / Chhotu Ustaad
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="produce" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]''
| Vijay Kumar
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |date=7 September 2012 |title=The power of the titans |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/the-power-of-the-titans/998224 |access-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208135441/http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/the-power-of-the-titans/998224 |archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rishi |first=Tilak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWlYAAAAQBAJ&q=shakti+amitabh+bachchan+filmfare+nominated&pg=PT70 |title=Bless You Bollywood!: A tribute to Hindi Cinema on completing 100 years |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4669-3962-2 |page=70 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817101509/https://books.google.com/books?id=NWlYAAAAQBAJ&q=shakti+amitabh+bachchan+filmfare+nominated&pg=PT70 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |1983
! scope="row" |''[[Nastik (1983 film)|Nastik]]''
| Shankar
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nastik |url=http://www.hotstar.com/#!/watch-nastik-online-1000055523-m |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135032/http://www.hotstar.com/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=23 September 2015 |website=[[Hotstar]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Andha Kanoon]]''
| Jan Nissar Akhtar Khan
| Extended Special appearance; Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andha Kanoon (1983) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411114301/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533280/Andha%20Kanoon |archive-date=11 April 2016 |access-date=23 September 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mahaan (1983 film)|Mahaan]]''
| Rana Ranveer Singh (Amit)/Inspector Shankar Singh/Guru Singh{{efn|He played triple roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=15 unknown facts about Amitabh Bachchan |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/amitabh-bachchan/photo/amitabh-bachchan-trivia-368415-2012-10-11 |url-status=live |access-date=28 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032046/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/amitabh-bachchan-trivia/12/7936.html |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>}}
| Also playback singer for the song "Jidhar Dekhoon Teri Tasveer"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="sify" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Pukar (1983 film)|Pukar]]''
| Ramdas / Ronnie
| Also playback singer for the song "Tu Maike Mat Jaiyo"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pukar (1983) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131407/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540229/Pukar |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pukar |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/playlist/khushi_patel1989356/Pukar/XPKA0LihICw_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414054628/http://www.saavn.com/s/playlist/khushi_patel1989356/Pukar/XPKA0LihICw_ |archive-date=14 April 2016 |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=Saavn}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Coolie (1983 Hindi film)|Coolie]]''
| Iqbal Khan
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="number" />
|-
! scope="row" |''Film Hi Film''
| Jengo / Guru
|Extended Special appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1984
! scope="row"|''[[Inquilaab (1984 film)|Inquilaab]]''
|Amarnath (Amar)
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Amitabh Bachchan's throwback pic with Sridevi is unmissable|url=http://zeenews.india.com/people/amitabh-bachchans-throwback-pic-with-sridevi-is-unmissable-2078437.html|website=[[Zee News]]|access-date=17 April 2018|language=en|date=3 February 2018|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511194849/https://zeenews.india.com/people/amitabh-bachchans-throwback-pic-with-sridevi-is-unmissable-2078437.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sharaabi]]''
| Vicky Kapoor
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for the song "Jahan Chaar Yaar Mil Jaye"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shahenshah to Black: Big B's films that Abhishek Bachchan should attem ... |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Shahenshah-to-Black-Big-Bs-films-that-Abhishek-Bachchan-should-attempt/photostory/46128533.cms |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827034216/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Shahenshah-to-Black-Big-Bs-films-that-Abhishek-Bachchan-should-attempt/photostory/46128533.cms |archive-date=27 August 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Paan Khaye Saiyan Hamaar (film)|Paan Khaye Saiyan Hamaar]]''
| Nahar Singh
| [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] film; Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Avijit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAuTZ6_1XL4C&dq=Bahina+Tohare+Khatir+bhojpuri&pg=PT53 |title=CINEMA BHOJPURI |date=22 May 2010 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-256-4 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Kanoon Kya Karega''
|Narrator
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''Pet Pyaar Aur Paap''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1985
! scope="row" |''[[Mard (1985 film)|Mard]]''
|Raju Singh / Mard Tangewala
| Also playback singer for the song "Sun Rabia Tumse Pyar Ho Gaya"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6097 |title=Rewind - Thirty Five Years of Mard |website=Box Office India |date=8 November 2020 |access-date=8 November 2020 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108093055/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6097 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Geraftaar]]''
|Inspector Karan Kumar Khanna
|Extended Special Appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-turns-75-how-the-veteran-superstar-established-a-strong-south-indian-base-4128959.html|title=Amitabh Bachchan turns 75: How the veteran superstar established a strong south Indian base|work=Firstpost |date=11 October 2019|access-date=8 September 2023|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708125347/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-turns-75-how-the-veteran-superstar-established-a-strong-south-indian-base-4128959.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ameer Aadmi Gharib Aadmi]]''
|Himself
|Cameo
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ghulami]]''
|Narrator
|
|
|-
|1986
! scope="row" |[[Aakhree Raasta|''Aakhree'' ''Raasta'']]
|David D'Costa/ Inspector Vijay Shandaliya{{efn|name=double}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-recalls-how-amitabh-bachchan-gave-him-a-reality-check-about-his-privilege-8270001/|title=Anupam Kher recalls how Amitabh Bachchan gave him a reality check about his privilege: 'I thought I was a star…'|date=15 November 2022|access-date=8 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908050215/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anupam-kher-recalls-how-amitabh-bachchan-gave-him-a-reality-check-about-his-privilege-8270001/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1987
! scope="row" |''[[Jalwa]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kaun Jeeta Kaun Haara]]''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1988
! scope="row" |''[[Shahenshah (1988 film)|Shahenshah]]''
| Inspector Vijay Kumar Srivastava/ Shahenshah
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhargava |first=Simran |date=15 March 1988 |title=Return of the hero |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19880315-amitabh-bachchan-makes-spectacular-come-back-with-shahenshah-797041-1988-03-14 |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208064809/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amitabh-bachchan-makes-spectacular-come-back-with-shahenshah/1/329047.html |archive-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Gangaa Jamunaa Saraswati]]''
| Ganga Prasad
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tripathi |first=Salil |date=31 January 1989 |title=Formula failure |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19890131-amitabh-bachchan-future-looks-uncertain-as-ganga-jamuna-saraswati-bombs-815694-1989-01-30 |url-status=live |access-date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151206023612/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/amitabh-bachchan-future-looks-uncertain-as-ganga-jamuna-saraswati-bombs/1/323035.html |archive-date=6 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Soorma Bhopali]]''
|
|Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 1988 |title=Soorma Bhopali (1988) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55799 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711170804/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55799 |archive-date=11 July 2012 |access-date=24 February 2012 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Akarshan]]''
|
| Cameo
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hero Hiralal]]''
|
| Guest appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1989
! scope="row" |''[[Batwara]]''
|Narrator
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="baritone" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Toofan (1989 film)|Toofan]]''
| Shyam/Toofan{{efn|name=double}}
|Also playback singer for the song "Don't Worry Be Happy"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="sify" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jaadugar (1989 film)|Jaadugar]]''
| Goga / Gogeshwar
| Also playback singer for the song "Padosan Apni Murgi"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="sify" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Padosan Apni Murgi Ko Rakhna |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Jaadugar/Padosan-Apni-Murgi-Ko-Rakhna/BlkzXSF7QgU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308201756/http://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Jaadugar/Padosan-Apni-Murgi-Ko-Rakhna/BlkzXSF7QgU |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=27 October 2015 |website=Saavn}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Main Azaad Hoon]]''
| Guru / Azaad
| Also playback singer for the song "Itne Baazu"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2005 |title=CINEMASCOOP |work=The Tribune |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050220/spectrum/main5.htm |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191317/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050220/spectrum/main5.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijayakar |first=Rajiv |date=22 April 2010 |title=It's a Man's World |work=The Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/it-s-a-man-s-world/608904/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230338/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/it-s-a-man-s-world/608904/ |archive-date=2018-12-24}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1990
! scope="row" |''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]''
| Vijay Deenanath Chauhan
| [[National Film Award for Best Actor]]; Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Rituparna |date=24 January 2012 |title=1990–2012: Evolution of Vijju / Vijay Deenanath Chauhan |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/1990-2012-evolution-of-vijay-dinanath-chauhan-440242.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920040121/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/1990-2012-evolution-of-vijay-dinanath-chauhan-440242.html |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=3 March 2015 |website=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Award for the Best Actor |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm38thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=38NFA.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326034004/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm38thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=38NFA.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=30 July 2011 |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |page=26}}</ref><ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan Biography |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/artist/amitabh-bachchan-bio/X6Dce0iJ7y0_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414065211/http://www.saavn.com/s/artist/amitabh-bachchan-bio/X6Dce0iJ7y0_ |archive-date=14 April 2016 |access-date=19 September 2015 |website=Saavn}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]''
| Bheema
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan remembers difficult 'Aaj ka Arjun' shoot |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-remembers-difficult-aaj-ka-arjun-shoot/ |url-status=live |access-date=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916104242/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-remembers-difficult-aaj-ka-arjun-shoot/ |archive-date=16 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kroadh]]''
| Himself
|Cameo
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kroadh (1990) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539734 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104103111/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539734 |archive-date=4 January 2013 |access-date=15 January 2012 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |1991
! scope="row" |''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]''
| Shekhar Malhotra / Tiger
| Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="sify" /><ref name="bio" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ajooba]]''
| Shehzada Ali / Ajooba
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Gitanjali |date=21 March 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan has a funny story about Shashi Kapoor and his 'stick of discipline' |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-has-a-funny-story-about-shashi-kapoor-and-his-stick-of-discipline-632363 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913021514/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-has-a-funny-story-about-shashi-kapoor-and-his-stick-of-discipline-632363 |archive-date=13 September 2015 |access-date=19 September 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Indrajeet]]''
| Inspector Indrajeet
|100th Film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indrajeet (1991) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/indrajeet/?search=indrajeet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020143122/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indrajeet/?search=indrajeet |archive-date=20 October 2016 |access-date=19 September 2015 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Akayla]]''
| Inspector Vijay Verma
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="vijay" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1992
! scope="row" |''[[Khuda Gawah]]''
| Badshah Khan
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for the song "Sar Zameene Hindustan"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan gets nostalgic as 'Khuda Gawah' clocks 23 years |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-gets-nostalgic-as-khuda-gawah-clocks-23-years-2084455 |url-status=live |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510104407/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-gets-nostalgic-as-khuda-gawah-clocks-23-years-2084455 |archive-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Zulm Ki Hukumat]]''
|Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
|1993
! scope="row" |''[[Professor Ki Padosan]]''
|Himself
|Cameo & Narrator
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="dyk" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1994
! scope="row" |''[[Insaniyat (1994 film)|Insaniyat]]''
| Inspector Amar Nath Singh
|Delayed release
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Insaniyat (1994) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539330 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908110540/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539330 |archive-date=8 September 2015 |access-date=6 September 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Akka''
| Himself
| [[Marathi cinema|Marathi film]]; Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rare Amitabh Bachchan Guest Appearance In Akka – 1994 (Marathi Movie) |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/topic/person/amitabh-bachchan-rare-amitabh-bachchan-guest-appearance-in-akka-1994-marat-video-5i4e-1VxKvI-5605-1.html |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230343/https://www.firstpost.com/topic/person/amitabh-bachchan-profile-5605/photo-gallery |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
! scope="row" |''[[Ghatak: Lethal]]''
|Himself
| Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghatak (1996) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003052726/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533193/Ghatak |archive-date=3 October 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|Tere Mere Sapne]]''
|Narrator
|Also producer
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
|1997
! scope="row" |''[[Mrityudata]]''
| Dr. Ram Prasad Ghayal
| Also producer
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="produce" /><ref name="mrity">{{Cite web |title=Mrityudaata (1997) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/mrityudaata/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311131453/https://rottentomatoes.com/m/mrityudaata/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1998
! scope="row" |''[[Major Saab]]''
| Major Jasbir Singh Rana
| Also producer
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="majorsaab">{{Cite news |title=Major Saab (1998) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/475742/Major-Saab/cast |access-date=10 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142550/https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/475742/Major-Saab/cast |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]''
| Vijay Nagam (Bade Miyan)/Inspector Arjun Singh{{efn|name=double}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gopal |first1=Sangita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19JBf6oDOy0C&q=amitabh+bachchan+dual+role+bade+miya+chote+miya&pg=PA144 |title=Global Bollywood: Travels of Hindi Song and Dance |last2=Moorti |first2=Sujata |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8166-4578-7 |page=144}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hero Hindustani]]''
|Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
| rowspan="6" |1999
! scope="row" |''[[Lal Baadshah]]''
| Lal (Baadshah) Singh/Ranbhir Singh{{efn|name=double}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Suparn |date=6 March 1999 |title=It makes you see red |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/06lal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124523/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/06lal.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sooryavansham]]''
| Thakur Bhanu Pratap Singh/Heera Singh{{efn|name=double}}
| Also playback singer for the song "Chori Se"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 2015 |title='Sooryavansham' has personal connect with many: Amitabh Bachchan |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sooryavansham-has-personal-connect-with-many-amitabh-bachchan/ |url-status=live |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022233824/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sooryavansham-has-personal-connect-with-many-amitabh-bachchan/ |archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bollywood Best Couple Amitabh & Rekha |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bollywood-best-couple-amitabh/id605019433 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306225147/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/bollywood-best-couple-amitabh/id605019433 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=[[iTunes]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hindustan Ki Kasam (1999 film)|Hindustan Ki Kasam]]''
| Kabeera / Baba
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taliculam |first=Sharmila |date=23 July 1999 |title=A clutch of cliches |work=Rediff.com |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/23hin.htm |url-status=live |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195221/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/23hin.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kohram]]''
| Col. Balbir Singh Sodi (Devraj Hathoda) / Dada Bhai
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=23 August 1999 |title=Two's a crowd |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19990823-film-review-mehul-kumar-kohram-starring-amitabh-bachchan-nana-patekar-tabu-824416-1999-08-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415141424/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-mehul-kumar-kohram-starring-amitabh-bachchan-nana-patekar-tabu/1/255647.html |archive-date=15 April 2016 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Biwi No.1]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biwi No. 1 (1999) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534076 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831210805/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534076 |archive-date=31 August 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]''
| [[God]]
|Voice-role; Cameo appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
|2000
! scope="row" |''[[Mohabbatein]]''
| Principal Narayan Shankar
| Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Best">{{Cite web |date=10 October 2012 |title=Amitabh Bachchan's best films in the last 10 years |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchans-best-films-in-the-last-10-years-628852 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914035812/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchans-best-films-in-the-last-10-years-628852 |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref name="bio" />
|-
| rowspan="4" |2001
! scope="row" |''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love]]''
| Vijay Kapoor
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajput |first=Dharmesh |date=24 May 2001 |title=Ek Rishtaa (Bond of Love) (2001) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/05/24/ek_rishtaa_2001_review.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303184901/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/05/24/ek_rishtaa_2001_review.shtml |archive-date=3 March 2008 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=BBC}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]''
| Inspector Manu Verma
| Also producer; [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor]]; Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="aks">{{Cite news |date=14 July 2015 |title='Aks' gave me my French beard permanently: Amitabh Bachchan |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/aks-gave-me-my-french-beard-permanently-amitabh-bachchan/ |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027044711/http://www.freepressjournal.in/aks-gave-me-my-french-beard-permanently-amitabh-bachchan/ |archive-date=27 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="produce" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]''
| Yashvardhan Raichand (Yash)
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor Also singer for " Say Shava Shava"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Best" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=16 October 2011 |title=The music review of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham ... |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/16khushi.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112101900/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/16khushi.htm |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=10 May 2012 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Lagaan]]''
|Narrator
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2002
! scope="row" |''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]''
| Vijay Singh Rajput
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor; Also playback singer for the song "Amitabh Soliloquy"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Vivek |date=3 April 2002 |title=Movies: A guide to Aankhen |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/apr/03aank.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130450/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/apr/03aank.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=12 March 2014 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite episode |title=48th Filmfare Awards |series=Filmfare Awards |network=[[Star Plus]] |date=21 February 2003}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hum Kisise Kum Nahin (2002 film)|Hum Kisise Kum Nahin]]''
| Dr. Avinash Rastogi
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahesh |first=Chitra |date=7 June 2002 |title=Hum Kisise Kam Nahin |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/06/07/stories/2002060700940201.htm |access-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226133339/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/06/07/stories/2002060700940201.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=26 February 2008}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kaante]]''
| Yashvardhan (Major) Rampal
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sukanya |first=Verma |date=27 July 2002 |title=Who is the surprise package of Kaante? |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jul/27gupta.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021090412/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jul/27gupta.htm |archive-date=21 October 2012 |access-date=22 July 2011 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Agni Varsha]]''
| [[Indra|Devraj]]
|Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |date=21 August 2002 |title=What exactly is Amitabh's role in Agni Varsha? |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/aug/21agni.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121901/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/aug/21agni.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |2003
! scope="row" |''[[Armaan (2003 film)|Armaan]]''
| Dr. Siddharth Sinha
| Also playback singer for the song "Aao Milke Gaye"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |author-link=Khalid Mohamed |date=18 May 2003 |title=What's up doc? |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/columns/2003/may/53213.htm |access-date=5 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040205040412/http://web.mid-day.com/columns/khalid_mohammed/2003/may/53213.htm |archive-date=5 February 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Armaan |url=http://gaana.com/album/armaan-hindi-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193255/http://gaana.com/album/armaan-hindi-0 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=Gaana}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Boom (2003 film)|Boom]]''
| Bade Mia
|125th film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 August 2003 |title=It's Boom time for glamour |work=The Tribune |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/spectrum/spotlite.htm |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203192620/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/spectrum/spotlite.htm |archive-date=3 December 2005}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]''
| Raj Malhotra
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for the songs "Main Yahan Tu Wahan", "Chali Chali Phir", "Holi Khele Raghuveera" and "O Dharti Tarse Amber Berse"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Best" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Original Soundtrack Baghban |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/baghban-mw0001734201 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314084615/http://www.allmusic.com/album/baghban-mw0001734201 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Khushi (2003 Hindi film)|Khushi]]''
| Narrator
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mumbai Se Aaya Mera Dost]]''
|Narrator
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century]]''
|Narrator
|
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |2004
! scope="row" |''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]''
| DCP Anant Kumar Shrivastava
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=31 January 2004 |title=Review: 'Khakee' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/khakee-1200536726/ |url-status=live |access-date=30 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904174851/https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/khakee-1200536726/ |archive-date=4 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="fare">{{Cite episode |title=50th Filmfare Awards |series=Filmfare Awards |network=[[Star Plus]] |date=26 February 2005}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aetbaar]]''
| Dr. Ranveer Malhotra
| Also playback singer for the song "Jeena Hai Kis Liye"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aetbaar (2004) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/200445 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914071757/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/200445 |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Original Soundtrack: Aetbaar |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/aetbaar-mw0001627633 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025126/http://www.allmusic.com/album/aetbaar-mw0001627633 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=AllMusic}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dev (2004 film)|Dev]]''
| DCP Dev Pratap Singh
| Also playback singer for the song "Dev Speaks"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Parul |date=11 June 2004 |title=Dev: Gujarat in Bollywood, finally |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/733684.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408184017/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/733684.cms |archive-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]''
| Col. Sunil Damle
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Firdaus |date=8 April 2004 |title=Lakshya is about Hrithik, about finding yourself |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/08farhan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607050325/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/08farhan.htm |archive-date=7 June 2011 |access-date=29 June 2011 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Deewaar (2004 film)|Deewaar]]''
| Major Ranvir Kaul
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kermode |first=Mark |date=27 June 2004 |title=Bombay meets Boy's Own |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2004/jun/27/features.review27 |url-status=live |access-date=5 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810181815/http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2004/jun/27/features.review27 |archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kyun! Ho Gaya Na...]]''
| Raj Chauhan
| Also playback singer for the song "Baat Samjha Karo"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=21 June 2004 |title=In the mood for romance? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jun/21kyun.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223211454/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jun/21kyun.htm |archive-date=23 February 2012 |access-date=20 June 2011 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hum Kaun Hai?]]''
| Frank James Williams / Major Frank John Williams{{efn|name=double}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Arnab |date=1 December 2004 |title=Hum Kaun Hai |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/1153_987877,001100030005.htm |access-date=30 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307125901/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/1153_987877%2C001100030005.htm |archive-date=7 March 2005}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo]]''
| Major General Amarjeet Singh
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=N |first=Patcy |date=22 November 2004 |title=Amitabh: I'm trying to improve |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/watan/20041122.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023619/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/watan/20041122.htm |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=16 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Veer-Zaara]]''
| Chaudhary Sumer Singh (Bauji)
| Extended Special appearance; Nominated—Filmfare Award of Best Supporting Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veer Zaara (2004) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508688 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228134357/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508688 |archive-date=28 February 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref name="fare" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Rudraksh (film)|Rudraksh]]''
|Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Insaaf: The Justice]]''
| Narrator
|
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |2005
! scope="row" |''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]''
| Debraj Sahai
| National Film Award for Best Actor; Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sarika |date=11 April 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan still haunted by an error he made in Black |work=The Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-still-haunted-by-an-error-he-made-in-black/1100939/ |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306040227/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-still-haunted-by-an-error-he-made-in-black/1100939/ |archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="black" /><ref name="rani" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Waqt: The Race Against Time]]''
| Ishwar Chandra Thakur
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandohar |first=Jaspreet |date=14 April 2005 |title=Waqt: The Race Against Time (2005) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/20/waqt_2005_review.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006152845/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/20/waqt_2005_review.shtml |archive-date=6 October 2009 |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=BBC}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''
| DCP Dashrath Singh
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=13 June 2005 |title=Bunty aur Babli |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/bunty-aur-babli/227633 |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230121854/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Bunty-Aur-Babli/227633 |archive-date=30 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=51st Annual Filmfare Awards Nominees |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14137854&cid=2359 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118232353/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14137854&cid=2359 |archive-date=18 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]''
| Subhash Nagre (Sarkar)
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for the songs "Govinda – Song" and Mujhe Jo Sahi Lagta Hai"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |author-link=Raja Sen |date=30 June 2005 |title=Sarkar is just Godfather, dumbed-down |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/30sarkar.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026181826/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/30sarkar.htm |archive-date=26 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Viruddh]]''
| Vidhyadhar Ramkrishhna Patwardhan
| Also producer
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="viruddh">{{Cite web |title=Viruddh ... Family Comes First |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117063624/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508671/Viruddh |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dil Jo Bhi Kahey...]]''
| Shekhar Sinha
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Jo Bhi Kahey (2005) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024243/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509700/Dil%20Jo%20Bhi%20Kahey |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ek Ajnabee]]''
| Col. Suryaveer Singh (Surya)
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2005 |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Man On Fire |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/11ek.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114030342/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/11ek.htm |archive-date=14 January 2013 |access-date=28 March 2012 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Paheli (2005 film)|Paheli]]''
| Gadariya
|Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dev |first=Anindita |date=25 June 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan rejoices 10 years of SRK's 'Paheli'! |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-rejoices-10-years-of-srks-paheli_1619778.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930144354/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-rejoices-10-years-of-srks-paheli_1619778.html |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Zee News}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ramji Londonwaley]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |title=Ramji Londonwaley |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ramji-londonwaley-review-bollywood-pclvMchibfbih.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118115003/http://www.sify.com/movies/ramji-londonwaley-review-bollywood-pclvMchibfbih.html |archive-date=18 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''
|Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="voice" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Amrithadhare]]''
| Himself
| [[Kannada]] film; Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="cameo">{{Cite news |title=Birthday special: 10 Bollywood actors who worked in regional films |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/birthday-special-10-bollywood-actors-who-worked-in-regional-films/8412/88558 |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031849/http://www.mid-day.com/photos/birthday-special-10-bollywood-actors-who-worked-in-regional-films/8412/88558 |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |2006
! scope="row" |''[[Family (2006 film)|Family]]''
| Virendra (Viren) Sahai
| Also producer
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Family1">{{Cite web |title=Family – Ties of Blood (2006) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144049/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54503/Family%20-%20Ties%20of%20Blood |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=16 June 2014 |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Family2">{{Cite news |last=Nag |first=Ashoke |date=19 February 2005 |title=Big B plans big for ABCL revival |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-02-19/news/27472122_1_ab-corp-co-production-deal-bengali-film |access-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011133546/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-02-19/news/27472122_1_ab-corp-co-production-deal-bengali-film |archive-date=11 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Darna Zaroori Hai]]''
| Professor Sunil Khanna
| Segment : ''Imaginary Ghost''
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chopra |first=Anpama |date=15 May 2006 |title=Ho hum horror |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20060515-movie-review-of-darna-zaroori-hai-amitabh-bachchan-mallika-sherawat-anil-kapoor-785417-2006-05-14 |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015422/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/movie-review-of-darna-zaroori-hai-amitabh-bachchan-mallika-sherawat-anil-kapoor/1/191427.html |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]''
| Samarjit (Sam) Talwar
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509037 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020958/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509037 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/tv-shows/happy-birthday-amitabh-bachchan-107 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033120/http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/tv-shows/happy-birthday-amitabh-bachchan-107 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=[[NDTV Good Times]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Baabul (2006 film)|Baabul]]''
| Balraj Kapoor
| Also playback singer for the songs "Come On" and "Kehta Hai Baabul"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2014 |title=Ravi Chopra's Death Fills Amitabh Bachchan With Grief, Sorrow |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ravi-chopras-death-fills-amitabh-bachchan-with-grief-sorrow-695200 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232143/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ravi-chopras-death-fills-amitabh-bachchan-with-grief-sorrow-695200 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Baabul |url=http://gaana.com/album/baabul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031171101/http://gaana.com/album/baabul |archive-date=31 October 2015 |access-date=26 October 2015 |website=Gaana}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ganga (2006 film)|Ganga]]''
| Thakur Vijay Singh
| Bhojpuri film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=7 October 2005 |title=A feast from the East |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702270100.htm |access-date=16 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720142950/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702270100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=20 July 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Zamaanat''
|Shiv Shankar
|Unreleased
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |2007
! scope="row" |''[[Eklavya: The Royal Guard]]''
| Eklavya
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |title=Review: Eklavya |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/eklavya-review-bollywood-pclwl6caieghg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118183716/http://www.sify.com/movies/eklavya-review-bollywood-pclwl6caieghg.html |archive-date=18 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Nishabd]]''
| Vijay Anand
|150th film; Also playback singer for the songs "Rozaana" and "Kabhi Nahi"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last1=K Rajeev Kumar |last2=Ravi K Chandran |date=20 May 2006 |title=Star-struck in Munnar |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3192995.ece |access-date=20 May 2007 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230407/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/starstruck-in-munnar/article3192995.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Cheeni Kum]]''
| Buddhadev Gupta
| Also playback singer for the song "Baatein Hawa"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |author-link=Raja Sen |date=25 May 2007 |title=BigB-ittersweet Symphony |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/25cheeni.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144359/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/25cheeni.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]''
| Advocate Dhingra
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |author-link=Nikhat Kazmi |date=26 May 2007 |title=Shootout At Lokhandwala Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Shootout-At-Lokhandwala/movie-review/2075070.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704194439/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Shootout-At-Lokhandwala/movie-review/2075070.cms |archive-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aag (2007 film)|Aag]]''
| Babban Singh
| Also playback singer for the song "Mehbooba"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=1 September 2007 |title=An insincere tribute to evergreen 'Sholay' Film Review |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/an-insincere-tribute-to-evergreen-sholay-film-review/article1902995.ece |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230452/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/An-insincere-tribute-to-evergreen-lsquoSholayrsquo-Film-Review/article14826800.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[The Last Lear]]''
| Harish Mishra (Harry)
| English film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dhaliwal |first=Nirpal |date=23 September 2008 |title=The most god-awful film I have ever seen in any genre, anywhere in the world |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/22/bollywood |url-status=live |access-date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123213118/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/22/bollywood |archive-date=23 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Om Shanti Om]]''
| Himself
| Cameo
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jhoom Barabar Jhoom]]''
| Himself
|Special appearance in the song <nowiki>''</nowiki>Jhoom Barabar Jhoom"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhoom Barabar Jhoom (2007) |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030651/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65077/Jhoom%20Barabar%20Jhoom |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=30 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=13 August 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Swami (2007 film)|Swami]]''
| Narrator
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="baritone" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Gangotri (2007 film)|Gangotri]]''
| Thakur Vijay 'Thakur Kaka' Singh
| Bhojpuri film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Farhan Syed">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/happy-birthday-amitabh-bachchan-bhojpuri-movies-of-the-bollywood-star/photostory/86934081.cms|title=Happy birthday, Amitabh Bachchan; Bhojpuri movies of the Bollywood star|author=Farhan Syed|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115200035/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/happy-birthday-amitabh-bachchan-bhojpuri-movies-of-the-bollywood-star/photostory/86934081.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/amitabh-bachchan-mithun-to-star-in-gangotri/story-AnjbiygoEHWp4BG9t7KwSI.html|title=Amitabh Bachchan, Mithun to star in Gangotri|work=Hindustan Times|author=Vajir Singh|date=26 March 2007|access-date=15 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115200035/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/amitabh-bachchan-mithun-to-star-in-gangotri/story-AnjbiygoEHWp4BG9t7KwSI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Ek Krantiveer: Vasudev Balwant Phadke''
| Narrator
| Marathi film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
| rowspan="5" |2008
! scope="row" |''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''
| Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 January 2008 |title=Big B in Jodhaa Akbar |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Big-B-in-Jodhaa-Akbar/articleshow/2692661.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Big-B-in-Jodhaa-Akbar/articleshow/2692661.cms |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Yaar Meri Zindagi]]''
| Dr. Ajay Singh
|Filmed in the 1970s; Released after long–delay
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2008 |title=Out at last! Big B starrer 'Yaar Meri Zindagi' releases after 37 years |url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/out-at-last-big-b-starrer-yaar-meri-zindagi-releases-after-37-years_434792.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606224224/http://zeenews.india.com/home/out-at-last-big-b-starrer-yaar-meri-zindagi-releases-after-37-years_434792.html |archive-date=6 June 2014 |access-date=3 June 2014 |website=Zee News}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bhoothnath]]''
| Kailash Nath (Bhoothnath)
| Also playback singer for the songs "Mere Buddy", "Samaye Ka Pahiya" and "Chalo Jaane Do"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |author-link=Raja Sen |date=9 May 2008 |title=Bhoothnath cries too much |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/09bhoot.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101949/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/09bhoot.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhoothnath |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Bhoothnath-2008/A1ktZLj9IgE_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022611/http://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Bhoothnath-2008/A1ktZLj9IgE_ |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Saavn|date=8 April 2008 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sarkar Raj]]''
| Subhash Nagre (Sarkar)
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |author-link=Rajeev Masand |title=Masand's Verdict: Sarkar Raj is punishingly slow |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-sarkar-raj-is-punishingly-slow/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093029/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-sarkar-raj-is-punishingly-slow/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[God Tussi Great Ho]]''
| [[God]]
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Katrina Kaif to Amitabh Bachchan: Actors who played God |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Katrina-Kaif-to-Amitabh-Bachchan-Actors-who-played-God/photostory/48902901.cms |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015194218/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Katrina-Kaif-to-Amitabh-Bachchan-Actors-who-played-God/photostory/48902901.cms |archive-date=15 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
! scope="row" |''[[Delhi-6]]''
| Mr. Mehra (Dadaji)
| Guest appearance; Also playback singer for the song "Noor"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kotwani |first=Hiren |date=13 January 2011 |title=Amitabh Bachchan to star in Rakeysh Mehra's next |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-to-star-in-rakeysh-mehra-s-next/story-CmS9XGpDPIezuBHNcGkcVI.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015447/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-to-star-in-rakeysh-mehra-s-next/story-CmS9XGpDPIezuBHNcGkcVI.html |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Tajpal |date=6 March 2009 |title=A R Rahman Delhi – 6 Review |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/56bd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107213925/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/56bd |archive-date=7 November 2013 |access-date=30 May 2013 |website=BBC}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aladin (film)|Aladin]]''
| [[Jinn|Genius]]
| Also playback singer for the songs "Genie Rap" and "O Re Sawariya"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=30 October 2009 |title=Aladin Review |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/aladin-447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008171821/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/aladin-447 |archive-date=8 October 2013 |access-date=20 February 2013 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kher |first=Ruchika |date=29 September 2009 |title=Music review: Aladin |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music-review-aladin/story-AlCjqEQG5h9zvVRH2YnhkN.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021102/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music-review-aladin/story-AlCjqEQG5h9zvVRH2YnhkN.html |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
| Auro
| National Film Award for Best Actor; Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also producer; Also playback singer for the song "Mere Paa"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="paa1">{{Cite news |date=15 September 2010 |title=Big B wins National Award for Paa |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Big-B-wins-National-Award-for-Paa/articleshow/6559599.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130072935/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Big-B-wins-National-Award-for-Paa/articleshow/6559599.cms |archive-date=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="koral">{{Cite book |last=Dasgupta |first=Koral |title=POWER OF A COMMON MAN: Connecting With Consumers The Srk Way |publisher=Westland |year=2014 |isbn=978-93-84030-15-5 |page=96 }}</ref><ref name="paa2">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2010 |title=Winners of 55th Idea Filmfare Awards 2009 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/776/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203075020/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/776/ |archive-date=3 February 2014 |access-date=22 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref name="paa3">{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Chandrima |date=17 November 2009 |title=Paa has artistic music |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/nov/17/music-review-paa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030308/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/nov/17/music-review-paa.htm |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Zor Lagaa Ke...Haiya!]]''
| Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
! scope="row" |''[[Rann (film)|Rann]]''
| Vijay Harshwardhan Malik
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lovece |first=Frank |date=14 October 2010 |title=Rann -- Film Review |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/rann-film-review-29253 |url-status=live |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924213847/https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/rann-film-review-29253 |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Teen Patti (film)|Teen Patti]]''
| Professor Venkat Subramanium
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |author-link=Nikhat Kazmi |date=25 February 2010 |title=Teen Patti |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Teen-Patti/movie-review/5616030.cms |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823043733/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Teen-Patti/movie-review/5616030.cms |archive-date=23 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]''
| Lokanatha Sharma
| [[Malayalam]] film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Meghna |date=17 December 2010 |title=Big B, Mohanlal shine in Kandahar |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-kandahar/20101217.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025710/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-kandahar/20101217.htm |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=13 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2011
! scope="row" |''[[Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap]]''
| Vijay (Vijju) Malhotra
| Also producer; Also playback singer for the songs "Bbuddah Hoga Terra Baap", "Go Meera Go" and "Haal-E-Dil"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="koral" /><ref name="bbuddah1">{{Cite web |title=Bbuddah ... Hoga Terra Baap |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Bbuddah-Hoga-Terra-Baap-2011/2NBhgrwIkUQ_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031737/http://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Bbuddah-Hoga-Terra-Baap-2011/2NBhgrwIkUQ_ |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=Saavn|date=10 June 2011 }}</ref><ref name="bbuddah2">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2011 |title=Shahrukh Khan surviving on pain killers |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/shahrukh-khan-surviving-on-pain-killers-378074.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030074137/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/shahrukh-khan-surviving-on-pain-killers-378074.html |archive-date=30 October 2015 |access-date=12 March 2015 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aarakshan]]''
| Dr. Prabhakar Anand
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Will Aarakshan draw in the crowds? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/will-aarakshan-draw-in-the-crowds/20110801.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203184214/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/will-aarakshan-draw-in-the-crowds/20110801.htm |archive-date=3 February 2015 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ra.One]]''
|Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Kunal M |date=6 October 2011 |title=After Rajinikanth, SRK turns to Big B |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/After-Rajinikanth-SRK-turns-to-Big-B/articleshow/10253719.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227152432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/After-Rajinikanth-SRK-turns-to-Big-B/articleshow/10253719.cms |archive-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |2012
! scope="row" |''[[Department (film)|Department]]''
| Sarjerao Gaikwad
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 April 2012 |title=Department |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/previews/bollywood/Department/articleshow/12607941.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/previews/bollywood/Department/articleshow/12607941.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kahaani]]''
|Narrator
| Also playback singer for the song "[[Ekla Chalo Re]]"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mumbai Mirror |author-link=Mumbai Mirror |date=29 February 2012 |title=''Kahaani'' music review |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/music-reviews/Kahaani/articleshow/12080699.cms?referral=PM |access-date=15 May 2012 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/music-reviews/Kahaani/articleshow/12080699.cms?referral=PM%0A |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mr. Bhatti on Chutti]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2011 |title=Big B's special appearance in MR. BHATTI ON CHUTTI |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/big-bs-special-appearance-mr-bhatti-chutti-050230124.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032322/https://in.news.yahoo.com/big-bs-special-appearance-mr-bhatti-chutti-050230124.html |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bol Bachchan]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance in the song "Bol Bachchan"; Also playback singer for the song "Bol Bachchan"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2012 |title=Music Review: Bol Bachchan |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/music/music-review-bol-bachchan-625993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014727/http://movies.ndtv.com/music/music-review-bol-bachchan-625993 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[English Vinglish]]''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2011 |title=Amitabh to do a cameo in 'English Vinglish' |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/amitabh-to-do-a-cameo-in-english-vinglish-423481.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123210748/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/amitabh-to-do-a-cameo-in-english-vinglish-423481.html |archive-date=23 January 2016 |access-date=1 January 2012 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Power''
| Major
| Short film
|
|-
! scope="row" |''Ganga Devi''
| Chitta Ji
| Bhojpuri film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Farhan Syed"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/amitabh-bachchan-at-ganga-devis-music-launch/articleshow/16133707.cms|title=Amitabh Bachchan at Ganga Devi's music launch|work=The Times of India|access-date=15 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116012122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/amitabh-bachchan-at-ganga-devis-music-launch/articleshow/16133707.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |2013
! scope="row" |''[[The Great Gatsby (2013 film)|The Great Gatsby]]''
| Meyer Wolfsheim
| American film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Henderson |first=Barney |date=8 September 2011 |title=Bollywood legend Amitabh Bachchan to make Hollywood debut in The Great Gatsby |work=Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8749778/Bollywood-legend-Amitabh-Bachchan-to-make-Hollywood-debut-in-The-Great-Gatsby.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908160423/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8749778/Bollywood-legend-Amitabh-Bachchan-to-make-Hollywood-debut-in-The-Great-Gatsby.html |archive-date=8 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Satyagraha (film)|Satyagraha]]''
| Dwarka Anand
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sengar |first=Resham |date=30 August 2013 |title='Satyagraha' review: A mission left unaccomplished |work=Daily News and Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-satyagraha-review-a-mission-left-unaccomplished-1882077 |url-status=live |access-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222083637/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-satyagraha-review-a-mission-left-unaccomplished-1882077 |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]''
| Himself
| Guest appearance in the segment "Murabba"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Priyanka |date=16 January 2012 |title=Big B shoots for Kashyap's short story |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/big-b-shoots-for-kashyaps-short-story-151776-2013-01-15 |url-status=live |access-date=28 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116082451/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/big-b-shoots-for-kashyaps-short-story/1/242443.html |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]''
| Narrator
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 September 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan to introduce Akshay's character in 'Boss' |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130902/entertainment-bollywood/article/amitabh-bachchan-introduce-akshays-character-boss |access-date=12 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119054657/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130902/entertainment-bollywood/article/amitabh-bachchan-introduce-akshays-character-boss |archive-date=19 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Krrish 3]]''
|Narrator
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="narrator">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan joins Krrish 3 star cast |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/amitabh-bachchan-joins-krrish-3-star-cast/20130826.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124341/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/amitabh-bachchan-joins-krrish-3-star-cast/20130826.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=11 October 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mahabharat (2013 film)|Mahabharat]]''
| [[Bhishma]]
| Voiceover
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pathak |first=Ankur |date=8 October 2013 |title=Deepti Naval is Kunti in Mahabharat |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Deepti-Naval-is-Kunti-in-Mahabharat/articleshow/23661825.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011030553/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Deepti-Naval-is-Kunti-in-Mahabharat/articleshow/23661825.cms |archive-date=11 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
! scope="row" |''[[Bhoothnath Returns]]''
| Khailash Nath (Bhoothnath)
|175th film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 April 2014 |title=Make 'Bhootnath Returns' tax free, poll panel urged |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/make-bhootnath-returns-tax-free-poll-panel-urged-114042200500_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924131058/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/make-bhootnath-returns-tax-free-poll-panel-urged-114042200500_1.html |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]''
| Pratap Ji
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film; Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2014 |title=Amitabh Bachchan cameo in Manam |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-cameo-in-Manam/articleshow/34318423.cms |access-date=6 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]''
| Narrator
| Hindi version
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2014 |title=Movie review: Rajinikanth dazzles in 'Kochadaiiyaan' with master strokes |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/movie-review-rajinikanth-dazzles-in-kochadaiiyaan-with-master-strokes-2014-05-22-1.550044 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522195134/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/movie-review-rajinikanth-dazzles-in-kochadaiiyaan-with-master-strokes-2014-05-22-1.550044 |archive-date=22 May 2014 |website=Emirates247}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
! scope="row" |''[[Shamitabh]]''
| Amitabh Sinha/ Robert
| Also producer and playback singer for the song "Piddly Si Baatein"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="shamitabh1">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=9 February 2015 |title='Shamitabh' movie review: Amitabh Bachchan's voice powers the movie |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/shamitabh-movie-review-swings-between-being-intelligent-and-banal/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120080935/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/shamitabh-movie-review-swings-between-being-intelligent-and-banal/ |archive-date=20 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="shamitabh2">{{Cite news |date=31 December 2014 |title=Amitabh Bachchan sings about 'Piddly' in new Shamitabh song |work=Daily News and Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-sings-about-piddly-in-new-shamitabh-song-2048423 |url-status=live |access-date=11 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118152810/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-sings-about-piddly-in-new-shamitabh-song-2048423 |archive-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Piku]]''
| Bhashkor Banerjee
| National Film Award for Best Actor; Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor; Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2013 |title=63rd National Film Awards: List of winners |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-National-Film-Awards-List-of-winners/articleshow/51580133.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331075309/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/63rd-National-Film-Awards-List-of-winners/articleshow/51580133.cms |archive-date=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saltz |first=Rachel |date=7 May 2015 |title=Review: In 'Piku,' Amitabh Bachchan Plays a Dad to Deepika Padukone |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/08/movies/review-in-piku-amitabh-bachchan-plays-a-dad-to-deepika-padukone.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |access-date=11 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511054555/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/08/movies/review-in-piku-amitabh-bachchan-plays-a-dad-to-deepika-padukone.html?_r=0 |archive-date=11 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 January 2016 |title=Full list of winners of the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards |work=Filmfare |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/full-list-of-winners-of-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11841.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316165017/http://www.filmfare.com/news/full-list-of-winners-of-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11841.html |archive-date=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2016 |title=Nominations for the 61st Britannia Filmfare Awards |work=Filmfare |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413161505/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-11809.html |archive-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hey Bro]]''
|Himself
| Special appearance in the song "Birju"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rodricks |first=Allan Moses |date=25 February 2015 |title=A double take on twins |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-double-take-on-twins/article6933010.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212085516/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-double-take-on-twins/article6933010.ece |archive-date=12 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2016
! scope="row" |''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''
| Pandit Omkarnath Dhar
| Also playback singer for the song "Khel Khel Mein"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramakrishnan |first=Swetha |date=4 June 2015 |title=Wazir trailer: Amitabh, Farhan are as mysterious and intriguing as a game of chess |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/wazir-trailer-amitabh-farhan-are-as-mysterious-and-intriguing-as-a-game-of-chess-2278800.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030022151/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/wazir-trailer-amitabh-farhan-are-as-mysterious-and-intriguing-as-a-game-of-chess-2278800.html |archive-date=30 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Te3n]]''
| John Biswas
| Also playback singer for the song "Kyun Re - 1"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhatia |first=Uday |date=10 June 2016 |title=Film review: Te3n |work=Mint |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/S5QsLkoZu5bSfbvWfOg41J/Film-review-Te3n.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613081510/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/S5QsLkoZu5bSfbvWfOg41J/Film-review-Te3n.html |archive-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]''
| Deepak Sehgal
| Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor; Also playback singer for the song "Tu Chal"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=15 September 2016 |title=Pink: The girls are alright, but the boys? |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pink-film-review/article9110793.ece |url-status=live |access-date=30 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927221958/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pink-film-review/article9110793.ece |archive-date=27 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2017 |title=62nd Jio Filmfare Awards 2017 Nominations |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-62nd-jio-filmfare-awards-17987.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113122217/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-62nd-jio-filmfare-awards-17987.html |archive-date=13 January 2017 |access-date=13 January 2017 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ki & Ka]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2016 |title=Amitabh Bachchan: 'Ki and Ka' bold of R. Balki |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-Ki-and-Ka-bold-of-R-Balki/articleshow/51569422.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405204244/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-Ki-and-Ka-bold-of-R-Balki/articleshow/51569422.cms |archive-date=5 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Wah Taj]]''
| Narrator
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''Veergatha''
| Dharma Chakra
| Voiceover
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2017
! scope="row" |''[[The Ghazi Attack]]''
| Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2017 |title=The Ghazi Attack: Chiranjeevi and Suriya turn narrators for Rana Daggubati film |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/the-ghazi-attack-chiranjeevi-and-suriya-turn-narrators-for-rana-daggubati-film-4495669/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164452/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/the-ghazi-attack-chiranjeevi-and-suriya-turn-narrators-for-rana-daggubati-film-4495669/ |archive-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Begum Jaan (2017 film)|Begum Jaan]]''
|Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coutinho |first=Natasha |date=10 March 2017 |title=Amitabh Bachchan to lend his voice for the opening sequence of the Vidya Balan-starrer 'Begum Jaan' |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-to-lend-his-voice-for-the-opening-sequence-of-the-Vidya-Balan-starrer-Begum-Jaan/articleshow/57572794.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310201709/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-to-lend-his-voice-for-the-opening-sequence-of-the-vidya-balan-starrer-begum-jaan/articleshow/57572794.cms |archive-date=10 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Firangi]]''
| Narrator
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2017 |title=Kapil Sharma thanks Amitabh Bachchan for lending his voice to Firangi |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kapil-sharma-thanks-amitabh-bachchan-for-lending-his-voice-to-firangi/story-nHK68BBXmCdpYnDgG9ZbuK.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222221602/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kapil-sharma-thanks-amitabh-bachchan-for-lending-his-voice-to-firangi/story-nHK68BBXmCdpYnDgG9ZbuK.html |archive-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sarkar 3]]''
| Subhash Nagre (Sarkar)
| Also playback singer for the song "Ganpati Aarti"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vats |first=Rohit |date=12 May 2017 |title=Sarkar 3 movie review: Amitabh Bachchan leads a dysfunctional family to trouble |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/sarkar-3-movie-review-amitabh-bachchan-leads-a-dysfunctional-family-to-trouble/story-aoBo1ZI8yA0XBmnWhk1jaJ.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512014021/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/sarkar-3-movie-review-amitabh-bachchan-leads-a-dysfunctional-family-to-trouble/story-aoBo1ZI8yA0XBmnWhk1jaJ.html |archive-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''The Great Leader''
| Leader
| Bhojpuri film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Farhan Syed"/>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2018
! scope="row" |''[[Pad Man (film)|Pad Man]]''
| Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Devansh |date=8 February 2018 |title=Padman: Akshay Kumar delivers career best performance in audacious film cursed by underwhelming first half |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padman-review-akshay-kumar-delivers-career-best-performance-in-audacious-film-cursed-by-underwhelming-first-half-4342397.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208183542/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/padman-review-akshay-kumar-delivers-career-best-performance-in-audacious-film-cursed-by-underwhelming-first-half-4342397.html |archive-date=8 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Helicopter Eela]]''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2018 |title=Amitabh Bachchan confirmed for cameo in Kajol's Helicopter Eela, will play himself |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-confirmed-for-cameo-in-kajol-s-helicopter-eela-will-play-himself/story-eY2TGqMYFeCtalfGkSsFRJ.html |access-date=8 November 2018 |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526221523/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-confirmed-for-cameo-in-kajol-s-helicopter-eela-will-play-himself/story-eY2TGqMYFeCtalfGkSsFRJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[102 Not Out]]''
| Dattatraya Jagjeevan Vakharia
| Also playback singer for the songs "Badumbaaa" and "Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vats |first=Rohit |date=3 May 2018 |title=102 Not Out movie review: Amitabh Bachchan, Rishi Kapoor's sparkling drama |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/102-not-out-movie-review-amitabh-bachchan-rishi-kapoor-s-sparkling-drama/story-vemMvFVH0VZhk7mPw86OUN.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503224002/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/102-not-out-movie-review-amitabh-bachchan-rishi-kapoor-s-sparkling-drama/story-vemMvFVH0VZhk7mPw86OUN.html |archive-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Thugs of Hindostan]]''
| Khudabaksh Jhaazi Azaad
| Also playback singer for the song "Lori"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2017 |title=Amitabh Bachchan cracks a rib while shooting for 'Thugs Of Hindostan' |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/amitabh-bachchan-hurts-back-and-braves-pain-to-shoot-for-thugs-of-hindostan-mumbai-bollywood-news/18499170 |url-status=live |access-date=8 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909004930/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/amitabh-bachchan-hurts-back-and-braves-pain-to-shoot-for-thugs-of-hindostan-mumbai-bollywood-news/18499170 |archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019
! scope="row"|''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''
|Narrator
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Siddharth |date=25 January 2019 |title='Manikarnika' fails to strike a chord |work=[[Telangana Today]] |url=https://telanganatoday.com/manikarnika-fails-to-strike-a-chord |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126060934/https://telanganatoday.com/manikarnika-fails-to-strike-a-chord |archive-date=26 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Badla (2019 film)|Badla]]''
| Advocate Badal Gupta / Nirmal Singh Toor (Nimbi)
|200th film; Also playback singer for the song "Aukaat"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nayak |first=Pooja |date=7 March 2019 |title=Badla FIRST REVIEWS out! Amitabh Bachchan, Taapsee Pannu's suspense thriller is getting an amazing response |work=Times Now |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/badla-first-reviews-out-amitabh-bachchan-taapsee-pannu-amrita-singh-shah-rukh-khan-suspense-thriller-is-getting-an-amazing-response/378360 |url-status=live |access-date=8 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307142637/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/badla-first-reviews-out-amitabh-bachchan-taapsee-pannu-amrita-singh-shah-rukh-khan-suspense-thriller-is-getting-an-amazing-response/378360 |archive-date=7 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]''
| Guru Gosayi Venkanna
| Telugu film; Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2018 |title=Amitabh Bachchan dons a bearded look for a cameo in Chiranjeevi's Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy, see pic |work=hindustan times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/amitabh-bachchan-dons-a-bearded-look-for-a-cameo-in-chiranjeevi-s-sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-see-pic/story-Q9U9IDD2PqkvDjD37L39hL.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704124836/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/amitabh-bachchan-dons-a-bearded-look-for-a-cameo-in-chiranjeevi-s-sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-see-pic/story-Q9U9IDD2PqkvDjD37L39hL.html |archive-date=4 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2020
! scope="row"|''[[AB Aani CD]]''
| Himself
| Marathi film; Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan makes Marathi debut with AB Aani CD, first poster out |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/amitabh-bachchan-makes-marathi-debut-with-ab-aani-cd-first-poster-out/story-PiDnDkL7SKDG8nwfk14r3H.html |access-date=5 September 2019 |archive-date=5 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905213042/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/amitabh-bachchan-makes-marathi-debut-with-ab-aani-cd-first-poster-out/story-PiDnDkL7SKDG8nwfk14r3H.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Ghoomketu]]''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2020 |title='I am a reluctant actor so playing lazy came easily': Anurag Kashyap on playing laidback inspector in 'Ghoomketu' |work=Daily News and Analysis |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-i-am-a-reluctant-actor-so-playing-lazy-came-easily-anurag-kashyap-on-playing-laidback-inspector-in-ghoomketu-2825535 |access-date=21 May 2020 |archive-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527084130/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-i-am-a-reluctant-actor-so-playing-lazy-came-easily-anurag-kashyap-on-playing-laidback-inspector-in-ghoomketu-2825535 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Gulabo Sitabo]]''
| Chunnan (Mirza) Nawab
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Filmfare Critics Award For Best Actor]]; Nominated–[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 June 2019 |title=Amitabh Bachchan begins shooting for Gulabo Sitabo |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-begins-shooting-for-gulabo-sitabo/story-QLgAq8HWccrUZorzfJjwZK.html |access-date=21 June 2019 |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116203718/https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-begins-shooting-for-gulabo-sitabo/story-QLgAq8HWccrUZorzfJjwZK.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
! scope="row"|''[[Chehre]]''
| Advocate Lateef Zaidi
| Also playback singer for the song "Chehre - Title Track"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2019 |title=Amitabh Bachchan shares first look of Chehre |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-first-look-chehre-emraan-hashmi-5723634/ |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514193308/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-first-look-chehre-emraan-hashmi-5723634/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]''
| DCP Dashrath Singh
| Archival footage
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2022
! scope="row"|''[[Jhund (film)|Jhund]]''
| [[Vijay Barse|Vijay Borade]]
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2019 |title=Amitabh Bachchan's Jhund to release on Sept 20, first poster out |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-s-jhund-to-release-on-sept-20-first-poster-out/story-Jgxel9oIP2N6eYrwliPIlK.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045930/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-s-jhund-to-release-on-sept-20-first-poster-out/story-Jgxel9oIP2N6eYrwliPIlK.html |archive-date=26 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Runway 34]]''
| Narayan Vedant
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ajay Devgn's directorial starring him, Amitabh Bachchan, Rakul Preet Singh now titled Runway 34; first looks unveiled|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/first-poster-of-ajay-devgn-directorial-starring-him-amitabh-bachchan-rakul-preet-singh-unveiled/|date=29 November 2020|access-date=29 November 2021|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531072803/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/first-poster-of-ajay-devgn-directorial-starring-him-amitabh-bachchan-rakul-preet-singh-unveiled/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2020 |title=Ajay Devgn begins the shooting of his directorial MayDay in Hyderabad, film to release on Eid 2022 weekend |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-begins-the-shooting-of-his-directorial-mayday-in-hyderabad-film-to-release-on-eid-2022-weekend/ |access-date=11 December 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725042602/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-begins-the-shooting-of-his-directorial-mayday-in-hyderabad-film-to-release-on-eid-2022-weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Radhe Shyam]]''
|Narrator
| Narrator for the Hindi version
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy Chowdhury |first1=Rishita |date=9 March 2022 |title=Not just Big B, SS Rajamouli and Prithviraj Sukumaran also turn narrators for Prabhas' Radhe Shyam |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/not-just-big-b-ss-rajamouli-and-prithviraj-sukumaran-also-turn-narrators-for-prabhas-radhe-shyam-1922803-2022-03-09 |access-date=11 April 2022 |work=India Today |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411025837/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/not-just-big-b-ss-rajamouli-and-prithviraj-sukumaran-also-turn-narrators-for-prabhas-radhe-shyam-1922803-2022-03-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]''
| Raghu (Guruji)
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 August 2018 |title=Amitabh Bachchan shares set photos from Brahmastra |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-shares-set-photos-from-brahmastra-5292521/ |url-status=live |access-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918201050/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-shares-set-photos-from-brahmastra-5292521/ |archive-date=18 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Fakt Mahilao Maate]]''
|Kanji Parikh
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] film; Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarati film 'Fakt Mahilao Mate' goes into production |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gujarati-film-fakt-mahilao-mate-goes-into-production/articleshow/90150191.cms |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722112141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/gujarati-film-fakt-mahilao-mate-goes-into-production/articleshow/90150191.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Amitabh Bachchan to guest star in Gujarati film 'Fakt Mahilao Mate' |url=https://theprint.in/features/amitabh-bachchan-to-guest-star-in-gujarati-film-fakt-mahilao-mate/962801/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=ThePrint |date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601095419/https://theprint.in/features/amitabh-bachchan-to-guest-star-in-gujarati-film-fakt-mahilao-mate/962801/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Chup: Revenge of the Artist]]''
| Himself
|Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/sep/22/chup-revenge-of-the-artist-review-a-killer-bollywood-horror-to-frighten-film-critics | title=Chup: Revenge of the Artist review – a killer Bollywood horror to frighten film critics | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=22 September 2022 | access-date=24 September 2022 | archive-date=24 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924071617/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/sep/22/chup-revenge-of-the-artist-review-a-killer-bollywood-horror-to-frighten-film-critics | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Goodbye (2022 film)|Goodbye]]''
| Harish Bhalla
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2021 |title=Goodbye starring Amitabh Bachchan and Rashmika Mandanna goes on floors |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/goodbye-starring-amitabh-bachchan-rashmika-mandanna-goes-floors/ |access-date=2 April 2021 |archive-date=2 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402062649/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/goodbye-starring-amitabh-bachchan-rashmika-mandanna-goes-floors/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Naam Tha Kanhaiyalal]]''
| Himself
| Documentary
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=KBR |first1=Upala |date=7 April 2021 |title=Kanhaiyalal's daughter Hemaa Singh: Big B, Dharmendraji have paid tribute to dad |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/kanhaiyalals-daughter-hemaa-singh-big-b-dharmendraji-have-paid-tribute-to-dad-23167263 |work=Mid Day |access-date=25 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Uunchai]]''
| Amit Srivastava
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2021 |title=Parineeti Chopra plays the role of a tourist guide in Nepal in Sooraj Barjatya's Uunchai; film shot at world's most DANGEROUS airport |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-plays-role-tourist-guide-nepal-sooraj-barjatyas-uunchai-film-shot-worlds-dangerous-airport/ |access-date=9 October 2021 |archive-date=9 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009112321/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-plays-role-tourist-guide-nepal-sooraj-barjatyas-uunchai-film-shot-worlds-dangerous-airport/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
! scope="row" |''[[Ghoomer]]''
|Himself
|Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2023 |title=Ghoomer trailer: Abhishek Bachchan motivates dejected Saiyami Kher to play cricket with one hand, Amitabh seen in cameo |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ghoomer-trailer-abhishek-bachchan-saiyami-kher-amitabh-bachchan-cameo-101691133376776.html |access-date=5 April 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405073802/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ghoomer-trailer-abhishek-bachchan-saiyami-kher-amitabh-bachchan-cameo-101691133376776.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ganapath]]''
| Maharishi Dalapathi
|Cameo
|style="text-align: center;"| <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2023 |title=Action-packed promo of Tiger Shroff, Kriti Sanon and legendary Amitabh Bachchan starrer Ganapath is out now |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/action-packed-promo-tiger-shroff-kriti-sanon-legendary-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-ganapath-now/ |access-date=5 April 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405073802/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/features/action-packed-promo-tiger-shroff-kriti-sanon-legendary-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-ganapath-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
! scope="row"|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
| [[Ashwatthama]]
| style="text-align: left;" | Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=K |first1=Janani |date=24 July 2021 |title=Prabhas gives first clap for Amitabh Bachchan as Nag Ashwin's sci-fi film goes on floors |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-gives-first-clap-for-amitabh-bachchan-as-nag-ashwin-s-sci-fi-film-goes-on-floors-1832087-2021-07-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724084040/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-gives-first-clap-for-amitabh-bachchan-as-nag-ashwin-s-sci-fi-film-goes-on-floors-1832087-2021-07-24 |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
! scope = "row" | ''[[Fakt Purusho Maate]]''
| Prabhudas
| Gujarati film; Special appearance
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Big B's BTS picture from 'Fakt Purusho Maate' shared by Anand Pandit |url=https://theprint.in/feature/big-bs-bts-picture-from-fakt-purusho-maate-shared-by-anand-pandit/2180567/ |work=ThePrint |agency=ANI |date=18 July 2024 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Vettaiyan]]''
| Dr. Sathyadev Bramhadutt Pande
|style="text-align: left;"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan and Rajinikanth reunite for 'Thalaivar 170' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-and-rajinikanth-reunite-for-thalaivar-170/article67375843.ece |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=3 October 2023 |language=en-IN |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003123941/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amitabh-bachchan-and-rajinikanth-reunite-for-thalaivar-170/article67375843.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''The Real Superstar''
| Himself
| Documentary
|
|-
|2025
! scope="row"| ''[[120 Bahadur]]''
| Narrator
| Voiceover
|
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|Ramayana: Part 1}}
| [[Jatayu]]
|style="text-align: left;"| Voiceover
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Mahima |title=Ramayana: Ranbir Kapoor to portray two avatars of Lord Vishnu; Amitabh Bachchan roped in for THIS role |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/ramayana-ranbir-kapoor-to-portray-two-avatars-of-lord-vishnu-amitabh-bachchan-roped-in-for-this-role-101725884855689.html |access-date=11 February 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |date=9 September 2024 |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|{{TBA}}
|{{pending film|Kalki 2898 AD : Part 2}}
|[[Ashwatthama]]
|Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan reunites with Kamal Haasan after nearly four decades on 'Kalki 2' sets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/amitabh-bachchan-reunites-with-kamal-haasan-after-nearly-four-decades-on-kalki-2-sets/articleshow/128740813.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=24 February 2026 |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref>
|}

