Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Deshi people

2026-05-08T10:21:08Z

TammieNeedham: stub.

{{Short description|Indigenous people from Assam}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Deshi
| image =
| image_caption =
| regions = [[India]] ([[Assam]], [[West Bengal]])
| langs = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and Deshi/[[Goalpariya dialects|Goalparia]]/Kamtapuri/[[Rajbanshi language (Nepal)|Rajbongshi]]
| native_name = {{hlist|দেশী|উজানী}}
| native_name_lang =
| religions = [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] [[Islam]]
| related_groups = [[Koch people|Koch]], [[Mech people|Mech]], [[Moria people|Maria]], {{Ill|Goriya People|as|গৰীয়া}},
}}
{{Islam in Bangladesh}}
'''Deshi,''' '''Uzani or Koch Muslims''' ([[Assamese]]-[[KRDS lects|Kamtapuri]]: {{lang|as|দেশী জনগোষ্ঠী}}, উজানী) people are an indigenous Muslim community residing mostly in [[Assam]] and other parts of eastern India. The Deshi Muslim people can be found in [[Meghalaya]], [[North Bengal]], eastern [[Bihar]], [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]] and [[Bogra|Bogura]] of [[Bangladesh]]. In [[West Bengal]] and [[Bihar]] they are known as [[Nashya Shaikh]] or [[Surjapuri people|Surjapuri Muslim]]'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saikia |first=Arunabh |title='We don't want to be identified on the basis of our religion,' say Assam's indigenous Desi Muslims |url=https://scroll.in/article/864299/we-dont-want-to-be-identified-in-the-name-of-our-religion-say-assams-indigenous-desi-muslims |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://archive.org/details/cultural_identity/
|title=Report of the Sub-Committee on Cultural Identity of Indigenous Assamese Muslims
|publisher=Government of Assam, Welfare of Minorities & Development
|format=PDF
|access-date=12 July 2025
}}</ref> Deshis are Muslim converts from [[Koch people|Koch]], [[Mech people|Mech]] or other indigenous communities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=GANI |first=ABDUL |date=2017-02-08 |title=Deshi Janagosthi: Where Culture Merges With Religion |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/3/9889/Deshi-Janagosthi:-Where-Culture-Merges-With-Religion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627073838/https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/3/9889/Deshi-Janagosthi:-Where-Culture-Merges-With-Religion |archive-date=2022-06-27 |access-date=2025-11-16 |language=en}}</ref> In July, 2022, the [[Government of Assam]] gave them recognition as an "Indigenous [[Assamese people|Assamese]] Muslims" community vide an Order.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |title=Assam cabinet approves identification of five indigenous Assamese Muslim communities |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/assam-cabinet-approves-identification-of-five-indigenous-assamese-muslim-communities/articleshow/92685132.cms |access-date=2022-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-06 |title=Assamese Muslims recognised as a distinct indigenous community |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/assamese-muslims-recognised-as-a-distinct-indigenous-community/article65606802.ece |access-date=2022-10-25 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The community is categorized as General category in [[List of Muslim Other Backward Classes communities in India|Assam and OBC West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of OBCs: State of Assam |url=http://ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/assam.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227160745/http://ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/assam.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-27 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=ncbc.nic.in |publisher=National Commission for Backward Classes. Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of OBCs: State of West Bengal |url=http://ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/westbengal.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131122820/http://ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/westbengal.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=ncbc.nic.in |publisher=National Commission for Backward Classes, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/centralliststateview.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225191137/https://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/centralliststateview.aspx |archive-date=2026-02-25 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Picture_represents_a_girl,_wearing_traditional_attire_belongs_to_Deshi_Community_of_Western_Assam.jpg|thumb|Girl with traditional attire belongs to Deshi Community of Western Assam]]
The Deshi (literal meaning: ''local or original'') community identifies themselves as the original ethnic inhabitant of this land similar to the other tribal communities. They belonged to a range of indigenous communities, such as Koch, Rabha, Mech, Garo, etc.

Deshi community is one of the old ethnic groups of Assam. It has the recorded history dates back to 13th century, some quarter century prior to the arrival of [[Chaolung Sukaphaa]], the founder of [[Ahom dynasty]]. [[Ali Mech]] is said to be the first person of the community and he led the native force during [[Bakhtiyar Khalji's Tibet campaign]] in 1205.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Nath|first=Monoj Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDAXEAAAQBAJ&dq=ali+mech&pg=PA23|title=The Muslim Question in Assam and Northeast India|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2021|isbn=978-1-000-37027-0|pages=23|language=en}}</ref> Deshi Muslims are the descendants of Ali Mech.

The group once known as Koch Muslim.<ref>{{Cite book |last=W.W (1879) |first=Hunter |title=A statistical account of Assam(vol.2). |publisher=Trübner & Company, London |year=1879 |pages=31 |language=English}}</ref> They are homogeneous with the Koch Rajbongshi people and are bi-linguistic speaking both Assamese language and Kamatapuri language.

Most other conversions took place during the 16th century, when the lower-class Koch and Mech people
unable to find a respectable position in the newly formed [[Koch dynasty|Koch kingdom]] (1515–1956) switched to Islam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mitra|first=A |title=The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal |publisher=West Bengal Government Press|place=Alipore, West Bengal|year=1953|chapter=The Koches: their racial affinities and original homeland |p=225|quote="The grandson of Haju, Vishu Sing (1515–1540) with all the people of condition apostatised to Hinduism and took the name of ''Rajbonshi'', those who declined, finding that they were treated as vile, adopted Islam. Thus the mass of the Koch people became Mohammadans"}}</ref> The conversion of [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata]] ruler [[Chakradhwaj of Kamata|Chakradhvaj]] (1455–1485) to Islam popularized this religion among the local people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=theclarionindia |date=2016-04-22 |title=Who’re the Muslims of Assam and How They’ve Been Turned Into ‘Outsiders’ in Their Own Country |url=https://clarionindia.net/whore-the-muslims-of-assam-and-how-theyve-been-turned-into-outsiders-in-their-own-country/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251230191825/https://clarionindia.net/whore-the-muslims-of-assam-and-how-theyve-been-turned-into-outsiders-in-their-own-country/ |archive-date=2025-12-30 |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Clarion India |language=en-US}}</ref>

Assam’s Deshi Muslims, around 21 lakh in number, are spread across the districts of Bongaigaon, Chirang, Dhubri, Goalpara, Kokrajhar, Kamrup, South Salmara-Mankachar, and Kamrup (Metro).  They belonged to a range of indigenous Assamese communities, such as Koch, Rabha, Mech, Garo, etc

== Deshi on Gov. Records ==

=== The 1881 Census of India ===
"Those who have been converted to [[Islam]] have been absorbed in the great fraternity of that religion, while those who have not accepted [[Mohammedan|Mahammedanism]], are to all intents and purposes low caste Hindoos… there is clear evidence they were once a very numerous race, and the kingdom they ruled for two centuries comprised the Bengal districts of [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh#British Colonial Period|Dinagpore]] and the districts of [[Undivided Kamrup district|Kamrup]] and [[Undivided Goalpara district|Gowalpara]] in Assam. Their power was broken up about the year 1750, A.D….. Their unmistakable darkness of colour is found very largely to this day in [[Rangpur District|Rungpore]] and Dinajpore, and they have supplied the great majority of the converts to Mahammedism in those districts. None of them have returned their mother tongue as [[Koch language|Koch]]. They have long since abandoned that for [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and the inhabitants of [[Cooch Behar district|Koch Behar]] have adopted the same fashion." (Report on the Census of British India taken on 17 February 1881, Page 211).
"The Koch ... people, who once had a religion and language of their own, have completely abandoned their language and have either been converted to Islam or have become low caste Hindoos, affording a striking example of the way in which Hindooism is replenished.  (Report on the Census of British India taken on 17 February 1881, Page 296).

=== ‘A Statistical Account of Assam’ Vol-II Pub.1879 ===
[[W.W. Hunter]] was the Director General of Statistics of British India. In his book ''A Statistical Account of Assam’ Vol-II'' published in 1879, page 31 mentioned Musalman Koch. He said, "The total of the Kochs has been considerably reduced by the exclusion of a number of Musalman Kochs, who had been erroneously included; and the total of the ' unspecified ' Muhammadans has been correspondingly augmented." The present Deshi Muslims are the descendants of those Musalman Koch as mentioned by Hunter.

In [[West Bengal]], the Deshi Muslims are known as [[Nashya Shaikh]] or Nashya Sekh. Their origin to the indigenous communities of [[Koch people]] of northern [[West Bengal]] and [[Assam]], some of them are also from [[Mech tribe|Mech]] community. They are culturally and linguistically similar to both people of northern Bangladesh and the erstwhile [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] district of [[Assam]]. A small number of the community are also found in the neighboring state of [[Bihar]], where they are known as the Bengali Shaikh. The group is descended from a set of tribals which were collectively referred to as Koches, who converted to Islam as they were unable to find a favourable position in Hindu society and came to be known as the Rajbanshi Muslims. They are homogeneous with the [[Koch people]] and are bilingual, speaking both [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]]. The Nashya still retain many cultural traits of their pre-Islamic past. For instance the reverence of ''pirs'' was a continuation of their previous beliefs. Most people of the community are non-practicing Muslims though the newer generations are becoming increasing Islamic due to globalization. From historic evidence, it seems a segment of the population of northern [[Bengal]] began to convert to Islam when the region fell under the control of [[Bakhtiyar Khilji]]. Some of the earliest converts were the chiefs [[Ali Mech]] and [[Kalapahad|Kala Pahar]].

== Language ==
The language of Deshi Muslim is known as 'Deshi Bhasa’. There are some slight variations in the Deshi Bhasa as one move from one district to another.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dr. Md. Morsheduz Zaman |date=2024-09-15 |title=FUTURE AND CHALLENGES OF GOALPARIA DIALECT |url=https://ierj.in/journal/index.php/ierj/article/view/3610 |journal=International Education and Research Journal |volume=10 |issue=9 |doi=10.21276/IERJ24766549379431 |issn=2454-9916|doi-access=free }}</ref> The Deshi Bhasa have five dialects in Assam-Barbondi, Mahendragonji, Bausia, Ghullia and Jhaarue. The Deshi Bhasha is known differently in various states in government documents. In Assam, it is vaguely called as [[Goalpariya dialects|Goalpariya]]. In [[Bihar]] and West Bengal it is known as [[Surjapuri]]'''.''' The Deshi Bhasa is closely related to neighbouring [[Boro language (India)|Assamese]] and [[Rangpuri language|Rajbanshi]], as well as many other [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Indo-Aryan languages]] of Assam including the [[Urdu]]'''.'''

The nouns in Deshi language takes [i] or [ni] as suffix to indicate feminine gender. If the noun ends in a vowel, it replaces the vowel with [i], if in consonant it suffixes [ni] as feminine marker. For example,
{| class="wikitable"
! Masculine
! Meaning
! Feminine
! Meaning
|-
|''Chengr-a''
|boy
|''Chengr-i''
|girl
|-
|''Bet-a''
|son
|''Bet-i''
|daughter
|-
|''Daktar''
|Doctor(M)
|''daktar-ni''
|doctor(F)
|}

== Culture ==
Many belief, rites and ceremonies of deshi people are closely resembles with those of Assamese Hindus especially with [[Rajbanshi people|Rajbanshis]]. Deshi farmers perform several seasonal and agriculture rituals that carry strong hindu cultural influences. Their marriage customs also show notable similarities, including the use of banana plants, vermilion marks, conch-shell bangles, turmeric, ceremonial bands, and traditional wedding songs. Some married Deshi women even wear [[sindoor]] on their foreheads.<ref>{{Cite news |last=BORTHAKUR |first=RITURAJ |date=2010-09-15 |title=The indigenous Deshis: Caught between tradition and religion |url=https://assamtribune.com/the-indigenous-deshis-caught-between-tradition-and-religion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227151918/https://assamtribune.com/the-indigenous-deshis-caught-between-tradition-and-religion |archive-date=2026-02-27 |access-date=2026-02-27 |language=en-IN}}</ref> The use of maab halodbi (a turmeric–green gram paste) is considered especially auspicious in Deshi weddings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Akash |date=2024-06-09 |title=Assamese Muslim {{!}} Demography, History, Culture and Identity |url=https://www.northeastbullet.com/assamese-muslim-history-culture/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116025126/https://www.northeastbullet.com/assamese-muslim-history-culture/ |archive-date=2025-01-16 |access-date=2025-11-16 |work=Northeast Bullet » Blog about news, culture, travel of North East India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=মূলসূতিৰ ভাৰতৰ পৰা পৃথক, অসমৰ মুছলমানসকলে ধৰি ৰাখিছে এক বৈচিত্ৰময় পৰিচয় আৰু সংস্কৃতি |url=https://www.assam.awazthevoice.in/society-news/different-from-india-s-mainstream-assamese-muslims-have-unique-identity-culture-7588.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612060829/https://www.assam.awazthevoice.in/society-news/different-from-india-s-mainstream-assamese-muslims-have-unique-identity-culture-7588.html |archive-date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=www.assam.awazthevoice.in |language=as}}</ref>

In Goalpara, people celebrate a local adaptation of Diwali known as ''Gasa Laga''. The Deshis observe the same festival but refer to it as ''Diya Bati ot Chorat''. Similar to how the [[Boro people|Bodos]] have Boisagu and the Rabhas celebrate Boishu, the Deshi Muslims also observe their own form of [[Bihu]], called ''Beshoma'', which is also known as ''Bishma'' or ''Chait-Boishne''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=বেষমা : খিলঞ্জীয়া দেশী মুছলমান সকলৰ ৰঙালী বিহু |url=https://www.assam.awazthevoice.in/culture-news/beshoma-rongali-bihu-of-the-indigenous-deshi-muslims-1906.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251204223004/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.assam.awazthevoice.in/culture-news/beshoma-rongali-bihu-of-the-indigenous-deshi-muslims-1906.html |archive-date=2025-12-04 |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=www.assam.awazthevoice.in |language=as}}</ref>

== Organizations ==
The Deshi Janagosthiya Mancha (DJM) is the lone organization which represent the community in A<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guwahati |first=The |date=2024-07-12 |title=Deshi Janagosthiya Mancha Seeks More Seats in KAC - The Guwahati |url=https://theguwahati.com/deshi-janahosthiya-mancha-seeks-more-seats-in-kac/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814003017/https://theguwahati.com/deshi-janahosthiya-mancha-seeks-more-seats-in-kac/ |archive-date=2024-08-14 |access-date=2025-11-16 |work=The Guwahati |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zaman |first=Rokibuz |title=Why many in Assam are unhappy with a proposal to count ‘Assamese Muslims’ |url=https://scroll.in/article/1025237/why-many-in-assam-are-unhappy-with-a-proposal-to-count-assamese-muslims |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602025409/https://scroll.in/article/1025237/why-many-in-assam-are-unhappy-with-a-proposal-to-count-assamese-muslims |archive-date=2022-06-02 |access-date=2025-11-16 |work=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

Assam Goria Parishad <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meghalaya |first=Syllad {{!}} The Rising |date=2024-03-19 |title=Assam's indigenous Muslim group appeal to Muslims to vote for BJP in LS poll |url=https://www.syllad.com/assams-indigenous-muslim-group-appeal-to-muslims-to-vote-for-bjp-in-ls-poll/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=Syllad |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Assamese Muslims]]
* [[Miya people]]
* [[Moria people|Maria People]]
* [[Goria People]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nofil |first=Zafri Mudasser |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Identity_Quotient/ADNazgEACAAJ?hl=en |title=The Identity Quotient: The Story of the Assamese Muslims |date=2021 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications Pvt Limited |isbn=978-93-88409-87-2 |pages=42-50|language=en}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Islam |first=Anowarul |date=2025-01-01 |title=Socio-economic and cultural status of the Deshi Muslim community of Assam: A study based in Kokrajhar district |url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/archives/2025.v7.i1.C.440 |journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=158–161 |doi=10.33545/26646021.2025.v7.i1c.440|doi-access=free }}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Assam]]
[[Category:Muslim ethnoreligious groups]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
[[Category:Muslim communities in Assam]]

Tiragabadara Saami

2026-05-08T02:08:28Z

TammieNeedham: New a page!

{{short description|Indian action drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tiragabadara Saami
| image = Tiragabadara Saami poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = A. S. Ravi Kumar Chowdary
| writer = A. S. Ravi Kumar Chowdary
| producer = Malkapuram Shivakumar
| starring = [[Raj Tarun]] [[Malvi Malhotra]]
| cinematography = Jawahar Reddy MN
| music = Jeevan Babu (JB)
| studio = Suraksh Entertainments Media
| released = {{Film date|2024|08|02|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Tiragabadara Saami''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama]] film written and directed by A. S. Ravi Kumar Chowdary.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 August 2023 |title=Dil Raju launches the teaser of Raj Tarun's 'Tiragabadara Saami' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/dil-raju-launches-the-teaser-of-raj-taruns-tiragabadara-saami/articleshow/103121883.cms |access-date=2 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802101110/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/dil-raju-launches-the-teaser-of-raj-taruns-tiragabadara-saami/articleshow/103121883.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film stars [[Raj Tarun]] and [[Malvi Malhotra]] in lead roles. The film was released on 2 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=11 July 2024 |title=Tiragabadara Saami makers set a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/11/tiragabadara-saami-makers-set-a-release-date |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922133230/https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?creatorScreenName=CE%20Features&dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-1&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=1837714699464360320&lang=en&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemaexpress.com%2Ftelugu%2Fnews%2F2024%2FJul%2F11%2Ftiragabadara-saami-makers-set-a-release-date&sessionId=b92fd043987d4f0155159f76033ce863b6952768&siteScreenName=XpressCinema&theme=light&widgetsVersion=2615f7e52b7e0%3A1702314776716&width=550px |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A young couple's altercation with a mafia henchman draws the ire of a powerful crime boss, plunging them into a dangerous game of survival.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=16 January 2024 |title=Malvi Malhotra to perform stunts in Raj Tarun's'Tiragabadara Saami' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/malvi-malhotra-to-perform-stunts-in-raj-tarunstiragabadara-saami-851668 |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802101006/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/malvi-malhotra-to-perform-stunts-in-raj-tarunstiragabadara-saami-851668 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Raj Tarun]] as Giri
* [[Malvi Malhotra]] as Sailaja
* [[Mannara Chopra]] as Radha
* [[Makarand Deshpande]] as Konda Reddy
* [[Pragathi]]
* [[Bithiri Sathi]]
* [[Raghu Babu]]
* [[John Vijay]]
* [[Prudhvi Raj]]
* [[Raja Ravindra]]
* [[Thagubothu Ramesh]]
* Bhadram
}}

== Music ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics =
| all_music = Jeevan Babu
| title1 = Oka Poola Meghamey
| length1 = 2:30
| lyrics1 = [[Sri Mani]]
| extra1 = Hymath Mohammed
| title2 = Chaala Bagunde
| length2 = 3:56
| lyrics2 = [[Sri Mani]]
| extra2 = Chaitu Satsangi, Lipsika Bhashyam
| title3 = Radhabhai
| length3 = 3:11
| lyrics3 = Bhole Shavali
| extra3 = [[Sravana Bhargavi]]
| title4 = Celebration Song
| length4 = 3:21
| lyrics4 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra4 = Lipsika Bhashyam, Aditi Bhavaraju, Chaitu Satsangi
| title5 = Title Song
| length5 = 2:58
| lyrics5 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra5 = Sai Charan, Lokeshwar Edara, Chaitu Satsangi
}}

== Reception ==
[[NTV (India)|NTV]] gave a rating of 1.5 out of 5 citing it as "silly and dumb".<ref>{{Cite web |last=naresh |date=2 August 2024 |title=Tiragabadara Saami Movie Review: Silly and Dumb |url=https://www.ntvenglish.com/movie-news/tiragabadara-saami-movie-review-silly-and-dumb.html |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=NTV ENGLISH |language=en-US |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808132915/https://www.ntvenglish.com/movie-news/tiragabadara-saami-movie-review-silly-and-dumb.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Eenadu]]'' opined that the film's story and screenplay are outdated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiragabadara Saami Review: రివ్యూ: తిరగబడరసామీ.. రాజ్‌తరుణ్‌ ఖాతాలో హిట్‌ పడిందా? |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/tiragabadara-saami-review-in-telugu/0203/124142433 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=EENADU |language=te |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922133218/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/tiragabadara-saami-review-in-telugu/0203/124142433 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt23875402}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

Jomon T. John

2026-05-07T12:47:59Z

TammieNeedham:

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Indian name|Jomon|John}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jomon T. John
| image =
| caption = Jomon in 2020
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Cherthala]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[Government Film and Television Institute]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Cinematographer]]|[[film producer]]}}
| yearsactive = 2011{{En dash}}present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Ann Augustine]]|2014|2021|reason=divorced
}} Ansu Elsa Verghese (m.2023)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/12/23/cinematographer-jomon-t-john-ties-the-knot-mollywood.html | title=Cinematographer Jomon T John ties the knot with Ansu Elsa Verghese }}</ref>
| parents =
}}
'''Jomon T. John''' {{small|[[Indian Society of Cinematographers|ISC]]}} is an Indian [[cinematography|cinematographer]] and producer who works predominantly in [[Malayalam cinema]]. Jomon made his debut with ''[[Chaappa Kurishu]]'' (2011). Jomon won the 2015 [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography]] for the films ''[[Nee-Na]]'', ''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]'', and ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]''.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-state-film-awards/article8300123.ece| title = 'Charlie' sweeps Kerala State film awards; 'Ozhivudivasathe Kali' adjudged Best film - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = March 2016}}</ref>

His well-known films include ''[[Beautiful (2011 film)|Beautiful]]'' (2011), ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]'' (2012), ''[[Ayalum Njanum Thammil]]'' (2012), ''[[Vikramadithyan]]'' (2014), ''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]'' (2015), ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' (2015), ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'' (2016), and ''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]'' (2019). He also worked on Hindi films such as ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' (2017), ''[[Simmba]]'' (2018), and ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' (2020).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/dec/12/simmba-was-a-great-experience-cinematographer-jomon-t-john-9189.html| title = Simmba was a great experience: Cinematographer Jomon T John- Cinema express| website = [[Cinema Express]]| date = 11 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/jomon-t-john-conjuring-magic-on-camera.html| title = Onmanorama {{!}} Latest News Updates {{!}} Politics {{!}} Lifestyle {{!}} Entertainment {{!}} Sports {{!}} English Manorama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2015/neena-movie-critics-review-183343.html| title = Neena Review {{!}} Neena Movie Review {{!}} Neena Critics Review {{!}} Lal Jose {{!}} Deepti Sati {{!}} Ann Augustine {{!}} Vijay Babu - Filmibeat| date = 15 May 2015}}</ref> Jomon made his debut as a producer by co-producing the film ''Thanneer Mathan Dinangal''. Jomon is also one among the members of the [[Indian Society of Cinematographers]].

==Career==

Jomon completed his diploma in cinematography from [[Government Film and Television Institute]], [[Bangalore]]. He subsequently became active in the advertisement film industry. He made his feature film debut when [[Sameer Thahir]] signed him as the cinematographer of his debut directorial, ''[[Chaappa Kurish]]'' (2011) after which he went on become a part of many successful films. In 2015, his work in ''[[Picket 43]]'' , ''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]'', ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' and ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]'' were highly acclaimed, he was soon signed by Tamil filmmaker [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] for the [[Dhanush]]-starrer ''[[Enai Noki Paayum Thota]]''. After completion of the film, Menon also signed him for his next ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]'' and filmed a 2:49 second teaser in [[New York City]]. But soon, Jomon opted out of the film as it was rescheduled, and the new schedule clashed with the dates he had earlier allocated for [[Rohit Shetty]]'s ''[[Golmaal Again]]''.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/why-was-jomon-replaced-in-gauthams-film/articleshow/57617246.cms| title = Jomon: Why was Jomon replaced in Gautham's film? {{!}} Tamil Movie News - Times of India| website = [[The Times of India]]| date = 14 March 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Jomon married actress [[Ann Augustine]] on 2 February 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/I-keep-messaging-my-dad-like-I-used-to-when-he-was-alive-Ann-Augustine/articleshow/35439749.cms| title = Malayalam Actress Ann: I keep messaging my dad like I used to when he was alive: Ann Augustine {{!}} Malayalam Movie News - Times of India| website = [[The Times of India]]| date = 22 May 2014}}</ref> The couple filed for divorce in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My marriage was the spontaneous decision of a 23-year old: Ann Augustine |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/10/18/ann-augustine-on-marriage-divorce-family-acting-career.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-29 |title=Ann Augustine and Jomon T John file for divorce |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/ann-augustine-and-jomon-t-john-head-for-divorce/articleshow/80579359.cms |access-date=2023-12-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In December 2023, Jomon married Ansu Elsa Verghese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ആന്‍ അഗസ്റ്റിന്റെ ആദ്യ ഭര്‍ത്താവ്, ക്യാമറമാന്‍ ജോമോന്‍ ടി ജോണ്‍ വീണ്ടും വിവാഹിതനായി, വധു അൻസു ചില്ലറക്കാരിയല്ല |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/photo-gallery/cinema/jomon-t-john-is-married/photoshow/106223530.cms |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Samayam Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes !! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 ||''[[Chaappa Kurish]]''||rowspan=7|Malayalam || ||
|-
|''[[Beautiful (2011 film)|Beautiful]]''
||[[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Award for Best Cinematography]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012 ||''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]''
|| [[SIIMA|SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer]] ||
|-
|''[[Poppins]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Ayalum Njanum Thammil]]''
|| ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013 ||''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 film)|ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi]]''
|| ||
|-
|''[[Thira (film)|Thira]]''
|| [[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014 ||''[[Bramman]]''|| Tamil
|| Debut in [[Tamil cinema]] ||
|-
|''Fattack'' || Hindi || Debut in [[Hindi cinema]] ||
|-
|''[[Vikramadithyan]]''|| rowspan=7|Malayalam || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015 ||''[[Picket 43]]'' ||
||
|-
|''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]''
|| ||
|-
|''[[Nee-Na]]''
|| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography]] ||
|-
|''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]''
||{{ubl|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography]],|[[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Award for Best Cinematographer]]}} ||
|-
|''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]''
|| [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography]] ||
|-
|2016 ||''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]''
|| ||
|-
|2017 ||''[[Golmaal Again]]''|| rowspan=2|Hindi || [[Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematographer]] ||
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Simmba]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019 ||''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]''
|rowspan=2|Malayalam
|Also Producer; also features segments shot by Vinod Illampally
|
|-
|''[[Love Action Drama]]''
|Also features segments shot by [[Roby Varghese Raj]]
|
|-
|''[[Enai Noki Paayum Thota]]''|| Tamil
||Also features segments shot by [[Manoj Paramahamsa]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2020
|''[[Irul (2021)|Irul]]''
|Malayalam
|Also Producer
|
|-
|''[[Paava Kadhaigal]]''
|Tamil
|Segment: ''Thangam''
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2021
|''[[Cold Case (2021 film)|Cold Case]]''
|Malayalam
|Also Producer; features segments shot by [[Girish Gangadharan]]
|
|-
|''[[Sooryavanshi]]''
|rowspan=2|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2022
|''[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Kaapa]]''
|Malayalam
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaji Kailas replaces Venu as director of Kaapa |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/jun/01/shaji-kailas-replaces-venu-as-director-of-kaapa-31903.html |website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=June 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| 2023
|''[[Miss Shetty Mr Polishetty]]''
|Telugu
|Additional cinematography
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Anushka Shetty, Naveen Polishetty film goes on floors |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/apr/04/anushka-shettynaveen-polishetty-film-goes-on-floors-30671.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=స్టాండప్ కమెడియన్‌గా నవీన్ పోలిశెట్టి.. మోషన్ పోస్టర్ రిలీజ్ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/naveen-polishetty-plays-as-standup-comedian-in-his-upcoming-movie-121672041255457.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226081637/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/naveen-polishetty-plays-as-standup-comedian-in-his-upcoming-movie-121672041255457.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 December 2022 |access-date=26 December 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times Telugu}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Ajayante Randam Moshanam|ARM]]'' || rowspan=2 | Malayalam || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-29 |title=Basil Joseph is KP Suresh in Ajayante Randam Moshanam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/29/basil-joseph-is-kp-suresh-in-ajayante-randam-moshanam |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kadha Innuvare]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-24 |title=Kadha Innuvare release date announced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Aug/24/kadha-innuvare-release-date-announced |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2025 || ''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]'' || Telugu || Debut in [[Telugu cinema]]; also features segments shot by Girish Gangadharan ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Deverakonda's Kingdom teaser review: A new dawn or familiar territory? |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/movies/news/vijay-deverakondas-kingdom-teaser-review-a-new-dawn-or-familiar-territory/ar-AA1yWoA1?apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1 |website=MSN |date=12 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Karam (2025 film)|Karam]]'' || Malayalam || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-07-16 |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan's next titled Karam, first look out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/16/vineeth-sreenivasans-next-titled-karam-first-look-out |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As guest cinematographer===

{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes !! Ref.
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Sahasam Swasaga Sagipo]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || 1 Song only ||
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (upcoming film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Teaser only ||
|-
|}

==Awards==
;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
*[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematographer]] for ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]], [[Ennu Ninte Moideen]], [[Nee-Na]]''

;[[Asianet Film Awards|Asianet Film Awards 2011]]
* Best Cinematographer for ''[[Beautiful (2011 film)|Beautiful]]''

;[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
* Nominated - Best Cinematographer for ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]''

;[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
* Best Cinematographer for ''[[Thira]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4650551}}

{{Kerala State Film Award Best Cinematography}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Jomon T.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1981 births]]

Vadhavan Port

2026-05-06T10:24:56Z

TammieNeedham: New a stub!

{{Infobox port
| name = Vadhvan Port
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| country = India
| location = [[Vadhvan]], [[Palghar district|Palghar]], [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19|55.8|N|72|39.6|E|display=inline,title}}
| opened =
| operated = Vadhvan Port Project Limited (VPPL), [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority]]
| owner = [[Government of India]] and [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| type = [[Artificial island|Offshore]] [[Container ship|Deepsea Port]]
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size =
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
| leader =
| blankdetailstitle1 =
| blankdetails1 =
| blankdetailstitle2 =
| blankdetails2 =
| blankdetailstitle3 =
| blankdetails3 =
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage =
| containervolume =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic =
| revenue =
| profit =
| blankstatstitle1 = Length of navigational channel
| blankstats1 =
| blankstatstitle2 = wide of navigational channel
| blankstats2 =
| draft_depth = {{convert|20|m|ft}}
| website = https://vadhvanport.in/
| logo =
}}

'''Vadhavan Port''' is an approved [[deep-sea port|deep seaport]] at [[Vadhavan]] in [[Palghar district|Palghar]] district of [[Maharashtra]]. The ground breaking for start of construction was done by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 30 August 2024.The concept plan for an offshore mega Port project was designed by Surendra Sharma a fellow of NMIS in 2015 for MMB; the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]] Authority (JNPA) is responsible for the construction of the port.<ref>{{cite web |title=This memorandum of understanding entered into on 5th day of Jun 2015 at Mumbai. For Development of a satellite port for Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) off Vadhvan point south of Dahanu port on the cost of Maharashtra between Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPA) and Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB). |url=https://www.jnport.gov.in/media/2020/Dec/2020_12_04_12_08_13_.pdf |access-date=5 April 2024 |archive-date=24 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924212328/https://www.jnport.gov.in/media/2020/Dec/2020_12_04_12_08_13_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> It will be country's first ''Offshore Port'' in which the port will be built on an artificial island.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwsi_zh37so | title=The upcoming 13th Major Port of India, the Vadhavan Port at Maharashtra!! | website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 July 2024 }}</ref> After the construction of the port, it will be 2nd Mother Port in India after [[Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram]] according to [[Sagar Mala project]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.india-briefing.com/news/sagarmala-developing-india-ports-aid-economic-growth12980-12980.html/ | title=India's Mega Port Development Project 'Sagarmala': An Explainer for Investors | date=31 August 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-to-get-six-new-mega-ports-under-ministry-of-shippings-sagarmala-project-3082626.html | title=India to get six new mega ports under Ministry of Shipping's Sagarmala project | date=November 2016 }}</ref> It is estimated that the construction of the port will cost of {{INRConvert|76220|c}}.<ref name=vadhavan>{{cite report|title="Executive Summary" For Development Of A Greenfield Port At Vadhavan, District –Palghar, Maharashtra|url=https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2023-11/executiv_summary.pdf|publisher=Environmental Consultant Enkay Enviro Services Private Limited|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405094635/https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2023-11/executiv_summary.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Vadhavan will be constructed by Vadhavan Port Project Limited, a special purpose vehicle. [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]] will have a 74 percent stake in the project and [[Maharashtra Maritime Board]] will have 26 percent in a [[public private partnership]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiashippingnews.com/boost-for-maritime-sector-as-rs-76220-crore-vadhavan-port-planned-in-maharashtra-gets-cabinet-nod/|title=Boost for maritime sector as Rs 76,220 Crore Vadhavan Port planned in Maharashtra gets cabinet nod - India Shipping News|date=June 20, 2024|access-date=June 21, 2024|archive-date=June 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620150904/https://indiashippingnews.com/boost-for-maritime-sector-as-rs-76220-crore-vadhavan-port-planned-in-maharashtra-gets-cabinet-nod/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-19 |title=Rs 76,000-cr Vadhavan Port project in Maharashtra gets Cabinet approval |url=https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/rs-76-000-cr-vadhavan-port-project-in-maharashtra-gets-cabinet-approval-124061901136_1.html |website=www.business-standard.com |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2024-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620034138/https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/rs-76-000-cr-vadhavan-port-project-in-maharashtra-gets-cabinet-approval-124061901136_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The port will consist of an [[artificial island]], and its berths along with the inner navigable channel will be surrounded by [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]], while the outer navigable channel will be open sea. Cargo will be handled through container berths, liquid berths, ro-ro berths and multipurpose cargo berths within harbour. From the Vadhaban Point, towards the sea, a distance of {{convert|10|km|mi}} has a natural depth of {{convert|20|m|ft}}, making it possible to handle large ships in the port. The ''port island'' which will be built on the Arabian Sea will have depths of more than {{convert|20|m|ft}} respectively, and will be able to accommodate [[Container ship|Ultra Large Container Ships(ULCS)]] vessels.

== Port infrastructure ==
=== Harbour ===
The harbour of Vadhavan port is planned as an artificial harbour, which will be protected by [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwaters]]. The harbour will allow large container ships of 233,000 DWT to enter the port. The land required for the construction of cargo handling infrastructure will be reclaimed from the sea by filling with silt.

=== Approach channel ===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" align=right
|+ Depth of water in the channel{{sfn|JNPT|2023|p=98–99}}
|-
! colspan="2"| Condition and value of depth
! colspan="2"| Channels
|-
! Condition
! Value
! Approach channel
! Inner channel
|-
! rowspan="2" | Natural depth
| Seabed (below CD) || {{convert|17–20|m|ft}} || {{convert|15-17|m|ft}}
|-
| Dredged || {{convert|20|m|ft}} || {{convert|17.5|m|ft}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Tidal depth
| Minimum (with minimum tidal advantage) || {{convert|22|m|ft}} || {{convert|19.5|m|ft}}
|-
| Maximum (with HHWS) || {{convert|24.7|m|ft}} || {{convert|22.2|m|ft}}
|}

A {{convert|4|km|mi}} long approach channel outside breakwater will be connect the {{convert|17.5|m|ft}} CD deep water body of [[Arabian Sea|Arabian sea]] to the harbour for ships movement.{{sfn|JNPT|2023|p=119}} The approach channel has a design depth of {{convert|20|m|ft}} and a minimum width of {{convert|732|m|ft}}, but the harbor depth of {{convert|17.5|m|ft}} CD (1st phase) will allow vessels of {{convert|14.5|m|ft}} draft to enter and exit the harbour without tidal support. However, the mean sea level (MSL) observed in the port area is {{convert|2.8|m|ft}}, which increases the depth of the approach channel and harbour.{{sfn|JNPT|2023|p=98–99}} The depth of the inner channel and manoeuvring area will be more than {{convert|19.5|m|ft}} with minimum tidal advantage; vessels with a draft of {{convert|16.5|m|ft}} are capable of navigating in this water depth.{{sfn|JNPT|2023|p=119}}{{sfn|JNPT|2023|p=98–99}}

=== Container terminal ===
Initial plans to build the port include four container terminals in the first phase; each terminal consists of 2 berths with a {{convert|1000|m|ft}} long [[wharf]]. The deck height of the wharves is {{convert|7.6|m|ft}} above the [[chart datum]] or mean lower low water (MLLW). Each berth of these terminals will have facilities for handling vessels with a maximum length of {{convert|400|m|ft}} and a beam of {{convert|61|m|ft}}.{{sfn|JNPT|2023|p=216-217}}

== Vadhavan airport ==
There are plans to develop an [[offshore airport]] on an [[artificial island]] adjacent to the sea port which will be the first in the country. The airport will be similar to the [[Hong Kong International Airport]] and [[Kansai International Airport]]. As of 26 February 2025, the project received approval from the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|environment]] and [[Ministry of Defence (India)|defence ministries]]. A [[feasibility study]] will be conducted by the [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI) before an investment is finalised. The location is {{Convert|125|km|abbr=on}} from the [[Mumbai International Airport]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-02-26 |title=India plans its first offshore airport near Mumbai - key details here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/travel/news/india-plans-its-first-offshore-airport-near-mumbai-key-details-here/articleshow/118581202.cms |access-date=2026-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The airport will be integrated with other transport infrastructure like the Vadhavan Port, metro link to [[Western Railway zone]], [[Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor]], [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]], [[Uttan–Virar Sea Link]] as well as an eight-lane road link with the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=India’s first offshore airport at Vadhavan to cost ₹45,000 crore, handle 90 million passengers |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aviation/indias-45000-crore-offshore-airport-at-vadhavan-set-to-revolutionize-air-travel-with-90-million-passengers-capacity/127453467 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref>

As of 25 January 2026, the project will cost {{INRConvert|45000|c|lk=on|year=2026}}, which includes {{INRConvert|25000|c|lk=|year=2026}} earmarked for [[land reclamation]]. The airport will have an annual capacity of 90 million passengers and 3 million [[metric tonnes]] of cargo. The pre-feasibility study is being conducted by the [[Maharashtra Airport Development Company]] since 2025 and is nearing completion. The airport will feature two [[parallel runways]].<ref name=":1" />

==See also==

* [[Transport in India]]
* [[List of ports in India]]
* [[Sagar Mala project]]

==References ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite report |author=JNPT |date=2023 |title=Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Development of A Greenfield Port at Vadhavan |url=https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2023-11/A.%20EIA%20Report_VPPL_29.10.2023_0.pdf |publisher= Maharashtra Pollution Control Board |access-date=7 August 2024}}

[[Category:Ports and harbours of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Proposed ports in India]]
[[Category:Economy of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Maharashtra]]

Aziz Ahmad (writer)

2026-04-30T02:29:01Z

TammieNeedham: put up pg - done

{{Short description|Pakistani-Canadian academic (1914–1978)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
| honorific_prefix = [[RSC - The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada|RSC]]
| name = Aziz Ahmad
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = عزیز احمد
| native_name_lang =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1914|11|11}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1978|12|16|1914|11|11}}
| death_place = [[Toronto]], [[Canada]]
| resting_place =
| occupation =
| language = [[Urdu]]
| residence =
| nationality = [[Pakistani]]
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]]
| home_town =
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement =
| notableworks = 
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active =
| module =
| website = 
| portaldisp = 
}}
'''Aziz Ahmad''' (11 November 1914 in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]] – 16 December 1978 in [[Toronto]], [[Canada]]) was a Pakistani-Canadian academic who worked as a professor of [[Islamic studies]] at the [[University of Toronto]] and is best known for his work in Islamic history with a focus on [[South Asia]]. In addition, he was a noted [[Urdu language|Urdu]] poet, novelist, translator, [[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]] scholar and literary critic.<ref name="dawn.com">[https://www.dawn.com/news/771912 ''Aziz Ahmed, literary research and controversies''], [[Rauf Parekh]], [[Dawn News]]</ref>

==Life==
Aziz Ahmad was born on 11 Nov 1914 in Hyderabad, India. He was educated at the [[Osmania University]], Hyderabad (BA, 1934) and in London (BA Honours, English Literature 1938). From 1938 to 1941, he was a lecturer in the Department of English at Osmania University. In 1941, he entered service for Princess Durr-e-Shahwar as her private secretary. From 1946 to 1948, he was a reader at Osmania University. He spent 9 years thereafter in Pakistan, working for the Department of Advertising, Films and Publications. From 1957 to 1962, he was employed by the London School of Oriental and African Studies as a teacher of [[Urdu]]. In 1962, he relocated to the [[University of Toronto]] first as an associate professor of Islamic Studies before becoming a full professor in 1968. He died of cancer on 16 Dec 1978 in Toronto.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aziz-ahmad|title = Aziz Ahmad|date = 16 December 2013|accessdate = 25 September 2014|website = The Canadian Encyclopedia|publisher = |last = Shaheen|first = W.A.}}</ref>

==Works==
Apart from Urdu, Ahmad spoke [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] fluently and focused on translation early in his career.<ref name="dawn.com"/> Later he started writing short stories, of which he would publish five collections, and novels, authoring ten. He penned a number of non-fiction works about history and culture and two books of literary criticism.<ref name=":0" />

==Writing style==

''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] ''notes that "Aziz Ahmad's writings, in general, have been very critical of the feudal system and of social injustices resulting in degrading, inhuman exploitation of the underprivileged, oppressed sectors of the society at large."<ref name=":0" /> Syed Ehtesham Hussain in ''Urdu Adab ki Tanqeedi Tareekh'' (1983) wrote, "Like his short stories, his novels are replete with hide-and-seek with the deity of sex. Almost all characters of his, are overwhelmed by libido. Undoubtedly, he is a master of the art of novel writing. Owing to his knowledge of many European languages, he has been influenced from better European literary styles but his biggest mistake is that he closes his eyes from life's other big issues while analyzing sexual life"<ref>[Urdu Adab ki Tanqeedi Tareekh, Qaumi Council Baraye Farogh-e-Zuban Urdu, New Delhi 1983]</ref>

==Significance==
Ahmad is regarded as an important Urdu short-story writer and novelist. Histories of Urdu literature mention him as a famous and eminent writer of his time. However, Aazam Raahi, in his book on Ahmad, notes that he was not accorded the respect commensurate with his contributions. He writes, "Despite his extraordinary works in research, criticism and fiction, he was ignored by the critics and was not given the honour that he deserved"<ref>Aazam Raahi: "Aziz Ahmed: fikr-o-fan aur shakhsiyet", Educational Publishing House, Delhi, 2012</ref> ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' indicates that his 1946 critical assessment of the [[Progressive Writers Movement]] in Urdu, ''Taraqqi Pasand Adab,'' "is considered one of the few authentic books on the subject."<ref name=":0" />

==Awards==

* Fellow, Royal Society of Canada.<ref name=":0" />
* Honorary Degree, University of London.<ref name=":0" />

==Bibliography==

Novels:

* ''Hawas'' (1931)
* ''Murmur aur Khoon'' (1932)
* ''Gurez'' (1940)
* ''Aag'' (1946)
* ''Aisi Balandi Aisi Pasti'' (1947). Translated by [[Ralph Russell]] as "The shore and the wave" (1971).
* ''Shabnam'' (1950)

Short story collections:

* ''Raqs-e-Natamaam'' (?)
* ''Bekaar Din Bekaar Raatein'' (?)