==Production credits==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Director(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|1995
! scope="row" |''[[Gulabi (1995 film)|Gulabi]]''
|{{Sort|Vamsi|[[Krishna Vamsi]]}}
| [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="region">{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Priyanka |date=13 September 2014 |title=Going regional: How celebs stars are taking to cinema here in a big way |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bollywood-regional-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-amitabh-bachchan-292329-2014-09-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095721/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bollywood-regional-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-amitabh-bachchan/1/382647.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 October 2015 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996
! scope="row" |''[[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|Tere Mere Sapne]]''
|{{Sort|Augustine|Joy Augustine}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="baritone" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Yuvathurki]]''
|{{Sort|Bhadran|[[Bhadran (director)|Bhadran]]}}
|[[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="region" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997
! scope="row" |''[[Mrityudata]]''
|{{Sort|Kumar|[[Mehul Kumar]]}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="produce" /><ref name="mrity" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ullaasam]]''
|{{Sort|Jerry|[[J. D.- Jerry]]}}
|[[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="region" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
! scope="row" |''[[Saat Rang Ke Sapne]]''
|{{Sort|Priyadarshan|[[Priyadarshan]]}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="produce" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Major Saab]]''
|{{Sort|Anand|[[Tinnu Anand]]}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="majorsaab" />
|-
|2001
! scope="row" |''[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]''
|{{Sort|Mehra|[[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]]}}
| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="aks" /><ref name="produce" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
! scope="row" |''[[Viruddh... Family Comes First]]''
|{{Sort|Manjrekar|[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="viruddh" />
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Antarmahal]]''
|{{Sort|Ghosh|[[Rituparno Ghosh]]}}
|[[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Reshmi |date=23 October 2005 |title=She returns to her roots |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051023/asp/calcutta/story_5389342.asp |access-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140332/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051023/asp/calcutta/story_5389342.asp |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2006
! scope="row" |''[[Family (2006 film)|Family]]''
|{{Sort|Santoshi|[[Rajkumar Santoshi]]}}
|
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="Family1" /><ref name="Family2" />
|-
|2009
! scope="row" |''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
|{{Sort|Balki|[[R. Balki]]}}
| National Film Award for Best Actor; Filmfare Award for Best Actor
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="paa1" /><ref name="koral" /><ref name="paa2" /><ref name="paa3" />
|-
|2010
! scope="row" |''[[Vihir]]''
|{{Sort|Kulkarni|[[Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni]]}}
|[[Marathi cinema|Marathi film]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parande |first=Shweta |date=25 March 2010 |title=Amitabh to produce more Marathi films |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/amitabh-in-marathi-films-335409.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122234539/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/amitabh-in-marathi-films-335409.html |archive-date=22 January 2016 |access-date=13 October 2015 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref>
|-
|2011
! scope="row" |''[[Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap]]''
|{{Sort|Jagannadh|[[Puri Jagannadh]]}}
| Also playback singer for the song "Bbuddah Hoga Terra Baap"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="koral" /><ref name="bbuddah1" /><ref name="bbuddah2" />
|-
|2013
! scope="row" |''[[Saptapadii]]''
|{{Sort|Thade|Niranjan Thade}}
| [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati film]]
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2013 |title=AB Corp's Gujarati film 'Saptapadii a hit, Big B elated |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/ab-corps-gujarati-film-saptapadii-a-hit-big-b-elated/199709 |url-status=live |access-date=12 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024436/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/ab-corps-gujarati-film-saptapadii-a-hit-big-b-elated/199709 |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2015
! scope="row" |''[[Shamitabh]]''
|{{Sort|Balki|[[R. Balki]]}}
| Also playback singer for the song "Piddly Si Baatein"
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name="shamitabh1" /><ref name="shamitabh2" />
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: margin;"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Note
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 1993–1994
! scope="row"|''[[Dekh Bhai Dekh]]''
| {{mdash}}
|Producer
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijayakar |first=R. M |date=18 June 2014 |title=Amitabh Bachchan to Redefine Television with New Series |work=India-West |url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/article_715685e6-9084-585b-8692-3b90e676d15a.html?mode=jqm |url-status=live |access-date=22 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720140114/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/article_715685e6-9084-585b-8692-3b90e676d15a.html?mode=jqm |archive-date=20 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2000–2006, 2010–present
! scope="row"| ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''
| Host
| Season 1–2, Season 4–present
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan warns fans against fake 'KBC 9' registrations |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-warns-fans-against-fake-KBC-9-registrations/articleshow/48040286.cms |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715063440/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-warns-fans-against-fake-KBC-9-registrations/articleshow/48040286.cms |archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
! scope="row"| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 3)|Bigg Boss 3]]''
| Host
| Season 3
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Bharati |date=5 September 2009 |title=Amitabh Bachchan back on TV with 'Bigg Boss 3 |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Amitabh-Bachchan-back-on-TV-with-Bigg-Boss-3/articleshow/4973731.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526170413/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Amitabh-Bachchan-back-on-TV-with-Bigg-Boss-3/articleshow/4973731.cms |archive-date=26 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
! scope="row"| ''[[The One Show]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahai |first=Zenith |date=19 May 2011 |title=Amitabh Bachchan makes his appearance on BBC One's 'The One Show' |url=http://www.groundreport.com/amitabh-bachchan-makes-his-appearance-on-bbc-ones-the-one-show/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031032/http://www.groundreport.com/amitabh-bachchan-makes-his-appearance-on-bbc-ones-the-one-show/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 October 2015 |website=[[GroundReport]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
! scope="row"| ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]''
| Himself
| Voice over
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Naithani |first=Priyanka |date=26 May 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan lends his voice for the introductory narration of Maharana Pratap |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Amitabh-Bachchan-lends-his-voice-for-the-introductory-narration-of-Maharana-Pratap/articleshow/20271569.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816102746/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Amitabh-Bachchan-lends-his-voice-for-the-introductory-narration-of-Maharana-Pratap/articleshow/20271569.cms |archive-date=16 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
! scope="row" | ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2014 |title=Big B creates history on Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chasmah |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Amitabh-Bachchan-visits-Taarak-Mehta-Ka-Ooltah-Chashmah-sets-Big-B-creates-history-on-Taarak-Mehta/articleshow/33226910.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207144250/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Amitabh-Bachchan-visits-Taarak-Mehta-Ka-Ooltah-Chashmah-sets-Big-B-creates-history-on-Taarak-Mehta/articleshow/33226910.cms |archive-date=7 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]''
| Yudhisthir Sikarwar
| Television miniseries; lead role
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=2 May 2014 |title=Amitabh Bachchan battles world, himself in TV show 'Yudh' |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/watch-amitabh-bachchan-battles-world-himself-in-tv-show-yudh/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701063027/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/watch-amitabh-bachchan-battles-world-himself-in-tv-show-yudh/ |archive-date=1 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
! scope="row"| ''[[Desi Rascals]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baddhan |first=Raj |date=31 January 2015 |title=Overnights: 'Desi Rascals' loses viewers despite Big B special |url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/overnights-desi-rascals-loses-viewers-despite-big-b-special-2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807133414/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/overnights-desi-rascals-loses-viewers-despite-big-b-special-2015 |archive-date=7 August 2015 |access-date=9 October 2015 |website=[[24/7 Media]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
! scope="row"| ''[[Aaj Ki Raat Hai Zindagi]]''
| Host
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=8 October 2015 |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Today's generation is a league apart from ours |work=Mint |url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/ZPkhflSo4farfxpZRCUdBN/Amitabh-Bachchan--Todays-generation-is-a-league-apart-from.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011015453/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/ZPkhflSo4farfxpZRCUdBN/Amitabh-Bachchan--Todays-generation-is-a-league-apart-from.html |archive-date=11 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2016–2017
! scope="row"| ''[[Astra Force]]''
| Astra
| Animated series; voice role Also co-creator with Sharad Devarajan
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2016 |title=Amitabh Bachchan's superhero series Astra Force unveiled on his 74th birthday |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-superhero-series-astra-force-unveiled-on-his-74th-birthday-3077134/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015084415/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-superhero-series-astra-force-unveiled-on-his-74th-birthday-3077134/ |archive-date=15 October 2016}}</ref>
|}

== Documentaries ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Director(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2005
! scope="row" |''[[March of the Penguins]]''
| English [[Hindi]]
| Narrator
| {{Sort|Jacquet|[[Luc Jacquet]]}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2007 |title=Big B scores over Morgan Freeman |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/Big-B-scores-over-Morgan-Freeman/articleshow/1876282.cms |url-status=live |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301211044/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/Big-B-scores-over-Morgan-Freeman/articleshow/1876282.cms |archive-date=1 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
! scope="row" |''[[The Story of Film: An Odyssey]]''
| English
| Himself
| {{Sort|Cousins|[[Mark Cousins (film critic)|Mark Cousins]]}}
| Special appearance
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Feeney |first=Mark |date=16 May 2012 |title=The Story of Film: An Odyssey |url=https://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2012/05/16/the_story_of_film_is_wildly_ambitious_eight_part_documentary/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214023220/http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2012/05/16/the_story_of_film_is_wildly_ambitious_eight_part_documentary/ |archive-date=14 December 2012 |access-date=11 October 2015 |website=[[Boston.com]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Bollywood: The Greatest Love Story Ever Told''
| English Hindi
| Himself
| {{Sort|Mehra|[[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]]}} [[Jeff Zimbalist]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Honeycutt |first=Kirk |date=15 May 2011 |title=Bollywood: The Greatest Love Story Ever Told: Cannes Review |work=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/bollywood-greatest-love-story-ever-188508 |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419101318/https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/bollywood-greatest-love-story-ever-188508 |archive-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
! scope="row" |''Putting the Fun in Fundamental''
| English
| Himself
| {{Sort|Lee|Andy Lee}}
| Special appearance in the episode "Bollywood Goddess"
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
|-
| 2022
! scope="row" |''The Journey of India''
| Hindi
| Himself
|
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 2023
! scope="row"|''[[The Romantics (TV series)|The Romantics]]''
| English, Hindi
| Himself
| {{Sort|Mundhra|Smriti Mundhra}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Wagmeister|first1=Elizabeth|date=23 June 2020|title=Netflix Orders Unscripted Indian Matchmaking Series and Autism Dating Show (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/netflix-dating-shows-indian-matchmaking-love-on-the-spectrum-1234646974/|access-date=21 July 2020|website=Variety|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
! scope="row" |''[[Angry Young Men (miniseries)]]''
| English, Hindi
| Himself
| {{Sort|Rao|[[Namrata Rao]]}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2024 |title=Excited for Salim-Javed's Angry Young Men? Until then watch these 7 iconic & must-watch movies by the writer duo that changed Indian cinema forever; on Amazon Prime Video & other OTT platforms |url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/excited-for-salim-javed-angry-young-men-watch-their-7-iconic-and-must-watch-movies-on-amazon-prime-video-and-other-ott-platforms |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}

== Music videos ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Performer(s)
! Album
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 1988
! scope="row"| "[[Mile Sur Mera Tumhara]]"
| Various
| {{mdash}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="sur">{{Cite news |date=25 January 2010 |title=Amitabh launches new version of Mile sur mera tumhara |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/amitabh-launches-new-version-of-mile-sur-mera-tumhara/story-UVFrqwye5vIQa2jcFP5GCM.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072629/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/amitabh-launches-new-version-of-mile-sur-mera-tumhara/story-UVFrqwye5vIQa2jcFP5GCM.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 1996
! scope="row" | Various
|{{sort|Sagoo|[[Bally Sagoo]]}}
| "Aby Baby"
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chaudhuri |first=Nupur |date=24 March 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan to collaborate with Bally Sagoo again for an album? |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-to-collaborate-with-Bally-Sagoo-again-for-an-album/articleshow/19148238.cms |url-status=live |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820143723/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-to-collaborate-with-Bally-Sagoo-again-for-an-album/articleshow/19148238.cms |archive-date=20 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2002
! scope="row"| "Kabhi Nahi"
| {{sort|Sami|[[Adnan Sami]]}}
| "Tera Chehra"
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2002 |title=Musical gypsy Adnan Sami pairs with Amitabh |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/articleshow?artid=25349735 |access-date=31 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050916042013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/articleshow?artid=25349735 |archive-date=16 September 2005}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
! scope="row"| "[[Phir Mile Sur Mera Tumhara]]"
| Various
| {{mdash}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="sur" />
|-
| 2017
! scope="row"| "Phir Se"
| {{sort|Fadnavis|[[Amruta Fadnavis]]}}
| {{mdash}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2017 |title=Amitabh Bachchan to launch Amruta Fadnavis' new song |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/amitabh-bachchan-to-launch-amruta-fadnavis-new-song/articleshow/58909011.cms |url-status=live |access-date=31 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608014102/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/amitabh-bachchan-to-launch-amruta-fadnavis-new-song/articleshow/58909011.cms |archive-date=8 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2021
!scope="row"| "Hum Hindustani"
|Various
|{{mdash}}
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 August 2021|title=Amitabh Bachchan, Lata Mangeshkar and Others Collaborate for Patriotic Song 'Hum Hindustani'|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/amitabh-bachchan-lata-mangeshkar-and-others-collaborate-for-patriotic-song-hum-hindustani-4072577.html|access-date=12 August 2021|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812064901/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/amitabh-bachchan-lata-mangeshkar-and-others-collaborate-for-patriotic-song-hum-hindustani-4072577.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Amitabh Bachchan|Awards and nominations received by Amitabh Bachchan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm0000821|name=Amitabh Bachchan}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|amitabh_bachchan|Amitabh Bachchan}}

{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film}}

{{Featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bachchan, Amitabh filmography}}
[[Category:Amitabh Bachchan|Filmography]]
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]

1991 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh

2026-04-26T05:19:48Z

Tanjerul Islam: Creating A Stub!

{{Short description|General Election in Madhya Pradesh}}

{{Infobox election
| election_name = Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh, 1991
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh, 1989
| previous_year = 1989
| next_election = 1996 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh
| next_year = 1996
| election_date = May 1991
| seats_for_election = 40 seats
| image1 = {{eppt|Indian National Congress|height=70|width=80}}
| leader1 =
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| leaders_seat1 =
| seats1 = 27
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 19
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 = {{eppt|Bharatiya Janata Party|height=70|width=80}}
| leader2 =
| leaders_seat2 =
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| seats2 = 12
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 15
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| before_party = Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
| after_election = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
| seats_before1 = 8
| seats_before2 = 27
}}
In the [[1991 Indian general election]] for [[Madhya Pradesh]] polls were held for 40 seats in the state. The result was a major victory for the [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]] which won 12 seats.<ref>{{Cite web | title=History Revisited: How political parties fared in 1991 Lok Sabha election {{!}} general elections 2019 News | url=https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/history-revisited-how-political-parties-fared-in-1991-lok-sabha-election-2193229.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408205632/https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/history-revisited-how-political-parties-fared-in-1991-lok-sabha-election-2193229.html | access-date=2026-01-09 | archive-date=2019-04-08}}</ref> [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] fared poorly in this election and managed to won only 8 seats.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4121-general-election-1991-vol-i-ii/ |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1991 TO THE TENTH LOK SABHA, VOLUME 1}}</ref>

== Parties and alliances ==

==={{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]}}===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[L. K. Advani]]
|40
|}

==={{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]]}}===

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|[[Madhavrao Scindia]]
| 40
|-
|}

===Others===
{| class="wikitable" width="60%"
!colspan="2"|Party
! flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! Seats contested
|-
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal}}
| [[Janata Dal]]
| [[File:Janata Dal symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Blank.svg|50px]]
| [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| 37
|-
| {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50x50px|centre]]
| [[Kanshi Ram]]
| 21
|}

==Result==
===Results by Party===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Party Name
! colspan="3" | Popular vote<ref>{{Cite web| title=Statistical report on general elections, 1991 to the tenth Lok Sabha | url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/91_Vol_I.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413155228/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in:80/Links/Books/91_VOL_I.pdf | archive-date=2018-04-13}}</ref>
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| colspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 74,25,644
| 45.34
|
| 40
| 27
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 68,59,335
| 41.88
|
| 40
| 12
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Janata Dal}}
| colspan="3"|[[Janata Dal|JD]]
| 6,95,158
| 4.24
|
| 37
| 0
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| 5,80,030
| 3.54
|
| 21
| 1
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Janata Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Janata Party|JP]]
| 1,00,897
| 0.62
|
| 33
| 0
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| colspan="3"|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| 69,161
| 0.42
|
| 3
| 0
|
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | Others
| 1,07,033
| 0.67
| {{steady}}
| 71
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 5,41,209
| 3.30
|
| 438
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 1,63,78,467
! 100%
! -
! 683
! 40
! -
|}

===Constituency wise===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
! data-sort-type=number | %
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
|-
!1
|[[Morena Lok Sabha constituency|Morena (SC)]]
|Barelal Jatav
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|116,227
|35.89
|Chhaviram Argal
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|99,482
|30.72
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|16,745
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5.17
|-
!2
|[[Bhind Lok Sabha constituency|Bhind]]
|Yoganand Saraswati
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|142,185
|35.88
|Udayan Sharma
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|103,331
|26.07
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|38,854
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9.81
|-
!3
|[[Gwalior Lok Sabha constituency|Gwalior]]
|Madhav Rao Scindia
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|195,212
|53.37
|Shejwalkar N. K.
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|96,156
|26.29
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|99,056
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|27.08
|-
!4
|[[Guna Lok Sabha constituency|Guna]]
|Vijaya Raje Scindia
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|188,773
|51.43
|Shashi Bhooshan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|133,721
|36.43
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|55,052
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15.00
|-
!5
|[[Sagar Lok Sabha constituency|Sagar (SC)]]
|Anand Ahirwar
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|178,478
|48.18
|Ram Prasad Ahirwar
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|169,130
|45.65
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,348
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2.53
|-
!6
|[[Khajuraho Lok Sabha constituency|Khajuraho]]
|Uma Bharti
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|251,714
|49.95
|Ramratan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|186,731
|37.05
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|64,983
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12.90
|-
!7
|[[Damoh Lok Sabha constituency|Damoh]]
|Ramkrishna Kusmaria
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|198,708
|46.73
|Dal Chandra Jain
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|182,550
|42.93
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,158
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3.80
|-
!8
|[[Satna Lok Sabha constituency|Satna]]
|Arjun Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|205,905
|43.34
|Sukhendra Singh
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|139,654
|29.40
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|66,251
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13.94
|-
!9
|[[Rewa Lok Sabha constituency|Rewa]]
|Bheem Singh Patel
|{{Party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|145,373
|32.79
|Shriniwas Tiwari
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|131,057
|29.56
!style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;"|14,316
!style="background:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}} ; color:white;"|3.23
|-
!10
|[[Sidhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sidhi (ST)]]
|Motilal Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|162,892
|46.00
|Jagannath Singh
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|131,268
|37.07
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|31,624
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|8.93
|-
!11
|[[Shahdol Lok Sabha constituency|Shahdol (ST)]]
|Dalbir Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|155,002
|47.68
|Hemvant Porte
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|111,706
|34.36
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|43,296
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13.32
|-
!12
|[[Sarguja Lok Sabha constituency|Surguja (ST)]]
|Khelsai Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|169,908
|51.90
|Larang Sai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|122,916
|37.55
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|46,992
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|14.35
|-
!13
|[[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Raigarh (ST)]]
|Pushpadevi Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|194,080
|53.13
|Nand Kumar Sai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|138,266
|37.85
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|55,814
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|15.28
|-
!14
|[[Janjgir-Champa Lok Sabha constituency|Janjgir]]
|Bhawani Lal Verma
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|159,573
|41.91
|Kunwar Dilip Singh Judeo
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|130,148
|34.19
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|29,425
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|7.72
|-
!15
|[[Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency|Bilaspur (SC)]]
|Khelan Ram Jangde
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|175,642
|53.24
|Govind Ram Miri
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|137,681
|41.73
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|37,961
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|11.51
|-
!16
|[[Sarangarh Lok Sabha constituency|Sarangarh (SC)]]
|Paras Ram Bharadwaj
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|149,987
|42.17
|Resham Lal Jangde (Persadih)
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|104,975
|29.51
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|45,012
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|12.66
|-
!17
|[[Raipur Lok Sabha constituency|Raipur]]
|Vidyacharan Shukla
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|188,335
|45.09
|Ramesh Bais
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|187,376
|44.86
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|959
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|0.23
|-
!18
|[[Mahasamund Lok Sabha constituency|Mahasamund]]
|Pawan Diwan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|205,362
|48.86
|Chandrashekar Sahu
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|183,883
|43.75
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|21,479
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5.11
|-
!19
|[[Kanker Lok Sabha constituency|Kanker (ST)]]
|Arvind Netam
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|154,567
|49.86
|Deolall Dugga
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|135,206
|43.62
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|19,361
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6.24
|-
!20
|[[Bastar Lok Sabha constituency|Bastar (ST)]]
|Mankuram Sodhi
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|87,993
|44.87
|Rajaram Todem
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|70,973
|36.19
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|17,020
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|8.68
|-
!21
|[[Durg Lok Sabha constituency|Durg]]
|Chandulal Chandrakar
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|270,506
|49.47
|Manarakhan Lal Sahu
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|182,767
|33.42
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|87,739
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|16.05
|-
!22
|[[Rajnandgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Rajnandgaon]]
|Shivendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|178,132
|46.83
|Dharampal Singh Gupta
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|130,722
|34.36
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|47,410
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|12.47
|-
!23
|[[Balaghat Lok Sabha constituency|Balaghat]]
|Vishveshwar Bhagat
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|185,491
|40.82
|Gourishankar Chaturbhuj
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|129,265
|28.45
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|56,226
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|12.37
|-
!24
|[[Mandla Lok Sabha constituency|Mandla (ST)]]
|Mohan Lal
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|165,607
|63.26
|Ram Bhajan
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|77,934
|29.77
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|87,673
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|33.49
|-
!25
|[[Jabalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jabalpur]]
|Shrawan Kumar Patel
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|172,149
|44.20
|Baburao Paranjpe
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|165,427
|42.47
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,722
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1.73
|-
!26
|[[Seoni Lok Sabha constituency|Seoni]]
|Vimla Verma
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|221,896
|54.66
|Prahlad Singh Patel
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|166,338
|40.98
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|55,558
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13.68
|-
!27
|[[Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency|Chhindwara]]
|Kamal Nath
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|214,456
|55.98
|Choudhari Chanderbhan
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|134,824
|35.19
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|79,632
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|20.79
|-
!28
|[[Betul Lok Sabha constituency|Betul]]
|Aslam-Sher-Khan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|153,756
|51.69
|Arif Baig
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|131,023
|44.05
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|22,733
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|7.64
|-
!29
|[[Hoshangabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshangabad]]
|Sartaj Singh
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|206,157
|47.81
|Rameshwar Nikhra
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|197,703
|45.85
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,454
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1.96
|-
!30
|[[Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency|Bhopal]]
|Sushil Chandra Verma
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|308,946
|53.61
|Mansoor Ali Khan Patodi
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|206,738
|35.88
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|102,208
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|17.73
|-
!31
|[[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha]]
|Atal Bihari Vajpayee
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|279,232
|58.81
|Pratap Bhanu Sharma
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|175,098
|36.88
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|104,134
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|21.93
|-
!32
|[[Rajgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Rajgarh]]
|Digvijay Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|219,736
|48.60
|Pyarelal Khandelwal
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|218,266
|48.27
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,470
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|0.33
|-
!33
|[[Shajapur Lok Sabha constituency|Shajapur (SC)]]
|Phoolchand Verma
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|265,553
|56.79
|Bapulal Malviya
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|187,305
|40.06
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|78,248
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16.73
|-
!34
|[[Khandwa Lok Sabha constituency|Khandwa]]
|Mahender Kumar Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|230,142
|49.74
|Amritlal Tarawala (Manni Bhai)
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|213,367
|46.11
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|16,775
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|3.63
|-
!35
|[[Khargone Lok Sabha constituency|Khargone]]
|Rameshwar Patidar
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|220,679
|49.50
|Subhashchandra Ganga Ram Yadav
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|206,884
|46.41
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,795
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3.09
|-
!36
|[[Dhar Lok Sabha constituency|Dhar (ST)]]
|Surajbhanu Solanki
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|243,385
|52.72
|Dhirendrasingh Chouhan
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|203,906
|44.17
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|39,479
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|8.55
|-
!37
|[[Indore Lok Sabha constituency|Indore]]
|Sumitra Mahajan
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|303,269
|54.88
|Lalit Jain
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|222,675
|40.30
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|80,594
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|14.58
|-
!38
|[[Ujjain Lok Sabha constituency|Ujjain (SC)]]
|Satyanarayan Jatiya
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|238,904
|54.40
|Sajjansingh Verma
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|187,184
|42.63
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|51,720
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11.77
|-
!39
|[[Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency|Jhabua (ST)]]
|Dileepsingh Bhuria
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|249,304
|62.72
|Relam Chauhan
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|114,902
|28.91
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|134,402
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|33.81
|-
!40
|[[Mandsaur Lok Sabha constituency|Mandsaur]]
|Laxminarain Pandey
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|307,927
|47.78
|Mahendra Singh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|300,944
|46.69
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,983
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1.09
|-
|}

==Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Madhya Pradesh==
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;font-size:94%;"|-
!SI No.
!Name
!Constituency
!Designation
!Department
!From
!To
!Colspan=2|Party
|-
!1
|Arjun Singh
|Satna
|rowspan="4"|Cabinet Minister
|Human Resource Development
|rowspan="2"|21 June 1991
|24 December 1994
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=10}}
|-
!rowspan="2"|2
|rowspan="2"|Madhavrao Scindia
|rowspan="2"|Gwalior
|Civil Aviation and Tourism
|9 January 1993
|-
|Human Resource Development
|10 February 1995
|17 January 1996
|-
!3
|Vidya Charan Shukla
|Raipur
|Water Resources
|21 June 1991
|17 January 1996
|-
!rowspan="2"|4
|rowspan="2"|Kamal Nath
|rowspan="2"|Chhindwara
|rowspan="2"|Minister of State (Independent Charge)
|Environment and Forests
|21 June 1991
|15 September 1995
|-
|Textiles
|15 September 1995
|20 February 1996
|-
!5
|Arvind Netam
|Kanker (ST)
|rowspan="4"|Minister of State
|Agriculture
|18 January 1993
|20 February 1996
|-
!rowspan="2"|6
|rowspan="2"|Aslam Sher Khan
|rowspan="2"|Betul
|Prime Minister’s Office
|rowspan="2"|15 September 1995
|rowspan="2"|16 May 1995
|-
|Welfare
|-
!7
|Vimla Verma
|Seoni
|Welfare (Women and Child Development)
|15 September 1995
|16 May 1996
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp Election Commission of India]

{{Madhya Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:Indian general elections in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2000s in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:1991 Indian general election by state or union territory|Madhya Pradesh]]

Surendra Kumar

2026-04-21T22:51:18Z

Tanjerul Islam: Starting the bio w/ infobox

{{short description|Member of Delhi Legislative Assembly}}
{{Multiple issues|{{BLP sources|date=June 2019}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=June 2019}}{{Undisclosed paid|date=January 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Surendra Kumar
| honorific_suffix = Member of the Legislative Assembly
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency_AM = [[Gokalpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Gokalpur]]
| assembly = Delhi Legislative
| term_start = 2008
| term_end = 2013
| predecessor = Balzor Singh
| successor = Ranjeet Singh Kashyap
| constituency2 =
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 2020
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Fateh Singh (Delhi politician)|Fateh Singh]]
| successor2 =
| constituency3 =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency4 =
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| constituency5 =
| office5 =
| term_start5 =
| term_end5 =
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| constituency6 =
| office6 =
| term_start6 =
| term_end6 =
| predecessor6 =
| successor6 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|1|13}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| birth_name =
| parents = Mangat Ram
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| other_party =
| education = 10th Pass CBSE Board, Delhi
| spouse =
| partner =
| relations =
| children =
| occupation = Business & Politician
| profession =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
}}

'''Surendra Kumar''' is an [[Indian politician]] and is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/5ed52b0040302ba39c47be59281e70d6/rof+17+june+2013.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-289972277|title=Delhi Government|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> He represents the [[Gokalpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Gokalpur]] (SC) constituency of [[Delhi]] and is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] political party. He was also a member of the Legislative Assembly between 2008 and 2013.

Surendra Kumar joined the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] in the presence of National Convener [[Arvind Kejriwal]] and Delhi Election Head [[Sanjay Singh (Aam Aadmi Party)|Sanjay Singh]] on 17 October 2019 at Party Office in ITO, Delhi.

== Early life and education ==
Surendra lives at East Jyoti Nagar in Delhi, and educated till 10th from CBSE Board Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/delhi/gokalpur.html|title=Gokalpur Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election Results 2015, Constituency Map, Candidate List|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=2019-06-17}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Surendra, represents the [[Gokalpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Gokalpur]] (SC) constituency of [[Delhi]] on the ticket of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and now a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] political party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/5457218/|title=Surinder Kumar vs Ranjit Singh, Mla & Ors. on 22 December, 2014|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2019-06-17}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Surendra}}
[[Category:Politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]

{{Delhi-politician-stub}}

Sangod Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:34:37Z

Tanjerul Islam: Starting new entry w/ refs

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sangod
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-188-Sangod.svg
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| type = SLA
| district = [[Kota district|Kota]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kota Lok Sabha constituency|Kota]]
| established = 2008
| assembly_cons = [[Sangod]]
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 188
| mla = [[Heeralal Nagar]]
| incumbent_image =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| electors = {{formatnum:206732}}
| preceded_by = Bharat Singh Kundanpur
}}
'''Sangod Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref> It comprises [[Sangod tehsil]] and parts of [[Digod tehsil]], both in [[Kota district]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref> As of 2023, its representative is [[Heeralal Nagar]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Bharat Singh Kundanpur<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3407-rajasthan-2008/|title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Heeralal Nagar|Heera Lal Nagar]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3411-rajasthan-2013/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| Bharat Singh Kundanpur<ref name=election2018/>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Heeralal Nagar|Heera Lal Nagar]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sangod<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Heeralal Nagar
|votes = {{formatnum:93435}}
|percentage = 55.78
|change = +9.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhanu Pratap Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:67849}}
|percentage = 40.51
|change = -7.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Prabhu Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:1622}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Ramavtar Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:1531}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1320}}
|percentage = 0.79
|change = -0.21
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25586}}
|percentage = 15.27
|change = +14.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:167505}}
|percentage = 79.79
|change = +1.7
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Sangod<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Bharat Singh Kundanpur
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:74154}}
|percentage = 47.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Heera Lal Nagar
|votes = {{formatnum:72286}}
|percentage = 46.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Suresh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2774}}
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1556}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1868}}
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:154906}}
|percentage = 78.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Kota district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|24.93|76.29|display=title}}

[[Category:Kota district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Fateh Bahadur Kushwaha

2026-04-04T20:53:40Z

Tanjerul Islam: Started some details w/ sources.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Not to be confused with|Fateh Bahadur Singh| Fateh Singh (Delhi politician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Fateh Bahadur Singh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/Knowyourmla.html|title=Members of 17th Bihar Assembly|accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230132705/https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/Knowyourmla.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| image = File:Fateh Bahadur Singh.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency =
| term_start = 2020
| predecessor =
| term_end = 2025
| successor =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| birth_name =
| parents =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| other_party =
| education =
| spouse = Kusum Devi
| partner =
| relations =
| children =
| occupation = Business & Politics
| profession =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
}}
'''Fateh Bahadur Singh''' commonly known as '''Fateh Bahadur Kushwaha'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/candidate-list.html|title=Election Bihar Legislative Assembly|website=Election.in|accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=25 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225113301/https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/candidate-list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> is a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] for the [[17th Bihar Assembly]]. He was elected as a candidate of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] from the [[Dehri Assembly constituency]] of [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]] district. In the 2020 Assembly elections, he defeated [[Satyanarayan Singh Yadav|Satyanarayan Singh]] of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]], who was his nearest political rival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/elections/bihar-lok-sabha-election-results-2019/dehri|title=डेहरी विधानसभा चुनाव 2020|website=NDTV|accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=3 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303202128/https://ndtv.in/elections/bihar-lok-sabha-election-results-2019/dehri|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Political career==
Singh, who was a businessman in his earlier life, was aspiring to ticket from [[Upendra Kushwaha]]'s [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] to contest from Dehri Assembly constituency in 2015. However, in 2015 Bihar Assembly elections, he was denied the ticket by the party. In 2019, the by-polls were conducted in the Dehri constituency, to fill the vacancy arising out of the revocation of the membership of Muhammad Ilyas Hussain in Bihar Legislative Assembly. Hussain was convicted in a corruption case and the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]'s candidate Satyanarayan Singh defeated the other candidate, Mohammad Firoz Husain placed by Rashtriya Janata Dal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/election-2015/cid/1327407|title=ELECTION 2015|website=The telegraph|accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=3 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303202139/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/election-2015/cid/1327407|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-bihar-election-2020-fateh-bahadur-singh-of-rjd-will-face-off-against-bjp-candidate-satya-narayan-singh-yadav-in-dehri-seat-20962116.html|title=Dehri Election 2020 : डिहरी सीट पर राजद के फतेह बहादुर सिंह का मुकाबला भाजपा के सत्‍य नारायण सिंह यादव से|website=jagran.com|accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127030647/https://www.jagran.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-bihar-election-2020-fateh-bahadur-singh-of-rjd-will-face-off-against-bjp-candidate-satya-narayan-singh-yadav-in-dehri-seat-20962116.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020 assembly elections, Fateh Bahadur Singh defeated Satyanarayan Singh Yadav with a margin of 464 votes. The nearest runner-up, Yadav got 63,721 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/dehri-election-results-2020-bihar-chunav-vidhan-sabha-seat-counting-dehri-seat-bjp-satyanarayan-singh-rjd-tejashwi-yadav-lbs-1159530-2020-11-10|title=Dehri Election Results 2020: डेहरी सीट पर RJD की जीत, भाजपा के सत्यनारायण को 464 वोटों से हराया|website=Aajtak|date=10 November 2020 |accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=2023-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303202132/https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/dehri-election-results-2020-bihar-chunav-vidhan-sabha-seat-counting-dehri-seat-bjp-satyanarayan-singh-rjd-tejashwi-yadav-lbs-1159530-2020-11-10|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2023, there was a raid by Income Tax Department on the Hotel owned by Singh. It was said to be a statewide exercise run by IT Department to clean up the administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/rohtas/sasaram/news/a-large-number-of-police-forces-reached-outside-the-hotel-of-dehri-mla-hotel-buddha-bihar-is-named-after-fateh-bahadur-singh-130574445.html|title=रोहतास में RJD विधायक के होटल पर IT रेड!:फतेह बहादुर सिंह के होटल बुद्धा बिहार पर जमा हुआ पुलिस बल, पटना से आए अधिकारी|website=Bhaskar.com|accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129065255/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/rohtas/sasaram/news/a-large-number-of-police-forces-reached-outside-the-hotel-of-dehri-mla-hotel-buddha-bihar-is-named-after-fateh-bahadur-singh-130574445.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Controversies==
He was also in controversy involving the chief councillor, Vishaka Singh; latter was accused of framing fake caste certificate of herself belonging to Extremely Backward Caste, for political gains. However, Singh had lodged a complaint against her with the [[District Magistrate]] of Rohtas in connection with the same.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/gaya-rjd-mla-alleges-fake-caste-certificate-dehri-chief-councilor-said-its-a-petty-politics-21706449.html|title=जाति को ले डेहरी के राजद विधायक ने उठाई उंगली, मुख्‍य पार्षद ने कहा, ओछी राजनीति मत करिए|website=jagran.com|accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=3 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303202139/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/gaya-rjd-mla-alleges-fake-caste-certificate-dehri-chief-councilor-said-its-a-petty-politics-21706449.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/bihar-rjd-mla-made-serious-allegations-against-woman-chief-councilor-wrote-letter-to-dm-for-investigation-1922366|title=बिहार: आरजेडी विधायक ने महिला मुख्य पार्षद पर लगाया गंभीर आरोप, जांच के लिए DM को लिखा पत्र|website=ABP live|date=3 June 2021 |accessdate=3 March 2023|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603094827/https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/bihar-rjd-mla-made-serious-allegations-against-woman-chief-councilor-wrote-letter-to-dm-for-investigation-1922366|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Personal beliefs==
Singh has publicly spoken against the expenditure done on celebration of [[Dussera]] and has condemned [[brahminical]] views on existence of 33 [[crore]] deities in [[Hinduism]]. In October 2023, he made a public statement that goddess [[Durga]] is an imaginary figure and the epic tales of her fight with army of demons is also fabricated. He also called demon king [[Mahisasura]] as a hero of [[Yadav]] caste. Singh has also questioned that when India was enslaved by the Britishers, why didn't goddess Durga fight to liberate it. Because of his views, he was criticised later by Union Minister [[Giriraj Singh]], who called his statement an attack on [[Sanatan Dharma]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/row-over-rjd-mlas-statement-that-goddess-durga-is-imaginary/article67466000.ece|title=Row over RJD MLA's statement that Goddess Durga is imaginary|website=The Hindu|date=27 October 2023 |accessdate=27 October 2023 |last1=Bhelari |first1=Amit }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Fateh Bahadur}}
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dilip T.