Other Books:
* ''Taraqqi Pasand Adab'' (1946)
* ''Political History and Institutions of the Early Turkish empire of Dilhi : 1206-1290 A.D.'' (1949)
* ''Iqbal Nai Tashkeel'' (?)
* ''Islamic law in theory and practice'' (1956)
* ''Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Jamal al-din al-Afghani and Muslim India'' (1960)
* ''Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment'' (1964)
* ''Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan 1857–1964'' (1967)
* ''An Intellectual History of Islam in India'' (1969)
* ''Muslim Self-statement in India and Pakistan : 1857-1968'' (1970)
* ''Religion and Society in Pakistan'' (1971)
* ''A History of Islamic Sicily'' (1975)

Edited Volumes:

* ''Intekhab-e-Jadeed'' (in collaboration with Aal-e-Ahmad Suroor) (1943). It is an anthology of selected Urdu poetry from 1914 to 1942.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Archival records|title=Aziz Ahmad fonds}}
* [https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aziz-ahmad-fonds Aziz Ahmad archival papers] held at [https://utarms.library.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Aziz}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani novelists]]
[[Category:Pakistani male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani short story writers]]
[[Category:Iqbal scholars]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Hyderabadi descent]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Toronto]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Novelists from Ontario]]

Narasapuram Municipality

2026-04-25T21:40:12Z

TammieNeedham: added new bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Narasapuram Municipality
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| named_after =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| merged_into =
| successor =
| formation = 1956
| founder =
| founding_location =
| extinction =
| merger = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| type = [[Governmental organization]]
| status = [[Local government]]
| purpose = Civic administration
| professional_title = 
| headquarters = [[Narasapuram]]
| location = [[Narasapuram]], [[West Godavari district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| region_served =
| services =
| membership =
| num_members_year =
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 = Municipal Commissioner
| leader_name2 =
| board_of_directors =
| key_people =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| budget =
| budget_year =
| num_staff =
| num_staff_year =
| slogan =
| website = https://narasapur.cdma.ap.gov.in/
| remarks =
| former_name =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Narasapuram Municipality''' is the [[Self-governance|local self government]] in [[Narasapuram]], a town in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is classified as a ''first grade municipality''.<ref name="civicbody">{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=29 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128175528/http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|archivedate=28 January 2016|format=PDF}}</ref>

==Administration==
The municipality was constituted in 1956 and is spread over an area of {{convert|11.32|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} with 31 wards.<ref name="civicbody" />

==Civic works and services==
The city municipality implements the use of local language, [[Telugu language|Telugu]] in civic services and also publishes ''Narsapur Times''.

==See also==
* [[List of municipalities in Andhra Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:1956 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1956]]
[[Category:Municipal Councils in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

B. K. Syngal

2026-04-23T21:33:18Z

TammieNeedham:

{{Short description|Indian computer engineer (1940–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Brijendra K Syngal
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1940<ref name=":0" />
| birth_place = [[Ambala]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj]]<ref name=":0" />
| death_date = 9 July 2022 (aged 82)
| death_place =
| spouse =
| alma_mater = [[IIT, Kharagpur]]
| workplaces = VSNL India
| known_for = Telecommunications
| website =
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[IET Achievement Medal]]
}}
}}
'''Brijendra Kumar Syngal''' (1940 – 9 July 2022) was an Indian telecommunications executive who was referred to as the ‘Father of Indian Internet’. His five-decade career included executive positions in the major and public sector telecom companies in India including Chairman and Managing Director of [[Tata Communications|VSNL]], now known as [[Tata Communications]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://strategicsolutionz.com/syngal.html |title=Strategic Solutions...About B.K.Syngal |accessdate=2015-10-28 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150506/http://www.strategicsolutionz.com/syngal.html |archivedate=2012-08-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1998-06-28/indias-b-dot-k-dot-syngal-intl-edition|title=India's B.K. Syngal|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=29 June 1998|via=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107205127/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1998-06-28/indias-b-dot-k-dot-syngal-intl-edition|url-status=live}}</ref> India’s provider of telecommunication services, Chairman of Reliance Telecomm <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/article28935390.ece|title=B.K. Syngal is fellow of IIT|website=@businessline|date=20 September 2003|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711070857/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/article28935390.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> and Vice Chairman of BPL Communications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2001/nov/21bpl.htm|title=rediff.com: Syngal set to head BPL cell ventures : BS|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133252/http://www.rediff.com/money/2001/nov/21bpl.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Syngal also served as Chairman, [[Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation]] (London);<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dsci.in/taxonomypage/653 |title=Jury for the Corporate Awards | Data Security Council of India |access-date=28 October 2015 |archive-date=26 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926133430/https://www.dsci.in/taxonomypage/653 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Governor, [[Intelsat]] Board, Washington DC;<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.duaconsulting.com/principals.html|title=Senior Principals – Dua Consulting|website=www.duaconsulting.com|access-date=28 October 2015|archive-date=12 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912235820/http://www.duaconsulting.com/principals.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and as a Councillor for the INMARSAT Council in London.

Syngal was Senior Principal, Dua Consulting, [[New Delhi]], India. He headed the Consulting and Advisory team of Telecom Experts in the disciplines of Licensing, Regulation, Policy Formulations and Government Affairs. He provided services to a large number of Telecom Clients, both National and Multi-National, in these areas.<ref name="auto"/>

== Career ==
He held various technical qualifications including B.Tech. (Hons.) and M.Tech. from [[IIT Kharagpur|IIT, Kharagpur]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-best-and-the-brightest/209442|title=The Best And The Brightest|website=outlookindia.com|access-date=2016-04-11|archive-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427132914/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-best-and-the-brightest/209442|url-status=live}}</ref> India, C Eng (UK), M.I.E.E. (UK) and Sr. M.I.E.E. (USA). He was also a member of the [[London Court of International Arbitration]].

One of Mr. Syngal's earliest major accomplishments included assisting [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organization]] and [[Department of Space]] with the launch of their satellite in 1992, when US-imposed sanctions prohibited use of US-based facilities for tracking of satellites during the most crucial launch phase. He was instrumental in the award of a major contract for supply of space segment capacity on the Indian INSAT system in 1994–1995.<ref>An excerpt taken from "Reflections by IITians" Published by Ram Krishnaswamy 2008</ref> Under his chairmanship (1991-1998),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mookerji |first=Nivedita |date=May 16, 2020 |title=What Telecom Man reveals about India's business-politics links |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/special/what-telecom-man-reveals-about-indias-business-politics-links/20200516.htm |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Rediff |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725202149/https://www.rediff.com/money/special/what-telecom-man-reveals-about-indias-business-politics-links/20200516.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> VSNL launched the first publicly-available Internet plans in India in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 1995 |title=VSNL starts India's first Internet service today |url=http://www.dxm.org/techonomist/news/vsnlnow.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=www.dxm.org |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010020634/http://dxm.org/techonomist/news/vsnlnow.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Under Mr. Syngal's leadership, VSNL‘s gross revenues rose 215 percent from $515 million to $1.6 billion. Stock market capitalisation rose 355 percent, from $0.9 billion to $4.1 billion, profits rose 666 percent, and gross revenue per employee rose 204 percent, switched-voice traffic rose 354 percent, and data traffic rose 1091 percent. Under Mr. Syngal's stewardship, VSNL conceived, planned and executed what was at that time the biggest Global Depository Receipts (GDR) issue out of India and the third largest out of Asia (Excluding Japan). The issue was oversubscribed about ten times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brijendra K. Syngal, Senior Principal, Dua Consulting |url=http://archive.tele.net.in/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=16114 |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=tele.net.in}}</ref>

VSNL rose to become an international company, both in terms of the services it offers and its ownership. Under Mr. Syngal's chairmanship, VSNL also contributed to the explosive growth of India's software industry. The software growth increased from US$60 million in 1991 to US$2 billion in 1997–98. Employment in the software sector increased from 40,000 to 6,00,000 in the same period. In 1998, he and his team of associates joined Reliance, and remained there until his resignation in 2001. During his tenure as Reliance Infocomm chairperson, Syngal was said to be also serving as the president of the Association of Unified Telecom Service Providers of India—one of the telecom industry’s trade associations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/government-helping-reliance-jio-monopolise-telecom|title=How Reliance Jio is monopolising the telecom sector|last=Block|first=Daniel|website=The Caravan|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21|archive-date=16 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516080132/https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/government-helping-reliance-jio-monopolise-telecom|url-status=live}}</ref>

He has written for Business newspapers and Magazines like [[the Economic Times]], [[Business India]]. Other contributions include "The Chakrarvyu in the Local Loop";<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article28904475.ece|title=The chakravyuh of local loop|website=@businessline|date=27 February 2003|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106193653/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article28904475.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Telecommunications as the fourth Dimension of Transportation after Land Sea and Air;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/|title=Business News Live, Share Market News – Read Latest Finance News, IPO, Mutual Funds News|website=The Economic Times|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=3 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103214009/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Commoditisation of Connectivity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/commoditisation-connectivity-brijendra-syngal|title=Commoditisation of Connectivity|website=www.linkedin.com|access-date=5 July 2016|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711070857/https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/commoditisation-connectivity-brijendra-syngal|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also been a visiting lecturer at the [[Indian School of Business]], Hyderabad (ISB) on Corporate Governance in the Public Sector.

== Honors and awards ==
Syngal has received many industry awards including Telecom Man of the Decade Award by Wisitex Foundation, India, Partners in Progress Award by the Government of [[Maharashtra]] for his contributions in telecommunications sector both in India and abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iitkgp.org/content/institutional-development-id-program|title=The Institutional Development (ID) Program|website=iitkgp.org|access-date=11 July 2022|archive-date=16 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316053113/https://iitkgp.org/content/institutional-development-id-program|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Syngal has been the recipient of the Ambrose Fleming Medal for Achievement in Communications conferred by the [[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] (IET), UK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.machinebuilding.net/n/n1290.htm|title=IET Names Winners of 2008 Achievement Awards|website=www.machinebuilding.net|access-date=2016-04-11|archive-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424103620/http://www.machinebuilding.net/n/n1290.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

He was also credited with bringing the internet to India in 1995, ahead of any Asian country, with the exception of Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/R3kgewhIhKscbiELV1sHZM/The-birth-of-the-Internet-in-India.html|title=The birth of the Internet in India|last=Ghosh|first=Shauvik|website=livemint.com|date=29 June 2015|access-date=2016-04-11|archive-date=2 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002083708/http://www.livemint.com/Industry/R3kgewhIhKscbiELV1sHZM/The-birth-of-the-Internet-in-India.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He was named one of the '50 stars of Asia' by the Business Week magazine in 1998.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sapkale |first=Yogesh |date=2020-02-11 |title='Telecom Man' Is Story of BK Syngal, the Father of Internet in India and the Revolution |url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/telecom-man-is-story-of-bk-syngal-the-father-of-internet-in-india-and-the-revolution/59417.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |work=Moneylife |language=en}}</ref> He was also honored by his Alma Mater (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur) with a life fellowship for his contributions in the field of communications and changing the life of millions by bringing internet and digital connectivity to India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/22071998/cf5.html|title=Business Today|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=18 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418215914/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/22071998/cf5.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some of his other awards given in recognition of his outstanding achievement in the telecom sector include:<ref>An excerpt taken from the book "Reflections by IITians" Published by Ram Krishnaswamy 2008</ref>
"Partners in Progress" award, by the Govt. of Maharashtra,
"International Excellence Award – 1994" in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the field of telecommunications both in India and abroad.

=== Bibliography ===
BK Syngal has edited two books- 'Back to the DOTs' and 'VSNL unleashed'.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxgWAQAAMAAJ|title=Back to the dots--: development of India's external telecommunications from morse to mouse|last1=Nair|first1=C. N. N.|last2=Ltd|first2=Videsh Sanchar Nigam|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Syngal died on 9 July 2022 at the age of 82.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-11 |title=BK Syngal, the Telecom Man of India, is No More |url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/bk-syngal-the-telecom-man-of-india-is-no-more/67717.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |work=Moneylife |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=BL Mumbai |date=2022-07-10 |title='Father of Indian Internet' BK Syngal passes away |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/former-vsnl-chief-bk-syngal-passes-away/article65623246.ece |access-date=2022-07-11 |newspaper=[[Business Line|The Hindu Business Line]] |language=en |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710144721/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/former-vsnl-chief-bk-syngal-passes-away/article65623246.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Syngal |first1=Brijendra K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_dYzQEACAAJ|title=Telecom Man: Leading from the Front in India's Digital Revolution |last2=Deb |first2=Sandipan |date=2020 |publisher=Westland Publications Private Limited |isbn=978-93-89152-09-8 |language=en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Syngal, B. K.}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Delhi]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the telecommunications industry]]

Vishwamitra Pathak

2026-04-23T05:44:36Z

TammieNeedham: New a stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sihawal Assembly constituency|Sihawal]]
| term_start = 2008
| term_end = 2013
| profession = Politician
| predecessor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start1 = 2023
| constituency1 = [[Sihawal Assembly constituency|Sihawal]]
| predecessor1 = [[Kamleshwar Patel]]
}}
'''Vishwamitra Pathak''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a two time elected [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]] and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Sihawal Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

==Political career==
Pathak began his political journey as a member of the Indian National Congress, where he was an active worker until 2008. Prior to the 2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). In the [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], Pathak was nominated by the Bharatiya Janata Party to contest from the Sihawal Assembly Constituency. He ran against the Indian National Congress candidate, Indrajeet Kumar, and won with a margin of 2,468 votes, securing a total of 37,083 votes to Kumar's 34,615.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sihawal, Election Result 2023 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates & Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2023 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/madhya-pradesh/sihawal-constituency-s12aed2008a078/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sihawal assembly election results 2023: Sihawal Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/sihawal-assembly-result-12078 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013 Madhya Pradesh Assembly election]], Pathak again received the BJP ticket for the Sihawal constituency. This time, he faced [[Kamleshwar Patel|Kamaleshwar Patel]], the son of his previous opponent Indrajeet Kumar, representing the INC. Patel won the election with a significant margin of 32,556 votes, receiving 72,928 votes to Pathak's 40,372.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Sihawal Assembly Election 2023 Result Live Updates: Check Latest Trends From Madhya Pradesh Election Results |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/sihawal-assembly-election-2023-result-live-updates-latest-trends-from-madhya-pradesh-election-results-article-105693083 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

For the [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018 Madhya Pradesh Assembly election]], Pathak departed from the BJP after not being granted a ticket, choosing instead to contest independently. He ran against Kamaleshwar Patel, the INC candidate, and the new BJP nominee, Shivbahadursingh Chandel. Patel won again, with a margin of 31,506 votes, receiving 63,918 votes to Pathak's 27,121 and Chandel's 32,412.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Following his departure from the BJP, he remained politically active outside the party and campaigned for the Indian National Congress during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections.

In the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]] Madhya Pradesh Assembly election, Pathak rejoined the BJP, which nominated him once more for the Sihawal constituency. He competed again against INC candidate Kamaleshwar Patel and won with a margin of 16,478 votes, securing 87,086 votes to Patel's 70,607.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sihawal Assembly Election Results 2023: Sihawal Madhya Pradesh Election Schedule, Vote share and Results |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/sihawal-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

Controversies
Allegations in Santosh Tiwari murder case

Pathak’s name was involved in a significant legal controversy regarding the murder of Santosh Tiwari. The case has been a subject of political debate in the Sidhi district and Sihawal constituency, frequently surfacing during election campaigns.

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathak, Vishwamitra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Killing of Chandra Nagamallaiah

2026-04-22T01:29:46Z

TammieNeedham: Stub

{{Short description|2025 murder in Dallas, Texas, US}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| location = [[Dallas]], Texas, US
| date = September 10, 2025
| time-begin = 8:26 a.m. ([[Central Time Zone|CDT]])
| time-end = 8:30 a.m.
| type = [[Stabbing]] and [[beheading]]
| weapon = [[Machete]]
| fatalities =
| victim = Chandra Mouli Nagamallaiah (50)
| assailant = Yordanis Cobos-Martinez (37)
| charges = [[Capital murder]]
}}

'''Chandra Mouli "Bob" Nagamallaiah''' (December 2, 1974 – September 10, 2025) was an Indian motel manager living in the United States who was stabbed and then beheaded in front of his wife and son by his Cuban co-worker '''Yordanis Cobos-Martinez''', after an argument at the Downtown Suites Dallas motel that they worked at in the Owenwood neighborhood of [[Dallas]], Texas in September 2025.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tim |first=Stelloh |last2=Durante |first2=Nicole |date=September 11, 2025 |title=Man accused of beheading Dallas motel manager who told him not to use a broken washing machine |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-accused-beheading-dallas-motel-manager-told-not-use-broken-washing-rcna230705 |access-date=September 11, 2025 |website=www.nbcnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Thapa |first=Vaidika |date=September 12, 2025 |title=Who was Chandra Nagamallaiah? Indian-origin motel manager From Karnataka beheaded in front of Family in US News24 - |url=https://news24online.com/world/who-was-chandra-nagamallaiah-indian-origin-motel-manager-from-karnataka-beheaded-in-dallas-us/631377/ |access-date=September 12, 2025 |website=News24 |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
Chandra Mouli Nagamallaiah was born on December 2, 1974<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary information for Nagamallaiah Chandra Mouli |url=https://www.daltonandson.com/obituaries/obituary-listings?obId=45326942 |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=www.daltonandson.com |language=en-US}}</ref> and raised in [[Bangalore]], Karnataka, India. He married a woman named Nisha, and they had a son named Gaurav around 2007. He began in business with a small retail store selling baby and children’s supplies, then later ran two restaurants in India before moving his family to the United States in 2020. In 2021, Nagamallaiah moved, with his family, to [[Dallas]], Texas from [[San Antonio]], Texas to work at the Downtown Suites Dallas motel where he was later killed.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/crime/dallas-motel-beheading-family-of-victim-speaking-gofundme/287-eed30615-f4c7-477c-a8cd-de1975c2789d |access-date= 2025-12-08 |title=Family of man beheaded in Dallas shares his story as GoFundMe surpasses $350K
|first=Matt|last=Howerton|date=2025-09-16}}</ref> Nagamallaiah's family and friends called him Bob.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2025 |title=Who was Chandra Nagamallaiah, Indian-origin man beheaded in Dallas? Killer kicked his severed head: Chilling details |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-was-chandra-nagamallaiah-indian-origin-man-beheaded-in-dallas-killer-kicked-his-severed-head-chilling-details-101757643145896.html |access-date=September 12, 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Yordanis Cobos-Martinez was born on March 20, 1988, in Cuba. At some point{{when|date=September 2025}} he illegally migrated to the United States, eventually settling in Texas. He also worked at the Downtown Suites Dallas motel.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 12, 2025 |title=Who was Chandra Nagamallaiah? Indian-origin man beheaded with a machete in US over 'workplace dispute' {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/us-news/who-was-chandra-nagamallaiah-indian-origin-man-beheaded-in-us-dallas-motel-houston-cobosmartinez-11757656346096.html |access-date=September 12, 2025 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Sengupta |first=Trisha |date=September 12, 2025 |title=Who is Yordanis Cobos-Martinez? Man held for horror Texas beheading of Indian Chandra Nagamallaiah |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/us/who-is-yordanis-cobos-martinez-man-held-for-horror-texas-beheading-of-indian-chandra-nagamallaiah-101757655812663.html |access-date=September 12, 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Cobos-Martinez had a criminal record in [[California]], [[Texas]] and [[Florida]], having been charged in February 2017 for stealing a [[Mercedes-Benz]] in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida]], and in June 2017 for [[carjacking]] a woman while naked in [[South Lake Tahoe, California]]. The next year in 2018, he fled California to Texas where he was charged with aggravated assault, a felony, in Harris County that same year. He ended up pleading guilty to a misdemeanor assault charge and was sentenced to 1 year in county jail.
<ref name=history>{{cite web|url=https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/harris-county/dallas-texas-motel-beheading-suspect-yordanis-cobos-martinez-criminal-history/285-d3dbdc77-5efc-48c4-8845-1b392a7d06aa |access-date= 2025-12-08 |title=Man accused in Dallas beheading has criminal history in Houston area, California
|first=Cory|last=McCord|date=2025-09-11}}</ref> While he resided in Texas, Cobos-Martinez was also charged with an act of indecency in [[Houston]] before moving back to Florida where he was charged with assault on a child. In January 2023, he was back in Texas where the Harris County Sheriff's Office arrested Cobos-Martinez on an out-of-state fugitive warrant. According to court records, he was in custody when authorities realized he was wanted out of California for a series of charges: carjacking, [[false imprisonment]] and failure to appear. He was eventually extradited to California to face the charges. In later 2023, Cobos-Martinez was convicted by jury trial in California of the carjacking and was sentenced to a year and a half. He was ultimately released on January 13, 2025, with deportation back to Cuba attempted; however, he was denied entry into Cuba due to his criminal history, so he was then put under supervision.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Saikat Kumar |date=September 12, 2025 |title=Indian Manager's Beheading In US: Documents Reveal Grisly Details |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/chandra-mouli-nagamallaiah-indian-man-killed-in-dallas-chilling-details-of-what-triggered-us-motel-staff-to-behead-indian-manager-9262974/amp/1 |access-date=September 12, 2025 |website=NDTV World}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2025 |title=Man accused of beheading Dallas motel manager who told him not to use a broken washing machine |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-accused-beheading-dallas-motel-manager-told-not-use-broken-washing-rcna230705 |access-date=September 12, 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> only to abscond again and make his way back to Texas.

== Murder ==
On September 10, 2025, shortly after 8:00 a.m. [[Central Time Zone|CDT]], at the Downtown Suites Dallas motel, 50-year-old motel manager Chandra Mouli Nagamallaiah and two of his co-workers, an anonymous woman and 37-year-old Yordanis Cobos-Martinez, were cleaning rooms on the bottom floor of the motel. Nagamallaiah informed the other employee and Cobos-Martinez not to use the washing machine because it was broken. Cobos-Martinez grew angry when Nagamallaiah asked the female co-worker to [[Language interpretation|translate]] the instructions due to [[Language barrier|language barriers]], instead of Nagamallaiah speaking to him directly. The two men then began to argue, and Cobos-Martinez left the room.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />

At around 8:20 a.m., Cobos-Martinez returned with a machete and began to stab Nagamallaiah, who attempted to run to the motel's front office. Nagamallaiah's wife Nisha and his son Gaurav ran out of the front office and tried to pull Cobos-Martinez away, but he pushed them off and started hacking at Nagamallaiah's neck, eventually beheading him.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />

At exactly 8:30 a.m., Cobos-Martinez kicked Nagamallaiah's head into the parking lot, picked it up, and took it to a dumpster. As paramedics arrived at 8:31 a.m., he tossed the head inside the dumpster. Minutes later, police arrested Cobos-Martinez, who was covered in blood and carrying the machete.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

== Aftermath ==
Yordanis Cobos-Martinez was charged with [[capital murder]], after admitting to killing Nagamallaiah.<ref name=":6" /> Chandra Nagamallaiah's funeral was held on September 13, 2025.<ref name=":5" /> President [[Donald Trump]] noted that Chandra Nagamallaiah was a "well respected person in Dallas, Texas" and stated that Cobos-Martinez "will be prosecuted to the fullest extent".<ref name="Rosenbaum2025">{{cite web |last1=Rosenbaum |first1=Steven |title=Trump posts about Dallas motel manager killing, blames Biden administration after suspect was not deported |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/trump-post-dallas-beheading-ice-biden-deportation-cuba/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=21 September 2025 |date=15 September 2025}}</ref> He criticised the [[Biden administration]] for their failure at handling Cobos-Martinez.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dey |first1=Abishek |title=Trump vows tough action after beheading of Indian motel manager but no updates have been made but as of November 2025, he is said to Not to Get the Death Penalty so the most likely case is a few years in prison or deportation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c99gpzg4ee7o |access-date=September 15, 2025 |work=[[BBC]] |date=September 15, 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagamallaiah, Chandra, Murder of}}

[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian people murdered abroad]]
[[Category:Filmed killings in the United States]]
[[Category:2025 in Dallas]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in Texas]]
[[Category:September 2025 crimes in the United States]]
[[Category:Deaths by stabbing in Texas]]
[[Category:Deaths by decapitation]]
[[Category:2025 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian-American history]]
[[Category:Cuban-American history]]
[[Category:Stabbing attacks in 2025]]
[[Category:Killings by illegal immigrants in the United States]]

Paris Pranaya

2026-04-21T17:37:28Z

TammieNeedham: created new stub.

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Paris Pranaya
|image = Paris Pranaya poster.jpg
|caption = Official poster
|director = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
|producer = Amarnatha Gowda Harinath Policharla Tumkur Dayanand Vidyashankar
|writer = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
|narrator =
|starring = [[Raghu Mukherjee]] Minal Patil
|music = Stephen Prayog
|cinematography = Krishna Kumar
|editing = Basavaraj Urs
|studio = 21st Century Lions Cinema
|released = {{Film date|2003|4|18|df=y}}
|runtime = 151 minutes
|country = India
|language = Kannada
|budget =
}}

'''''Paris Pranaya''''' ({{translation|Romance in Paris}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Kannada]]-language romantic drama film directed and written by [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]. The film stars newcomers [[Raghu Mukherjee]] and Minal Patil in the lead roles whilst [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] and [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] feature in other prominent roles. The film was produced by 21st Century Lions Cinema banner.

The film released on 18 April 2003 to generally positive reviews from critics. Extensively shot in many European locales such as [[Paris]], [[Rome]], [[Southern France]] and [[Spain]], the film covers a scene of the annual "Vishwa Kannada Sammelana - 2002" held at [[Detroit]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasa |first1=Srikanth |title=From Europe to Moodbidri |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec01/ent5.asp |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=31 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030822031557/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec01/ent5.asp |archive-date=22 August 2003 |date=1 December 2002}}</ref> It went on to win awards at the [[Filmfare Awards South]] and [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] for the year 2003.

==Cast==
* [[Raghu Mukherjee]] as Krish alias Krishna
* Minal Patil as Poorvi
* [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]] as H. K. Master
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Aditya
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as 'Cell' Seetha
* Harinath Policharla
* [[Sumalatha]]
* [[Sudha Belawadi]]
* [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]] guest appearance

===Voice-over===
* [[Rajesh Krishnan]] dubbed for Raghu Mukherjee
* [[Nanditha]] dubbed for Minal Patil

== Production ==
[[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]] began working on the script in January 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/moviemaker-nagathihalli-turns-to-europe/articleshow/97950539.cms|title=Moviemaker Nagathihalli turns to Europe|first=G. S.|last=Kumar|date=3 January 2002|work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Raghu Mukherjee]], the winner of the [[Grasim Mr. India|2002 Mister Grasim International]], plays an [[non-resident Indian|NRI]] from Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_parispranaya.asp|title=Paris Pranaya- new film of Nagathihalli|work=Viggy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-raghu-mukherjee-i-am-a-lot-more-keen-today-on-going-against-my-image/826a11a1e1869|title=Exclusive! Raghu Mukherjee: I am a lot more keen today on going against my image|first=Swaroop|last=Kodur|date=6 November 2022|work=[[HT Media|OTT Play]]}}</ref> Minal Patil was to make her debut with ''Janani'' but was later replaced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/another-carmelite-enters-films/articleshow/14396522.cms|title=Another carmelite enters films|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 June 2002|first=G. S.|last=Kumar}}</ref> The song "Rome Rome" was shot in [[Barcelona]] during the [[La Mercè]] celebrations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/spandana-to-be-telecast-from-sept-30/articleshow/23397881.cms|title=A song on Rome|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 September 2002|first=G. S.|last=Kumar}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Paris Pranaya
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Stephen Prayog
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2003|03|25}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=36|s=11}}
| label = Akash Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Karka Kasadara]]
| next_year = 2005
}}
The music of the film was composed by Stephen Prayog.<ref>[http://kannadasongmp3.blogspot.in/2011/04/paris-pranaya-2003.html Songs]</ref> The soundtrack focused mainly on the fusion music of Indian and western styles. Popular Bollywood playback singers [[Sonu Nigam]] and [[Shreya Ghoshal]] rendered their voices for the songs, with Ghoshal making her debut in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/120320/happy-birthday-shreya-ghoshal-messages-flood-singers-timeline.html|title=Happy Birthday Shreya Ghoshal messages flood singer's timeline|date=12 March 2020|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|first=Nikita|last=Venkatesh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312103911/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/music/120320/happy-birthday-shreya-ghoshal-messages-flood-singers-timeline.html|archive-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The soundtrack included a pure Kannada light music song "Yede Thumbi Haadidenu" composed by [[Mysore Ananthaswamy]] and written by acclaimed poet [[G. S. Shivarudrappa]]. On the other side, it had the musical bits played by the giants of [[Western Classical Music]] such as [[Beethoven]] and [[Mozart]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Fusion-music-for-Paris-Pranaya/articleshow/19900523.cms|title=Fusion music for Paris Pranaya|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 August 2002|first=G. S.|last=Kumar}}</ref> The track "[[Krishna Ni Begane Baaro|Krishna Nee Begane Baaro]]" is an adaptation of the renowned classical song of the same name, originally composed and written by saint [[Vyasatirtha]] in the raga [[Kalyani (raga)|Yamuna Kalyani]].

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = ''Paris Pranaya'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 36:11
| all_music = Stephen Prayog
| title1 = One Foot Distance
| lyrics1 = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
| extra1 = [[Suresh Peters]], [[Jaspinder Narula]]
| length1 = 5:05
| title2 = Dhig Dhig Digantadache
| lyrics2 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra2 = [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
| length2 = 6:40
| title3 = Yede Thumbi Hadidenu
| lyrics3 = [[G. S. Shivarudrappa]]
| extra3 = [[Nanditha]]
| length3 = 5:16
| title4 = Krishna Nee Begane Baaro
| lyrics4 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra4 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]] Sonu Nigam
| length4 = 5:47
| title5 = Aa Biliyara Deshada
| lyrics5 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra5 = [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
| length5 = 3:45
| title6 = Appanaane
| lyrics6 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra6 = [[Nanditha]], [[Hemanth Kumar]]
| length6 = 3:54
| title7 = Rome Rome
| lyrics7 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| extra7 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Sonu Nigam]]
| length7 = 5:44
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film released on 18 April 2003 alongside ''[[Kutumba]]'' (2003).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/date-issues-of-a-different-kind/articleshow/2619642.cms|title=Date issues of a different kind|first=Tejaswini|last=Tirta|date=14 December 2007|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''[[Viggy.com]]'' wrote, "Nagathihalli excels once again in Paris Pranaya through sharp dialogs, sober comedy apart from introducing two new talents to Kannada film industry in the form of Raghu Mukherjee and Minal Patil".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_paris_pranaya.asp |title=Paris Pranaya film review|work=Viggy|access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> [[Chitraloka.com]] wrote that ''Paris Pranaya'' "is a panoramic view of Europe besides being palatable, paradigm, pragmatic and praiseworthy. All because of the passionate and diligent director Nagathihalli Chandrasekhar and his team".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2826-paris-pranaya-review.html|title=Paris Pranaya Movie Review|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115904/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2826-paris-pranaya-review.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite releasing to positive reviews, the film was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/popular-places-inspire-sandalwood-film-titles/articleshow/25681615.cms|title=Popular places inspire Sandalwood film titles|date=13 November 2013|first=Vinay|last=Lokesh|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] - Stephen Prayog<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/music-directing/articleshow/93862271.cms|title=Music & directing|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=30 August 2022|first=Y. Maheswara|last=Reddy}}</ref>
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] - [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] - [[Nanditha]] for "Ede Tumbi Hadidenu"

* [[Filmfare Awards South]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/51st-annual-manikchand-filmfare-award-winners/articleshow/718496.cms|title=51st Annual Manikchand Filmfare Award winners|date=4 June 2004|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
# [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Kannada|Best Film]] - Tumkur Dayanand

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paris Pranaya}}
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2003 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Spain]]
[[Category:Films set in Paris]]
[[Category:Films shot in Paris]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rome]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Nadira Sultan

2026-04-20T05:27:03Z

TammieNeedham: added article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nadira Sultan
| image = MLA Nadira Sultan - 2025.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|11|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sahawar]] ([[Kasganj district]])
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]]
| term_start = 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Mamtesh Shakya]]
| successor =
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| spouse = Dr Abdul Hafeez Khan
| children = Abdul Saleem Khan (Son) Tooba Khan (Daughter)
| profession = Politician, [[Farmer]]
| parents = [[Mushir Ahmad Khan]] (Father) Saad Fatima Khan (Mother)
| relations = [[Azam Khan (politician)|Mohammad Azam Khan]] (Uncle in Law) Mohammad Zamir Khan (Uncle) Ahmad Loot Khan (Maternal Uncle)
| constituency = [[Patiyali (Assembly constituency)|Patiyali]]
}}
'''Nadira Sultan''' is an Indian politician. She was elected to [[Patiyali (Assembly constituency)|Patiyali]] in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the Samajwadi Party.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh/results | title=Uttar Pradesh Election Results 2022 | publisher=NDTV | access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/all-winners/ | title=ALL WINNERS LIST UTTAR PRADESH ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 2022 | publisher=News18 | access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://maharashtrapradesh.com/samajwadi-party-declared-nadira-sultan-as-candidate-from-patiali-assembly-in-kasganj/#google_vignette| title=Article on Family Detail 1| work=Maharashtra Pradesh| date=28 January 2022| publisher=MH Pradesh| access-date=28 January 2022| archive-date=29 January 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129030938/https://maharashtrapradesh.com/samajwadi-party-declared-nadira-sultan-as-candidate-from-patiali-assembly-in-kasganj/#google_vignette| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://groundreport.in/who-is-the-nadira-sultan-sp-candidate-from-patiyali/ | title=Report on History | publisher=Ground Report | access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://myneta.info/Uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=1929 | title=Know my Neta| publisher=National Election Watch | access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/lok-sabha-elections-2019-nadira-sultan-join-samajwadi-party-after-left-congress | title=Joining Date | publisher=Amar Ujala | access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nadira Sultan was born in Sahawar Town on 11 November and is daughter of politician and freedom fighter Late Mushir Ahmad Khan and Late Saad Fatima Khan. Her father was twice MP from Etha and Kasganj. Her uncle Late Mohammad Zamir Khan was MLA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/patiyali.html|title=Patiyali (Uttar Pradesh) Election Results 2022|website=www.elections.in|date=May 2025}}</ref> and her maternal uncle Late Ahmed Loot Khan<ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Ahmad Loot Khan, Aligarh Assembly Elections 1969 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/1969/aligarh/ahmad-loot-khan/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> was Minister in Uttar Pradesh. She was married to Dr Abdul Hafeez Khan from Rampur whose uncle is ex Minister Mohammad Azam Khan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/kasganj/news/nadira-sultan-daughter-in-law-of-azam-khans-nephew-won-from-patiali-previously-all-three-seats-were-occupied-by-sp-129492836.html|title=कासगंज में भाजपा ने जीती दो सीटें:पटियाली से जीती आजम खान के भांजे की बहू नादिरा सुल्तान जीती, पहले तीनों सीटों पर था भाजपा का कब्जा|trans-title=Nadira Sultan, Daughter in law Of Azam Khan's Nephew, Won From Patiali, Previously All Three Seats Were Occupied By SP|language=hi|publisher=www.bhaskar.com|date=May 2025}}</ref>

==Political career==
In the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], Nadira Sultan represented [[Samajwadi Party]] as a candidate from Patiyali and went on to defeat three times sitting MLA of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s Mamtesh Shakya.
On 27 December 2022, she was awarded the membership of "Joint Committee for Women and Child Development" in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/nadira-sultan-became-a-member-of-women-and-child-development-committee-kasganj-news-agr5567761163|title=नादिरा सुल्तान बनीं महिला एवं बाल विकास समिति की सदस्य|language=hi|publisher=www.amarujala.com}}</ref> She was awarded membership of "Joint Committee for Women and Child Development" in Uttar Pradesh for the second time for the year 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/getImageHandler.ashx?ID=306&con=4|website=uplegisassembly.gov.in (page 8 - section 9 - list number 11)}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultan, Nadira}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Kasganj district]]

Naveen Kishore

2026-04-19T18:21:42Z

TammieNeedham: added new entry - done

{{Short description|Indian writer and theatre practitioner}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
'''Naveen Kishore''' is an Indian writer and [[theatre practitioner]]. In 1982 he founded [[Seagull Books]] publication in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=2023-07-13 |title='I was interested in the why and how of Seagull Books': Pushan Kripalani |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/documentary-of-the-book-and-other-stories-pushan-kripalani-naveen-kishore-seagull-books/article67070314.ece |access-date=2023-10-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

{{Infobox writer
| name = Naveen Kishor
| occupation = Writer, [[theatre practitioner]]
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|01|17}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| awards = [[Goethe Medal]]
| native_name = নবীন কিশোর
}}

== Early life ==
Kishore, born in Kolkata on 17 January 1953,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saffronart |title=Naveen Kishore – London 32 |url=https://www.storyltd.com/ItemV2.aspx?iid=40350 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.storyltd.com |language=en}}</ref> earned a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature in 1973 before starting his career as a [[Stage lighting|theater lighting designer]]. In 1982, he established Seagull Books an [[Small press|independent publisher]] of world literature for publishing program centered on drama, film, art, It is also renowned for publishing Indian film scripts by director [[Satyajit Ray]] and [[Mrinal Sen]], and plays by Indian playwrights in translations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verse Affairs: 'Slam Shut the Door on Fingers Made Numb' |url=https://thewire.in/culture/verse-affairs-slam-shut-the-door-on-fingers-made-numb |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=The Wire}}</ref> Naveen began in theater as an assistant props person for Red Curtain's production "[[Wait Until Dark]]". He later worked in advertising and organising concerts with artists like [[Begum Akhtar]] and [[Birju Maharaj]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Seagull at 40 is about affirming the word: Naveen Kishore |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/seagull-at-40-is-about-affirming-the-word-naveen-kishore/cid/1834964 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Kishore has received several accolades, including:

* [[Goethe Medal]] in 2013.<ref name=":0" />
* [[Words Without Borders|Words Without Borders Ottoway Award]] for promoting international literature in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walch |first=Louis |date=2021-09-08 |title=Naveen Kishore, Renowned Publisher of Seagull Books, to Receive 2021 Ottaway Award |url=https://wordswithoutborders.org/read/article/2021-09/naveen-kishore-to-receive-2021-ottaway-award/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Words Without Borders |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-10 |title='In a globalised world, we should be allowed to publish what we want regardless of where we are situated': Ottaway Award 2021 winner Naveen Kishore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/naveen-kishore-ottaway-award-2021-winner-seagull-books-quilombola-7500774/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

<references />
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishore, Naveen}}
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian theatre people]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Tanda Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:36Z

TammieNeedham: New new post!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tanda
| map_image = 278-Tanda.svg
| mla = [[Ram Murti Verma]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ambedkar Nagar]]
| electors = 3,29,754
| constituency_no = 278
}}

'''Tanda''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the town of Tanda in the [[Ambedkar Nagar district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Ambedkar Nagar Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 278 amongst 403 constituencies.