2026-04-04T09:36:10Z

Tanjerul Islam: Started basic data first draft.

{{Short description|India national cricket team's fielding coach}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = T. Dilip
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = T Dilip.jpg
| image_upright =
| landscape = 
| alt = T. Dilip in 2025
| caption = T. Dilip in 2025
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Tettukandadai Dilip
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|09|01}}<ref>{{Cite news |website=cricbuzz.com |title=T Dilip |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/45950/t-dilip |publisher=[[Cricbuzz]] |archive-date=2025-10-22 |access-date=2026-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251022203317/https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/45950/t-dilip |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| other_names =
| siglum =
| citizenship = Indian
| education =
| alma_mater = Auroras Degree College
| occupation = Cricket fielding coach
| years_active =
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| employer = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| organization =
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'''Tettukandadai Dilip''' is the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]'s current [[Fielding (cricket)|fielding]] [[Coach (sport)|coach]] for the [[India national cricket team]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2025 |title=T Dilip reappointed as India fielding coach for England tour |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/bcci-reappoints-t-dilip-fielding-coach-england-tour-2731562-2025-05-27 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=indiatoday.in |publisher=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251129083807/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/bcci-reappoints-t-dilip-fielding-coach-england-tour-2731562-2025-05-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 18, 2025 |title='Even a split second can cost you': India's fielding coach T Dilip on art of high catching in Dubai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/even-a-split-second-can-cost-you-indias-fielding-coach-t-dilip-on-art-of-high-catching-in-dubai/articleshow/123968303.cms |access-date=2026-03-13 |work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2026-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260207212847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/even-a-split-second-can-cost-you-indias-fielding-coach-t-dilip-on-art-of-high-catching-in-dubai/articleshow/123968303.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 28, 2025 |title=T Dilip to return as Team India's fielding coach for England tour? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-tour-of-england/t-dilip-to-return-as-team-indias-fielding-coach/articleshow/121456370.cms |access-date=2026-03-13 |work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2026-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260308020059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-tour-of-england/t-dilip-to-return-as-team-indias-fielding-coach/articleshow/121456370.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The art of high catching with Fielding Coach T Dilip {{!}} BCCI.tv |url=https://www.bcci.tv/video/5566417/the-art-of-high-catching-with-t-dilip |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.bcci.tv |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |website=sports.ndtv.com |title=Indian Fielding Coach T Dilip Reveals Name Of Team's 'Jonty Rhodes' |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/t20-world-cup-2026/indian-fielding-coach-t-dilip-reveals-name-of-teams-jonty-rhodes-11192452 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

==External links==
* [https://www.tdilip.com Official website]
* [https://in.linkedin.com/in/dilip-t-9894b41b4 Dilip T. in Linkedin]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:People from Telangana]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Coaches of the Indian national cricket team]]

Marumagal (TV series)

2026-03-29T14:28:42Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

{{Infobox television
| image = Marumgal Sun TV.jpg
| caption = Title card
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| writer = Kumarasamy Selvabharathi
| screenplay = Kumarasamy Selvabharathi S. Balamurugan {{small|(dialogues)}}
| director = {{Plainlist|
* Narayanamoorthy (1-199)
* Kuruvithurai K.J.Thangapandian (200-)
}}
| executive_producer =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gabriella Charlton]]
* [[Rahul Ravi]]
}}
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = Vizu
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 
| list_episodes =
| producer = Udaya Shankar
| company = Aura Creations
| open_theme = "Vaa Vaa Marumagale Magale" Srinidhi Sriprakash (vocals); Thozhan (lyrics)
| cinematography = Srinivasan
| editor = Sajin C
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| location = [[Chennai]]
| runtime = Approx. 20–22 minutes per episode
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|06|10|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| related =
| network = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
}}

'''''Marumagal''''' ({{Translation| ''Daughter-in-law''}}) is an Indian [[Tamil television drama]] starring [[Gabriella Charlton]] and [[Rahul Ravi]]. The series is directed by Kuruvithurai K.J.Thangapandian. It premiered on 10 June 2024 airing on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].<ref name="dinamani">{{Cite web |script-title=ta:மருமகள் தொடரின் ஒளிபரப்பு நேரம் அறிவிப்பு... |trans-title=Announcing the airing time of 'Marumagal' serial |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Jun/05/announcing-the-airing-time-of-murumalum-serial |publisher=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta |date=5 June 2024}}</ref> It is also available on the digital platform [[Sun NXT]].

== Synopsis ==
The story revolves around two dissimilar people, Aathirai and Prabhu, who are forced to marry.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
*[[Gabriella Charlton]] as Aadhirai Prabhu: Sivaprakasam and Gowri's daughter; Prabhu's wife; stepdaughter of Manohari; stepsister of Jegan and Agalya
*[[Rahul Ravi]] as Prabhu Thillainathan: son of Thillainathan and Maragatham; Aathirai's husband; brother of Karthik, Rohini and Revathi

=== Recurring ===
* Mounika Subramanyam as Sathyapriya "Sathya" Karthik: Karthik's wife
* Santhosh Daniel as Karthik Thillainathan: Thillainathan and Maragatham's son; Sathya's husband; brother of Prabhu, Rohini and Revathi
* [[Narasimha Raju (Telugu actor)|Narasimha Raju]] as Thillainathan "Thilla": Maragatham's husband; father of Prabhu, Karthik, Rohini and Revathi
* Premi as Maragatham Thillainathan: Thillainathan's wife; mother of Prabhu, Karthik, Rohini and Revathi
* Umarani / Anjali Varadharajan as Tamilarasi "Tamil": sister of Thillainathan and Ekambaram
* Abinaya as Rohini Thillainathan: daughter of Thillainathan and Maragatham; sister of Prabhu, Karthik and Revathi
* Deepika as Revathi Thillainathan: daughter of Thillainathan and Maragatham; sister of Prabhu, Karthik and Rohini
* Ravi Chandran as Sivaprakasam "Siva": husband of Gowri and Manohari; father of Aathirai, Jegan and Agalya; friend of Thillainathan
* Ragavi Sasikumar as Manohari Sivaprakasam: Sivaprakasam's second wife; stepmother of Aathirai; mother of Jegan and Agalya
* Tamil Selvan as Jegan Sivaprakasam: son of Sivaprakasam and Manohari; stepbrother of Aathirai
* Susmitha Suresh as Agalya Sivaprakasam: daughter of Sivaprakasam and Manohari; stepsister of Aathirai
* Ilavarasan as Ekambaram: Manimegalai's husband; father of Velvizhi
* Jeevitha as Manimegalai Ekambaram: Ekambaram's wife; mother of Velvizhi
* Sophia as Velvizhi Ekambaram: daughter of Ekambaram and Manimegalai
* VJ Vijay / Harish G as Saaminathan "Saamy": Prabhu's best friend
* Anbarasi as Priya: Aathirai's friend
* VJ Sam as Senthil
* Thuraisamy

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The series was announced by [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] on begin February 2024. The series is will produced by Aura Creations, who produced shows such as ''[[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vanathai Pola]]'' and ''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ta:கண்ணான கண்ணே நடிகருடன் இணையும் ஈரமான ரோஜாவே 2 நடிகை |trans-title=Actress Gabriella Charlton act with Kannana-Kanne Fame Rahul Ravi|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Feb/04/serial-actress-gabriella-charlton-act-with-kannana-kanne-fame-rahul-ravi-4151061.html|via=|publisher=www.dinamani.com|language=ta|date=4 February 2024}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Actress [[Gabriella Charlton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/gabriella-charlton-to-play-a-lead-role-in-marumagal/articleshow/110494033.cms|title=Gabriella Charlton to play a lead role in 'Marumagal'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 May 2024}}</ref> was cast in the female lead role as Aathirai, marking her return after ''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ta:சன் டிவி புது சீரியல் 'மருமகள்'.. விஜய் டிவியில் இருந்து வரும் ஹீரோயின் |trans-title=Sun TV new serial 'Marumagal'.. Heroine from Vijay TV|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/marumagal-sun-tv-new-serial-promo-1716831965|via=|publisher=cineulagam.com|language=ta|date=28 May 2024}}</ref> [[Rahul Ravi]] was cast in the male lead role as Prabhu, marking his return after ''[[Kannana Kanne]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ta:சன் டிவியில் பிக்பாஸ் கேப்ரில்லா நடிக்கும் புதிய தொடர்.. ஹீரோ யார் தெரியுமா?|trans-title=Bigg Boss Gabriella is starring in Sun TV's new serial.. Do you know who the hero is?|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/biggboss-gabrilla-new-serial-marumagal-in-sun-tv-soon-tamilfont-news-355450|via=|work=www.indiaglitz.com|language=ta|date=28 May 2024}}</ref>

=== Release ===
The first promo was released on 27 May 2024, featuring [[Gabriella Charlton]] and [[Rahul Ravi]].<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ta:மருமகள் தொடரின் முதல் முன்னோட்டம் வெளியானது...|trans-title=The first Promo of the 'Marumagal' series is out|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/May/28/the-new-series-of-the-wet-rose-series-heroine|via=|publisher=[[Dinamani]]|language=ta|date=28 May 2024}}</ref> The second and third promos were unveiled on 3 and 9 June, which gave insight into Hero Heroine lives and revealing the release date.<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Marumagal - promo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QGL_jCrRjg|title=Marumagal - Promo, From 10th June 2024 at 8 PM {{!}} Marumagal {{!}} Sun TV}}</ref>

The show started airing on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] on 10 June 2024 From Monday to Saturday, replacing ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'' serial.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ta:முடிவுக்கு வரும் எதிர்நீச்சல் சீரியல், சன் டிவியில் TRPயில் டாப்பில் இருக்கும் தொடரின் நேரம் மாற்றம்- எந்த சீரியல் தெரியுமா? |trans-title=Ending Ethirneechal Serial, Sun TV Top TRP Serial Time Change- Do you know which serial?|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/time-change-in-sun-tv-hit-serial-1717467208|via=|publisher=cineulagam.com|language=ta|date=5 June 2024}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:black"
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Notes
! style="background:#7b0c0c;color:white"| Ref.
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''Marumagal'' மருமகள்
| 10 June 2024
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| Ongoing
| Original
| <ref name=.1>{{Cite web|script-title=ta:மருமகள் தொடரின் ஒளிபரப்பு நேரம் அறிவிப்பு...|trans-title=Announcing the airing time of 'Marumagal' serial|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Jun/05/announcing-the-airing-time-of-murumalum-serial|via=|publisher=[[Dinamani]]|language=ta|date=5 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''Nuvve Kavali'' నువ్వే కావాలి
| 23 September 2024
| [[Gemini TV]]
| 20 June 2025
| rowspan="3"| Remake
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-tv-serial-nuvve-kavali-telecast-to-start-in-gemini-channel-from-september-23-check-timings-cast-plot-121726935691590.html|title=డిఫరెంట్ లవ్ స్టోరీతో కొత్త టీవీ సీరియల్ నువ్వే కావాలి టెలికాస్ట్ ఎప్పోడంటే|publisher=telugu.hindustantimes.com|date=21 September 2024|access-date=18 January 2025|language=telugu}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''Aathira'' ആതിര
| 13 January 2025
| [[Surya TV]]
| 6 April 2025
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.southmoviez.com/malayalam/malayalam-tv/aathira-malayalm-serial-surya-tv/|title=Surya TV's new serial 'Aathira' Promo Out: Two extreme personalities in a love story|date=20 December 2024|publisher=www.southmoviez.com|access-date=8 January 2025|archive-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123084444/https://www.southmoviez.com/malayalam/malayalam-tv/aathira-malayalm-serial-surya-tv/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Ratha Sapthami'' ರಥ ಸಪ್ತಮಿ
| 8 December 2025
| [[Udaya TV]]
| Ongoing
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/tv-talk/udaya-tv-channel-ratha-saptami-serial-kannada-telecast-timing-hero-heroine/articleshow-werg5fel|title=Ratha Saptami Kannada Serial: ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ್‌ ಎನ್ನೋ ಜಿಪುಣನ ಜೊತೆ ಉದಾರ ಮನೋಭಾವದ ಸಪ್ತಮಿ ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ ಆಗೋಯ್ತು|publisher=Asianet news Kannada|date=3 December 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Reception==

The show had a TVR of 8.55 on launching week on 10 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-15 |title=Tamil TV Serials TRP Ratings this week – December 2023 {{!}}{{!}} Top 20 Tamil Serials List with TRP Rating - Cinebuds |url=https://cinebuds.com/tamil-tv-serials-trp-ratings-this-week/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-tamil-serial-marumagal-Jun10-2024/detail/193259/0 ''Marumagal''] at [[Sun NXT]]

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television series by Sun Entertainment]]

2 Harihar Nagar

2026-03-24T03:05:45Z

Tanjerul Islam: improve formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 2 Harihar Nagar
| image = Harihar Nagar 2.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[Lal (actor)|Lal]]
| producer = P. N. Venugopal
| writer = Lal
| starring = [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] [[Jagadish]] [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]
| music = [[Alex Paul]]
| cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]
| editing = V. Sajan
| studio = P. N. V Associates Lal Creations
| distributor = Lal Releases (India) PJ Entertainments (Europe)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|4|1}}
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INR}}4 crore
}}

'''''2 Harihar Nagar''''' is a 2009 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy thriller]] film written and directed by [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] and produced by P. N. Venugopal starring [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Jagadish]] and [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]. It is the sequel to ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]'' (1990). The film chronicles the story of four childhood friends Mahadevan, Govindan Kutty, Appukuttan and Thomas Kutty who revisits their home residence Harihar Nagar after many years to relive their old days. However, problems arise after they meet a girl and when one of them goes missing.

The film was a box office success.<ref name=":0"/> A sequel, ''[[In Ghost House Inn]]'' was released in 2010.

==Plot==
The movie starts with a flashback, in front of a church, in 1980 when the four main characters were children. This scene shows the beginning of their friendship. Thomas Philip alias Thomas Kutty loses money to a [[Scam|scam artist]], who responds to his complaints with violence. He is rescued by other three friends Mahadevan, Govindan Kutty and Appukuttan who respond to his calls of distress. They invite Thomas Kutty to join their group who, above all, vow never to cheat on one another. The scene is transitioned by the quote "Thomas Kutty Vittodaa!" (Thomas kutty, run!) once the scam artist brings his friends to return the beating he got.

The movie transitions to the current time: each of them are introduced again, 20 years later. Mahadevan is a [[Dubai]] based businessman and a part-time personality development trainer who is married to Sulochana and they have daughter Meenakshi, but their family life is not successful. Govindan Kutty is a leading builder who's happily married Parvathi and settled in [[Bangalore]]. Appukuttan is a famous [[dentist]], living in [[Mumbai]] who often troubles his wife Janaki and twin sons Manu and Vinu.

The prologue show them preparing to travel back to Harihar Nagar to attend Thomas Kutty's wedding. After many years of "enjoying" his bachelor life, Thomas Kutty has decided to settle down and marry an orphan Jaseentha who belonged to the same church as him. The prologue also highlights that none of them have really changed from their flirtatious ways, despite being married. After arriving at Harihar Nagar, they settle into Govindan Kutty's old house. Disappointed at how life has become sombre after growing up and being focused with their family, Mahadevan suggests that they should revert to their younger selves and live their old life how they lived in Harihar Nagar. To jump start their "trip back to youthfulness", they creates a problem in a hotel and escapes.

While staying at Govindan Kutty's house, they are greeted with flowers left at the doorstep with a tag reading "Maya". Immediately thinking that this is their old Maya, they go to meet her in a café. They barely miss her, but Appukuttan throws a rock and breaks her car's rear window. An anonymous woman steps out of the car, who is revealed to be another Maya, which gets them arrested. Later, Maya comes and gets them out of bail saying that they are her friends and didn't recognise it because she hadn't seen them in a long time. Once out, she says not to bother her any more because of this. Maya lives right across from Govindan Kutty's house. Trying to find the weakness that will draw her attention, that night Appukuttan looks to the window and is frightened by the sight of a ghostly figure with a "burned" face. Thomas Kutty is not staying with the other three on that night as he went to invite few peoples for his wedding, but he arrives the next morning. Mahadevan says a sentimental story to make Maya believe that they're not here for wrong reasons. She later comes and visits them and becomes their friend.

It is revealed that Maya is John Honai's daughter Cristina, in cahoots with her evil brother Freddy. Thomas Kutty gets kidnapped days before his wedding and his three friends are suspected. They are followed by the police. Meanwhile, Freddy has Thomas Kutty. The trio gets kidnapped by Freddy's henchmen and they find Thomas Kutty in the place. Freddy demands the box filled with money which their old Maya had given them. Mahadevan tells Freddy that they will give the box when the original owner comes in front of them. Freddy takes them to a room where a face covered man with his [[wheelchair]] by halfly burned face is sitting. Appukkuttan remembers the face that he had seen earlier at Maya's house. Freddy reveals it is the person the foursome knows as Honai. The box is now in a bank with each of the foursome knowing two digits of the password. The four friends escape, but Appukuttan is captured. Maya is found and chided, but she tells her story full of dire circumstances. Mahadevan, Govindan Kutty and Thomas Kutty decides to retrieve the box from the bank and give it to Freddy to save Appukuttan, but the correct code for the box sounds faulty.

After a lot of twists and turns they confront Freddy who has a time bomb attached to his pet Lousie, a clinging lizard on Appukuttan. During the fight between the 4 friends, Freddy and his henchmen, the bomb comically gets caught over each person, except Mahadevan. Finally, The time bomb gets caught on Thomas Kutty while Freddy presses the ignition to burst in 30 seconds. Thomas Kutty runs to Freddy in the last few seconds and pushes Freddy into the next room. The bomb explodes killing them both, leaving the 3 friends shattered. But later, a twist occurs showing that Thomas Kutty is alive and was betraying them. The three friends realises this and they beats him up in and leaves him at the same church where they started their friendship. Thomas Kutty realises his mistake and confess that everything was a plan he made to get the money to pay a debt he had while gambling. He apologises for everything he did and they all reconcile at his wedding and becomes best friends again.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as V.S. Mahadevan
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Govindan Kutty
** [[Harimurali]] as Young Govindan Kutty
* [[Jagadish]] as Dr. Appukuttan Nair (K Haridas)
* [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]] as Thomas Philip (Thomas Kutty)
* [[Vineeth]] as Shyam Sundar (guest appearance)
* [[Lakshmi Rai]] as Serina, (fake names) Maya, Christina Honai
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Sulochana, Mahadevan's wife
* [[Lena (actress)|Lena]] as Parvathi, Govindan Kutty's wife
* [[Reena Basheer]] as Janaki, Appukuttan's wife
* Rakhi Raveendran as Jaseentha (Jessy), Thomas Kutty's fiancée turned wife
* [[Sudipto Balav]] as Freddy Honai (voice over by [[Anoop Chandran]])
* [[Appa Haja]] as [[Sub Inspector of Police#Kerala|SI]] Cherian
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Fr. Stephen Varghese
* [[Kochu Preman]] as Chandy, Thomaskutty's uncle
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Ayyappan
* [[Narayanankutty]] as Rajappan
* [[Chali Pala]] as Hotel Manager Vishwanathan Kurup
* [[Pradeep Kottayam]] as Hotel Bearer
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Advocate Surendran
* [[Kalabhavan Rahman]] as [[Police Constable#Kerala|Constable]] Rajan
* Cherthala Lalitha as Mother Superior
* Revathy Sivakumar as Meenakshi, Mahadevan's daughter
* [[Rizabawa]] as [[In Harihar Nagar|John Honai]] (Photo and Archieve footage)
* Thrissur Elsy as Mahadevan's mother (guest appearance)
* [[Atlas Ramachandran]] as himself (guest appearance)
* [[N. L. Balakrishnan]] as Air Passenger (guest appearance)
* [[Geetha Vijayan]] as Maya (Special appearance)
* [[Rekha]] as Sister Josephine/Annie Philip (Special appearance)
* [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] as Andrew's mother (special appearance)
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
The film's soundtrack contains 3 songs, all composed by [[Alex Paul]] and the lyrics were by [[Bichu Thirumala]]. The two songs ''Unnam Marannu'' and ''Ekantha Chandrika'' were remixed and used from ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]'', the prequel of this film.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Unnam Marannu"
| [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Ramesh Babu]]
|-
| 2
| "Ekantha Chandrika"
| [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Afsal]], Biju, Anitha
|-
| 3
| "Adavukal Pathinettum"
| [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Afsal]], Anitha, Cochin Ibrahim, [[Rimi Tomy]], Sangeetha Prabhu, [[Vidhu Prathap]]
|}

==Sequel==
''[[In Ghost House Inn]]'' was released in 2010.
===Box office===
The film was released in 130 screens all over Kerala and had a successful opening, owing to the cult following of its prequel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/fullstory.php?id=14878562|title=2 Harihar Nagar is a super hit!|work=[[Sify]]|date=3 April 2009|accessdate=3 April 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406023759/http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/fullstory.php?id=14878562|archivedate=6 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was highly successful which ran over 100 days in theatres,<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kbo-summer-box-office-may-1-to-june-11-news-malayalam-kkfrNtabghesi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105112355/http://www.sify.com/movies/kbo-summer-box-office-may-1-to-june-11-news-malayalam-kkfrNtabghesi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2017|title=KBO- Summer Box- Office (May 1 to June 11)|work=[[Sify]]|date=24 June 2009}}</ref> and was one of the highest grossing Malayalam film of the year. The satellite rights of the film was sold for an amount of {{INR}}13 crore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2009/to-harihar-nagar-release-010409.html|title=Comedy riot To Harihar Nagar releases|work=[[Oneindia]]|date=1 April 2009|access-date=1 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428072334/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2009/to-harihar-nagar-release-010409.html|archive-date=28 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The film was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moviebuzz|title=2009 – A Flashback!|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/2009-a-flashback-news-malayalam-kkfrf1bghdasi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022224005/http://www.sify.com/movies/2009-a-flashback-news-malayalam-kkfrf1bghdasi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2016|website=[[Sify]]|date=2 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-half-yearly-report-on-best-films-of-malayalam/20100622.htm|title=Half-yearly Malayalam BO: Pokkiri Raja rules|work=[[Rediff.com]]|location=India|date=22 June 2010}}</ref> The film grossed {{INR}}18 crore in 3 days in Kerala box office. It grossed over ₹20 crore at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moviebuzz|title=All roads lead 2 Harihar Nagar!|url=http://m.sify.com/movies/all-roads-lead-2-harihar-nagar-news-malayalam-kkfsgBjcfhjsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321204355/http://m.sify.com/movies/all-roads-lead-2-harihar-nagar-news-malayalam-kkfsgBjcfhjsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 March 2018|website=[[Sify]]|date=20 April 2009}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
The film mostly opened to high positive reviews from the critics.

[[Sify]] wrote "''2 Harihar Nagar'' is just what intelligent filmmaking is all about and, no wonder, this delightful comedy is a winner from the word go".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/review.php?id=14877708&ctid=5&cid=2428|title=2 Harihar Nagar : Simply Rocking|work=[[Sify]]|date=1 April 2009|accessdate=1 April 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405062727/http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/review.php?id=14877708&ctid=5&cid=2428|archivedate=5 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rediff]] wrote: "The main reason ''2 Harihar Nagar'' works is because the performance of the foursome that Lal is able to extract, giving us a sense of deja vu" and gave it 3 stars out of 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/apr/02/enjoy-2-harihar-nagar.htm|title=Enjoy 2 Harihar Nagar!|work=[[Rediff]]|date=1 April 2009|accessdate=29 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405065355/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/apr/02/enjoy-2-harihar-nagar.htm|archivedate=5 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Indiaglitz wrote: "''To Harihar Nagar'' definitely offers rib tickling comedy and delightful watch from the word goes, with apt mixing up of inexhaustible laughter and few moods of seriousness at intervals".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/10839.html|title=To Harihar Nagar – It's a fun train 'To Harihar Nagar'|work=Indiaglitz|date=3 April 2009|accessdate=21 April 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405185915/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/10839.html|archivedate=5 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1332676}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090516022919/http://connect.in.com/profile/2_Harihar_Nagar/1997 ''2 Harihar Nagar'']

{{Lal Films}}

[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Lal (actor)]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Malayalam films in series|In2]]

Pallithanam Luca Matthai

2026-03-23T16:43:40Z

Tanjerul Islam: stub

{{more citations needed|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
'''Pallithanam Luca Matthai''' (also known as '''Pallithanathu Mathaichan''') was born in 1880 in [[Kainady]] village, [[Kuttanad]], [[British India]].

His father, Mathai Luca Pallithanam, was among the pioneers of kayal cultivation (reclamation of cultivable land from the [[Vembanad Lake]]) in Kuttandu.<ref>{{cite news
|author = G S Unnikrishanan Nair
|title = Kuttanad; Our Heritage Our wealth
|newspaper = KERALA CALLING
|date = Sep 2013
|pages = 16–20
|url = http://www.kerala.gov.in/docs/publication/2013/kc/september_13/16.pdf
|accessdate = 26 Sep 2013
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927092458/http://www.kerala.gov.in/docs/publication/2013/kc/september_13/16.pdf
|archivedate = 27 September 2013
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> The family estate passed to 18-year-old Luca Matthai on the death of his father.

Matthai spearheaded the reclamation activities of more than one-third of the total Kayal Nilam's (Kayal Nilam refers to the cultivable land reclaimed from the Vemaband Lake). His first venture of kayal cultivation was the reclamation of Cherukara Kayal.

During 1898–1904, he reclaimed the [[Pallithanam Moovayiram Kayal]] and [[Madathil Kayal]] but could not progress further because of a ban on reclamation imposed by the Travancore Raja in 1904. That ban was removed in 1914, after which Matthai and some other prominent families in Kuttanadu, reclaimed E-Block Kayal, which covered {{convert|2400|acres|ha}}. This is the biggest kayal nilam in Kuttanadu. H Block Kayal (1917) and R Block Kayal (1921) were his other major reclamations.

Matthai served as member of the [[Moolam Thirunal of Travancore]]'s [[Praja Sabha]] (Popular Assembly) and is considered to be a pioneer of the cooperative agricultural movement in Kuttanadu. His life marked the beginning of the epoch of first generation Kayal Raja's of Kuttanad.(Kayal Raja is the term generally used to refer to the prominent kayal cultivators in the Kuttanadu region).<ref>{{cite news
| author =GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
| title = KLA PROCEEDINGS
| quote =
| website = GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
| date = n.d.
| pages =NA
| url =http://klaproceedings.niyamasabha.org/index.php?pg=advanced_search_combo
| accessdate =26 Sep 2013
}}</ref>

In 1931, in order to strengthen the farming community in Kuttanadu, he founded [[Kuttandu Karshaka Sangham|Kuttanadu Karshaka Sangham]]. He spearheaded the debt relief struggle that resulted in the enactment of the Agricultural Debt Relief Act.

Our Lady of Dolours Church in Kainady village stands on land donated by him. Using his influence as a member of the Praja Sabha, he established a primary school in Kainady in 1921 and in the initial years he acted as the manager of it. This school was later named as A J John Memorial High School.
Matthai was among the founders of the All-Kerala Catholic Congress.

He died on Christmas Day, 1962.

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luca Matthai, Pallithanam}}
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Sree Moolam Popular Assembly]]
[[Category:People from British India]]

Najma Heptulla

2026-03-22T22:34:42Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Najma Heptulla
| image = Najma A. Heptulla presenting the Badalte Qadam Award to the Cinematographer, Doordarshan, Ms. Jayshree Puri, at the Best Achievers Award Ceremony, organised by the Child Care & Welfare Foundation, in New Delhi (cropped).jpg
| office = 16th [[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]]
| term_start = 24 July 2019
| term_end = 10 August 2021
| predecessor = [[Padmanabha Acharya]] ''(Addl. Charge)''
| successor = [[Ganga Prasad]] ''(Addl. Charge)''
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| term_start1 = 26 June 2018
| term_end1 = 26 June 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Jagdish Mukhi]] ''(Addl. Charge)''
| successor1 = [[Padmanabha Acharya]] ''(Addl. Charge)''
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| term_start2 = 21 August 2016
| term_end2 = 31 May 2018
| predecessor2 = [[V. Shanmuganathan]]
| successor2 = [[Jagdish Mukhi]] ''(Addl. Charge)''
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Okram Ibobi Singh]] [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| office3 = 11th [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]
| 1blankname3 = Vice Chancellor
| 1namedata3 = [[Talat Ahmad]] Najma Akhtar
| predecessor3 = [[Mohammad Ahmed Zaki]]
| successor3 = [[Mufaddal Saifuddin]]
| term_start3 = 26 May 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/|title=Latest News: Latest Latest News – Latest Live News Online – News18|website=News18|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/india/najma-heptulla-appointed-as-new-jamia-millia-islamia-chancellor/1076638|title=Najma Heptulla appointed as new Jamia Millia Islamia Chancellor – Free Press Journal|date=29 May 2017|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>
| term_end3 = 13 March 2023
| office4 = [[Ministry of Minority Affairs (India)|Minister of Minority Affairs]]
| primeminister4 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start4 = 26 May 2014
| term_end4 = 12 July 2016
| predecessor4 = [[K. Rahman Khan]]
| successor4 = [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]]
| office5 = 7th [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]
| term6 = 25 January 1985 – 20 January 1986
| predecessor6 = [[Shyamlal Yadav]]
| successor6 = [[M. M. Jacob]]
| term5 = 11 November 1988 – 10 June 2004
| predecessor5 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| successor5 = [[K. Rahman Khan]]
| 1namedata6 = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] (1986–1987) Mohammed Hidtmaullh | 1blankname5 = [[Vice President of India|Chairman]]
| 1blankname6 = [[Vice President of India|Chairman]]
| 1namedata5 = K R Narayan, Krishnan Kant, Bhairon Sheakhawat
| office7 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term7 = 3 April 2012 – 20 August 2016
| constituency7 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| term8 = 2004–2010
| constituency8 = [[Rajasthan]]
| term9 = 1980–2004
| constituency9 = [[Maharashtra]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1940|04|13}}
| birth_place = [[Bhopal]], [[Bhopal State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(since 2004)}}
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(1960s–2004)}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Akbar Ali Akhtar Heptulla|1966|2007|end=d.}}
| children = 3
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Vikram University]]
| president =
| caption = Heptulla in 2016
}}
'''Najma Akbar Ali Heptulla''' (born 13 April 1940) is an Indian politician. She was the [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] from 2017 to 2023, until [[Mufaddal Saifuddin|Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin]] was elected as new [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] on 14 March 2023. She was a six time member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the Indian parliament, between 1980 and 2016, and [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]] for sixteen years when she was a member of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Later she was nominated vice-president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in 2007, and was a minister from 2014-2016 as a member of BJP in Narendra Modi's first government. From 2016 to 2021, she served as the 16th Governor of [[Manipur]].

She is a second cousin to actor [[Aamir Khan]] and grand niece of [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720072406/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-29/did-you-know-/27903834_1_zakir-hussain-film-producer-tahir-hussain | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-07-20 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=The Times of India: Latest News India, World & Business News, Cricket & Sports, Bollywood}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Aamir-Khan-gifted-Maulana-Azads-speech-to-sister/articleshow/15387177.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503052630/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-07/news-interviews/33082475_1_aamir-khan-azad-rao-khan-satyamev-jayate | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-05-03 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Aamir Khan gifted Maulana Azad's speech to sister}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Aamir-Khan-the-family-guy/Article1-909640.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811051044/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Aamir-Khan-the-family-guy/Article1-909640.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2012|title=Aamir Khan, the family guy – Hindustan Times|access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> She contested the 13th vice-presidential election held in August 2007 but lost to [[Hamid Ansari]] by 233 votes. She took oath as a [[cabinet minister]] in the [[Narendra Modi]] headed government on 26 May 2014 and was replaced by [[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]] in July 2016.

== Early life and background ==
Najma was born as Sayyida Najma bint Yusuf on 13 April 1940 in [[Bhopal]], [[Bhopal State]], in present [[Madhya Pradesh]] to [[Sayyid]] Yusuf bin Ali Al Hashmi and Sayyida Fatima bint Mahmood.<ref name=bs0716 /> She is a [[Dawoodi Bohra]] Ismaili Shia [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] with [[Arabs|Arab]] ancestry, as traced by her ancestral roots in the [[Arabian Peninsula]] as well as [[Gujarat]] state.<ref name=bs0716 /> She did her schooling at Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya (MVM) Bhopal, and obtained an [[Master of Science|M.Sc.]] and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] degree, both in [[Zoology]] (Cardiac Anatomy) from [[Vikram University]], [[Ujjain]].<ref name=bs0716>{{citation |title=Why Najma Heptulla, G M Siddeswara were forced to quit Modi Cabinet |url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/politics/why-najma-heptulla-g-m-siddeswara-were-forced-to-quit-modi-cabinet-116071201174_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=13 July 2016 |last1=Mohan |first1=Archis }}</ref><ref name=gov /><ref>{{cite news | title = Najma Heptulla's journey from Cong to BJP cabinet: all you need to know | work=Firstpost | url= http://www.firstpost.com/politics/najma-heptullas-journey-from-cong-to-bjp-cabinet-all-you-need-to-know-1542765.html |date=26 May 2014 }}</ref>

She married Akbar Ali Akhtar Heptulla in 1966, and has three daughters.<ref name=gov>{{cite web | title = Detailed Profile – Dr. Najma A. Heptulla – Members of Parliament (Rajya Sabha)|publisher=National Portal of India| url = http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=23| access-date = 27 May 2014}}</ref> Her husband, Akbar Ali Akhtar Heptulla, a manpower consultant, was instrumental in the establishment of the ''Patriot'' newspaper in the 1960s. He died on 4 September 2007, in New Delhi at the age of 75.<ref>{{cite news |title=Najma Heptulla bereaved | url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/05/stories/2007090564131300.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005200/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/05/stories/2007090564131300.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 28 May 2014 |date= 5 September 2007 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref>

== Career ==
She steadily climbed up in the [[Indian National Congress]] party, heading several divisions of the party's grassroots organisations. She was the General Secretary of Congress during 1986 with the additional responsibility of youth activities of the [[All India Congress Committee]] and the [[NSUI]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/NDA_puts_up_Najma_Heptullah_for_VP_poll_/articleshow/2225030.cms|title=NDA puts up Najma Heptullah for VP poll|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> Since 1980, she was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Maharashtra]] for four terms, elected in 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998 as Congress candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/alphabeticallist_all_terms.aspx |title=Alphabetical List of All Members of Rajya Sabha Since 1952 |publisher=164.100.47.5 |access-date=30 October 2012}}</ref> Najma was the Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha from January 1985 to January 1986 and from 1988 to July 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp|title=Former Deputy Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] Official website}}</ref>

Heptulla joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2004.<ref name=bs0716 /><ref>{{citation |title=NDA puts up Najma Heptullah for VP poll |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/NDA_puts_up_Najma_Heptullah_for_VP_poll_/articleshow/2225030.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 June 2007}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/12/stories/2004061206161100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628083401/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/12/stories/2004061206161100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2004 |title=National : Najma Heptulla joins BJP |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=12 June 2004 |location=[[Chennai]] }}</ref> Media sources reported that she left the Congress apparently due to a strain in relationship with Congress president Sonia Gandhi.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070723/main2.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724040415/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070723/main2.htm|date=24 July 2008}}</ref> Later she alleged that she was personally humiliated by Sonia Gandhi.<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web|url=http://in.rediff.com/election/2004/feb/23najma.htm |title=Sonia humiliated me: Heptullah - Lok Sabha Election news 2009 - Rediff.com |publisher=In.rediff.com |date=23 February 2004 |access-date=30 October 2012}}</ref> She declared that she was leaving the party due to the problems with party leadership.<ref name="Rediff" /> In 2007, BJP-led NDA fielded her as a candidate in the elections for the Vice-President of India, which was won by [[Hamid Ansari]].<ref>{{cite news |title=NDA puts up Najma Heptullah for vice-presidential poll |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200707222001.htm |date=22 July 2007 |access-date=27 May 2014 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024113659/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200707222001.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

She was a member of Rajya Sabha, representing [[Rajasthan]] for BJP from July 2004 to July 2010. She was nominated by the BJP for the Rajya Sabha in 2012 from [[Madhya Pradesh]], and assumed her office on 24 April 2012 upon election.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3350098.ece | title=New stars in Rajya Sabha, spotlight on Mayawati | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=25 April 2012 | location=New Delhi | date=25 April 2012 | first=Gargi | last=Parsai}}</ref> Under [[Nitin Gadkari]] as BJP President, she became one of the 13 vice-presidents of the BJP in 2010, where later when [[Rajnath Singh]] took over, she was made a member of the party's national executive.<ref name=exp /> Heptulla served as the [[Minister of Minority Affairs]] in Prime minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s cabinet from 26 May 2014<ref name=exp>{{cite news | title = Najma, The Lone Muslim Face in Modi Cabinet|newspaper= The New Indian Express | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Najma-The-Lone-Muslim-Face-in-Modi-Cabinet/2014/05/26/article2246876.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141222001041/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Najma-The-Lone-Muslim-Face-in-Modi-Cabinet/2014/05/26/article2246876.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 22 December 2014| date=26 May 2014|access-date = 27 May 2014}}</ref> to 12 July 2016.<ref>{{citation |title=Najma Heptulla, G M Siddeshwara resign from Modi Cabinet |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/najma-heptulla-g-m-siddeshwara-resign-naqvi-becomes-minority-affairs-minister/1/713432.html |work=[[India Today]] |date=12 July 2016}}</ref> She said that minorities needed a level playing field in Indian society, but reservation is not the solution as it kills the spirit of competition.<ref name=exp2>{{cite news |title=Najma rules out reservation for Muslims, says it's not the answer|newspaper= Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/najma-rules-out-reservation-for-muslims-says-it-s-not-the-answer/article1-1223529.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527224930/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/najma-rules-out-reservation-for-muslims-says-it-s-not-the-answer/article1-1223529.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2014| date=28 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref>

She resigned from her positions as a minister and a member of Rajya Sabha in 2016 when she was nominated Governor of Manipur.

Heptulla was nominated to head the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]], ICCR. She also presided over the women parliamentarians' group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1993 and became founder president of the parliamentarians' forum for human development the same year. She was also elected President of [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] (IPU), a [[Geneva]]-based international organisation at Council's 165th session in [[Berlin]] in 1999. She held the post from 16 October 1999 to 27 September 2002. Subsequently, in 2002, at Council's 171st session, she was chosen the Honorary President of the IPU Council. Heptulla was nominated by the United Nations Development Programme as its human development ambassador. Heptulla led a delegation to the UN Commission on Status of Women in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | title = President Najma Heptulla | url = http://www.ipu.org/strct-e/heptulla.htm | access-date = 27 May 2014 }}</ref>

Heptulla has authored book on AIDS titled "AIDS: Approaches to Prevention". She has also written on human social security, sustainable development, environment, reforms for women and on ties between India and west Asia.

Heptulla faced charges of having morphed a 1958 photograph to show her along with [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]] in a publication of the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations|Indian Council of Cultural Relations]] (ICCR). The controversial photograph was published in an ICCR publication titled 'Journey of a legend', on the life of Maulana Azad, a noted scholar and the country's first education minister. He was also the first chairperson of the ICCR and the publication came out when the council was headed by Heptulla. The photograph came with an introduction and showed a young Heptulla with the Maulana. The caption read "Najma Heptulla with Maulana Azad after her graduation". This gave the game away as official inquiries later revealed Heptulla had graduated in May 1958, whereas the Maulana had died on 22 February 1958. The publication was later withdrawn by the ICCR and its revised version is released but without the controversial photograph. Delhi High court had directed the CBI to investigate the case on a public interest litigation filed by ICCR Employees Association president.<ref name=fakephoto1>{{cite news | title = CBI may book Najma in fake photo case |newspaper=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cbi-may-book-najma-in-fake-photo-case/article1-240210.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904005839/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cbi-may-book-najma-in-fake-photo-case/article1-240210.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2014| date=3 August 2007 |access-date=3 August 2007}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
===State honours===
*{{flag|Morocco}}:
**[[File:Ordre de l'Ouissam Alaouite GC ribbon (Maroc).svg|70px]] [[Order of Ouissam Alaouite]], ''Grand Cordon'' (February 2001)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rama Devi |first1=V. S. |last2=Gujar |first2=B. G. |editor-last1=Sheriff |editor-first1=Shumsher K. |chapter=16. Obituary and Other References |title=Rajya Sabha At Work |url=https://sansad.in/rs/about/procedures |edition=3rd |publication-place=New Delhi |publisher=Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha |publication-date=2017|page=481|access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

*{{flag|Russia}}:
**[[File:Orden of Friendship.png|70px]] Recipient of the [[Order of Friendship]] (2019)

===Awards===
*Recipient of the [[Outstanding Parliamentarian Award]] for the year 2013
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=23 Detailed Profile]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Shyam Lal Yadav]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]|years=1985–1986}}
{{s-aft|after=[[M.M. Jacob]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pratibha Patil]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]|years=1988–2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[K. Rahman Khan]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[K. Rahman Khan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs|Minister of Minority Affairs]]|years=2014–2016}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi]] Minister of State with Independent Charge}}
{{s-bef|before=[[V. Shanmuganathan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Manipur|Governor of Manipur]]|years=21 August 2016 – 2021}}
{{s-aft|after=La Ganeshan}}
{{s-end}}

{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heptulla, Najma}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian vice-presidential candidates]]
[[Category:Deputy chairmen of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Vikram University alumni]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Dawoodi Bohra people]]
[[Category:Indian Ismailis]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Bhopal]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Women in Madhya Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]
[[Category:Ministers of minority affairs]]
[[Category:Women members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Governors of Manipur]]
[[Category:Women state governors of India]]

Anuttama Banerjee

2026-03-21T14:26:03Z

Tanjerul Islam: Creating New Pg

{{Short description|Indian Psychologist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anuttama Banerjee
| occupation = [[Psychologist]], [[Poet]], [[Author]]
}}
'''Anuttama Banerjee''' (Bengali: অনুত্তমা ব্যানার্জি) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] psychologist, poet, author, and public health advocate. A Bengali from [[West Bengal]], she completed her PhD in [[Clinical Psychology]] from [[Calcutta University]]. She completed further training in [[psychoanalysis]] from the Indian Psychoanalytic Society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stress on moderation in students' use of gadgets |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/stress-on-moderation-in-students-use-of-gadgets/cid/1899727 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Dr Anuttama Banerjee shares tips to keep kids hapy during lockdown |url=https://banglalive.com/anutama-banerjee-tips-to-avoid-depression-in-kids-during-coronavirus-lockdown/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Specializing in the areas of Relationship, Intimacy and Sexuality, Banerjee has long been a prominent voice in promoting mental health in Bengali media. To this end, she contributes frequently to print media and electronic media, and she also runs an active social media presence across YouTube, Facebook, Twitter etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How schools can help a child with dyslexia cope |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/how-schools-can-help-a-child-with-dyslexia-cope/cid/1903559 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=আত্মহননকারী নারীদের ১০ জনের চারজনই ভারতের |language=bn |work=BBC News বাংলা |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-45521907 |access-date=2023-06-21}}</ref>

==Childhood and personal life==
Anuttama Banerjee is a prominent personality hailing from North Kolkata, known for her rich cultural lineage. Her mother gained fame as a renowned singer and lecturer. Following her schooling, Anuttama Banerjee pursued her academic journey in Psychology from Calcutta University. Renowned for her melodious voice, Anuttama Banerjee has also garnered acclaim for her vocal performances.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}

== Works ==
Anuttama is also a published poet.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://baatighar.com/author/anuttama-bandyopadhyay-anub-42251 | title=অনুত্তমা বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় | Baatighar }}</ref> Among her books are:

* ''Margin theke bichyuto'' (মার্জিন থেকে বিচ্যুত)
* ''Utshaho nei ongikarey'' (উৎসাহ নেই অঙ্গীকারে)
* ''Aguner brotochari'' (আগুনের ব্রতচারী)
* ''Kobitar moto hoyni'' (কবিতার মতো হয়নি)
* ‘Saptapatalbhedi (সপ্তপাতালভেদী)
* ''Onushongo'' (অনু-সঙ্গ)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banerjee, Anuttama}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali women poets]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Women writers from West Bengal]]

Keiran Lee

2026-03-18T18:53:54Z

Tanjerul Islam: Revised and enhanced article content

{{short description|British pornographic actor, director and producer (born 1984)}}
{{distinguish|Kieran Lee}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Keiran Lee
| image = Keiran Lee 2016.jpg
| caption = Lee in January 2016
| birth_name = Adam Diksa
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|1|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Derby]], England
| alias = Princess<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/relationships/marriage/this-porn-star-says-he-finds-it-difficult-to-have-sex-with-his-wife/news-story/cc4c6c7cfd8afdd488c85f651751246a|title=This porn star says he finds it difficult to have sex with his wife|website=news.com.au|date=2 February 2017}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|director|producer}}
| years active = 2002–present
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Puma Swede]] |2009||end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Kirsten Price (actress)|Kirsten Price]] |2013}}
}}
| children = 3
}}

'''Adam Diksa''' (born 15 January 1984), better known by his [[stage name]] '''Keiran Lee''', is an English [[pornographic actor]], director, and producer who works mainly for [[Brazzers]]. He is one of the highest-paid pornographic actors.<ref name=worth>{{cite web|url=https://www.redbled.com/top-10-richest-male-pornstars-2017/|title=Top 10 List of Rich and Wealthy Male Pornstars|access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.makemoneyadultcontent.com/richest-male-pornstars/|title=Top 20 Hottest Richest Male Porn Stars (2018)|date=14 November 2018|access-date=14 November 2018}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/porn-star-keiran-lee-personal-life/amp/|title=Keiran Lee Makes ₹2.5 Lakhs A Day During A Porn Shoot|access-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425132332/https://www.gqindia.com/content/porn-star-keiran-lee-personal-life/amp/|archive-date=25 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has received several awards, including an [[AVN Award]] for Favourite Male Performer<ref name=winner/> and a [[UK Adult Film and Television Award]] for Best Male Actor.<ref name=UKAFTA/>

== Early life ==
Lee was born Adam Diksa<ref name="DerbyTelegraph" /> in the [[Littleover]] area of [[Derby]]<ref name="DerbyTelegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/derby-porn-star-keiran-lee/story-29237915-detail/story.html|newspaper=[[Derby Telegraph]]|title=Keiran Lee: he's Britain's top porn star but gets his kicks out of Derby County|author=Gallone, Jill|access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=Keiran>{{cite interview|subject=Keiran Lee|interviewer=Christiana|title=Interview with Keiran Lee|url=http://aipdaily.com/2008/interview-with-keiran-lee/|work=AIPdaily|access-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219071920/http://www.aipdaily.com/interview-with-keiran-lee|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="Vice2">{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/we-watched-xhamsters-new-porn-show-sex-factor-so-you-dont-have-to/|title=We Watched That New Porn Reality Show 'Sex Factor' So You Don't Have To|author=Hopkins, Janice|date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Vice News|access-date= 7 May 2017}}</ref> on 15 January 1984,<ref name="iafd">{{cite web|title=Keiran Lee|publisher=[[Internet Adult Film Database]]|url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=KeiranLee/gender=m/Keiran-Lee.htm|access-date=12 October 2008}}</ref> the son of an English mother and Indian father.<ref>{{cite web |title=Keiran Lee on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/keiranlee/status/182692743523467264 |website=[[Twitter]] |publisher=Keiran Lee |access-date=21 September 2018}}</ref> He attended [[Saint Benedict Catholic Voluntary Academy]] in the [[Darley Abbey]] area of Derby.<ref name="DerbyTelegraph" /> By the age of 18, he was working as a [[project management|project manager]] for [[Network Rail]].<ref name="DerbyTelegraph" /><ref name="Vice" />

== Career ==
Lee's career in porn began after his friends uploaded a naked picture of him to a [[Swinging (sexual practice)|swinging]] website.<ref name="Vice">{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-porn-story-my-weekend-behind-the-scenes-at-the-avn-awards-part-one/|title=A Porn Story: My Weekend Behind the Scenes at the AVN Awards (Part One)|author=Way, Mish|date=11 February 2013 |publisher=[[Vice News]]|access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> After seeing the post, a couple offered him a role in a porn film.<ref name="Vice" /> He first performed in adult video in 2002 at the age of 18.<ref name=Keiran /> He began freelancing in porn in England and then moved to the United States, where he signed an exclusive contract with [[Brazzers]] in 2005.<ref name="Vice" />

Lee performed in his first Brazzers video in 2008. In August 2011, Brazzers placed a billboard advertisement with a photo of Lee in a tank top and sunglasses on [[Sunset Strip|Sunset Boulevard]].<ref name=xbiz>{{cite web|title=Keiran Lee Lands Brazzers Billboard on Sunset Strip|publisher=[[XBIZ]]|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/137579|author=Miller, Dan|date=16 August 2011 |access-date=28 November 2012}}</ref> Dan Miller from [[XBIZ]] referred to it as "a landmark promotion for a male porn star".<ref name=xbiz /> In 2012, it was reported that Brazzers had taken out an insurance policy with [[Lloyd's of London]] to insure Lee's penis for a reported $1 million.<ref name="IBT">{{cite web|date=24 January 2012 |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/britishrn-star-insures-penis-1m-286849|title=British Porn Star Keiran Lee Insures Penis For $1m|work=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="DS">{{cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/fun/news/a361932/british-porn-star-insures-penis-for-1-million/|title=British porn star insures penis for $1 million|author=Eames, Tom|website=[[Digital Spy]]|date=25 January 2012 |access-date=11 May 2017}}</ref> In October 2013, he made his feature film directorial debut with ''Hot Chicks Meet Big Fangs'' for [[Digital Playground]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/170568|title=Keiran Lee Makes Feature Directing Debut|access-date=20 October 2013|author=Miller, Dan|publisher=XBIZ}}</ref>

In 2016, Lee appeared as a mentor and judge on ''[[The Sex Factor]]'', an online reality series featuring 16 men and women competing for $1 million and a three-year porn contract.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/inside-reality-show-aspiring-porn-stars-compete-stardom/story?id=28752666|title=Inside the Reality Show Where Aspiring Porn Stars Compete for Stardom|author=Yu, Katie|publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="Complex">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.complex.com/life/2016/05/adult-site-launches-reality-show-the-sex-factor|title=Porn Site Launches NSFW Reality Show 'The Sex Factor'|author=Defillo, Ana|magazine=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref> Lee, along with fellow porn stars Lexi Belle, [[Remy LaCroix]], and [[Tori Black]], would offer advice and judge the contestants throughout the competition.<ref name="Complex" /><ref name="RS">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/videos/duke-porn-star-belle-knox-explains-new-reality-show-the-sex-factor-20140529|title=Duke Porn Star Belle Knox Explains New Reality Show 'The Sex Factor'|author=Grow, Kory|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref> The series was critically panned, with reviewers saying Lee had "confused the deadpan tell-it-like-it-is judging technique of real TV with just straight up being a dickhead"<ref name="Vice2" /> while calling the judges in general "stilted"<ref name="TheVerge">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/19/11712810/the-sex-factor-xhamster-porn-reality-show-competition|title=The Sex Factor is a porn reality show straight out of the early 2000s|author=Alptraum, Lux|website=[[The Verge]]|date=19 May 2016 |access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref> and "hard to watch".<ref name="Thrillist">{{cite web|url=https://www.thrillist.com/sex-dating/nation/the-sex-factor-porn-reality-show-review|title=Porn Reality Show 'The Sex Factor' Is A B-Grade Masterpiece|publisher=[[Thrillist]]|author=Glass, Jeremy|date=27 May 2016 |access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref>

As of May 2020, Lee has appeared in 1,553 videos for Brazzers, more than any other performer.<ref name="Brazzers">{{cite web|title=Pornstars: Keiran Lee|url=https://www.brazzers.com/profile/view/id/727/keiran-lee/bydate/133/|publisher=[[Brazzers]]|access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref> He was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AVN |first=AVN Staff |title=2022 AVN Award Winners Announced AVN |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2022-avn-award-winners-announced-905527.html |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=AVN}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Keiran Lee Puma Swede 2011 AVN.jpg|thumb|upright|Lee with then-wife [[Puma Swede]] in 2011]]
Lee married Swedish pornographic actress [[Puma Swede]] in 2009,<ref name="Puma Swede IMDb">{{cite web|title=Keiran Lee & Puma Swede Relationship|website=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1800181/|access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref> and they divorced at an unknown date.<ref name=Keiran /> He married American pornographic actress [[Kirsten Price (actress)|Kirsten Price]] in 2013.<ref name=Keiran-Kirsten>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/kirsten_price/status/612043525174104064?lang=en|title=Kirsten Price celebrates their second marriage anniversary|access-date=19 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="playboy">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.playboy.com/playground/view/10-secrets-from-a-male-pornstar|title=10 Things A Male Pornstar Will Never Tell You|access-date=6 October 2014|author=Stewart, Jonathan|date=30 April 2014|magazine=[[Playboy]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006124424/http://www.playboy.com/playground/view/10-secrets-from-a-male-pornstar|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redbled.com/married-pornstars/|title=Top 10+ Married, Divorced Pornstar Couples (2018)|author=Sam Kingwin|access-date=29 August 2018|publisher=REDBLED}}</ref><ref name="EliteDaily">{{cite web|url=http://elitedaily.com/life/keiran-lee-porn-star-million-dollar-penis/1559721/|website=[[Elite Daily]]|title=The Porn Star With The Million Dollar Penis Tells Us About, Well, His Penis|author=Box, Bobby|date=22 July 2016 |access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref> They have three children.<ref>{{Citation |title=KEIRAN LEE - Dirty Money {{!}} After Porn Ends 3 (2019) Documentary | date=10 November 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUbddnN3klI |access-date=2023-04-05 |language=en}}</ref>

Lee is a supporter of his hometown football team [[Derby County F.C.|Derby County FC]] and has said that he "schedules his whole life around" it.<ref name="DerbyTelegraph" /> In 2011, while playing soccer for [[Hollywood United F.C.|Hollywood United FC]], he had to be hospitalised after breaking his jaw in two places.<ref name="DerbyTelegraph" /><ref>{{cite tweet |user=@KeiranLee |number=114754897592844288 |author=Lee, Keiran |date=16 September 2011 |title=In hospital....broke my jaw in 2 places....surgery this morning...have to say @Kirsten_Price is my rock...thank you also @BRANDO_ZZ coming |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>

== Select filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Television
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2012
! ''[[The Jerry Springer Show]]''
| Sunit Patel
| 1 episode
|-
| 2016
! ''[[The Sex Factor]]''
| Judge
| 10 episodes
|}

=== Movies ===
''' ''As an actor''''':
* ''Nasty Intentions'' (2009)
* ''Filthy Habits'' (2010)
* ''No Way Out'' (2014)
* ''Kill Bill'' (2015)
* ''In the Ass at Last'' (2016)
'' '''As a director''''':
* ''Hot Chicks Meet Big Fangs'' (2013)

== Awards and nominations ==
During his career, Lee has won two awards from 49 nominations.<ref name="iafd"/> Some notable awards and nominations:
{| class="infobox"

|+ '''List of accolades received by Keiran Lee'''
|-
|-
| colspan=3 |
{| class="collapsible collapsed" width=100%
!colspan=3 style="background-color: #D9E8FF; text-align:center;"|Awards and nominations
|-
|-style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Award'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#cec; text- size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Won'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#fcd; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Nominated'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |
;[[AVN Award]]s
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|12}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |
;[[XRCO Award]]s
|{{won|0}}
|{{nom|3}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |
;[[XBIZ Award]]s
|{{won|0}}
|{{nom|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |
;[[UK Adult Film and Television Award]]s
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|0}}
|}
|-

|-style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3" |
;'''Total numbers of wins and nominations'''
|-
|{{draw|'''Totals'''}}
|{{won|'''2'''}}
|{{nom|'''17'''}}
|-

| colspan"3" style="font-size: smaller; text-align:center;" | [[#Awards and nominations|References]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:85%;"
|-
! width=30%| Award
! style="width:10%;"| Year
! style="width:20%;"| Nominated work
! style="width:40%;"| Category
! style="width:10%;"| Result
! width=5%|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="13"| '''''[[AVN Award]]'''''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''[[26th AVN Awards|2009]]'''
| ''Nasty Intention''
| Best Sex Scene in a Foreign-Shot Film
| rowspan="10" {{nom}}
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=IMDB>{{cite web|title=Keiran Lee – Awards|website=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2844388/awards?ref_=nm_awd|access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[27th AVN Awards|2010]]'''
| Keiran Lee
| [[AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year|Male Performer of the Year]]
|-
| ''Filthy Habits''
| Most Outrageous Sex Scene
|-
| rowspan="6"| Keiran Lee
| Unsung Male Performer of the Year
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''[[28th AVN Awards|2011]]'''
| rowspan="5"| Male Performer of the Year
|<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Nominations-for-the-2011-AVN-Awards-Announced-418152.html | title=Nominations for the 2011 AVN Awards Announced | publisher=Adult Video News | date=29 November 2010 | access-date=15 January 2013 | archive-date=16 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116233533/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Nominations-for-the-2011-AVN-Awards-Announced-418152.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''[[29th AVN Awards|2012]]'''
|<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Awards-2012-The-Nominees-456084.html | title=AVN Awards 2012: The Nominees | publisher=Adult Video News | date=6 December 2011 | access-date=13 January 2013 | archive-date=10 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310063917/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Awards-2012-The-Nominees-456084.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''[[30th AVN Awards|2013]]'''
|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-Nominees-for-2013-AVN-Awards-496615.html|title=AVN Announces Nominees for 2013 AVN Awards|author=Steve Javors|author2=Peter Warren|name-list-style=amp|magazine=Adult Video News|date=30 November 2012|access-date=11 January 2013|archive-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117065135/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-Nominees-for-2013-AVN-Awards-496615.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''[[31st AVN Awards|2014]]'''
|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2014-AVN-Awards-544448.html|title=AVN Announces the Winners of the 2014 AVN Awards|magazine=Adult Video News|date=19 January 2014|access-date=19 January 2014|archive-date=1 February 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160201103626/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2014-AVN-Awards-544448.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
'''[[32nd AVN Awards|2015]]'''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=AVN Announces the Winners of the 2015 AVN Awards|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2015-AVN-Awards-585973.html|website=AVN.com|publisher=Adult Video News|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=6 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206165744/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2015-AVN-Awards-585973.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[34th AVN Awards|2017]]'''
| ''In the Ass at Last''
| Best Anal Sex Scene
|rowspan="3"|<ref name=winner>{{cite web |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2017-avn-award-winners-announced-712151.html |title=2017 AVN Award Winners Announced |author= |date=21 January 2017 |website=Adult Video News |publisher=AVN Media Network |access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9"| Keiran Lee
| Favorite Male Performer
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|Male Performer of the Year
| rowspan="2" {{nom}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| '''[[36th AVN Award|2019]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=2019 Nominees AVN Awards|author= |publisher=AVN Media Network|access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
| '''''[[UK Adult Film and Television Award]]'''''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''2007'''
| Best Male Actor
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=UKAFTA>{{cite web|title=The UK Adult Film & TV Awards 2007|publisher=British Girls Adult Film Database|url=http://www.bgafd.co.uk/miscellany/uk-awards-2007.php|access-date=18 November 2008}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| '''''[[XBIZ Award]]'''''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''2014'''
| rowspan="3"| Male Performer of the Year
| rowspan="5" {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.die-screaming.com/xbiz-award-nominees-313271/|title=Complete list of 2014 XBIZ Award nominees revealed|author=Dan C.|access-date=20 November 2013}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''2017'''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/214472/xbiz-announces-finalist-nominees-for-2017-xbiz-awards|title=XBIZ Announces Finalist Nominees for 2017 XBIZ Awards|author=Rhett Pardon|date=17 November 2016 |access-date=17 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| '''''[[XRCO Award]]'''''
| style="text-align:center;"| '''2013'''
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="AVN2">{{cite magazine |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-2013-nominations-506722.html |title=XRCO Announces 2013 Nominations |magazine=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]] |date=14 February 2013 |access-date=13 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''2015'''
| rowspan="2"| Best Director (Web)
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="AVN">{{cite magazine |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-2015-nominees-589904.html |title=XRCO Announces 2015 Nominees |magazine=AVN |access-date= 12 May 2017}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| '''2017'''
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="XBIZ">{{cite web |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/217794 |author=Santana, Melissa |title=2017 XRCO Awards Nominations Announced |date=10 March 2017 |publisher=[[XBIZ]] |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of British pornographic actors]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:Keiran Lee|b=no|n=no|q=Keiran Lee|s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=q1738018}}
* {{afdb name|id=50117|gender=male|name=Keiran Lee}}
* {{iafd name|id=KeiranLee|gender=male|name=Keiran Lee}}
* {{IMDb name|2844388|Keiran Lee}}
* {{Instagram|sirkeiranlee}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Erotica and pornography|United Kingdom}}

{{British pornography}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Keiran}}
[[Category:Male pornographic film actors]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:English male pornographic film actors]]
[[Category:British male pornographic film actors]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Littleover]]
[[Category:Male actors from Derby]]
[[Category:English pornographic film directors]]
[[Category:AVN Award winners]]
[[Category:Hollywood United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Men's association football players not categorized by position]]
[[Category:Association football players not categorized by nationality]]
[[Category:21st-century British male actors]]
[[Category:Pornography in India]]

Punyavrat Suvimalendu Pandey

2026-03-08T05:19:24Z

Tanjerul Islam: entry

{{Short description|Indian agricultural scientist}}
{{orphan|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Punyavrat Suvimalendu Pandey
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1964}}
| birth_place = [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Agricultural Science]] | Statistics | Agricultural Education | Agricultural Management }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University]] | [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] | [[National Academy of Agricultural Research Management]] | [[National Academy of Agricultural Research Management]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Patna Science College]] | [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Agricultural Scientist, Statistics, Agricultural Education, Policy and Administration
| awards =
}}
'''Punyavrat Suvimalendu Pandey''' (born 1964, [[Bihar]]), is an Indian [[Academic staff|academic]], [[agricultural scientist]] and vice-chancellor of [[Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University]], Samastipur.<ref>{{cite web |title=Course on natural farming |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/course-on-natural-farming/articleshow/101472511.cms |website=The Times of India |date=4 July 2023}}</ref><ref name='lh'>{{cite web |title=रहथुआ के पीएस पांडेय बने कृषि विश्वविद्यालय पूसा के कुलपति |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/buxar/story-ps-pandey-of-rathhua-became-the-vice-chancellor-of-agricultural-university-pusa-7119746.html |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thanks to agri varsity experts, ‘Marcha’ rice of Bihar's West Champaran may get GI tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/thanks-to-agri-varsity-experts-marcha-rice-may-get-gi-tag/articleshow/96072520.cms |website=The Times of India |date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RPCAU: कुलपति पीएस पांडेय बोले- विश्वविद्यालय में माइक्रो इरिगेशन और ड्रोन तकनीक की शुरू होगी पढाई - RPCAU Vice Chancellor PS Pandey said Micro irrigation and drone technology studies will start in the university |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/samastipur-rpcau-vice-chancellor-ps-pandey-said-micro-irrigation-and-drone-technology-studies-will-start-in-the-university-23503646.html |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

Pandey is an expert in the field of agricultural ICT. He created policies for agriculture education capacity development such as equity, access promotion, relevance, quality, and capacity building.<ref name='rpcau'/><ref>{{cite web |title=NAIP Final Report - ICAR |url=https://naip.icar.gov.in/download/finalreport-c1-naip.pdf |website=naip.icar.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Naveen K. |last2=Rai |first2=Pradeep Kumar |last3=Rai |first3=Dinesh Chandra |title=Indian Agriculture: Challenges, Priorities and Solutions |date=12 May 2025 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-96-5273-0 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_Agriculture_Challenges_Priorities/YeRcEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Punyavrat+Suvimalendu+Pandey&pg=PR8&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Punyavrat Suvimalendu Pandey was born on 13 February 1964 in a small village, Rahathua of [[Buxar]], [[Bihar]]. He did his graduation from [[Patna Science College]] and M.Sc. & Ph.D. from the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] (ICAR), [[Delhi]].<ref name='lh'/>

== Academic career ==
Pandey started his career as a scientist with [[National Academy of Agricultural Research Management]], [[Hyderabad]]. He is a member of the [[Agricultural Research Service (ICAR, India)|Agricultural Research Service (ARS)]] 1986 batch and has worked as a scientist and research manager for ICAR in a variety of capacities, from Scientist at the [[National Academy of Agricultural Research Management]] [[Hyderabad]], to National Coordinator of the Organisation and Management Component of the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) at ICAR, [[Delhi]].<ref name='rpcau'>{{cite web |title=Vice-Chancellor’s – Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University |url=https://www.rpcau.ac.in/vice-chancellors-profile/ |website=RPCAU |language=en}}</ref>

Pandey has also served as Assistant Director General (Education Planning & Home Science; and Education Quality Assurance and Reforms) at [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]], New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |title=ICAR ADG urges students to become job providers than seekers |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/shimla/icar-adg-urges-students-become-job-providers-seekers-1502794543.html |website=thestatesman.com}}</ref>

In September 2022, Pandey joined as Vice Chancellor of [[Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University]], Samastipur, Bihar.<ref>{{cite web |title=ICAR - CIPHET, Ludhiana signed MoU with RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar |url=https://icar.org.in/icar-ciphet-ludhiana-signed-mou-rpcau-pusa-bihar |website=ICAR.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=635 to get degrees at Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University’s convocation today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/635-to-get-degrees-at-rajendra-prasad-central-agricultural-universitys-convocation-today/articleshow/98290171.cms |website=The Times of India |date=28 February 2023}}</ref>

In January 2024, Pandey approved a new technology of mushroom ‘Badi’ production developed by the university.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agri univ develops varieties of maize |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/106943399.cms |website=The Times of India |date=18 January 2024}}</ref> He also provided certificates to the women who completed their drone pilot training.<ref>{{cite web |title=14 women receive certificates on completing drone pilot training |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/14-women-receive-certificates-on-completing-drone-pilot-training/articleshow/106713783.cms |website=The Times of India |date=11 January 2024}}</ref>

== Notable publications ==
Pandey has over 120 research papers and articles published in national and international magazines. He has served as a reviewer for multiple publications and as a member of the editorial boards of several scientific journals.

*"[https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=Km9H_AgAAAAJ&citation_for_view=Km9H_AgAAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C Yield trends, and changes in soil organic-C and available NPK in a long-term rice–wheat system under integrated use of manures and fertilizers]"; 2000; RL Yadav, BS Dwivedi, Kamta Prasad, OK Tomar, NJ Shurpali, PS Pandey; Cited by 377
*"[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429099000660 Rice-wheat cropping system: assessment of sustainability under green manuring and chemical fertilizer inputs]"; 2000; RL Yadav, BS Dwivedi, PS Pandey; Cited by 307
*"[https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2134/agronj2004.1606 Calibrating the Leaf Color Chart for Nitrogen Management in Different Genotypes of Rice and Wheat in a System]"; 2004; AK Shukla, JK Ladha, VK Singh, BS Dwivedi, V. Balasubramanian, RK Gupta, SK Sharma, Y. Singh, H. Pathak, PS Pandey, AT Padre, RL Yadav; Cited by 266

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGdnnYKHkIY PS Pandey interviewed by OP Yadav on DD Kisan], via YouTube
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOFVJDt2crU PS Pandey interviewed on DD Bihar], via YouTube

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Punyavrat Suvimalendu}}

[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

M. P. Abdussamad Samadani

2026-03-08T04:33:54Z

Tanjerul Islam: small refined section based on references and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M.P. Abdussamad Samadani
| image = Mp abdussamad samadani.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1959|1|1}}
| birth_place = [[Kottakkal]], [[India]]
| residence = [[Kottakkal]], [[Malappuram]]
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| spouse = Najeeba
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]]
| successor1 =
| constituency1 = [[Ponnani Lok Sabha constituency|Ponnani]], [[Kerala]]
| term_start2 = 2 May 2021<ref name="LSMember">{{cite web |title=Seventeenth Lok Sabha : Members Bioprofile : Samadani, Dr. M. P. Abdussamad |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5532}}</ref>
| term_end2 = 4 June 2024
| predecessor2 = [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
| successor2 = [[E. T. Mohammed Basheer]]
| constituency2 = [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]], [[Kerala]]
| office3 = [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = May 2011
| term_end3 = May 2016
| successor3 = [[K. K. Abid Hussain Thangal]]
| constituency3 = [[Kottakkal (State Assembly constituency)|Kottakkal]]
| office4 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term4 = 1994 to 2006
| constituency4 = [[Kerala]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
}}
'''M.P. Abdussamad Samadani''' (born 1 January 1959) is an Indian politician, orator, writer and scholar. He knows Malayalam, English, Urdu, Hindi, Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit languages.<ref name=":1" /> Samadani was awarded Doctor of Philosophy degree from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University|JNU]].<ref>{{cite news |title=IUML leader MP Abdussamad Samadani gets doctorate |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/iuml-leader-mp-abdussamad-samadani-gets-doctorate-jnu-phd-malappuram-1.5880456 |publisher=[[mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
M.P. Abdussamad Samadani was born as son of M.P. Abdul Hameed Haidari and Ottakath Zainab on 1 January 1959 at [[Kottakkal]], [[Malappuram district]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/13kla/members/m_p_abdussamadsamadani.htm|access-date=2021-05-27|website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="MP Abdussamad Samadani: IUML’s Philosopher-Orator Candidate For Malappuram">{{cite news |last1=TimelineDaily |date=1 March 2024 |title=MP Abdussamad Samadani: IUML's Philosopher-Orator Candidate For Malappuram |url=https://timelinedaily.com/elections/mp-abdussamad-samadani-iuml-candidate-for-malappuram |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801152939/https://timelinedaily.com/elections/mp-abdussamad-samadani-iuml-candidate-for-malappuram |archivedate=1 August 2024 |accessdate=1 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
Samadani holds a BA (Rank 1), MA (Rank 2) from [[Farook College]] in 1982, and MPhil from University of Calicut in 1986, LLB from [[Government Law College, Kozhikode]] in 2003. He did his PhD from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University|JNU]], New Delhi.<ref name=":1" />

== Political career ==
Samadani is a two time Parliament member (Rajya Sabha: 1994-2000, 2000-2006). He was a member of Kerala Legislative Assembly (Kottakkal constituency) from 2011 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala State Legislative Assembly|url=http://www.niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/profile/index/332|access-date=2021-05-29|website=www.niyamasabha.nic.in}}</ref> He was nominated as the Convenor of the Parliamentary Sub-committee on Universities and Higher Education and Member of Central Advisory Board of Education, Government of India. He was also a member of India's official and parliamentary delegations to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria and Jordan, appointed by the Union government.<ref name=":0" /> He also worked as a member of Kerala Sahitya Academy and Kerala Kalamandalam.<ref name=":1" /> He was elected as [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha]] representing [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)]] through by - election held in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-03|title=IUML's Abdussamad Samadani wins Malappuram bye-election|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iumls-abdussamad-samadani-wins-malappuram-bye-election-148208|access-date=2021-05-27|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

He was elected as [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha]] representing [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)]] through by - election held in 2021.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2021-05-02 |title=Samadani wins Malappuram LS bypoll |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malappuram-ls-bypoll-samadani-wins/article34467551.ece |access-date=2024-07-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In the [[2024 Indian general election]], he was elected as [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha]] representing [[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web | title=Election Commission of India | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywisewinresult-772S11.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605080659/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywisewinresult-772S11.htm | access-date=2025-01-25 | archive-date=2024-06-05}}</ref>

==As an orator==
Samadani has translated the speeches of [[Manmohan Singh]], [[Soniya Gandhi]], [[Rahul Gandhi]], [[Farooq Abdullah]], [[Gulam Nabi Azad]], [[Kapil Sibal]], [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]], [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], [[Nitish Kumar]], [[Karan Singh]], [[Gulzar]], [[Raj Babbar]], Maulana [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]], [[Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Arjun Singh]], [[Kuldip Nayar]], Pandit [[Jasraj]], [[Ali Sardar Jafri]], and Padmashree [[Shamsur Rahman Faruqi]]. Shri [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] called him ‘Vashya Vachassu’ (The Enchanting Word).<ref name=":0" />

==Positions held==
{{BLP sources section|date=March 2022}}

*1994 – MP [[Rajya Sabha]]
*2000 – MP [[Rajya Sabha]]
*2002 to 2004 – Convener, Parliamentary Sub-Committee on Universities and Higher Education<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=സമദാനി; ഒരു വാഗ്മിയുടെ നിശ്ശബ്‍ദ വിജയം!|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/analysis-election/m-p-abdul-samad-samadani-won-from-malappuram-lok-sabha-constituency-qshnog|access-date=2021-05-07|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=ml}}</ref>
*2004 – Member, Central Advisory Board of Education, [[Government of India]]
*2004 – Member, Parliamentary Committee on Health and Family Welfare
*1995 to 1996 – Member, Parliamentary Committee on Defence
*1996 to 1999 – Member, Parliamentary Committee on Subordinate Legislation
*1996 to 2004 and 2004 to 2006 – Member, Parliamentary Committee on Human Resource Development
*1996 to 2004 and 2004 to 2006 – Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of External Affairs
*1998 to 1999 and 2004 to 2006 – Member, Parliamentary Committee on Papers Laid on the Table, Member, Papers Laid on the Table Parliamentary Committee
*2001 - Member, Court of the [[Aligarh Muslim University|AMU]]
*Member, [[Malappuram District]] Council
*Member, Kerala Sahitya Academy
*Member, [[Kerala Kalamandalam]]
*Senior Vice President, [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
* Director, Indianness Academy
*Chairman, Maulana Azad Foundation
* Chairman, Sukumar Azhikode Foundation<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Aug 18, 2016|title=Birth anniversary of Azhikode to be observed {{!}} Kozhikode News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/birth-anniversary-of-azhikode-to-be-observed/articleshow/53751374.cms|access-date=2021-05-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* Patron, Kerala Sanskrit Prachara Samithi
* President, Anjuman Tarqi-e-Urdu, Kerala Branch<ref>http://samadani.in/wps/{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*Member of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|KLA]] [[Kottakkal]] 2011–16.
*MP Lok Sabha [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malappuram]] 2021 -24.<ref name=":3" />
*MP Lok Sabha [[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]] 2024 - incumbent.<ref name=":2" />

== See also ==

* [[Syed Muhammedali Shihab Thangal]]
* [[Indian Union Muslim League]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/printArticle.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=211993&version=1&template_id=36&parent_id=16 Stress on humanitarian values]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100923103336/http://www.indianunionmuslimleague.in/Muslim_League_members_in_parliament.htm A website on Indian Union Muslim League]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samadani, M. P. Abdussamad}}
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Kerala]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]
[[Category:University of Calicut alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Farook College alumni]]

Ulhas Koravi Satyanarayan

2026-03-04T16:29:00Z

Tanjerul Islam: Starting initial data basic info

{{short description|Indian professional basketball player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox basketball biography
| name = Ulhas Koravi Satyanarayan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| number = 24
| position = [[Guard (basketball)|Guard]]
| height_m = 1.85
| weight_lb =
| league = [[Basketball League of Serbia]]
| team = Novi Pazar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|8|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| nationality = Indian
| high_school = [[G D Goenka Public School]]
| college = [[University of Westminster]] (2016-19)
| draft_year =
| career_start =
| career_end =
| years1 = 2019–2021
| team1 = [[Old School Ballers]]
| years2 = 2021–2022
| team2 = [[Gloria (basketball team)|Gloria]]
| years3 = 2023–2024
| team3 = [[Valletta Fighters]]
| years4 = 2024–present
| team4 = [[OKK Novi Pazar|Novi Pazar]]
| highlights =
* 1x gold medal - Indian under-19 national school league
* 1x bronze medal Delhi Open league
* 1× champion - [[London]] inter-university league (2018)
* 1× champion - India Street Ball League (2019)
* 1x bronze medal - [[Moldovan Super League]] (2021)
| medaltemplates =
}}

'''Ulhas Koravi Satyanarayan''', mostly referred to as '''Ulhas KS''' (born 15 August 1998), is an Indian professional [[basketball]] player.

NDTV, India TV, and The Indian Express have described him as the first Indian to sign and compete in professional basketball leagues in Europe, including the Moldovan National League Division 1 and the Serbian National Basketball League Division 1 (KLS).<ref>{{cite news |title=History for Indian Basketball, Ulhas KS makes debut in Serbian National League Division 1 |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/basketball/history-for-indian-basketball-ulhas-ks-makes-debut-in-serbian-national-league-division-1-7316740 |publisher=NDTV Sports |date=2024 |access-date=2026-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Can this guy even play with us? Ulhas KS on prevailing stereotypes around Indians in European leagues |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/sports/other/can-this-guy-even-play-with-us-ulhas-ks-on-prevailing-stereotypes-around-indians-in-european-leagues-2024-08-23-948314 |publisher=India TV News |date=23 August 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian basketball: Ulhas Koravi Satyanarayan makes European breakthrough |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/basketball/indian-basketball-ulhas-koravi-satyanarayan-9638891/lite/ |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2024 |access-date=2026-03-04}}</ref>

He has competed professionally in Moldova, Malta, and Serbia, and has represented India in international basketball competitions. He is also the Founder and President of the '''Ulhas YuviPep Basketball Academy (UYBA)''', a grassroots basketball initiative focused on player development and international exposure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ulhas YuviPep Basketball Academy launched to put Indian hoops on global map |url=https://www.thefinancialworld.com/ulhas-yuvipep-basketball-academy-launched-to-put-indian-hoops-on-global-map/ |publisher=The Financial World |date=2024 |access-date=2026-03-04}}</ref>

==Early life==
He is originally from [[Kancheepuram]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="IANS">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu-boy-to-play-in-elite-european-professional-basketball-league/articleshow/87042595.cms Tamil Nadu boy to play in elite European professional basketball league] IANS ([[The Times of India]]), 15 October 2021. Accessed 9 January 2022.</ref> He started basketball at age 7.<ref name="DD India">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3ASrrphfXc Virtual Encounters with Ulhas KS - YouTube] [[DD India]], 22 October 2021. Accessed 11 January 2022.</ref>

==Basketball career==
Ulhas hails from [[G D Goenka Public School]], [[New Delhi]]. He played in the Under-19 national school league and Delhi Open league, winning gold and bronze in the two tournaments.<ref name="IANS"/>

In 2016, he joined Westminster Business School (WBS) in Marylebone, Central London. He was selected to the university's first team and served as team captain during the 2017–18 season, leading the Westminster Dragons to their first university championship in seven years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Westminster alumnus represents India at FIBA Asia World Cup qualifiers |url=https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news/alumnus-represents-india-at-fiba-asia-world-cup-qualifiers |publisher=University of Westminster |access-date=2026-03-04}}</ref>

In his 3rd year in England he played in the [[National Basketball League (England)|National Basketball League]].<ref name="DD India"/>

After graduation from Westminster, Ulhas played in a semi-professional [[3x3 basketball]] league [[3BL]] in India. There, he played for [[New Delhi]]'s team [[Old School Ballers]] and won the 2019 championship.<ref name="IANS"/>

In mid-2021, he started his fully professional career with Gloria of the [[Moldovan National Division (basketball)|Moldovan National Division]].<ref name="IANS"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian cager Ulhas KS to set to play in Moldovan National League |url=https://sportscafe.in/basketball/articles/2021/oct/16/indian-cager-ulhas-ks-to-set-to-play-in-moldovan-national-league |accessdate=10 January 2022 |work=sportscafe.in |date=16 October 2021 |archive-date=10 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110194141/https://sportscafe.in/basketball/articles/2021/oct/16/indian-cager-ulhas-ks-to-set-to-play-in-moldovan-national-league |url-status=dead }}</ref>

As of mid-December 2021 he was the league's second-best scorer.<ref name="India New England News">[https://indianewengland.com/2021/12/tn-youth-leads-team-to-medal-victory-in-european-league/ TN youth leads team to medal victory in European league] India New England News, 13 December 2021. Accessed 9 January 2022.</ref> He helped his team [[Gloria (basketball team)|Gloria]] secure the bronze medal at the 2021 [[Moldovan Super League]], the first medal in the team's league history.{{fact|date=September 2022}}

He later competed professionally in Malta before signing with [[OKK Novi Pazar|Novi Pazar]] in the [[Basketball League of Serbia]].

==Basketball development==
Ulhas is the founder and president of the '''Ulhas YuviPep Basketball Academy (UYBA)''', a grassroots basketball development initiative focused on developing young players and creating international exposure pathways for Indian athletes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ulhas YuviPep Basketball Academy launched to put Indian hoops on global map |url=https://www.thefinancialworld.com/ulhas-yuvipep-basketball-academy-launched-to-put-indian-hoops-on-global-map/ |publisher=The Financial World |date=2024 |access-date=2026-03-04}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Ulhas-Satyanarayan/Moldova/Gloria/634759 Ulhas Satyanarayan] at Asia-basket.com
*[https://mobile.twitter.com/ulhas_ks Ulhas KS] on Twitter

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satyanarayan, Ulhas Koravi}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Westminster]]
[[Category:Basketball players from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Guards (basketball)]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Malta]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Moldova]]
[[Category:Indian men's basketball players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from New Delhi]]

Lucky Chance

2026-03-03T18:23:18Z

Tanjerul Islam: Starting first info basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Lucky Chance
| image = Lucky Chance.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| writer = [[Tanikella Bharani]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = [[Malladi Venkata Krishna Murthy]] Yerramshetty Sai
| screenplay = Siva Nageswara Rao
| producer = C. Sarath Babu
| director = [[Siva Nageswara Rao]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Kanchan (actress)|Kanchan]]
| music = [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]]
| cinematography = B. N. Rao
| editing = K. Ramesh
| studio = Sri Madhav Arts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/6052?ed=Tolly |title=Lucky Chance (Overview) |work=The Cine Bay}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|8|25}}
| runtime = 114 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Lucky Chance''''' is a 1994 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]], produced by C. Sarath Babu under the Sri Madhav Arts banner and directed by [[Siva Nageswara Rao]]. It stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Kanchan (actress)|Kanchan]] and music composed by [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/lucky-chance-movie/18247 |title=Lucky Chance (Cast & Crew) |work=gomolo.com}}</ref> The film was inspired by the 1954 classic movie ''[[Chakrapani (film)|Chakrapani]]'', which itself was based on [[Malladi Venkata Krishna Murthy]]'s novel ''Vitamin M''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} The film was recorded as a ''Hit'' at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmiclub.com/movie/lucky-chance-1994-telugu-movie |title=Lucky Chance (Review) |work=Filmiclub}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins with two besties, Dharma Rao & Veerabhadram, going with an amusing challenge, whose children will grant them a grandson. So accordingly, they pact through their family lawyer Nayudamma by depositing {{INRConvert|200000}} in the bank. Affirming, one stands first and gains the amount with the interest. Years roll by, and the elders expire. The amount multiplies into {{INRConvert|5000000}}, and except Nayudamma, nobody knows the code who is currently in prison for the term for treading violations. Veerabhadram has three sons, Seshagiri, Anjaneyulu, & Bose. Dharma Rao has two sons, Sivaram & Rajababu, and a daughter, Bhanu. Both families are still cordial.
Bose is a loaf, and he survives trickery. From childhood, he endeared Bhanu, but she detests him and aspires to settle in the States.

Meanwhile, Nayudamma acquits, voiding his degree, and approaches Adavocate Dakshina Murthy, who acolyte him to get even for his insults at his apprentice. Nayudamma also negotiates with Bose by unwrapping the concealed and insists on splicing his daughter Dhanalakshmi. The two forward to her, and after explaining everything, she is averse and scatters her father. So, he covenanted with Bose for a 50% share. Bose reveals the secret to Bhanu, and she agrees to knit him, stipulating that there will be no relationship between the two, who will conceive artificially and declaring that she will quit for states with her share by divorcing. Soon after, the newlywed walks on to a doctor and receives rebuke when the couple starts their marital life. Fortuitously, Dakshina Murthy loves & marries Dhanalakshmi, via whom he too gains the secret. Hence, he makes a deal with Rajababu, and everyone is mindful of it step-by-step.

Thus, one moves pawns the other, and the heels ruse by intruding into their house. As part of it, they create a rift & detach the Anjeneeyulu couple by attributing shame to his wife, Uma. Today, all the ladies conceive when Nayudamma & Dakshina Murthy force their parties to abort the remaining. Though Bose attempts on his elder sister-in-law Bharati, he withdraws because of showering affection. Whereat, Bose rebels against Nayudamma and expels him by breaching the contract. Tragically, Bhanu is poisoned by Rajababu and hospitalized at death's door when she realizes the virtue of her husband. Rajababu also kicks off Dakshina Murthy, and the families are united. Ultimately, Bose is blessed with a baby boy—Nayudamma & Dakshina Murthy fuse to repel and abduct the newborn when Bose rescues him with the family. At last, Bose wins {{Indian Rupee}} 50 lakhs, but perceiving the fruitlessness of treacherous money, he shares the amount with all who regretfully conjoins the Anjineeyulu couple. Finally, the movie ends happily.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Bose
*[[Kanchan (actress)|Kanchan]] as Bhanu
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Dharma Rao
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Nayudamma
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Dakshina Murthy
*[[Giri Babu]] as Seshagiri
*[[Mannava Balayya|M. Balaiah]] as Veerabhadram
*[[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|A.V.S.]] as Sivaram
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Manager
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Anjaneyulu
*[[Chinna (actor)|Chinna]] as Rajababu
*[[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]] as Lalitha's father
*Kavitha as Bharathi
*Bangalore Padma as Doctor
*Shilpa as Lalitha
*Sandhya as Uma
*Sameera as Dhanalakshmi
*[[Y. Vijaya]] as Sivaram's wife
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Lucky Chance
| type = film
| artist = [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1994
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 27:32
| label = Balaji Audio
| producer = [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[Sri Kommineni|Sri]]. Lyrics were written by [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]. Music released on Balaji Audio Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cineradham.com/telugu-audio/movie/2733/Lucky%20Chance(1994)/ |title=Lucky Chance (1994 film) (Songs) |work=Cineradham}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:32
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| writing_credits =
| lyrics_credits =
| music_credits =
| title1 = Tatala Naati
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 4:16
| title2 = Sweety Singarama
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Radhika
| length2 = 4:21
| title3 = Ravoyee Chandamama
| extra3 = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length3 = 5:16
| title4 = Aaja Aaja Raja
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Chitra
| length4 = 6:04
| title5 = Jagratha Naa Jolikivasthe
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 4:19
| title6 = Vudutha Vudutha Huth
| extra6 = Mano, [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| length6 = 3:16
}}

== Other ==
* VCDs and DVDs on – VOLGA Videos, [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Siva Nageswara Rao}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Siva Nageswara Rao]]

Pranaya Godari

2026-03-03T09:13:11Z

Tanjerul Islam: info

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by PL Vignesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pranaya Godari.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = PL Vignesh
| writer = PL Vignesh
| producer = Lingaiah Paramall
| starring = {{plain list|
* Sadan Hasan
* Priyanka Prasad
}}
| cinematography = Prasad Edara
| editing = Kodaganti Veekshitha Venu
| music = Markandeya Paramalla
| studio = PLV Creations
| released = {{Film date|2024|12|13|df=y|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pranaya Godari''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by PL Vignesh. The film features Sadan Hasan and Priyanka Prasad in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Actor Ali's Nephew To Debut With Pranaya Godari. Title And First Look Poster Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-actor-alis-nephew-to-debut-with-pranaya-godari-title-and-first-look-poster-out-8931495.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211042920/https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-actor-alis-nephew-to-debut-with-pranaya-godari-title-and-first-look-poster-out-8931495.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was released on 13 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2024-12-10 |title=Pranayagodari: డిసెంబర్ 13న 'ప్రణయ గోదారి'.. ప్రీ రిలీజ్ లో ఆర్థిక సాయం |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/pranaya-godari-movie-releasing-on-december-13-724355.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN |archive-date=15 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215144802/https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/pranaya-godari-movie-releasing-on-december-13-724355.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=December 2024}}

==Cast==
* Sadan Hasan as Srinu
* Priyanka Prasad as Goyya Lakshmi Prasanna
* [[P. Sai Kumar]] as Pedda Kapu
* [[Prudhvi Raj]]
* Jabardasth Rajamouli
* Ushasri as Lalitha
* Sunil Ravinuthala as Gochi
* Prabhavathi
* Mirchi Madhavi

== Music ==
The background score and soundtrack is composed by Markandeya Paramalla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thellaru Poddullo, New Song From Telugu Film Pranaya Godari, Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/thellaru-poddullo-new-song-from-telugu-film-pranaya-godari-out-9094927.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=మ్యూజిక్‌ డైరెక్టర్‌ కోటి చేతుల మీదుగా 'ప్రణయగోదారి' సాంగ్ విడుదల {{!}} Pranaya Godari Song Out Now {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/pranaya-godari-song-out-now-2092387 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = Markandeya Paramalla
| all_music = Markandeya Paramalla
| title1 = Kalalo Kalalo
| length1 = 3:47
| extra1 = [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]]
| title2 = Gu Guggu
| length2 = 3:56
| extra2 = Bhargavi Pillai
| title3 = Choodakayyo Nemalikalla
| length3 = 3:34
| extra3 = Sai Charan, [[Sunitha (Telugu singer)|Sunitha]]
| title4 = Thellaru Poddullo
| length4 = 3:27
| extra4 = [[Dhanunjay Seepana]], Adithi Bavaraj
| title5 = Oho Pranayagodari
| length5 = 4:08
| extra5 = Satya Yamini
}}

== Release ==
''Pranaya Godari'' was released on 13 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=త్వరలో 'ప్రణయ గోదారి' {{!}} Pranaya Godari Saikumar poster released {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/pranaya-godari-saikumar-poster-released-2274291 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Reception ==
TA Kiran Kumar of [[Zee Media Corporation|''Zee News Telugu'']] gave a rating of 2.75 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=Pranaya Godari Movie Review:'ప్రణయ గోదారి' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. ఎలా ఉందంటే..! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/no-rev/sai-kumars-pranaya-godari-movie-review-rating-public-talk-ta-188647 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> [[Asianet News Network|''Asianet News Telugu'']] and ''[[News18 Telugu]]'' also gave the same rating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=aithagoni.raju |title='ప్రణయ గోదారి' మూవీ రివ్యూ, రేటింగ్‌ |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/pranaya-godari-movie-review-and-rating-arj-sofujc#image1 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Asianet News Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=Pranaya Godari Movie: 'ప్రణయ గోదారి' మూవీ రివ్యూ... సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే..? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/pranaya-godari-movie-review-bh-ws-a-2664444.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=News18 తెలుగు |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|34874906}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2024 action drama films]]

Aazad Samaj Party

2026-02-20T12:40:43Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Short description|Indian political party}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{pp-move-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= July 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|colorcode = {{Party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}
|symbol =
|logo =File:Azad samaj party.png
| flag =
|alliance = [[Jannayak Janta Party|JJP]] ([[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]) 
[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|RLP]] ([[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]])
|abbreviation = ASP(KR)
|president = [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]
|loksabha_leader = [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]
|leader = [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]
|general_secretary= Ravindra Bhati Gurjar
|ppchairman = [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]
|founder =[[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20230717-azad-samaj-party-in-up-a-shot-in-the-arm-2403364-2023-07-07|title=Azad Samaj Party in UP|website=www.indiatoday.in|date=7 July 2023 |access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref>
|foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|2020|03|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aazadsamajpartyk.org/2023/03/12/स्थापना-दिवस/|title=आजाद समाज पार्टी (कांशीराम) के तीसरे स्थापना दिवस पर "सीरी फोर्ट स्टेडियम" नई दिल्ली में प्रथम राष्ट्रीय अधिवेशन आयोजित किया जा रहा है|website=aazadsamajpartyk.org|access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref>
|split =
|headquarters = 3/22-c-136, c block Gokulpur [[New Delhi]], 110094
|ideology = [[Ambedkarism]] [[Socialism]] [[Social justice]] [[Secularism]]
|colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}} [[Blue]]
|youth =[[Bhim Army]]
|students =Bhim Army Student Federation of India
|Cultural =
|Farmers =
|Workers =
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#state party|Registered Unrecognised party]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|543|hex={{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245}}
|state_seats_name = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|403}}
|state2_seats_name = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
|state2_seats = {{Composition bar|0|100}}
|no_states =
|website = {{URL|https://aazadsamajpartyk.org/}}
|position=[[Centre-left]]
}}
'''Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)''' ({{small|abbr.}} '''ASP(KR)'''), commonly known as '''Aazad Samaj Party''' {{small|abbr.}} '''ASP'''), is an Indian registered, [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised parties|unrecognised]] [[political party]] in the [[Federated state|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was founded by [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/bhim-army-chief-chandrashekhar-launches-party/articleshow/74643563.cms|title=Bhim Army chief Chandrashekhar launches party|website=bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/bhim-army-president-announces-new-political-party-azad-samaj-party-2269626.html|title=Bhim Army President announces new political party 'Azad Samaj Party'|website=zeenews.india.com|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main article|Bhim Army}}

===Precursor===
The Azad Samaj Party's origins lie in the Bhim Army founded by [[Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan|Chandra Shekhar Aazad]] in 2015 to protect constitutional rights and oppose caste oppression.<ref name="Rashid 2017" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Ambedkarite 2.0: Saharanpur's Bhim Army signals the rise of a new, aggressive Dalit politics |url=https://scroll.in/article/837494/ambedkarite-2-0-saharanpurs-bhim-army-signals-the-rise-of-a-new-aggressive-dalit-politics |last=Daniyal |first=Shoaib |website=Scroll.in |date=13 May 2017 |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> The group formed after reports of discrimination and caste-based violence faced by [[Dalit]] students at AHP Inter-college in [[Uttar Pradesh]], and the Bhim Army then helped protect the Dalit students.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Ambedkar's Army |url=https://thequint.com/quintlab/ambedkar-dalit-army-fights-caste-atrocities-in-uttar-pradesh/ |last=Quint |first=The |website=TheQuint |language=en |access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref><ref name=":02" />

Azad gained attention after publicly posting a sign which read "The Great [[Chamar]] of Dhadkauli Welcome You."<ref name="Rashid 2017">{{cite news |last1=Rashid |first1=Omar |title=The lowdown on the Bhim Army |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-lowdown-on-the-bhim-army/article18956257.ece |access-date=22 January 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] | date=June 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> Upper-caste [[Rajput]]s were upset with the Dalit celebration of identity and objected to the erection of the board.<ref name="signals">{{Cite web |title=Ambedkarite 2.0: Saharanpur's Bhim Army signals the rise of a new, aggressive Dalit politics |url=https://scroll.in/article/837494/ambedkarite-2-0-saharanpurs-bhim-army-signals-the-rise-of-a-new-aggressive-dalit-politics |last=Daniyal |first=Shoaib |website=Scroll.in |date=13 May 2017 |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> But, the Bhim Army intervened and ensure that the Thakurs did not unleash any violence.<ref name="signals" /> In another incident, the Rajputs prevented a Dalit groom from riding a horse to his wedding.<ref name="signals" /> Yet again, the Bhim Army intervened and escorted the groom.<ref name="signals" />

The Bhim Army attained national prominence after clashes in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-after-up-bhim-army-set-to-rock-maharashtra-2486846 |title=After UP, Bhim Army set to rock Maharashtra |date=29 June 2017 |publisher=[[DNA India]]}}</ref> In June 2017, the group's leader Chandrashekhar, a lawyer, was arrested by the Uttar Pradesh [[Special Task Force (India)|Special Task Force]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/bhim-army-chief-arrested-family-threatens-govt-congress-calls-him-victim-4695617/ |title=Bhim army chief arrested: Family threatens govt, Congress calls him 'victim' |date=9 June 2017 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Chandrashekhar was granted bail by the [[Allahabad High Court]] in November 2017, but the Uttar Pradesh government led by [[Yogi Adityanath]] continued to detain him under the [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]] until it dropped the NSA order in September 2018 and acquitted Chandrashekhar from jail.<ref>Omar Rashid, [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bhim-army-chief-chandrashekhar-azad-released-from-jail-says-dalits-will-ensure-bjps-rout-in-2019/article24947396.ece Bhim Army chief Chandrashekhar Azad released from jail, says he will ensure BJP's rout in 2019], ''The Hindu'' (14 September 2018).</ref> Chandrashekhar describes himself as a representative of [[Bahujan]] identity and a follower of [[Kanshi Ram]].