As of March 2022, this seat belongs to [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Ram Murti Verma]] who won in last Assembly election of [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[BJP]] candidate [[Kapil Deo Verma]] by a margin of 31,491 votes.<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24278.htm?ac=278|title=Assembly result 2022|website=Elections.in|access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=TandaElection and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/tanda.html |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Ram Sumer
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="6" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|Mohammad Nasir
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Jai Ram Varma]]
|-
|Sukh Ram
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|[[Jai Ram Varma]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Ram Chandra Azad
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
|1970^
|[[Jai Ram Varma]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Nisar Ahmad Ansari
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Abdul Hafeez
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Gopi Nath Verma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}" |
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[Jai Ram Varma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|1988^
| rowspan="2" |Gopi Nath Verma
| style="background-color: {{party color|Lokdal}}" |
|[[Lokdal]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Lalji Verma]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|[[Masood Ahmad]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Lalji Verma]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Azimulhaq Pahalwan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Sanju Devi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Ram Murti Verma]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Tanda<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ram Murti Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:95263}}
|percentage = 43.49
|change = {{increase}}7.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kapil Deo
|votes = {{formatnum:63166}}
|percentage = 28.84
|change = {{decrease}}7.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shabana Khatoon
|votes = {{formatnum:45222}}
|percentage = 20.64
|change = {{decrease}}3.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Irfan Ahmad
|votes = {{formatnum:7442}}
|percentage = 3.4
|change = {{increase}}2.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1211}}
|percentage = 0.55
|change = {{decrease}}0.2
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:32097}}
|percentage = 14.65
|change = {{increase}}13.81
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:219050}}
|percentage = 66.43
|change = {{decrease}}1.0
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
<ref name="election2018-1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/tanda.html|title=Tanda Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|website=elections.in|access-date=20 July 2019}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Tand<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sanju Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:74768}}
|percentage = 36.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Azeemul Haq Pahalwan
|votes = {{formatnum:73043}}
|percentage = 35.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Manoj Kumar Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:49526}}
|percentage = 24.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Irfan Pathan
|votes = {{formatnum:2070}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1530}}
|percentage = 0.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1725}}
|percentage = 0.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:205700}}
|percentage = 67.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Summary ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
![[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Constituency Name]]
!Winner
!Party
!Votes
!Runner up
!Party
!Votes
!Margin
|-
|2022
|Tanda
|Ram Murti Verma
|SP
|94442
|Kapil Deo Verma
|BJP
|62951
|31491
|-
|2017
|Tanda
|Sanju Devi
|BJP
|74768
|Azimulhaque Paglwan
|SP
|73043
|1725
|-
|2012
|Tanda
|[[Azimulhaq Pahalwan|Azimulhaque Pahlwan]]
|SP
|83249
|Ajay Kumar Alias Vishal Verma
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|55728
|27521
|-
|2007
|Tanda
|[[Lalji Verma|Lal Ji Verma]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|65365
|[[Azimulhaq Pahalwan|Azimul Huqe Pahalwan]]
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|62910
|2455
|-
|2002
|Tanda
|[[Lalji Verma|Laljee Verma]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|67376
|[[Azimulhaq Pahalwan|Azeemul Haq Pahalwan]]
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|56887
|10489
|-
|1996
|Tanda
|[[Lalji Verma]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|55960
|Jamirul Hasan Ansari
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|54302
|1658
|-
|1993
|Tanda
|[[Dr. Masood Ahmad]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|61374
|Keshav Ram Verma
|BJP
|40202
|21172
|-
|1991
|Tanda
|[[Lalji Verma|Lal Ji Verma]]
|JD
|40614
|Sheo Pujan Verma
|BJP
|26983
|13631
|-
|1989
|Tanda
|Gopi Nath Verma
|JD
|42308
|Ram Abhilakh
|INC
|29782
|12526
|-
|1988
|Tanda
|G.Nath
|LKD
|40783
|M.A.Kidwai
|INC
|34988
|5795
|-
|1985
|Tanda
|Jai Ram Verma
|INC
|26271
|Gopi Nath Verma
|LKD
|21156
|5115
|-
|1980
|Tanda
|Gopi Nath Verma
|JNP(SC)
|25734
|Nisar Ahmad Ansari
|INC(I)
|25682
|52
|-
|1977
|Tanda
|Abdul Hafeez
|JNP
|29000
|Jai Ram Verma
|INC
|25350
|3650
|-
|1974
|Tanda
|[[Nisar Ahmad Ansari]]
|INC
|34153
|Ram Chandra Azad
|BKD
|25941
|8212
|-
|1970
|Tanda
|J.R.Verma
|BKD
|33114
|R.N.Tripathi
|IND
|17532
|15582
|-
|1969
|Tanda
|Ram Chandra Azad
|BKD
|22995
|Mukhtar Ammad
|INC
|21312
|1683
|-
|1967
|Tanda
|R. C. Azad
|INC
|27121
|S. Singh
|BJS
|14809
|12312
|-
|1962
|Tanda
|Jai Ram Varma
|INC
|27779
|Satya Narain
|IND
|17798
|9981
|-
|1957
|Tanda
|Sukh Ram
|INC
|30296
|Badal Ram
|IND
|21029
|9267
|-
|1957
|Tanda
|Jai Ram Varma
|INC
|39685
|Jeet Bahadur Singh
|PSP
|21077
|18608
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|26.55|82.66|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ambedkar Nagar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Marhaura Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:29:21Z

TammieNeedham: added stub - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Marhaura
|type= SLA
| map_image = 117-Marhaura constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Jitendra Kumar Rai]] 
|party = {{party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} 
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Saran district|Saran]]
|division =
| loksabha_cons =
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|-]]
|established = 1951
| electors = 271,541
|abolished = 
}}
'''Marhaura''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Saran district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 117 Marhaura Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Marhaura and Nagra [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]].<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Marhaura Assembly constituency is part of No. 20 [[Saran (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/> It was earlier part of [[Chapra (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020">{{cite web |title=Marhaura Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/marhaura.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Ram Swarup Devi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|1952^
|[[Janardan Prasad Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Devi Laljee]]
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Suraj Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Devi Laljee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhishma Prasad Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Surya Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhishma Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Surendra Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Yaduvanshi Rai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Lal Babu Rai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Jitendra Kumar Ray]]
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Marhaura<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Jitendra Kumar Ray]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:86118}}
|percentage = 47.97
|change = +8.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Naveen Kumar Singh
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:58190}}
|percentage = 32.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ankit Kumar
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:17310}}
|percentage = 9.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sandev Kumar Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:3483}}
|percentage = 1.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party
|candidate = Lalu Prasad Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:2820}}
|percentage = 1.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Sab Janshakti Party
|candidate = Purushottam Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2338}}
|percentage = 1.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4809}}
|percentage = 2.68
|change = +1.67
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:27928}}
|percentage = 15.55
|change = +8.04
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:179508}}
|percentage = 66.11
|change = +9.5
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Marhaura<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Jitendra Kumar Ray]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:59812}}
|percentage = 39.44
|change = -8.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Altaf Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:48427}}
|percentage = 31.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Vinay Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:6550}}
|percentage = 4.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Lal Babu Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:6323}}
|percentage = 4.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nagendra Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:4445}}
|percentage = 2.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Pankaj Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:3512}}
|percentage = 2.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Chandeshwar Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:3329}}
|percentage = 2.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Anand Kumar Rai
|votes = {{formatnum:3108}}
|percentage = 2.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ashwani Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2638}}
|percentage = 1.74
|change = -1.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Prabhat Kumar Giri
|votes = {{formatnum:1731}}
|percentage = 1.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1525}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change = -1.88
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11385}}
|percentage = 7.51
|change = -4.42
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:151664}}
|percentage = 56.61
|change = -0.44
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Marhaura<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Jeetendra Kumar Rai
|votes = {{formatnum:66714}}
|percentage = 47.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Lal Babu Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:49996}}
|percentage = 35.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Israr Ahmad Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:7260}}
|percentage = 5.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jai Ram Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:4505}}
|percentage = 3.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Lalu Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:2584}}
|percentage = 1.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nazre Hassan
|votes = {{formatnum:1993}}
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Baleshwar Prasad Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:1278}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4047}}
|percentage = 2.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:16718}}
|percentage = 11.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:140120}}
|percentage = 57.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Saran Division topics}}
{{coord|25|58|22|N|84|51|39|E|region:IN-BR|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Saran district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Kill Dill

2026-04-08T11:15:29Z

TammieNeedham: New

{{Short description|2025 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kill Dill – The Heartbreak Club.jpg
| caption = Promotional release poster
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Romance film|Romance]]
* [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
}}
| based_on = [[Novoneel Chakraborty|The Heartbreak Club: One Girl Vs One Twisted Legacy]] (2024)
| writer =
| director = {{ubl|Glen Barretto|Ankush Mohla}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Prit Kamani]]
* [[Anushka Sen]]
}}
| music = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 
| num_episodes = 10 
| producer = Deepak Dhar
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 25–38 mins
| company = [[Endemol India]]
| network = [[Amazon miniTV|Amazon]] [[MX Player]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|3|28|df=yes}}
| last_aired = 
| related =
}}

'''''Kill Dill – The Heartbreak Club''''' ({{Translation|Kill Heart}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romance]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series that premiered on 28 March 2025 on [[Amazon miniTV|Amazon]] [[MX Player]]. Produced under [[Endemol India]], it stars [[Prit Kamani]] and [[Anushka Sen]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Raina | first=Aarushi | title=Watch Anushka Sen And Pritt Kamani's Romantic Thriller Web Series Kill Dill Online On THIS Date And Platform | url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/watch-anushka-sen-and-pritt-kamanis-romantic-thriller-web-series-kill-dill-online-on-this-date-and-platform-10226268 | website=English Jagran | date=26 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Kill Dill: Netizens Praises Anushka Sens Mystry Thriller, Says Cant Wait To Watch This Masterpiece | url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/kill-dill-netizens-praises-anushka-sens-mystry-thriller-says-cant-wait-to-watch-this-masterpiece-2878653.html | website=Zee News | date=28 March 2025}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Prit Kamani]] as Tavish
* [[Anushka Sen]] as Kisha
* [[Priyamvada Kant]] as Anara
* [[Sonyaa Ayoddhya]] as Vedika
* Chetan Dhawan
* Sonya Saamoor
* Nihal Shaikh
* Siffat Gandhi
* Kiara Khantwal
* [[Aashish Kaul]]
* [[Barsha Chatterjee]]
* Aditya Raghuvanshi
* Aditii Saraf

== Production ==
The series was announced on [[Endemol Shine Group|Endemol Shine India]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Here's a sneak peek at some of the new shows coming to Amazon MX Player in 2025 | url=https://mediabrief.com/new-shows-coming-to-amazon-mx-player-in-2025/ | website=MediaBrief | date=31 January 2025}}</ref> It is based on [[Novoneel Chakraborty]]'s ''The Heartbreak Club: One Girl Vs One Twisted Legacy'' (2024).<ref>{{cite web | last=Santra | first=Anwesha | title=The essence of drama often lies in exploring ambiguity: Novoneel Chakraborty | url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/8thday/the-essence-of-drama-often-lies-in-exploring-ambiguity-novoneel-chakraborty-1503288334.html | website=The Statesman | date=8 April 2024 }}</ref> The trailer of the series was released on 25 March 2025.<ref>{{cite web | title=Anushka Sen goes embarks on pursuit to find her missing sister in 'Kill Dill' trailer | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anushka-sen-goes-embarks-on-pursuit-to-find-her-missing-sister-in-kill-dill-trailer/articleshow/119534759.cms | website=The Times of India | date=26 March 2025}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kill Dill
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|03|29}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = {{duration|m=06|s=16}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = Amazon MX Player
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|p=OLAK5uy_nOlxg-ALELEes8o1NrWKmVj_iQ7LnvLPA|"Meri Zindagi"}}
| audio2 = {{YouTube|p=OLAK5uy_kfcZXaYnens3rWmq2w1CuxirU61ok0--U|"Adhoorey"}}
}}
}}
The music for ''Kill Dill'' is composed by [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Shaan talks composing songs for first time for OTT show Kill Dil: "I'm excited to get the youths' reaction to the music" : Bollywood News | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shaan-talks-composing-songs-first-time-ott-show-kill-dil-im-excited-get-youths-reaction-music/ | website=Bollywood Hungama | date=28 March 2025}}</ref>

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| all_lyrics = Kunwar Juneja
| total_length = 12:32
| title1 = Adhoorey
| extra1 = Shaan, Arpita Chakravarty
| length1 = 3:06
| title2 = Adhoorey
| extra2 = Prit Kamani, Anushka Sen
| note2 = Cast Version
| length2 = 3:06
| title3 = Meri Zindagi
| extra3 = Shaan
| length3 = 3:10
| title4 = Meri Zindagi
| extra4 = Prit Kamani
| length4 = 3:10
| note4 = Cast Version
}}

== Release ==
The series was made available to stream on [[Amazon miniTV|Amazon]] [[MX Player]] on 28 March 2025.<ref>{{cite web | title=Kill Dill OTT Release: When and where to watch Anushka Sen's romantic thriller | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/kill-dill-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-anushka-sens-romantic-thriller-2699531-2025-03-26 | website=India Today | date=26 March 2025}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the series two-and-a-half out of five stars.<ref>{{cite web | last=Khurana | first=Archika | title=The Heartbreak Club Season 1 Review: Anushka Sen and Prit Kamani shine in this twisted thriller that stumbles along the way | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/kill-dill-the-heartbreak-club/kill-dill-the-heartbreak-club-season-1/seasonreview/119659213.cms | website=The Times of India | date=29 March 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=35671670}}
* [https://www.primevideo.com/detail/0FIBCIISW4ZG56BA7627UTG5L5 ''Kill Dill – The Heartbreak Club''] on [[Amazon Prime Video]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]

HITEC City railway station

2026-04-07T06:03:44Z

TammieNeedham: Place.

{{short description|Railway station in Telangana, India}}
{{Distinguish|HITEC City metro station}}

{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2019}}
{{third-party|date=January 2019}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = HITEC City
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Hyderabad MMTS]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Hi-Tech City railway station 6.jpg
| caption = HITEC City railway station
| address = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|17.360|78.492|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| structure = Standard on ground
| platform = 2
| accessible = {{access icon|20px}} Available
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = HTCY
| zone = [[South Central Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Hyderabad}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Central Railways]]
| status = Functional
| electrified = Yes
}}
'''HITEC City railway station''' is a third grade suburban (SG–3) category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Secunderabad railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]].<ref name="railway_station">{{cite web |title=List of Zone/Category wise Railway station opened for Passenger services in Indian Railway (As on 01.12.2022) |url=https://indianrailwaysresult.in/Railway_station_zone-category_wise_list.pdf |website=Indian Railways Result |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=15 April 2025 |page=97 |format=PDF}}</ref> It is located in [[Hyderabad]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Telangana]].<ref name="railway_station" /> It was selected as one of the 21 stations to be developed under ''Amrit Bharat Stations'' scheme.<ref>{{cite news |title=21 railway stations in Telangana to be developed with Rs 894 crore |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/telangana/2023/Aug/02/21-railway-stations-in-telanganato-be-developed-with-rs-894-crore-2601015.html |access-date=15 April 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |date=2 August 2023 |location=Hyderabad |language=en}}</ref>

A modern railway terminal is proposed to be constructed near HITEC City railway station to facilitate passengers in the western parts of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mountrose.in/hyd_transport.php|title=mountrose.in/hyd_transport.php|access-date=22 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162952/http://mountrose.in/hyd_transport.php|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are also proposals to build a fourth railway terminal<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/21/stories/2006062121130300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506042208/http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/21/stories/2006062121130300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 May 2011|title=www.hindu.com/2006/06/21/stories/2006062121130300.htm | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 June 2006}}</ref> to handle the excess inter-city [[railway]] [[transportation]] in the city due to an increase in rail traffic.

Meanwhile, in order to ease the boarding long distant trains by the surrounding public, the railways decided to provide halt for long distant running trains here. In that regard an infrastructure upliftment was carried out by [[South Central Railway|SCR]]. As of August 2021, the existing two platforms were extended to handle the 24 coaches trains at a cost of close to 2 crore [[rupee]]s. Parking areas on both sides were improved and two lifts were installed at a cost of 70 lakh rupees.

== Transport ==
There are shared [[Auto rikshaw|Autos]] which ply to important destinations of IT parks. [[TSRTC]] operates buses to various destinations from HITEC city.

==Lines==
*[[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System]]
**[[Falaknuma]]– [[Lingampally, Hyderabad|Lingampally]] route (FL Line)
** [[Hyderabad]]-[[Lingampally, Hyderabad|Lingampally]] route

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080523155101/http://www.scrailway.gov.in/mmts/mmtstable.php MMTS timings] as per [[South Central Railway]]

{{FL Route (MMTS)}}
{{HL Route (MMTS)}}
{{MMTS Stations}}

{{Coord|17.4696|78.3852|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:MMTS stations in Hyderabad]]

{{Telangana-railstation-stub}}

Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves

2026-03-28T23:52:58Z

TammieNeedham: New new details

{{Short description|Ancient caves in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Udayagiri Caves]] in [[Vidisha district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]}}
{{cleanup lang|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox Cave
| name = Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
| photo = Khandagari and Udaygiri featured image.jpg
| photo_caption = Udayagiri caves
| location = 3 km south of Bhubaneswar in [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| other_name = Kattaka Caves
| depth =
| length =
| survey =
| map=India#Orissa
| relief=yes
| survey_format =
| discovery =
| geology =
| entrance_count =
| entrance_list =
| difficulty =
| hazards =
| access =
| translation =
| language =
| pronunciation =
| coords = {{Coord|20.2628312|N|85.7860297|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

{{Jainism}}
'''Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves''', formerly called '''Kattaka Gumpha''' or '''Cuttack caves''', are partly natural and partly artificial caves of archaeological, historical and religious importance 3 km south of the city of [[Bhubaneswar]] in [[Odisha]], [[India]]. The caves are situated on two adjacent hills, Udayagiri and Khandagiri mentioned as ''Kumari Parvata'' in the [[Hathigumpha inscription]].{{sfn|Shah|1995|p=30}} They have a number of finely and ornately carved caves built during the 1st century BCE.{{sfn|Michell|1990|pp=238-240}}<ref name=ASI>{{Cite web|title=Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, Bhubaneswar, Khurda, Odisha |website="Must See" Indian Heritage |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |url=http://asimustsee.nic.in/udayagiri.php}}</ref> It is believed that most of these caves were carved out as residential blocks for [[Jainism|Jain]] monks during the reign of King [[Kharavela]].{{Sfn|Krishan|Tadikonda|1996|p=23}} Udayagiri means "Sunrise Hill" and has 18 caves while Khandagiri has 15 caves.{{Sfn|Pandya|2014|p=6}}

The caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri, called ''lena'' or ''leṇa'' in the [[Indian inscriptions|inscriptions]], were taken out mostly during the reign of [[Kharavela]] for the abode of Jain ascetics. The most importance of this group was Ranigumpha in Udayagiri which is a double storeyed monastery. Other important caves include Hathi Gumpha, Ananta Gumpha, Ganesha Gumpha, Jaya Vijaya Gumpha, Mancapuri Gumpha, Bagha/Byaghra/Vyaghra Gumpha and Sarpa Gumpha.{{Sfn|Kapoor|2002|p=375}}

The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) has listed that Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves be in the list of "Must See" Indian Heritage.<ref name=ASI/>

The Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves are listed as one of the ''Adarsh Smarak Monument'' by ASI.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://asi.nic.in/adarsh-smarak/ | title=Adarsh Smarak Monument | publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] | access-date=2 May 2022 }}</ref>

==Count of the caves==
B. M. Barua, based on a reading of line 14 of the [[Hathigumpha inscription|Hathi Gumpha inscription]], declared that a total of 117 caves were excavated by Kharavela and others on the Kumari hill (Udayagiri). Marshall has counted more than 35 caves in both the hills, while M.M. Ganguli has enumerated only 27 caves.{{sfn|Rath|2007}}

The number of existing caves at [[Udayagiri, Orissa|Udayagiri]] is 18, while [[Khandagiri]] has 15.<ref>From the Archaeological Survey of India.{{full citation needed|date=May 2021}}</ref> The local names of the existing caves are listed below, numbered according to the enumeration of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].

==The famous caves==
[[File:Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.jpg|thumb|Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.]]
In [[Udayagiri, Orissa|Udayagiri]], Hathi Gumpha (cave 14) and Ganesha Gumpha (cave 10) are especially well known for their historically important sculptures and reliefs. Raninka Na'ara (Queen's Palace Cave, Cave 1) is also an extensively carved cave and elaborately embellished with sculptural friezes.{{Sfn|Kapoor|2002|p=375}} [[Khandagiri]] offers a fine view back over Bhubaneswar from its summit. The Ananta Cave (Cave 3) depicts carved figures of women, elephants, athletes, and geese carrying flowers.{{Sfn|Singh et al.|2015|p={{page needed|date=May 2021}}}}

==Udayagiri caves==
The Udayagiri hills are on the right-hand side as the visitor approaches from Bhubaneswar. Compared to Khandagiri, Udayagiri offers more beautiful and better maintained cave shrines. There are 18 caves in Udayagiri:<ref name="ignca.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://ignca.nic.in/img_0002_as_or_khurda.htm |title=Inside Bhubaneswar |website=Archaeological Sites of Orissa |access-date=2011-09-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628181730/http://ignca.nic.in/img_0002_as_or_khurda.htm |archive-date=28 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

;1. Rani Gumpha "Cave of the Queen"
Rani Gumpha is the largest and most popular cave among the caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=65}} The word ''Rani'' means "queen".{{Sfn|Merriam-Webster|Rani}} Although it is not an architectural marvel, it has some ancient beautiful sculptures.

This cave is double storeyed. Each storey has three wings and the central wing is bigger among all the three wings. The lower floor has seven entrances in the middle wing whereas the upper floor has nine columns. The upper portion of the central wing has relief images depicting the victory march of a king. Many of the cells have carved ''dwara pala'' images;{{Sfn|Bemmel|1994|p=47}} some of them are disfigured. The area that connects the central wing with right and left wings have some panels where the sculptures of wild animals, fruit-laden trees, human figures, women playing musical instruments, monkeys and playful elephants are found. The pilasters contain the [[torana]] (arches) decorated with sculptures of Jain religious importance and royal scenes.{{Sfn|Jāvīd|Javeed|2008|pp=36–37}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
|state = collapsed align=center colspan=2 style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"| '''Cave No.1 "Rani Gumpha" (Cave of the Queen)'''
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|General view
File:Diagram section of Rani Gumpha.png|Diagram section of Rani Gumpha
File:Rani Gumpha plans both storeys.png|Plans of both floors of Rani Gumpha
</gallery>
|-
|state = collapsed align=center colspan=2 style="background:#DCDCDC; font-size: 100%;"| '''Ground floor'''
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
Rani Gumpha ground floor.jpg|Rani Gumpha ground floor.
</gallery>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
KU4.jpg|Left aisle relief
Udayagiri Jain Caves ei2-71.jpg|Left aisle relief (detail)
File:Udaygiri & Khandagiri Caves, Bhubaneswar (23) - Oct 2010.jpg|[[Apsara]] making an offering
Doorway arrangement Udayagiri.jpg|Doorway arrangement
Indian warrior detail Udayagiri.jpg|Indian warrior detail
File:Udaygiri & Khandagiri Caves, Bhubaneswar (19) - Oct 2010.jpg|Right corner relief
</gallery>
|-
|state = collapsed align=center colspan=2 style="background:#DCDCDC; font-size: 100%;"| '''Second floor'''
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
Rani Gumpha first floor.jpg|Panorama of the first floor
</gallery>
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 05.jpg|Corridor
Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 03.jpg|Right corner with [[Yavana]] warrior
Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 07.jpg|Pillar relief with elephants
File:KU6.jpg|Pillar relief: battle scene
File:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 06.jpg|Pillar relief: hunting scene
File:Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves 2024 53.jpg|Pillar relief: war scene
File:Yavana warrior, Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves.jpg|[[Yavana]] warrior.<ref>{{harvnb|Gupta|2008|p=85}}. "The taut posture and location at the entrance of the cave (Rani Gumpha) suggest that the male figure is a guard or [[dvarapala]]. The aggressive stance of the figure and its western dress (short kilt and boots) indicates that the sculpture may be that of a [[Yavana]], foreigner from the Graeco-Roman world."</ref>
</gallery>
|}

;2. Bajaghara Gumpha
Bajaghara Gumpha is very simple and small. It has a stone bed and pillow and it was used as the Jain monks' shelter in ancient times. Apart from the plain rectangular-shaped pillars, there is no other sculpture in this cave.

;3. Chota Hathi Gumpha
Chota Hathi Gumpha is small in size. It has six small elephant figures in the facade and a statue of a guardian.{{Sfn|Jāvīd|Javeed|2008|p=37}}

;4. Alakapuri Gumpha
Alakapuri Gumpha has a relief sculpture of a lion holding its prey in its mouth. The cave has pillars with winged human figures (divine beings). It is double storeyed.

;5. Jaya Vijaya Gumpha
[[File:Katak Jaya Vijaya Tree worship.jpg|thumb|A tree-worship relief from the Jaya Vijaya cave.]]
Jaya Vijaya Gumpha is double storeyed. The cave has a carving of a female wearing heavy earrings, bands, beautifully decorated hair. On one hand of the carving is a parrot and the other is resting on her waist.{{Sfn|Jāvīd|Javeed|2008|p=37}}

;6. Panasa Gumpha
Panasa Gumpha is a very small and simple cave without any significant features.

;7. Thakurani Gumpha
Thakurani Gumpha is double storeyed but is very simple in style. It has a few tiny relief sculptures.

;8. Patalapuri Gumpha
Patalapuri Gumpha is slightly bigger with a pillared verandah.

;9. Mancapuri and Swargapuri Gumpha
[[File:Manchapuri cave relief.jpg|thumb|Manchapuri cave relief depicting the worship of Kalinga Jina]]
Mancapuri and Swargapuri Gumpha is double storeyed. Manchapuri cave depicts two male and two female figures worshipping the Kalinga Jina that Kharval brought back from Magadha.{{Sfn|Singh|2017|p=165}} It has a damaged Jain religious symbol which was probably used for worship.

There are three inscriptions: one inscription talks about the chief queen of Kharavela, and the other two refer to Kudepasiri, the successor of Kharavela and Badukha, the son or brother of Kudepasiri.

;10. Ganesha Gumpha
Ganesha Gumpha is one of the most important caves in Udayagiri. The cave is named for the carved figure of [[Ganesha]] on the back of its right cell. Of course, it would have been carved in the later period and it could not be the original work. The cave has two large statues of elephants carrying garlands at the entrance and is the first example of sculpture animals used as a guard to the entrance.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=65}} Also, the carved figures of ''dwara palas'' are found at the entrances. The carvings in this cave narrate the story of the elopement of Bassavadatta, Princess of Ujjayini, with King Udayana of Kausambi in the company of Vasantaka.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=65}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
|state = collapsed align=center colspan=2 style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"| '''Cave No.10 "Ganesha Gumpha" (Cave of Ganesha)'''
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:KU12.jpg|The Ganesha idol at the back of the cave
Udayagiri Caves - Ganesha Gumpha 04.jpg|Ganesha cave
Udayagiri Caves - Ganesha Gumpha 02.jpg|Elephant statue
Udayagiri Caves - Ganesha Gumpha 05.jpg|Warrior guardian
Udayagiri Caves - Ganesha Gumpha 06.jpg|Relief of a devotee
File:KU11.jpg|Relief in the veranda
</gallery>
|}

;11. Jambesvara Gumpha
Jambesvara Gumpha is a very simple and small cave with one column and two pilasters.{{Sfn|IGNCA|Jambesvara Gumpha}} The inscription tells that it is the cave of Nayaki, wife of Mahamade.

;12. Vyaghra Gumpha
[[File:CAVE LIKE SNAKE MOUTH.jpg|thumb|Tiger (Bagha/Byaghra Gumpha) (cave no-12), Udayagiri]]
Vyaghra Gumpha is one of the popular caves in Udayagiri. The cave, which is in ruins, has an entrance carved like a tiger's mouth, with the single-cell forming the tiger's throat.{{Sfn|Allen|1991|p=65}} It is one of the most photographed sites in Udayagiri. The word ''vyaghra'' means "tiger".{{Sfn|Wisdom Library|Vyaghradala}} The inscription found here tells that this cave belongs to the city judge Sabhuti.

;13. Sarpa Gumpha
Sarpa Gumpha is an unusually small cave containing two inscriptions. The word ''sarpa'' means "snake".

;14. Hati Gumpha
Hati Gumpha is a large natural cavern{{Sfn|Jāvīd|Javeed|2008|p=37}} with an inscription by Kharavela which is the main source of information about him.{{Sfn|Tarn|1980|p=166}}{{Sfn|Tarn|1980|p=457}} The cave is known as Hati Gumpha due to its exquisite carvings of elephant.{{Sfn|Cort|2010|p=39}} The word ''hati'' means "elephant".{{Sfn|Rätsch|Müller-Ebeling|2013|p=557}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan="2" cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
|state = collapsed align=center colspan=2 style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"| '''Cave No.14 "Hathi Gumpha" (Elephant Cave)'''
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
File:Udayagiri Caves - Hathi Gumpha.jpg|Hathi Gumpha (cave no-14), Udayagiri
Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves2.JPG|Hathi Gumpha
File:Script in Udaigiri.jpg|[[Hathigumpha inscription]]
File:Hatigumfa.jpg|Detail of Hathigumpha inscription
</gallery>
|}

;15. Dhanaghara Gumpha
Dhanaghara Gumpha is a small cave that has two wide pillars and dwara pala sculptures carved at the entrance.

;16. Haridasa Gumpha
Haridasa Gumpha is a small cave with three entrances and a verandah on the front side.{{Sfn|IGNCA|Haridasa Gumpha}} There is an inscription found here.

;17. Jagannatha Gumpha
Jagannatha Gumpha is a roughly cut cave with three entrances.

;18. Rasui Gumpha
Rasui Gumpha is an unusually very small cave.

== Inscriptions ==

=== Hathigumpha inscription ===
{{Main|Hathigumpha inscription}}
[[File:Script in Udaigiri.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Hathigumpha inscription in Udaigiri]]
The Hathigumpha inscription starts with a version of the auspicious [[Jain]] [[Namokar Mantra]] venerating [[Arihant (Jainism)|Arihant]] and Siddhas for in [[Jainism]].

The Hathigumpha cave ("Elephant Cave") has the [[Hathigumpha inscription]], written by Raja [[Kharavela]], the king of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] in [[India]], during the 2nd century BCE.{{Sfn|Krishan|Tadikonda|1996|p=23}} The Hathigumpha inscription consists of seventeen lines incised in deep cut [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]] letters on the overhanging brow of a natural cavern Hathigumpha in the south side of the Udayagiri hill. The inscription also refers to the Kharaval's feat of bringing back the status of ''Agra-Jina'' ({{translation|Rishabhanatha}}) which was taken by [[Nanda Empire]].{{sfn|Glasenapp|1925|p=44}}{{Sfn|Ray|2017|p=252}}{{Sfn|Dundas|2002|p=113}} It faces the rock [[edict]]s of [[Asoka]] at [[Dhauli]], situated about six miles away.{{Sfn|Patnaik|1989|p=10}}

===Other minor inscriptions===
{{Main|Minor Inscriptions of Kharavela}}
Besides Hathigumpha Inscription of [[Kharavela]], there are some other minor [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]] inscriptions in the twin hillocks of Udayagiri and Khandagiri, which were deciphered earlier by Prof RD Banergy during 1915–16 (Epigraphic Indica-XIII) and BM Baraua (Indian Historical Quarterly-XIV). Sadananda Agrawal has given further clarifications about them and is produced as under:<ref name="banerji">{{cite book |first=R.D. |last=Banerji |date=1916 |title=Epigraphia Indica |volume=XIII |pages=160–168}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

'''I- Mancapuri cave inscription''' (Upper storey)
This inscription refers to the construction of temple of ''arhats'' and excavation of cave for Jain monks by ''Aga-mahisi'', chief queen of Kharavela.{{Sfn|Ray|2017|p=252}} The inscription also mention Kharavela as [[chakravatin]] of Kalinga.{{Sfn|Singh|2017|p=157}}

'''II- Mancapuri cave inscription''' (Upper storey)-A
This inscription is incised on a raised bend between the 3rd and 4th doorways from the left and contains a single line. The text in [[Devanagari]] script is as under:

ऐरस महाराजस कलिंगाधिपतिना महामेघवाहनस कुदेपसिरिनो लेणं

Translation – This is the cave of [[Aira]] Mahameghavahana
Maharaja [[Kudepasiri]], the overlord of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]].

Note:- [[Kudepasiri]] seems to be the immediate successor of [[Kharavela]].

'''III-Manchapuri cave inscription''' (Lower storey)-B
This inscription has been engraved on the right wall of Veranda, to the right of the entrance to the right-hand side chamber of the main wing, consisting of one line. The text in [[Devanagari]] script is as under:

कुमारो वडुखस लेणं

Translation – [This is] the cave of Prince Vaḍukha.

Note:- On palaeographic ground Prof Banergy considers this inscription to be a little earlier than the inscription of King Kudepasiri. According to Sadananda Agrawal, Prince Badukha stands as an obscure figure in history, but Badukha seems to be the son or brother of Kudepasiri.

'''IV- Inscriptions in the Sarpagumpha''' (Over the doorway)

This inscription consisting of one line is incised over the doorway of the Sarpagumpha. The text in [[Devanagari]] script is as under:

चूलकमस कोठाजेया च

Translation – The chamber and veranda/or side chamber of cūlakama.
Note:- However Dr. Sahu interpreted Ajeya as being united by a ''Sandhi'' qualifying Koṭha thereby denoting invincible. But he ignored the conjunction ''ca ([[Devanagari]]: च)'' which follows ''Koṭha([[Devanagari]]:कोठा)'' and ''Jeya ([[Devanagari]]:जेया)''.

'''V- Inscription in the Sarpagumpha''' ( to the left of the doorway)
The text in [[Devanagari]] script is as under:

L.1- कंमस हलखि

L.2- णय च पसादो

Translation: [The pavilion is the] gift of Kamma and Halakhina.

Note:- Most probably Halakhiṇa was the wife of Kamma. ''Chūlakamma'' – found in the inscription No.IV and ''Kamma'' of this record indicates official designations rather than the proper names. ''Kamma'' may be taken as minister of works (''Karma saciva'') and ''Cūlakamma'' appears to be a junior cadre of a minister in the Department of works.

'''VI- Haridas cave inscription'''

This inscription contains one line that has been incised over one of the three entrances to the main chamber of the cave from the veranda. The text in [[Devanagari]] script is as under:

चूलकमस पसातो कोठाजेया च

Translation: The chamber and veranda (or side chamber) are the gifts of cūlakama.

'''VII- Vyāghragumphā inscription'''

The record is incised on the outer wall of the inner chamber. The text in [[Devanagari]] script is as under:

L.1- नगर अखंदस

L.2- स भूतिनो लेणं

Translation: The cave of Bhūti, the city judge.

'''VIII- Jambesavara cave inscription'''

This inscription has been engraved over the entrances to the inner chamber of the cave. The text in [[Devanagari]] script is as under:

महामदास बारियाय नाकियस लेणं

Translation: The cave of Mahāmāda Nākiya and Bāriyā.

'''X- Tatowāgumphā inscription (Cave No −1)'''

The record of this inscription is incised over one of the entrances to the inner chamber. The Text reads in [[Sanscrit|Sanskrit]] as

पादमुलिकस कुसुमस लेणं x [॥]

Translation: The cave of [[Kaswan|Kusuma]], the ''padamulika''.

Notes:- There is a syllable after the word ''lenam'', which may be read as ''ni'' or ''phi'', ''padamulika'' literally means, one who serves at the feet [of king].

Note:- Sadananda Agrawal has interpreted ''Masikanagara'' as ''Asikanagara'' and identified with the city Adam (Nagpur district). In view of the evidence of a highly prosperous city unearthed at Adam, Prof AM Shastri is of the opinion that Adam itself represents the Asikanagara of [[Hathigumpha inscription]]. It is worth noting in the present context that a terracotta sealing having a legend, has been discovered from Adam,{{sfn|Agrawal|2000|p={{page needed|date=May 2021}}}} situated on the right bank of the river [[Wainganga]], which reads [[Assaka|Asakajanapadasa]] (Devanagari: असकजनपदस).

'''XI- Ananta Gumpha inscription (A)'''

The record is incised on the architrave between the left ante and the fifth pillar. The text in [[Oriya script]] is:
'''{{Langx|or|ଦୋହଦ ସମଣନ ଲେଖ}}''' ([[Devanagari]]: दोहद समणनं लेणं

Translation: The cave of the Dohada Śramaṇas.

== Khandagiri caves ==
[[File:Rishabhanatha and ambika, Khandagiri Caves.jpg|thumb|Carving of [[Rishabhanatha]] and [[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambika]], Ambika Gumpha]]
[[File:Katak Ananta Gumpha relief.jpg|thumb|Cave of Ananta Gumpha.]]
[[File:KU24.jpg|thumb|Carving of Tirthankaras & their respective Yakshini (attendant deities) inside Navamuni Gumpha]]
[[File:KU19.jpg|thumb|Carving of Jain Tirthankaras, Lalatendu Keshari Gumpha]]
[[File:Stone Work in Cave no 12.JPG|thumb|Stone work in Cave 12]]

The Khandagiri hills fall on your left side when you enter into this area from Bhubaneswar. There are 15 caves in Khandagiri.<ref name="ignca.nic.in" /> These caves were renovated during the reign of Uddyotakeshari of [[Somavamshi dynasty]].{{Sfn|Ray|2017|p=252}}

;1. Tatowa Gumpha
The parrots are carved above the entrance arch and hence it is called as Tatowa Gumpha. It has two ''dwarapala'' figures too. There are sculptures of
friezes, railing, arch, with [[kalasa]] inside the cave.{{Sfn|IGNCA|Tatowa Gumpha – 1}}

;2. Tatowa Gumpha
The cave is decorated with sculptural friezes like nayikas, gandhrvas, different animals and birds, chaitya arch, pilaster design, rafters and vaulted roof.{{Sfn|IGNCA|Tatowa Gumpha – 2 }}

;3. Ananta Gumpha
The cave has sculptures of women, elephants, geese, etc.{{Sfn|Senapati|2019|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=yeycDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA184 184]}}

;4. Tentuli Gumpha
It is a small rock-cut chamber with just one column.

;5. Khandagiri Gumpha
It is a roughly cut cell and has double storeys.

;6. Dhyana Gumpha
It is a roughly cut cell.

;7. Navamuni Gumpha
Navamuni Gumpha is a roughly cut cell with the sculptures of nine Jain Tirthankaras and Sasana Devis. These sculptures were added to the caves in the 11th century by [[Somavamshi dynasty]].{{Sfn|Krishan|Tadikonda|1996|p=23}}{{Sfn|IGNCA|Navamuni Gumpha}}

;8. Barabhuji Gumpha
There are altogether twenty five figures of Tirthankaras on the walls of the cell on three sides,{{Sfn|Krishan|Tadikonda|1996|p=23}} Parsvanatha being repeated twice. Beneath the Tirthankara, their respective Sasanadevis are found. Chakareswari is depicted with 12 arms giving the cave name ''Barabhuji''. The image is now worshipped as a Brahminical deity. These sculptures were added to the caves in the 11th century by [[Somavamshi dynasty]].{{Sfn|IGNCA|Barabhuji Gumpha}}

;9. Trusula Gumpha
There are three sculptures of Rishabha Deva who is found in the [[Kayotsarga]] posture.{{Sfn|Odisha Tourism|Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves}} Apart from these sculptures, there are sculptures of 24 Jain Tirthankaras which look rough.{{Sfn|Krishan|Tadikonda|1996|p=23}}

;10. Ambika Gumpha
There are three relief sculptures, two of [[Rishabhanatha]] and one [[Ambika (Jainism)|Amra]] the sasana-devi of [[Neminatha]].{{Sfn|Krishan|Tadikonda|1996|p=23}}{{Sfn|IGNCA|Rushabhanath Gumpha}}

;11. Lalatendu Keshari Gumpha
In cell 1, There are 2 images of Rishabhantha and 3 of [[Parshvanatha]] and in cell 2, 2 images of Parshvanatha and 1 of Rishabhantha. These sculptures were added to the caves in the 11th century by [[Somavamshi dynasty]].{{Sfn|Krishan|Tadikonda|1996|p=23}}{{Sfn|IGNCA|Lalatendu Kesari Gumpha}}

Caves 12, 13 and 15 are unnamed. Cave 14 is very simple and called Ekadasi Gumpha.{{Sfn|IGNCA|Ekadasi Gumpha}}

==See also==
* [[Hathigumpha inscription]]
* [[Kharavela]]

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|23em}}

=== Sources ===
==== Books ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation |last=Glasenapp |first=Helmuth von |author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |others=Shridhar B. Shrotri (trans.) |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |trans-title=Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion |url={{Google books|WzEzXDk0v6sC|page=44|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] (Reprint: 1999) |year=1925 |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-1376-2 }}
* {{Citation|first=Sadananda |last=Agrawal |title=Sri Kharavela Sri Digambar Jain Samaj |publisher=Cuttack |year=2000}}
* {{Citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyXxEX5PQH8C| title=Ornament in Indian Architecture| first=Margaret Prosser| last=Allen| publisher=University of Delaware Press| date=1991| isbn=9780874133998}}
* {{Citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNlt08SXW48C | title=Dvarapalas in Indonesia: Temple Guardians and Acculturation | volume=13 | first=Helena A. van | last=Bemmel | publisher=[[CRC Press]] | date=1994 | isbn=9789054101550 }}
* {{citation |last=Cort |first=John E. |author-link=John E. Cort |title=Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDBpq23-0QoC |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-538502-1 }}
* {{Citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdjNkZoGFCgC| title=The Jains| first=Paul| last=Dundas| author-link=Paul Dundas| publisher=[[Taylor & Francis|Psychology Press]]| date=2002| isbn=9780415266055}}
* {{Citation|last=Gupta |first=Sunil |year=2008 |title=Early Sculptural Art in the Indian Coastlands: A Study in Cultural Transmission and Syncretism (300 BCE-CE 500)|publisher=D K Printworld |isbn=978-812460438-0}}
* {{Citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXVNBAAAQBAJ | title=World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India | volume=1 | first1=Alī | last1=Jāvīd | first2=Tabassum | last2=Javeed | publisher=Algora Publishing | date=2008 | isbn=9780875864822 }}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8897ridkczoC|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography, Volume 2|first=Subodh|last=Kapoor|isbn=9788177552997|publisher=Genesis Publishing|date=2002}}
* {{Citation | url={{Google books|kDyJh--iaL0C|page=23|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | title=The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development | first1=Yuvraj | last1=Krishan | first2=Kalpana K. | last2=Tadikonda | publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan | date=1996 | isbn=9788121505659 }}
* {{Citation|last=Michell |first=George |year=1990 |title=The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=0140081445}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBd_BAAAQBAJ|title=Indian Philately Digest|first=Prashant H.|last=Pandya|publisher=Indian Philatelists' Forum|date=2014}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90_qAeMT1bwC|title=Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa|first=Durga Prasad|last=Patnaik|isbn=9788170172482|publisher=Abhinav Publications|date=1989}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Rath|first=Jayanti|date=April 2007|title=Kharavela: The Great Philanthropic Emperor|magazine=Orissa Review|pages=40–41|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr-2007/engpdf/page40-41.pdf|access-date=May 9, 2021|archive-date=15 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115090931/https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/apr-2007/engpdf/page40-41.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GGAoDwAAQBAJ | title=The Encyclopedia of Aphrodisiacs: Psychoactive Substances for Use in Sexual Practices | first1=Christian | last1=Rätsch | first2=Claudia | last2=Müller-Ebeling | publisher=Simon and Schuster | date=2013 | isbn=9781620552704 }}
* {{Citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgXgCgAAQBAJ | title=Negotiating Cultural Identity: Landscapes in Early Medieval South Asian History | first=Himanshu Prabha | last=Ray | publisher=Routledge | date=2017 | isbn=9781317341307 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Senapati|first=Tanisha|year=2019|chapter=Beautiful sights in Odisha|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yeycDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yeycDwAAQBAJ|title=URMI – Journal of The Odisha Society of The Americas: For 50th Annual Convention Held in 2019 at Atlantic City, New Jersey|publisher=Odisha Society of Americas}}
* {{cite book| last=Shah| first=Umakant Premanand| author-link=Umakant Premanand Shah| url={{Google books|fETebHcHKogC|page=30|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}| title=Studies in Jain Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects in Honour of Dr. U.P. Shah| publisher=Abhinav Publications| date=1995| isbn=9788170173168}}
* {{Citation |ref={{SfnRef|Singh et al.|2015}} |display-authors=1 |first1=Sarina |last1=Singh |first2=Michael |last2=Benanav |first3=Abigail |last3=Blasi |first4=Paul |last4=Clammer |first5=Mark |last5=Elliott |first6=Paul |last6=Harding |first7=Anirban |last7=Mahapatra |first8=John |last8=Noble |first9=Kevin |last9=Raub |year=2015 |title=Lonely Planet India |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=9781743609750 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BWinCgAAQBAJ }}
* {{Citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6A4DwAAQBAJ| title=Political Violence in Ancient India| first=Upinder| last=Singh| publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]| date=2017| isbn=9780674975279}}
* {{Citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAg6AAAAIAAJ | title=The Greeks in Bactria & India | first=William Woodthorpe | last=Tarn | author-link=William Woodthorpe Tarn | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | date=1980 }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* Sachin Singhal: Orissa tourist road guide and political, Vardhman Publications, {{ISBN|81-8080-011-3}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves}}
* [http://ignca.nic.in/asp/showbig.asp?projid=orkhr1870001 Udayagiri Complex], extensive image gallery by Indira Gandhi National Centre of Arts
* Detailed Photos of the [https://www.flickr.com/photos/nbg90455/sets/72157623710292302/detail/ Cave Temples]
*http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_orissa_udaigiricaves.asp

{{Jain history}}
{{Jain Caves in India}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udayagiri And Khandagiri Caves}}
[[Category:Caves of Odisha]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Odisha]]
[[Category:Hindu cave temples in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Historic sites in Odisha]]
[[Category:Geography of Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Jain temples]]
[[Category:Jain rock-cut architecture]]

Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)

2026-03-28T13:00:58Z

TammieNeedham: updated page

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| general_secretary = [[Provash Ghosh]]
| party_name = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|abbreviation=SUCI and SUCI(C)| party_logo = SUCI flag.svg
| colorcode ={{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}
| foundation = 24 April 1948
| loksabha_seats =
| rajyasabha_seats =
| split = [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
| alliance =
| ideology = {{ubl|[[Anti-capitalism]]|[[Social conservatism]]|[[Shibdas Ghosh]] thought}}
| publication = ''[[Proletarian Era]]'' (English) [[Ganadabi]] (Bengali) Unity (Malayalam)
| headquarters = 48 Lenin Sarani [[Kolkata]], India 700013 {{coord|22|33|49.9|N|88|21|20.1|E}}
| students = [[All India Democratic Students Organisation|Democratic Students Organisation]]
| youth = [[All India Democratic Youth Organisation|Democratic Youth Organisation]]
| women = [[All India Mahila Sanskritik Sanghathan|Mahila Sanskritik Sanghathan]]
| labour = [[All India United Trade Union Centre|United Trade Union Centre]]
| peasants = [[All India Krishak Khet Majdoor Sangathan|Krishak Khet Majdoor Sangathan]]
| website = {{URL|www.sucic.org/}}
| eci = Registered - Unrecognized
| founder = [[Shibdas Ghosh]] [[Nihar Mukherjee]]
}}

The '''Socialist Unity Centre of India''' ('''SUCI'''), officially known as the '''Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)''' ('''SUCI(C)''') and formerly known as '''Socialist Unity Centre''' ('''SUC'''), is an [[anti-capitalist]] and [[social conservative]] political party in India. The party was founded by [[Shibdas Ghosh]] and [[Nihar Mukherjee]] in 1948.

==History==
===Formation===
[[Image:shibdasghosh.jpg|thumb|[[Shibdas Ghosh]], Founder General Secretary of SUCI]]
Centring some ideological tensions and debates, about thirty members of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] were ousted from RSP and this faction along with the group led by Sudhindra Pramanik who was a former associate of [[M. N. Roy]], one group led by Nepal Bhattacharjee, founder of Workers and Peasants League and a faction led by Biren Bhattarcharjee claimed to form a propagandist '''Platform of Action''' (POA) as '''Socialist Unity Centre''' on 1 May 1946 with [[Shibdas Ghosh]] and Makhan Chatterjee as joint convenors. 24 Pargana district committee led by [[Subodh Banerjee]] also joined the faction. But detailed analysis says that Platform of Action was most likely formed after [[Independence of India]]. The leaders of the organisations and groups of the POA couldn't arrive ideological coherency and then the faction led by [[Shibdas Ghosh]] and [[Nihar Mukherjee]] gave rise to a political party named Socialist Unity Centre on 24 April 1948.<ref name = "এসোশুই">{{cite journal | last1=Deb | first1=Bikash Ranjan | title=From National Revolutionism to Marxism: A Politico-historical Narrative of Origins of Socialist Unity Centre of India (SUCI) | journal=Indian Historical Review | date=2022 | volume=49 | issue=2 | pages=309–325 | doi=10.1177/03769836221136271 | url=https://www.academia.edu/92329281 }}</ref>

An 11-member central committee was formed consisting of [[Shibdas Ghosh]], [[Subodh Banerjee]], [[Nihar Mukherjee]], Sachin Banerjee, Pritish Chanda, Hiren Sarkar, Rathin Sen, Promod Singha Roy, Monoranjan Banerjee, Radheshyam Saha and Tribeni Bardhan with [[Shibdas Ghosh]] as the General Secretary. Although SUCI claims at present that Hiren Sarkar was one of the members of the first central committee, the party’s old documents do not substantiate this. It is speculated that Hiren Sarkar was included in the central committee sometimes after 1954.<ref name = "এসোশুই"/>

===Early years (1948-70)===
The party took part in different protests against tram fare rise, proposed merger of [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]] and joined Food Movement of 1959-66.<ref name=TOIHMDYKAS>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/how-much-do-you-know-about-suci/articleshow/524909383.cms|title=How much do you know about SUCI? | undefined News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=10 January 2002 }}</ref>

Even though SUCI considers elections as bourgeois tactics, it took part in parliamentary elections from its inception.

SUCI formed [[United Left Front (1957)|United Left Front of 1957]] ahead of the [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]. The other constituents of the front were [[Bolshevik Party of India]], the [[Workers Party of India|Democratic Vanguard in India]] and the [[Republican Party of India]].<ref name = "United Front of Left">M.V.S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 216.</ref> But SUC and its allies lost in all the contested seats.

During the prevailing food crisis in [[West Bengal]], SUC joined [[United Left Front (1962)|United Left Front of 1962]] led by [[Communist Party of India]].<ref name = "United Front of Left"/><ref>Dasgupta, Salien. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071017160748/http://www.ganashakti.com/archive/left_unity.htm Left Unity]''</ref> Despite contesting 11 seats as part of [[United Left Front (1962)|ULF–1962]] in [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], SUC was defeated in all seats and merely got 69,844 votes.

In [[1967 Indian general election]], Chitta Roy of SUC won from [[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency]] as an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410020356/http://eci.nic.in/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Key Highlights of General Elections, 1967 to The Fourth Lok Sabha|archivedate=10 April 2009}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/at-joynagar-suci-banks-on-a-doctor/|title=At Joynagar, SUCI banks on a doctor|date=21 March 2009}}</ref> In [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], SUC as part of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] led [[United Left Front (1967)|ULF–1967]] and won 4 seats.<ref name = "United Front of Left"/> The front merged with [[People's United Left Front]] to form [[United Front (West Bengal)|United Front]] which formed the first non-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] government in the state.

SUCI was given the [[Department of Labour (West Bengal)|Labour Ministry]] in the United Front government and [[Subodh Banerjee]] became Labour Minister who introduced [[Gherao]] principle. United Front issued circular stating that police would not be able to interfere in gheraos (besieging blockades) unless having the permission of the Ministry of Labour.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7QI4eOM18cC&dq=Subodh+Banarjee,+west+bengal&pg=PA28|title=West Bengal's Jyoti Basu: A Political Profile|first1=Surajit Kumar|last1=Dasgupta|first2=Surajit̲a|last2=Dāśagupta|date=18 April 1992|publisher=Gian Publishing House|isbn=9788121204200|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article263.html|title=A Defiant Rebel - Mainstream|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boloji.com/diary/kolkata/013.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418042211/http://www.boloji.com/diary/kolkata/013.htm|url-status=dead|title=Populist Governance|archivedate=18 April 2009}}</ref> This led to frequent strikes & protests against big businessmen and industrialists by labour unions causing them to gradually shift their operations out of the state. [[Kolkata High Court]] nullified this principle twice. [[Bangla Congress]] leaders requested the-then Deputy Chief Minister [[Jyoti Basu]] to remove [[Subodh Banerjee]] from the Labour Ministry and this proposal was rejected by Basu. When Chief Minister [[Ajoy Mukherjee]] himself sat on a hunger strike at [[Curzon Park]] in front of [[Writer's Building]] demanding Banerjee's resignation, CPI(M) and SUCI workers interrupted his demonstration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/president-pranab-mukherjee-as-rajya-sabha-lok-sabha-mp-110881-2012-07-23|title=As a debutant MP, Pranab quickly earned the respect of his Rajya Sabha colleagues |date=24 July 2012 }}</ref>

SUCI won 7 seats and got 1.53% votes [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] being part of [[United Front (West Bengal)|United Front]]. [[Subodh Banerjee]] was now made the Minister of [[Department of Public Works (West Bengal)|Department of Public Works]] and [[Protiva Mukherjee]] was made Minister of State for Roads and Road Development.<ref name = "Ganashakti">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ganashakti.com/jb/part41.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012153414/http://www.ganashakti.com/jb/part41.htm|url-status=dead|title=The Second United Front|archivedate=12 October 2008}}</ref>

When Ajoy Mukherjee presented his resignation on 16 March 1970,<ref name="Das1970">{{cite book|author=Sitanshu Das|title=The future for Indian democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4UdAAAAMAAJ&q=ajoy|year=1970|publisher=Fabian Society|page=30|isbn=9780716312857}}</ref> [[Jyoti Basu]] met Governor Santiswarup Dhawan and he requested that the [[CPI(M)]], being the largest party, be allowed to form the government. But SUCI along with [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], [[Bangla Congress]], [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]] met him and advised him not to give CPI(M) that opportunity and the Governor recommended President’s rule leading to the fall of the second United Front government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ganashakti.com/jb/part41.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012153414/http://www.ganashakti.com/jb/part41.htm|url-status=dead|title=The Second United Front|archivedate=12 October 2008|quote = On March 16, Ajoy-babu resigned. In protest, the BPTUC and the July 12 Committee led many democratic and peoples' organisations to a successful general strike the very next day. I met the Governor and requested him to allow the CPI(M), as the single largest party, to form the government on its own and that we would give proof of our strength on the floor of the Assembly. On the other hand, the Congress, Bangla Congress, CPI, Forward Bloc and SUCI met him and advised him not to give us that opportunity.}}</ref>

===Later years (1971-2006)===
Before [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], SUCI joined United Left Democratic Front led by [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Science Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOokAQAAMAAJ|volume=18-19|year=1979|publisher=Department of Political Science, University of Rajasthan.|page=31}}</ref><ref name="Ray2007">{{cite book|author=Sudhir Ray|title=Marxist parties of West Bengal in opposition and in government, 1947-2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loYOAQAAMAAJ|date=1 November 2007|publisher=Progressive Publishers|isbn=978-81-8064-135-0|pages=77, 160}}</ref><ref name="MukherjeeResearch1975">{{cite book|author1=Subimal Kumar Mukherjee|author2=Indian Council of Social Science Research|title=Elections to the Howrah Parliamentary Constituency, 1971, with Reference to Three Assembly Constituencies Thereunder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWYFAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=World Press|page=39}}</ref> The front failed to reach a seat-sharing agreement with the [[Bangla Congress]], but managed to agree to some seat-sharings with the [[Indian National Congress (R)|Congress (R)]].<ref name="Ray2007"/> SUCI won 7 seats in the election.

SUCI, in [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], won one Vidhan Sabha seat. It was a part of [[CPI(M)]] led alliance in the election.<ref name="Palit1983">{{cite book|author=Prabhat Kumar Palit|title=The Congress (O) in West Bengal Politics: Role Performance and Role Perception|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YsmAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=B.B. Company, Publication Division|pages=77–78}}</ref>

SUCI won 4 seats in [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]] and won 2 seats — [[Jaynagar Assembly constituency|Jaynagar]] and [[Kultali Assembly constituency|Kultali]] in [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]] also and held those two seats till [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]].

The party also represented [[Jashipur Assembly constituency]] of [[Odisha]] three times in 1985-90, 1995-2000 and 2004-09. Nalini Ranjan Singh of SUCI won [[Kanti Assembly constituency]] from 1980-90. In 1990, he won in [[Janata Dal]] ticket.

One of the major campaigns of the party in West Bengal has been its agitations against the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] government.

SUCI protested against bus fare hike in 1983 and called for Bangla [[Bandh]] (Bengal Strike) in 31 August 1990<ref name=TOIHMDYKAS/> and organised protest against electricity price rise in 1991 and in 2002.<ref name=TOIHMDYKAS/>

Following the decision of the Left Front government to remove the English language from primary education to decrease school drop-out ratio, the SUCI protested for the reinstatement of English.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://india.indymedia.org/en/2003/08/6408.shtml |title=Millions Rise Up For Total Bangla Bandh (total General Strike) |access-date=28 March 2008 |archive-date=18 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718100311/http://india.indymedia.org/en/2003/08/6408.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1011212/national.htm#head7|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130902003215/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1011212/national.htm#head7|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2013|title=Bandh call banks on past success}}</ref><ref>[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22599125_ITM Twist of the mother tongue]</ref> It called for Bangla Bandh on 3 February 1998 in the demand for bringing back English at the primary education.<ref name=TOIHMDYKAS/>
In the year 2000, the SUCI organised a protest demanding English as a compulsory subject at primary education.<ref name=TOIHMDYKAS/>

===Singur-Nandigram movement and alliance with Trinamool Congress===
SUCI joined the anti-industrial movements in [[Singur]] against the [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]] for the [[Tata Group]]'s car factory<ref name=TIOSITPH>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Singur-issue-triggers-protests-in-Howrah/articleshow/867316.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020024229/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-12-20/india/27801307_1_road-blockade-singur-howrah|url-status=live|archive-date=20 October 2012|title=Singur issue triggers protests in Howrah - Times Of India|work=The Times of India |date=20 October 2012}}</ref><ref name=AIDINDIA>{{Cite web|url=http://aidindia.org/main/content/view/323/74/|title=Singur has turned violent thanks to brutal and anti-people stance of ironic communist government of West Bengal|access-date=24 March 2008|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716030017/http://aidindia.org/main/content/view/323/74/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=REDIFFSMPVDGF>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/dec/19singur.htm|title=Singur: Medha Patkar visits dead girl's family|website=Rediff}}</ref> and [[Nandigram]] against the [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]] for the [[Salim Group]]'s [[chemical hub]].<ref name=EPAOMRLS>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=9..111107.nov07|title=Mamata resigns from LS : 11th nov07 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=HINDUESNP>[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200704021623.htm Extend support to Nandigram people: SUCI]</ref><ref name=HINDUSPARN>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071219114921/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/14/stories/2007111456320300.htm SUCI Protests against repression in Nandigram]</ref><ref name=ECONOMICTIMESNTBR>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Nandigram_turns_blood_red/articleshow/1764786.cms|title=Nandigram turns blood red|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=15 March 2007 }}</ref><ref name=NEWSINDPRESSCSBBU>[http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEQ20070317012248&Page=Q&Title=ORISSA&Topic=0 Cancel SEZs in Bengal, Buddha urged]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

SUCI which was gradually diminishing from the political arena of West Bengal, allied with [[Trinamool Congress]] led by [[Mamata Banerjee]] in 2008.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080318215433/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/15/stories/2008031561081500.htm Trinamool Congress to tie up with SUCI]</ref> [[Provash Ghosh]], the-then West Bengal State Secretary of SUCI, termed [[Mamata Banerjee|Banerjee]] as 'very pro-people' and 'pro-struggle'. The alliance also had tacit support of the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]]-controlled [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

On 21 April 2008, [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]] led anti-[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] Progressive Secular Democratic Alliance including SUCI called for statewide 12 hour strike.<ref>{{cite web | title=TC, SUCI jointly call 12-hour 'Bangla Bandh' | date=4 April 2008 | url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/04/04/trinamool-and-suci-jointly-call-12-hour-bangla-bandh-on-april-21-1207316373.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=12-hour shutdown against price rise in West Bengal | work=The Economic Times | date=21 April 2008 | url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/12-hour-shutdown-against-price-rise-in-west-bengal/articleshow/2967584.cms}}</ref>

SUCI contested 2008 West Bengal Panchayat elections, [[2009 Indian general election in West Bengal|2009 Indian general election]] and [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] as part of TMC led alliance. [[Indian National Congress]] and other parties were also part of the formation.

In [[2009 Indian general election in West Bengal|2009]], SUCI was given one Lok Sabha seat to contest under [[United Progressive Alliance]]. But it also fielded nine more candidates against [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. It was speculated that SUCI's move will help Congress by splitting left votes.<ref>{{cite news|title = SUCI surprise for 'partner' Cong - Mamata to step in after ally fields more candidates| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/suci-surprise-for-partner-cong-mamata-to-step-in-after-ally-fields-more-candidates/cid/497605|quote=“The SUCI might also help the Congress by cutting into Left votes,” she added.}}</ref>

In [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]], SUCI initially demanded 17 seats, but with negotiations with [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]], it agreed for 14 seats. But TMC finally decided to leave 2 seats for SUCI. This led to a rift between the two parties and as a result, SUCI announced 28 more candidates against [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] whereas Congress fielded candidates in 66 seats.<ref>{{cite web | title=Jolt to Trinamool as SUCI decides to field 17 ca | date=3 May 2012 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2011/Mar/23/jolt-to-trinamool-as-suci-decides-to-field-17-ca-238038.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=West Bengal 2011 | url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/ }}</ref> SUCI won only [[Jaynagar Assembly constituency]] and lost [[Kultali Assembly constituency|Kultali]] to CPI(M) and forfeited deposits on rest 28 seats.

[[Image:NM MemorialMeeting.jpg|thumb|Nihar Mukherjee Memorial Meeting held in Netaji Indoor Stadium in [[Kolkata]] on 3 March 2010]]
After SUC's disastrous results in [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], [[Provash Ghosh]] said in a press statement that SUC's main aim was to dislodge the CPI(M) government of 34-year span by forming alliance with TMC and his party was ready to sit in opposition after the fall of the Left Front government.

==Recent situation==
During its peak times, the stronghold of the party was in the [[South 24 Parganas]] district of West Bengal, in areas such as [[Jaynagar Majilpur]] where it once controlled certain municipalities. But it is now almost organisationally and electorally decimated in those areas.

[[Image:Sucimuralkolkata (107).JPG|thumb|SUCI mural in [[Kolkata]], announcing 'SUCI day' rally on 24 April]]

Since [[Tarun Mandal]] lost in [[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency]] in 2014 and Tarun Kanti Naskar lost in [[Jaynagar Assembly constituency]] in 2016, the party has no representative in any state assembly across the country or in Parliament.

Under the leadership of [[Prakash Karat]] and [[Biman Bose]], SUCI and five left parties [[CPI(M)]], [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)L]], [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] and [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] came to common understanding in 2014 to forge larger left unity in order to strengthen mass movements following [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s ascend to the Central Government in [[2014 Indian general election]].<ref>{{cite web | title=একদা ব্রাত্যরাও বাম শিবিরে এখন সুজন | url=https://www.anandabazar.com/india/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8-1.83105 }}</ref> But SUCI joined took part in some selective programmes among the ones organised by the platform. SUCI current General Secretary [[Provash Ghosh]] also mocked smaller constituents of [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] calling them 'rubber stamp of CPM'.<ref>https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/suci-scorns-political-agenda-of-left-front-and-their-17-parties-1.217101</ref> SUCI, before [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], left the platform and had seat-sharing talks with [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)L]].<ref>{{cite web | last1=Sengupta | first1=Tamal | title=Left-Congress alliance for polls drives SUCI, naxalite faction to join hands in fight against Marxists - the Economic Times | work=The Economic Times | date=11 March 2016 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/left-congress-alliance-for-polls-drives-suci-naxalite-faction-to-join-hands-in-fight-against-marxists/articleshow/51355576.cms?from=mdr }}</ref> Finally SUCI contested 182 seats and got zero seat and 0.67% votes losing deposits in 180 seats.<ref>{{cite web | title=West Bengal General Legislative Election 2016 | url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3469-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2016/ }}</ref>

On 5 August 2023, SUCI organised a rally in [[Brigade Parade Ground]] in Kolkata after 35 years of its first such rally in 1988. SUCI was actively aided by the [[right-wing]] ruling party of West Bengal [[Trinamool Congress]] for organising the rally.<ref>{{cite news|title = এসইউসি-র ব্রিগেডে ঢালাও সাহায্য তৃণমূলের, কোন অঙ্কে এক 'অন্য' লাল পার্টির 'পাশে' জোড়াফুল?| url = https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/west-bengal/tmc-indirectly-helped-the-brigade-rally-called-by-suc-dgtl/cid/1450147}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=ব্রিগেডে Suci সমাবেশে সহায়তা করল শাসক দল? কারণ কী | url=https://www.editorji.com/bengali/local/suci-rally-in-brigade-ground-kolkata-eshan-1691243243594 }}</ref>

SUCI fielded 150 candidates across various states and UTs in [[2024 Indian general election]] and got only 4,80,987 votes, forfeiting deposits in every seat.

==Party Congresses and leadership==
===Party Congresses===
Party Congresses of SUCI aren't held regularly unlike [[CPI(M)]], [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and other left-wing parties.

The 1st SUCI Party Congress was held in Kolkata in 1988, forty years after its formation. In this conference, the constitution of the party was adopted‌ and the name was changed from Socialist Unity Centre to Socialist Unity Centre of India.

The 2nd Party Congress was held from 11 to 17 November 2009 in [[Ramlila Maidan]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5G2rVVur8I |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116235841/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5G2rVVur8I |archive-date=2016-01-16 |url-status=dead|title=- YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://video.aol.co.uk/video-detail/suci-2nd-party-congress-inaugurationmpg/1921357283|title=India Vision News Clip – SUCI Party Congress inauguration (in Malayalam)|access-date=13 November 2009|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807081102/http://video.aol.co.uk/video-detail/suci-2nd-party-congress-inaugurationmpg/1921357283|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentType=EDITORIAL&programId=1073753763&articleType=Malayalam|title=News&contentId=6269200&tabId=11&BV_ID=@@@ Nihar Mukherjee again elected as SUCI's General Secretary "(In Malayalam)"}}</ref> The word 'communist' was added to the party's name at the second party congress.<ref>[http://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-9499.html SUCI rechristens itself as SUCI (Communist)]</ref>

The third Party Congress was organised in 2018.

===General Secretaries===
In SUCI, the General Secretary customarily holds office ad mortem.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|+List of General Secretaries
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white" | S. No.
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white"| Term
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white"| Portrait
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white"| Name
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white"|State
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white"| References
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 1
! scope="row" | 1948-1976
| {{sort|Shibu|[[File:shibdasghosh.jpg|100px]]}}
|[[Shibdas Ghosh]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|
|-
| colspan="5" |[[Shibdas Ghosh]] was the founding General Secretary of SUCI.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 2
! scope="row" | 1976-2010
| {{sort|Nihar|[[File:NMukherjee.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[Nihar Mukherjee]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|
|-
| colspan="5" |[[Nihar Mukherjee]] became general secretary after death of [[Shibdas Ghosh]].
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 3
! scope="row" | 2010-
| {{sort|Provu Ghush|[[File:Provashghosh.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[Provash Ghosh]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/articles/kerala/32/2010-03-05/0|title=Provash Ghosh, SUCI General Secretary, Mathrubhumi Online, 5 March 2010, Kerala News ''(In Malayalam)''|access-date=5 March 2010|archive-date=7 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307031632/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/online/malayalam/news/articles/kerala/32/2010-03-05/0|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |[[Provash Ghosh]] is the current leader of the party. He was elected as the General Secretary of the party by the Central Committee on 4 March 2010 following death of [[Nihar Mukherjee]].
|-
|}

==Mass organisations==
The principal mass organisations of SUCI are:
*[[All India United Trade Union Centre|United Trade Union Centre]]
*[[All India Democratic Students Organisation|Democratic Students Organisation]]
*[[All India Democratic Youth Organisation|Democratic Youth Organisation]]
*[[All India Mahila Sanskritik Sanghathan|Mahila Sanskritik Sanghathan]]
*[[All India Krishak Khet Majdoor Sangathan|Krishak Khet Majdoor Sangathan]]

==Publications==
The central organ of SUCI is the ''[[Proletarian Era]]'', an English forthnighly published from [[Kolkata]].

The publications of various state committees are listed below:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"|
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white" | Name of Organ
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white"| Language
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}; color:white"| Place of Publication
|-
|'''Ganadabi'''
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|-
|'''Unity'''
|[[Malayalam]]
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
|'''Ganamukti'''
|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|[[Guwahati]]
|-
|'''Karmika Drushtikona'''
|[[Kannada]]
|[[Bangalore]]
|-
|'''Pattali Chinthanai'''
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Chennai]]
|-
|'''Sarbahara Kranti'''
|[[Oriya language|Oriya]]
|[[Bhubaneswar]]
|-
|'''Sarvahara Dristhikon'''
|[[Hindi]]
|[[Delhi]]
|-
|'''Socialist Viplavam'''
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
|-
|'''Morcha'''
|[[Urdu]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|-
|}

==Criticism and controversies==
SUC is also criticised by CPI(M) and other left parties for allying with [[para-fascism|semi-fascistic]] and virulently [[anti-communist]] party like TMC and having priority to criticise left-wing parties instead of right-wing parties like [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and TMC in various rallies.<ref>{{cite web | title=ব্রিগেড থেকে সিপিএমকে বিঁধে সরব এসইউসি | url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/suci-c-targets-cpm-left-in-brigade-rally/cid/1450266 }}</ref>

The party has also questionable stances on social issues, calling homosexuality a sign of "mental deformity and morbidity" and it supports "stringent punishment like life-term" of [[homosexual people]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Provash Ghosh| newspaper =Proletarian Era| title = SUCI(C) calls for developing powerful socio-cultural movements based on higher ethics and morality to stop proliferation of depraved thoughts like homosexuality| date = 15 December 2013|url=https://pearchives.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/pe12152013.pdf}}</ref>
The party which highly talks about [[progressive culture]], is in staunch opposition to the introduction of [[sex education]] in schools.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Is sex education at school level acceptable? | language=bn | url=https://ganadabi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/gd06292007.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227211559/http://ganadabi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/gd06292007.pdf | archive-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>

SUCI West Bengal state committee member Bidhan Chatterjee committed suicide in Puri due to growing corruptions and moral decline within the party.<ref>{{cite web | title=SUCI leader commits suicide;Police gear up investigation | date=10 April 2008 | url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/04/10/suci-leader-commits-suicidepolice-gear-up-investigation-1207845281.html }}</ref><ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/suci-leader-hangs-himself-in-puri-body-found-two-days-after-suicide-threat-to-protest-corruption-in-party/cid/600284</ref> A letter to [[Provash Ghosh]] by him was obtained and published in [[Aajkaal]] newspaper on 10 April 2008 when he was missing. In that letter, Chatterjee mentioned various misdeeds of [[Provash Ghosh]] and some other SUCI leaders.<ref>{{cite news|title = বিধানের সেই 'চিঠি'|publisher = [[Aajkaal]]|date = 10 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = বিধানের খোঁজ নেই!|publisher = [[Aajkaal]]|date = 10 April 2008}}</ref> Although [[Provash Ghosh|Ghosh]] denied the allegations saying that Chatterjee has lost his mind,<ref>{{cite web | title=SUCI state secretary Provash Ghosh denies allegations | date=9 April 2008 | url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/04/09/suci-state-secretary-provash-ghosh-denies-allegations-1207751739.html }}</ref> a Kolkata-based criminal lawyer said that it would be legally difficult to hold [[Provash Ghosh|Ghosh]] responsible for Chatterjee's suicide, as the charges brought by Chatterjee may not fit within the confines of criminal law.<ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/no-morgue-leader-buried/cid/600185</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/shibdas-ghosh/index.htm Marxists Internet Archive: Shibdas Ghosh]'' — Marxists Internet Archive
*''[http://sucic.in/era/era.htm Proletarian Era]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' — a SUCI publication

{{Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)| ]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1948]]
[[Category:Anti-revisionist organizations]]
[[Category:Anti-capitalist political parties]]
[[Category:Anti-capitalist organizations]]
[[Category:Stalinist parties]]
[[Category:Communist parties in India]]

Kushwaha (surname)

2026-03-27T10:32:37Z

TammieNeedham: New.

{{Short description|none}}
'''Kushwaha''' is a surname used by people of [[Koeri]] caste in the Indian states of [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-bets-big-on-non-yadav-obcs-in-up-assembly-polls/articleshow/56767069.cms|title=BJP bets big on non-Yadav OBCs in UP Assembly polls|website=Economic Times|access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="ht">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/three-castes-included-in-backward-classes-list/article1-1147408.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415174249/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/three-castes-included-in-backward-classes-list/article1-1147408.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |title=Three castes included in backward classes list |date=5 November 2013 |access-date=14 April 2014}}</ref> The [[Kushwaha]]s are also known as [[Maurya (surname)|Maurya]], [[Shakya (surname)|Shakya]], or [[Saini]] in various parts of north India.<ref name="ht"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/keshav-prasad-maurya-the-making-of-bjp-s-new-obc-face-in-uttar-pradesh-122012301087_1.html|title=Keshav Prasad Maurya: The making of BJP's new OBC face in Uttar Pradesh|website=Business Standard|accessdate=26 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/uttar-pradesh-elections-swami-prasad-maurya-says-no-intention-to-go-back-to-bjp-court-issues-arrest-warrant/articleshow/88859005.cms|title=Uttar Pradesh elections: Swami Prasad Maurya says no intention to go back to BJP; court issues arrest warrant|website=Times of India|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/amit-shahs-choice-of-up-bjp-chief-to-dampen-nitish-kumars-pitch/articleshow/51771360.cms|title=Amit Shah's choice of UP BJP chief to dampen Nitish Kumar's pitch|website=Economic Times|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref> As per one opinion, the Kushwaha surname is also common among members of [[Kachhi (caste)|Kachhi]] caste, who later merged with the [[Koeri]]s to become a single homogeneous community.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v3d2EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27 |title=Opposition in a Dominant Party System A Study of the Jan Sangh, the Praja Socialist Party, and the Socialist Party in Uttar Pradesh India|author=Angela S. Burger|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2022|isbn=978-0520365568}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=Rajendra |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Dr_Rajendra_Prasad_Correspondence_and_Se.html?id=oyhuAAAAMAAJ#Maurya%20koeri |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Correspondence and Select Documents: January to July 1939 |date=1984 |publisher=Allied |isbn=978-81-7023-002-1 |language=en}}</ref>[[Koiri]] or [[Koeri]] comes under upper class of OBC under Government of India whose social hierarchy is higher than other backward classes.