The group protests against discrimination and [[Caste-related violence in India|caste violence against Dalit]] by members of the upper [[Rajput|Thakurs]] caste in [[Saharanpur violence|violent clashes in 2017 in Saharanpur]]. Bhim Army rally in [[Jantar Mantar, New Delhi]] in 2017 was attended by a large crowd,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/we-the-people/we-the-people-the-curse-of-caste-458461 |title=The Curse of Caste? |date=28 May 2017 |work=[[We the People (Indian TV series)|We the People]] | publisher=NDTV}}</ref> estimated to be 10,000 by [[Delhi Police]].

In August 2019, the Bhim Army took part in nationwide Dalit protests against the demolition of [[Shri Guru Ravidas Gurughar]], a temple dedicated to [[Sant Ravidas]] in [[Tughlaqabad]], [[Delhi]], on the orders of the [[Delhi Development Authority]] (DDA), following lengthy litigation between the DDA and Guru Ravidas Jainti Samaroh Samiti.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mukesh |last=Rawat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dalit-protest-demolition-ravidas-temple-delhi-tughlakabad-explained-1590482-2019-08-22 |title=Explained: Why are Dalits agitated over demolition of Ravidas temple in Delhi |date=22 August 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref> Dozens of people, including Chandrashekhar and Vinay Ratan, were arrested by police, prompting the Bhim Army to demand their release.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bhim-army-warns-movement-if-top-leaders-not-freed-1591311-2019-08-25 Bhim Army warns of movement if its top leaders are not freed], [[Indo-Asian News Service]] (25 August 2019).</ref>

In March 2020, Chandrashekhar announced that the Bhim Army would formally enter electoral politics. The group previously operated as a quasi-political force. Chandrashekhar stated that "''We tried to join hands and work unitedly with the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] but its leader was unwilling to do so.''" Chandrashekhar said the new political party would set up an office in [[Lucknow]] and work to counter the ruling BJP. Chandrashekhar has described the BJP as his chief political adversary, but has also competed with [[Mayawati]], the leader of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhim Army chief Chandrashekhar Azad to announce new party on BSP founder Kanshi Ram's anniversary |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/Mar/12/bhim-army-chief-chandrashekhar-azad-to-announce-new-party-on-bsp-founder-kanshi-rams-anniversary-2115770.html |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |date=12 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

The Bhim Army opposes the BJP's [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019]] (CAA) legislation<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhim Army Chief Chandrashekhar Azad Sent To Jail For 14 Days Over Citizenship Protests |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhim-army-chief-chandrashekhar-azad-sent-to-jail-for-14-days-over-citizenship-protests-2152452#:~:text=Bhim%20Army%20chief%20Chandrashekhar%20Azad%20was%20sent%20to%2014%20days,before%20sending%20him%20to%20jail. |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref> In January and February 2020, the Bhim Army engaged in the [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|protests against the CAA]] and sought its repeal.<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/bhim-army-chief-chandrashekhar-azad-vows-to-fight-until-caa-is-repealed-800693.html Bhim Army chief Chandrashekhar Azad vows to fight until CAA is repealed], ''Deccan Herald'' (2 February 2020).</ref><ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/anti-caa-protests-court-asks-police-to-verify-if-bhim-army-chief-has-an-office-in-delhi/articleshow/73354094.cms Anti-CAA protests: Court asks police to verify if Bhim Army Chief has an office in Delhi], Press Trust of India (18 January 2020).</ref> In February 2020, street clashes took place between pro-CAA BJP supporters and Bhim Army supporters in connection with the [[North East Delhi riots]]; both sides engaged in stone-pelting.<ref>Neeraj Chauhan, [https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/delhi-riots-face-off-between-bhim-army-caa-backers-a-trigger/story-iYMqbEZjVNcXY3kzjxw8OO.html Delhi riots: Face-off between Bhim Army, CAA backers a trigger], ''Hindustan Times'' (28 February 2020).</ref>

===Current political organisation===

On 15 March 2020, Chandrashekhar officially announced his new political party named Azad Samaj Party. As many as 78 former leaders of the [[Samajwadi Party]], Bahujan Samaj Party and [[Indian National Congress]] joined the newly launched party.<ref>[https://zeenews.india.com/india/bhim-army-president-announces-new-political-party-azad-samaj-party-2269626.html Bhim Army President announces new political party 'Azad Samaj Party'], ''Zee News'' (15 March 2020).</ref>
[[Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan|Chandra Shekhar Aazad]] officially announced the formation of his new political party, named Azad Samaj Party, on 15 March 2020. A total of 98 former leaders from the [[Samajwadi Party]], [[Bhartiya Janta Party]], [[Indian National Congress]], and [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] joined the newly launched party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhim Army President announces new political party Azad Samaj Party |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/bhim-army-president-announces-new-political-party-azad-samaj-party-2269626.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

On 27 October, the Azad Samaj Party formed an alliance with the [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]] for the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023 Rajasthan Assembly elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Sobhana K. |date=2023-10-31 |title=Rashtriya Loktantrik Party makes another bid to lose its 'marginal player' tag in Rajasthan politics |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly/rlp-makes-another-bid-to-lose-its-marginal-player-tag-in-rajasthan-politics/article67480833.ece |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The party's leader Chandershekar Azad is the party's first Member of Parliament and is elected from nagina lok sabha constituency.

==Electoral performance==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Lok sabha election results
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Legislature
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"|Party leader
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"|Pre-poll alliance
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Seats contested
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Seats won
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Change in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Total votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Overall vote %
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Vote swing
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Outcome
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Ref.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[18th Lok Sabha]]
| [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]
|{{Steady}}
|8
|{{Composition bar|1|543|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
| {{increase}} 1
|5,12,552
|0.58%
| ''New''
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605053823/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/index.htm |archive-date=5 June 2024 |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=26 August 2024 }}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+State assembly election results
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"|Party leader
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"|Pre-poll alliance
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Seats contested
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Seats won
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Change in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Total votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Overall vote %
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Vote swing
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| Outcome
|-
!colspan="10" |[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|
|{{Steady}}
|100
|{{Composition bar|0|243|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
|{{Steady}}
|
|
|''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
|-
! colspan="10" |[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi]]
|-
|[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|
|{{Steady}}
|15
|{{Composition bar|0|70|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
|{{Steady}}
|3018
|
|''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
|-
! colspan="10" |[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|
|{{Steady}}
|3
|{{Composition bar|0|90|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
|{{Steady}}
|2,191
|0%
|''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
! colspan="10" |[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]]
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|
|{{Steady}}
|14
|{{Composition bar|0|81|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
|
|
|
|''new''
|
|-
! colspan="10" |[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]]
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|
|[[Jannayak Janta Party|JJP]]+
|12
|{{Composition bar|0|90|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
|{{Steady}}
|19,534
|0.1%
|''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Colspan=10|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|
|{{Steady}}
| 86
|{{Composition bar|0|230|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
| {{Steady}}
|142,421
|0.33%
| ''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
! colspan="10" |[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]]
|-
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|
|{{Steady}}
|40
|{{Composition bar|0|288|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
|
|
|
|''new''
|
|-
!Colspan=10|[[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]]
|-
| [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|
|{{Steady}}
|8
|{{Composition bar|0|117|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
| {{Steady}}
|3,478
| 0.02%
| ''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
!Colspan=10|[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|
|[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party|RLP+]]
| 48
|{{Composition bar|0|200|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
| {{Steady}}
|355,259
| 0.89%
| ''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
!Colspan=10|[[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|
|{{Steady}}
| 4
|{{Composition bar|0|119|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
| {{Steady}}
|1,002
|0%
| ''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
!Colspan=10|[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|
|{{Steady}}
| 13
|{{Composition bar|0|70|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
| {{Steady}}
| 34,109
| 0.63%
| ''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
!Colspan=10|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)|Chandrashekhar Azad]]
|{{Steady}}
| 110
|{{Composition bar|0|403|{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}}}
| {{Steady}}
| 119,170
| 0.13%
| ''new''
|{{Steady}}
|-
|}

== State Leadership ==
The Azad Samaj Party has state units in Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal, and other states.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"| State
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}};color:white"|State President
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|Satyendra Vidrohi
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
|Sunil Kumar Chittod
|-
|Uttarakhand
|Mahak Singh
|-
|Bihar
|Jauhar Azad
|-
|Jharkhand
|Kasif Raza
|-
|Rajasthan
|Amarchand Harsolia
|-
|Haryana
|Rame Pradhan
|-
|Delhi
|Balakram Bauddh
|}

==See also==
* [[List of political parties in India]]
* [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
* [[Samajwadi Party]]
* [[Fourth Mayawati ministry]]
* [[Kanshi Ram]]
* [[List of Jatav]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Official website|https://bcyparty.org/}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Regionalist parties in India]]
[[Category:2020 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2020]]
[[Category:Political parties in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dalit politics]]
[[Category:Ambedkarite political parties]]

Common Service Centres

2026-02-19T08:50:47Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Short description|Indian government facilities}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{AI-generated|date=February 2026|reason=[[Special:Diff/1235970246|this mid-2024 rewrite]]; note [[WP:AISIGNS]] in superficial analyses, vocab distro typical of 2024 LLMs etc}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Common Service Centres
| logo = Common Service Centres logo.png
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_alt = Logo of Commen Service Centres
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| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|7|16}}
| founder = [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (MeitY)
| defunct = 
| hq_location = Electronics Niketan
| hq_location_city = [[New Delhi]]
| hq_location_country = India
| num_locations =
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| area_served = Most of India
| key_people = Akhil Kumar, IPS ([[Managing director|MD]] & [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])
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'''Common Service Centres (CSCs)''' are a key component of the [[Digital India]] initiative launched by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Commen Service Centres : The Emperor’s New Clothes|url=https://www.theindiaforum.in/article/common-service-centres-emperor-s-new-clothes |journal=The India Forum |issue=22 October 2019 |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref> These centres aim to provide essential government and non-government services to citizens, particularly in rural and remote areas, through digital means. By acting as access points for various public utility services, social welfare schemes, healthcare, financial, and education services, CSCs play a crucial role in the digital empowerment of the underserved populations.<ref>{{cite news |title=How CSCs are helping delivery in rural India |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/columnists/how-cscs-are-helping-delivery-in-rural-india.html |date=10 June 2022 |work=The Pioneer |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

==Establishment==
The concept of CSCs was introduced in 2006 under the [[National e-Governance Plan|National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National e-Governance Plan |url=https://www.meity.gov.in/divisions/national-e-governance-plan |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref> The primary objective was to establish a network of [[Information and communication technology|ICT-enabled]] access points for delivering various government services to the rural populace. Over time, the scope of CSCs has expanded significantly. In 2015, under the [[Digital India|Digital India program]], CSCs were further empowered to offer a broader range of services, making them a vital component of the government’s strategy to enhance digital inclusion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Digital India Programme: A journey of transformation |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/isbinsight/digital-india-programme-a-journey-of-transformation/93677/1 |date=19 July 2024 |work=Forbes India |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

==Objectives==
The main objectives of CSCs are:
* [[Digital inclusion|Digital Inclusion]]: To bridge the digital divide by providing digital services to rural and remote areas.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSC to Play Significant Role in Digital India Programme: Shri Alphons Kannanthanam |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1511000 |date=27 November 2017 |work=Press Information Bureau|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>
* [[Financial Inclusion|Economic Inclusion]]: To extend banking and financial services to underserved communities.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSC SPV, HDFC Bank sign MoU to support financial inclusion in rural areas |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/csc-spv-hdfc-bank-sign-mou-to-support-financial-inclusion-in-rural-areas-118070400774_1.html |date= 4 July 2018|work=Business Standard |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>
* Educational and Skill Development: To promote online education and skill development programs like [[Skill India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=MSDE an CSCs join hands to bolster apprenticeship training ecosystem in India |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/jobs-career/education-msde-an-cscs-join-hands-to-bolster-apprenticeship-training-ecosystem-in-india-3229355/ |date=1 September 2023 |work= Financial Express |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Steps taken by the Government to promote Skill Development & Entrepreneurship across the country |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1985235 |date=11 December 2023|work=Press Information Bureau |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>
* Social Inclusion: To facilitate easy access to various social welfare schemes and services.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSC, ONDC join hands to promote social inclusion by taking e-commerce to rural India |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/india-signs-mou-to-interlink-upi-with-uaes-instant-payment-platform-aani/107674568 |date=14 February 2024 |work=Economic Times|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

==Services==
CSCs offer a diverse range of services, broadly categorized into five main areas:

'''1. [[e-Governance|e-Governance Services]]:'''<ref>{{cite news |title=e-Gov services on a growth path in South India; Andhra Pradesh, CSC India to expand G2C network |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/e-gov-services-on-a-growth-path-in-south-india-andhra-pradesh-csc-india-to-expand-g2c-network/76828110 |date=4 May 2022 |work=Economic Times |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

*[[Aadhaar]]: Services related to Aadhaar enrollment, updates, and biometric authentication.

*[[Permanent account number|PAN Card]]: Application for new PAN cards and updates.

*[[Ration card (India)|Ration Card]]: Application and updates for ration cards.

*Certificates: Issuance of [[birth certificate|birth]], [[death certificate|death]], and [[marriage certificate]]s.

*Other Services: Voter ID, driving license applications, and more.

'''2. [[Financial services|Financial Services]]:'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Inclusion |url=https://jaankari.csccloud.in/financial-main.html |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

*[[Retail banking|Banking Services]]: Opening Jan Dhan accounts, deposits, withdrawals, and mini statements.

*[[Insurance]]: Life insurance, health insurance, and vehicle insurance.

*[[Social pension|Pension Schemes]]: Atal Pension Yojana, National Pension System (NPS).

*[[Loan servicing|Loan Services]]: Loan applications and EMI payments.

'''3. [[For-profit education|Education]]:'''<ref>{{cite news |title=Educational Services |url=https://jaankari.csccloud.in/education-main.html |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

*[[Distance education|Online Education]]: Various courses and certification programs.

*[[Exam|Competitive Exam Preparation]]: Courses for SSC, banking, railway exams, etc.

*[[Scholarship|Scholarship Applications]]: Applications for various government and private scholarships.

*[[Skill|Skill Development]]: Various skill development programs.

'''4. [[Healthcare|Healthcare Services]]:'''<ref>{{cite news |title=Glocal healthcare & CSC eGov join hands to take telemedicine to rural India in a big way. |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/glocal-healthcare-csc-egov-join-hands-to-take-telemedicine-to-rural-india-in-a-big-way/articleshow/56833068.cms |date=28 January 2017 |work= The Economic Times |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

*[[Telemedicine]]: Online consultations with doctors.

*[[Health Insurance]]: Applications for health insurance schemes.

*[[Health informatics|Health Information]]: Information on various health schemes and services.

'''5. Other Services:'''

*[[Invoice|Bill Payments]]: Payment of electricity, water, gas, and telephone bills.

*Recharge Services: [[Prepaid mobile phone|Mobile]] and [[Direct-to-home television in India|DTH]] recharges.

*[[Electronic ticket|Ticket Booking]]: Booking railway, bus, and air tickets.

*[[E-commerce]]: Online shopping and home delivery.

==Management==

CSCs are operated by village-level entrepreneurs (VLEs).<ref>{{cite news |title=e-Shram Portal: VLEs should not charge money for registration; non-compliance may result in blocking of CSC VLE ID |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/personal-finance/news-e-shram-portal-vles-should-not-charge-money-for-registration-non-compliance-may-result-in-blocking-of-csc-vle-id-168209 |date=19 October 2021 |work= Zee Business|access-date= 21 October 2024}}</ref> VLEs are [[Entrepreneur|local entrepreneurs]] who manage these centres and provide services to the citizens. They are trained and supported by the CSC Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), ensuring that they can deliver services effectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=Village Level Entrepreneurs to Play Key Role in Digital India |url=https://www.isb.edu/en/news-events/news-grid/village-level-entrepreneurs-to-play-key-role-in-digital-india.html |date=6 May 2020|work=Indian School of Business(ISB) |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

'''Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs) – '''

VLEs are the backbone of the CSC ecosystem. They are responsible for running the CSCs, engaging with the community, and ensuring that the services are accessible to all. VLEs undergo rigorous training to understand the various services offered, how to use the digital platforms, and customer service skills.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSC to Play Major Role in The Making of New India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/csc-to-play-major-role-in-the-making-of-new-india-117082201108_1.html |date=22 August 2017|work=Business Standard |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

'''Special Purpose Vehicle (SPVs) – '''

The CSC SPV is a company incorporated under the [[Companies Act 1956]] to oversee the implementation of CSCs across the country. It provides the necessary support, infrastructure, and training to VLEs, ensuring the smooth operation of CSCs.

==Difference between government scheme and CSCs==

The Common Service Center (CSC) Scheme and the CSC Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) Company serve different roles within the [[Digital India|Digital India initiative]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Influence of Common Service Centers & ‘Digital India’ Initiative |url=https://businessworld.in/article/the-influence-of-common-service-centers-%E2%80%98digital-india%E2%80%99-initiative-184992 |date=29 February 2020 |work= BW Business World |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref> The CSC Scheme is a government program aimed at providing digital access points for delivering various government and non-government services, especially in rural and remote areas. Its primary objectives include promoting digital inclusion, enhancing service delivery, and fostering economic development through local entrepreneurship via Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs). These centres offer a range of services, including e-Governance, financial, educational, and healthcare services.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSC Forum helps bridge India's digital divide |url= https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/csc-forum-helps-bridge-india-s-digital-divide-116072701222_1.html|date=27 July 2016 |work=Business Standard |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

In contrast, the CSC SPV is a corporate entity established under the Companies Act, 1956, to implement and manage the CSC Scheme. The SPV's responsibilities include overseeing the effective operation of CSCs, ensuring quality service delivery, and providing continuous support and training to VLEs. It coordinates between stakeholders, manages infrastructure, monitors performance, and facilitates the scheme's expansion.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSC SPV launches agri services e-marketplace |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-india/csc-spv-launches-agri-services-e-marketplace/83104674 |date=31 May 2021 |work= Economic Times |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

While the CSC Scheme focuses on what services are provided and their impact on citizens, the CSC SPV concentrates on how these services are delivered, including logistics and operational management. Together, they aim to bridge the digital divide, promote economic and social inclusion, and drive rural development in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=CSC e-Governance Services plans to recruit 20 lakh people at CSCs by this year : official |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/csc-e-governance-services-plans-to-recruit-20-lakh-people-at-cscs-this-year-official/articleshow/77005897.cms |date=16 July 2020 |work=Economics Times of India |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

==Difference between Panchayat Sahayak and CSCs==

The roles of Panchayat Sahayak and Common Service Centres (CSCs) are integral to [[rural development]] and governance in India, yet they serve distinct functions and objectives. Both entities contribute to the empowerment and efficient administration of rural areas, but their areas of focus and methods of operation differ significantly.

Panchayat Sahayaks are support staff appointed to assist Panchayats, which are local village councils responsible for grassroots-level administration and development. The primary role of a Panchayat Sahayak is to aid in the administrative and developmental tasks of the Panchayat. This includes record-keeping, documentation, and the implementation of various government schemes at the village level. Panchayat Sahayaks ensure that the administrative machinery of the Panchayat functions smoothly and that government initiatives effectively reach the local population. They assist in the preparation of development plans, maintain records of village properties, schemes, and beneficiaries, and help with the execution of government schemes related to infrastructure, health, education, and other developmental areas. Their goal is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of panchayats in governance and development activities, thereby ensuring that local governance is responsive to the needs of the village community.

In contrast, Common Service Centers (CSCs) are digital access points established under the Digital India initiative. CSCs aim to provide a wide range of government and non-government services to citizens, particularly in rural and remote areas. Managed by Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs), these centers serve as a bridge between the government and the rural populace, offering services that promote digital inclusion and economic development. The primary objective of CSCs is to bridge the digital divide by providing e-governance services, financial services, healthcare, education, and more to underserved populations. They promote digital literacy and economic development by enabling access to essential services. CSCs offer a broad spectrum of services, including Aadhaar and PAN card services, issuance of birth and death certificates, banking and insurance services, online education, telemedicine consultations, bill payments, and e-commerce. By making these services accessible locally, CSCs save time and costs for rural citizens and contribute to the overall goal of digital empowerment.

The key differences between Panchayat Sahayaks and CSCs lie in their functionality, objectives, scope of services, and operational models. Functionally, Panchayat Sahayaks are focused on local governance and administrative support within the Panchayat system. They work closely with the Panchayat to ensure the smooth implementation of development projects and the proper maintenance of records. Their role is primarily administrative and supportive, ensuring that the local governance mechanisms operate efficiently.

On the other hand, CSCs are designed to provide a wide range of digital and financial services to the community. They are not confined to administrative tasks but extend their services to include various aspects of digital inclusion and economic development. The objective of Panchayat Sahayaks is to enhance the administrative efficiency of Panchayats, while CSCs aim to provide digital and financial services to bridge the digital divide and promote economic development.

The scope of services provided by Panchayat Sahayaks is limited to administrative and developmental tasks specific to local governance. They assist in the execution of government schemes and the preparation of development plans, focusing on the specific needs and projects of the Panchayat they serve. In contrast, CSCs offer a broad spectrum of services that span e-governance, financial services, healthcare, education, and more. This wide range of services makes CSCs a crucial element in promoting digital literacy and economic empowerment in rural areas.

The operational model also differs significantly between the two. Panchayat Sahayaks work within the Panchayat system as support staff, directly assisting the local governance structures. They are typically appointed by the government and are part of the administrative setup of the Panchayat. In contrast, CSCs are operated by local entrepreneurs known as VLEs, who manage the service centers independently. VLEs receive training and support from the CSC Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), which oversees the implementation and management of the CSC scheme.

Common Service Centers (CSCs) and Panchayat Sahayaks play different roles in rural development and governance in India, and their qualifications and methods of appointment differ significantly. CSC operators, known as Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs), are generally more educated, often holding postgraduate degrees or higher qualifications. In contrast, Panchayat Sahayaks are typically appointed with a minimum qualification of 10th pass. This difference in educational qualifications means that CSC operators tend to have a better understanding and capability to manage digital services and other responsibilities.

Panchayat Sahayaks are appointed with the approval of Gram Pradhans (village heads), making their selection process more localized and often influenced by local governance structures. On the other hand, CSC operators are chosen based on their qualifications and ability to manage and operate the service centers effectively. This merit-based selection ensures that CSCs are run by capable individuals who can provide a wide range of services efficiently.

CSCs have been in operation for almost 20 years and have gained significant experience in providing various e-governance, financial, educational, and healthcare services to rural communities. This long-standing experience has enabled CSCs to become a crucial part of the Digital India initiative, bridging the digital divide and promoting economic development in rural areas. Conversely, Panchayat Sahayaks are often viewed as less effective, with some criticism suggesting they do not always perform their duties efficiently. This perception of ineffectiveness contrasts sharply with the professionalism and efficiency generally associated with CSC operators.

In summary, while both Panchayat Sahayaks and CSCs play vital roles in rural development and governance, their functions, objectives, and operational models differ significantly. Panchayat Sahayaks focus on administrative support within the Panchayat system, ensuring efficient local governance. In contrast, CSCs provide a wide range of digital and financial services, promoting digital inclusion and economic development in rural areas. Together, they contribute to the overall goal of empowering rural communities and enhancing the effectiveness of rural governance and development initiatives. Both Panchayat Sahayaks and CSCs are important to rural governance; CSCs are generally managed by more educated and qualified individuals with significant experience, leading to more effective service delivery.

==Digital literacy==

One of the significant aspects of CSCs is promoting digital literacy among rural citizens. Programs like the [[Digital India|Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA)]] aim to make six crore rural households digitally literate. Through these programs, citizens are educated on the basics of computers, internet usage, and how to access various digital services.<ref>{{cite news |title= 47.8 million rural citizens certified as digitally literate under PMGDISHA: Govt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/478-million-rural-citizens-certified-as-digitally-literate-under-pmgdisha-govt-101721835667293.html|date=24 July 2024 |work= Hindustan Times|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

==Impact and benefits==

CSCs have had a substantial impact on various fronts:<ref>{{cite news |title=Impact Assessment of Common Service Centres 2.0 Scheme |url=https://www.isb.edu/en/research-thought-leadership/research-centres-institutes/srini-raju-centre-for-it-and-the-networked-economy/research-/bridging-the-digital-divide/impact-assessment-of-common-service-centres-2-0-scheme.html |work= Indian School of Business (ISB) |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

'''1. Access to Services:''' CSCs provide easy and affordable access to a wide range of services, reducing the need for citizens to travel long distances to government offices.

'''2. Time and Cost Savings:''' By offering services locally, CSCs save time and money for rural citizens.

'''3. Employment Generation:''' VLEs create employment opportunities in rural areas.

'''4. Digital Inclusion:''' CSCs contribute significantly to the goals of Digital India by promoting digital literacy and inclusion.

'''5. Economic Development:''' Access to financial services through CSCs promotes economic inclusion and rural economic growth.

==Challenges and future prospects==

While CSCs have been successful in many areas, they face several challenges:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahemdabad, India |first=Indian Institute of Management |date=3 February 2011 |title=Status of Common Service Center Program in India: Issues, Challenges and Emerging Practices for Rollout |url=https://core.ac.uk/reader/6455060 |access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>

'''1. Infrastructure Issues:''' Poor internet connectivity and unreliable power supply in rural areas.

'''2. Training and Support:''' Need for continuous training and technical support for VLEs.

'''3. Awareness:''' Lack of awareness among citizens about the services available at CSCs.

To address these challenges, the government and CSC SPV are working on various fronts. Future plans include:

'''1. Improving Infrastructure:''' Enhancing internet connectivity and power supply in rural areas.

'''2. Expanding Services:''' Introducing more services and making them accessible to a larger population.

'''3. Enhancing Training Programs:''' Providing ongoing training and support to VLEs.

'''4. Raising Awareness:''' Conducting awareness campaigns to inform citizens about the services available at CSCs.

==Problems==

The introduction of Panchayat Sahayaks by the government has been seen as an injustice to Common Service Centres (CSCs). CSC operators, known as Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs), do not receive a fixed salary for their services. Instead, they earn commissions based on the transactions and services they provide. This lack of a stable income contrasts sharply with Panchayat Sahayaks, who receive a fixed monthly salary of 6,000 rupees.

Furthermore, there are concerns about corruption among Panchayat Sahayaks. Reports suggest that some Panchayat Sahayaks engage in corrupt practices, misusing their positions for personal gain. This not only undermines the trust of the villagers but also hampers the effectiveness of local governance. In contrast, CSC operators, who rely on their efficiency and service quality to earn their livelihood, tend to operate with higher levels of transparency and accountability.

The experience and qualifications of CSC operators make them well-suited to deliver a wide range of digital services, promoting digital inclusion and economic development in rural areas. Despite this, the lack of a fixed income poses a significant challenge, especially when compared to the fixed salary and perceived inefficiencies of Panchayat Sahayaks.

The disparity in income and the issues of corruption among Panchayat Sahayaks highlight the need for a more balanced and fair approach to rural service delivery. Recognising the valuable role of CSCs and providing them with better support and remuneration could enhance their effectiveness and ensure more equitable service delivery in rural areas.

==Conclusion==

Common Service Centres (CSCs) are an integral part of India’s digital transformation journey. By providing a wide range of services to rural and remote areas, they play a critical role in bridging the digital divide, promoting economic and social inclusion, and driving rural development. The success of CSCs lies in their ability to deliver services efficiently and effectively, ensuring that no citizen is left behind in the digital era. With continued support and enhancements, CSCs have the potential to further revolutionise service delivery in India, making government services more accessible and inclusive.

==See also==

* [[Common Service Centres]]
* [[India Portal]]
* [[Digital India]]
* [[Internet in India]]
* [[Telecommunications in India]]
* [[Mobile telephone numbering in India]]
* [[List of mobile phone brands by country]]
* [[List of countries by Internet connection speeds]]
* [[List of countries by smartphone penetration]]
* [[Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India]]
* [[National e-Governance Plan]]
* [[Standup India]]
* [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)}}

[[Category:Digital India initiatives]]

Aaliyah Qureishi

2026-02-18T19:21:22Z

Tanjerul Islam: Creating Bio!

{{Short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
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| birth_place =
| origin =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| death_place =
| genre = [[Indie pop]]
| occupation = Singer-songwriter, actor, lyricist
| instrument =
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| website =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}
'''Aaliyah Qureishi''' is an Indian singer-songwriter and actress. She made her [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] debut with the 2023 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Action film|action thriller film]] [[Jawan (film)|''Jawan'']] co-written and directed by [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]], she later portrayed the character of Sahira in the 2025 Netflix film [[Naadaniyan]] starring Ibrahim Ali Khan and Khushi Kapoor. She has also appeared in television series such as ''[[Bandish Bandits]]'' and ''[[Eternally Confused and Eager for Love]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/jawan-girl-aaliyah-qureishi-returns-with-a-musical-twist-in-bandish-bandits-season-2-1843712|title= 'Jawan' Girl Aaliyah Qureishi Returns with a Musical Twist in Bandish Bandits Season 2! |website= [[Deccan Chronicle]]|date= 3 December 2024|access-date= February 5, 2025}}</ref>

==Career==
In addition to acting, Qureishi is also known by her music alias "Jhalli" ({{Lit|Crazy}}). She released her first single "Pretty" in 2018 and has since produced several tracks including "Mukaddar" (2022), "Paraye" (2023), and "Don't Come Back" (2023). Her debut [[Extended play|EP]] titled ''Why Should I?'' was released in 2022. She composed the song "You and I" for the television series ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''.<ref name=RS>{{Cite magazine|url= https://rollingstoneindia.com/how-jhallis-grandmother-inspired-her-to-write-her-debut-ep-why-should-i/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|title=How Jhalli's Grandmother Inspired Her to Write Her Debut EP 'Why Should I?'|date= 27 April 2022|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025|last1= Britto|first1= David}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/aaliyah-qureishi-bandish-bandits-music-breaking-stereotypes-exclusive-interview-9172642.html|title= Aaliyah Qureishi Talks Bandish Bandits, Music And Breaking Stereotypes: 'Art Should Disturb The Comforted And Comfort the Disturbed'|website= [[News18 India]]|date= 30 December 2024|access-date= February 5, 2025}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work !! Result !! Ref.
|-
| 2025|| [[IIFA Digital Awards]] || Best Supporting Actress – Series || rowspan="2" | ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''|| {{Nom}} ||<ref>{{cite web |title=NEXA IIFA Awards|url=https://www.iifa.com/iifa-2025|website=IIFA|date=30 Nov 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2025|| [[Times of India Film Awards]] ||Debut Actor of the Year – Web Series with exceptional talent||{{Nom}} ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominations 2025|url=https://toifa.in/nominations/films2025.html|website=TOIFA|date=30 Nov 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Discography==

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#cfc;"
! Year
! Track
! Genre
! Language
! Reference
|-
| 2018
| "Pretty"
| rowspan="3" | [[Indie Rock|Indie rock]]
| rowspan="9" | English
|
|-
| 2020
| "Marceline"
|
|-
| 2020
| "I Want to Be Free"
|<ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2022
| "Dream Girl"
| rowspan="9" | [[Pop music|Pop]]
| <ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2022
| "stupid games"
| <ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2022
| "let me be ur girl"
|<ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2022
| "Why Should I (Interlude)"
|<ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2022
| "HURRICANE"
|<ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2022
| "insecurity"
|<ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2022
| "Mukaddar"
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|<ref name="RS" />
|-
| 2023
| "Paraye"
|
|-
| 2023
| "Don't Come Back"
| English
|
|-
|2024
|"[[Bandish Bandits#Soundtrack|You and I]]"
|
|English
|
|}

== Filmography ==

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#cfc;
! Year
! Web series
! Role
! Language
! Reference
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Eternally Confused and Eager for Love]]''
| Jia
| [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Bandish Bandits]]''
| Ananya
| Hindi
|
|}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#cfc;
! Year
! Films
! Role
! Language
! Reference
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''
| Janvi
|rowspan=2|[[Hindi]]
|<ref name="i">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jawan-actor-aaliyah-qureishi-tickets-film-vijay-sethupathi-acting-coach-8937035/|title= Jawan actor Aaliyah Qureishi couldn't get tickets for her own film, reveals Vijay Sethupathi had an acting coach on set|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date= 12 September 2023|access-date=February 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Nadaaniyan]]''
|Sahira
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{iTunes | us/artist/1582882075}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qureishi, Aaliyah}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Hindi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Hindi-language singers]]

{{India-screen-actor-stub}}
{{India-singer-stub}}

Vidyashree Jayaram

2026-02-12T03:26:11Z

Tanjerul Islam: Starting a details added tags

{{Short description|Indian television actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vidyashree Jayaram
| image =
| caption =
| birthname =
| birth_date = 9 January 1997
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actress
| education =
| known for = ''[[Kavyanjali (Kannada TV series)|Kavyanjali]]''
| height =
| years active = 2019{{endash}}present
| spouse =
| parents =
| relatives =
}}

'''Vidyashree Jayaram''' is an Indian television actress who predominantly works in the [[Kannada]] industry. She is well known for her role as Kavya in the [[Kannada]] soap opera, ''[[Kavyanjali (Kannada TV series)|Kavyanjali]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kavyanjali-completes-a-milestone-100-episodes/articleshow/79589621.cms|title=Kavyanjali completes a milestone 100 episodes|work=The Times of India|date=6 December 2020|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-kavyanjali-successfully-completes-one-year/articleshow/85028731.cms|title=Daily soap Kavyanjali successfully completes one year|work=The Times of India|date=4 August 2021|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-kavyanjali-completes-400-episodes/articleshow/87841693.cms|title=Daily soap Kavyanjali completes 400 episodes|work=The Times of India|date=22 November 2021|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>

==Career==

Vidyashree began her career with [[Colors Kannada]]'s dance reality show ''Thakadhimitha''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/it-is-important-for-dance-partners-to-understand-each-other-says-takadhimitha-celebrity-contestant-rajesh-dhruva/articleshow/68074001.cms|title=It is important for dance partners to understand each other, says Takadhimitha celebrity contestant Rajesh Dhruva|work=The Times of India|date=22 February 2019|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>

She made her acting debut in 2019 with [[Star Suvarna]]'s ''Varalakshmi Stores''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/vidhyashree-jayaram-bags-the-lead-role-in-kavyanjali/articleshow/76910348.cms|title=Vidhyashree Jayaram bags the lead role in Kavyanjali|work=The Times of India|date=11 July 2020|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> She starred as Kavya in [[Udaya TV]]'s ''[[Kavyanjali (Kannada TV series)|Kavyanjali]]'' from 2020 to 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kavyanjanli-is-udaya-tvs-new-fiction/article32212139.ece|title='Kavyanjanli' is Udaya TV's new fiction |work=The Hindu|date=28 July 2020|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/daily-soap-kavyanjali-goes-off-air/articleshow/89741762.cms|title=Daily soap Kavyanjali goes off-air|work=The Times of India|date=22 February 2022|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> Since March 2022, she is reprising her role of Kavya in Kavyanjali's [[Malayalam]] remake ''[[Manassinakkare (2021 TV series)|Manassinakkare]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/arathi-and-vishnu-opens-up-about-why-they-quit-manassinakkare-serial-in-surya-tv/articlecontent-pf209811-079451.html|title=മനസ്സിനക്കരെ പരമ്പരയില്‍ നിന്ന് നായികയും നായകനും പിന്‍മാറി, കാരണം വെളിപ്പെടുത്തി ആരതിയും വിഷ്ണുവും|work=Filmibeat|language=ml|date=2 March 2022|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>

From July 2022, she is playing the lead role in Star Suvarna's ''Ardhangi''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannada.filmibeat.com/tv/serial-actress-vidyashree-jayaram-comeback-to-kannada-small-screen-059702.html|title=ಮತ್ತೆ ಕನ್ನಡಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದ ನಟಿ ವಿದ್ಯಾಶ್ರೀ ಜಯರಾಮ್!|work=Filmibeat|language=kannada|date=25 July 2022|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Television===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
! Channel
! Language
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
| ''Thakadhimitha''
| Contestant
| [[Colors Kannada]]
| rowspan="5"| [[Kannada]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/takadhimitha-rajesh-dhruva-and-vidhyashree-jayaram-get-evicted/articleshow/69202411.cms|title=Takadhimitha: Rajesh Dhruva and Vidhyashree Jayaram get evicted|work=The Times of India|date=6 May 2019|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Varalakshmi Stores''
| Ramya
| [[Star Suvarna]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/takadhimitha-fame-vidhyashree-jayaram-lands-a-prominent-role-in-varalakshmi-stores/articleshow/70156516.cms|title=Takadhimitha fame Vidhyashree Jayaram lands a prominent role in Varalakshmi stores|work=The Times of India|date=10 July 2019|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2020{{endash}}2022
| ''[[Kavyanjali (Kannada TV series)|Kavyanjali]]''
| Rowspan="3"|Kavya Siddarth Arus
| Rowspan=3|[[Udaya TV]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/new-show-kavyanjali-2-to-premiere-on-august-3/articleshow/77163237.cms|title=New show Kavyanjali 2 to premiere on August 3|work=The Times of India|date=25 July 2020|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2020–2021
| ''[[Manasaare (TV series)|Manasaare]]''
| Rowspan=2|Guest appearance

| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/special-combined-episodes-of-tv-shows-kavyanjali-manasare-to-be-aired-from-monday/articleshow/77948229.cms|title=Special combined episodes of TV shows Kavyanjali, Manasare to be aired from Monday|work=The Times of India|date=5 September 2020|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Yaarivalu''

| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/watch-yaarivalu-kavyanjali-special-episodes-this-weekend/articleshow/78762010.cms|title=Team Manasaare shoots for Prarthana-Yuva's wedding episodes|work=The Times of India|date=12 April 2021|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-

| rowspan="4"| 2022
| ''[[Manassinakkare (2021 TV series)|Manassinakkare]]''
| Kavya Aadharsh
| [[Surya TV]]
| [[Malayalam]]
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kavyanjali-actress-vishyashree-jayaram-forays-into-malayalam-television/articleshow/89918070.cms|title=Kavyanjali actress Vidhyashree Jayaram forays into Malayalam television|work=The Times of India|date=1 March 2022|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ardhangi''
| Aditi
| Star Suvarna
| Rowspan=2|Kannada
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kavyanjali-actress-vidhyashree-jayaram-returns-to-kannada-television-with-ardhangi/articleshow/93027099.cms|title=Kavyanjali actress Vidhyashree Jayaram returns to Kannada television with Ardhangi|work=The Times of India|date=21 July 2022|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Madhumagalu''
|Rowspan="2"|Kavya
|udaya TV
|
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kavyanjali-actress-vidhyashree-jayaram-to-play-a-cameo-in-new-daily-soap-madhumagalu/articleshow/90418634.cms|title=Kavyanjali actress Vidhyashree Jayaram to play a cameo in new daily soap Madhumagalu|work=The Times of India|date=24 March 2022|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]''
| [[Surya TV]]
| [[Malayalam]]
| Cameo in promo
| <ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXJo8wDo4Lw&list=PL0u6psZycCU61m-H1IxAuDVPEY5ThEYV6&index=11|title=The Support System of Bhavana {{!}} Bhavana {{!}} Surya TV Serial {{!}} Stephy Leon {{!}} Rayjan Rajan|publisher=[[Surya TV]]|date=24 June 2022|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|12593473}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaram, Vidyashree}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:1997 births]]

Mohan Babu

2026-02-05T00:36:32Z

Tanjerul Islam: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description |Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohan Babu
| image = Mohan_Babu_Manchu.jpg
| caption = Mohan Babu in 2024
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 18 April 1995
| term_end = 2 April 2000
| predecessor = Majji Tulasi Das
| successor = [[Vanga Geetha]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
| birthname = Manchu Bhakthavatsalam Naidu
| birth_date = {{birth_date and age|df=yes|1952|03|19}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Mohan-Babu|title=MOHAN BABU|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| birth_place = Modhugulapalem, [[Tirupati]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj]] (present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]])
| othername =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Film producer|Educationist|Businessman}}
| alma_mater = [[Madras Film Institute]] [[YMCA College of Physical Education]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Vidya Devi|||end=died}}
* Nirmala Devi
}}
| children = {{hlist|
[[Lakshmi Manchu|Lakshmi]]|[[Vishnu Manchu|Vishnu]]|[[Manchu Manoj|Manoj]]}}
| parents =
| awards =
| party =
| otherparty = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
}}

'''Manchu Bhakthavatsalam Naidu''', credited and also known as '''Mohan Babu''', is an Indian actor and film producer known for his works predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]]. An alumnus of the [[Madras Film Institute]], Mohan Babu has acted in more than 500 films in lead, supporting and other roles.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.net/mohanbabu.htm "Multifaceted Mohan Babu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501045355/http://www.cinegoer.net/mohanbabu.htm |date=1 May 2013 }}. cinegoer.net.</ref><ref>Karthik Pasupulate (4 April 2014) [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Mohan-Babu-steals-the-show-with-Rowdy/articleshow/33267794.cms "Mohan Babu steals the show with Rowdy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408063315/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Mohan-Babu-steals-the-show-with-Rowdy/articleshow/33267794.cms |date=8 April 2014 }}. ''The Times of India''.</ref><ref>[http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajinikanth-comforts-mohan-babu-after-death-of-his-father/373807-71-180.html "Rajinikanth comforts Mohan Babu after death of his father"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225071708/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajinikanth-comforts-mohan-babu-after-death-of-his-father/373807-71-180.html |date=25 February 2013 }}. CNN-IBN. 19 February 2013</ref>

In 1995, he received [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] for his work in the multi-starrer ''[[Pedarayudu]]'', which also starred [[Rajinikanth]] in a pivotal role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmfare.com/site/nov96/faward.htm |title=Filmfare Awards |access-date=2015-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991010171143/http://www.filmfare.com/site/nov96/faward.htm |archive-date=10 October 1999 |df=dmy-all}}. Retrieved 3 February 2013.</ref> In 2007, he received the [[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for his work in ''[[Yamadonga]]''.<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/cinemaa-awards2008.html "Cinemaa awards 2008 presentation – Telugu cinema"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702230006/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/cinemaa-awards2008.html |date=2 July 2015 }}. idlebrain.com.</ref> Mohan Babu received an honorary doctorate from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] for his contribution to the field of cinema and education.<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/bio-data/bio-mohanbabu.html "Telugu Cinema Celebrity Bio Data – Collection King Mohan Babu – Idlebrain.com"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104114653/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/bio-data/bio-mohanbabu.html |date=4 November 2013 }}. idlebrain.com.</ref> He is the co-owner of [[production companies]] such as [[Sree Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures]], [[24 Frames Factory]] and [[Manchu Entertainment]].<ref>[http://www.mtv.com/artists/mohan-babu/biography/ "Mohan Babu Bio | Mohan Babu Career"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123231/http://www.mtv.com/artists/mohan-babu/biography/ |date=13 April 2014 }}. ''MTV Artists''.</ref> In 2017, he garnered the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Mohan-Babu-wins-the-Life-Time-Achievement-at-the-63rd-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-South-2016/articleshow/52812615.cms |title=Mohan Babu wins the Life Time Achievement at the 63rd Britannia Filmfare Awards South 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=20 June 2016 |archive-date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624142828/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Mohan-Babu-wins-the-Life-Time-Achievement-at-the-63rd-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-South-2016/articleshow/52812615.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, he received the "Special Appreciation Award" for completing "forty years in cinema" at the [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/siima-awards-2017-nominations-announced-news-malayalam-rgbjE9ecgbbif.html |title=SIIMA awards 2017 nominations announced |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=6 September 2017 |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906183224/http://www.sify.com/movies/siima-awards-2017-nominations-announced-news-malayalam-rgbjE9ecgbbif.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

A former [[physical education instructor]], Mohan Babu is an educator and operates Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Institutions. He is the founder of [[Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust]]. In January 2022, Mohan Babu announced the [https://www.mbu.asia/ Mohan Babu University] would be named after himself in Tirupati at Sree Vidyanikethan Sree Sainath Nagar, formerly known as Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Institutions and he is the chancellor of the university.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 January 2022 |title=Telugu actor Mohan Babu announces university in Tirupati named after him |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/jan/13/telugu-actor-mohan-babu-announces-university-in-tirupati-named-after-him-2406407.html |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref> In 2007, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] for his contribution to film art.<ref name="gulte.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.gulte.com/movienews/41000/No-Issues-With-Padma-Shri-Mohan-Babu |title=No Issues With 'Padma Shri' Mohan Babu |work=Gulte |date=3 August 2015 |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009144311/http://www.gulte.com/movienews/41000/No-Issues-With-Padma-Shri-Mohan-Babu |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mohan Babu was born to Manchu Narayanaswamy Naidu and Manchu Lakshmamma<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maastars.com/mohan-babu-profile |title=Mohan Babu was born to Narayanaswamy Naidu and Lakshmamma |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183033/http://www.maastars.com/mohan-babu-profile |url-status=live}}</ref> in the Modhugulapalem village near [[Tirupati]].

==Career==
Mohan Babu began his career as a [[Physical education instructor]] at the YMCA college<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tollywoodcelebrities.com/2017/09/mohana-babu-biography-family-wife.html |title=Began his career as a Physical education instructor at the YMCA college |publisher=Tollywood Celebrities |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009145706/http://www.tollywoodcelebrities.com/2017/09/mohana-babu-biography-family-wife.html |url-status=live}}</ref> of physical education for many years.

During this time, Mohan Babu was introduced to [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] who was then a script writer in Telugu cinema. This would pan out to become the most significant event of his career. Mohan Babu's first major breakthrough as an actor came with the 1975 film ''Swargam Narakam'', directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]]. Dasari cast him as a villain in the movie and went on to achieve great success. It was after this movie that his birth name Bakthavatsalam Naidu was changed to Mohan Babu. After appearing in many films as a comedy-villain, he proceeded to star as the leading actor in ''Khaidi Kalidasu'', ''Ketugadu'', ''[[Gruha Pravesam (1982 film)|Gruha Pravesam]]'', ''[[Assembly Rowdy]]'', ''[[Allari Mogudu]]'' and many more. He appeared in a few Tamil films starring [[Sivaji Ganesan]].<ref>[https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/features/2018/best-of-2018-bollywood-supporting-actor-vote-280808.html Manchu Manoj Kumar: Actor Son] . Entertainment.oneindia.in (28 August 2008). Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref>

In 1978, he appeared in ''[[Sivaranjani (1978 film)|Sivaranjani]]''. The movie heralded the 'villain' and also came out with many of the mannerisms. He had an outstanding mentor in the form of [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], who guided him in the right direction and gave him the initial foundation substratum he required to do well. Mohan Babu followed this success by portraying a variety of roles in his next films such as ''Simha Garjana'' (1978),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/simha-garjana-28124/cast-crew |title=Simha Garjana Cast & Crew |publisher=Cinestaan |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009145209/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/simha-garjana-28124/cast-crew |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Simha Baludu]]'' (1978), ''[[Rama Krishnulu]]'' (1978), ''[[Padaharella Vayasu]]'' (1978), ''Nayudu Bava'' (1978), ''Shokilla Rayudu'' (1979) and ''[[Ravanude Ramudayithe?]]'' (1979). His roles in ''[[Patnam Vachina Pativrathalu]]'' (1982), ''Billa Ranga'' (1978), ''Dharma Poratam'' (1983), ''Padmavyooham'' (1984), ''Bhale Ramudu'' (1984) and ''Sanchalanam'' (1985), showed a diverse range, despite often playing the villain.