==Notable people==
Notable people using Kushwaha as their surname, middle name or first name, who may or may not be associated with caste/clan are:
* [[Abhay Kushwaha]], Member of Parliament from [[Aurangabad, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]], Floor Leader in [[Lok Sabha]] of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Aurangabad election results 2024 live updates: RJD's Abhay Kumar Sinha secures victory |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/aurangabad-election-results-2024-bihar-aurangabad-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-abhay-kumar-kushwaha-rjd-sushil-kumar-singh-bjp/articleshow/110665625.cms |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Takkar |first=Jatin |date=2024-06-26 |title=18th Lok Sabha: Many parties choose younger members as floor leaders |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/18th-lok-sabha-many-parties-choose-younger-members-as-floor-leaders/articleshow/111267539.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
*[[Arun Singh Kushwaha]], Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Karakat Assembly constituency]], leader of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation]].
* [[Ajab Singh Kushwah]], Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh, a member of [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/morena/news/sumavali-mla-ajab-singh-kushwaha-kidnapped-rescued-the-young-man-from-gwalior-130075529.html|title=मुरैना में वोट के लिए अपहरण:सुमावली विधायक अजब सिंह कुशवाह ने किया अपहरण, ग्वालियर से पुलिस छुड़ाकर लाई युवक को|website=BHASKAR.com|accessdate=26 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Amarjeet Kushwaha]], Indian activist, lawyer and Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly (a member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation]].)
* [[Ashok Kushwaha]], two times member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Sasaram Assembly constituency]].
* [[Ajit Kushwaha]], Indian Communist leader, Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Dumraon Assembly constituency]].
*[[Ajay Kumar (Bihar politician)|Ajay Kushwaha]], Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Bibhutipur Assembly constituency]].
* [[Ankit Kushwah]], Indian cricketer from Madhya Pradesh
* [[Awadhesh Prasad Kushwaha]], Indian politician from Bihar
* [[Babu Singh Kushwaha]], Member of Parliament from [[Jaunpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jaunpur]], former Cabinet Minister of [[Uttar Pradesh]], Deputy Floor Leader of [[Samajwadi Party]] in [[Lok Sabha]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=Jaunpur election results 2024: SP's Babu Singh Kushwaha wins with over 5 lakh votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/jaunpur-election-results-2024-uttar-pradesh-jaunpur-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-kripashankar-singh-bjp-babu-singh-kushwaha-sp-shyam-singh-yadav-bsp/articleshow/110662460.cms |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaunpur Lok Sabha Chunav Result 2024: जौनपुर के सांसद बने सपा के बाबू कुशवाहा, भाजपा प्रत्याशी कृपाशंकर सिंह को हरा बने विजयी - UP Election Result check Jaunpur Lok Sabha chunav Result 2024 SP Candidate Babu Kushwaha from Jaunpur defeated BJP candidate Kripashankar Singh and became MP |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/jaunpur-jaunpur-lok-sabha-election-result-2024-check-bjp-kripa-shankar-vs-sp-babu-kushwaha-winner-loser-latest-update-23731379.html |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-10-20 |title=Abolish caste system to end all problems in country: SP MP Babu Singh Kushwaha |url=https://theprint.in/india/abolish-caste-system-to-end-all-problems-in-country-sp-mp-babu-singh-kushwaha/2320648/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अखिलेश ने बाबू सिंह कुशवाहा को लोकसभा में उपनेता बनाया |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-akhilesh-made-babu-singh-kushwaha-the-deputy-leader-in-the-lok-sabha-10585256.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910155754/https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-akhilesh-made-babu-singh-kushwaha-the-deputy-leader-in-the-lok-sabha-10585256.html |archive-date=2024-09-10 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi-IN |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Babu Lal Kushwaha]], former member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Naraini Assembly constituency]] and [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency]].
* [[Basant Kushwaha]], former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly, leader of [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]].
* [[Bhagvan Singh Kushwaha]], Indian politician from UP
*[[Baij Nath Kushwaha]], former member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Sirathu Assembly constituency]].
*[[Bharat Singh Kushwah]], cabinet minister in Government of [[Madhya Pradesh]].
* [[Binod Singh Kushwaha]], former Minister for Backward and Extremely Backward Caste welfare in Government of Bihar, leader of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].
*[[Bhagwandin Kushwaha]], former member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
*[[Brahmdeo Narain Singh Kushwaha]] former legislator from Kalyanpur Assembly constituency, Bihar.
* [[Chandrapal Kushwaha]], Indian politician from UP
*[[Dev Dyal Kushwaha]], first agriculture minister for the state of [[Jharkhand]], he served as a member of first Jharkhand cabinet under [[Babu Lal Marandi]].
*[[Dinanath Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Deoria Assembly constituency]].
* [[Dinesh Prasad|Dinesh Prasad Kushwaha]], former minister for irrigation in Government of Bihar.
* [[Fateh Bahadur Kushwaha]], Businessman and Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Dehri Assembly constituency]] (2020–25)
* [[Ganga Singh Kushwaha]], Indian politician from UP
*[[Hari Kewal Prasad|Hari Kewal Prasad Kushwaha]], four-time Member of Indian Parliament ([[Lok Sabha]]) from [[Salempur Lok Sabha constituency]].
*[[Hemlata Divakar|Hemlata Divakar Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Agra Rural Assembly constituency]]
* [[Jagdeo Prasad|Jagdeo Prasad Kushwaha]], Indian politician from Bihar
* [[Jagdish Singh Kushwaha]], Indian politician from UP
* [[Jayant Raj Kushwaha]], former Minister for rural work department in Government of Bihar; Minister for minor water resources.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/bihar-cabinet-berth-allocation-nitish-kumar-home-ministry-tejashwi-yadav-gets-health-ministry-2022-08-16-800381|title=Bihar cabinet: CM Nitish Kumar allocates portfolios, keeps Home Ministry; Tejashwi Yadav gets Health|website=India Tv|accessdate=27 February 2023}}</ref>
*[[Jawahar Prasad|Jawahar Prasad Kushwaha]], former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Sasaram Assembly constituency]].
*[[Jagdish Prasad Kushwaha]], Indian Ayurvedic practitioner and founding leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Jharkhand.
*[[Janakdhari Prasad Kushwaha]], former legislator from [[Minapur Assembly constituency]].
*[[Kailash Kushwah]], member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]].
*[[Rajeev Kumar Singh Kushwaha]], Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Tarapur Assembly constituency]].
*[[Ram Kumar Sharma|Kushwaha Ram Kumar Sharma]], Member of Parliament from Sitamarhi constituency.
* [[Kunwar Yashwantsingh Kushwah]], Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh
* [[Kushwaha Shashi Bhushan Mehta]], Indian politician from Jharkhand
* [[Kushwaha Shivpujan Mehta]], Indian politician from Jharkhand
* [[Manoj Singh Kushwaha]], former Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]], a leader of [[Janata Dal (United)]].
* [[Mahabali Singh|Mahabali Singh Kushwaha]], Member of Indian Parliament from [[Karakat Lok Sabha constituency]], Janata Dal (United) leader.
*[[Mihika Kushwaha]], Indian model and actress.
* [[Maha Nand Singh|Maha Nand Singh Kushwaha]], activist and Member of Legislative Assembly from [[Arwal Assembly constituency]].
* [[Nagmani Kushwaha]], Indian politician from Bihar and Jharkhand
*[[Nagendra Prasad Singh|Nagendra Prasad Kushwaha]], former legislator from [[Minapur Assembly constituency]].
* [[Narayan Singh Kushwah]], Indian politician, member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2008–present
*[[Nathu Ram Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Lalitpur Assembly constituency]].
* [[Narendra Kumar Kushwaha]], Indian politician from UP
*[[Narendra Singh Kushwah]], member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
* [[Neeraj Kushawaha]], [[Samajwadi Party]], leader and MP from Aonla Lok Sabha constituency<ref>{{Cite web |last=लाइव |first=एबीपी |date=2024-06-04 |title=Aonla Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates: लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र आंवला के सबसे तेज़ और सटीक नतीजे, यहाँ देखें लाइव |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/aonla-election-result-2024-live-updates-uttar-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-result-vote-counting-live-winner-loser-tally-bjp-nda-congress-india-2705105 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref>
*[[Pramod Kumar Sinha|Pramod Kumar Sinha Kushwaha]], Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Raxaul Assembly constituency.
* [[Ramesh Singh Kushwaha]], Bihar state president of [[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]
* [[Ramratan Kushwaha]], Indian politician from UP
* [[Ravindra Kushawaha]], Indian politician from UP
*[[Ram Naresh Kushwaha]], former member of Indian parliament from [[Salempur Lok Sabha constituency]].
* [[Ram Balak Singh Kushwaha]], former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Bibhutipur Assembly constituency]].
* [[Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha]], former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Hathua Assembly constituency]].
*[[Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Sarsaul Assembly constituency.
*[[Ram Prakash Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Ghatampur Assembly constituency]].
*[[Ravindra Singh Kushwaha]], naxal leader and former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Arwal Assembly constituency]].
*[[Raja Ram Singh Kushwaha]], former legislator from Obra Assembly constituency, Bihar; [[politburo]] member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
*[[Ram Prasad Kushwaha]], former member of Indian parliament from [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency]] and [[Bikramganj Lok Sabha constituency]].
* [[Rajesh Singh Kushwaha]], Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Hathua Assembly constituency (2020–25).
* [[Rajesh Kushwaha|Dr. Rajesh Kushwaha]]; Former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Kesaria Assembly constituency]].
* [[Renu Kushawaha]], Indian politician from Bihar
* [[R. S. Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (has been associated with [[Samajwadi Party]] and [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]).
* [[Saket Kushwaha]], Indian educationist and agricultural economist(Vice Chancellor of Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh)
* [[Santosh Kumar Kushwaha]], Member Of Parliament from Purnea Bihar.
* [[Salona Kushwaha]], member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
* [[Satyendra Narayan Kushwaha]], former Member of Legislative Council, Bihar.
*[[Sita Sinha|Sita Sinha Kushwaha]], former legislator from Kalyanpur Assembly constituency, Bihar.
* [[Satyadev Kushwaha]], former member of Bihar Legislative Assembly, Janata Dal (United) leader.
* [[Suraj Nandan Kushwaha]], former president of Rashtrawadi Kushwaha Parishad, an organisation affiliated to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].
* [[Sunil Kumar Kushwaha]], Member of Parliament from [[Valmiki Nagar Lok Sabha constituency]].
* [[Satish Prasad Singh|Satish Prasad Singh Kushwaha]], Former Chief Minister of Bihar
* [[Seema Samridhi|Seema Samridhi Kushwaha]], [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] advocate, known for [[2012 Delhi gang rape and murder|Nirbhaya gang rape case 2012]].
*[[Shobha Rani Kushwaha]], member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from [[Dholpur Assembly constituency]].
* [[Sunil Kushwaha]], former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Sitamarhi Assembly constituency]].
*[[Suman Devi Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Lalitpur Assembly constituency.
*[[Sukhlal Kushwaha]], former Member of Indian Parliament ([[Lok Sabha]]) from [[Satna Lok Sabha constituency]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].
*[[Siddharth Sukhlal Kushwaha]], Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Satna Assembly constituency]].
* [[Shri Bhagwan Singh Kushwaha]], National General Secretary of [[Janata Dal (United)]]
* [[Surendra Kumar Kushwaha]], Bhartiya Janata Party politician from [[Fazilnagar Assembly constituency]], Uttar Pradesh.
*[[Shivnath Singh Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Ghatampur Assembly constituency]], former minister in Government of Uttar Pradesh.
*[[Surendra Prasad Singh Kushwaha]], former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Amarpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Amarpur Assembly constituency]].
*[[Suresh Mehta Kushwaha]], former member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Aurangabad, Bihar Assembly constituency]].
*[[Shiv Ram Kushwaha]], former Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Madhogarh Assembly constituency in [[Jalaun district]].
*[[Sabhakunwar Kushawaha]], Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Bhatpar Rani Assembly constituency]].
* [[Umesh Singh Kushwaha]], Bihar state president of [[Janata Dal (United)]]
*[[Umashankar Kushwaha]], former member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Ghazipur Sadar Assembly constituency]]
* [[Upendra Kushwaha]], Indian politician from Bihar
* [[Vishal Kushwah]] (born 1990), Indian cricketer
* [[Vyas Deo Prasad|Vyas Deo Prasad Kushwaha]], former minister in Government of Bihar, former Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Siwan Assembly constituency]].
*[[Vijay Lakshmi Kushwaha]], member of [[Indian Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Siwan Lok Sabha constituency]].

===Bureaucrats===
*[[Chandan Kushwaha]], former city SP Patna, served as Superintendent of Police Rohtas and Banka, Commandant of Home Guards (Bihar).
*[[Pramod Kumar Kushwaha]], Additional Commissioner of [[Delhi Police]], served as Deputy Commissioner of Delhi Police's Special Cell.
*[[Roshan Kushwaha]], Indian Administrative Service officer, District Magistrate of [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]].

==See also==
* [[Mahto]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Surname}}

[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]

Kerala Education Act, 1958

2026-03-25T19:13:21Z

TammieNeedham: Post

{{Short description|Government Act}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}

The '''Kerala Education Act, 1958''' (Act 6 of 1959) is a law in Kerala.

The '''Education Bill'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Kerala Education Bill (L. A. Bill No. 14 of 1957)|url=http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/pdf/bills/k_edu_bl.pdf|access-date=30 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013354/http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/pdf/bills/k_edu_bl.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> was introduced in the [[Kerala]] assembly by Professor [[Joseph Mundasseri]], who was then the education minister for the first elected (1957) [[Communist Party of India]] government.<ref name="Raveendran">{{Cite book|author=Raveendran, P. P.|year=2002|title=Joseph Mundasseri|location=New Delhi|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=mU7zHtik0ZoC&pg=PA81 81]|isbn=978-81-260-1535-1}}</ref> This bill was aimed at eradicating the malpractices prevalent in the private sector educational institutes, and attempted to regulate the educational institutions' function, including standardizing syllabi and pay structures.<ref name="Tilak">{{Cite book|author=Mathew. A.|year=2003|chapter=Education in Kerala at Cross Roads: Some Critical Aspects|editor=Tilak, Jandhyala B. G.|title=Education, Society, and Development: National and International Perspectives|location=New Delhi|publisher=A.P.H. Pub. Corp. for National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration|pages=357–366, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Lxe0WeZ5R50C&pg=PA365 page 365]|isbn=978-81-7648-526-5}}</ref> The [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian church]] and [[Nair Service Society]], along with opposition parties, including [[Indian National Congress]], started the political struggle to overthrow the [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] government.<ref name="Guha">{{Cite book|author=Guha, Ramachandra|year=2011|title=India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy|location=London|publisher=Pan Macmillan|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8FKepYC6wzwC&pg=PA293 293]|isbn=978-0-330-39611-0}}</ref><ref name="Raveendran" />

The Education Bill sought to regulate appointments and conditions of teachers. Salaries of teachers were to be paid through the treasury. There was a provision of takeover of management of educational institutions, which arguably violated the constitution.<ref name="SCR-Das">''In the premises, they may, in our opinion, legitimately complain that so far as the grants under Art. 337 are concerned, the provisions of the clauses of the Bill mentioned in question 2 do in substance and effect infringe their fundamental rights under Art. 30(1) and are to that extent void.'' Paragraph 44 ''But no rule to be framed under clause 36(2)(c) can nullify the constitutional infirmity of clause 3(5) read with clause 20 which is calculated to infringe the fundamental rights of minority communities in respect of recognised schools to be established after the commencement of the said Bill.'' Paragraph 48{{Cite web|author=Das, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of India|title=In Re: The Kerala Education Bill, ... vs Unknown on 22 May, 1958|work=1959 1 SCR 995|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/161666/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114000342/http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/161666/|archivedate=14 November 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Rai, Udai Raj|year=2011|title=Fundamental Rights and Their Enforcement|location=New Delhi|publisher=PHI Learning|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sq5Hj5bcd-MC&pg=PA648 648–651]|isbn=978-81-203-4432-7}}</ref> Nevertheless, the Supreme Court rejected the appeal and the bill received the assent of the president of India.<ref name="Guha" />

Even though the Education Bill failed to pass{{Citation needed|date=June 2016}} through the Assembly,<ref name="Tilak" /> many of its provisions were later implemented by subsequent governments with amendments.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Indian Planning Commission|year=2008|title=Kerala Development Report|location=New Delhi|publisher=Academic Foundation|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ul-OkF5gUJQC&pg=PA63 63–64]|isbn=978-81-7188-594-7}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[http://firstministry.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/pdf/bills/k_edu_bl.pdf]
[[Category:Educational administration]]
[[Category:1950s in Kerala]]
[[Category:Education law in India]]
[[Category:Kerala state legislation]]
[[Category:Education in Kerala]]
[[Category:1958 in India]]

{{India-gov-stub}}
{{Kerala-stub}}
{{statute-stub}}

Avtar Singh Khanda

2026-03-23T02:29:31Z

TammieNeedham: put up a bio - done

{{Short description|Khalistani activist (died 2023)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024 }}
{{Use British English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Avtar Singh Khanda
| image = Photograph Sikh militant Avtar Singh Khanda.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Moga, Punjab]], India
| death_date = {{death date|df=y|2023|6|15}}
| death_place = [[City Hospital, Birmingham|City Hospital]], [[Birmingham]], England
| other_names =
| occupation = 9th [[Jathedar]] of [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Avtar Singh Khanda''' (died 15 June 2023) was a [[Sikh]] [[activist]] raised in [[Moga, Punjab]], India and living in the United Kingdom.

== Death and investigation ==
He died in [[City Hospital, Birmingham|City Hospital]], [[Birmingham]] on 15 June 2023, aged 35, following a diagnosis of [[acute myeloid leukemia]]. Doubts were raised about the circumstances of his death in light of allegations surrounding the involvement of the Indian government in the murder of [[Hardeep Singh Nijjar]], another [[Khalistan]]i separatist. Khanda's father Kulwant Singh Khukhrana, a well known Khalistani died when Avtar was a few years old.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kant |first1=Aditya |title=Who was Kulwant Singh Khukhrana, Avtar Singh Khanda's father? |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/who-was-kulwant-singh-khukhrana-avtar-singh-khandas-father-1503190311.html |website=The Statesman |access-date=June 15, 2023 |language=en |date=15 June 2023}}</ref> Widely reported attributed his decline, from apparent health to hospitalization and death within days, to poisoning. The [[West Midland Police]] concluded there were "no suspicious circumstances" surrounding his death. The Government of India has denied any involvement in his death.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.sky.com/story/thousands-to-attend-funeral-of-sikh-activist-but-not-one-family-member-will-be-present-12938108 | title=Thousands to attend funeral of Sikh activist - but not one family member will be present }}</ref><ref name="Kirchgaessner">{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/02/family-of-sikh-activist-calls-for-inquest-into-midlands-hospital-death | title=Family of Sikh activist calls for inquest into Midlands hospital death | newspaper=The Guardian | date=2 October 2023 | last1=Kirchgaessner | first1=Stephanie | last2=Sabbagh | first2=Dan }}</ref>

Khanda's family, represented by the barrister [[Michael Polak (barrister)|Michael Polak]], have called for an [[inquest]] to be held.<ref name="Kirchgaessner" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Khalistan movement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khanda, Avtar Singh}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Khalistan movement people]]
[[Category:Activists from Birmingham, West Midlands]]
[[Category:People from Moga, Punjab]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian Sikh religious leaders]]
[[Category:Activists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sikh terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Deaths from acute leukemia]]
[[Category:Death conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories in India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian criminals]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on terrorism charges]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by India]]
[[Category:1980s births]]

{{India-activist-stub}}

Ayesha Zeenath

2026-03-21T13:50:38Z

TammieNeedham:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aysha Zeenath
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Ayshath Zeenath Beevi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1997|06|6}}
| birth_place = [[Kasaragod]], Kerala, India
| education = M.O.P. Vaishnav College For Women, [[Chennai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/ayesha-zeenath-beevi.html#personal|title= Aysha Zeenath Education}}</ref>
| known =
| years_active = 2017{{ndash}}present
| occupation = Actress
| other_names = Ayesha
| awards =
| honours =
| known for = ''[[Sathya (Tamil TV series)|Sathya]]'' (2019-2021) ''[[Sathya 2]]'' (2021-2022) ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6)|Bigg Boss Season 6 – Tamil]]''
}}
'''Ayshath Zeenath Beevi''' (born 6 June 1997) is an Indian actress who primarily appears in [[Tamil language]] films and TV series. She began her TV career in Tamil through ''[[Ponmagal Vanthal (TV series)|Ponmagal Vanthal]]'' in 2018. She later appeared in the critically acclaimed TV serial ''[[Sathya (TV series)|Sathya]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/5-pictures-of-sathya-actress-ayesha-in-long-hair-that-will-leave-her-fans-stunned |title=5 pictures of Sathya actress Ayesha in long hair that will leave her fans stunned |date=19 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ayesha-if-i-do-films-my-roles-should-register-in-peoples-minds/articleshow/77266284.cms |title=Ayesha: If I do films, my roles should register in people's minds |newspaper=The Times of India |last1=Cr |first1=Sharanya}}</ref>

== Career==
She appeared as Sathya, a tomboy, opposite [[Vishnu (TV actor)|Vishnu]] as a lead in ''[[Sathya (TV series)]]'' 2019 - 2021 ''and [[Sathya 2|Sathya season 2]] a'' sequel from 2021 - 2022 in [[Zee Tamil]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sathya-tv-actress-ayesha-to-play-a-tomboy/articleshow/68256070.cms |title=Sathya: TV actress Ayesha to play a tomboy |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> The serial and the pair became critically acclaimed and liked among fans and viewers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/daily-soap-sathya-crosses-400-episodes-actress-ayesha-thanks-fans-for-the-support/articleshow/78429551.cms |title=Daily soap Sathya crosses 400 episodes; Actress Ayesha thanks fans for the support |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> It also gained her a massive popularity and won several awards for the role. Meanwhile, she was appeared as a contestant in the fashion-reality show ''Super Queen'' which also aired on [[Zee Tamil]] in 2021 where she emerged as the 2nd runner up of the show.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/exclusive-i-feel-fitness-is-not-all-about-gyming-and-running-but-ones-mental-strength-actress-ayesha-about-challenges-in-super-queen/articleshow/89241071.cms |title=Exclusive – I feel fitness is not all about gyming and running but one's mental strength: Actress Ayesha about challenges in Super Queen |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Then she participated in [[Star Vijay]] reality show [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 6|''Bigg Boss Tamil Season 6'']] 2022 and evicted on the day of 63.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/viral/ayesha-is-trending-on-twitter-no-not-the-tu-aaja-viral-girl-the-recent-trend-hints-to-big-boss |title='Ayesha' is trending on Twitter! No, not the 'Tu Aaja' viral girl, the recent trend hints at Bigg Boss}}</ref> Then she played the main lead opposite Nikhil Maliyakkal in ''Oorvasivo Rakshasivo'' as Durga/Vaishnavi which aired on [[Star Maa|Star maa]] in 2023 - 2024. Meanwhile, she participated in the same channel's show Kiraack Boys Khiladi Girls season 1 behalf of girls team and ended up as Runner-up. Later, she appeared on [[Disney+ Hotstar|Disney+Hotstar]] series as [[Advocate]] Chinmayi in ''[[Uppu Puli Kaaram]]'' a remake of the Korean series ''[[My Father Is Strange|My Father is Strange]]'' in 2024''.''

== Personal life ==
On 14 February 2023, Ayesha became engaged to Yogesh aka Yogi but broken off.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Bigg Boss Tamil' fame Ayesha and fashion photographer Haran Reddy get engaged |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-ayesha-and-fashion-photographer-haran-reddy-get-engaged/articleshow/97947407.cms |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== In the media ==
In 2020, Ayesha was ranked sixth by ''[[The Times of India]]'' in its listing of "10 most desirable women of Tamil television".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/ramya-pandian-to-chandini-tamilarasan-heres-a-look-at-2020s-top-10-most-desirable-women-of-tamil-tv/photostory/82934917.cms?picid=82935090 |title=Ramya Pandian to Chandini Tamilarasan: Here's a look at 2020's Top 10 most desirable women of Tamil TV |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2017 || ''Ready Steady Po Season 1'' || Contestant || [[Star Vijay]] || rowspan="4" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || 2 Episodes
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2018 || ''[[Maya (2018 TV series)|Maya]]'' || Rani Lakshmi Prabhavati & Darshini || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || Replaced Shwetha Hegde
|-
| ''[[Ponmagal Vanthal (TV series)|Ponmagal Vanthal]]'' || Rohini Selvam || rowspan="2" | [[Star Vijay]]
| Replaced by [[Meghna Vincent]]
|-
|''Enkitta Modhaadhe Season 1''
|Herself / Participant
|Along with Ponmagal Vandhaal Team
|-
| 2019–2020 || ''[[Savitramma Gari Abbayi]]''|| Nandhini || [[Star Maa]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2019–2021 || ''[[Sathya (TV series)|Sathya Season 1]]''|| Sathya (Rowdy Baby) || rowspan="7" | [[Zee Tamil]]|| rowspan="10" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
|2020|| ''[[Raja Magal]]''|| Sathya|| Special appearance
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 || ''[[Sembaruthi]]''|| Goddess [[Meenakshi]]||Cameo<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sembaruthi-iraa-agarwal-anjana-srinivas-devayani-and-other-actors-to-feature-as-nine-ammans-in-nava-devigalin-sangamam/articleshow/87508106.cms |title=Sembaruthi: Iraa Agarwal, Anjana Srinivas, Devayani and other actors to feature as nine Ammans in 'Nava Devigalin Sangamam' |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Super Queen''|| Contestant ||2nd Runner-up
|-
| 2021–2022 || ''[[Sathya 2|Sathya Season 2]]''|| Sathya (Rowdy Baby) & Nithya ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''Ninaithale Inikkum'' (Kadhal Sangamam) || rowspan="2" | Sathya || Cameo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VhRUzkd8W8|title=Kadhal Sangamam (காதல் சங்கமம்), Sunday at 1.30 PM only on Zee Tamil|website=[[YouTube]] |date=}}</ref>
|-
| ''Thavamai Thavamirundhu''||Cameo
|-
| 2022–2023 || ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6)|Bigg Boss Season 6 – Tamil]]'' || rowspan="2" | Contestant|| rowspan="3" | [[Star Vijay]] ||{{nowrap|Evicted Day 63 12th Place}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023 || ''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]''||
|-
| ''Bigg Boss Kondattam'' || Herself ||
|-
|''[[Idhayam (2023 TV series)|Idhayam]]''||Sathya || [[Zee tamil]] || Tamil || Cameo
|-
|2023-2024|| | ''[[Oorvasivo Rakshasivo (2023 TV series)|Oorvasivo Rakshasivo]]'' || Durga || [[Star Maa]] || Telugu ||Main lead<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGcIyiNP9uQ |title=Oorvasivo Rakshasivo - Promo {{!}} New Serial {{!}} Star Maa Serials {{!}} Coming Soon on Star Maa |date=12 November 2023 |publisher=Star Maa |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2024 || ''[[Start Music season 5]]'' || rowspan="2" | Herself / Participant ||[[Star Vijay]] || Tamil ||
|-
| 29 June 2024|| ''Kirrack Boys Khiladi Girls''|| [[Star Maa]] || Telugu||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/star-maas-new-show-kirrack-boys-khiladi-girls-launched-1308469|title=Star Maa's New Show Kirrack Boys Khiladi Girls Launched|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 June 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|15 September 2024 || ''[[Samayal Express]]''||Anchor||[[Zee Tamil]]||Tamil||
|-
| 12 October 2025|| ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss Telugu 9]]''|| Contestant|| [[Star Maa]] || Telugu|| Wildcard Entry
---- Walked Day 47
|}

==Filmography==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
|2025
|''[[Rambo (2025 film)|Rambo]]''
| Sadha || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |TBA
|''Dr. Bennat''
| rowspan="3" |TBA
| [[Malayalam]]
| rowspan="3" | Filming
|-
|''Lawyer''
| rowspan="2" | Tamil
|-
|''Moi Virundhu''
|-
|}

===Web Series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
|2024
|''[[Uppu Puli Kaaram]]''
|Chinmayi
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|Remake of Korean Drama
''[[My Father Is Strange]]''
|-
|2025
|''Thaara''
|Thaara
|
|}

===Short film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
|2022||''Thaaiku Pin Tharaam''||Swathi|| rowspan="2" |Tamil||
|-
|2023||''The Path''|| ||
|-
|2025||''Madras Malar''||Vaibhavi||Malayalam||
|}

===Independent singles===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Language
! Notes
|-
|2021||''Thaaiku Pin Tharaam''|| rowspan="4" |Tamil||
|-
|2023||''Ponnu Paarka Porom''||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025||''Kan Kaalagamal''||
|-
|''Kaadhal Kasakuthaiyya''||
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Award
!Category!! Show
!Outcome!! Notes
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019 || rowspan="4" | Zee Tamil Kudumbam Viruthugal 2019
|Best Actress || rowspan="4" | ''Sathya'' season 1
|{{Won}}||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee-tamil-kutumbam-viruthugal-2020-ayesha-shabana-shajahan-nakshathra-vote-now-for-your-favourite-actress |title=Zee Tamil Kutumbam Viruthugal 2020: Ayesha, Shabana Shajahan, Nakshathra, VOTE NOW For Your Favourite Actress |work=[[Zee5]]|access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
|Favourite Heroine
|{{Nominated}}
|
|-
|Best On- Screen Pair
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|Favourite On- Screen Pair
|{{Nominated}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|8185913}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zeenath, Ayesha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:1997 births]]

Jatakam

2026-03-19T00:08:00Z

TammieNeedham:

{{short description|1953 film by R. Nagendra Rao}}
{{No plot|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Jatakam poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster in Tamil
| director = [[R. Nagendra Rao]]
| screenplay = T. M. V. Pathi
| producer = R. Nagendra Rao
| starring = [[T. K. Balachandran]] Suryakala
| cinematography = Yoosuf Mulji
| editing = S. Surya
| music = [[R. Govardhanam]]
| studio = R. N. R. Pictures
| distributor = [[AVM Productions|AVM]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movies from AVM Productions |url=http://avm.in/movies.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420184235/http://avm.in/movies.html |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=22 June 2017 |website=[[AVM Productions]]}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1953|12|25|ref1=}}
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil Kannada Telugu
}}
'''''Jatakam''''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ɑː|ð|ə|ɡ|ə|m}} {{translation|Horoscope}}; also spelt '''''Jathakam''''') is a 1953 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[R. Nagendra Rao]]. The film stars [[T. K. Balachandran]] and Suryakala. It was simultaneously made in [[Kannada]] as '''''Jataka Phala''''' and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as '''''Jatakaphalam'''''. The film was released on 25 December 1953.<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1953 – ஜாதகம் – ஆர்.என்.ஆர். பிக்சர்ஸ் (த-தெ-க) |trans-title=1953 – Jatakam – R. N. R. Pictures (ta-te-ka) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1953-cinedetails37.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923004409/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1953-cinedetails37.asp |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=22 June 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Cast ==
List adapted from the film's song book<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/download/sok.Jathagam_R.NagendraRao_1953/130.%20Jathagam_R.NagendraRao_1953.pdf |title=ஜாதகம் |publisher=R. N. R. Pictures |year=1953 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=2022-07-18 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
* [[K. Sarangapani]] as Kandasami Kalingarayar
* [[R. Nagendra Rao]] as Chinnisami Thanjarayar
* [[T. K. Balachandran]] as Kanakasabai
* [[P. D. Sambandam]] as Somu
* Vikatan Krishnamoorthi as Dharmalingam
* N. S. Narayana Pillai as Doctor
* Ganapathi Bhat as Velu
;Supporting cast
S. G. Subbaiah, Kalyanam, C. V. Ramachandran
{{Col-break|width=33%}}
;Female cast
* [[K. R. Chellam]] as Kannammal
* K. N. Kamalam as Vetummal
* Kamala Bai as Ponnammal
* K. Suryakala as Lakshmi
* Kumari Lakshmi as Saraswathi
* K. S. Angamuthu as Meena
;Dance
* [[Kumari Kamala]]
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was simultaneously made in [[Kannada]] as ''Jataka Phala'' and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Jatakaphalam''.<ref name="glorious">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=3 October 1997 |title=Golden voice of a glorious era |url=https://kommu.tripod.com/articles/pbs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601110728/https://kommu.tripod.com/articles/pbs.html |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=27}}</ref> The film was produced and directed by [[R. Nagendra Rao]]. Screenplay and dialogues were written by T. M. V. Pathi. Yoosuf Mulji was in charge of cinematography while the editing was done by S. Surya. Art direction was by A. Balu. [[Vazhuvoor B. Ramaiyah Pillai]] and Jaishankar handled the choreography. The film was processed at [[AVM Productions|AVM]] laboratory.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by R. Govardhanam while the lyrics were penned by T. K. Sundara Vathiyar.<ref name="neelamegam">{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=64 |language=ta}}</ref> [[P. B. Sreenivas]] was introduced to Tamil films with the song ''Sindhanai En Selvame''.<ref name="glorious" />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Duration (m:ss)
|-
| "Eliyor Seiyum Izhivaana Thozhilai" || M. S. Rajeswari & P. Susheela ||
|-
| "Maadugal Maeithidum Paiyan" || rowspan=3|M. S. Rajeswari || 03:05
|-
| "Manadhil Pudhuvidha Inbam Kaanudhe" || 02:52
|-
| "Kulavum Yaazhisaiye" || 03:05
|-
| "Sindhanai En Selvame" || rowspan=2|P. B. Sreenivas || 03:21
|-
| "Mooda Nambikkaiyaale Pala Kaedu Vilaiyum" || 02:53
|-
| "Velan Varuvaanodi" || M. L. Vasanthakumari || 04:58
|-
| "Aandavan Namakku Alikkira'" || G. K. Venkatesh & A. G. Rathnamala || 02:56
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1953 Indian films]]
[[Category:1953 multilingual films]]
[[Category:1950s Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1953 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1953 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1953 comedy films]]
[[Category:1953 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. Govardhanam]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards

2026-03-16T05:57:27Z

TammieNeedham: New page

{{Short description|Indian Marathi-language media awards ceremony}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Award
| sponsor = Waman Hari Pethe Jewellers
| former name = Aapla Alpha Award
| image = Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards.jpg
| image_size =
| awarded_for = Excellence in soap opera and Television Arts
| presenter = [[Zee Marathi]]
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| country = India
| year = 2004
| year2 = 2025
| network = [[ZEE5]], [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
}}

'''''Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Award''''' ({{translation|Zee Marathi Festival of Relations Award}}) is an awards ceremony held yearly, sponsored by Waman Hari Pethe Jewellers and presented by [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-13|title=#TRP मीटर: राधिका आणि विक्रांत सरंजामेला 'याने' टाकलं मागे|url=http://www.ibnlokmat.tv/entertainment/updatetrp-meter-utsav-natyancha-number-one-316071.html|website=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr|archive-date=2022-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002104825/https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/photogallery/entertainment/updatetrp-meter-utsav-natyancha-number-one-316071.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-marathi-awards-nomination-event/385072/|title=थाटामाटात पार पडला 'झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्स २०१७' चा नामांकन सोहळा|date=2017-09-26|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref> This event is held in the month of October for each year and awards are given to the best entertainers for variety programs aired on its channel. The first awards ceremony held in 2004 which was formerly known as '''Aapla Alpha Award'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-awards-nomination-list-2021-1006852|title=झी मराठीच्या गौरव सोहळ्यात कोणते कलाकार आणि मालिकांना मिळालं नामांकन?|date=2021-10-08|website=[[ABP Majha]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/zee-marathi-awards-2019-nominations/|title=या मालिकांना मिळाले झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्सचे नॉमिनेशन, वाचा संपूर्ण यादी|website=[[Lokmat]]|date=2019-09-28|language=mr}}</ref>

==Ceremony==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Date !! Host !! Notes !! Ref.
|-
| 2004 || 14 August 2004 || Bharat Dabholkar || Received 7.5 TVRs ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/aug/aug245.htm|title=Alpha Marathi's Apla Alpha records 7.5 TVRs in Maharashtra|website=Indian Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/aug/aug115.htm|title=Alpha Marathi celebrates 5th birthday with Apla Alpha Awards|website=Indian Television}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || 13 August 2005 || [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dabur Vatika Zee Marathi Award 2005 recognises Marathi television talent|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/media-tv-news/dabur-vatika-zee-marathi-award-2005-recognises-marathi-television-talent-17333.html|date=2005-08-06|website=Exchange4media}}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || 12 August 2006 || [[Sanjay Mone]], [[Sumeet Raghavan]] || Received 1.9 TVTs ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 06/08/2006 to 12/08/2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019225842/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php4?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=06/08/2006&endperiod=12/08/2006|archive-date=2006-10-19|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php4?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=06/08/2006&endperiod=12/08/2006}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || 28 October 2007 || [[Pushkar Shrotri]], [[Prasad Oak]] || ||
|-
| 2008 || 31 August 2008 || [[Atul Parchure]], [[Sumeet Raghavan]] || ||
|-
| 2009 || 30 August 2009 || [[Nirmiti Sawant]], [[Pushkar Shrotri]] || ||
|-
| 2010 || 31 October 2010 || [[Sunil Barve]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-awards-2010-held-recently-with-a-grand-bash.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626094020/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-awards-2010-held-recently-with-a-grand-bash.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 June 2021|title=Zee Marathi Awards – 2010, held recently with a grand bash!|website=Essel News Letter}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || 9 October 2011 || [[Pushkar Shrotri]], [[Jitendra Joshi]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-zee-marathi-awards-function-2011-2438008.html|title='झी मराठी पुरस्कार सोहळा': 'पिंजरा' मालिकेस सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार|date=2011-10-09|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2012 || 28 October 2012 || [[Atul Parchure]], [[Sumeet Raghavan]] || ||
|-
| 2013 || 27 October 2013 || [[Hrishikesh Joshi]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-zee-marathi-awards-2013-4407426-pho.html|title=सर्वोत्कृष्ट जोडीचा मान जान्हवी-श्रीला, मंजिरी ठरली सर्वोत्कृष्ट सून|date=2013-10-28|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || 26 October 2014 || [[Sumeet Raghavan]], [[Priyadarshan Jadhav]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/zee-marathi-awards-2014-winners-list-1030095/|title='झी मराठी पुरस्कार २०१४'चे मानकरी|date=2014-10-10|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 1 November 2015 || [[Pushkaraj Chirputkar]], [[Amey Wagh]] || Received 3.7 TVTs gaining first position ||<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ka Re Durava shines at Zee Marathi awards - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/Ka-Re-Durava-shines-at-Zee-Marathi-awards/articleshow/49453403.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2015-10-19}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || 23 October 2016 || [[Vaibhav Mangle]] || Received 3.5 TVTs gaining first position ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/full-list-of-zee-marathi-award-2016-winners-1319777/|title='झी मराठी पुरस्कार २०१६' विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी|date=2016-10-17|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-24|title=Kahe Diya Pardes bags 11 awards - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/kahe-diya-pardes-bags-11-awards/articleshow/55036566.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || 15 October 2017 || [[Sanjay Mone]], [[Atul Parchure]] || Received 5.5 TVTs gaining third position ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/zee-marathi-awards-2017-winners-lagira-zhala-jee-grabs-10-awards-1567407/|title=झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्सवर 'लागिरं झालं जी'ची ठसठशीत मोहोर|date=2017-10-10|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || 28 October 2018 || [[Sanjay Mone]], [[Abhijeet Khandkekar]] || Received 8.0 TVTs gaining first position ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/zee-marathi-awards-2018-winners/|title=तुला पाहते रे ही मालिका झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्समध्ये ठरली सर्वोत्कृष्ट, जाणून घ्या कोणाला मिळाला सर्वोत्कृष्ट नायक आणि नायिकेचा पुरस्कार|date=2018-10-29|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/zee-marathi-awards-2018-winner-list/449068|title=झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्स २०१८ च्या पुरस्कारांची यादी|date=2018-10-29|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || 20 October 2019 || Zee Marathi family members || Received 5.8 TVRs ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/zee-marathi-awards-2019-full-list-of-winners-ssv-92-1992408/|title='झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्स २०१९'चा दैदिप्यमान सोहळा|date=2019-10-14|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-10-12|language=mr|title=या मालिकेने मारली झी मराठी अवॉर्ड्समध्ये बाजी, नुकतीच सुरू झालीय ही मालिका|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/agabai-sasubai-and-ratris-khel-chale-2-receives-maximum-awards-zee-marathi-awards-2019/|website=[[Lokmat]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2020-21 || 28 March and 4 April 2021 || [[Shashank Ketkar]], Kiran Gaikwad || Received 3.4 TVRs ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-awards-2020-21-part-2-full-winners-list-431569.html|title='माझा होशील ना' अव्वल, सईचा डबल धमाका, ओम-देवमाणूसचाही सन्मान|date=2021-04-05|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/marathi-movies/news/zee-marathi-awards-2021-winners-list-out-majha-hoshil-na-devmanus-bag-the-top-honours-312135.html|title=Zee Marathi Awards 2021 Winners List Out! Majha Hoshil Na, Devmanus Bag The Top Honours|access-date=2023-10-31|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || 30 October 2021 || Anvita Phaltankar, Shalva Kinjawadekar || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-awards-2021-yeu-kashi-tashi-me-nandayla-and-majhi-tuzi-reshimgath-wins-more-awards-570248.html/amp|title='येऊ कशी तशी मी नांदायला' आणि 'माझी तुझी रेशीमगाठ'ची धूम, अनेक पुरस्कारांवर कोरले नाव!|date=2021-11-02|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-31|title=Zee Marathi Awards 2021 Winners List Out! Mazhi Tuzhi Reshimgaath & Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla Win Big|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/marathi-movies/news/zee-marathi-awards-2021-winners-list-out-mazhi-tuzhi-reshimgaath-yeu-kashi-tashi-me-nandayla-win-big-323765.html|website=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || 15 October 2022 || [[Sumeet Raghavan]], [[Amey Wagh]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/zee-marathi-awards-2022-winner-list-mazi-tuzi-reshimgath-tu-tevha-tashi/articleshow/94891833.cms|title='माझी तुझी रेशीमगाठ' ने पुन्हा गाजवले झी मराठी अवॉर्ड; वाचा विजेत्यांची यादी|date=2022-10-15|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=झी पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात 'माझी तुझी रेशीमगाठ'चा बोलबाला, पाहा खास फोटो|url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/3195479/photos-marathi-serial-mazi-tuzi-reshigath-won-many-awards-in-zee-marathi-award-show-spg-93/|website=[[Loksatta]]|date=2022-10-16|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || 4 November 2023 || Hrishikesh Shelar, Shivani Rangole || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/zee-marathi-award-2023-tula-shikvin-changlach-dhada-won-best-serial-best-hero-and-best-heroin-award-check-list-here/articleshow/104978073.cms|title=सर्वोत्कृष्ट नायक, नायिका ते बेस्ट सीरियल... झी मराठी अवॉर्ड सोहळ्यात या मालिकेचीच हवा|access-date=2023-11-04|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-awards-2023-who-won-best-serial-actress-and-actor-here-is-the-full-list-of-award-winners-sva-00-4028863/|title='झी मराठी' पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात 'या' मालिकेने मारली बाजी! सर्वोत्कृष्ट जोडी, नायक-नायिका आहेत|access-date=2023-11-04|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || 26-27 October 2024 || Sankarshan Karhade, [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] || Received 3.9 TVRs ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/aj-from-navari-mile-hitlerla-won-best-son-in-law-and-best-serial-award-goes-to-paaru-read-zee-marathi-award-2024-winners-list-here-psn14|title='या' मालिकेने जिंकले सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार तर अक्षरा अधिपतीचा झाला हिरमोड, वाचा 'झी मराठी अवॉर्ड २०२४'च्या विजेत्यांची नावं|access-date=2024-10-28|website=[[Sakal]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || 11-12 October 2025 || [[Abhijeet Khandkekar]], [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] || Received 2.3 TVRs ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-awards-2025-full-winners-list-lakshmi-niwas-serial-wins-maximum-awars-savali-is-best-actress-read-full-list-sva-00-5439002/|title=सर्वोत्कृष्ट जोडी भावना-सिद्धू! लोकप्रिय नायक-नायिका ठरले…; ‘लक्ष्मी निवास’ने मारली बाजी, वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी|access-date=2025-10-12|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-awards-show-and-star-pravah-dhinchak-diwali-2025-which-show-wins-in-trp-game-sva-00-5469514/lite/|title=‘झी मराठी’चा पुरस्कार सोहळा की ‘स्टार प्रवाह’चा ढिंचॅक दिवाळी कार्यक्रम? TRP मध्ये कोणी मारली बाजी? वाचा|website=[[Loksatta]]|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
|-
| Ugach || 28 December 2025 || [[Nilesh Sable]], [[Bhalchandra Kadam]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/5605227/kamali-to-tarini-know-which-serial-got-which-award-in-zee-marathi-ugach-awards-2025-nsp-98/|title=‘कमळी’ ते ‘तारिणी’; झी मराठीच्या ‘उगाच अवॉर्ड’मध्ये सर्वोत्कृष्ट कानाखाली जाळ अवॉर्ड कोणाला मिळाला?|access-date=29 December 2025|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/bollywood/zee-marathi-ugach-awards-2025-lakshmi-niwas-kamali-tarini-devmanus-serials-nilesh-sable-and-bhau-kadam-nsp-98-5603882/|title=‘माझा छकुला’ ते ‘झोलर’ अवॉर्ड; झी मराठीच्या ‘उगाच अवॉर्ड’मध्ये कलाकारांना कोणकोणते मिळाले पुरस्कार? वाचा यादी…|access-date=2025-12-29|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==2004==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| Ghadlay Bighadlay
|-
| Best Family
| Tipre Family
| [[Shriyut Gangadhar Tipre]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Gangadhar Tipre (Aaba)
| [[Shriyut Gangadhar Tipre]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Avantika Dixit
| [[Avantika (TV series)|Avantika]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Padmini-Shrikant
| Bandhan
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Devram Khandagale
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Vishakha Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Saibaba
| Saibaba
|-
| Best Character Female
| Rama Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Supporting Character
| Salil Dixit
| [[Avantika (TV series)|Avantika]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| Mohan Ajgaonkar
| Saheb Bibi Ani Me
|-
| Best Child Character
| Jui Nerurkar
| [[Avantika (TV series)|Avantika]]
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Jitendra Joshi]]
| Campus: A Fair War
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| Sampada Joglekar
| Namaskar Alpha
|-
| Best Father
| Aaba Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Shyamala Tipre
| [[Shriyut Gangadhar Tipre]]
|-
| Best Comedy Series
|
| Hasa Chakat Fu
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| Goodmorning Maharashtra
|-
| Best Discursive Show
|
| Aamne Samne
|-
| Best Event
|
| Nakshatranche Dene
|}

==2005==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Family
| Chaudhari Family
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Aaba Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Rama Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Aaba-Sulakshana
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Devram Khandagale
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Kalyani Patwardhan
| [[Adhuri Ek Kahani]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Jaysingh Rajput
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Rama Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Samar Ajinkya
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Shravani Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| Mohan Ajgaonkar
| Saheb Bibi Ani Me
|-
| rowspan="2"|Best Child Character
| Raj
| Misha
|-
| Chirag
| Ankur
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| Rani Gunaji & Rujuta Deshmukh
| Manasi Tumchya Ghari
|-
| Best Father
| Aaba Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Sulakshana Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Newcomer
| Sagar Sardesai
| Oon Paaus
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Discursive Show
|
| Aamne Samne
|-
| Best Event
|
| Nakshatranche Dene
|}

==2006==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| Oon Paaus
|-
| Best Family
| Chaudhari Family
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Sagar Sardesai
| Oon Paaus
|-
| Best Actress
| Mukta Sardesai
| Oon Paaus
|-
| Best Couple
| Sagar-Mukta
| Oon Paaus
|-
| Best Siblings
| Asawari-Antara
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Devram Khandagale
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Kalyani Patwardhan
| [[Adhuri Ek Kahani]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Abhay Adhikari
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Rama Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Mayuresh Adhikari
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Janhavi Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| Chakor
| Asa Mi Tasa Mi
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Saumitra
| Oon Paaus
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| Rani Gunaji
| Manasi Tumchya Ghari
|-
| Best Father
| Aaba Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Sulakshana Chaudhari
| [[Vadalvaat]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Discursive Show
|
| Zee News Marathi
|-
| Best Event
|
| Nakshatranche Dene
|}

==2007==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Family
| Shastri Family
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Harshvardhan Bhosale
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Sarita Adhikari
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Abhay-Sarita
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Adinath-Priya
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Sopan Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Sulekha Raut
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Dinanath Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Asawari Bhosale
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Mayuresh Adhikari
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Neha Kirloskar
| [[Vahinisaheb]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Prathamesh Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Mangesh Kulkarni
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| [[Pallavi Joshi]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Judge
| [[Devaki Pandit]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Father
| Raghunath Mohite
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Sarita Adhikari
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Event
|
| Nakshatranche Dene
|}

==2008==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| Kalat Nakalat
|-
| Best Family
| Adhikari Family
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Harshvardhan Bhosale
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Bhairavi Kirloskar
| [[Vahinisaheb]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Gaurav-Madhura
| Kalat Nakalat
|-
| Best Siblings
| Adinath-Priya
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Sopan Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Sulekha Raut
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Dinanath Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Asawari Bhosale
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Sachin Mhatre
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Priya Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Ashwini Shende
| Kalat Nakalat
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| [[Pallavi Joshi]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Judge
| [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]
| [[Eka Peksha Ek]]
|-
| Best Father
| Abhay Adhikari
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Sarita Adhikari
| [[Ya Sukhano Ya]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Event
|
| [[Eka Peksha Ek]] Grand Finale
|}

==2009==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Family
| Shastri Family
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Vikramaditya Rajeshirke
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Devyani Deshmukh
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Devyani-Vikramaditya
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Devyani-Sakshi
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Ranveer Rajeshirke
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Sulekha Raut
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Damodar Deshmukh
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Asawari Bhosale
| [[Avaghachi Sansar]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Inspector Vazalvar
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Godavari
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Ashwini Shende
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| [[Pallavi Joshi]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]
|-
| Best Judge
| [[Avadhoot Gupte]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]
|-
| Best Father
| Dinanath Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Vasudha Shastri
| [[Asambhav (TV series)|Asambhav]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| Kamana Kamtekar
| Constable Kamana Kamtekar
|-
| Best Comedy Show
|
| Malwani Days
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]
|-
| Best Event
|
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]] Grand Finale
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Devyani Deshmukh
| [[Kulvadhu (TV series)|Kulvadhu]]
|}

==2010==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Family
| Pendse Family
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Abhijeet Pendse
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Janaki Killedar
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Abhijeet-Shamika
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Janaki-Ganesh
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Parshuram Killedar
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Kamini Mohite
| Bhagyalaxmi
|-
| Best Character Male
| Bappaji
| Bhagyalaxmi
|-
| Best Character Female
| Krishna Killedar
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Padmakar Waknis
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Radhika
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Newcomer Male
| Abhijeet Pendse
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Newcomer Female
| Shamika Pendse
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Nilesh Sable]]
| [[Fu Bai Fu]]
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| [[Renuka Shahane]]
| Yala Jeevan Aise Naav
|-
| Best Judge
| [[Avadhoot Gupte]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Father
| Narsingh Killedar
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Vibhavari Pendse
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| Malak
| Shubham Karoti
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Ashwini Shende
| [[Maziya Priyala Preet Kalena]]
|-
| Best Reality Show
|
| [[Fu Bai Fu]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| Sade Made Teen
|-
| Best Event
|
| [[Zee Marathi Awards 2009]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Janaki Killedar
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|}

==2011==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Pinjara (TV series)|Pinjara]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Marathi Paaul Padte Pudhe]]
|-
| Best Family
| Killedar Family
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Virendra Deshmukh
| [[Pinjara (TV series)|Pinjara]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Nayana Banarase
| [[Guntata Hriday He]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Veer-Anandi
| [[Pinjara (TV series)|Pinjara]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Janaki-Ganesh
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Tatya Deshmukh
| [[Pinjara (TV series)|Pinjara]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Akka Deshmukh
| [[Pinjara (TV series)|Pinjara]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Mayank Banarase
| [[Guntata Hriday He]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Janaki Killedar
| [[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Vishwas Banarase
| [[Guntata Hriday He]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Shalini Deshmukh
| [[Pinjara (TV series)|Pinjara]]
|-
| Best Anchor Male
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Best Anchor Female
| [[Priya Bapat]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Judge
| [[Ajay-Atul]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Father
| Machhindra Deshmukh
| [[Pinjara (TV series)|Pinjara]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Nayana Banarase
| [[Guntata Hriday He]]
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Shrirang Godbole
| [[Marathi Paaul Padte Pudhe]]
|-
| Best Reality Show
|
| [[Marathi Paaul Padte Pudhe]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Anjali Salgaonkar
| Ekach Hya Janmi Janu
|}

==2012==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Family
| Ranade Family
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Satyajeet Mudholkar
| [[Tu Tithe Me]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Manjiri Mudholkar
| [[Tu Tithe Me]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Rama-Mahadev
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Negative Character
| Priya Mohite
| [[Tu Tithe Me]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Mahadev Ranade
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Ramabai Ranade
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Pandu
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Subhadra Ranade
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Judge Male
| [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]
| [[Eka Peksha Ek]]
|-
| Best Judge Female
| [[Urmila Matondkar]]
| [[Marathi Paaul Padte Pudhe]]
|-
| rowspan="2"| Best Anchor
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| [[Makarand Anaspure]]
| [[Hapta Band]]
|-
| Best Father
| Govind Ranade
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Maai Ranade
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Gayatri Ratnaparkhi
| [[Mala Sasu Havi]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Manjiri Mudholkar
| [[Tu Tithe Me]]
|-
| Best Reality Show
|
| [[Fu Bai Fu]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Ramabai Ranade
| [[Unch Majha Zoka]]
|}

==2013==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Radha Hi Bawari]]
|-
| Best Family
| Gokhale Family
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Shrirang Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Janhavi Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Shree-Janhavi
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Dada Holkar
| [[Tu Tithe Me]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Shashikala Sahastrabuddhe
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Satyajeet Mudholkar
| [[Tu Tithe Me]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Seema Dharmadhikari
| [[Radha Hi Bawari]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Sadanand Borkar
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Abhilasha Ratnaparkhi
| [[Mala Sasu Havi]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Ballal & Birju Pathak
| [[Shejari Shejari Pakke Shejari]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Sharayu Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|Best Anchor
| [[Aadesh Bandekar]]
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Vijay Kelkar
| [[Vedh Bhavishyacha]]
|-
| Best Judge
| [[Swapnil Joshi]]
| [[Fu Bai Fu]]
|-
| Best Father
| Sadashiv Sahastrabuddhe
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Narmada Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Madhukar Dharmadhikari
| [[Radha Hi Bawari]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Janhavi's six Mother-in-laws
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Manjiri Mudholkar
| [[Tu Tithe Me]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Fu Bai Fu]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Radha Dharmadhikari
| [[Radha Hi Bawari]]
|}

==2014==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Jai Malhar]]
|-
| Best Family
| Desai Family
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Aditya Desai
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Janhavi Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Shree-Janhavi
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Aditya-Amit-Archana
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Negative Character
| Shashikala Sahastrabuddhe
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Hegdi Pradhan
| [[Jai Malhar]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Asmita Agnihotri
| [[Asmita (TV series)|Asmita]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Mahalakshmi
| [[Jai Malhar]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Laxmikant Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| Suresh Kudalkar
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| [[Nilesh Sable]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Judge
| [[Avadhoot Gupte]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi]]
|-
| Best Father
| Nana Desai
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Maai Desai
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Nana Desai
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Maai Desai
| [[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Janhavi Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Home Minister (TV series)|Home Minister]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Aditi Khanolkar
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|}

==2015==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]]
|-
| Best Family
| Majghar Family
| [[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Khandoba
| [[Jai Malhar]]
|-
| rowspan="2"| Best Actress
| Mhalsa
| rowspan="2"| [[Jai Malhar]]
|-
| Banai
|-
| Best Couple
| Jay-Aditi
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Reshma-Ashutosh
| [[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]]
|-
| Best Negative Character
| Shashikala Sahastrabuddhe
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Dinanath Ketkar
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Bhagirathi Gokhale
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Arvind Kadam
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Aau Deo
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| [[Bhalchandra Kadam]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| [[Nilesh Sable]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Father
| Dinanath Ketkar
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Mrs. Ketkar
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Parshuram Khanolkar
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Janhavi's six Mother-in-laws
| [[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Aditi Khanolkar
| [[Ka Re Durava]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Swanandi Deshpande
| [[Nanda Saukhya Bhare]]
|}

==2016==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Khulta Kali Khulena]]
|-
| Best Family
| Sawant Family
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Shivkumar Shukla
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Gauri Shukla
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Shiv-Gauri
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Nachiket-Gauri
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Negative Character
| Shanaya Sabnis
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Pandu
| [[Ratris Khel Chale]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Parvati Dalvi
| [[Khulta Kali Khulena]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Narad
| [[Jai Malhar]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Mahalakshmi
| [[Jai Malhar]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| [[Bhalchandra Kadam]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| [[Nilesh Sable]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Father
| Madhusudan Sawant
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Radhika Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Madhusudan Sawant
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Aaji
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Gauri Shukla
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Gauri Shukla
| [[Kahe Diya Pardes]]
|}

==2017==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| rowspan="2"| Best Series
| rowspan="2"|
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Family
| Gaikwad Family
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Ranvijay Gaikwad
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Sheetal Pawar
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Ajinkya-Sheetal
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Rana-Suraj
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Gurunath Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Shanaya Sabnis
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Rahul Tate
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Radhika Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Vikram Raut
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Jayshri Bhoite
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| [[Bhalchandra Kadam]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| [[Nilesh Sable]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Father
| Surendra Pawar
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Godakka
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Pratap Gaikwad
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Sarita Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Anjali Gaikwad
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Grandmother
| Jiji Bhoite
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Dhruv Pawar
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Anjali Gaikwad
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|}

==2018==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Best Family
| Nimkar Family
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Vikrant Saranjame
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Radhika Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Rana-Anjali
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Rana-Suraj
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Harshvardhan Deshmukh
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Nandita Gaikwad
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Arun Nimkar
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Radhika Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Barkat
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Revati Gupte
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Comedy Character
| Rahul Tate
| [[Lagira Zala Ji]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| Sankarshan Karhade
| [[Aamhi Saare Khavayye]]
|-
| Best Father
| Arun Nimkar
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Pushpa Nimkar
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Vasant Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Sarita Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Anjali Gaikwad
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Ladoo
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Isha Nimkar
| [[Tula Pahate Re]]
|-
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| [[Ashok Patki]]
|
|}

==2019==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Family
| Kulkarni Family
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Mohan Ashtaputre
| [[Bhago Mohan Pyare]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Suman Mantri-Patil
| [[Mrs. Mukhyamantri]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Abhijeet-Asawari
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Baban-Sumi
| [[Mrs. Mukhyamantri]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Anna Naik
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Vatsala Naik
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Anna Naik
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Kumudini Patankar
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Chontya
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Chhaya Naik
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 2]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Mohan Ashtaputre
| [[Bhago Mohan Pyare]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Mandodari Parab
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Father
| Vasant Subhedar
| [[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Asawari Kulkarni
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Dattatray Kulkarni
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Asawari Kulkarni
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Asawari Kulkarni
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Ladoo
| [[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| Ram Ram Maharashtra
|-
| Special Striking Face
| [[Shreya Bugde]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| [[Ravi Patwardhan]]
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|}

==2020-21==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Family
| Brahme Family
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Omkar Khanvilkar
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Sai Kashyap
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Sai-Aditya
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Brahme Boys
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Ajitkumar Dev
| [[Devmanus]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Malvika Khanvilkar
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Ajitkumar Dev
| [[Devmanus]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Saru Patil
| [[Devmanus]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Shashikant Birajdar
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Suman Salvi
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Shubhankar Patil
| [[Devmanus]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Saru Patil
| [[Devmanus]]
|-
| Best Father
| Vasant Salvi
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Shakuntala Khanvilkar
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Sai's five father-in-laws
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Asawari Raje
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Shubhra Kulkarni
| [[Aggabai Sasubai]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Manasi Desai
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|-
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| Vinayak Brahme
| [[Majha Hoshil Na]]
|}

==2021==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Family
| Deshmukh Family
| [[Tujhya Majhya Sansarala Aani Kay Hava!]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Yashwardhan Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Neha Kamat
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Indra-Deepu
| [[Man Udu Udu Jhala]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Sweetu-Chinya
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Anna Naik
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 3]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Malvika Khanvilkar
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Sameer
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Aruna Naik
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Sayaji
| [[Ratris Khel Chale 3]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Sumitra Deshmukh
| [[Tujhya Majhya Sansarala Aani Kay Hava!]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Sameer
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Shefali
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Father
| Manohar Deshpande
| [[Man Udu Udu Jhala]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Neha Kamat
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Vasant Salvi
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Shankuntala Khanvilkar
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Avani Parab (Sweetu)
| [[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]
|-
| Best Grandfather
| Jagannath Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Grandmother
| Bayobai Deshmukh
| [[Tujhya Majhya Sansarala Aani Kay Hava!]]
|-
| Best Friends
| Yash-Sameer
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Pari Kamat
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Neha Kamat
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| Jagannath Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Trending Actor
| Indrajeet Salgaonkar
| [[Man Udu Udu Jhala]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Trending Actress
| Deepika Deshpande
| [[Man Udu Udu Jhala]]
|}

==2022==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Nava Gadi Nava Rajya]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Family
| Chaudhari Family
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Saurabh Patwardhan
| [[Tu Tevha Tashi]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Ashwini Waghmare
| [[Tu Chal Pudha]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Yash-Neha
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Saurabh-Sachin
| [[Tu Tevha Tashi]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Akash Joshi
| [[Tu Tevha Tashi]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Simmy Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Sameer
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Kunda Ranade
| [[Tu Tevha Tashi]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Vishwajeet Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Radha Joshi
| [[Tu Tevha Tashi]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Sameer
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Shefali
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Father
| Raghav Karnik
| [[Nava Gadi Nava Rajya]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Neha Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Jagannath Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Mithila Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Neha Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Grandfather
| Jagannath Chaudhari
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Grandmother
| Aruna Naik
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Friends
| Yash-Sameer
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Pari Kamat
| [[Majhi Tujhi Reshimgath]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| Sankarshan Karhade
| [[Aamhi Saare Khavayye]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Anandi Karnik
| [[Nava Gadi Nava Rajya]]
|-
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| Rama Joshi
| [[Tu Tevha Tashi]]
|}

==2023==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Title Song
|
| [[Tu Chal Pudha]]
|-
| Best Family
| Khot Family
| [[Saara Kahi Tichyasathi]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Adhipati Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Akshara Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Adhipati-Akshara
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Ovi-Nishi
| [[Saara Kahi Tichyasathi]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Sankalp Dhobale
| [[Appi Aamchi Collector]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Bhuvaneshwari Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Raghunath Khot
| [[Saara Kahi Tichyasathi]]
|-
| Best Character Female
| Bhuvaneshwari Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Bhalchandra Kulkarni
| [[Satvya Mulichi Satavi Mulgi]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Mayuri Waghmare
| [[Tu Chal Pudha]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Satyabodh Phulpagare
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Falguni Rajadhyaksh
| [[Satvya Mulichi Satavi Mulgi]]
|-
| Best Father
| Raghunath Khot
| [[Saara Kahi Tichyasathi]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Uma Khot
| [[Saara Kahi Tichyasathi]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Prakash Waghmare
| [[Tu Chal Pudha]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Sulakshana Karnik
| [[Nava Gadi Nava Rajya]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Uma Khot
| [[Saara Kahi Tichyasathi]]
|-
| Best Son-in-law
| Adhipati Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Grandfather
| Purushottam Patkar
| [[Nava Gadi Nava Rajya]]
|-
| Best Grandmother
| Aaji
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Friends
| Netra-Falguni
| [[Satvya Mulichi Satavi Mulgi]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Reva Karnik (Chingi)
| [[Nava Gadi Nava Rajya]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Best Anchor
| [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]]
| [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Akshara Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|}

==2024==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Family
| Kirloskar Family
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Aditya Kirloskar
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Shivani Desai
| [[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Abhiram-Leela
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Best Brother
| Suryakant Jagtap
| [[Lakhat Ek Aamcha Dada]]
|-
| Best Sister
| Surya's four sisters
| [[Lakhat Ek Aamcha Dada]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Jalindar Nimbalkar
| [[Lakhat Ek Aamcha Dada]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Bhuvaneshwari Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Chandan Shrungarpure
| [[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Damini Kirloskar
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Pritam Kirloskar
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Durga Jahagirdar
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Best Father
| Akash Thakur
| [[Punha Kartavya Aahe]]
|-
| Best Mother
| Ahilya Kirloskar
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Ramchandra Desai
| [[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Leela Jahagirdar
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Best Son-in-law
| Abhiram Jahagirdar
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Leela Jahagirdar
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Best Grandmother
| Janabai Patil
| [[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]
|-
| Best Child Character
| Amol Kadam
| [[Appi Aamchi Collector]]
|-
| Best Friends
| Pana Gang
| [[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]
|-
| Best Son
| Adhipati Suryavanshi
| [[Tula Shikvin Changlach Dhada]]
|-
| Best Daughter
| Parvati Semse
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Popular Couple
| Arjun-Aparna
| [[Appi Aamchi Collector]]
|-
| Popular Actor
| Abhiram Jahagirdar
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Popular Actress
| Aparna Kadam
| [[Appi Aamchi Collector]]
|-
| Popular Family
| Jahagirdar Family
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Popular Series
|
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Favourite Actor
| Ashutosh Desai
| [[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Favourite Actress
| Parvati Semse
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Favourite Series
|
| [[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Leela Jahagirdar
| [[Navri Mile Hitlerla]]
|-
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| [[Shrirang Godbole]]
|
|}

==2025==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Series
|
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| Best Family
| Mehendale Family
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| Best Actor
| Siddhiraj Gade-Patil
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Actress
| Savali Mehendale
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| Best Couple
| Siddhu-Bhavana
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Siblings
| Venky-Bhavana-Janhavi
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Character Male
| Jagannath Shastri
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| Best Negative Actor
| Gopal Deshmukh
| [[Devmanus|Devmanus – Madhala Adhyay]]
|-
| Best Negative Actress
| Kamini Mahajan
| Kamali
|-
| Best Comedy Actor
| Jitya
| [[Devmanus|Devmanus – Madhala Adhyay]]
|-
| Best Comedy Actress
| Jayanti Bhagwat
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Vishwa Deshmukh
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Renuka Gade-Patil
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Father
| Atharva Rampure
| Tula Japnar Aahe
|-
| Best Mother
| Meera / Ambika Rampure
| Tula Japnar Aahe
|-
| Best Father-in-law
| Shriniwas Dalvi
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Mother-in-law
| Lakshmi Dalvi
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Son-in-law
| Siddhiraj Gade-Patil
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Daughter-in-law
| Veena Dalvi
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Grandmother
| Annapurna Mahajan
| Kamali
|-
| Best Child Character
| Anandi Gade-Patil
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Friends
| Lakshmi-Siddhu
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Son
| Aditya Kirloskar
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Daughter
| Parvati Semse
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Non-fiction Show
|
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| rowspan="2"| Best Anchor
| [[Abhijeet Khandkekar]]
| [[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]
|-
| Sankarshan Karhade
| [[Aamhi Saare Khavayye]]
|-
| Popular Couple
| Jayant-Janhavi
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Popular Actor
| Sarang Mehendale
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| Popular Actress
| Kamali Mohite
| Kamali
|-
| Popular Family
| Dalvi Family
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Popular Series
|
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Favourite Actor
| Jayant Kanitkar
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Favourite Actress
| Bhavana Gade-Patil
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Favourite Couple
| Sarang-Savali
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Watched Series
|
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| ZEE5 Most Favourite Series
|
| Kamali
|-
| Special Striking Face
| Meera Rampure
| Tula Japnar Aahe
|-
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| [[Girish Oak]]
| [[Lakhat Ek Aamcha Dada]]
|}

==Ugach==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Category
! Winner
! Series
|-
| Best Lagna Vighna
|
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Lotpot Scene
|
| [[Tarini (Marathi TV series)|Tarini]]
|-
| Best Dhishum Dhishum
| Siddhiraj Gade-Patil
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Kadepeti
| Nilambari Gade-Patil
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Iluilu
| Siddhu-Bhavana
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Zolar
| Santosh Dalvi
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Radubai
| Lakshmi Dalvi
| [[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]
|-
| Best Chabuk Dialogue
| Martand Jamkar
| [[Devmanus|Devmanus – Madhala Adhyay]]
|-
| Best Maza Chakula
| rowspan="2"| Aditya Kirloskar
| rowspan="2"| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Yeh Catch Nahi Match Hai
|-
| Best Natta-Patta
| Parvati Kirloskar
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Bhapav
| Damini Kirloskar
| [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]]
|-
| Best Loveship
| Sarang Mehendale
| [[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]
|-
| Best Kanakhali Jaal
| Kamali Mohite
| Kamali
|-
| Gaurav Jeevanacha, Aata Tari Thambnyacha
| Anika Mahajan
| Kamali
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/zee-marathi-utsav-natyancha-award-2024/0-6-4z5636207 ''Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Award''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Zee Marathi Programmes}}

[[Category:Indian television awards]]

Liturgy of Saint James

2026-03-15T10:21:17Z

TammieNeedham:

{{Short description|Eastern Christian liturgy}}
The '''Liturgy of Saint James''' is a form of [[Christian liturgy]] used by some [[Eastern Christian]]s of the [[Byzantine rite]] and [[West Syriac Rite]]. It is developed from an ancient Egyptian form of the Basilean anaphoric family, and is influenced by the traditions of the rite of the [[Early bishops of Jerusalem#Bishops of Jerusalem|Church of Jerusalem]], as the ''Mystagogic Catecheses'' of [[Cyril of Jerusalem]] imply. It became the primary Divine Liturgy in the [[Church of Antioch]] and Church of Jerusalem in the early fifth century, soon becoming supplanted by the liturgies of [[Liturgy of Saint Basil|Saint Basil]] and [[Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom|Saint John Chrysostom]].<ref name="Witvliet">{{cite book |last1=Witvliet |first1=John |editor1-last=Bradshaw |editor1-first=Paul F. |editor1-link=Paul F. Bradshaw |title=Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers |date=1997 |publisher=Liturgical Press |isbn=978-0-8146-6350-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3lT4DQAAQBAJ |language=en |chapter=The Anaphora of Saint James}}</ref> It is still the principal liturgy of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], the [[Maronite Church]], the [[Syriac Catholic Church]], the [[Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church]], the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] and other churches employing the West Syriac Rite. It is also occasionally used in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Melkite Catholic Church]]. The [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] uses a [[Reformation|reformed]] variant of this liturgy, omitting [[intercession of saints]] and [[prayer for the dead]].
[[File:West Syriac Rite.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Usage of the West Syriac Rite by denominations]]

The liturgy is attributed with the name of [[James the Just]] and patriarch among the [[Jerusalem in Christianity|Jewish Christians at Jerusalem]].

The historic Antiochene liturgies are divided between Alexandrian and Cappadocian usages. Among these, the Liturgy of Saint James is one of the liturgies that evolved from the Alexandrian usage; others include Coptic Anaphora of Saint Basil, the Byzantine Liturgy of Saint Basil and the Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom.<ref name="Witvliet" /> The liturgies attributed to Saint John Chrysostom and Saint Basil are the ones most widely used today by all Byzantine Rite Christians, including the Eastern Orthodox, some [[Eastern Catholic Churches]], and [[Byzantine Rite Lutheranism|Byzantine Rite Lutherans]].

==Manuscript tradition==
Its date of composition is still disputed, but most authorities propose a late fourth-century date for the known form, because the [[Anaphora (liturgy)|anaphora]] seems to have been developed from an early Egyptian form of the Liturgy of Saint Basil influenced by the anaphora described in the ''Mystagogical Catechesis'' attributed to [[St. Cyril of Jerusalem]].<ref name="Witvliet" /> The earliest manuscript is the ninth-century codex, Vaticanus graecus 2282, which had been in liturgical use at [[Damascus]], in the diocese of [[Antioch]]. Dom B.-Charles Mercier published the only critical edition in the ''[[Patrologia Orientalis]]'', vol. 26 (1950).
[[File:Holy mass of the Syriac Orthodox Church.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A [[West Syriac Rite]] liturgy of the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] holding [[paterissa]] ([[crozier]])]]

=== Order of liturgy ===
[[File:Liturgy St James 3.jpg|thumb|250px|Orthodox bishop Longin (Talypin), holding his [[paterissa]] (crozier), presiding over a celebration of the Liturgy of St. James in [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]]]]
The Liturgy of Saint James the Just is the skeleton of the whole [[Holy Qurobo|Qurbono Qadisho]] with all the prayers before the anaphora being exactly the same, no matter which anaphora is chosen. The Liturgy of St James the Just comprises:{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

#The First Service
##[[Liturgy of Preparation|Prothesis]]
#The Second Service
##Reading from the Holy Books
###[[Trisagion|The Trisagion]]
###Antiphon before the [[Pauline epistles|Pauline Epistle]] (Galatians 1:8–9)
###The [[Pauline epistles|Epistle]] of [[Paul the Apostle|Saint Paul]]
#The Third Service
##The Husoyo (Liturgy of Absolution)
###The Proemion
###The Sedro (Main Prayer)
###The Etro (Fragrance/incense prayer)
#The Anaphora
##The Kiss of peace
##Veiling and placing of the hands prayer
##The Dialogue
##Preface
##[[Sanctus]] (Qadish)
##Words of Institution
##[[Anamnesis (Christianity)|Anamnesis]]
##[[Epiclesis]]
##Petitions
##Fracturing
##Liturgy of Repentance
###[[Lord's Prayer]] (Abun dbashmayo)
##Invitation to Holy Communion
##The Procession of the Holy Mysteries
##Prayer of Thanksgiving
##The Dismissal of the Faithful

In the books of the Patriarchal Sharfet seminary, this order is clearly strict, with the deacon and congregation prayer being the same no matter which anaphora is used. The only prayer that changes when a different anaphora is used is that of the priest.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

===Rubrics===
[[File:Liturgy St James 8.jpg|thumb |The bishop [[elevation (liturgy)|elevates]] the [[chalice (cup)|chalice]] while the [[deacon]] fans the Gifts with the [[ripidion]].]]

The Liturgy of St. James is commonly celebrated on the [[Feast of Saint James]] (July 25) and the first Sunday after [[Christmas]], and then almost exclusively celebrated on a daily basis in Jerusalem, in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].{{Citation needed|date= February 2009|reason=The Catholic Encyclopedia article says this liturgy was superseded in these Churches.}} The Liturgy of Saint James is long, taking some hours to complete in full. The recitation of the Divine Liturgy is performed according to the worship rubrics of a particular Rite, with specific parts chanted by the presider, the lectors, the choir, and the congregated faithful, at certain times in unison. Like other compositions in the Byzantine tradition, the Divine Liturgy of St. James as celebrated in Greek forms the basis of the English transcription.{{clarification needed|date=December 2019}} In its Syriac form, the Liturgy is still used in the Syriac and Indian Churches—Catholic and Orthodox—both in a Syriac translation and in Malayalam and English.

As with other Eastern liturgies, this one calls for a [[Cherubic Hymn]] to be chanted during the [[Offertory]] as the priest brings the gifts to be consecrated onto the altar. In the [[Latin Catholic Church]], this composition became popular as a separate hymn of adoration of the [[Blessed Sacrament]], known in English as ''[[Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence]]''.

==Musical annotation==
The hymnographers of the early Church composed both the words of the sung prayers and the tones of the musical scale to be sung in a single codex for a particular community. The annotation was recorded in close correspondence to the text (for sample codices, see those<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/ByzMusicFonts.html|title = Writing Byzantine Music}}</ref> collated by the North American Greek Orthodox Monastery of St. Anthony in Arizona) with neumes indicating the melodic tones and their duration used before the adoption of the Western system of staff and scales became established in medieval times. In those communities that worship in Syriac the neumes are mirror images of those used by the authocthonous Greek and Slavic Orthodox Churches and written and read right to left in accordance with the Syriac script of the prayer texts.

''The English Hymnal'' features the 1906 [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] arrangement of the English verses of the Cherubic hymn of the Offertory chant (see above) to the melody of the French folk tune [[Picardy (hymn)|Picardy]]. The hymn known as [[Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence]] is also popular in the Roman Catholic Latin rite as an alternative to the spoken communion antiphon.

==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
* [[Anaphora (liturgy)]]

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
* L. H. Dalmais, ''Eastern Liturgies'' (1960)
* Eric Segelberg,''Έὺχῂ τοῦ Θυμιάματος. Towards the history of a prayer in the Liturgy of St. James." In: ''Έὑχαριστῄριον, Τιμητικὸς τὁμος ἐπί τή 45ετηρίδι έπιστημόικης δράσεως καἰ τῇ 35ετηρίδι τακτικῆς καθηγεσἱας Α. Σ. Άλιβιζάτου. Athens 1958, reprinted in Segelberg, ''Gnostica - Mandaica Liturgica''. (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Historia Religionum 11.) Uppsala 1990.
* [http://www.italicapress.com/index541.html Thomas F. Coffey and Maryjane Dunn, ''The Sermons & Liturgy of Saint James: Book I of the Liber Sancti Jacobi '' (2021)]

==External links==
{{Wikisource|The Divine Liturgy of Saint James}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060819005005/http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Index.html The Divine Liturgies Music Project] Byzantine music in English for the Liturgy of St. James
* [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08371a.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'':] "Liturgy of Jerusalem"
* [https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf07.toc.html#P8122_2593853 Liturgy of St. James in Ante-Nicene Fathers]
* [http://sor.cua.edu/Liturgy/Anaphora/James.html Anaphora of St James], online Syriac Orthodox Resources at The Catholic University of America

{{Eastern Orthodox Church footer}}
{{Oriental Orthodoxy footer}}
{{Byzantine Rite|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:4th-century Christian texts]]
[[Category:Eastern Christian liturgies]]
[[Category:Christian liturgical texts]]
[[Category:Anaphoras (liturgy)]]
[[Category:Christianity in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Christian terminology]]
[[Category:James, brother of Jesus]]

Jhulelal (Hinduism)

2026-03-14T23:29:19Z

TammieNeedham:

{{short description|Incarnation of Varuna}}
{{about|the Hindu God|Jhulelal in Sufism|Jhulelal (Sufism)}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = hindu
| image = Jhulelal.jpg
| caption = Jhulelal, incarnation of Varuna, sitting on a lotus flower in the middle of a river and surrounded by a couple of silver fish (palla fish)
| name = Bhagwan Jhulelal
| affiliation = [[Varuna]] [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]
| mantra = Om Vam Varunaya Namah
| weapon = Sword
| siblings = Soma Rai & Bheda Rai
| consort =
| abode = Sea & River [[Indus]]
| mount = Hilsa Fish & Horse
}}
'''Jhulelal''' ({{Langx|sd|{{Naskh|}}}}جھولےلال ; {{Langx|hi|{{Naskh|}}}}झूलेलाल) is a folkloric figure amongst the [[Sindhis]] and one of the most revered deities of [[Sindhi Hindus]] in the modern-day republics of Pakistan and India.<ref name="falzon159" /> He is considered to be an avatar of [[Hindu]] god [[Varuna]].<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />{{efn|The chant '''Aayo Laal Sabhainjo Jhulelal''' is considered the "clarion call" of Sindhi<ref name=lari>{{cite book|last1=Lari|first1=Suhail Zaheer|title=A history of Sindh|date=1994|publisher=Oxford|isbn=0195775015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfFtAAAAMAAJ&q=sukkur|access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref>}}

Legends converge upon that Jhulelal was born during the rule of one Islamic despot "Mirkshah", who had issued an ultimatum to local Hindus for converting to Islam.<ref name="falzon159" /><ref name="Westland">{{cite book|last1=Bhavnani|first1=Nandita|title=The Making of Exile: Sindhi Sindhis and the Partition of India|date=2014|publisher=Westland|isbn=9789384030339}}</ref> The reincarnation of a Sindhi deity, Jhulelal exhibited supernatural powers since childhood; he preached about how the Muslims believed in the same [[God]], and emphasized that the [[Quran|Quran]] forbade forced conversion.<ref name="falzon159" /><ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> Ultimately, Jhulelal convinced the King to spare the Hindus and even gained devotees among the Muslims.<ref name="falzon159" /><ref name="Ramey2008p8" />

Devotion towards Jhulelal was very uniform in pre-partition Sindh and he was one of the many deities belonging to the Sindhi cultural pantheon.<ref name="falzon159" /><ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> However, in 1950 Indian Sindhis, led by Ram Panjwani in Bombay, decided to transform Jhulelal into the icon of unity for all Sindhis and unify the sindhi community''.<ref name="falzon159" /><ref name="Ramey2008p8" />'' Devotional songs were penned, pamphlets printed, statues installed, festivals celebrated, and cultural events organized in thousands for the cause of Jhulelal.''<ref name="falzon159" />'' Over the course of decades, Jhulelal has successfully become the representative Unifying God of Sindhis.''<ref name="falzon159" />''

Iconography of Jhulelal varies widely.''<ref name="falzon159" />''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1227241|title=Jhulay Lal's full circle|date=20 December 2015}}</ref> Sindhi Hindus worship Jhulelal at the [[Shrine at Odero Lal]] in [[Pakistan]]'s [[Sindh]] province, which is jointly used by Sindhi Hindus, and Sindhi Muslims who revere the shrine as the tomb of Sheikh Tahir. A second shrine named ''Jhulelal Tirthdham'' exists in [[India]] at [[Narayan Sarovar]], [[Kutch]], [[Gujarat]].<ref name="Tirthdham1" />

==Folklore==

=== Legendary account ===
After a long period of harmonious existence between the Hindus and Muslims, a new Amir, one Mirkshah of Thatta, ascended the throne.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> At the instigation of his advisors, he ordered that all local Hindus convert to Islam or be put to death.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> The Hindus prayed to Indus, who promised that Varuna would take the form of a child and avert the impending catastrophe.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />

In 1007 Vikram Samvat (950 CE), the day of Cheti Chand in Chaitra, Jhulelal was born to a local Hindu family of Lohana caste.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Dr Krishna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GAfgAAAAMAAJ |title=Fairs and Festivals of India |date=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-0810-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=roNwpY0hvxgC |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> It was not long before Amir Mirkshah caught wind of rumors that the populace had begun to worship a local child as an incarnate deity; alarmed by this un-Islamic activity, the Amir sent his ministers to investigate. These latter returned with accounts of their witnessing strange events:<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> the child in question metamorphosed into a young warrior, then into an old man, before back into a child; at other times, he rode up the river on the back of a fish; he acted and spoke as if a sage, rather than a typical young boy; and performed various other feats before the disbelieving eyes of the advisors.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />{{efn|Jhulelal is also believed by Sindhis to have performed other miracles, such as entering the Indus river at Nasirpur and coming up at [[Bukkur]], at the northernmost extent of Sindh.<ref name="lari" />}} Mirkshah grew afraid, upon hearing of this—but his advisors, undaunted, convinced him to hold firm.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />

Soon, however, the Amir decided he must meet this prodigy for himself; and, upon their meeting, he found he was impressed by Jhulelal's understanding of Islam: Jhulelal preached that the Hindus and Muslims believed in the same God, and reminded Mirkshah that the [[Qur'an]] forbade compelled conversions.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /><ref name="falzon159" /> The latter's advisors—still determined to see their brutal forced-conversion scheme carried out—instead persuaded Mirkshah to disregard these teachings of Jhulelal's and order him imprisoned.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> However, when the guards arrived to attempt the arrest, an inferno and a flood together engulfed the Amir's palace.<ref name="falzon159" /><ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> At this, Mirkshah relented, abolished his decree, and asked Jhulelal for forgiveness.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />

As the palace was saved and harmony restored, Jhulelal thence gained devotees even among the Muslims (including Mirkshah).<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> Before taking his leave, Jhulelal advised the Amir that a flame be kept burning for eternity as a reminder of his omnipresence.<ref name="falzon159" />

=== Variant readings ===
The myth of Jhulelal is not seen in regional histories written prior to the 20th century. While nearly all Jhulelal legends revolve broadly around two main themes—the valorization of Sindhi communal harmony, and the intrinsic superiority of tolerant and devout Hindus over Muslims who are depicted as unable to interpret even their own religious texts—the specifics vary widely, and have occasionally been a cause of internal contestation even among Sindhi Hindus.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> At the same time, Sindhi Muslims have themselves forged their own legends concerning Jhulelal.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />

==== Hindus ====
The birth-name varies from Uderolal to Amarlal to Daryasahib; the event of his first appearance is either noted to be from a human birth or from the Indus, riding on a fish.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> He is variously noted as an ''avatara'' of Vishnu or a manifestation of Varuna—one account conflates the two and deems him to be the Varuna ''avatara'' of Vishnu<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />—and how he came to be known ''as'' "Jhulelal" attracts entirely another set of fascinating claims.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> The result of his encounter with Mirkshah also varies: some claim that the Amir submitted instantly in the face of his supernatural powers, while others claim that Jhulelal was required to lead a secretly-gathered force to victory in a conventional war.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />

The presentation of the narrative also differs depending on source.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> Many renderings choose to emphasize the cruelty of Muslim rulers against Brahmins (and, by extension, against all Hindus)—a column in [[The Indian Express|Indian Express]] projects contemporary Hindu Nationalism onto the narrative, with Jhulelal "fill[ing] the shrinking Hindus with courage" and "put[ting] holy terror into the persecuting Muslims"—while some Sindhi accounts have transplanted Jhulelal into the reign of [[Aurangzeb]], a ruler notorious in public memory for being the worst of all persecutors of Hindus.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" /> Still others choose to emphasize the Hinduness of Jhulelal by drawing tenuous connections with Vedic corpus.<ref name="Ramey2008p8" />