In October 2020, his film ''[[Son of India (2021 film)|Son of India]]'' directed by [[Diamond Ratnababu]] was launched and was produced by [[Vishnu Manchu]]. Mohan Babu has penned screenplay for the film. The film was released in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mohan-babu-film-son-of-india-goes-on-floors-at-his-hyderabad-home-1734369-2020-10-23 |title=Mohan Babu film Son of India goes on floors at his Hyderabad home |first1=Logesh |last1=Balachandran |date=October 23, 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref>

Though not announced officially, Mohan Babu declared that his next films would be mythological film ''Ravana Brahma''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mohan-babu-as-ravana-in-new-ramayana/20110826.htm |title=Mohan Babu to play Ravana in new Ramayana |publisher=Rediff |access-date=23 July 2018 |archive-date=23 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723122624/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mohan-babu-as-ravana-in-new-ramayana/20110826.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> and historical film ''Kannappa''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gulte.com/movienews/47912/Big-Families-Fight-For-Kannappa |title=Big Families Fight for Kannappa |publisher=Gulte |date=21 March 2016 |access-date=23 July 2018 |archive-date=23 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723093214/http://www.gulte.com/movienews/47912/Big-Families-Fight-For-Kannappa |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/movie-news/bhakta-kannappa-not-happening-75581.html |title=Bhakta Kannappa not happening |publisher=Greatandhra |date=5 July 2016 |access-date=23 July 2018 |archive-date=23 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723093412/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/movie-news/bhakta-kannappa-not-happening-75581.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Where has Mohan Babu and [[Vishnu Manchu]] are teaming up to produce the [[Kannappa (film)|Kannappa]] film which was announced on 18 August 2023 with a 200 crore budget.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannappa box office target: How much does Vishnu Manchu, Prabhas' Telugu drama need to earn in India to be a hit? |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannappa-box-office-target-how-much-does-vishnu-manchu-prabhas-telugu-drama-need-to-earn-in-india-to-be-a-hit/articleshow/122756233.html |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=Indiatimes |language=en}}</ref> Following their attendance at the premiere of ''[[Horizon: An American Saga]]'' at [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes 2024]], Mohan Babu, accompanied by his son Vishnu Manchu, daughter-in-law Viranica Manchu, [[Prabhu Deva]], and the 'Kannappa' team, presented a teaser of their film, garnering warm applause from the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-20 |title=Cannes 2024: Vishnu Manchu shines on red carpet; 'Kannappa' team attends 'Horizon: An American Saga' premiere|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cannes-2024-vishnu-manchu-shines-on-red-carpet-kannappa-team-attends-horizon-an-american-saga-premiere/article68196494.ece|website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

In Dec 2025, Mohan Babu marked his 50th year in the film industry by hosting a celebration titled ''MB50'', which was attended by prominent figures from the cinema and political spheres.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohan Babu marks five decades in films as Rajinikanth, Jackie Shroff and top stars join the grand MB50 celebration : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/mohan-babu-marks-five-decades-films-rajinikanth-jackie-shroff-top-stars-join-grand-mb50-celebration/|date=2025-11-25|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama}}</ref>

==Producer==

As an ardent admirer of [[N. T. Rama Rao|N.T. Rama Rao]], in 1993, Mohan Babu produced ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'', starring N.T. Rama Rao and himself . The movie was directed by [[Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao|K. Raghavendra Rao]], and went on to become a major blockbuster. The movie also celebrated its silver jubilee and stands as the last movie in N.T. Rama Rao's film career.<ref>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/92990.html 'Major Chandrakanth' completes 20 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219170157/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/92990.html |date=19 December 2013 }}. indiaglitz.com. 23 April 2013</ref>

In his career spanning over 48 years, Mohan Babu has produced around 40 movies, with most of them turning out to be successful. He produced [[Kannappa (film)|Kannappa]] movie, which bombed at the box office.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

==Contributions to education==

Mohan Babu established the [[Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust]] in 1993. Today, Sree Vidyanikethan runs the Sree Vidyanikethan International School, Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, [[Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy]], [[Sree Vidyanikethan College of Nursing]] and Sree Vidyanikethan Institute of Management.

Mohan Babu established university in Tirupati named after him [[Mohan Babu University]] in January 2022, encompasses the educational institutions hitherto managed by the actor under the [[Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust]](SVET) which he had established in 1993, and he is the founder and chancellor of the university.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tollywood actor Mohan Babu announces university named after him |work=[[India TV]] |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/tollywood-actor-mohan-babu-announces-university-named-after-him-2022-01-13-754226 |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mohan Babu was married to Vidya Devi, with whom he has a daughter, [[Manchu Lakshmi Prasanna]], and a son, [[Manchu Vishnu]], who are both actors in the film industry.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/05/02/stories/2009050253040100.htm |title=Metro Plus Vijayawada : Probing what lies beyond star aura |date=2 May 2009 |access-date=13 October 2012 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=28 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028213104/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/05/02/stories/2009050253040100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baynews.in/index.php/film-news/lakshmi-manchu%E2%80%99s-gundello-godari |title=Lakshmi Manchu's Gundello Godari! | BayNews | The New Voice of Vizag |publisher=Baynews.in |date=16 April 2011 |access-date=13 October 2012 |archive-date=24 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324012924/http://www.baynews.in/index.php/film-news/lakshmi-manchu%E2%80%99s-gundello-godari |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acEgnB11Tig {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012043032/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acEgnB11Tig |date=12 October 2020 }} Lakshmi Manchu Interview</ref> After her death, he married her younger sister, Nirmala Devi,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ns1.tollywoodtimes.com/en/profiles/info/Mohan-Babu-Manchu/7869it1rpc/8bcy726l61 |title=Mohan Babu Manchu Personal life |publisher=TollywoodTImes |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009144116/http://ns1.tollywoodtimes.com/en/profiles/info/Mohan-Babu-Manchu/7869it1rpc/8bcy726l61 |url-status=live}}</ref> with whom he has a son [[Manchu Manoj]], also an actor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chitchat with Manoj |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-manchumanoj.html |work=idlebrain.com |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
*In 2007, he was awarded [[Padma Shri]] for his contribution to Film art.<ref name="gulte.com"/>
**[[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South]] (2016).<ref name="auto"/>
**[[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu)]] – ''[[Peddarayudu]]'' (1995)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mohan Babu Awards: List of awards and nominations received by Mohan Babu {{!}} Times of India Entertainment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Mohan-Babu/awards |access-date=2021-08-19 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
**National geographic award (2017) <ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/nani-and-jr-ntr-walk-away-with-top-honours-at-siima-2017/articleshow/59397205.cms |title=6th South India International Movie Awards |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=8 July 2017 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111113740/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/nani-and-jr-ntr-walk-away-with-top-honours-at-siima-2017/articleshow/59397205.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award for Best Supporting Actor]] – ''[[Yamadonga]]'' (2008)
*Honorary doctorate at the 26th convocation of the Dr. MGR University.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2017-10-02/Mohan-Babu-to-be-honoured-by-MGR-varsity-/330582 |title=Mohan Babu to be honoured by MGR varsity |date=3 October 2017 |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011170623/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-10-02/Mohan-Babu-to-be-honoured-by-MGR-varsity/330582 |url-status=live}}</ref> in Chennai, Tamil Nadu on 5 October 2017.
* TSR Kalaparishath honoured him with the title Natavachaspathi for his valuable contribution to the [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/180916/mohan-babu-honoured-at-t-subbarami-reddy-birthday-bash.html |title=Mohan Babu honoured at T Subbarami Reddy's birthday bash |date=18 September 2016 |via=DeccanChronicle |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009145704/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/180916/mohan-babu-honoured-at-t-subbarami-reddy-birthday-bash.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Glory of India International Award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://royalchowdarys.wikifoundry.com/page/Collection+King+Mohan+Babu |title=Collection King Mohan Babu: The Glory of India International Award |via=RoyalChowdarys |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320093001/http://royalchowdarys.wikifoundry.com/page/Collection+King+Mohan+Babu |url-status=live}}</ref>
*'Viswa Nata Sarvabhouma'<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/balakrishna-honour-mohan-babu-title-viswa-nata-sarvabhouma-release-gayatri-song-jai-hanuma-757264 |title='Viswa Nata Sarvabhouma' Conferred on Veteran Actor Dr. Mohan Babu |work=International Business Times |via=ibtimes.co.in |date=17 January 2018 |access-date=18 January 2018 |archive-date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118023907/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/balakrishna-honour-mohan-babu-title-viswa-nata-sarvabhouma-release-gayatri-song-jai-hanuma-757264 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telugusquare.com/mohan-babu-awarded-viswa-nata-sarvabhouma/ |title=Mohan Babu Awarded Viswa Nata Sarvabhouma |publisher=TeluguSquare |via=telugusquare.com |access-date=18 January 2018 |archive-date=19 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119134945/http://www.telugusquare.com/mohan-babu-awarded-viswa-nata-sarvabhouma/ |url-status=live}}</ref> title at [[Shilpakala Vedika]] in Hyderabad by Former Union Minister and filmmaker [[T. Subbarami Reddy]].

===Dialogue Book===
As he completed 50 years in the film industry,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-11-21 |title=Mohan Babu: Half a Century of Cinematic Brilliance and Unwavering Legacy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/mohan-babu-half-a-century-of-cinematic-brilliance-and-unwavering-legacy-923418 |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> the actor's popular dialogues were compiled in a book, named "Dialogue King".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/91491/mohan-babu-dialogue-book-launch-in-london.aspx |title=Mohan Babu Dialogue Book Launch in London |via=Ragalahari |access-date=9 October 2017 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193940/http://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/91491/mohan-babu-dialogue-book-launch-in-london.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Main|Mohan Babu filmography}}

==References==
{{reflist}}<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mohan-babu-rajinikanths-pedarayudu-celebrates-25-years/article31832706.ece Mohan Babu, Rajinikanth's 'Pedarayudu' celebrates 25 years]</ref>

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm0595934}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Mohan}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:People from Chittoor district]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]

Categorization of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance

2026-01-30T03:16:56Z

Tanjerul Islam: added first bio and citations

{{Short description|Indian railways classification of stations by commercial importance}}
[[Indian Railways]] classifies its railway stations based on commercial and strategic importance under various categories in order to ascertain, plan and provide minimum essential amenities for passengers using them.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Comprehensive Instruction on Provision of Passenger Amenities |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT/ID-212.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403111049/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT/ID-212.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-03 |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> While the primary criteria for determining the importance of a station was purely based on the station revenue and earnings, it was changed in December 2017 to better cover stations with high footfalls and strategic importance as well.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Minister of Railways directs to re-categorize railway stations taking into account earnings, passenger footfall, strategic importance. |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1514446 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414025547/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1514446 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=PIB}}</ref>

== History ==
From the 1890s, basic passenger amenities like toilets, gas lamps and electric lighting were introduced in various railway stations of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline: 165 years of history on Indian Railways |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/features/timeline-165-years-history-indian-railways/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613191948/https://www.railway-technology.com/features/timeline-165-years-history-indian-railways/ |archive-date=2018-06-13 |website=Railway Technology}}</ref> However, there was no uniform criteria set for providing passenger amenities or organizing railway stations based on commercial importance. Thus after the [[independence of India]], the 1949 Railway Convention Committee recommended a development fund of {{INRConvert|3|c|lk=off|year=1949}} for providing basic amenities to passengers every year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seventh report: Standing Committee on Railways (1994-95) Tenth Lok Sabha, Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Passenger Amenities |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/56582/1/railways_10_07_1994.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118143748/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/56582/1/railways_10_07_1994.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-18 |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> In 1952, Indian Railways laid the guidelines with regards to passenger amenities like booking arrangement, waiting halls, benches, suitable lighting arrangements, drinking water, latrines, shady trees, rail level platforms of suitable length amongst others.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Passenger Amenities in Railways - Members' reference service larrdis Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi - Reference Note |url=http://164.100.47.193/Refinput/New_Reference_Notes/English/Passengers%20Amenities%20in%20Railways.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506164746/http://164.100.47.193/Refinput/New_Reference_Notes/English/Passengers%20Amenities%20in%20Railways.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-06 |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> These guidelines were revised in the year 1995 and a classification system for passenger amenities was set up based on the annual passenger earnings of a railway station.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=403 Minimum Essential Amenities, Passenger Amenities, Stations and Yards- Indian Railways |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/IRWM/worksmanualCh4_data.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311215229/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/IRWM/worksmanualCh4_data.htm |archive-date=2014-03-11 |access-date=18 October 2021 }}</ref> Stations were initially categorized into five categories namely A, B, C, D & E depending upon the earnings, which was considered to be an indicator of the passenger traffic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Perspective plan for provision of passenger amenities at stations, 1995 - Indian Railways|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT/ID_96.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403055155/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT/ID_96.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-03 }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> These categories and criterion were planned to be revised every five years from 1995 to 1996.<ref name=":3" /> In 1999, a sixth category namely F was introduced to cover all halt stations while the criteria for the other categories were revised. All suburban stations were grouped under C category to accord them higher priority while category A & B were modified to classify stations with higher passenger traffic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comprehensive instructions for Provisions of Passenger amenities at stations, 1999 ~ Indian railways|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/traffic_comm/Comm-cir-1999/CC_30_1999.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118145316/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/traffic_comm/Comm-cir-1999/CC_30_1999.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-18 }}</ref> The criteria for these categories were again revised in 2003.<ref name=":2" /> In 2007, a new category A1 was introduced to classify railway stations with annual earnings of more than ₹50 crore to ensure the provision of best amenities at the most important of railway stations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comprehensive instructions for provision of Passenger Amenities at Stations including Model Stations, 2007 ~ Indian Railways|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT/ID-212.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403111049/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT/ID-212.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-03 }}</ref>

While this classification was useful for categorizing stations with higher earnings, it didn't take into account stations with high number of footfalls like [[Kalyan Junction railway station|Kalyan]], [[Panvel railway station|Panvel]] and [[Tambaram railway station|Tambaram]] which led to them being eligible only for lower number of amenities.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=18 Jul 2018|title=Question and Answer regarding Grading of Railway Stations in Lok Sabha of India|url=http://164.100.24.220/loksabhaquestions/annex/15/AU116.pdf|access-date=26 Sep 2020}}</ref> In December 2017, the entire categorization system was comprehensively revised taking into account passenger footfall, earnings and strategic importance with a view to plan various passenger services and passenger amenities at stations in a more effective and focused manner in order to help the passenger have a better experience in relation to travel amenities at stations.<ref name=":1" /> Stations were categorized into the Non-Suburban Groups - NSG-1 to NSG-6, Suburban Groups - SG-1 to SG-3, and Halt Groups - HG1 to HG3.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="stac12">[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/railways-revise-station-categories-to-improve-services/articleshow/62280609.cms Railways revise station categories to improve services] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317035551/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/railways-revise-station-categories-to-improve-services/articleshow/62280609.cms|date=17 March 2018}}, [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 28 December 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> General Managers of the various [[Indian Railways Zones and Divisions|zones]] of the Indian railways were also given the power to designate a lower grade station as NSG-4 category if it was a place of tourist importance and/or was an important junction station.<ref name=":1" />

== Station Categories ==

=== Current (2017-Present) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Criteria for categorization of stations based on commercial importance (post 2017)<ref name=":1" />
!Category of stations
!Criteria of Earnings (in Rs.)
!Criteria of outward Passengers handled
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |'''Non Suburban'''
|-
|'''NSG-1'''
|More than 500 Crore
|More than 20 Million
|-
|'''NSG-2'''
|100 to 500 Crore
|10 to 20 Million
|-
|'''NSG-3'''
|20 to 100 Crore
|5 to 10 Million
|-
|'''NSG-4'''
|10 to 20 Crore
|2 to 5 Million
|-
|'''NSG-5'''
|1 to 10 Crore
|1 to 2 Million
|-
|'''NSG-6'''
|Up to 1 Crore
|Up to 1 Million
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |'''Suburban'''
|-
|'''SG-1'''
|More than 25 Crore
|More than 30 Million
|-
|'''SG-2'''
|10 to 25 Crore
|10 to 30 Million
|-
|'''SG-3'''
|Up to 10 Crore
|Up to 10 Million
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |'''Halts'''
|-
|'''HG-1'''
|More than 50 Lakh
|More than 300 thousand
|-
|'''HG-2'''
|5 to 50 lakh
|100 thousand to 300 thousand
|-
|'''HG-3'''
|Up to 5 lakh
|Up to 100 thousand
|}

=== Previous (1995-2017) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Criteria for categorization of stations based on commercial importance (1995–2017)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comprehensive instructions for provision of Passenger Amenities at Stations - 2012, Indian Railways|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT_(2)/PA_Circular_110912.PDF|url-status=live|access-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403055505/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/land_amen/PASSNG_AMENT_(2)/PA_Circular_110912.PDF |archive-date=2013-04-03 }}</ref>
!Category
!Criteria
|-
|'''A1'''
|Non-Suburban stations with an annual passenger earning of more than Rs. 60 crores.
|-
|'''A'''
|Non-suburban stations with an annual passenger earnings of Rs. 8 crores and up to Rs 60 crores.
|-
|'''B'''
|I. Non suburban stations with annual passenger earnings between Rs. 4 crores to Rs. 8 crores.

II. Stations of tourist importance or an important junction station (to be decided by General Manager).
|-
|'''C'''
|All suburban stations
|-
|'''D'''
|Non suburban stations with passenger earnings between Rs. 60 lakhs and Rs. 4 crores.
|-
|'''E'''
|Non suburban stations with passenger earnings less than Rs. 60 lakhs
|-
|'''F'''
|Halts
|}

== See also ==

* [[List of railway stations in India]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian Railways]]

Nithya Das

2026-01-25T23:00:27Z

Tanjerul Islam: entry

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nithya Das
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kunnamangalam]] [[Calicut district|Calicut]], Kerala,
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actress
| children = 2
| parents =
| spouse = Arvind Singh
}}

'''Nithya Das''' is an Indian actress who works prominently in [[Malayalam cinema]] along with [[Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Soap opera|television series]].

==Career==
Das was active in the film industry during the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/nithya-das-kannana-kanne-serial-sun-tv-serial-actress-nithya-das-232770/ |date= 19 Nov 2020 |website=Indian Express Tamil |title=இவ்ளோ இளமையான அம்மா எங்கயாச்சும் இருக்காங்களா? 'கண்ணான கண்ணே' நித்யா தாஸ்}}</ref> She started her career with the 2001 film ''[[Ee Parakkum Thalika]]'', directed by [[Thaha]] and starring [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ee-parakkum-thalika-actress-nithya-das-dance-is-now-trending-on-social-media/articleshow/76247401.cms |title=Ee Parakkum Thalika actress Nithya Das' dance is now trending on social media |first1=Anjana |last1=George |date=Jun 7, 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=What happened later in the life of all the actresses who came as Dileep's heroine |url=https://theprimetime.in/what-happened-later-in-the-life-of-all-the-actresses-who-came-as-dileeps-heroine/ |website=PrimeTime |date=17 September 2020}}</ref> After this successful film, she acted with [[Kalabhavan Mani]] in ''Kanmashi''. Her other films in Malayalam include ''[[Balettan]]'', ''[[Choonda]]'', ''[[Hridayathil Sookshikkan]]'', ''[[Nagaram (2007 film)|Nagaram]]'', ''[[Soorya Kireedam]]'', and ''[[Nariman (film)|Nariman]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/actress-nithya-das-punjab-travel-photos-451315/ |website=Indian Express Malayalam |title=മഞ്ഞ പുതച്ച കടുകുപാടങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലൂടെ; യാത്രാവിശേഷങ്ങളുമായി നിത്യ ദാസ്|date=6 June 2020 }}</ref> She was selected from many applicants in a talent search program of the film industry. She acted in television serials on [[Surya TV]], [[Kairali TV]], [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], and Jaya TV. She makes a comeback to the Malayalam film industry after fourteen years through the movie ''Pallimani'', which will be released in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/nithya-das-to-make-her-comeback-to-the-malayalam-film-industry-with-the-film-pallimani/articleshow/88068523.cms |title=Nithya Das to make her comeback to the Malayalam film industry with the film 'Pallimani' |date=3 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nithya Das married Arvind Singh Jamwal. Nithya met him in 2005 when she was traveling to Chennai on [[Indian Airlines]] and Arvind was a member of the flight crew.<ref name="mathrubhumi.chand.2017.07.25"/> The couple has two children.<ref name="mathrubhumi.chand.2017.07.25"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mangalam-varika-6-May-2013 |url=http://www.mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/86/26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509011142/http://www.mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/86/26 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=9 May 2013 |publisher=mangalamvarika.com |access-date=31 October 2013}}</ref> Initially, they settled in [[Kashmir]] and then moved to [[Kozhikode]].<ref name="mathrubhumi.chand.2017.07.25">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/women/interview/actress-nithyadas-interview--1.2114466 |script-title=ml:ബസന്തി ഹാപ്പിയാണ്,16 വർഷങ്ങൾക്കിപ്പുറവും!! |language=ml |trans-title=Basanti is happy, even after 16 years!! |last1=Chand |first1=Veena |date=25 July 2017 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801110607/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/women/interview/actress-nithyadas-interview--1.2114466 |archive-date=1 August 2017}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
* ''All films in [[Malayalam]] language unless otherwise noted''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Nithya Das film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001|| ''[[Ee Parakkum Thalika]]'' || Gayathri Devi / Basanthi|| Debut movie [[Asianet Film Awards]] – Best New Face of the Year (Female)
|-
| ''[[Nariman (film)|Nariman]]'' || Sruthi||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002|| ''Kanmashi'' ||Sethulakshmi/Kanmashi||
|-
| ''[[Kunjikoonan (2002 film)|Kunjikoonan]]'' ||Dream wife||Special appearance in a song
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003|| ''[[Balettan]]''||Devaki||
|-
| ''Varum Varunnu Vannu'' ||Podimol||
|-
| ''Choonda''||Anitha||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004|| ''[[Kadhavaseshan]]''||Sreedevi||
|-
| ''Maratha Nadu'' ||Shahina||
|-
| ''Freedom'' ||Shalini||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2005|| ''[[Hridayathil Sookshikkan]]'' ||Nanditha||
|-
| ''[[Pon Megalai]]''||Mekhala || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] debut{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
|-
| ''123 from Amalapuram'' ||Aswini || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] debut
|-
|2006|| ''[[Manathodu Mazhaikalam]]''||Sathya || Tamil film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007|| ''[[Nagaram (2007 film)|Nagaram]]'' ||Poonkodi||
|-
| ''[[Soorya Kireedam]]'' ||Urmila||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023|| ''Pallimani'' ||Avanthika ||
|-
| ''[[Skanda (film)|Skanda]]'' || Sreeleela's mother || rowspan="2" | Telugu film
|-
| ''[[Popcorn (2023 film)|Popcorn]]''<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/popcorn_2023/cast-and-crew</ref> || Sameerana's mother
|-
|}

==Television==
;Series
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Nithya Das television series credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" | Language
|-
|2007|| ''Sree Ayappanum Vavarum'' ||Ayisha||[[Surya TV]]||rowspan=2|[[Malayalam]]
|-
|2008||''Manaporutham'' ||Maya||[[Kairali TV]]
|-
|2009–2012||''[[Idhayam (2009 TV series)|Idhayam]]''||Nandini||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|2010||''Indhraneelam''||Geethanjali/Geethu||[[Surya TV]]||[[Malayalam]]
|-
|2012–2015||''[[Bhairavi Aavigalukku Priyamanaval]]''||Bhairavi||rowspan=2|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||rowspan=3|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|2013||''Kaatrinile Varum Geetham ''||
|-
|2014–2015||''[[Akka (TV series)|Akka]]''||Seetha||[[Jaya TV]]
|-
|2016–2017||''[[Ottachilambu]]''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/I-will-comeback-if-great-roles-come-my-way-Nithya-Das/articleshow/55870059.cms |title=I will comeback if great roles come my way : Nithya das - Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> ||Syamandakam/Seemanthini||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||[[Malayalam]]
|-
|2018||''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]''||Aishwarya||rowspan=3|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||rowspan=3|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|2020–2022||''[[Kannana Kanne (TV series)|Kannana Kanne]]''||rowspan=2|Yamuna
|-
|rowspan=2|2021||''[[Anbe Vaa (2020 TV series)|Anbe Vaa]]''
|-
|''[[Thinkalkalamaan]]''||Herself||[[Surya TV]]||[[Malayalam]]
|}

;Shows
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Nithya Das television show credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" | Language
|-
|2018–2019||''Sreshtabharatham''||Host||[[Amrita TV]]||rowspan=10|[[Malayalam]]
|-

| rowspan="3" |2020||''Comedy stars season 2''||Judge||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|-
|''Star Magic''||rowspan=4|Mentor||rowspan=3|[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]
|-
|''Super Power''
|-
|2022||''Ammamarude Samsthana Sammelanam''
|-
|2022||''Red Carpet''||[[Amrita TV]]
|-
|2022–2023||''Njanum entalum''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/njanum-entalum-judge-nithya-das-gains-laurels-for-her-statement-on-respecting-parents/articleshow/95143830.cms |title=Njanum Entalum: Judge Nithya das gains laurels for her statement on respecting parents |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>|| rowspan="2" |Judge||[[Zee Keralam]]
|-
|2023–2024||''[[Katturumbu]] 2'' || rowspan="2" |Flowers TV
|-
|2024||''Star Magic''||Mentor
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1522872|name=Nithya Das}}
* [http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Nithyadas&limit=10 Nithya Das at MSI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003329/http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Nithyadas&limit=10 |date=4 March 2016 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Nithya}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]

Ritu Pathak

2026-01-25T19:36:42Z

Tanjerul Islam: page

{{Short description|Indian playback singer (born 1987)}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| image =
| name = Ritu Pathak
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|9|4}}<ref name="pridrp">{{cite web|title=RITU PATHAK|url=http://prideyou.com/ritu-pathak/697/|website=prideyou|access-date=23 October 2015|archive-date=12 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212070246/http://prideyou.com/ritu-pathak/697/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Seoni, Madhya Pradesh]], India
| origin = Seoni, Madhya Pradesh
| genre = [[Indian classical music|classical]], [[Pop music|pop]], [[filmi]]
| occupation = [[Playback singer]]
| instrument =
| years_active = 2010–present
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}

'''Ritu Pathak''' (born 4 September 1987) is a [[Bollywood]] [[playback singer]]. Born in Gopalganj, India, she rose to fame after participating in the second season of ''[[Indian Idol]]''. She was one of the finalists in another TV music talent show, [[Fame X]].<ref name="pridrp" /> She has recorded numerous songs with many prominent composers, such as [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], [[Sajid–Wajid]] and [[Anand Raj Anand]].

==Early life==
Pathak was born in a village in Gopalganj, Seoni [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="pridrp" /> Her father was a singer who performed at local orchestras and small gatherings. She was encouraged by him to pursue a career in music and he used to take her to participate in reality singing shows.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Coutinho |first1=Natasha |title=Singing was my father's dream: Ritu Pathak|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131130/entertainment-tvmusic/article/singing-was-my-father%E2%80%99s-dream-ritu-pathak|website=deccanchronicle|date=30 November 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref> She got her first vocal lessons in [[Nagpur]]<ref name=timerp>{{cite news|title=Ritu Pathak on Radha Nachegi: Sonakshi's expressions and moves add to the chutzpah of the song|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Ritu-Pathak-on-Radha-Nachegi-Sonakshis-expressions-and-moves-add-to-the-chutzpah-of-the-song/articleshow/45563459.cms|website=Times of India|date=19 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref> and she received Hindustani classical vocal training from Sangit Mahabharti.<ref name=greenrp>{{cite web|title=Ritu Pathak Live Show|url=http://greenleafent.com/Liveshow.aspx?Id=14&SDId=78&action=Child|website=greenleafent|access-date=24 October 2015}}</ref>

== Career ==
Pathak participated in singing talent show [[Fame X]] on the suggestion of Sonia Rao, who was a judge on the show.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ritu Pathak's 'gandi baat'|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/ritu-pathaks-gandi-baat/264252|website=freepressjournal|access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> She gained recognition from her performance in the show; and afterwards met [[Anand Raj Anand]] and began singing scratches for presentations.

In 2010, Pathak met [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] who selected her to sing the ''Papa Jag Jaayega'', for the film [[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]. After that, she worked with composer [[Pritam Chakraborty]] to sing the song ''Razia Gundo Mein Phans Gayi'' from film [[Thank You (2011 film)|Thank You]] and other songs from [[Hello Darling]] and [[Action Replayy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shankar keeps his promise to Ritu Pathak|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news-releases/shankar-keeps-his-promise-ritu-pathak|website=Radio and Music|access-date=19 April 2011}}</ref> She went on to work with [[Anand Raj Anand]] to sing [[Jalebi Bai]] for the film[[Double Dhamaal]], which is one of her most popular songs to date.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

Pathak has also worked with [[Sajid–Wajid]] in many songs, such as ''Radha Nachegi'' in [[Tevar]].<ref name="timerp"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Ritu Pathak, the voice behind Sonakshi Sinha's Radha in 'Tevar'|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/the-voice-behind-radha-in-tevar/|website=indianexpress|date=19 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref>

Pathak has sung playback for the actress [[Sonakshi Sinha]] on many occasions, such as in the song ''Gandi Baat'' from [[R. Rajkumar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=HAT TRICK WITH SONAKSHI FOR SINGER RITU PATHAK|url=http://newstadka.com/hat-trick-with-sonakshi-for-singer-ritu-pathak/|website=newstadka|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=No Gandi Baat for singer Ritu Pathak|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=46221|website=orissadiary|access-date=9 December 2013|archive-date=17 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717030216/http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=46221|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Pathak has also sung ''Lip to Lip'' (from [[Katti Batti]]), ''DJ Bajega To Pappu Nachega'' (from [[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]]) ''Cinema Dekhe Mamma'' (from [[Singh Is Bliing]]). Having worked with so many composers, she wishes to sing for the maestro [[A. R. Rahman]] one day.<ref name="ramurp">{{cite web|title=Ritu Pathak has her plate full in 2012|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/ritu-pathak-has-her-plate-full-2012|website=Radio and Music|access-date=18 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Melody Matters: Ritu Pathak discusses her musical influences|url=http://103.241.136.80/music/melody-matters-ritu-pathak-discusses-her-musical-influences-391|website=asianage|access-date=12 October 2015}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

In 2012, Pathak hosted the show ‘Retrospective Special’ which was broadcast on [[DD National|DD1]] which features interesting trivia about movies from the golden era.<ref name="ramurp" /> She has performed in live shows in numerous events in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Raipur, Udaipur and other major Indian cities.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} She has also performed in Poland, Muscat, Rangoon, Kathmandu and Malaysia and China.<ref name="pridrp" /> She toured to Australia & Fiji Island with [[Johnny Lever]], [[Priyanka Chopra]] & [[Abhijeet Sawant]]. In 2007, she did a show in Israel with [[Johnny Lever]].<ref name="greenrp" />

Pathak was nominated in the [[Stardust Awards]] in 2012 for the category New Musical Sensation - Female for the song [[Jalebi Bai]] in the film [[Double Dhamaal]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Stardust Awards 2011 – 2012 Nominations|url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/stardust-awards-2011-2012-nominations/|website=indicine|date=26 January 2012 |access-date=24 October 2015}}</ref>

==Discography==

=== Bollywood ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Co-singer(s)
|-
| 2019 || Peeyu Datt Ke || [[Marjaavaan]] || [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|-
| 2017 || Rocket Saiyaan || [[Shubh Mangal Saavdhan]] || Vayu
|-
| 2016 || Hor Nach || [[Mastizaade]] || [[Meet Bros Anjjan]]
|-
| 2015 || Dimaagh Ka Dahi || [[Hogaya Dimaagh Ka Dahi]] || [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
| 2015 || Cinema Dekhe Mamma || [[Singh Is Bliing]] || [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid Ali]]
|-
| 2015 || DJ Bajega To Pappu Nachega || [[Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon]] || [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
|-
| 2015 || Lip To Lip || [[Katti Batti]] || [[Nikhil D'Souza]]
|-
| 2015 || Hello Hi Aay Haay || [[Sabki Bajegi Band]] || Chin2 Bhosle, Sanjeev Rathod, Sowmya Raoh
|-
| 2015 || Mein Band Botal Sharab || Anjaan Parindey ||
|-
| 2015 || Radha Nachegi || [[Tevar]] || Shabab Sabri, Danish Sabri
|-
| 2015 || De Di Permission || [[Mumbai Can Dance Saala]] || [[Vinod Rathod]]
|-
| 2014 || Dil Mange Love More || Bhai Ka Maal Hai ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || Madam Ji || [[Chal Bhaag]] || Geet Sagar, Sadhu Sushil Tiwari
|-
| Daba Kar Dum Doggy Bhage Re || [[Chal Bhaag]] || Sadhu Sushil Tiwari
|-
| 2014 || Palang Tod Naina || [[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]] || [[Mika Singh]]
|-
| 2013 || Gandi Baat (Film Version) || [[R. Rajkumar]] || [[Nakash Aziz]]
|-
| 2013 || Tu Bhi Mood Mein || [[Grand Masti]] || [[Sajid–Wajid]]
|-
| 2013 || Bhang Ke Nashe || [[Four Two Ka One]] || [[Kailash Kher]]
|-
| 2013 || O Jaane Jaana Meri || [[Chehra (2013 film)]] || Vardhan
|-
| 2013 || Crazy || Sajjan:The Real Friend ||
|-
| 2013 || Allah Duhai Hai || [[Race 2]] || [[Atif Aslam]], [[Pritam]], [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Anushka Manchanda]]
|-
| 2013 || Blunder || [[Mumbai Mirror (film)]] ||
|-
| 2012 || Bill Gates Ki Poti || Le Gaya Saddam ||
|-
| 2012 || Dhishkiyaon || [[Kismat Love Paisa Dilli]] || [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
| 2012 || Aaja Meri Jaan || [[Maximum (film)]] || [[Tochi Raina]]
|-
| 2012 || Chhamiyya Chhamiya || Overtime || Dhaa Joshi
|-
| 2012 || Madam Main Damma Lai || [[Daal Mein Kuch Kaala Hai]] || Apeksha Dandekar
|-
| 2012 || Mumbai Shahar Yeh Hai Mumbai || Dhama Chaukdi ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || Kachka Chilam || Vidhata-Tere Khel Hain Nirale ||
|-
| Kaga || Vidhata-Tere Khel Hain Nirale ||
|-
| 2012 || Bad Boys || [[Department (film)]] || Earl
|-
| 2012 || Jhoom Jhoom Ta Ja || [[Players (2012 film)|Players (film)]] ||
|-
| rowspan=5|2011 || Ishq Da Mausam || Ye Stupid Pyar || [[Master Saleem]]
|-
| Jalebi Bai || [[Double Dhamaal]] || [[Anand Raj Anand]]
|-
| Kismat || [[Bin Bulaye Baraati]] ||
|-
| Razia Gundo Mein Phans Gayi || [[Thank You (2011 film)]] || [[Master Saleem]]
|-
| You Are The Reason || [[United Six]] || [[Neeraj Shridhar]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010 || Chhan Ke Mohalla || [[Action Replayy]] || [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
| Working Girls || [[Hello Darling]] || [[Shweta Pandit]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]<ref name="greenrp" />
|-
| Tere Dar Pe Aaya Leke Band Baja || [[Hello Darling]] || [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]], Rana Mazumder
|-
| Papa Jaag Jaayega || [[Housefull (2010 film)]] || [[Neeraj Shridhar]], Alyssa Mendonsa
|-
| rowspan=2| 2008 || Pukarta He Koi || rowspan=2|[[Bach Ke Zara]] ||
|-
| Jee Le Zara ||
|}

=== Other languages ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Language !! Co-singer(s)
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011 || Ishaq Tilasmi Jaadu || rowspan=3|[[The Lion of Punjab (film)|The Lion of Punjab]] || rowspan=3| Punjabi || rowspan=2|[[Diljit Dosanjh]]
|-
| Wow Wow
|-
| Karreena Saif Tattoo || [[Anand Raj Anand]]
|-
| 2011 || Kalke Tumi Amar || [[Murder (2011 film)|Murder]] || Bengali || [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
|-
| 2013 || God God Golyat || Majha Zali Sazaa || Marathi ||
|-
| 2012 || Tattoo || [[Sadi Gali Aaya Karo]] || Punjabi ||
|-
| 2013 || Hay Oolala || [[Adda (2013 film)|Adda]] || Telugu || Santhosh, Ramki
|-
| 2019 || Main Botal Ki Ran || [[Jaanbaaz]] || Bengali ||
|}

=== Albums ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Album
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014 || Kaise Sahen Dard-E-Judaai || Gam-E-Ishq Ka Maara Hu<ref>{{cite web|title=Gam-E-Ishq Ka Maara Hu|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/gam-e-ishq-ka-maara-hu/945356872|website=itunes|date=20 November 2014 |access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Pal Pal Satati Hai || Gam-E-Ishq Ka Maara Hu
|-
| Jhoote Tere Wade || Gam-E-Ishq Ka Maara Hu
|-
| 2010 || Someone Somewhere-2 || Someone Somewhere
|}

=== Non-film songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Co-singer(s)
|-
| 2016 || Holi Khele Nand Lala ||Pankaj Kumar
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|4111919}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathak, Ritu}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Filmi singers]]
[[Category:Indian women pop singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Actresses from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Madhya Pradesh]]

Svarga

2026-01-22T01:23:45Z

Tanjerul Islam: improved article

{{Short description|Hindu celestial abode of the gods}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
[[File:Clevelandart 1969.34.jpg|thumb|380x380px|Frieze of [[Gandharva|gandharvas]] and [[Apsara|apsaras]], residents of Svarga]]
'''Svarga''' ({{langx|sa|स्वर्गः|lit=abode of light}}, {{IAST3|Svargaḥ}}),<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2iZICgAAQBAJ&dq=svarga+abode+of+light&pg=PT189 |title=In Praise of the Goddess: The Devimahatmya and Its Meaning |date=2003-12-01 |publisher=Nicolas-Hays, Inc. |isbn=978-0-89254-616-9 |pages=189 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Swarga''', '''Indraloka''' and '''Svargaloka''', is the celestial abode of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] in [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxx4EAAAQBAJ&dq=svarga+translates+heaven&pg=PA11 |title=After the War: The Last Books of the Mahabharata |date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-755339-8 |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> Svarga is one of the seven higher [[Loka|lokas]] ([[Plane (esotericism)|esoteric planes]]) in [[Hindu cosmology]].<ref name="shivp">{{cite book |author=B. K. Chaturvedi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bchgql0em9YC&q=Swargaloka&pg=PA124 |title=Shiv Purana |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books |year=2004 |isbn=8171827217 |page=124}}</ref> Svarga is often translated as heaven,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=George M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC&dq=heaven+svarga&pg=PA150 |title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology |date=2008-03-27 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-533261-2 |pages=150 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Muller |first=F. Max |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXf-AQAAQBAJ&dq=svarga+heaven&pg=PT61 |title=The Upanisads |date=2013-11-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-86449-0 |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref> though it is regarded to be dissimilar to the concept of the [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic]] [[Heaven]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h8q7k3c_R5AC&dq=svarga+not+heaven&pg=PA149 |title=Rethinking the Mahabharata: A Reader's Guide to the Education of the Dharma King |date=2001-10-30 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-34054-8 |pages=149 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Craig |first=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5m5z_ca-qDkC&dq=svarga+heaven&pg=PA254 |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Index |date=1998 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-07310-3 |pages=254 |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
Svarga is a set of celestial worlds located on and above [[Mt. Meru|Mount Meru]], where those who had led righteous lives by adhering to the scriptures delight in pleasures, before their next birth on earth. It is described to have been built by the deity [[Tvashtr|Tvashtar]], the Vedic architect of the devas.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Coulter |first1=Charles Russell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&dq=svarga+encyclopedia&pg=PA447 |title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities |last2=Turner |first2=Patricia |date=2013-07-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-96390-3 |pages=447 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Tiruchchirappalli painting Indra (cropped).jpg|thumb|253x253px|Painting of Indra, the ruler of Svarga, upon Airavata]]
The king of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]], [[Indra]], is the ruler of Svarga, ruling it with his consort, [[Indrani]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Buck |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YO0lEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 |title=Ramayana |date=2021-06-08 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-38338-8 |page=9 |language=en}}</ref> His palace in the abode is called Vaijayanta.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bane |first=Theresa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HLzAgAAQBAJ&dq=swarga+yojanas&pg=PA136 |title=Encyclopedia of Imaginary and Mythical Places |date=2014-03-04 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-7848-4 |pages=136 |language=en}}</ref> This palace holds the famous hall, Sudharma, unrivalled among all the princely courts. The capital of Svarga is [[Amaravati (mythology)|Amaravati]], and its entrance is guarded by the legendary elephant, [[Airavata]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fausbøll |first=V. |title=Indian mythology according to the Mahābhārata : in outline |date=1903 |publisher=Luzac |isbn=0-524-01055-2 |location=London |oclc=690682510}}</ref>{{rp|84}} Svarga is described to be the home of [[Kamadhenu]], the cow of plenty, as well as Parijata, the tree that grants all wishes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Klostermaier |first=Klaus K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DB29DwAAQBAJ&dq=svarga+encyclopedia&pg=PT91 |title=A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism |date=2014-10-01 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-78074-672-2 |pages=91 |language=en}}</ref> The legendary [[Kalpavriksha]] tree grows in the centre of the Nandana gardens, which was planted there by Indra after it emerged from the [[Samudra Manthana]], the churning of the ocean. Due to its location, Svarga is called Tridiva, the third highest heaven.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8J2RDwAAQBAJ&dq=svarga+hall+hinduism&pg=PT210 |title=Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. In Two Volumes. Volume II M-Z |date=2019-04-09 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-62419-3 |pages=210 |language=en}}</ref>

In [[Hindu mythology]], the devas' dominion over Svarga is often the primary point of contention in their eternal war with their rivals, the [[Asura|asuras]]. A common theme in these legends is an asura king, such as [[Hiranyakashipu]], usurping the realm for himself. The preserver deity, [[Vishnu]], often intervenes to restore the status quo. He sometimes assumes an [[avatar]], such as [[Narasimha]], to vanquish the asura king, restoring Indra and the devas to their place.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bonnefoy |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4I-FsZCzJEC&dq=svarga+asuras&pg=PA52 |title=Asian Mythologies |date=1993-05-15 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-06456-7 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> During each [[pralaya]] (the great dissolution), the first three realms, [[Loka|Bhuloka]], Bhuvarloka, and Svargaloka are destroyed. In contemporary Hinduism, Svarga itself is often relegated to the status of a lower heaven, one that is spiritually as well as physically beneath [[Vaikuntha]] and [[Mount Kailash|Kailasha]], the celestial abodes of [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cush |first1=Denise |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzPgCgAAQBAJ&dq=svarga+Hindu+heaven&pg=PA595 |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |last2=Robinson |first2=Catherine |last3=York |first3=Michael |date=2012-08-21 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-18979-2 |pages=595 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Romesh Chunder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EqpFAAAAIAAJ&dq=svarga+vaikuntha&pg=PA295 |title=A History of Civilization in Ancient India: Based on Sanscrit Literature |date=1890 |publisher=Thacker, Spink and Company |pages=295 |language=en}}</ref>

In [[Buddhism]], Svarga (heaven) is one of the [[Buddhist cosmology|many worlds]] one may reincarnate if [[Nirvana]] is not achieved. Sometimes dismissed as a diversion from the path to Nirvana, some Buddhists aim for a rebirth in heaven as better circumstances to prepare for final salvation.<ref>Jenkins, S. (2022). BUDDHIST SOTERIOLOGY. The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Practice, 384. p. 385</ref> In [[Theravada]], different stages of heaven are closely connected with [[Buddhist meditation|meditation theories]].<ref>Jenkins, S. (2022). BUDDHIST SOTERIOLOGY. The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Practice, 384. p. 385</ref> According to Buddhism, heaven is not eternal. However, this does not imply that the [[Deva (Buddhism)|inhabitants of heaven]] (deva) necessarily return to earth after their heavenly karma runs out. The fate of devas depends on their merits accumulated during their abode in heaven: Non-Buddhist devas may fall back to earth, incarnate in [[Naraka|hell]] or as animals, whereas Buddhist devas may ascend to higher heavens until they finally achieve Nirvana.<ref>Jenkins, S. (2022). BUDDHIST SOTERIOLOGY. The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Practice, 384. p. 385</ref>

Besides the sensual heaven of the devas, Buddhism also acknowledges sublime heavens of the ''[[Brahmā (Buddhism)|brahmā]]s'', the realm of the [[Mahabrahma|Creator God]] (''Mahābrahmā''), and disembodied deities beyond.<ref>Jenkins, S. (2022). BUDDHIST SOTERIOLOGY. The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Practice, 384. p. 385</ref> Incarnation in the form of the latter belongs to the "eight inopportune conditions", as they are so sublime, they are unable to hear the dharma and thus, also unable to attain liberation.<ref>Jenkins, S. (2022). BUDDHIST SOTERIOLOGY. The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Practice, 384. p. 385</ref> As such, incarnation in heaven, though acknowledged and often aspired, is never meant to be an end in itself.<ref>Jenkins, S. (2022). BUDDHIST SOTERIOLOGY. The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Practice, 384. p. 385</ref>

== Literature ==

=== ''Vedas'' ===
In the hymns of the ''[[Atharvaveda]]'', Svarga is conceptualised as Pitrloka, the land where one hopes to meet one's departed ancestors. It is the abode that is rewarded for the one who performs sacrifices. The sacrifices that one performs are stated to journey directly to heaven, and are stored to await the sacrificer on his arrival. One hymn describes Svarga to be a realm that contains water-lilies and lotuses, lakes of butter with banks of honey, along with streams flowing with a number of foods such as wine, milk, curds, and water. Offering gifts to guests is also stated to be a path that secures heaven.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUloBHBEyOcC&dq=svarga+heaven&pg=PA59 |title=The Atharva-Veda Described: With a Classified Selection of Hymns, Explanatory Notes and Review |date=1897 |publisher=Christian Literature Society for India |pages=59–60 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Brahma Sutras|''Vedanta Sutra'']] explains the concept of [[Transmigration of a soul|transmigration]] from Svarga to Bhuloka. It indicates that a ''[[jiva]]'' (life force) that has performed sacrifices and [[Dāna|charitable acts]] ascends to Svarga, and when departing the abode and returning to earth, it descends as a raincloud, and is precipitated upon the earth as rain. When man consumes the food that is watered by the rain, it enters his semen, and during intercourse, enters a woman, to be reborn. It described "sampata" to be the term for the concept that allows one to ascend to heaven. It also states that the one who was of good conduct in Svarga attains the birth of a [[Brahmin]], [[Kshatriya]], or a [[Vaishya]], and that others are condemned to lesser births, such as other animals or outcastes.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7ZDAAAAYAAJ&dq=svarga+upanishads&pg=PA563 |title=The Taittirīya-upanishad |date=1903 |publisher=Printed at the C. T. A. Printing Works |pages=561–563 |language=en}}</ref>

The ''[[Mundaka Upanishad]]'' affirms that the performance of Vedic rituals is necessary to attain Svarga.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Satchidanandendra |first1=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMkbWhjE2M4C&dq=one+attains+svarga&pg=PA29 |title=The Method of the Vedanta: A Critical Account of the Advaita Tradition |last2=Saraswati |first2=Swami Satchidanandendra |date=1997 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1358-8 |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref>

=== ''Puranas'' ===
The ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' states that Svarga is the realm for the one who is able to discriminate between right and wrong acts, and loves other people, engaging in good deeds for them. The good, the virtuous, and the devoted are described to be able to achieve the abode. It is stated to be a realm of gratification, where one is able to appreciate divine music, divine beauty, and divine objects, all of which are enough for any man. The duration of one's stay in this [[loka]] is determined by the [[Punya (Hinduism)|''punya'']] (virtue) one has accumulated. High intellect is not deemed to be sufficient to enter the abode if one lacks the necessary level of spirituality.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Purnendu Narayana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIBBAAAAYAAJ&dq=svargaloka+puranas&pg=PA236 |title=A Study of the Bhagavata Purana: Or, Esoteric Hinduism |date=1901 |publisher=Freeman & Company, Limited |pages=236 |language=en}}</ref>

=== ''Ramayana'' ===
The acquisition of [[Punya (Hinduism)|punya]] and the performance of good deeds is stated to be a prerequisite of attaining Svarga in the ''[[Ramayana]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guruge |first=Ananda W. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQ4qAAAAYAAJ&q=svarga+ramayana |title=The Society of the Ramayana |date=1960 |publisher=Saman Press |pages=269 |language=en}}</ref>

The epic describes the legend of King [[Trishanku]], who had been promised a place in Svarga by the sage [[Vishvamitra]]. The sage engaged in a solitary [[yajna]] to achieve this, not joined by other sages due to instructions from Sage [[Vasishtha|Vasishta]]. Due to the power of the sage's ceremony, the king ascended to the gates of Svarga. The devas reported this to Indra, who angrily kicked Trishanku from the abode because of his low birth, sending him hurtling towards the earth. Vishvamitra was able to halt his fall mid-way during his descent, and so the king was left suspended in the air. Indra opted to create a new Svarga below his own Svarga as a compromise, just for the residence of Trishanku. In retort, Vishvamitra created a new Indra and devas to occupy the new heaven with the king. Terrified of the powers of the sage, Indra relented, and personally carried Trishanku to the real Svarga on his own golden ''[[vimana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Triśaṅku |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc242012.html |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

=== ''Mahabharata'' ===
In the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the prince [[Arjuna]] is escorted to Svarga by [[Mātali|Matali]], the charioteer of [[Indra]], the prince's father. During the journey, he witnesses thousands of flying celestial cars, ''vimana''s. He observes that there is neither sun nor moon that is necessary to offer light in this realm, as it is entirely self-luminous. He takes note of the residents of Svarga: [[Rishi|rishis]], heroes who had died in battle, those who had performed severe austerities, [[Gandharva|gandharvas]], [[Guhyaka|guhyakas]], as well as [[Apsara|apsaras]]. He passes through the several successive regions of heaven until he arrives at Amaravati, the capital of Indra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Indralokagamana Parva: Section XLII |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03042.htm |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

In Amaravati, Arjuna beholds the gardens of Nandana, the favourite resort of the apsaras. He observes that sacred trees and flowers of all seasons bloom. He is eulogised by various classes of beings, such as deities like the [[Ashvins]] and the [[Maruts]], the royal sages, headed by [[Dilīpa|Dilipa]], and exalted [[Brahmin|Brahmanas]]. He is treated to the most sacred and profane music of the finest gandharva, [[Tumburu|Tumvuru]], and observes the dances of the most enticing apsaras, such as [[Menaka]], [[Rambha (apsara)|Rambha]], and [[Urvashi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Indralokagamana Parva: Section XLIII |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03043.htm |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

The ''Mahabharata'' suggests the existence of several forms or regions of Svarga, each headed by a deity, such as [[Surya]], [[Kubera]], and [[Varuna]]. Indra is stated to sate all the desires of the residents. Men and women enjoy each other's pleasures without restriction, and there is no form of jealousy between the sexes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutton |first=Nicholas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFyUHC-ORp4C&dq=svarga+mahabharata&pg=PA261 |title=Religious Doctrines in the Mahābhārata |date=2000 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1700-5 |pages=261 |language=en}}</ref>

In the text, [[Nahusha]] opines to [[Yudhishthira|Yudhisthira]] that offering charity, speaking pleasing words, honesty, and ''[[ahimsa]]'' allows one to achieve heaven.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutton |first=Nicholas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFyUHC-ORp4C&dq=svarga+mahabharata&pg=PA261 |title=Religious Doctrines in the Mahābhārata |date=2000 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1700-5 |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref>

=== ''Bhagavad Gita'' ===
{{Hindu mythology}}
In the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'', it is indicated that Svarga is not the everlasting destination of those who had accumulated ''punya.''<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Bhagavadgita: with the commentary of Sri Sankaracharya |date=2013 |publisher=Samata Books |others=Alladi Mahadeva Sastri |isbn=978-81-85208-08-4 |location=Madras |oclc=875441094}}</ref>

<blockquote>{{Blockquote|text=They, having enjoyed that spacious world of Svarga, their merit (punya) exhausted, enter the world of the mortals; thus following the Dharma of the Triad, desiring (objects of) desires, they attain to the state of going and returning.|title=[[Bhagavad Gita]]|source=Verse 9.21}}</blockquote>

==See also==
* [[Amaravati (mythology)]]
* [[Devaloka]]
* [[Hiranyagarbha]]
* [[Naraka (Hinduism)]]
* [[Trāyastriṃśa]]
* [[Urdhva lokas]]
*[[Heaven]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/gpu/index.htm The Garuda Purana (Wood and Subrahmanyam translation, 1911)] at [[sacred-texts.com]]

{{Death in Hinduism}}
{{Heaven}}
[[Category:Conceptions of heaven]]
[[Category:Hindu cosmology]]
[[Category:Places in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Indra]]

R. Sudharsan

2026-01-21T20:57:30Z

Tanjerul Islam: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R. Sudharsan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = R. Sudharsan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|05|29|df=y}}
| othername = Vijay Harsan
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| occupation = Film editor
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''R. Sudharsan''' (born 29 May 1989) is an Indian film editor, who has worked on Tamil language films. He has often collaborated in ventures involving [[R. Parthiepan]] and made his debut through [[Manivannan]]'s ''[[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]'' (2013).