==Festivals==
{{main|Cheti Chand|Chalio}}

===Cheti Chand===
The [[Cheti Chand]] festival in the month of [[Chaitra]], marks the arrival of spring and harvest, as well as the incarnation day of Uderolal in the Vikram Samvat calendar year 1007.<ref name=falzon159/><ref name="Ramey2008p8">{{Citation|last=Ramey|first=Steven W.|title=Presenting Sacred Figures|date=2008|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230616226_5|work=Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond|pages=105–124|editor-last=Ramey|editor-first=Steven W.|place=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|doi=10.1057/9780230616226_5|language=en|isbn=978-0-230-61622-6|access-date=2021-08-24|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Uderolal morphed into a warrior and old man who preached and reprimanded Mirkhshah that Muslims and Hindus deserve the same religious freedoms. He, as Jhulelal,<ref name="Ramey2008p8"/> became the saviour of the Sindhi Hindus, who according to this legend, celebrate the new year as Uderolal's birthday.<ref name=falzon159>{{cite book|author=Mark-Anthony Falzon|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA59|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-14008-5|pages=58–60}}</ref><ref name="Ramey2008p8"/>

===Chaliya saheb===
[[Chalio]] or Chaliho, also called Chaliho Sahib, is a forty-day-long festival celebrated by Sindhi Hindus<ref name=a>[http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Chaliho/ Chaliho festival] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916224736/http://www.festivalsofindia.in/Chaliho/ |date=September 16, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=b>[https://archive.today/20130117200657/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-PUN-sindhis-celebrate-chalio-festival-2272672.html Sindhis celebrate Chalio festival]</ref><ref name=d>[http://www.thesindhuworld.com/chaliho.html Sindhi Festivals > Chaliho] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425020539/http://www.thesindhuworld.com/chaliho.html |date=April 25, 2012 }}</ref> to express their gratitude to Jhulelal for saving them from their impending conversion to Islam. The festival is observed every year in the months of July to August; dates vary according to [[Hindu calendar]].<ref name=a/><ref name=b/> It is a thanksgiving celebration in honor of Varuna Deva for listening to their prayers.<ref name=a/><ref name=b/>

== Shrines ==

===Odero Lal Sai===
[[File:Shrine at Odero Lal.jpg|thumb|Odero Lal Shrine]]
[[File:Marking of Attendance at Shrine by Farhan Wilayat.jpg|thumb|Visitors have to ring the bell before entering Jhulelal's shrine in order to mark their attendance]]

The Jhulelal [[Shrine at Odero Lal]] is situated in [[Matiari District]], almost 40 kilometers away from the [[Sanghar District]] of [[Sindh]]; The Hindus and the Muslims can pray here at the same place simultaneously.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zahida Rehman Jatt|title=Jhulay Lal's cradle of tolerance|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1185942|access-date=22 December 2015|agency=Dawn|publisher=Dawn|date=June 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Claude Markovits|title=The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama|date=22 June 2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press, 2000|isbn=9781139431279|page=48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2vu7Odjz6kC&q=Udero+Lal+town&pg=PA48|access-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> [[Nawabshah]], [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Matiari]], [[Sanghar]] and [[Mirpur Khas]] are the nearby major cities to reach at the Shrine near [[Tando Adam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Cities near Udero Lāl in Sindh, Pakistan|url=http://www.gomapper.com/travel/list-of-cities-near/udero-lal.html|website=GoMapper|access-date=22 December 2015|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612233001/http://www.gomapper.com/travel/list-of-cities-near/udero-lal.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

It forms the seat of the Daryapanthis, originally a subsect of the followers of [[Gorakhnath]], who belong to the [[Nath]] tradition.<ref name="Story of Jhulelal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jhulelal.com/infotainment/story.html |title=Story of Jhulelal |access-date=2011-05-01 |archive-date=2011-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531010135/http://www.jhulelal.com/infotainment/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1318886|title=How this lesser known festival is celebrated annually by Hindus in Sindh|last=Jatt|first=Zahida Rehman|date=2017-03-07|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=2018-09-16|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Jhulelal Tirthdham===
[[File:Sindhi Pride Jhulelal Tirathdham.jpg|center|thumb|The view of Jhulelal Tirthdham]]
[[Sindhi Hindus]] in India built a religious shrine and cultural complex in [[Kutch]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]], near the border of [[Sindh Province]].<ref name="Tirthdham1">{{cite news|title=Coming up in Gujarat, Sindhis' own sacred shrine - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 May 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coming-up-in-gujarat-sindhis-own-sacred-shrine/articleshow/69287901.cms|access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Tirthdham" /> The 100-acre complex includes a 100-foot statue of Lord Jhulelal, a museum, meditation centre, an auditorium, and a cultural and arts-and-crafts centre with 100 accommodations.<ref name="Tirthdham1" /><ref name="Tirthdham" /> Aiming to be the "a centre for global Sindhi identity",<ref name="Tirthdham1" /> the project costs an estimated ₹100 crore and was built on the donations from wealthy Indian Sindhis.<ref name="Tirthdham1" /><ref name="Tirthdham" /> [[Harish Fabiani]], one of the key promoters of the project, stated regarding the cultural complex, "The younger generation is aware they are Sindhis, but they do not know their language. We must learn our language and culture. We should have a place we can call our own."<ref name="Tirthdham">{{cite web|last1= Shradha Shahani|title=Sindhis are building a Jhulelal Tirthdham—their own holy city|date=5 June 2019|url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/sindhis-are-building-a-jhulelal-tirthdham-their-own-holy-city/|access-date=5 June 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Sindhi Pride Jhulelal Tirathdham (4) (Large).jpg|center|thumb]]
[[File:Jhule Lal.jpg|thumb|Picture of Jhule Lal in Hindu temple]]

==Iconography==
* In the most common form, Jhulelal is represented as a bearded man sitting cross-legged on a [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus flower]] that rests on a [[Tenualosa ilisha|palla fish]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nadeem F. Paracha|title=Jhulay Lal's full circle|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1227241/jhulay-lals-full-circle|access-date=22 December 2015|agency=Dawn|publisher=Dawn|date=December 20, 2015}}</ref> The fish is seen floating on the Sindhu river. He holds a sacred text and sometimes even a ''japa mala'' (rosary). He wears a golden crown with a [[peacock]] feather and wears regal clothes. Generally, temple idols represent him in this form.<ref name="falzon159" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Boivin|first=Michel|date=15 Oct 2008|page=76|title=Sindh through History and Representations: French Contributions to Sindhi Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195475036}}</ref>
* In another form, he is shown standing on a palla fish or the lotus flower, holding a staff with both hands to indicate leadership.<ref name="falzon159" />
*
* He is often symbolized in saffron attire, symbolizing purity and devotion. The robes are often flowing, enhancing his ethereal appearance.
*He has four hands only. He is happy and smiling. He is looking in front of the camera with his both eyes He is muscular with 12 pack abs. Key Physical Features: Appearance: He is shown as a fair-skinned, serene-looking man with a long, white beard and white hair, symbolizing wisdom. Pose: He is sitting cross-legged in Padmasana (lotus position) or Swastika-asana on a full Bloomed Pink lotus flower and that pink full Bloomed Lotus Flower is on the Palla Fish (a Gold fish fish that swims against the tide), That gold fish is looking in front of the camera with his both eyes and that gold Fish is happy and smiling. Front view of gold fish That is also fully visible to the camera. Attire: He wears traditional royal attire, a white and brightly colored dhoti and a kurta adorned with gold linings. He wears royal blue sherwani with gold border. Shoulder Drapes: Saffron stole Gold border embroidery Draped across shoulders and chest. 🪷 Inner Clothing Under the robe: White dhoti-like garment. Simple sacred style clothing. Red and gold border accents near waist.. 🪙 Arm Ornaments Gold arm cuffs. Gold wrist bangles. Embossed traditional patterns. Holding a Book. Features of the Book: Rectangular shape Made of pure gold. Saffron decorative edge. Ornaments: He is adorned with necklaces and a pure gold mukut crown studded with jewels, attached with a very beautiful two peacock feathers and attached with three moti malas Three Parallel Rows The moti (pearls) are arranged in three horizontal rows. These rows run along the front band of the pure gold mukut. The rows are evenly spaced and symmetrical. 2️⃣ Decorative Mala Formation The pearls together form a decorative mala (garland-like pattern). Each pearl is round, white, and uniform in size. 3️⃣ Pink Diamond Settings Between sections of the pearl rows are pink diamond / pink gemstone settings. These gemstones sit inside gold triangular or oval frames. The pink stones create contrast with the white pearls and gold crown. Symbolic Elements: Items: He holds a sacred text (pothi) in his Left Hand and Hindu Rudraksha Japa Mala (rosary) in his Upper Raised Left Hand. Lower Right Hand is holding a Sword. Blessing Posture: His right hand is raised in a blessing pose (Abhaya mudra), and emitting a white light. Halo: A gold halo and aura is shown around his head,.
{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

- a male sitting cross-legged on a large fully bloomed pink lotus flower. The lotus is placed on top of a giant smiling pure 24-carat golden fish emerging from splashing water. The gold fish is happy, cute, and facing the camera directly with both eyes visible.

The male is a serene elderly man with very fair glowing skin, long white beard, and long white hair. He is smiling warmly and looking straight toward the camera. A bright radiant gold halo shines behind his head.

He wears a royal blue velvet sherwani with rich golden embroidery and an saffron dupatta with golde borders. He is adorned with heavy traditional gold jewelry including layered necklaces, armlets, bracelets, and rings. On his head is an ornate golden crown decorated with jewels and peacock feathers.

The male has five arms:

• His right hand raised in blessing (Abhaya Mudra) emitting soft divine white light.

• Raised Upper Right Hand is holding a shining sword.

• Raised Upper First Top Left Hand is holding a

hindu rudraksha japa mala (rosary).

• Raised Upper Second Left hand is holding a

fully bloomed pure gold lotus flower.

• Left hand holding a

gold sacred scripture box.

The male sits peacefully on the pink lotus throne which rests on the large smiling gold fish swimming in water, creating dramatic splashes and ripples.

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==See also==
* [[Cheti Chand]]
* [[Darya Lal Mandir]]
* [[Shri Varun Dev Mandir]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.thesindhuworld.com All About Sindhis]
* [http://www.jhulelal.com Jhule Lal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120819084643/http://www.thesindhuworld.com/jhulelal.html Sindhi Deity Jhulelal]

{{HinduMythology}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Regional Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Hindu folk deities]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Sindh]]
[[Category:Sindhi Hindu saints]]

Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi

2026-03-10T13:45:34Z

TammieNeedham:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{short description|Indian independence activist (1900–1962)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi
| image = Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi.jpg
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| termstart1 = 1952
| termend1 = 2 August 1962
| predecessor1 = ''Office established''
| successor1 = [[J. B. Kripalani]]
| constituency1 = [[Amroha Lok Sabha constituency|Amroha]]

|office2 = 4th General Secretary of [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]
|term_start2 = 1942
|term_end2 = 2 August 1962
|predecessor2 = Abdul Haleem Siddiqi
|successor2 = [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]]

| module2 = {{Infobox religious biography
|embed= yes
| birth_date = 1900
| birth_place = [[Seohara]], [[Bijnor district]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1962|08|02|1900}}
| resting_place = [[Munhadiyan]], [[New Delhi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|notable_works= ''Tehreek-e-Pakistan Par Ek Nazar'' <ref>{{Cite news|last=Pathak|first=Vikas|date=2018-06-23|title=Century not out, Jamiat still bats for an India with a composite culture|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/century-not-out-jamiat-still-bats-for-an-india-with-a-composite-culture/article24242019.ece|access-date=2021-07-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad]], [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|religion = Islam
|founder = [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]]
}}
}}

'''Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi''' (1900 – 2 August 1962) was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and an activist of the [[Indian independence movement]], who served as the fourth general secretary of the [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]]. He fought against British rule for 25 years (1922-1947) and spent eight years in jail.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maulana Hifzur Rahman and his Qasas-ul-Qur'an |url=http://www.arabnews.com/islam-perspective/maulana-hifzur-rahman-and-his-qasas-ul-qur%E2%80%99 |website=www.arabnews.com |accessdate=9 July 2019}}</ref> As a politician, he [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]],<ref name="Raghavan1999">{{cite book |last1=Raghavan |first1=G. N. S. |title=Aruna Asaf Ali: A Compassionate Radical |date=1999 |publisher=National Book Trust, India |isbn=978-81-237-2762-2 |page=91 |language=English |quote=Three nationalist Muslims were among those who opposed the resolution: Ansar Harwani, Maulana Hifzur Rahman and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew. “This is a surrender”, Kitchlew said.}}</ref> and served as a member of the Indian Parliament for the [[Indian National Congress]] from [[Amroha Lok Sabha constituency]] from 1952 to 1962.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/news/can-bjp-reverse-the-trend-in-slippery-amroha/articleshow/68898129.cms|title=Can BJP reverse the trend in slippery Amroha? - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=16 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/maulana-mohammad-hifzur-rahman-member-of-parliament-mp-from-amroha-uttar-pradesh-biodata/|title=ENTRANCEINDIA | Maulana Mohammad Hifzur Rahman MP biodata Amroha | ENTRANCEINDIA|website=www.entranceindia.com|date=24 December 2018|access-date=2 July 2019|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171244/https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/maulana-mohammad-hifzur-rahman-member-of-parliament-mp-from-amroha-uttar-pradesh-biodata/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Biography==
Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi was born in 1900 (1318 [[Hijri year|AH]]) in a [[Zamindar]] family in [[Seohara]], a city and municipal board in the [[Bijnor district]] of the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name ="mahbub">{{citation|first1=Syed Mehboob |last1=Rizwi |authorlink1 = Syed Mehboob Rizwi|translator = Murtaz Hussain F Quraishi|title=Tarikh Darul Uloom Deoband|trans-title=History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband |location = [[Deoband]] |publisher = Darul Uloom Deoband | volume = 2 |page=107-109}} </ref> His father Haaji Shamsuddin was an assistant engineer in [[Bhopal State|Bhopal state]] and then in [[Bikaner State|Bikaner state]]. Seoharwi was initially home-schooled and later enrolled in [[Madrasa Shahi]] in [[Moradabad]]. He graduated in the traditional [[Dars-i Nizami|Dars-e-Nizami]] from the Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam in [[Seohara]].<ref name ="mahbub"/> He studied there under Abdul Ghafoor Seoharwi, Ahmad Chishti and Sayyid Aftab Ali. Later in 1922, he moved to [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and specialized in ahadith under [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]] and graduated in 1923 (1342 AH).<ref name="millat">{{cite book |author1=Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri |title=Maulana Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi: Ek Siyasi Mutala |publisher=Farid Book Depot, Daryaganj, [[New Delhi]] |page=27,30,39 |language=Urdu}}</ref><ref name ="mahbub"/>

In 1938, Seoharwi co-founded the [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]] along with [[Atiqur Rahman Usmani]], [[Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi]] and [[Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Nayab Hasan Qasmi |title=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]] Ka Sahafati ManzarNama |publisher=Idara Tehqeeq-e-Islami, [[Deoband]] |page=176, 198}}</ref> He was appointed the general secretary of the [[Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind]] in 1942 after Abdul Haleem Siddiqi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Salman Mansoorpuri |title=Tehreek Azadi-e-Hind Mai Muslim Ulama aur Awaam ka Kirdar |date=2014 |publisher=Deeni Kitab Ghar |location=Deoband |pages=193, 197 |language=ur}}</ref>

Seoharwi died of cancer on 2 August 1962. His funeral prayer was led by [[Qari Muhammad Tayyib]], the Principal of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref name="lamhaat">{{cite book |author1=Abu Muhammad Maulana Sana'ullah Saad Shuja'abadi |title=Ulama-e-Deoband Ke Aakhri Lamhaat |trans-title =Ending moments of Deobandi scholars |publisher=Maktaba Rasheediya, Saharanpur |pages=120–125 |chapter=Mujahid-e-Millat Mawlana Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi|language=Urdu}}</ref> Tributes came from Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], ministers, and dozens of other members of the Indian Parliament. His funeral prayer was witnessed by a crowd of two hundred thousand people.<ref name="lamhaat"/> His resting place is located in [[Munhadiyan]], [[New Delhi]] where [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]] is also buried.<ref name ="mahbub"/> Hifzur Rahman Academy in [[Jeddah]] was established in his memory.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hifzur Rahman Academy gives souvenirs to pilgrims |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/97526/Hifzur-Rahman-Academy-gives-souvenirs-to-pilgrims |website=SaudiGazette.com |date=16 September 2014 |accessdate=19 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hifzur Rehman Academy honors new Muslims in Jeddah |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/479786 |website=ArabNews.com |date=19 November 2013 |accessdate=19 July 2019 }}</ref>

==Literary works==
Seoharwi‘s books include:
*''Akhlaq aur Falsafa-e-Akhlaq''
*''Balagh-e-Mubeen''
*''Islam ka iqtesadi Nizam''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Abdul Waris |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/islami-uloom-mein-nadwat-ul-musannifin-ki-khidmaat-ek-mutala-abdul-waris-khan-ebooks |title=Islāmi Uloom mai Nadwatul Musannifeen ki Khidmāt: Ek mutāla |date=1999 |publisher=Islamic Book Foundation |location=New Delhi |pages=247–250 |trans-title=The contribution of Nadwatul Musannifeen in Islamic studies: A study}}</ref>
*''Qasas al-Quran''

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/369726 Hifzur RahmanSeoharvi ki Ilmi Khidmaat ka Tejqiqi Jaiza]
* {{cite book |last1=Shahjahanpuri |first1=Abu Salman |author1-link=Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri |title=Mujāhid-e-Millat Mawlānā Hifzur Rahman Seohārwi: Ek Siyāsi Mutāla |date=May 2001 |publisher=Jamiat Publications |location=Lahore |edition=1 |language=ur}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Seoharwi, Hifzur Rahman}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Madrasa Shahi alumni]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Members of Nadwatul Musannifeen]]
[[Category:Students of Anwar Shah Kashmiri]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Burials at Mehdiyan]]
[[Category:People from Bijnor district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Members of the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]

Yukon

2026-03-09T21:22:21Z

TammieNeedham: brief corrected article per sources further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Territory of Canada}}
{{About|the Canadian territory|the river|Yukon River|other uses}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox province or territory of Canada
| name = Yukon
| other_name = {{native name|gwi|Ųųg Han}} {{native name|tce|Chu Nìikwän}}
| settlement_type = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Territory]]
| motto = 
| image_flag = Flag of Yukon.svg
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Yukon.svg
| image_map = Yukon in Canada 2.svg
| Label_map = yes
| coordinates = {{Coord|63|N|135|W|type:adm1st_scale:30000000_region:CA-YT|notes=<ref>{{Cite cgndb|KAIIM|Yukon}}</ref>|display=inline,title}}
| official_lang =
{{hlist
|[[Canadian English|English]]|[[Canadian French|French]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legal Context of Canada's Official Languages |publisher=University of Ottawa |url=https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=english_french_legal |access-date=October 7, 2016 | url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221032458/https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=english_french_legal |archive-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref>}}
| capital = [[Whitehorse]]
| largest_city = [[Whitehorse]]
| largest_metro = Whitehorse
| Premier = [[Currie Dixon]]
| government_type = [[Parliamentary system]]
| Viceroy = [[Adeline Webber]]
| ViceroyType = Commissioner
| Legislature = Yukon Legislative Assembly
| area_rank = 9th
| area_total_km2 = 482443
| area_land_km2 = 474391
| area_water_km2 = 8052
| PercentWater = 1.7
| population_demonym = Yukoner [[French language|French]]: {{lang|fr|Yukonnais(e)}}<ref name="usito-yukoner">{{cite web |title=yukonais, yukonaise |url=https://usito.usherbrooke.ca/d%C3%A9finitions/yukonais_ou_yukonnais |website=Usito - le dictionnaire |publisher=[[Université de Sherbrooke]] |access-date=4 September 2025 |language=fr |date=2025-08-30 |quote={{lang|fr|{{strong|yukonais, yukonaise}} ou {{strong|yukonnais, yukonnaise}} {{IPA|[jukɔnɛ, jukɔnɛz]}} : adjectif et nom : Du Yukon. [Nuance:] Nom (avec une majuscule) : Un Yukonais, une Yukonaise.}} |trans-quote={{lang|fr|{{strong|yukonais, yukonaise}}}} or {{lang|fr|{{strong|yukonnais, yukonnaise}}}} : adjective and noun : From (the) Yukon. [Modified form:] Noun (with a capital letter) : A Yukoner.}}</ref>
| population_rank = [[Population of Canada by province and territory|12th]]
| population_total = 40232
| population_ref = <ref name="2021census">{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 and 2011 censuses |work=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=February 10, 2022}}</ref>
| population_as_of = [[2021 Canadian census|2021]]
| population_est = 48261
| pop_est_as_of = Q4 2025
| pop_est_ref = <ref name=SCEst/>
| DensityRank = 11th
| Density_km2 = 0.085
| GDP_year = 2017
| GDP_total = C$3.089 billion<ref name="GDP2017">{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=3610022201#timeframe |title=Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory (2017) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=September 22, 2019 |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref>
| GDP_rank = 13th
| GDP_per_capita = C$75,141
| GDP_per_capita_rank = 3rd
| HDI_year = 2021
| HDI = 0.930<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi|access-date=2022-05-18|website=globaldatalab.org}}</ref> — Very high
| HDI_rank = [[List of Canadian provinces and territories by Human Development Index|4th]]
| Former = District of Yukon
| AdmittanceOrder = 9th
| AdmittanceDate = June 13, 1898
| HouseSeats = 1
| SenateSeats = 1
| timezone_link = Time in Canada
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 = −07:00
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| PostalAbbreviation = YT
| PostalCodePrefix = [[List of Y Postal Codes of Canada|Y]]
| iso_code = CA-YT
| website = {{URL|https://yukon.ca/}}
| flower = [[Fireweed]]
| tree = [[Abies lasiocarpa|Subalpine fir]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Government of Yukon: Emblems and Symbols |url=http://www.gov.yk.ca/aboutyukon/emblemsandsymbols.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212123740/http://www.gov.yk.ca/aboutyukon/emblemsandsymbols.html |archive-date=February 12, 2012}}</ref>
| bird = [[Common raven]]
}}

'''Yukon''' ({{IPA|fr-CA|jukõ|label=[[Canadian French]]:}}<ref name="usito-yukoner" />{{Failed verification|date=September 2025|reason=This citation applies to the demonym «Yukonais(e)», not «Yukon». It does seem to demonstrate that the first vowel is /u/ not /y/, however.}}) is a [[Provinces and territories of Canada|territory]] of [[Canada]], bordering [[British Columbia]] to the south, the [[Northwest Territories]] to the east, the [[Beaufort Sea]] to the north, and the [[U.S. state]] of [[Alaska]] to the west. It is Canada's westernmost and smallest territory by land area. As of the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], Yukon is the middle of the three territories in terms of population, but the most densely populated. {{As of|2025|pre=the}} fourth quarter estimates Yukon had a population of 48,261.<ref name=SCEst>{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2025 |title=Population estimates, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |access-date=December 17, 2025 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251217211652/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |archive-date=December 17, 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Whitehorse]], the territorial capital, is the largest city in northern Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=101&SR=1&S=10&O=D#tPopDwell |title=Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census |publisher=[[Government of Canada]], [[Statistics Canada]] |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |date=February 8, 2017 |language=en |access-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref>

Yukon was [[History of the Northwest Territories|split from the Northwest Territories]] by a federal statute in 1898 as the '''Yukon Territory'''. The current governing legislation is the ''Yukon Act'' passed by the federal Parliament in 2002.<ref name="canlii-yukon-act">{{cite web |url=http://canlii.ca/t/5213k |title=Yukon Act, SC 2002, c 7 |publisher=CanLII |access-date=February 22, 2011}}</ref> That act established Yukon as the territory's official name, although Yukon Territory remains in popular usage. [[Canada Post]] uses the territory's internationally approved postal abbreviation of '''YT'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/dict/table-tableau/table-tableau-8-eng.cfm |title=Table 8 Abbreviations and codes for provinces and territories, 2011 Census |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=December 30, 2015 |access-date=January 9, 2016}}</ref> In 2021, territorial government policy was changed so that '''The Yukon''' is recommended for use in official territorial government materials.<ref name="Offically The Yukon">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/the-yukon-renaming-1.6136896 |title=Back to 'the' Yukon: The big return of a 3-letter word |date=August 10, 2021 |publisher=CBC |access-date=November 3, 2021}}</ref>

Although officially bilingual (English and French), the Yukon government recognizes [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] languages.

At {{convert|5959|m|ft|abbr=off}}, Yukon's [[Mount Logan]], in [[Kluane National Park and Reserve]], is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest on the North American continent (after [[Denali]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Alaska]]). Most of the Yukon has a [[subarctic climate]], characterized by long, cold winters and brief, warm summers. The coastal area along the [[Arctic Ocean]] has a [[tundra climate]].

Notable rivers include the [[Yukon River|Yukon]], [[Pelly River|Pelly]], [[Stewart River (Yukon)|Stewart]], [[Peel River (Canada)|Peel]], [[White River (Yukon)|White]], [[Liard River|Liard]], and [[Tatshenshini River|Tatshenshini]].

==Etymology==
The territory is named after the [[Yukon River]], the longest river in the Yukon. The name itself is from a [[Contraction (grammar)|contraction]] of the words in the [[Gwich'in language|Gwich'in]] phrase ''chųų gąįį han'', which means "white water river" and refers to "the pale colour" of [[Rock flour|glacial runoff]] in the Yukon River.<ref name="ObsoletePhrase">"Dear Sir, I have great pleasure in informing you that I have at length after much trouble and difficulties, succeed[ed] in reaching the 'Youcon', or white water River, so named by the ([[Gwich'in]]) natives from the pale colour of its water. ..., I have the honour to Remain Your obt Servt, [[John Bell (explorer)|John Bell]]" [[Hudson's Bay Company]] Correspondence to [[George Simpson (Pre-Confederation Canada politician and trader)|George Simpson]] from John Bell (August 1, 1845), [https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/ HBC Archives], D.5/14, fos. 212-215d, also quoted in, {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPLYUsb3gAQC&pg=PA21 |title=Land of the Midnight Sun: A History of the Yukon |page=21 |last1=Coates |first1=Kenneth S. |first2=William R. |last2=Morrison |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Hurtig Publishers |year=1988 |isbn=0-8883-0331-9 |access-date=October 16, 2017}}</ref><ref name="NotGreat">In Gwich'in, adjectives, such as ''choo'' [big] and ''gąįį'' [white], follow the nouns that they modify. Thus, ''white water'' is ''chųų gąįį'' [water white]. ''White water river'' is ''chųų gąįį han'' [water white river]. {{cite book |url=https://library.alaska.gov/hist/hist_docs/docs/anlm/24000656.pdf |title=Dinjii Zhuh Ginjik Nagwan Tr'iłtsąįį: Gwich'in Junior Dictionary |pages=ii (ą, į, ų are nasalized a, i, u), xii (adjectives follow nouns), 19 (''nitsii'' or ''choo'' [big]), 88 (''ocean'' = ''chųų choo'' [water big]), 105 (''han'' [river]), 142 (''chųų'' [water]), 144 (''gąįį'' [white]) |first=Katherine |last=Peter |publisher=Univ. of Alaska |year=1979 |access-date=October 16, 2017 }}</ref>

Historically, the name of the Yukon Territory has been abbreviated to "The Yukon" in informal speech. In 2003, the territorial government announced that the territory should be referred to as "Yukon", but the change in name sparked discussion amongst Yukoners. In the 2021 election, the leader of the [[Yukon NDP]], [[Kate White (politician)|Kate White]], campaigned on returning to using "The Yukon". Following the election, the [[Yukon Liberal Party]] government announced that "The Yukon" would again be used by the government.<ref name="Offically The Yukon"/>

==Geography==
[[File:Cañón Miles, Yukón, Canadá, 2017-08-26, DD 130-132 PAN.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|The [[Yukon River]] at [[Schwatka Lake]] and the entry to Miles Canyon]]
{{Main|Geography of Yukon}}
The territory is the approximate shape of a [[right triangle]], bordering the [[U.S. state]] of [[Alaska]] to the west and northwest for {{convert|1210|km|mi}} mostly along [[141st meridian west|longitude 141° W]], the [[Northwest Territories]] to the east and [[British Columbia]] to the south mostly along [[60th parallel north|latitude 60° N]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internationalboundarycommission.org/boundaryfacts.html |title=Boundary Facts |access-date=October 18, 2011 |publisher=International Boundary Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611215733/http://www.internationalboundarycommission.org/boundaryfacts.html |archive-date=June 11, 2011 |quote=Length of boundary by province – Yukon- 1,210 kilometres or 752 miles}}</ref> Its northern coast is on the [[Beaufort Sea]]. Its ragged eastern boundary mostly follows the [[Drainage divide|divide]] between the Yukon Basin and the [[Mackenzie River]] [[drainage basin]] to the east in the Mackenzie mountains.

Most of the territory is in the watershed of its namesake, the Yukon River, which flows across the territory in a northwesterly direction. The southern Yukon is dotted with a large number of large, long and narrow glacier-fed alpine lakes, most of which flow into the Yukon River system. The larger lakes include [[Teslin Lake]], [[Atlin Lake]], [[Tagish Lake]], [[Marsh Lake]], [[Lake Laberge]], [[Kusawa Lake]] and [[Kluane Lake]]. [[Bennett Lake]] on the [[Klondike, Yukon|Klondike Gold Rush]] trail is a lake flowing into Nares Lake, with the greater part of its area within Yukon. Other watersheds in the territory include the Mackenzie River, the [[Peel Watershed]] and the [[Alsek River|Alsek]]–[[Tatshenshini River|Tatshenshini]], and a number of rivers flowing directly into the Beaufort Sea. The two main Yukon rivers flowing into the Mackenzie in the Northwest Territories are the [[Liard River]] in the southeast and the [[Peel River (Canada)|Peel River]] and its tributaries in the northeast.

Canada's highest point, Mount Logan ({{convert|5959|m|ft|disp=or}}), is in the territory's southwest. Mount Logan and a large part of the Yukon's southwest are in [[Kluane National Park and Reserve]], a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]. Other national parks include [[Ivvavik National Park]] and [[Vuntut National Park]] in the north. A second UNESCO World Heritage Site, [[Klondike, Yukon|Tr'ondëk-Klondike World Heritage Site]], was designated in 2023.

Notable widespread tree species within the Yukon are the [[black spruce]] and [[white spruce]]. Many trees are stunted because of the short growing season and severe climate.<ref>Carl Duncan, "[http://travelyukon.com/media/yukonnewsroom/publicationreadyfeaturestories/dempsterhighwaytothearctic/ The Dempster: Highway to the Arctic] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504155248/http://travelyukon.com/media/yukonnewsroom/publicationreadyfeaturestories/dempsterhighwaytothearctic/ |date=May 4, 2009}}" accessed 2009.10.22.</ref>

===Climate===
[[File:Yukon Köppen.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] in Yukon]]
{{See also|Climate change in the Arctic}}
While the average winter temperature in the Yukon is mild by Canadian arctic standards, no other place in North America gets as cold as the Yukon during extreme cold snaps. The temperature has dropped down to {{convert|-60|C|0}} three times, 1947, 1952, and 1968. The most extreme cold snap occurred in February 1947 when the abandoned town of [[Snag, Yukon|Snag]] dropped down to {{convert|-63.0|C|1}}.<ref name="Men of Snag">{{cite web |url=http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/events/life-80.htm |title=Life at Minus 80: The Men of Snag |publisher=The Weather Doctor |access-date=December 19, 2014}}</ref>

Unlike most of Canada where the most extreme heat waves occur in July, August, and even September, the Yukon's extreme heat tends to occur in June and even May. The Yukon has recorded {{convert|36|C|0}} three times. The first time was in June 1969 when [[Mayo, Yukon|Mayo]] recorded a temperature of {{convert|36.1|C|0}}. 14 years later this record was almost beaten when [[Forty Mile, Yukon|Forty Mile]] recorded {{convert|36|C|0}} in May 1983. The old record was finally broken 21 years later in June 2004 when the Mayo Road weather station, located just northwest of [[Whitehorse, Yukon|Whitehorse]], recorded a temperature of {{convert|36.5|C|1}}.<ref name="Historical Climate Data">{{cite web |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/index_e.html |title=National Climate Data and Information Archive |date=October 31, 2011 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=December 19, 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%;"
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Yukon<ref name="Historical Climate Data" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.yukoncommunities.yk.ca/whitehorse/geography-climate |title=Whitehorse – Geography and Climate |website=www.yukoncommunities.yk.ca |access-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006093056/http://www.yukoncommunities.yk.ca/whitehorse/geography-climate |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!City
!July average high
!July average low
!January average high
!January average low
|-
| [[Whitehorse]] || {{convert|21|C|F}} || {{convert|8|C|F}} || {{convert|-11|C|F}} || {{convert|-19|C|F}}
|-
| [[Dawson City]] || {{convert|23|C|F}} || {{convert|8|C|F}} || {{convert|-22|C|F}} || {{convert|-30|C|F}}
|-
| [[Old Crow, Yukon|Old Crow]] || {{convert|20|C|F}} || {{convert|9|C|F}} || {{convert|-25|C|F}} || {{convert|-34|C|F}}
|}

==History==
{{Main|History of Yukon}}
[[File:Klondike mining, c.1899.jpg|thumb|Hill-side mining during the [[Klondike Gold Rush]], {{circa|1899}}]]
Long before the arrival of Europeans, the central and southern Yukon was populated by First Nations people, and the area escaped [[Glacier|glaciation]]. Sites of [[Archaeology|archeological]] significance in the Yukon hold some of the earliest evidence of the presence of human habitation in North America.<ref name="tc.gov.yk.ca">Services, Cultural. Archaeology Program. Department of Tourism and Culture. [Online] March 8, 2011. [Cited: April 7, 2012.] [http://www.tc.gov.yk.ca/archaeology.html]</ref> The sites safeguard the history of the first people and the earliest First Nations of the Yukon.<ref name="tc.gov.yk.ca" />

The [[volcano|volcanic]] eruption of [[Mount Churchill]] in approximately 800 AD in what is now the U.S. state of Alaska blanketed the southern Yukon with a layer of [[Volcanic ash|ash]] which can still be seen along the [[Klondike Highway]], and which forms part of the oral tradition of First Nations peoples in the Yukon and further south in Canada.

Coastal and inland First Nations had extensive trading networks. European incursions into the area began early in the 19th century with the [[fur trade]], followed by [[Missionary|missionaries]]. By the 1870s and 1880s, gold miners began to arrive. This drove a population increase that justified the establishment of a police force, just in time for the start of the [[Klondike Gold Rush]] in 1897. The increased population coming with the gold rush led to the separation of the Yukon district from the Northwest Territories and the formation of the separate Yukon Territory in 1898.

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Yukon}}
The [[Canada 2021 Census|2021 census]] reported a Yukon population of 40,232.<ref name="2016census">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 and 2011 censuses |work=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=February 2, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> With a land area of {{convert|474712.64|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|33897|474712.64|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2011, the highest among Canada's three territories.<ref name="2011censusYKmunis">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=60 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Yukon) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=January 13, 2014 |access-date=January 15, 2014}}</ref> Statistics Canada has estimated Yukon's 2024 population to be 46,948,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |access-date=January 12, 2021 |title=Population estimates, quarterly |work=Statistics Canada|date=June 27, 2018 }}</ref> an increase of 17.5% from the 2016 census. This is the largest percentage increase for any Canadian province or territory.

Unlike in other Canadian [[Provinces and territories of Canada|provinces and territories]], [[Statistics Canada]] uses the entire territory as a single at-large census division.


===Ethnicity===
{{see also|Indigenous peoples in Yukon}}
According to the [[2021 Canadian Census]] the majority of the territory's population was of European descent, although it has a significant population of [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] communities across the territory. The 2021 Census examined the Yukon's ethnocultural diversity and immigration. At that time, 83.2% of residents were Canadian-born and 22.3% were of Indigenous origin. The most common countries of birth for immigrants were the Philippines (26.1%), the United States (9.8%), and the United Kingdom (9.7%). Among very recent immigrants (between 2016 and 2021) living in the Yukon, 56% were born in Asia.<ref name=2021CensusYukon>{{cite web |title=Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E|publisher=Statistics Canada|work=2021 Census|year= 2021|access-date=August 22, 2025}}</ref>

As of the 2021 census, the top ten ancestries in the Yukon were:<ref name=2021CensusYukon/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Rank
!Ethnic group
!Population (2021)
!Percentage
|-
|1
|[[English Canadians|English]]
|9,105
|{{Percentage | 9105 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|2
|[[Indigenous Canadian|Aboriginal]]
|8,810
|{{Percentage | 8810 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|3
|[[Canadian ethnicity|Canadian]]
|4,680
|{{Percentage | 4680 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|4
|[[Scottish Canadians|Scottish]]
|8,375
|{{Percentage | 8375 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|5
|[[Irish Canadians|Irish]]
|7,440
|{{Percentage | 7440 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|6
|[[German Canadians|German]]
|5,325
|{{Percentage | 5325 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|7
|[[French Canadians|French]]
|4,245
|{{Percentage | 4245 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|8
|[[Ukrainian Canadians|Ukrainian]]
|1,975
|{{Percentage | 1975 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|9
|[[Dutch Canadians|Dutch]]
|1,825
|{{Percentage | 1825 | 39585 | 2 }}
|-
|10
|[[Norwegian Canadians|Norwegian]]
|1,490
|{{Percentage | 1490 | 39585 | 2 }}
|}

===Language===
The most commonly reported mother tongue among the 39,840 single responses to the [[2021 Canadian census]] was English at 31,995 ({{percentage|31995|39840}}).<ref name=2021CensusYukon/> The second-most common was 1,455 ({{percentage|1785|39840}}) for French.<ref name=2021CensusYukon/> Among the 1,355 multiple respondents, 440 of them ({{percentage|440|1355}}) reported a mother tongue of both English and French, while 785 ({{percentage|785|1355}}) reported English and a "{{nowrap|non-official}} language" and 15 ({{percentage|15|1355}}) reported French and a "{{nowrap|non-official}} language".<ref name=2021CensusYukon/>

The Yukon's ''Language Act'' "recognizes the significance" of the territory's aboriginal languages in the Yukon, and permits their use in Legislative Assembly proceedings, although only English and French are available for laws and court proceedings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/languages.pdf |title=Language Act, Statues of the Yukon (2002) |access-date=February 22, 2011}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=40%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 95%; float: left;"
|-
!colspan=2| First Nations linguistic groups by tribes/clans<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cyfn.ca/ourNations/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020714191630/http://www.cyfn.ca/ourNations/ |archive-date=2002-07-14 |title=Council of Yukon First Nations-Our Nations|date=July 14, 2002}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | Linguistic group
! scope="col" | Tribe/clan
|-
! scope="row" | [[Gwich'in]]
| [[Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation]], [[Old Crow, Yukon|Old Crow]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Hän language|Hän]]
| [[Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in First Nation]], [[Dawson City, Yukon|Dawson City]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]]
| [[White River First Nation]], [[Beaver Creek, Yukon|Beaver Creek]]
* Small communities near [[Tok, Alaska|Tok]] (Alaska)
|-
! scope="row" | [[Northern Tutchone]]
| [[Selkirk First Nation]]
* [[Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation]]
* [[First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun]], [[Mayo, Yukon|Mayo]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Southern Tutchone]]
| [[Champagne and Aishihik First Nations]], [[Haines Junction, Yukon|Haines Junction]]
* [[Kluane First Nation]], [[Burwash Landing, Yukon|Burwash Landing]]
* [[Ta'an Kwach'an Council]], [[Lake Laberge]]
* [[Kwanlin Dün First Nation]], [[Whitehorse, Yukon|Whitehorse]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Kaska]]
| [[Ross River Dena Council]], [[Ross River, Yukon|Ross River]]
* [[Liard River First Nation]], [[Watson Lake, Yukon|Watson Lake]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Tlingit people|Inland Tlingit]]
| [[Teslin Tlingit Council]]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Tagish]]
| [[Carcross/Tagish First Nation]]
|}
{{col-break|width=20%|align=center}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 95%;"
!colspan=4| Mother tongue, 2021 census<ref>{{cite web |title=Languages, Census 2021 |url=https://yukon.ca/sites/default/files/ybs/fin-2021-census-highlights-yukon-language_1.pdf |website=Yukon |publisher=Yukon Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
!Rank
!align="left"| Language
!Population
!Percent
|- style="text-align:right;"
|1.
| style="text-align:left;"|English
|31,995
|80.31%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|2.
| style="text-align:left;"|French
|1,785
|4.48%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|3.
| style="text-align:left;"|Tagalog
|985
|2.47%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|4.
| style="text-align:left;"|German
|600
|1.51%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|5.
| style="text-align:left;"|Punjabi
|410
|1.03%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|6.
| style="text-align:left;"|Spanish
|235
|0.59%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|7.
| style="text-align:left;"|Cantonese (Yue)
|200
|0.50%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|8.
| style="text-align:left;"|Japanese
|135
|0.34%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|9.
| style="text-align:left;"|Mandarin
|130
|0.33%
|- style="text-align:right;"
|10.
| style="text-align:left;"|Tuchone Languages
|115
|0.29%
|}
{{col-end}}

===Religion===
[[File:Sikh men in turbans sitting and standing on rocky bank with bags and supplies, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, April 1906 (AL+CA 7021).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sikhs in [[Whitehorse]], Yukon in April 1906]]
The [[2021 Canadian census]] reported that 59.7% of Yukoners reported having no religious affiliation, the [[Irreligion in Canada|highest percentage in Canada]]. The most frequently reported religious affiliation was Christianity, reported by 35.0% of residents, followed by Sikhism at 1.0%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Yukon&DGUIDlist=2021A000260&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population, Yukon|date=February 9, 2022 |publisher= [[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=November 20, 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" | Religious beliefs in Yukon ([[Canada 2021 Census|2021 census]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Yukon&DGUIDlist=2021A000260&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population, Yukon|date=February 9, 2022 |publisher= [[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=November 20, 2022}}</ref>
|-
! Religion
! Adherents
! % of the population
|-
|[[Irreligion in Canada|No religion and secular perspectives]]||23,640 ||{{Percentage | 23,640 | 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|[[Christianity in Canada|Christian]] ||13,860||{{Percentage | 13,860| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|[[Sikhism in Canada|Sikh]]||380||{{Percentage | 380| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality ||325||{{Percentage | 325| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|[[Hinduism in Canada|Hindu]] ||265||{{Percentage | 265| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|[[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhist]] ||260||{{Percentage | 260| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|[[Islam in Canada|Muslim]] ||185||{{Percentage | 185| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|[[Judaism in Canada|Jewish]] ||70||{{Percentage | 70| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|[[Religion in Canada|Other religions and spiritual traditions]]||600||{{Percentage | 600| 39,590| 2 }}
|-
|'''Total'''||'''39,590'''||'''{{Percentage | 39,590| 39,590| 2 }}'''
|}

==Economy==
[[File:Hopper and Cart (15671202387).jpg|thumb|A conveyor belt and cart outside of a mine tunnel in the Yukon. The economy of the territory has historically been centred around mining.]]
The Yukon's major industry is mining (lead, [[zinc]], silver, gold, [[asbestos]] and copper). The federal government acquired the land from the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] in 1870 and split it from the [[Northwest Territories]] in 1898 to fill the need for local government created by the population influx of the gold rush. Thousands of these prospectors moved to the territory, ushering a period of Yukon history recorded by authors such as [[Robert W. Service]] and [[Jack London]]. The memory of this period and the early days of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], as well as the territory's scenic wonders and outdoor recreation opportunities, makes tourism the second most important industry in the territory.