==Career==
Sudharsan completed a computer science degree at Kumbakonam Sastra University before choosing to move into film-editing by partaking in a course at [[Loyola College, Chennai]].

Sudharsan made his film debut through [[Manivannan]]'s ''[[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]'' (2013) and after the director's death, [[R. Parthiepan]] revealed that he would help Sudharsan further his career and gave him the opportunity to edit his next films ''[[Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam]]'' (2014) and ''[[Koditta Idangalai Nirappuga]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712091445/http://www.fulloncinema.com/index/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/photo-3.jpg | archive-date=2014-07-12 | url=http://www.fulloncinema.com/index/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/photo-3.jpg| title=எவ்வளவு சீரியசான படமா இருந்தாலும் | language=ta | trans-title=No matter how serious the film is | format=JPG}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skgfNgzLyek | title=Dir Ra. Parthiban about his Editor at Kadhai thiraikkathai vasanam iyakkam audio launch & press meet | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> Sudharsan has also worked on ''[[Zero (2016 film)|Zero]]'' (2016), where Behindwoods.com praised his work and noted " the editor has done a decent job by mapping together real scenes that are heavily layered with CG work".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/zero/zero-review.html|title = Zero (Aka) Zero review|date = 25 March 2016}}</ref> Regarding his work in ''[[Oththa Seruppu]]'', a writer wrote that "Of course, the solo act may have ended as a dud without the editor’s (R Sudarshan) work".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/10-regional-south-indian-gems-you-can-watch-on-netflix-and-amazon-prime-gantumoote-to-ee-ma-yau/article31397106.ece | title=10 regional south Indian gems you can watch on Netflix and Amazon Prime: 'Gantumoote' to 'Ee Ma Yau' | newspaper=The Hindu | date=21 April 2020 | last1=S | first1=Srivatsan }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/reviews/movie-review-oththa-seruppu-parthiban-resul-pookutty/ | title=Oththa Seruppu Size 7 Movie Review: Parthiban and Resul Pookutty Together Keep This Story Moving | date=20 September 2019 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===As editor===
* ''[[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Zero (2016 film)|Zero]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Koditta Idangalai Nirappuga]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Dhayam]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Yemaali]]'' (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/yemaali-31473|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726113559/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/yemaali-31473|url-status=live|archive-date=26 July 2023|title=Yemaali review: A long film that appears to be a crime thriller, but isn't|work=Cinestaan}}</ref>
* ''[[Oththa Seruppu]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Miga Miga Avasaram]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Iruttu]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Thatrom Thookrom]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Iravin Nizhal]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Echo (2023 film)|Echo]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Web (2023 film)|Web]]'' (2023)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudharsan, R.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film editors]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Artists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Film editors from Tamil Nadu]]

Second Aulikara dynasty

2026-01-04T13:02:43Z

Tanjerul Islam: Starting the pg basic info

{{short description|4th to 6th century dynasty in Indian subcontinent}}
{{Redirect|Aulikara dynasty}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Malava
| common_name = Malwa
| life_span = 350–545
| year_end =
| date_start =
| date_end =
| event_end =
| p1 = Malavas{{!}}Malava Republic
| flag_p2 =
| s1 = Later Gupta dynasty
| image_flag =
| image_coat =
| coa_size =
| image_map =
| image_map_caption = The Malava Empire in 544{{cn|date=November 2024}}
| religion = '''Official:'''{{blist|[[Vaishnavism]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=Bakker |first=Hans T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uDxTzQEACAAJ |title=The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia |date=2020-03-12 |publisher=Barkhuis |isbn=978-94-93194-00-7 |page=87 |language=en |quote=This resilience drew its inspiration partly from religion. The sixth-century Aulikara rulers gave up Vaisnavism, the state religion of their former overlords and ancestors, and embraced a vibrant and militant Saivism.}}</ref> (6th c. prior)|[[Shaivism]]<ref name="auto"/> (6th c. onwards)}}
| capital = [[Daśapura]]
| government_type = [[Absolute monarchy]]
| legislature =
| title_leader = [[List of monarchs of Malwa|Rajadhiraja]]
| leader1 = [[Aulikaras#First Aulikara dynasty|Jayavarman]] (first)
| year_leader1 = 350–375
| leader2 = [[Yashodharman]] (last)
| year_leader2 = 515–545
| era = {{hlist|[[Classical India|Classical Era]]|[[Medieval India|Early Mediaeval Era]]}}
| event_start = [[Aulikara|House of Aulikara]] established
| year_start = 350
| event1 = Death of [[Yashodharman]]
| date_event1 = 545
| common_languages =
| today = [[India]]
}}

The '''Second Aulikara dynasty''' (Late [[Brahmi script]]: [[File:Late Brahmi letter Au in the Risthal inscription.jpg|17px]][[File:Gupta allahabad li.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad k.svg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad raa.jpg|9px]] ''Au-li-ka-rā'') was a royal dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of Daśapura, and at its peak under [[Yashodharman|Yashodharman Vishnuvardhana]] controlled a vast area, consisting of almost all of [[Northern India]] (excluding the east) and parts of [[Deccan]] plateau.<ref name="agarwal">{{citation|author=Ashvini Agarwal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRjC5IaJ2zcC|title=Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas|date=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=81-208-0592-5|page=250-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salomon |first1=Richard |title=New Inscriptional Evidence For The History Of The Aulikaras of Mandasor |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |date=1989 |volume=32 |issue=1 |page=12 |doi=10.1163/000000089790082971 |issn=0019-7246|jstor=24654606 }}</ref> It was the second royal house of the [[Aulikara]] clan.<ref name="jain">{{cite book|last=Jain|first=Kailash Chand|title=Malwa Through the Ages |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|year=1972|pages=250–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZR-J6-WOH4QC&dq=Aulikaras&pg=PA250 | isbn=978-81-208-0824-9}}</ref>

==Origins==
The dynasty belonged to the ancient clan of the [[Aulikaras]], and was the second royal house belonging to this clan.<ref name="jain"/>

==Territory==
{{Location map+
|India
|float = right
|width = 220
|caption = In the [[Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yashodharman|Mandsaur pillar inscription]], Yashodharman claims he controlled the territory from the neighbourhood of Lauhitya ([[Brahmaputra River]]) to the "Western Ocean" (Western [[Indian Ocean]]), and from the [[Himalayas]] to mountain [[Mahendragiri (Odisha)|Mahendra]].<ref name="RS11"/> He also claims he defeated the [[Hunas]] at [[Sondani inscription|Sondani]].<ref name="p.145"/>
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |India |lat=24.07|N |long=75.08|E |label=[[Sondani inscription|Battle of Sondani]]|position=top |label_size=70|mark=Red Star.gif|marksize=20}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=19|N |long=84.33|E |label=[[Mahendragiri (Odisha)|Mahendra]]|position=bottom |label_size=70|mark=AS-góra-icon.svg|marksize=20}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=30|N |long=82|E |label=[[Himalayas]] |position=right |label_size=70|mark=AS-góra-icon.svg|marksize=20}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=19|N |long=70|E |label=[[Indian Ocean|"Western Ocean"]]|position=bottom |label_size=70|mark=Emoji u1f32b.svg|marksize=30}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=23.2|N |long=89.66|E |label=[[Brahmaputra River]]|position=top |label_size=70|mark=RiverIcon-delta.svg|marksize=20}}
{{Location map~|Near East|lat=34.5|N|long=40|E|position=left|label_size= |mark=Red circle (thin).svg|marksize=110|label=}}
}}
The second [[Aulikara]] dynasty initially controlled the [[Malwa]] plateau, but at its peak under [[Yashodharman]] Vishnuvardhana controlled a vast area, consisting of almost all of [[Northern India]] and northern parts of the [[Deccan]] plateau.<ref name="jain"/>

===Establishment===
Aulikara rulers such as Adityavardhana and Dravyavardhana expanded their kingdom<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Kailash Chand |title=Malwa Through The Ages |date=31 December 1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0824-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&dq=Aulikara+Empire&pg=PA250 |language=en}}</ref> and one of their successors [[Yashodharman]] conquered vast territories from the [[Hunas]] and [[Guptas]] after the [[Battle of Sondani]], defeating the Huna Chief Mihirakula around 528 A.D.,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Pradeep |title=YASHODHARMAN ~ यशोधर्मा,King of Malwa kept Malichha(Non Hindus), on defensive for 600 years. |url=https://www.shankhnad.org/2015/03/yashodharman-king-of-malwa-kept.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Studies in Ancient Indian History |url=https://sahitya.marathi.gov.in/ebooks/Studies%20in%20Ancient%20Indian%20History.pdf |website=sahitya.marathi.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fleet |first=John Faithfull |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463254 |title=Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors |date=1960}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fleet |first=John Faithful |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108395 |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.3 (inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings) |date=1981}}</ref> thus establishing the short-lived Aulikara empire.<ref name="p.18">Tribal Culture, Faith, History And Literature, Narayan Singh Rao, Mittal Publications, 2006 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pplg_F0VyVEC&pg=PA18 p.18]</ref><ref name="p.145">Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol 3 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358795 p.145]</ref><ref name="Sagar">Foreign Influence on Ancient India by Krishna Chandra Sagar [https://books.google.com/books?id=0UA4rkm9MgkC&pg=PA216 p.216]</ref> Yashodharman's capitol was almost certainly [[Dashapura]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dwivedi |first=Gautam N. |title=The Date and Identity of Yasodharman-Visnuvardhana |date=1966 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140389 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=28 |pages=45–50 |jstor=44140389 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Atherton |first=Cynthia Packert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkxXK5wFob4C&dq=Ya%C5%9Bodharman+Aulikara&pg=PA125-IA5 |title=The Sculpture of Early Medieval Rajasthan |date=1997 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-10789-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Balogh |first=Dániel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUDEDwAAQBAJ&q=Heated+debate+&pg=PA29 |title=Inscriptions of the Aulikaras and Their Associates |date=2019-10-28 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-064978-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bakker |first=Hans T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfpPEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ya%C5%9Bodharman+Aulikara+Da%C5%9Bapura&pg=PA94 |title=The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia |date=2020-03-31 |publisher=Barkhuis |isbn=978-94-93194-06-9 |language=en}}</ref> probably established by Yashodharman<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atherton |first=Cynthia Packert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkxXK5wFob4C&dq=Ya%C5%9Bodharman+Aulikara+Da%C5%9Bapura&pg=PA87 |title=The Sculpture of Early Medieval Rajasthan |date=1997 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-10789-2 |language=en}}</ref> though initially thought to have been Ujjayinī, which has since been disproven.<ref name=":2" /> Kingdoms such as the [[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Guptas]] and [[Maukhari dynasty]] were their vassals.<ref name="time">{{cite book |last1=Shastri |first1=Ajay Mitra |title=Varāhamihira and His Times |date=1991 |publisher=Kusumanjali Book World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf0MAQAAMAAJ&q=Aulikara+Empire |language=en}}</ref>

===Decline===
Most of the empire disintegrated after [[Yashodharman]]'s death.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sagar |first=Krishna Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UA4rkm9MgkC&pg=PA216 |title=Foreign Influence on Ancient India |date=1992 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-028-4 |language=en}}</ref> Nothing is known about the dynasty after his death, and [[Malwa]] was conquered by the [[Kalachuris of Mahishmati]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMoBAAAAMAAJ&q=Aulikara+Empire| title=Early History of Rajasthan | year=1978 | publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan }}</ref><ref name="time"/>

After the collapse of Aulikara power in Northern India, the [[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Guptas]] and [[Maukharis]] began fighting for imperial supremacy.<ref name="time"/>

==History==
Unlike the first [[Aulikara]] royal house, this royal house was never a [[Gupta]] feudatory.<ref name="agarwal"/>

=== Drumavardhana or Drapavardhana ===
The earliest known member of the second Aulikara dynasty is Drumavardhana (c. 5th century{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=49}}), whom the [[Rīsthal inscription]] describes as a ''Senapati'' (warlord). [[K. V. Ramesh (archaeologist)|K.V. Ramesh]] and S.P. Tiwari read the name as Drapavardhana, while [[Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi|V.V. Mirashi]] reads it as Drumavardhana. Historian [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]] considers both readings as reasonable,{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=56}} but prefers Mirashi's reading because the term "Drapa-vardhana" is meaningless in Sanskrit.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=49}} Dániel Balogh considers the reading to be "Drapa" based on a comparison of the various occurrences of the ligatures "pa" and "ma", and finds "not the slightest indication" of an "u" ''matra'' (vowel symbol). He agrees that the meaning of the name "Drapa-vardhana" is not clear, but also points out that the name "Druma-vardhana" (Sanskrit for "tree grower") does not suit a ''Senapati''. He considers several possibilities, for example (1) "Drapa" was a non-Sanskrit name and the king's successors added "vardhana" to the name (2) the actual name was "Darpa-vardhana" (Sanskrit for "increaser of pride"), but the composer of the inscription changed it to "Drapa-vardhana" to fit the metre.{{sfn|Dániel Balogh|2019|p=141}}

Drapa-vardhana probably served the first Aulikara dynasty as a ''Senapati'',{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=49}} and apparently continued to use the title even after he became a king.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=48}}

=== Drapa-vardhana's successors ===

Drapa-vardhana was succeeded by his son Jayavardhana, who commanded a formidable army. He was succeeded by his son Ajitavardhana. According to the Risthal inscription, he was constantly engaged in performing [[Soma (deity)|Soma]] sacrifices. Ajitavardhana was succeeded by his son Vibhishanavardhana. He was praised in the Risthal inscription for his noble qualities. Vibhishanavardhana's son and successor Rajyavardhana expanded his ancestral kingdom. Rajyavardhana was succeeded by his son Prakashadharma.<ref name="agarwal"/>

===Prakashadharma===
[[File:Sondhni pillar.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The victory pillar of [[Sondani]], commemorating the victory of the Aulikaras against the [[Alchon Huns]].]]
Prakashadharma was a notable king of this dynasty, who assumed the title, ''Adhiraja''. The [[Rīsthal inscription]] gives us information about his achievements.
[[File:Risthal inscription rubbing.jpg|thumb|[[Rīsthal inscription]] of Prakashadharma]]
It records the construction of a tank and a [[Shiva]] temple at Risthal by Bhagavaddosha, a ''Rajasthaniya'' (viceroy) of Prakashadharma. This inscription mentions that Prakashadharma defeated the [[Huna people|Huna]] ruler [[Toramana]], sacked his camp and had taken away the ladies of his harem. The tank constructed at Risthal during his reign was named after his grandfather as ''Vibhishanasara''. He also constructed a temple dedicated to [[Brahma]] at Dashapura.<ref name="agarwal"/> During the excavation at Mandsaur in 1978 by a team of [[Vikram University]], [[Ujjain]], led by [[V. S. Wakankar|V.S. Wakankar]], his two glass seals inscribed with the legend ''Shri Prakashadharma'' were found.<ref name="wakankar">Wakankar, V.S. (1981) ''Aulikara Vamsha ke Itihas par Naya Prakash'' (in Hindi) in M.D. Khare ed. ''Malwa through the Ages'', Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh, pp,278-9</ref> In all probabilities he was succeeded by his son Yashodharma Vishnuvarma.<ref name="agarwal"/>

An undated fragmentary Mandsaur inscription provides a name of a suzerain ruler Adityavardhana and his feudatory ''Maharaja'' Gauri. Adityavardhana has been recently identified with Prakashadharma by a historian Ashvini Agarwal.<ref name="ojha1">Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, {{ISBN|81-85212-78-3}}, pp.37-41</ref> The Chhoti Sadri inscription dated Malava Samvat 547 (490 CE) and written by Bhramarasoma, son of Mitrasoma supplies a genealogy of Adityavardhana's feudatory ruler, ''Maharaja'' Gauri. The first ruler of this Manavayani [[kshatriya]] family was Punyasoma. He was succeeded by his son Rajyavardhana. Rashtravardhana was the son of Rajyavardhana. Rashtravardhana's son and successor was Yashogupta. The last ruler of this family, Gauri was son of Yashogupta. He excavated a tank at Dashapura for the merit of his deceased mother.<ref name="jain"/> This inscription also mentions the name of a prince, Gobhata but his relationship with Gauri is not known.<ref name="ojha1"/>

===Yashodharman===
[[File:The defeat of the Ephalites, or White Huns A.D. 528.jpg|thumb|The [[Battle of Sondani|defeat of the Alchon Huns under Mihirakula by King Yashodharma at Sondani]] in 528 CE.]]
{{Main|Yashodharman}}
The most prominent and greatest king of this dynasty was Yashodharma Vishnuvardhana. Yashodharma's two identical undated [[Mandsaur]] victory pillar inscriptions (found at Sondani, near present-day Mandsaur town) and a stone inscription dated Malava Samvat 589 (532 CE) record the military achievements of him.<ref name="ojha2">Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, {{ISBN|81-85212-78-3}}, pp.19-20</ref> All of these inscriptions were first published by [[John Faithfull Fleet]] in 1886. The undated pillar inscriptions, which were also written by poet Vasula, son of Kakka say that his feet were worshipped by the Huna ruler [[Mihirakula]]. These also state that his feudatories from the vicinity of the river ''Lauhitya'' ([[Brahmaputra]]) in the east, from the ''Mahendra'' mountains ([[Eastern Ghats]]) in the south, up to the [[Himalayas]] in the north and the ''Paschima Payodhi'' (Western Ocean) in the west came to the seat of his empire to pay homage.<ref name="agarwal"/><ref name="RS11">{{cite journal |last1=Salomon |first1=Richard |title=New Inscriptional Evidence For The History Of The Aulikaras of Mandasor |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |date=1989 |volume=32 |issue=1 |page=11 |doi=10.1163/000000089790082971 |issn=0019-7246|jstor=24654606 }}</ref> he assumed the titles, ''Rajadhiraja'' and ''Parameshvara''.<ref name="agarwal"/> Yashodharma's dated inscription informs us that in 532 CE, Nirdosha, his ''Rajasthaniya'' was governing the area between the [[Vindhyas]] and the ''Pariyatra''s ([[Aravalis]]) and his headquarters was Dashapura. Probably the rule of the Aulikaras ended with Yashodharma<ref name="jain"/>

[[File:Mandasor_stone_pillar_inscription_of_Yashodharman.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mandasor Pillar Inscriptions of Yasodharman|Mandasor stone pillar inscription of Yashodharman]].]]
In Line 5 of the [[Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yashodharman|Mandsaur pillar inscription]], Yashodharman is said to have vanquished his enemies and to now control the territory from the neighbourhood of the (river) Lauhitya ([[Brahmaputra River]]) to the "Western Ocean" (Western [[Indian Ocean]]), and from the [[Himalayas]] to mountain [[Mahendragiri (Odisha)|Mahendra]].<ref name="p.145"/><ref name="Sagar"/>

Yashodharman thus conquered vast territories from the Hunas and the Guptas,<ref name="p.18"/> although his short-lived empire would ultimately disintegrate between 530 and 540 CE.<ref name="Sagar"/>

=== Dravyavardhana ===

The 6th century astronomer [[Varahamihira]] mentions Dravyavardhana as the king of Avanti, who likely belonged to the Aulikara family.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=43}}

Most scholars consider Dravyavardhana to be the immediate successor or predecessor of Yashodharman. Historian [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]] theorizes that Dravyavardhana was a distinct king who flourished sometime after Yashodharman alias Vishnuvardhana.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=43}} Varahamihira states that one of the sources for his ''[[Bṛhat Saṃhitā]]'' was a text on astrology by Dravya-vardhana; the king had written this text after consulting another work by Bharadvaja. According to Shastri, Varahamihira holds Dravya-vardhana in high regard, mentioning his work before other reputed authorities (such as the Seven Sages and [[Vrddha Garga|Garga]]), and using the honorific ''Shri'' only for him. According to Shastri, this suggests that Dravyavardhana was a contemporary of, and possibly, the royal patron of Varahamihira.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=44-45}}

Shastri's main argument is that according to the Risthal inscription, Drapa-vardhana was a ''senapati'' (warlord), while according to Varahamihira, Dravya-vardhana was a ''maharajadhiraja'' (emperor). Balogh notes that Varahamihira actually uses the term ''nrpo maharajadhiraja-kah'' (''nrpa'' or ruler "connected to the emperor") for the king and that only one manuscript reads ''maharajadhirajah'', which he considers to be unimportant as it doesn't fit the metre; three others have ''maharajdhiraja-jah''. Based on this, Balogh concludes that the actual title of Drapa-vardhana was ''nrpa'', which is much closer to ''senapati'' in status. [[Utpala (astronomer)|Utpala]], the author of the earliest extant commentary on ''Bṛhat Saṃhitā'', interprets the term ''maharajadhiraja-kah'' to mean "born in the dynasty of the (or an) emperor".{{sfn|Dániel Balogh|2019|pp=141-142}} [[Hans T. Bakker|Hans Bakker]] interprets the term to ''maharajadhiraja-kah'' as a governor installed at [[Ujjayini]] by the contemporary Gupta emperor.{{sfn|Dániel Balogh|2019|p=143}} Balogh suggests that Dravya-vardhana was probably same as Drapa-vardhana: "Dravya" may be a variant arising from a mistake in a medieval manuscript, which is the source of later manuscripts.{{sfn|Dániel Balogh|2019|p=143}}

==Art and architecture==
{{see also|Sondani|Gupta art}}
[[File:Vidyadharas.jpg|right|thumb|300px|[[Vidyadhara]], Sondani, circa 525 CE. [[National Museum, New Delhi]].]]
The most significant monuments which definitely belong to the Aulikara period are two freestanding victory pillars of Yashodharma Vishnuvardhana bearing his inscriptions. These almost identical pillars, situated at [[Sondani]], a suburb about 2 kilometers to the southeast of the Aulikara capital of [[Mandsaur]], are made of sandstone. The height of the entire column is 44 ft 5 in. Its square base is 4 ft 5 in high and 3 ft 4 in wide. The bell-shaped capital is 5 ft 2 in high. Its shaft is sixteen faced round. Most probably there was a crowning statue, which has not been found.<ref name="ojha6">Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, {{ISBN|81-85212-78-3}}, pp.99-100</ref> The sculptures at [[Sondani]] and surrounding areas of [[Mandsaur]] are a good marker for the final period of Gupta Art, as they were commissioned by [[Yasodharman]] (ruled 515 – 545 CE) around 525 CE, in celebration of his victory against the [[Alchon Hun]] king [[Mihirakula]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pro.geo.univie.ac.at/projects/khm/showcases/showcase9?language=en |title=Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101061621/http://pro.geo.univie.ac.at/projects/khm/showcases/showcase9?language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Joanna |title=The Sculpture of Mandasor |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=1972 |volume=26 |page=63 |jstor=20111042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20111042.pdf |issn=0066-6637}}</ref> This corresponds to the last phase of Gupta cultural and political unity in the subcontinent, and after that point and for the next centuries, Indian politics became extremely fragmented, with the territory being divided between smaller dynasties.<ref>"The reign of Yasodharman thus forms an important dividing point between the period of the imperial Guptas, whom he emulated, and the following centuries, when India fell into a kaleidoscopic confusion of shifting smaller dynasties" in {{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Joanna |title=The Sculpture of Mandasor |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=1972 |volume=26 |page=52 |jstor=20111042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20111042.pdf |issn=0066-6637}}</ref> The art of Sondani is considered as transitional between Gupta art and the art of [[Medieval India]]: it represents "an aesthetic which hovered between the classical decorum of Gupta art on the one hand and on the other the medieval canons which subordinated the figure to the larger religious purpose".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Joanna |title=The Sculpture of Mandasor |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=1972 |volume=26 |page=64 |jstor=20111042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20111042.pdf |issn=0066-6637}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Sondhni overview.jpg|A victory pillar of Yashodharma at [[Sondani]], [[Mandsaur district]]
File:Sondhni, two Dvarapalas.jpg|Sondhni, two [[Dvarapalas]]
File:Sondhni pillar capital.jpg|Sondhni pillar capital
File:Prakasheshvara in Mandasor Fort.jpg|[[Shiva|Prakasheshvara]] in [[Mandsaur Fort]]
</gallery>

==List of rulers==
<mapframe text="[[Find spot]]s of the Aulikara inscriptions" width="300" height="300" zoom="4" longitude="75.45" latitude="23.80" align="right">
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The following Aulikara rulers are known from epigraphic evidence:{{efn|The predecessors of Prakasha-dharman are known from his 515-516 CE [[Rīsthal inscription]].{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=47}} The connection between Prakasha-dharman and Yashodharman is evident from the fact that Vasula, son of Kakka, composed the text of Prakasha-dharman's Risthal inscription as well as that of Yashodharman's [[Mandasor Pillar Inscriptions of Yasodharman|undated Mandsor inscription]]. The stanzas of the inscriptions mentioning this fact are identical. Yashodharman ruled a few years after Prakasha-dharman, as attested by his [[Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana|532 CE Mandsor inscription]], and was probably his successor.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=48}} }}

* ''Senapati'' Drapa-vardhana; alternatively read as Druma-vardhana, and identified by some with king Dravya-vardhana mentioned by [[Varahamihira]] ([[#Drapa-vardhana|see above]])
* Jaya-vardhana
* ''Ajita-vardhana'' or ''Jita-vardhana'' {{efn|K.V. Ramesh and S.P. Tiwari read the name as Ajita-vardhana. V.V. Mirashi reads it as Jita-vardhana. A.M. Shastri considers ''Ajita-vardhana'' as more likely to be correct.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=56}} }}
* Vibhishana-vardhana
* Rajya-vardhana
* Prakasha-dharman (fl. 515-516 CE){{efn|The Risthal inscription also calls Prakasha-dharman ''Bhagvat-prakasha'', which V.V. Mirashi incorrectly believed to be the first ruler of the dynasty.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=56}} }}
* Yashodharman alias Vishnuvardhana{{efn|The alternative name "Vishnu-vardhana" is absent in Yashodharman's own inscriptions. It is known only from an inscription of the family of his ''Rajasthaniya''.{{sfn|A.M. Shastri|1991|p=56}}}}
* Possibly ''Maharajadhiraja'' Dravya-vardhana ([[#Drapa-vardhana|see above]])

==See also==
* [[Aulikaras|First Aulikara dynasty]]
* [[Yashodharman]]
* [[Malwa]]
* [[Battle of Sondani]]
* [[List of rulers of Malwa]]
* [[Shiladitya of Malwa|Shiladitya]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=A.M. Shastri |author-link=Ajay Mitra Shastri |title=Varāhamihira and His Times |year=1991 |publisher=Kusumanjali |oclc=28644897 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf0MAQAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=Dániel Balogh |title=Inscriptions of the Aulikaras and Their Associates |year=2019 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=9783110649789 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUDEDwAAQBAJ }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:History of Malwa]]
[[Category:Aulikara dynasty]]
[[Category:History of Ujjain]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 540s]]

Nayapala

2026-01-01T00:42:08Z

Tanjerul Islam: correct structure for accuracy

{{Short description|Pala emperor from 1026 to 1041}}
{{About|the king of the [[Pala Empire|Pala dynasty]]|the king of the [[Kamboja-Pala Dynasty]]|Naya Pala (Kamboja)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| reign = 1026–1041
| succession = [[Pala Empire|Pala Emperor]]
| predecessor = [[Mahipala]]
| successor = [[Vigrahapala III]]
| dynasty = [[Pala Empire|Pala]]
| spouse = Uddaka (likely)<ref>{{cite book | last1=Pal | first1=Pratapaditya | author-link=Pratapaditya Pal | last2=Meech-Pekarik | first2=Julia | title=Buddhist Book Illuminations | publisher=Ravi Kumar Publishers | date=1988 | isbn=978-0-87817-328-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I4BIAQAAIAAJ | page=36 |quote=The well-known and richly illustrated manuscript of the Pancharaksha, now in the Cambridge University Library, was commissioned by Queen Uddaka during the reign of King Nayapala in the year 14, or around 1054. Very likely, she was one of Nayapala’s queens. This may be the only example of an illuminated manuscript commissioned as a royal benefaction by a Pala queen...}}</ref>
| issue = [[Vigrahapala III]]
| father = [[Mahipala]]
| religion = [[Shaivism]]<ref>Alexis Sanderson (2009). "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period".</ref>
}}
{{Pala Empire}}
'''Nayapala''' (ruled 1026–1041)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laha |first=Gopal |date=2017 |title=Revised Genealogy, Chronology & Regnal Years of the Kings of the Pala Dynasty in the Light of the Latest Discoveries, Decipherment and Presentation (750-1200 A.d) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26906092 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=78 |pages=258 |jstor=26906092 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> is the name of twelfth ruler of the [[Pala Empire|Pala dynasty]] of eastern [[Indian subcontinent]], mainly the [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]] regions.
Nayapala, the son of [[Mahipala|Mahipala I]], defeated the Kalachuri king [[Lakshmikarna|Karna]] after a long struggle. The two later signed a peace treaty at the mediation of the Buddhist scholar [[Atiśa]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Chowdhury |first=AM |year=2012 |chapter=Pala Dynasty |chapter-url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pala_Dynasty |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

Nayapala's Siyan inscription suggests that he built several temples dedicated to Shiva and his various aspects (such as Bhairava), plus temples dedicated to the Nine Durgas, the Mother Goddess, Vishnu, and Lakshmi.

==See also==
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pala, Naya}}
[[Category:Pala emperors]]
[[Category:1055 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Archeparchy of Kalyan

2025-12-14T04:14:35Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Short description|Eastern Catholic Archeparchy in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Archeparchy
| name = Kalyan
| local = ܐܪܟܝܕܝܘܩܝܐ ܕܟܲܠܝܵܢ
| image =Kalyan_diocese.png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =

| country = {{flag|India}}
| territory = Civil districts Mumbai City, Mumbai Suburban, Thane, Raigad, Pune, Palghar, Nasik, Kolhapur, Sangli, Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Satara, Solapur, Dhule, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Jalna, Parbhani, Beed (Bhir), Nanded, Latur, Osmanabad, Buldhana, and Akola, together with the entire State of Goa, comprising the two civil districts of South Goa and North Goa.
| province =
| metropolitan =
| archdeaconries =
| deaneries =
| subdivisions =
| coordinates = 

| area_km2 =
| area_sqmi = 
| area_footnotes =
| population =
| population_as_of = 2013
| catholics = 1,00,000
| catholics_percent =
| parishes = 101
| churches = 
| congregations = 
| schools = 
| members = 

| denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
| rite = [[East Syriac Rite]]
| cathedral = Cathedral of St Thomas in [[Kalyan]], India
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas Apostle]]
| patron_title = 
| priests = 176

| pope = Mar {{Incumbent pope}} 
| patriarch =
| major_archbishop = Mar [[Raphael Thattil]]
| metro_archbishop = [[Sebastian Vaniyapurackal|Mar Sebastian Vaniyapurackal]] {{Lang|syc|ܣܒܣܛܝܢ ܘܢܝܐܦܘܪܟܠ
}}
| bishop =
| bishop_title = 
| coadjutor =
| suffragans = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Chanda|Eparchy of Chanda]] [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Rajkot|Eparchy of Rajkot]]
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general =
| episcopal_vicar =
| archdeacons = 
| emeritus_bishops = [[Mar Thomas Elavanal]] {{Lang|syc| ܡܵܪܝ ܬܐܘܿܡܐܵ ܐܲܦܸܣܩܘܿܦܵܐ
}}

| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website = [http://www.kalyandiocese.com/ Website of the Diocese]

[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tom.blchavarachurch.eparchyofkalyan&hl=en/ Android App]
| footnotes =
|latin=|coat=|flag=|headquarters=|founded=|dissolved=|language=}}
The '''Archeparchy of Kalyan''' is an [[Eastern Catholic]] [[Archeparchy]] in [[India]] within the [[Syro-Malabar Church]], based in [[Kalyan]], India. The eparchy was established to cater the spiritual needs of the Syro Malabar Christians based in the Indian State of Maharashtra including the metropolitan cities of [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]] and [[Nashik|Nasik]]. Its first bishop was Mar Paul Chittilapilly. The Eparchy celebrated its silver jubilee in the year 2013. Mar [[Thomas Elavanal]] MCBS then shepherded the Eparchy until 2025. The second session of the xxxiii synod of bishops of the Syro-Malabar Church elected Mar [[Sebastian Vaniyapurackal]] the then curia bishop of the Syro-Malabar Church to the office of the bishop of Kalyan.

== Establishment ==
Migration of the Syro-Malabar Catholics to [[Mumbai]] and other major cities of Maharashtra like [[Pune]], [[Nashik|Nasik]], etc. and other parts of our country, started in nineteen fifties and sixties after Indian Independence, seeking employment and better prospects of life. Hundreds of thousands of Christians of the [[Syro-Malabar Church]] who thus migrated were in a totally alien atmosphere with regard to their religious and spiritual life. They depended on the local Latin Church for their spiritual needs in the absence of Syro-Malabar jurisdiction. The priests of the Latin Dioceses were taking care of their spiritual needs. Yet they preferred to preserve their ecclesial traditions and heritage intact and to transmit them to their children. A formation in keeping with the spiritual, liturgical and ecclesial traditions of the Mother Church was obviously lacking. In order to preserve their faith and cultural heritage intact, the Syro-Malabar Catholics organized several spiritual exercises like the Lenten retreats and confessions, prayer meetings, Holy Mass Celebrations, etc.

In the light of the teachings of the [[Second Vatican Council|II Vatican council]], the problems related to the migration as well as the theology and ecclesiology of individual Churches were taken for discussions in CBCI meetings especially by [[Joseph Powathil|Mar Joseph Powathil]]. Articles and memorandum prepared and published by [[Placid J. Podipara|Fr. Placid Podippara]], Msgr. Mathew Vellanickal, Fr. Xavier Koodapuzha have caused warmth for discussions. In fact an all India seminar "The Church in India Today" paved the way to seriously discuss on this matter. The conclusions, suggestions, recommendations of the seminar were adopted by the CBCI and Committee for Rites was formed to deepen the matter. It was [[Pope John Paul I]], who appointed an Apostolic Visitor, [[Antony Padiyara|Mar Antony Padiyara]], on 8 September 1978 to study the situation of the migrant Syro-Malabar Catholics. Fr. Xavier Koodapuzha was the secretary of the Apostolic Visitor. On 3 February 1979 to study the life situation and problems of Syro-Malabar Catholics [[Antony Padiyara|Mar Antony Padiyara]] reached Mumbai and Kerala Catholic Association gave him all the necessary helps to study the situations especially the problems of Nurses. Eighteen meetings were held in different parts of Mumbai from 4 February 1979 to 18 February 1979.

A report was submitted in 1980. The matter was discussed in the CBCI from 1982 to 1985. At last, in the Synod held at Rome in 1985, the Bishops from the Oriental Churches spoke strongly on the rights of the Oriental Churches in India. On 1 February 1986 when Pope John Paul II addressed the Bishops of India in Delhi, he assured them of an earlier settlement of the problem and elicited the co-operation of all concerned. This was followed by the appointment of a high level Pontifical Commission. On the basis of this Commission's report, came the all-important letter of [[Pope John Paul II]] to the Bishops of India on 28 May 1987. On 30 April 1988, [[Pope John Paul II]] established the Eparchy of Kalyan comprising the areas of [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Pune]] and [[Nashik|Nasik]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> On 4 May 1988, the Apostolic Pre-Nuncio served the letter concerning the erection of the New Eparchy of Kalyan. This also involved the appointment of its very first bishop Mar Paul Chittilapilly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> On 24 August 1988, the Eparchy of Kalyan was inaugurated. Along with this, there also took place the consecration of its first Bishop Mar Paul Chittilapilly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> On 29 June 1991, the first curia of the Eparchy was set up which involved the Vicar General, the Chancellor and the Finance Officer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> In August 1991, the Bishop’s House was inaugurated at Powai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> On 8 February 1997, [[Thomas Elavanal|Mar Thomas Elavanal]] was consecrated and enthroned as the new Bishop of the Eparchy of Kalyan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> For facilitating the formation of seminarians aspiring to become priests in the eparchy of Kalyan, the Eparchial Minor Seminary was blessed and inaugurated by [[Thomas Elavanal|Mar Thomas Elavanal]] at [[Panvel]] on 1 July 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> On 20 November 2011, the Cathedral church of the Eparchy (St Thomas Cathedral Church) was consecrated and blessed in Kalyan West.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> On 2 October 2012, the Animation and Renewal Centre (ARC) was blessed in [[Panvel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> In November 2013, the Eparchy of Kalyan celebrated its silver jubilee year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diocese of Kalyan {{!}} Eparchy of Kalyan {{!}} Milestones faced for Bishop {{!}}Milestones {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/about/milestones/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Parishes under the Archeparchy of Kalyan==
There are, at present, 101 parishes under the Eparchy of Kalyan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Parishes {{!}} List of Our Parishes Maharashtra {{!}} List of Diocese Kalyan Parishes Maharashtra {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/parish/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> The Cathedral Church of the Eparchy is in Kalyan West (St Thomas Cathedral Church). There are 14 foranes in the Eparchy of Kalyan: Andheri, Antop Hill, Borivli, Kalina, Kalyan, Malad, Nasik, Navi Mumbai, Panvel, Powai, Pune, South-Mumbai, Thane and Vasai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forane & Forane Vicars {{!}} Forane and Forane Vicars {{!}}Forane and Forane Vicars in Mumbai {{!}} Forane and Forane Vicars India {{!}} Diocese Of Kalyan|url=https://kalyandiocese.com/curia/forane-and-forane-vicars/|access-date=2020-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Ordaniries==
'''Bishops and Archbishops'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.no
! style="background: #efefef;" | Ordinary
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Date and Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Date and Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Paul Chittilapilly]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 24 August 1988
| align="center" | 18 December 1996
|-
| 2
| [[Thomas Elavanal]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 8 February 1997
| align="center" | 28 August 2025
|-
| 3
| [[Sebastian Vaniyapurackal]]
| align="center" | Metropolitan Archbishop
| align="center" | 28 August 2025
| align="center" | ''Present''
|}

==Saints connected with the Eparchy==
* St. [[Bartholomew the Apostle]] is considered to have done missionary activity in the Kalyan region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dioceseofvasai.com/Home/About |title=About Us |publisher=Dioceseofvasai.com |date= |accessdate=2020-02-26}}</ref>

==Ecclesiastical Province of Kalyan==

With the prior consent of the Holy Father, and the unanimous decision of the synod of bishops of the Syro-Malabar Church the Major Archbishop Mar Raphael Thattil has erected the eparchy of Kalyan to an Archeparchy with Kalyan as its Metropolitan See on 28 August 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2025/08/28/0597/01033.html|title=Bolletino Vaticano|publisher=vatican.va |date= |accessdate=2025-08-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kalyandiocese.com/ Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kalyan]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkasm.html Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kalyan] at [[Catholic-Hierarchy]]

{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaylan}}
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic dioceses]]
[[Category:Christianity in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1988|Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kalyan]]

Iragavaram

2025-11-24T04:26:01Z

Tanjerul Islam: quick refined structure for accuracy and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Iragavaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Iragavaram
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Iraga-varam''' is a village in the [[West Godavari district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in West Godavari district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/westgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=8 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227090556/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Westgodavari.pdf |archivedate=27 February 2012 |format=PDF}}</ref> It is located in [[Iragavaram mandal]] in [[Narsapuram]] revenue division. The nearest railway station is Velpuru (VPU) located at a distance of 7 km.

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Iragavaram had a population of 9568. The total population constitute, 4912 males and 4656 females with a sex ratio of 948 females per 1000 males. 904 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, with sex ratio of 940. The average literacy rate stands at 77.97%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/588666-iragavaram-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Iragavaram Population Census|accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130603191319/http://iragavaram.com/ Iragavaram.com, A non-profit web site presents culture, facts, news of Iragavaram]

{{coord|16|40|47|N|81|42|34|E|region:IN_type:city_source:kolossus-tewiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in West Godavari district]]

{{WestGodavari-geo-stub}}

Palanpur-Gandhidham Express

2025-11-20T15:37:05Z

Tanjerul Islam: article

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Palanpur–Gandhidham Express
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale = [[Gujarat]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|03|12}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Palanpur Junction railway station|Palanpur]] (PNU)
| stops = 31
| end = [[Gandhidham Junction railway station|Gandhidham]] (GIMB)
| distance = {{convert|301|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 6 hours 40 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|Indian}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 19405 / 19406
| speed = {{convert|45|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 19405 / 19406 '''Palanpur–Gandhidham Express''' is a express train belonging to [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{rws|Gandhidham Junction}} and {{rws|Palanpur Junction}}. It is currently being operated with 19405/19406 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-gandhidham-palanpur-passenger-59425/16788/369/132 59425 Gandhidham - Palanpur Passenger]</ref><ref>[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-palanpur-gandhidham-passenger-59426/16789/132/369 59426 Palanpur - Gandhidham Passenger]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.irctchelp.in/2016/06/train-time-table-2016.html#wr19 |title=W.e.f 15/8/2018 New Time Table, Western Railway |access-date=6 January 2019 |archive-date=12 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112211712/https://www.irctchelp.in/2016/06/train-time-table-2016.html#wr19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially, train ran between {{rws|Palanpur Junction}} and {{rws|Bhuj}}. W.e.f 15-08-2018, It has been extended up to {{rws|Gandhidham Junction}}.

== Average speed and frequency ==

19405/Gandhidham-Palanpur Express runs with an average speed of 43 km/h and completes 301 km in 7h. 19406/Palanpur-Gandhidham Express runs with an average speed of 42 km/h and completes 301 km in 7h 5m .

== Route and halts ==

19405/19406 Gandhidham-Palanpur Express route is via {{rws|Bhildi Junction}}, {{rws|Radhanpur}}, {{rws|Samakhiali Junction}}, {{rws|Gandhidham Junction}}.

==Coach composite==

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 15 coaches:

* 13 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Vatva|Vatva Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-4E]] electric locomotive from Palanpur to Gandhidham and vice versa.

== Rake Sharing ==

The train shares its rake with 19151/19152 [[Palanpur - Gandhidham Express|Palanpur - Bhuj Intercity Express]].

== See also ==

* [[Gandhidham Junction railway station]]
* [[Palanpur Junction railway station]]
* [[Palanpur - Gandhidham Express|Palanpur - Bhuj Intercity Express]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhidham - Palanpur Passenger}}
[[Category:Transport in Bhuj]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Slow and fast passenger trains in India]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2012]]

{{India-passenger-train-stub}}

Mecca Masjid blast

2025-10-18T16:18:42Z

Tanjerul Islam: added references

#REDIRECT [[Makkah Masjid bombing]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Gobardanga

2025-10-10T18:13:33Z

Tanjerul Islam: improved references for consistency

{{Short description|Town in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gobardanga
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Gobardanga Zamindar House.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Gobardanga Zamindar House
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.87|88.76|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Gobardanga.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Gobardanga, India|work=fallingrain.com}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = Gobardanga Municipality
| leader_title = Municipality Chairman
| leader_name = Sankar Dutta<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/24pargana-news/tushar-ghosh-becomes-the-new-chairman-of-gobardanga-municipality/articleshow/85523268.cms/ |title=Official Granted Chairman |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824173716/https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/24pargana-news/tushar-ghosh-becomes-the-new-chairman-of-gobardanga-municipality/articleshow/85523268.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Gobardanga City|url=http://gobardangamunicipality.org/Default.aspx?PageId=168}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 13.50
| elevation_footnotes = {{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}
| elevation_m = 6
| population_total = 45,377
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangaon]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gaighata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gaighata]]
| website = {{URL|
http://www.gobardangamunicipality.org/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gobardanga''' is a Town and a Municipality in [[Barasat sadar subdivision]]<ref>[http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm District-wise list of statutory towns] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163402/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. Founded on 20 April 1870, it is one of the oldest municipalities of [[West Bengal]].

==Etymology==
The word ''Gobardanga'' derives from [[Sanskrit]]. It consists of three words, go-bar-danga. ''Go'' means "world/earth", ''bar'' means "greatest" and ''danga'' refers to "place" which literally means, ''the greatest place on earth''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Gobardanga |url=https://gobardanga.westbengalonline.in/guide/about-gobardanga}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=500| height=500| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|36|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Barasat subdivision, North 24 Parganas''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|48|55|N|88|37|48|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Anarbaria | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Anarbaria]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|44|26|N|88|31|20|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Bamangachhi| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Bamangachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|48|49|N|88|36|1|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bara Bamonia| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bara Bamonia]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|50|51|N|88|44|54|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Betpuli| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Betpuli]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|47|13|N|88|34|24|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bira| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bira, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|44|4|N|88|28|29|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Chak Barbaria| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chak Barbaria]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|45|48|N|88|32|8|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Chandrapur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Chandrapur, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|46|42|N|88|33|45|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Chatta Baria| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Chatta Baria]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|38|25|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Deara| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Deara]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|41|40|N|88|41|4|E}} | label-pos10=bottom|label10= Deulia| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Deulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|54|40|N|88|32|4|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Dhania| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Dhania, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|45|19|N|88|31|29|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Digha| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Digha, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|46|32|N|88|33|10|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Duttapukur| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Duttapukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|47|10|N|88|32|22|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Gangapur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Gangapur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|54|13|N|88|44|28|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Gobardanga| numbered15=M| mark-title15=Gobardanga (M)|shape-color15=black| label-size15=13|label-color15=black 
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|49|20|N|88|36|36|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Guma| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Guma, India]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|46|15|N|88|34|10|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Joypul| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Joypul]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|48|23|N|88|35|47|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Khorddabamonia| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Khorddabamonia]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|45|35|N|88|26|34|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Kokapur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Kokapur, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|42|22|N|88|32|28|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Koyra| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Koyra, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|45|5|N|88|31|2|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Kulberia| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Kulberia]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|51|20|N|88|44|40|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Maslandapur| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Maslandapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|52|23|N|88|44|22|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Nokpul| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Nokpul]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|47|50|N|88|35|0|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Purbba Narayanpur| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Purbba Narayanpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|51|46|N|88|45|0|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Sadpur| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Sadpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|31|10|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Shibalaya| numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Shibalaya]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|40|N|88|29|10|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27= Barasat| numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Barasat]] (M)| shape-color27= #800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|49|58|N|88|37|58|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ashoknagar Kalyangarh| numbered28=M| mark-title28=[[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh]] (M) | shape-color28= #800000
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|50|42|N|88|39|1|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Habra| numbered29=M| mark-title29=[[Habra]] (M) | shape-color29= #800000
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|42|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Madhyamgram| numbered30=M| mark-title30=[[Madhyamgram]] (M) | shape-color30= #800000
|mark-coord31={{coord|22|42|37|N|88|41|18|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31=Chandraketugarh| numbered31=H| mark-title31= [[Chandraketugarh]] (H)| shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|48|18|N|88|30|23|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Amdanga| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Amdanga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|22|45|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33=Barbaria| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Barbaria (village)]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|22|42|5|N|88|41|24|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34=Berachampa| numbered34=R| mark-title34= [[Berachampa]] (R) |shape-color34=#C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|22|43|41|N|88|27|12|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35=Berunanpukuria| numbered35=R| mark-title35= [[Berunanpukuria]] (R) |shape-color35=#C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|22|44|50|N|88|32|7|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Chhota Jagulia| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Chhota Jagulia]] (R) |shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|22|41|39|N|88|38|58|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37= Deganga| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Deganga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color37=#C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|22|40|11|N|88|31|16|E}} | label-pos38=left|label38= Krishnapur Madanpur| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Krishnapur Madanpur]] (R) |shape-color38=#C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|22|50|39|N|88|34|5|E}} | label-pos39=left|label39= Sabdalpur| numbered39=R| mark-title39= [[Sabdalpur]] (R) |shape-color39=#C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|22|39|56|N|88|34|57|E}} | label-pos40=right|label40= Shasan| numbered40=R| mark-title40= [[Shasan, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color40=#C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|22|38|30|N|88|37|0|E}} | label41= Bidyadhari River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= 10| label-pos41=right| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|22|54|0|N|88|43|30|E}} | label42= Jamuna |labela42=River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 60| label-pos42=right| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none}}

===Location===
Gobardanga is situated on the banks of the river [[Jamuna (West Bengal)|Jamuna]]. It is located 22.880149°N and 88.760791°E in the district of North 24 parganas of West Bengal.

There is a horse bow lake named ''Kankona Baorh'' at Media, Gobardanga. It is an open mouthed bangle shaped water body. The lake resembles a Kankon, worn by ladies hence it is being named Kankona Baorh. It is a beautiful lush green place with scenic as well as touring potential. Lots of migratory birds come here in the winter time.
{{Bengal Zamindars series}}

===Area overview===
The area covered in the map alongside is largely a part of the north Bidyadhari Plain. located in the lower [[Ganges Delta]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 13 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 16 April 2018}}</ref> The country is flat. It is a little raised above flood level and the highest ground borders the river channels.<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hkj2xOrEwkC&q=24+parganas+district+gazetteer&pg=PA1|title = Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas|last = LSS O’Malley|pages=1-4|year = 2009| publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn = 9788172681937| access-date = 3 May 2018 }}</ref> 54.67% of the people of the densely populated area lives in the urban areas and 45.33% lives in the rural areas.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==History==
It has a wide prevailing history. Gobardanga had been governed by [[Brahmin]] Zamindars of bharadwaj gotra in pre-old days. Their descendants still reside in their ancestral home and maintaining all regulations, worship Goddess [[Durga]] as per their tradition during the Durga Puja days. Close to it is the Gobardanga Prasannomoyee Kali Mandir. Established by then Zamindar Kaliprassana Mukhopaddhyay, the temple faced southwards has Goddess Kali along with 12 other shrines of Lord [[Shiva]] distributed into 6 shrines on either side of the temple. According to certain theories and statements, Rani [[Rani Rashmoni]], founder of [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple|Dakshineshwar Kali temple]], [[Dakshineswar|Dakshineshwar]], Kolkata, had once travelled down the Jamuna river and reached Gobardanga and came across the temple, from which she got the idea of constructing the Dakshineshwar Kali temple along with 12 other shrines of Lord Shiva. This temple is quite popular and people from nearby and far away areas often visit this temple for their prayers.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}{{POV|date=February 2025}}

== Transport ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2015}}
[[Gobardanga railway station]] is 58 km from [[Sealdah railway station]] on the [[Sealdah–Hasnabad–Bangaon–Ranaghat line|Sealdah–Bangaon branch line]] of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]]. From Sealdah it is next to [[Maslandapur railway station]] and before [[Thakurnagar railway station]]. Road distance between Bongaon and Gobardanga is almost 25 km. [[Buses]], [[Auto-rickshaw]], [[Electric rickshaw]] are the most commonly used mode of transport.

== Demographics ==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Gobardanga had a total population of 45,377, of which 23,025 (51%) were males and 22,352 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 3,481. The total number of literates in Gobardanga was 38,461 (91.80% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 May 2018 }}</ref>

As of 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Gobardanga had a population of 41,618. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Gobardanga has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 75%. In Gobardanga, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Education ==

=== Higher education ===
Gobardanga has a degree college named [[Gobardanga Hindu College]] which is affiliated with [[West Bengal State University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Affiliated College of West Bengal State University |url=http://www.wbsubcollegeinfo.org/list_colleges.php |access-date=10 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029065002/http://www.wbsubcollegeinfo.org/list_colleges.php |archive-date=29 October 2012 }}</ref> It also has a [[Bachelor of Education|B.Ed]] college within the campus.

=== School Education ===
* [[Gobardanga Khantura High School]]
* Khantura Girls' High School
* Gobardanga Sri Chaitanya Vidyalaya
* Khantura Pritilata Shikskha Niketan for Boys
* Khantura Pritilata Shikskha Niketan for Girls
* Netaji Vidyapith
* Gobardanga Collegiate High School
* Gobardanga Girls High School
* DPB Deshbandhu Prathamik Vidyalaya
* Khantura Pritilata Shishu Shiksha Niketan
* Oxebow English School
* Subhash Vidyamandir FP School
* Sri Ramakrishna Vidyabhawan
* Sudhir Memorial Institute
* Angel Day School
* NIVEDITA SHISHU TIRTHA

==Recreation==
Gobardanga has a park named 'Kankana park', trivially called 'Coacher Bagan'.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== Notable residents ==
* [[Pramatha Nath Bose]], [[Geologist]] and [[Paleontologist]]
* [[Prabhavathi Devi Saraswathi]], Bengali writer and novelist.

== Healthcare ==
North 24 Parganas district has been identified as one of the areas where ground water is affected by [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb2.htm|title=Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (19 years study)|access-date=2007-08-24|work=Groundwater arsenic contamination status of North 24-Parganas district, one of the nine arsenic affected districts of West Bengal. There's a governmental hospital as well but that usually remains closed due to certain reasons. -India|publisher=SOES|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002938/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb2.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf Map of Habra I CD Block] on Page 289 of District Census Handbook. It also shows the location of Gobardanga.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Page 289 -Map of Habra I CD Block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 1 June 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]

Bhadro

2025-10-09T11:36:44Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Other uses|Bhadrapada}}
{{Infobox month
| image = Kashful in Bangladesh.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Kans Grass, locally known as Kashful, in the backdrop of clear blue sky signals the arrival of Bhadro in Bangladesh
| native_name = {{Native name|bn|ভাদ্র}}
| calendar = * [[Bengali calendar]]
| num = * 5
| days = * 31 (Bangladesh);
* 30/31/32 (India)
| season = Autumn
| gregorian = August-September
| holidays =
| prev_month = [[Srabon]]
| next_month = [[Ashwin]]
}}

'''Bhadro''' ({{langx|bn|ভাদ্র}} ''Bhadrô'') is the fifth month in the [[Bengali calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda|title=Bangabda|website=Banglapedia|language=en|access-date=2017-04-18|archive-date=2018-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105070149/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangabda|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhadro marks the beginning of [[autumn]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/boishakh04/boishakh02.html|title=Nababarsha Special|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-04-18|archive-date=2017-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419103806/http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/boishakh04/boishakh02.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the modified calendar developed by the [[Bangla Academy (Bangladesh)|Bangla Academy]], the month of Bhadro has 31 days from 18 August to 17 September in Bangladesh.

== Etymology ==
Bhadro is named after the star [[Purva Bhadrapada|Purbobhadropod]] ({{langx|bn|পূর্বভাদ্রপদ}} ''Purbôbhadrôpôd'').

== Events ==
* The national poet of Bangladesh, Kazi Nazrul Islam, died on 12 Bhadro 1383.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-200221|title=Nazrul's 35th anniversary of death tomorrow|date=2011-08-26|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-04-18|language=en|archive-date=2017-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419103908/http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-200221|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/nazruls-death-anniversary-today-133309|title=Nazrul's death anniversary today|date=2015-08-27|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-04-18|language=en|archive-date=2017-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705035932/http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/nazruls-death-anniversary-today-133309|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bengali calendar]]
*[[Culture of Bangladesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bengali calendar}}

[[Category:Months of the Bengali calendar]]

{{Bangladesh-stub}}

Kasam Bapu Tirmizi

2025-08-31T08:22:36Z

Tanjerul Islam: expanded content

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
'''Kasam Bapu Tirmizi''' was an Indian politician of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was elected twice from the [[Gandhinagar]] constituency{{clarify|reason=[[Gandhinagar Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] or [[Gandhinagar Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]|date=July 2016}} of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] in 1980 and 1990.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-ex-cong-minister-passes-away-2918786/ | title=Gujarat: Ex-Cong minister passes away | work=[[Indian Express]] |place=Ahmedabad | date=17 July 2016 | accessdate=18 July 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tirmizi, Kasam Bapu}}
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]
{{Gujarat-INC-politician-stub}}

Fourth Chouhan ministry

2025-08-29T12:24:22Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Short description|Indian council of ministers (2020-23)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =
| jurisdiction = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| flag =
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = Shivraj Singh Chauhan (cropped 2).jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]
| date_formed = 23 March 2020
| date_dissolved = 13 December 2023
| government_head = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
| government_head_title = Chief Minister
| government_head_history =
| state_head = {{ubl|[[Lalji Tandon]] {{small|(until 2020)}}|[[Anandiben Patel]], ''Acting'' {{small|(2020{{ndash}}2021)}}|[[Mangubhai C. Patel]] {{small|(from 2021)}}}}
| state_head_title = Governor
| members_number = 31
| former_members_number = 5
| total_number =
| political_parties = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| legislature_status =

* [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
{{Composition bar|163|230|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
* [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
{{Composition bar|66|230|{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}

| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| opposition_leader = [[Govind Singh]]
| election = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| last_election = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| legislature_term = 5 years
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation = 2020
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Kamal Nath ministry]]
| successor = [[Mohan Yadav ministry]]
}}

The '''Shivraj Singh Chauhan Fourth ministry'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/after-running-solo-show-for-almost-a-month-shivraj-chouhan-gets-mini-cabinet-of-5-ministers-amid-pandemic-2586419.html|title=After Running Solo Show for Almost a Month, Shivraj Gets Mini Cabinet of 5 Ministers Amid Pandemic|date=21 April 2020|website=News18.com|access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/bhopal/shivraj-singh-chauhan-cabinet-formed-in-madhya-pradesh-know-about-the-five-ministers/articleshow/75267488.cms|title=शिवराज को 'शक्ति' देने आए 5 लोग, जानिए इनके बारे में पूरी बात|newspaper=[[Navbharat Times]]|access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/madhya-pradesh/shivraj-singh-chouhan-cabinet-expansion-of-madhya-pradesh-lalji-tandon-tulsi-silawat-narottam-mishra|title=29 दिन बाद शिवराज कैबिनेट का विस्तार, कोरोना पर नियंत्रण के लिए मंत्रियों को दिए संभाग|website=Amarujala.com|access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref> was the Council of Ministers in the 15th [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] headed by Chief Minister [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] from March 2000 to December 2023.

==Council of Ministers==
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =Chief Minister General Administration Public Relations Narmada Valley Development Aviation Department '''Other departments not allocated to any Minister'''
| minister1 = [[Shivraj Singh Chauhan]]
| minister1_termstart = 23 March 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Public Works Department Minister of Cottage & Rural Industries
| minister1 = [[Gopal Bhargava]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Home Affairs
| minister1 = [[Narottam Mishra]]
| minister1_termstart = 21 April 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Law Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
| minister1 = [[Narottam Mishra]]
| minister1_termstart = 13 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Agriculture
| minister1 = [[Kamal Patel (politician)|Kamal Patel]]
| minister1_termstart = 21 April 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Welfare
| minister1 = [[Meena Singh (Manpur politician)|Meena Singh]]
| minister1_termstart = 21 April 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Sports & Youth Welfare Minister of Technical Education Minister of Skill Development & Employment
| minister1 = [[Yashodhara Raje Scindia]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Forest
| minister1 = [[Kunwar Vijay Shah]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Finance Minister of Commercial Taxes Minister of Planning, Economic & Statistics
| minister1 = [[Jagdish Devda]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Urban Development Minister of Housing
| minister1 = [[Bhupendra Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Bhupendra Singh]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Labour Minister of Mineral Resources
| minister1 = Brijendra Pratap Singh
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Medical Education Minister of Bhopal Gas Tragedy Relief & Rehabilitation
| minister1 = [[Vishvas Sarang]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Minister of Science & Technology
| minister1 = [[Om Prakash Sakhlecha]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Tourism Minister of Culture Minister of Adhyatm
| minister1 = [[Usha Thakur]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Co-operatives & Public Services Management
| minister1 = Arvind Singh Bhadoria
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Higher Education
| minister1 = [[Mohan Yadav]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Animal Husbandry Minister of Social Justice & Disabled Welfare
| minister1 = Prem Singh Patel
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Health & Family Welfare
| minister1 = [[Narottam Mishra]]
| minister1_termstart = 21 April 2020
| minister1_termend = 13 July 2020
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Prabhuram Choudhary]]
| minister2_termstart = 13 July 2020
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Water Resources Minister of Fisheries
| minister1 = [[Tulsi Silawat]]
| minister1_termstart = 21 April 2020
| minister1_termend = 21 October 2020<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-six-months-over-tulsiram-silawat-govind-singh-rajput-resign-from-cabinet/articleshow/78801891.cms|title = Madhya Pradesh: Six months over, Tulsiram Silawat & Govind Singh Rajput resign from cabinet | Bhopal News - Times of India}}</ref>
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Tulsi Silawat]]
| minister2_termstart = 3 January 2021
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Revenue Minister of Transport
| minister1 = [[Govind Singh Rajput]]
| minister1_termstart = 21 April 2020
| minister1_termend = 21 October 2020<ref name="auto"/>
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Govind Singh Rajput]]
| minister2_termstart = 3 January 2021
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

==Ministers of state==
<ref name="Madhya Pradesh cabinet expanded: List of new ministers">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Madhya Pradesh cabinet expanded: List of new ministers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/madhya-pradesh-cabinet-expanded-list-of-new-ministers/articleshow/76755997.cms?from=mdr |access-date=25 December 2023 |date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225181030/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/madhya-pradesh-cabinet-expanded-list-of-new-ministers/articleshow/76755997.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=25 December 2023}}</ref>
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Horticulture (Independent Charge) Minister of Food Processing Industries (Independent Charge)
| minister1 = Bharat Singh Kushwaha
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of School Education (Independent Charge)
| minister1 = [[Inder Singh Parmar]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Backward Classes & Minorities Welfare (Independent Charge) Minister of Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (Independent Charge) Minister of Rural development & Pancahayat Raj
| minister1 = Ramkhelavan Patel
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of AYUSH (Independent Charge) Minister of Water Resources
| minister1 = Ramkishore Kanware
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Public Health Engineering
| minister1 = [[Brajendra Singh Yadav]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Public Works Department
| minister1 = [[Suresh Dhakad]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Urban Development & Housing
| minister1 = [[O. P. S. Bhadoria]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Agriculture
| minister1 = [[Girraj Dandotiya]]
| minister1_termstart = 2 July 2020
| minister1_termend = November 2020
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

{{Cabinet table end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shivraj Singh Chouhan Fourth ministry}}

[[Category:2020 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2020|Chouhan IV]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh ministries|Chouhan 04]]
[[Category:Chief ministership of Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2023|Chouhan IV]]

Administrative divisions of Kohima

2025-08-18T03:30:21Z

Tanjerul Islam: Creating A Stub!

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
The '''Municipal Wards of Kohima''' are the nineteen ''[[Administrative divisions of India|wards]]'' comprising the capital city of Nagaland, [[Kohima]]. The municipality covers an area of about 20 km² with a population of 115,609.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kohima City Population Census 2011 - Nagaland|url=https://www.indiacensus.net/district/kohima|website=[[2011 Census of India]]|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref> Each ward has its own council government and handles many of the functions that are handled by city governments in other jurisdictions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|title=Map of Kohima|website=Kohima Municipal Council|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210828/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==List of municipal wards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Municipal Wards of Kohima
|-
!style="background-color:crimson" | '''Sector'''
!style="background-color:#DAA520" | '''Name'''
!style="background-color:#32127A" | '''Abbreviations'''
|-
| Ward No. 1
| [[Peraciezie Ward|Peraciezie]] (High School)
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | Ward No. 2
| [[Bayavü Hill Ward|Bayavü Hill]]
|
|-
|[[Sepfüzou Ward|Sepfüzou]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | Ward No. 3
| [[Kenuozou Hill Ward|Kenuozou Hill]]
|
|-
| [[Keziekie Ward|Keziekie]] (North Block)
|
|-
| Ward No. 4
| [[Naga Bazaar Ward|Naga Bazaar]]
|
|-
| Ward No. 5
| [[Kitsübozou Ward|Kitsübozou]]
|
|-
| Ward No. 6
| [[D. Block Ward|D. Block]]
|
|-
| Ward No. 7
| [[Daklane Ward|Daklane]]
|
|-
| Ward No. 8
| [[New Market Ward|New Market]]
|
|-
| Ward No. 9
| [[Midland Ward|Midland]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | Ward No. 10
| [[Thegabakha Ward|Thegabakha]] (Officers' Hill)
|
|-
| [[Naga Hospital Ward|Naga Hospital]]
|
|-
| rowspan=3 | Ward No. 11
| [[Upper PWD Ward|Upper PWD]]
| ''Upper Public Works Department''
|-
| [[Middle PWD Ward|Middle PWD]]
| ''Middle Public Works Department''
|-
| [[Lower PWD Ward|Lower PWD]]
| ''Lower Public Works Department''
|-
| Ward No. 12
| [[Upper Chandmari Ward|Upper Chandmari]]
|
|-
| Ward No. 13
| [[Lower Chandmari Ward|Lower Chandmari]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | Ward No. 14
| [[Dzüvürü Ward|Dzüvürü]] (Porterlane)
|
|-
| [[Old Ministers' Hill Ward|Old Ministers' Hill]]
|
|-
| Ward No. 15
| [[Tsiepfü Tsiepfhe Ward|Tsiepfü Tsiepfhe]] (AG)
| ''Accountant General''
|-
| rowspan=3 | Ward No. 16
| [[New Ministers' Hill Ward|New Ministers' Hill]]
|
|-
| [[Lerie Ward|Lerie]]
|
|-
| [[New Reserve Ward|New Reserve]]
|
|-
| rowspan=4 | Ward No. 17
| [[Agri Farm Ward|Agri Farm]]
|
|-
| [[Upper Mediezie Ward|Upper Mediezie]] (Upper Agri)
|
|-
| [[Electrical Ward|Electrical]]
|
|-
| [[Forest Ward, Kohima|Forest]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | Ward No. 18
| [[Merhülietsa Ward|Merhülietsa]] (Para Medical)
|
|-
| [[Lower Mediezie Ward|Lower Mediezie]] (Lower Agri)
|
|-
| rowspan=3 | Ward No. 19
| [[Police Reserve Hill Ward|P.R. Hill]]
| ''Police Reserve Hill''
|-
| [[Lower Police Reserve Hill Ward|Lower P.R. Hill Ward]]
| ''Lower Police Reserve Hill''
|-
| [[Jail Ward|Jail]]
|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Administrative division]]
* [[Urban area]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Wards of Kohima]]

Sikhism and homosexuality

2025-08-14T09:51:36Z

Tanjerul Islam: Starting a bio first draft

{{short description|Religious views of sexuality}}
[[File:Pride London Parade, July 2011 (5954030633).jpg|thumb|LGBT Sikhs at London gay pride]]
[[Sikhism]] has no specific teachings about [[sexual orientation|homosexuality]] and the Sikh holy scripture, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], does not explicitly mention [[heterosexuality]], [[homosexuality]] or [[bisexuality]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.gaylaxymag.com/articles/queer-voices/homosexuality-and-sikhism |title=Homosexuality and Sikhism |website=[[Gaylaxy]] |date=26 May 2011 |access-date=10 Sep 2022 |last=Collins |first=Zurich}}</ref> The universal goal of a Sikh is to have no hate or animosity to any person, regardless of factors like race, caste, color, creed or gender.<ref name=":0" />

In January 2005, the Jathedar (custodian) of Sri Akal Takht Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab, India, the highest seat of Sikh temporal-religious (miri-piri) authority for interpreting Sikh teachings, issued an edict denouncing same-sex marriages, and urging the worldwide Sikh community not to allow such marriages to take place at any Gurdwara. This was in response to clarification sought from Sikhs in Canada as similar legislation was being discussed and consulted on in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sikh Council UK Policy on Same Sex Marriages |url=http://sikhcounciluk.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Sikh-Council-UK-Policy-on-Same-Sex-Marriages.pdf |website=sikhcounciluk.org}}</ref>

==Viewpoints==
Giani Joginder Singh Vedanti of the [[Akal Takht]] (the temporal Sikh authority in India) has condemned homosexuality. In March 2005, he told visiting Sikh-Canadian [[Member of Parliament|Members of Parliament]] (MPs) that they had a religious duty to oppose [[same-sex marriage]]: "The basic duty of Sikh MPs in Canada should be to support laws that stop this kind of practice [homosexuality], because there are thousands of Sikhs living in Canada, to ensure that Sikhs do not fall prey to this practice".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/world-sikh-group-against-gay-marriage-bill-1.536239 |title=World Sikh group against gay marriage bill |website=[[CBC Newsworld|CBC News]] |date=29 March 2005 |access-date=September 17, 2021}}</ref>

The divide between supporters and opponents of [[LGBTQ]] rights has become increasingly clear, creating a largely generational rift between older conservatives and younger liberals. Many Sikhs believe there is nothing wrong<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarbat.net/2007/10/sikhism-and-same-sex-marriages/|title=Sikhism and same Sex Marriages|publisher=sarbat.net|page=1|access-date=3 September 2010|archive-date=14 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914021542/http://www.sarbat.net/2007/10/sikhism-and-same-sex-marriages/|url-status=dead}}</ref> with being LGBT or supporting LGBT rights more generally, including same-sex marriage. These Sikhs believe that the view of some preachers in the Akal Takht is flawed.<ref name=Naad>{{cite web|url=http://www.projectnaad.com/wp-content/uploads/leaflets/sikhism_yoga_and_sexuality.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001190458/http://www.projectnaad.com/wp-content/uploads/leaflets/sikhism_yoga_and_sexuality.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-10-01|title=Sikhism, Yoga and Sexuality|last=Naad|first=Project|date=February 9, 2010|publisher=Project Naad|page=33|access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=37i7uAYe6QEC |title=Sikhism Today |first=Jagbir |last=Jhutti-Johal |date=June 9, 2011 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=9781847062727 }}</ref>

The [[Sikh Rehat Maryada]] emphasizes the importance of a family lifestyle, and many Sikhs believe that since same-sex partners cannot reproduce and make a family that homosexuality should be condemned. This [[heteronormative]] way of viewing the family is questioned by those who believe Sikhism is more tolerant of people not viewed as "normal".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9OLAgAAQBAJ |title=World Religions for Health Care Professionals |date=September 10, 2009 |last1=Sorajjakool |first1=Siroj |last2=Carr |first2=Mark |last3=Man |first3=Julius J |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135220808 }}</ref> Many Sikh adherents believe the Rehat Maryada is meant to be interpreted and applied to life liberally rather than treated as a binding contract.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sikhnet.com/news/how-sikhs-got-their-rehat-maryada |title=How Sikhs Got Their Rehat Maryada |date=January 2, 2013 |website=SikhNet |access-date=September 17, 2021}}</ref>

==Homosexuality in scripture==
According to the Sikh Council UK, {{blockquote|We have no objection to same sex couples wanting to make commitments/vows to each other, as they currently do so when they enter civil partnerships. Nor do we object to same sex couples having all legal and other rights, similar to a married couple within a civic union. However, we object to the word marriage being used to replace civil union. The word marriage and its concept is sometimes also used to describe or used as a translation of the 'Anand Karaj' ceremony. The 'Anand Karaj' is specifically a Sikh ceremony, when union between a man and a woman is solemnised in the presence of Guru Granth Sahib. The Sikh Reht Maryada (Sikh Code of Conduct and Conventions)", clearly states that the 'Anand Karaj' ceremony can only take place in the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib in a Gurdwara between a male and female.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sikh Council UK Policy on Same Sex Marriages |url=http://sikhcounciluk.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Sikh-Council-UK-Policy-on-Same-Sex-Marriages.pdf |publisher=Sikh Council UK |date=August 2010}}</ref>}}

==Current discussion==
Although the topic of homosexuality in Sikhism is taboo, the younger generation is looking to the internet for answers. The internet has become a new way for young Sikhs, born inside and outside of India, to discuss religion and current issues anonymously. The internet allows people access to information without the discomfort of talking about it within the community.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/religions/article/view/374/350|title=Authority in the Virtual Sangat, by Doris R. Jakobsh|year=2006 |doi=10.11588/rel.2006.1.374 |last1=Jakobsh |first1=Doris R. |journal=Online - Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet }}</ref> The internet has become a tool for young Sikhs to get information about current issues that may not be discussed directly within their communities.

Certain individuals use the internet to discuss homosexuality in the community. A Sikh, Manjinder Singh, describes his experiences as a gay Sikh man, using his own platform on YouTube to reach a wider audience in an attempt to generate dialogue in the community that begins by defining what it means to be queer. In one of his videos, he has a conversation with his mother about homosexuality in Punjabi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lndphju0HpA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/Lndphju0HpA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Coming Out Panjabi |date=June 7, 2015 |website=YouTube |author=Manjinder Singh Sidhu |access-date=September 17, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> This video defines what it means to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, and being transgender in Punjabi and is targeted to an audience that does not necessarily understand different sexual and gender identities. Other famous Sikh YouTubers such [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh Canadian]] comedian [[Jus Reign]] (Jasmeet Singh),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QKQofW8o5U |title=MY THOUGHTS ON GAY RIGHTS (Vlog 273) |website=YouTube |access-date=September 17, 2021}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref> and Lilly Singh have openly voiced their support for LGBT rights. In fact, Lilly Singh announced her bisexuality on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-47362622 |title=Lilly Singh: Why the YouTuber Coming Out As Bisexual is 'Worth Celebrating' |last=Baggs |first=Michael |date=February 25, 2019 |website=BBC |access-date=September 17, 2021}}</ref>

In January 2005, the Jathedar (leader) of Sri Akal Takht Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab, India, the highest seat of Sikh temporal-religious (miri-piri) authority for interpreting Sikh teachings, issued an edict denouncing same-sex marriages, and urging the worldwide Sikh community not to allow such marriages to take place at any Gurdwara. This was in response to clarification sought from Sikhs in Canada as similar legislation was being discussed and consulted on in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sikh Council UK Policy on Same Sex Marriages |url=http://sikhcounciluk.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Sikh-Council-UK-Policy-on-Same-Sex-Marriages.pdf |website=sikhcounciluk.org}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|LGBTQ}}
*[[Human male sexuality]]
*[[Human female sexuality]]
*[[Human sexuality]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050313174857/http://www.temenos.net/articles/08-06-04.shtml Invisibility: Without Recognition, There is No Support]
*[https://www.sarbat.net/ SARBAT.NET – Website for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Sikhs around the world]

{{Sikhism}}
{{LGBT in India}}
{{Religion and LGBT people}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikhism}}
[[Category:Religion and LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Sikh beliefs|Sexual orientation]]

Maroli railway station

2025-08-13T13:43:52Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{short description|Railway station in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Maroli railway station
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image_caption =
| address = [[Maroli|Maroli, Gujarat]]
| country = India
| elevation = {{convert|15|m|ft}}
| coordinates = {{coord|21.020536|72.890379|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]] [[Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line]]
| other =
| structure = Standard (On Ground)
| platform = 3
| tracks = 3
| parking = No
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MRL
| zone = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Mumbai WR}}
}}
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_locator =
| map_type = India#India Gujarat
| map_dot_label = Maroli railway station
| map_size = 300
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=New Delhi–Mumbai main line|left=Sachin|right=Navsari}}
}}

'''Maroli railway station''' is a railway station on the [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]] network in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/maroli-mrl-station |title=Maroli Railway Station (MRL) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry |publisher=[[NDTV]] |location=India |access-date=2019-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/maroli-mrl/1792| title=MRL/Maroli| website=India Rail Info}}</ref> It is 8 kilometers from the [[Navsari railway station]]. Passenger, [[MEMU]] and few Express/Superfast trains halt at Maroli railway station.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=MRL| title=MRL:Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018 Division : Mumbai| website=Raildrishti}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationTimeTable.jsp?stncode=MRL| title=MRL/Maroli| website=Raildrishti}}</ref>

==Major trains==

Following Express & Superfast trains halt at Maroli railway station in both direction:

* 19033/34 [[Gujarat Queen|Valsad–Ahmedabad Gujarat Queen Express]]
* 12929/30 [[Valsad–Dahod Intercity Superfast Express]]
* 19023/24 [[Firozpur Janata Express|Mumbai Central–Firozpur Janata Express]]
* 19215/16 [[Saurashtra Express|Mumbai Central–Porbandar Saurashtra Express]]
* 12921/22 [[Flying Ranee|Mumbai Central–Surat Flying Ranee Superfast Express]]

==See also==
* [[Navsari district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Gujarat|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Navsari district]]
[[Category:Mumbai WR railway division]]

{{Gujarat-railstation-stub}}

Ram Sankar Halder

2025-05-22T20:55:59Z

Tanjerul Islam: post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

'''Ram Sankar Halder''' (born 1955)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Ram Sankar Halder (Communist Party of India (Marxist)(CPI(M))):Constituency- Kultali (SC) (South 24 Parganas) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=522 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a former two time member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kultali Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in [[South 24 Parganas district]]. He was elected in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Kultali Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Kultali Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-kultali-constituency-129.html?noHeader=true |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Halder is from Kultali, South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Haridas Halder. He studied Class 12 and passed the examinations conducted by the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education in 1973.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Halder was first elected as an MLA from Kultali Assembly constituency winning the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He polled 81,297 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Joy Krishna Halder]] of the [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]] Party (SUCI (C)), by a margin of 4,813 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kultali Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kultali-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> He retained the seat for the Communist Party winning the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election defeating Gopal Majhi of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] by a margin of 11,724 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-29 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Kultali (SC) profile: CPM's Ram Sankar Halder won seat in previous two elections |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-kultali-sc-profile-cpms-ram-sankar-halder-won-seat-in-previous-two-elections-9353121.html |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kultali Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Ganesh Chandra Mondal of TMC secures victory |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/kultali-election-result-2021-live-updates-kultali-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696548.html |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> However, he lost the next election in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] which was won by [[Ganesh Chandra Mondal]] of the Trinamool Congress. Sankar Halder finished third behind second placed Mintu Halder of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Kultali (S.C), West Bengal Assembly election result 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/kultali-s-c-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797209-2021-05-01 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=West Bengal Election: Kultali (S.C) Assembly Constituency 2021/22 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/kultali-sc-1637547262 |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Halder, Ram Sankar}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]

Fertilizer Corporation of India Township

2025-05-10T09:26:55Z

Tanjerul Islam: updated content after review

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{ref improve|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Fertilizer Corporation of India Township
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.9375|N|85.1587|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Angul district|Angul]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7059
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = OD 35
| website = {{URL|odisha.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Fertilizer Corporation of India Township''' is a [[census town]] in [[Angul district]] in the state of [[Odisha]], [[India]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Fertilizer Corporation of India Township had a population of 7059. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Fertilizer Corporation of India Township has an average literacy rate of 91%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 93%, and female literacy is 89%. In Fertilizer Corporation of India Township, 6% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Angul district}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fertilizer Corporation Of India Township}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Angul district]]
[[Category:Townships in India]]

{{Angul-geo-stub}}

Kadri Park

2025-05-07T06:08:52Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Kn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Park
| image_skyline = Kadripark043.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A view of Kadri Park
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location at Mangaluru
| coordinates = {{coord|12.88925|N|74.856167|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dakshina Kannada]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mangaluru]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Mangaluru City Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
}}

'''Kadri Park''' is a park located in Kadri Gudde (meaning "hill" in [[Tulu language|Tulu]]). It is the largest park in [[Mangaluru]]. This park contains a [[musical fountain]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=489734
|title=Mangaluru: Siddaramaiah inaugurates musical fountain, laser show, toy train at Kadri Park
|date=7 January 2018
|access-date= 3 January 2019
|publisher=[[Daijiworld]]}}</ref> and has hosted the Karavali Utsav.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/karavali-utsav-to-project-heritage-and-culture-of-city-this-time/article25721511.ece
|title=Karavali Utsav to project heritage and culture of city this time
|date=12 December 2018
|access-date= 3 January 2019
|publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The park is famous for flower shows.

== Accessibility ==
Kadri Park is well connected by public transport. There are several city buses from the main bus stop in [[Statebank, Mangalore|statebank]] and from other regions of the city. It is close to KPT Junction (one of the busiest junctions of [[Mangalore]]), Circuit House, Planet SKS (the tallest pure residential building of Karnataka) & All India Radio Mangalore.

== Climate ==
Mangaluru has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] and is under the direct influence of the Arabian Sea influenced southwest monsoon.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="205">
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - 1.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - 1
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - 2.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - 2
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - 3.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - 3
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - 4.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - 4
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - WELCOME topiary in the circular garden.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - WELCOME [[topiary]] in the circular garden
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - Alley.jpg|An Alley at Kadri Park in Mangaluru
Image:Alley walkway at Kadri Park in Mangalore - 2.jpg|An Alley at Kadri Park in Mangaluru - 2
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - Pink Bougainvillea trees and Bamboo palm tree.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - Pink [[Bougainvillea]] trees and [[Chamaedorea|Bamboo palm]] tree
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - Children's play area.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - Children's play area
Image:Children's train 'Balamangala Express' at Kadri Park in Mangalore.jpg|Children's train 'Balamangala Express' at Kadri Park in Mangaluru
Image:Tunnel for the Children's train at Kadri Park in Mangalore.jpg|Tunnel for the Children's train at Kadri Park in Mangaluru
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - Carriages in the circular garden.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - Carriages in the circular garden
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - Near the circular garden - 1.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - Near the circular garden
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - Trees and topiaries in the circular garden.jpg|Trees and topiaries in the circular garden of Kadri Park in Mangaluru
Image:Kadri Park in Mangalore - Planet SKS building in the background.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - Planet SKS building in the background
Image:SBI clock tower at Kadri Park in Mangalore.jpg|SBI clock tower at Kadri Park in Mangaluru
Image:Garden near the Alley walkway at Kadri Park in Mangalore.jpg|Kadri Park in Mangaluru - Garden near the Alley walkway
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Mahatma Gandhi Road (Mangalore)]]
* [[K S Rao Road]]
* [[NITK Beach]]
* [[Sasihithlu Beach]]
* [[Panambur Beach]]
* [[Tannirbhavi Beach]]
* [[Ullal beach]]
* [[Someshwar Beach]]
* [[Pilikula Nisargadhama]]
* [[Tagore Park]]
* [[St. Aloysius Chapel]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Kadri Public Park}}

{{Mangalore-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Parks in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mangalore]]

1995 Nehru Cup

2025-03-17T10:04:10Z

Tanjerul Islam:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox international football competition
| tourney_name = Nehru Cup
| year = 1995
| other_titles =
| image =
| size =
| caption =
| country = India
| dates =
| num_teams = 5
| confederations = 2
| venues = 1
| cities = 1
| champion_other = {{fb|IRQ|1991}}
| count = 1
| second_other = {{fbu|20|RUS|name=Russia U20}}
| matches = 11
| goals = 26
| attendance =
| top_scorer =
| player =
| prevseason = [[1993 Nehru Cup|1993]]
| nextseason = [[1997 Nehru Cup|1997]]
}}

'''1995 Nehru Cup''' was held in [[Calcutta]]. This was the third time that [[Calcutta]] hosted [[Nehru Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/4556/nehru-cup/2012/08/23/3321477/the-complete-a-z-of-nehru-cup-2012?source=breakingnews |title=The complete A-Z of Nehru Cup 2012 - Goal.com |access-date=3 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608022723/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/4556/nehru-cup/2012/08/23/3321477/the-complete-a-z-of-nehru-cup-2012?source=breakingnews |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and the 11th edition of the cup. The participating teams were [[Iraq national football team|Iraq]], [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U-20]], [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]], [[Uzbekistan national under-20 football team|Uzbekistan U-20]], [[India national football team|India]]. Iraq won the tournament, defeating Russia U-20 1–0 in the final match, played at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nehru95.html|title = Nehru Cup 1995}}</ref> [[Baichung Bhutia]], the future star striker for India debuted in this tourney and scored one goal for India in the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1995nehrucup.html|title=The Indian Senior Team at the 1995 Calcutta Nehru Cup|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219141305/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1995nehrucup.html|archive-date=19 February 2020}}</ref>

==Matches==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|team1=RUS |team2=IRQ |team3=THA |team4=IND |team5=UZB
|result1=F |result2=F|result3= |result4= |result5=

|win_IRQ=2 |draw_IRQ=2 |loss_IRQ=0 |gf_IRQ= 7 |ga_IRQ=3
|win_RUS=2 |draw_RUS=2 |loss_RUS=0 |gf_RUS= 6 |ga_RUS=1
|win_THA=1 |draw_THA=1 |loss_THA=2 |gf_THA= 7 |ga_THA=5
|win_IND=1 |draw_IND=1 |loss_IND=2 |gf_IND= 2 |ga_IND=9
|win_UZB=1 |draw_UZB=0 |loss_UZB=3 |gf_UZB= 2 |ga_UZB=6

|name_IRQ={{fb|IRQ|1991}}
|name_RUS={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U20]]
|name_THA={{fb|THA}}
|name_IND={{fb|IND}}
|name_UZB={{flagicon|UZB}} [[Uzbekistan national under-20 football team|Uzbekistan U20]]

|col_F=green1 |text_F=Final
}}
{{football box
| date =
| time =
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IRQ|1991}}
| score = 3–1
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Uzbekistan national under-20 football team|Uzbekistan U20]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date =
| time =
| team1 = [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U20]] {{flagicon|RUS}}
| score = 1–1
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{fb|THA}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date =
| time =
| team1 = [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U20]] {{flagicon|RUS}}
| score = 0–0
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{fb|IRQ|1991}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 10 March 1995
| time =
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}}
| score = 0–5
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{fb|THA}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 = Phanuwat Yinphan {{goal}} {{goal}} Kovid Foythong {{goal}} Somrrit Ornsomjit {{goal}} Cherdai Suwannang {{goal}}
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date =
| time =
| team1 = [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U20]] {{flagicon|RUS}}
| score = 2–0
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Uzbekistan national under-20 football team|Uzbekistan U20]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 12 March 1995
| time =
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}}
| score = 1–1
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{fb|IRQ|1991}}
| goals1 = Tousif Jamal {{goal}}
| goals2 = [[Abbas Obeid|Obeid]] {{goal}}
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 14 March 1995
| time =
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IRQ|1991}}
| score = 3–1
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{fb|THA}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 22 March 1995
| time =
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}}
| score = 1–0
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Uzbekistan national under-20 football team|Uzbekistan U20]]
| goals1 = [[Baichung Bhutia]] {{goal}}
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date =
| time =
| team1 = [[Uzbekistan national under-20 football team|Uzbekistan U20]] {{flagicon|UZB}}
| score = 1–0
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{fb|THA}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 24 March 1995
| time =
| team1 = [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U20]] {{flagicon|RUS}}
| score = 3–0
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
| team2 = {{fb|IND}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

===Final===
{{football box
|date=
|time=
|team1={{fb-rt|IRQ|1991}}
|score=1–0
|report= [https://web.archive.org/web/20030427080103/http://rsssf.com/tablesn/nehru95.html Report]
|team2={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Russia national under-20 football team|Russia U20]]
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium= [[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=
|referee=
}}

==Winners==
{{winners|fb|1995 Nehru Cup champion|Iraq|First}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nehru Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nehru}}
[[Category:Nehru Cup|1995]]
[[Category:1994–95 in Indian football]]

Kumudini

2025-03-10T22:31:57Z

Tanjerul Islam: Started Article

{{wikt|कुमुदिनी}}
'''Kumudini''' may refer to

*[[Kumudini boat massacre]], on 15 May 1985 in a ferry.
*[[Kumudini College]], located in Tangail, Bangladesh

;People

* [[Kumudini Basu]], Bengali writer and social reformer

*[[Kumudini Lakhia]], Indian dancer
*[[Kumudini Mohapatra]], Indian writer
*[[Kumudini Patnaik]], Indian politician
*[[Kumudini Tyagi]], Indian aviator



{{Disambiguation}}
[[Category:Indian feminine given names]]
[[Category:Feminine given names]]

Mudgala Purana

2024-09-09T14:09:47Z

Tanjerul Islam: minor fix citations per sources and updated info

{{italic title}}
{{Hindu scriptures and texts}}{{Short description|Minor Purana of Hinduism}}
The '''Mudgala Purana''' ([[Sanskrit]]:{{lang|sa|मुद्गल पुराणम्}}; {{IAST|mudgala purāṇam }}) is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] religious text dedicated to the [[Hindu deity]] [[Ganesha]] ({{IAST|Gaṇeśa}}). It is an [[Purana#Upapurana|{{IAST|upapurāṇa}}]] that includes many stories and ritualistic elements relating to Ganesha. The [[Ganesha Purana]] and the Mudgala Purana are core scriptures for devotees of Ganesha, known as ''[[Ganapatya]]s'' ({{IAST|Gāṇapatya}}). These are the only two Purana that are exclusively dedicated to Ganesha.<ref name="Thapan">{{cite book |last1=Thapan |first1=Anita Raina |title=Understanding Gaṇapati: insights into the dynamics of a cult |date=1997 |publisher=Manohar Publishers |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7304-195-4 |page=304}}</ref>

== Content ==
Like the [[Ganesha Purana]], the Mudgala Purana considers Ganesha to represent the ultimate reality of being. As such, Ganesha's manifestations are endless but eight of his [[Avatar (Hinduism)|incarnations]] ([[Sanskrit]]:{{lang|sa|अवतार}}; {{IAST|avatāra}}) are of most importance. The eight incarnations are introduced in MudP 1.17.24-28. The text is organized into sections for each of these incarnations.<ref>These eight incarnations are discussed by Grimes, who provides condensed versions of the stories of the battles with the demons. John A. Grimes, Ganapati: Song of the Self, pp. 105-110. (State University of New York Press: Albany, 1995) {{ISBN|0-7914-2440-5}}</ref><ref>These eight incarnations are discussed by Sadguru Sant Keshavadas, who elaborates on the story of {{IAST|Vakratuṇḍa}} in some detail. cf. pp. 88-90, Sadguru Sant Keshavadas, Lord Ganesha. (Vishwa Dharma Publications: Oakland, 1988).</ref> These are not the same as the four incarnations of Ganesha that are described in the [[Ganesha Purana]].

=== Eight incarnations of Ganesha ===
The incarnation described in the Mudgala Purana took place in different cosmic ages. The Mudgala Purana uses these incarnations to express complex philosophical concepts associated with the progressive creation of the world. Each incarnation represents a stage of the absolute as it unfolds into creation. Granoff<ref name=Granoff /> provides a summary of the philosophical meaning of each incarnation within the framework of the Mudgala Purana; along with the philosophy, typical Puranic themes of battles with demons provide much of the story line. The incarnations appear in the following order:

#Vakratunda ({{IAST|Vakratuṇḍa}}) ("twisting trunk"), first in the series, represents the absolute as the aggregate of all bodies, an embodiment of the form of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Matsaryāsura (envy, jealousy). His mount ({{IAST|vāhana}}) is a lion.
#Ekadanta ("single tusk") represents the aggregate of all individual souls, an embodiment of the essential nature of Brahman. the purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Madāsura (arrogance, conceit). His mount is a mouse.
#Mahodara ("big belly") is a synthesis of both {{IAST|Vakratuṇḍa}} and Ekadanta. It is the absolute as it enters into the creative process. It is an embodiment of the wisdom of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Mohāsura (delusion, confusion). His mount is a mouse.
#Gajavaktra (or Gajānana) ("elephant face") is a counterpart to Mahodara. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Lobhāsura (greed). His mount is a mouse.
#Lambodara ("pendulous belly") is the first of four incarnations that correspond to the stage where the {{IAST|Purāṇic}} gods are created. Lambodara corresponds to Śakti, the pure power of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Krodhāsura (anger). His mount is a mouse.
#Vikata ({{IAST|Vikaṭa}}) ("unusual form", "misshapen") corresponds to Sūrya. He is an embodiment of the illuminating nature of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Kāmāsura (lust). His mount is a peacock.
#Vighnaraja ({{IAST|Vighnarāja}}) ("king of obstacles"), corresponds to {{IAST|Viṣṇu}}. He is an embodiment of the preserving nature of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Mamāsura (possessiveness). His mount is the celestial serpent [[Shesha]].
#Dhumravarna ({{IAST|Dhūmravarṇa}}) ("grey color") corresponds to Shiva. He is an embodiment of the destructive nature of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Abhimanāsura or ahamkarasura (pride, attachment). His mount is a blue horse. He is a very angry form of Ganesha. It is said that in future he will help Kalki(Vishnu's last avatar) to start Mahayuga.

== History ==
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=== Dating ===
There is little agreement on the date of the Mudgala Purana. [[Phyllis granoff|Phyllis Granoff]] reviews the internal evidence and concludes that the Mudgala was the last of the philosophical texts concerned with Ganesha<ref name=Granoff>Phyllis Granoff, "{{IAST|Gaṇeśa as Metaphor}}," in Robert L. Brown (ed.) Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God, pp. 94-5, note 2. {{ISBN|0-7914-0657-1}}</ref> R. C. Hazra suggested that the Mudgala Purana is earlier than the Ganesha Purana which he dates between 1100 and 1400 A.D.<ref>R. C. Hazra, "The {{IAST|Gaṇeśa Purāṇa}}," Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Research Institute (1951);79-99.</ref> Granoff finds problems with this relative dating because the Mudgala Purana specifically mentions the Ganesha Purana as one of the four Puranas that deal at length with Ganesha. These are the Brahma, the {{IAST|Brahmaṇḍa}}, the Ganesha, and the Mudgala puranas. Courtright, says that the Mudgala Purana dates from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries but he gives no reason for this.<ref>Paul B. Courtright, p. 214, {{IAST|Gaṇeśa}}: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. (Oxford University Press: New York, 1985) {{ISBN|0-19-505742-2}}</ref> Thapan (pp. 30–33) reviews different views on the relative dating of these two works and notes that the Mudgala Purana, like other Puranas, is a multi-laid work. She says that the kernel of the text must be old and that it must have continued to receive interpolations until the 17th and 18th centuries as the worship of Ganapati became more important in certain regions.<ref name=Thapan />

=== Published editions ===
As of 2007 no "critical edition" had been issued for the Mudgala Purana. A "critical edition" of a Purana is a special type of scholarly edition in which many alternative readings from variant manuscripts have been reviewed and reconciled by scholars to produce a consensus text. If there is no critical edition, it means that individual editions may show significant variations in content and line numbering from one another. This is the case with the Mudgala Purana, so it is necessary to review multiple editions, which may differ from one another in significant ways.
The most common edition currently available is Mudgala Purana (both Sanskrit and Prakrut versions) written by Sitaram Desai and published by Mudgala Puran Prakashan Mandal, Dadar, Mumbai. The Sanskrit edition is also available and published by Ganeshyogi Maharaj of Kempwad, Karnataka.{{Cn|date=September 2024}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | title = Mudgala Purana (Online Text)| url = https://archive.org/details/mudgalapurana |language = hi}}

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