Manufacturing, including furniture, clothing, and handicrafts, follows in importance, along with [[hydroelectricity]]. The traditional industries of [[Animal trapping|trapping]] and fishing have declined. As of 2012, the government sector directly employs approximately 6,300 out of a labour force of 20,800, on a population of 27,500.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1010002501&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.13&pickMembers%5B1%5D=2.1 |title=Archived – Public sector employment, wages and salaries, seasonally unadjusted and adjusted |website=Statistics Canada |date=August 2012 |access-date=September 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=1410009001#timeframe |title=Labour force characteristics by province, territory and economic region, annual (x 1,000) |website=Statistics Canada |date=January 28, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2019}}</ref>

On May 1, 2015, the Yukon modified its Business Corporations Act,<ref name="buco">[http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/buco_c.pdf gov.yk.ca: "Business Corporations Act"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016133756/http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/buco_c.pdf |date=October 16, 2015}}, May 1, 2015</ref><ref name="oic1">[http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2015_006.pdf gov.yk.ca: "O.I.C. 2015/06 Business Corporations Act"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192515/http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2015_006.pdf |date=October 9, 2015}}, May 1, 2015</ref><ref name="ociname">[http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2015_007.pdf gov.yk.ca: "O.I.C. 2015/07 Societies Act"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009071331/http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2015_007.pdf |date=October 9, 2015}}, May 1, 2015</ref> in an effort to attract more benefits and participants to its economy. One amendment to the BCA lets a proxy be given for voting purposes. Another change will allow directors to pursue business opportunities declined by the corporation, a practice off-limits in most other jurisdictions due to the inherent potential for conflicts of interest.<ref name="ytbca">[https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/go-north-not-west-yukon-lures-businesses-with-new-company-rules-1.3057441 cbc.ca: "Go north, not west: Yukon lures businesses with new company rules"], May 1, 2015</ref> One of the changes will allow a corporation to serve as a director of a subsidiary registered in Yukon.<ref name="gm18">[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/yukons-move-to-draw-corporations-worries-shareholders-coalition/article25030368/ theglobeandmail.com: "Yukon's move to draw corporations worries shareholders coalition"], June 18, 2015</ref> The legislation also allows companies to add provisions in their articles of incorporation giving directors blanket approval to sell off all of the company's assets without requiring a shareholder vote.<ref name="gm18" /> If provided for by a unanimous shareholders agreement, a corporation is not required to have directors at all.<ref name="dla">[http://www.deallawwire.com/2015/06/02/changes-of-note-to-the-yukon-business-corporations-act/ deallawwire.com: "Changes of note to the Yukon Business Corporations Act"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213134/http://www.deallawwire.com/2015/06/02/changes-of-note-to-the-yukon-business-corporations-act/ |date=September 23, 2015 }}, June 2, 2015</ref> There is increased flexibility regarding the location of corporate records offices, including the ability to maintain a records office outside of the Yukon so long as it is accessible by electronic means.<ref name="dla" />

===Tourism===
[[File:Sheep Slot Rapids, Firth River, Ivvavik National Park, YT.jpg|thumb|[[Ivvavik National Park]] is one of three [[National Parks of Canada|national parks]] located in Yukon.]]
Tourism revenue in the Yukon garnered over $560 million in 2024.<ref name="x032">{{cite web | title=Yukon tourism indicators | website=Economic overview | url=https://open-data-static-files.service.yukon.ca/tourism-indicators/economic-overview.html | access-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> The territory's tourism motto is "Larger than life".<ref>[http://www.travelyukon.com/en/ Travel Yukon] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012232640/http://www.travelyukon.com/en/ |date=October 12, 2008}}</ref> Its tourism industry relies heavily on natural environment, with many organized [[outfitter]]s and [[guide]]s available for activities such as [[hunting]], [[Fisherman|angling]], [[canoe]]ing/[[kayak]]ing, [[hiking]], [[skiing]], [[snowboarding]], [[ice climbing]], and [[dog sled]]ding. These activities are offered both in an organized setting or in the [[backcountry skiing|backcountry]], which is accessible by air or [[snowmobile]]. The Yukon's festivals and sporting events include the [[Adäka Cultural Festival]], [[Yukon International Storytelling Festival]], and the [[Yukon Sourdough Rendezvous]]. The Yukon's latitude enables the view of [[Aurora (astronomy)|aurora borealis]].

The Yukon Government maintains a series of territorial parks,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/yukonparks.php |title=Territorial Parks |publisher=Environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212184643/http://environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/yukonparks.php |archive-date=February 12, 2008}}</ref> including parks such as [[Herschel Island]] [[Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/HerschelIslandQikiqtaruk.php |title=Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park |publisher=Environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313111842/http://www.environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/HerschelIslandQikiqtaruk.php |archive-date=March 13, 2011}}</ref> [[Tombstone Territorial Park]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/tombstonepark.php |title=Tombstone Territorial Park |publisher=Environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315175203/http://www.environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/tombstonepark.php |archive-date=March 15, 2011}}</ref> [[Ni'iinlii'njik (Fishing Branch) Territorial Park|Fishing Branch Ni'iinlii'njik Park]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/FishingBranch.php |title=Fishing Branch Ni'iinlii'njik Park |publisher=Environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218002252/http://www.environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/FishingBranch.php |archive-date=December 18, 2010}}</ref> and [[Coal River Springs Territorial Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/CoalRiverSprings.php |title=Coal River Springs Territorial Park |publisher=Environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313062919/http://www.env.gov.yk.ca/parksconservation/CoalRiverSprings.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 13, 2012}}</ref> [[Parks Canada]], a federal agency of the [[Government of Canada]], also maintains three [[National Parks of Canada|national parks and reserves]] within the territory: [[Kluane National Park and Reserve]], [[Ivvavik National Park]], and [[Vuntut National Park]].
[[File:Whitehorse entrance Yukon Beringia.JPG|thumb|The [[Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre]] is an [[interpretive centre]] with a focus on the [[Beringia]] land bridge.]]
The Yukon is also home to twelve [[List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Yukon|National Historic Sites of Canada]]. The sites are also administered by [[Parks Canada]], with five of the twelve sites being located within national parks. The territory is host to [[List of museums in Yukon|a number of museums]], including the [[Copperbelt Railway & Mining Museum]], the [[SS Klondike|SS ''Klondike'']] boat museum, the [[Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre]] in Whitehorse; as well as the [[Keno City Mining Museum]] in [[Keno City]]. The territory also holds a number of enterprises that allows tourists to experience pre-colonial and modern cultures of Yukon's First Nations and Inuit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yfnta.org/ |title=Yukon First Nation Tourist Association |publisher=Yfnta.org |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524095311/http://www.yfnta.org/ |archive-date=May 24, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Culture==
The Yukon has a wide array of cultural and sporting events that attract artists, local residents, and tourists. Annual events include the [[Adäka Cultural Festival]], [[Dawson City Music Festival]], [[Yukon International Storytelling Festival]], [[Yukon Quest]] dog sled race, [[Yukon Sourdough Rendezvous]], as well as Klondike Gold Rush memorials<ref>{{cite web|title=Dawson Music Festival|url=https://www.dcmf.com|access-date=February 22, 2011|publisher=Dcmf.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre|url=https://www.beringia.com/|access-date=February 22, 2011|publisher=Beringia.com}}</ref> and the Northern Lights Centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern Lights Centre|url=https://www.northernlightscentre.ca/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203015418/http://northernlightscentre.ca/|archive-date=February 3, 2011|access-date=February 22, 2011|publisher=Northernlightscentre.ca}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=February 1, 2011|title=Whitehorse fish ladder|url=http://www.yukonenergy.ca/services/facilities/fishway/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903012416/http://www.yukonenergy.ca/services/facilities/fishway/|archive-date=September 3, 2010|access-date=February 22, 2011|publisher=Yukonenergy.ca}}</ref>
[[File:YQ Start Whitehorse 2005 0002.jpg|thumb|A musher during the start of the [[Yukon Quest]] dog sledding race in Whitehorse]]
The Yukon's Aboriginal culture is also strongly reflected in such areas as winter sports, as in the [[Yukon Quest]] sled dog race. The modern comic-book character [[Yukon Jack]] depicts a heroic aboriginal persona. Similarly, the territorial government also recognizes that First Nations and Inuit languages plays a part in cultural heritage of the territory; these languages include [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]], and the less common [[Tahltan]], as well as seven Athapaskan languages, [[Upper Tanana]], [[Gwich'in]], [[Hän people|Hän]], [[Northern Tutchone]], [[Southern Tutchone]], [[Kaska language|Kaska]], and [[Tagish]], some of which are rare.<ref>[http://www.pinnacle-travel.org/yukon/history-culture.htm Yukon Territory History and Culture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907074048/http://www.pinnacle-travel.org/yukon/history-culture.htm|date=September 7, 2011}}, Pinnacle Travel</ref>

===Arts===
{{See also|Music of Yukon}}
Notable Yukon artists include [[Jim Robb (painter)|Jim Robb]] and [[Ted Harrison]], whose paintings have become iconic for their depictions of historic and contemporary life and culture in the Yukon.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hocking|first=Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aet5AAAAMAAJ&q=%E2%80%9CTed+harrison%E2%80%9D+and+%E2%80%9CJim+Robb%E2%80%9D|title=The Yukon and Northwest Territories|publisher=McGraw-Hill Ryerson|year=1979|isbn=978-0-0708-2694-6|pages=29|language=en}}</ref>

With the [[Klondike Gold Rush]], a number of [[folk music|folk]] songs from the Yukon became popular, including "Rush to the Klondike" (1897, written by W. T. Diefenbaker), "The Klondike Gold Rush", "I've Got the Klondike Fever" (1898), and "La Chanson du Klondyke".

A notable cultural and tourist feature is the legacy of the [[Klondike Gold Rush]] (1897–1899), which inspired contemporary writers of the time such as [[Jack London]], [[Robert W. Service]], and [[Jules Verne]], and which continues to inspire films and games, such as Mae West's ''[[Klondike Annie]]'' and ''[[The Yukon Trail]]'' {{crossreference|(see [[Cultural legacy of the Klondike Gold Rush]])}}.

==Government==
===Yukon Legislature===
[[File:Yukon Legislature main entrance.jpg|thumb|The [[Yukon Legislative Building]] is the meeting place for the territory's [[Legislative Assembly of Yukon|legislative assembly]].]]
Executive power in the Yukon is formally vested in the [[Commissioner of Yukon|Territorial Commissioner]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-12 |title=About |url=https://commissionerofyukon.ca/about |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=commissionerofyukon.ca}}</ref> who plays an analogous role to that of a provincial [[lieutenant governor]]. As guarantor of [[responsible government]] in the territory, the Commissioner generally acts on the advice of the [[Premier of Yukon]], who commands the confidence of the elected [[Legislative Assembly of Yukon|Legislative Assembly]]. Unlike lieutenant governors, commissioners are not direct representatives of the [[Monarchy of Canada|King]] but are instead appointed by the federal government.

The Yukon has numerous political parties and candidates who stand for election to the 21 seats in the [[Yukon Legislative Assembly]]. Those elected to the legislature are known as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|members of the Legislative Assembly]] and may use the post-nominal letters "MLA". The three parties presently represented are the centre-right leaning [[Yukon Party]] (14 seats) – who currently form government, the centre-left leaning [[Yukon New Democratic Party]] (6), and the centre-leaning [[Yukon Liberal Party]] (1).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Silva|first=Steve|date=19 April 2021|title=Yukon NDP win final riding by rare drawing of lots, maintaining Liberal, Yukon Party tie in assembly|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/silver-governnment-vuntut-gwitchin-recount-result-1.5993478}}</ref>

The 12th and current [[premier of Yukon]] is [[Currie Dixon]]; he is the first premier born in the territory.<ref>[https://yukon.ca/en/your-government/office-premier/about-premier-mike-pemberton Yukon Government: About Premier Mike Pemberton.]</ref>

===Local government===
{{See also|List of municipalities in Yukon|List of communities in Yukon}}
[[File:Yukon municipalities.png|thumb|alt=Map showing locations of all municipalities of Yukon|Distribution of Yukon's eight municipalities by type]]
The vast majority of the Yukon's land mass is [[Unorganized Yukon|unorganized]], with no defined municipal or otherwise supralocal level of government like in other parts of Canada.

For most individuals in the Yukon, though, local level governance is provided by [[List of municipalities in Yukon|municipalities]]. The Yukon's eight [[municipality|municipalities]] cover only {{percentage|733.09|474712.68|1}} of the territory's land mass{{#tag:ref|The remaining 99.8% of Yukon's land mass contains two unincorporated [[Hamlet (place)|hamlets]], four [[Unorganized area (Canada)|unorganized areas]], four [[Indian settlement]]s, four self-governments ([[Indian reserve]]s), thirteen unincorporated [[Human settlement|settlements]] and a [[Teslin Tlingit Council|Teslin land]] claim.<ref name=StatCaninterim>{{cite web | url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0009x/92f0009x2013000-eng.pdf | title=Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names: From January 2, 2012 to January 1, 2013 | publisher=Statistics Canada | type=[[PDF]] | pages=6–7 | accessdate=August 19, 2014}}</ref> [[Unorganized Yukon]], one of the four unorganized areas, accounts for the vast majority of the territory's land mass, at {{percentage|465513.32|474712.64|1}}.<ref name=2016censusYKmunis>{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&PR=60&S=86&O=A&RPP=25 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Yukon) | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 8, 2017 | accessdate=February 11, 2017}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} but are home to {{percentage|29028|35874|1}} of its population.<ref name=2016censusYKmunis/><ref name=provinces>{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 6, 2017 | accessdate=February 11, 2017}}</ref><ref name=munis>{{cite web | url=http://www.community.gov.yk.ca/yukon_communities.html | title=Yukon Communities | publisher=Yukon Government: Department of Community Services | date=November 7, 2013 | accessdate=January 15, 2014 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116091318/http://www.community.gov.yk.ca/yukon_communities.html | archivedate=January 16, 2014 }}</ref>

Municipal governments are created by the Yukon Government in accordance with the ''Municipal Act'' of 2001.<ref name=MunicipalAct>{{cite web | url=http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/municipal.pdf | title=Municipal Act | publisher=Government of Yukon | year=2002 | accessdate=January 6, 2014}}</ref> Municipal governments provide "jurisdiction services, facilities, or things that a local government considers necessary or desirable for all or part of its community".<ref name=MunicipalAct/> Classifications of municipalities under the ''Municipal Act'' include [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s.<ref name=MunicipalAct/> [[Whitehorse, Yukon|Whitehorse]] is the capital of the Yukon and its only city. The remaining seven municipalities are towns, of which four were villages that were continued as towns upon adoption of the 2001 ''Municipal Act''.<ref name=MunicipalAct/>

The usage is somewhat confusing: according to the Municipal Act of 2001 villages are legally given the status of towns, but may call themselves villages in English. In French they are called villages, and the French word ville, which means town, is not used for them. Instead larger settlements are called ville and even bigger ones grande ville, apart from Dawson which is called a cité, and in English is also called a city. [[Keno City]], though unincorporated, also bears city in its name.

===History===
In the 19th century, the Yukon was a segment of [[North-Western Territory]] that was administered by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], and then of the Northwest Territories administered by the federal Canadian government. It only obtained a recognizable local government in 1895 when it became a separate [[Districts of the Northwest Territories|district of the Northwest Territories]].<ref>Coates and Morrison, p.74</ref> In 1898, it was made a separate territory with its own commissioner and an appointed Territorial Council.<ref>Coates and Morrison, p.103</ref>

[[File:North-western-territory.png|thumb|upright=1.3|From the early 19th century to 1870, the areas that made up the Yukon were administered by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] as the [[North-Western Territory]].]]
Prior to 1979, the territory was administered by the [[Commissioner#Canadian territories|commissioner]] who was appointed by the federal [[Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (Canada)|Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development]]. The commissioner had a role in appointing the territory's ''Executive Council'', served as chair, and had a day-to-day role in governing the territory. The elected ''Territorial Council'' had a purely advisory role. In 1979, a significant degree of power was [[Devolution|devolved]] from the commissioner and the federal government to the territorial legislature which, in that year, adopted a party system of [[responsible government]]. This change was accomplished through a letter from [[Jake Epp]], Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, rather than through formal legislation.

In preparation for [[responsible government]], political parties were organized and ran candidates to the [[Yukon Legislative Assembly]] for the first time in 1978. The [[Yukon Party|Progressive Conservatives]] won these elections and formed the first party government of the Yukon in January 1979. The [[Yukon New Democratic Party]] (NDP) formed the government from 1985 to 1992 under [[Tony Penikett]] and again from 1996 under [[Piers McDonald]] until being defeated in 2000. The conservatives returned to power in 1992 under [[John Ostashek]] after having renamed themselves the [[Yukon Party]]. The [[Yukon Liberal Party|Liberal]] government of [[Pat Duncan]] was defeated in elections in November 2002, with [[Dennis Fentie]] of the Yukon Party forming the government as [[Premier (Canada)|premier]]. In 2003, the old ''Yukon Act'' was repealed and replaced by a new ''Yukon Act'', which continued the existing powers of the Yukon Government, and devolved additional powers to the territorial government such as control over land and natural resources.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Graham |first1=Katherine |last2=Yarhi |first2=Eli |title=Territorial Government in Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/territorial-government |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref>

===Federal representation===
{{main|Yukon (electoral district)}}
At the federal level, the Yukon is represented in the [[Parliament of Canada]] by one member of Parliament (MP) and one [[Senate of Canada|senator]]. MPs from Canadian territories are full and equal voting representatives and residents of the territory enjoy the same rights as other Canadian citizens. One Yukon MP, [[Erik Nielsen]], served as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Canada|Deputy Prime Minister]] under [[Brian Mulroney]], while another, [[Audrey McLaughlin]], was the leader of the federal [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]] (NDP) from 1989 to 1995.

===First Nations===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=60%}}A substantial minority of the territory's population is [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]. An [[Yukon Land Claims|umbrella land claim agreement]] representing 7,432 members of fourteen different First Nations was signed with the federal government in 1993. Eleven of the fourteen Yukon First Nations have negotiated and signed comprehensive land claim and self-government agreements. The fourteen First Nations speak eight different languages.

The territory once had an [[Inuit]] settlement, located on [[Herschel Island]] off the [[Arctic Ocean]] coast. This settlement was dismantled in 1987 and its inhabitants relocated to the neighbouring Northwest Territories. As a result of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, the island is now a territorial park and is known officially as Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park, Qikiqtaruk being the name of the island in [[Inuvialuktun]].{{col-break|width=60%}}
{| class="wikitable" float: right;"
|-
! Government !! Seat !! Chief
|-
| [[Carcross/Tagish First Nation]] || [[Carcross, Yukon|Carcross]] || Khà Shâde Héni Andy Carvill<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctfn.ca/governance/2012-02-25-00-51-11/executive |title=Executive Council |publisher=Ctfn.ca |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023307/https://www.ctfn.ca/governance/2012-02-25-00-51-11/executive |archive-date=March 7, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Champagne and Aishihik First Nations]] || [[Haines Junction, Yukon|Haines Junction]] || Steve Smith<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cafn.ca/government/chief-council/ |title=Dän nätthe dä̀tthʼi (Chief and Council) |publisher=Champagne and Aishihik First Nations |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019135906/http://cafn.ca/government/chief-council/ |archive-date=October 19, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[First Nation of Na-cho Nyak Dun]] || [[Mayo, Yukon|Mayo]] || Simon Mervyn<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nndfn.com/departments/main-administration/ |title=Governance and Administration |publisher=First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun |date=October 20, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018233326/http://www.nndfn.com/departments/main-administration/ |archive-date=October 18, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Kluane First Nation]] || [[Burwash Landing, Yukon|Burwash Landing]] || Mathieya Alatini<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kfn.ca/index.php/government/chief-and-council |title=Chief and Council |publisher=Kluane First Nation |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024094012/http://kfn.ca/index.php/government/chief-and-council |archive-date=October 24, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Kwanlin Dün First Nation]] || [[Whitehorse, Yukon|Whitehorse]] || Doris Bill<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/doris-bill-elected-kwanlin-dun-chief-1.2580056 |title=Doris Bill elected Kwanlin Dun chief |publisher=CBC News |date=March 20, 2014 |access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Liard River First Nation]] || [[Watson Lake, Yukon|Watson Lake]] || Daniel Morris<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kaskadenacouncil.com/kaska-nations/liard-first-nation |title=Liard First Nation |publisher=Kaska Dena Council |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914213124/http://www.kaskadenacouncil.com/kaska-nations/liard-first-nation |archive-date=September 14, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation]] || [[Carmacks, Yukon|Carmacks]] || Eric Fairclough<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lscfn.ca/departments-c_c-res.html |title=Chief & Council |publisher=Little Salmon Carmacks First Nation |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112200935/http://www.lscfn.ca/departments-c_c-res.html |archive-date=January 12, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Ross River Dena Council]] || [[Ross River, Yukon|Ross River]] || Dylan Loblaw<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/dylan-loblaw-chief-ross-river-dena-nation-1.6386067 |title=Dylan Loblaw elected chief of Ross River Dena Council|publisher=CBC News |date=March 15, 2022|access-date=August 2, 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Selkirk First Nation]] || [[Pelly Crossing, Yukon|Pelly Crossing]] || Kevin McGinty<ref>{{cite web |author=Selkirk First Nation |url=http://www.selkirkfn.com/government/structure/council/ |title=The Council |publisher=Selkirk First Nation |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-date=June 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628002820/http://www.selkirkfn.com/government/structure/council/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Ta'an Kwach'an Council]] || Whitehorse || Kristina Kane<ref>{{cite web |url=http://taan.ca/governance/chief-and-council/ |title=Chief and Council |publisher=Government of the Ta'an Kwäch'än Council |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111160643/http://taan.ca/governance/chief-and-council/ |archive-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Teslin Tlingit Council]] || [[Teslin, Yukon|Teslin]] || Richard Sidney<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/richard-sidney-elected-chief-teslin-tlingit-1.3681143 |title=Richard Sidney elected chief of Teslin Tlingit Council |publisher=CBC News |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in]] || [[Dawson City, Yukon|Dawson City]] || Roberta Joseph<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/roberta-joseph-new-chief-of-dawson-s-tr-ondek-hwech-in-1.2794826 |title=Roberta Joseph new chief of Dawson's Tr'ondek Hwech'in |publisher=CBC News |date=October 10, 2014 |access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation]] || [[Old Crow, Yukon|Old Crow]] || Dana Tizya-Tramm<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/old-crow-vgfn-tizya-tramm-1.4974171 |title=Humbled Beyond Words Dana Tizya-Tramm becomes Chief of Vuntut Gwitchin |publisher=CBC News |date=January 11, 2019 |access-date=January 25, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[White River First Nation]] || [[Beaver Creek, Yukon|Beaver Creek]] || Angela Demit<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whiteriverfirstnation.com/chief-council/ |title=Chief & Council |publisher=White River First Nation |access-date=October 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005457/https://whiteriverfirstnation.com/chief-council/ |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>
|}
{{col-end}}

==Transportation==
Before modern forms of transportation, the rivers and mountain passes were the main transportation routes for the coastal [[Tlingit people]] trading with the Athabascans of the [[Chilkoot Pass]] and [[Dalton Trail]], as well as the first Europeans.

===Air===
{{see also|List of airports in Yukon}}
[[File:Whitehorse Airport, Yukon Territory.jpg|thumb|[[Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport]] serves as the air transport hub for Yukon.]]
[[Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport]] serves as the air transport infrastructure hub, with scheduled direct flights to [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Dawson City Airport|Dawson City]], [[Edmonton International Airport|Edmonton]], [[Inuvik (Mike Zubko) Airport|Inuvik]], [[Kelowna International Airport|Kelowna]], [[Old Crow]], [[Ottawa International Airport|Ottawa]], [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto–Pearson]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]], [[Victoria International Airport|Victoria]], and [[Yellowknife Airport|Yellowknife]]. It was formerly connected to [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]] by [[Condor (airline)|Condor]] before the airline temporarily suspended the route in 2023 until completion of runway reconstruction project when services are expected to resume.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2023 |title=Condor Airlines won't fly to Yukon for at least the next 2 summers |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/condor-airlines-whitehorse-airport-1.6815719 |website=CBC}}</ref>

===Rail===
{{Yukon rail network}}
The railway ceased operation in the 1980s with the first closure of the [[Faro, Yukon|Faro]] mine. It is now run during the summer months for the tourism season, with operations between [[Carcross, Yukon|Carcross]] and Skagway, Alaska.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/objects/ISSW16_P4.48.pdf|title=THE WHITE PASS AND YUKON ROUTE AVALANCHE PROGRAM, FORECASTING AND RISK MANAGEMENT FOR A HISTORICAL RAILROAD}}</ref>

===Roads===
{{see also|List of Yukon territorial highways}}
[[File:Yukon Highway.jpg|thumb|The [[Klondike Highway]] is one of several territorial highways in Yukon.]]
Today, major land routes include the [[Alaska Highway]], the [[Klondike Highway]] (between Skagway and Dawson City), the [[Haines Highway]] (between [[Haines, Alaska]], and [[Haines Junction, Yukon|Haines Junction]]), and the [[Dempster Highway]] (linking [[Inuvik]], Northwest Territories to the Klondike Highway, and the only road access route to the [[Arctic Ocean]] in Canada), all paved except for the Dempster. Other highways with less traffic include the [[Robert Campbell Highway]] linking [[Carmacks, Yukon|Carmacks]] (on the Klondike Highway) to [[Watson Lake, Yukon|Watson Lake]] (Alaska Highway) via Faro and [[Ross River, Yukon|Ross River]], and the [[Silver Trail]] linking the old silver mining communities of [[Mayo, Yukon|Mayo]], [[Elsa, Yukon|Elsa]], and [[Keno City, Yukon|Keno City]] to the Klondike Highway at the Stewart River bridge. Air travel is the only way to reach the far-north community of Old Crow.

===Waterways===
From the Gold Rush until the 1950s, riverboats plied the Yukon River, mostly between Whitehorse and Dawson City, with some making their way further to Alaska and over to the [[Bering Sea]], and other tributaries of the Yukon River such as the [[Stewart River (Yukon)|Stewart River]]. Most of the riverboats were owned by the British-Yukon Navigation Company, an arm of the [[White Pass and Yukon Route]], which also operated a [[narrow-gauge railway]] between [[Skagway, Alaska]], and Whitehorse.

==See also==
{{portal|Canada}}
* [[Outline of Yukon]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Coates |first=Kenneth |year=1985 |title=Canada's colonies: a history of the Yukon and Northwest Territories |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPXVRynQH5wC&q=Yukon&pg=PP1 |publisher=Lorimer |isbn=0-8886-2931-1}}
* {{Citation |first1=Ken S. |last1=Coates |name-list-style=amp |first2=William R. |last2=Morrison |year=1988 |title=Land of the Midnight Sun: A History of the Yukon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_q_H8vdlezsC&q=Yukon&pg=PP1 |publisher=Hurtig Publishers |location=Edmonton |isbn=0-8883-0331-9}}
* {{citation |last=Cody |first=William J |year=2000 |title=Flora of the Yukon Territory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5hfWWmwE78C&q=Yukon&pg=PP1 |publisher=National Research Press |isbn=0-6601-8110-X}}
* {{citation |last=Hart |first=Ann |year=2000 |title=Alaska and the Yukon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LiyDDMG2e3cC&q=Yukon&pg=PP1 |publisher=JPM Publications |isbn=2-8845-2051-1}}
* {{citation |last=Laguna |first=Frederica De |year=2000 |title=Travels among the Dena : exploring Alaska's Yukon Valley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UK_s4nMIaucC&q=Yukon&pg=PP1 |publisher=Univ. of Washington Press |isbn=0-2959-7902-X}}
* {{citation |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Shauna |first2=Brennan |last2=O'Reilly |year=2009 |title=Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RRG0UkaI5HMC&q=Yukon&pg=PP1 |publisher=Arcadia Pub |isbn=978-0-7385-7132-4}}
* {{citation |last=Webb |first=Melody |year=1993 |title=Yukon: The Last Frontier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-WsBum6UckC&q=Yukon&pg=PP1 |publisher=University of British Columbia Press |isbn=0-7748-0441-6}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|name=Official website of the Government of Yukon}}
* [https://www.yukoninfo.com/ Yukon Attraction & Service Guides]

{{Provinces and territories of Canada}}
{{Northern Canada}}
{{Subdivisions of Yukon}}
{{Yukon politics}}
{{Polar regions}}
{{Sister bar|auto=1|voy =Yukon}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Yukon| ]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:Census divisions of the Canadian territories]]
[[Category:Beaufort Sea]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1898]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in Yukon]]
[[Category:Arctic Ocean]]
[[Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]]
[[Category:Countries and territories where English is an official language]]
[[Category:Countries and territories where French is an official language]]

Jampore Beach

2026-03-04T18:22:22Z

TammieNeedham: Stub.

{{Short description|Beach in Daman, India}}
{{Infobox beach
| name = Jampore Beach
| image = Jampore_Beach_%2878525%29.jpg
| image_caption =
| location = [[Daman, India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|20.3970|N|72.8320|E|display=inline,title}}
| type = Natural beach
| length = Approx. 5 km
| activities =
}}
'''Jampore Beach''' is a beach located in [[Daman, India|Daman]] in the union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[India]]. It is situated along the coast of Gujarat in the [[Arabian Sea]] about 4 km from Moti Daman. It is relatively secluded and has calm waters, blackish-brown sand, and scenic sunset views.<ref>https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-and-daman-and-diu/daman/jampore-beach</ref>

== Tourism ==
The Tourism department has developed it as a tourist attractions with activities like camel and horse rides and parasailing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jampore Beach {{!}} Places To Visit {{!}} Diu |url=https://dnhddtourism.in/daman/place-to-visit/Beaches/jampore-beach |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=dnhddtourism.in}}</ref> Jampore beach is connected by road and the nearest railway station is [[Vapi railway station]], about 12 km away in Gujarat. The nearest airports are [[Surat Airport]] (90 km) and Mumbai (170 km).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jampore Beach {{!}} UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu {{!}} India |url=https://ddd.gov.in/places-centres/jampore-beach/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2024, the Daman district administration banned tourists to the beach for a month till August end as a safety precaution. But within two day, it was reported that two men drowned.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-29 |title=Viral video captures 2 men drowning in sea at Jampore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/viral-video-captures-2-men-drowning-in-sea-at-jampore/articleshow/111353396.cms |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The beach was in the news earlier in February 2022, a 20-year-old woman and four girls drowned in a creek near the beach and in May 2022, three people were injured during parasailing at the beach.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-23 |title=Parasailing disaster: Two men, child injured in Daman as parachute gives way |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/surat/parasailing-disaster-two-men-child-injured-in-daman-as-parachute-gives-way-7932209/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=3 February 2022 |title=Four girls drown in creek in Daman; one rescued |url=https://theprint.in/india/four-girls-drown-in-creek-in-daman-one-rescued/820827/ |access-date=27 February 2026 |work=The Print}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Daman, India]]
* [[List of beaches in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Beaches of India]]
[[Category:Daman district, India]]

Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu

2026-03-04T04:47:31Z

TammieNeedham: Stub

{{short description|1978 film by C. V. Sridhar}}
{{distinguish|Ilamai Oonjal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar]]
| writer = C. V. Sridhar
| producer = Kannaiyaa
| starring = {{ubl | [[Kamal Haasan]] | [[Rajinikanth]] | [[Sripriya]] | [[Jayachitra]]}}
| cinematography = [[P. S. Nivas]]
| editing = Kottagiri Gopalrao
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Sri Chitra
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|1978|6|9|df=y}}
| runtime = 141–150 minutes{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=8}}{{sfn|Dharap|1978|p=317}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu''''' ({{translation|Youth is swinging}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]] written and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Rajinikanth]], [[Sripriya]] and [[Jayachitra]]. It focuses on two women falling in love with the same man.

''Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu'' was released on 9 June 1978. The film ran for 175 days in theatres, and won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Third Best Film]]. Sridhar later remade the film in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Vayasu Pilichindi]]'' the same year, with several cast members reprising their roles, and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Dil-e-Nadaan]]'' (1982).

== Plot ==
Prabhu, an orphan, is brought up by his friend Murali's mother and is the general manager for Murali's marketing agency at [[Chennai|Madras]]. Murali treats Prabhu not just as a friend, but as a brother and depends on him for all business decisions. Prabhu is in love with Padma, a college student. Padma's relative Jayanthi is a young widow who works at Murali's office. Murali, an alcoholic with a roving eye, is not aware of Prabhu's love for Padma. Padma is the only girl who rejects Murali's advances. Though Jayanthi knows about the love affair between Prabhu and Padma, Prabhu's presence stimulates her sexually. Once she accompanies Prabhu and Padma for a film screening and unable to control her sexual feelings, comes out. Murali offers her a lift in his car; both get excited in the privacy of the car, but suddenly feel guilty about the incident.

A disturbed Jayanthi avails leave and goes to her village and Padma joins her, as Prabhu goes on an official tour. Prabhu, planning to surprise Padma, proceeds to Jayanthi's village to meet Padma. When Prabhu lands at Jayanthi's home, she is alone as Padma has gone to attend a wedding in a nearby village. Jayanthi convinces Prabhu to stay back overnight, so that he can meet Padma the next day. Jayanthi arouses Prabhu in the night and they make love. Prabhu, feeling guilty about the whole event, writes a letter of apology to Jayanthi and leaves. Devastated to read the note when she returns to Jayanthi's house, Padma returns to Madras, where she starts distancing herself from Prabhu without revealing why.

Murali continues to pursue Padma. When she falls down, he saves her and gets her admitted in a hospital, impressing her father. Murali happily informs Prabhu about his feelings for Padma; being a good friend and grateful for the help given by Murali's family, Prabhu remains silent. He accompanies Murali's mother to formally propose Murali's marriage with Padma. Padma's father accepts the proposal, and Padma remains silent. When Prabhu confronts her, she reveals that she had read his letter to Jayanthi, who is carrying his child. Shocked with the news, Prabhu leaves Madras without informing Murali and his mother and they feel upset thinking Prabhu is angry with them. Later Jayanthi writes a letter to Prabhu informing him of her pregnancy. Murali reads the letter and now knows why Prabhu left abruptly. Enraged, he severs ties with Prabhu then and there.

Prabhu searches for Jayanthi and finds her in [[Bangalore]]. He makes arrangements to marry her, but she has an accident. Before she dies, he ties a ''[[Mangala sutra|thaali]]'' around her neck, giving her the dignity of a wife. He relocates to [[Ooty]]. Meanwhile, Murali and Padma's wedding is postponed, as Murali falls ill and is advised rest by his doctor. He and Padma come to an estate on holiday, unaware that Prabhu works there. Prabhu meets them without realising that Murali knows about him and Jayanthi and apologises to Murali for leaving their home suddenly. While Murali is in no mood to forgive him, Padma, on learning that Prabhu married Jayanthi before she died, forgives him and tries to become close to him again.

Murali sees Padma and Prabhu together. Enraged, he takes Prabhu to a cliff; when he is about to shoot him, Padma reveals that they were originally in love and how they broke up due to Jayanthi's interference and Prabhu's honourable act in making Jayanthi his wife and legitimising their child, before she died. Murali and Prabhu reconcile, and Murali presents Padma to Prabhu as he knows they truly love each other, and leaves for Madras.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Kamal Haasan]] as Prabhu{{Sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=78}}
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Murali{{Sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=78}}
* [[Sripriya]] as Padma{{Sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=78}}
* [[Jayachitra]] as Jayanthi{{Sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=79}}
* [[Y. G. Parthasarathy]] as Padma's father
* [[Nirmalamma]] as Murali's mother
* [[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]]
* [[A. K. Veerasamy]]
* [[Kantha Rao]]
* Pushpakumari
* Jayasheela
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] in a guest appearance
}}

== Production ==

''Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu'' was produced under the banner Sri Chitra and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]], who also wrote its story and screenplay.{{sfn|Dharap|1978|p=317}} It was also the first collaboration between him and [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2013 |title=படையப்பாவின் படிக்கட்டுகள்: ரஜினி பிறந்தாள் ஸ்பெஷல்!! |trans-title=The Stairways of Padayappa: Rajini Birthday Special!! |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/16054/special-report/Rajini-Birthday-Special.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180320085350/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/cinema-news/16054/special-report/Rajini-Birthday-Special.htm |archive-date=20 March 2018 |access-date=20 March 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> It was [[Kamal Haasan]] who recommended Rajinikanth for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2018 |title=Happy birthday Kamal Haasan: 5 nicest things Rajinikanth has said about the Ulaganayagan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-kamal-haasan-what-rajinikanth-has-said-about-ulaganayagan-5436928/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618042854/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-kamal-haasan-what-rajinikanth-has-said-about-ulaganayagan-5436928/ |archive-date=18 June 2019 |access-date=18 June 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Sridhar initially wanted to do this film with different actors; however his assistants [[P. Vasu]] and [[Santhana Bharathi]] wanted Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan, and though Sridhar was initially against their decision, he later agreed to cast them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=திரை பாரதி |date=16 October 2022 |title=ஆறிலிருந்து எழுபது வரை: ரஜினி சரிதம் - 81 |url=https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/rajini-saritham-81 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317100512/https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/rajini-saritham-81 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref> Editing was handled by Kottagiri Gopalrao, and cinematography by [[P. S. Nivas]].{{sfn|Dharap|1978|p=317}} Though [[Jayachitra]] was hesitant to act in the film, she was convinced by Sridhar. Due to her commitments to other films, she gave only a few call-sheet dates.<ref>{{Cite web |last=சந்திரமௌலி |first=எஸ். |date=26 December 2014 |title=தண்ணி கருத்திருச்சு... |url=http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=23290&ncat=19&Print=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203054038/http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=23290&ncat=19&Print=1 |archive-date=3 February 2017 |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and the lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elamai Oonjalaadugiradhu Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by Ilaiyaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/elamai-oonjalaadugiradhu-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilaiyaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701093902/https://mossymart.com/product/elamai-oonjalaadugiradhu-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilaiyaraja/ |archive-date=1 July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Illamai Oonjaladuthu (1978) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000059 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509044343/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000059 |archive-date=9 May 2012 |access-date=17 February 2018 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Ore Naal Unnai Naan" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as Pahadi,{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=150}} and "Kinnaththil Then" is set in [[Vakulabharanam]].{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=130}} [[Jazz]] trumpeter Frank Dubier and gospel trumpeter Stephen Lazarus played the instruments in the [[disco]] song "Ennadi Meenakshi".<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2017 |title=Jazz maestro Frank Dubier no more |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jazz-maestro-frank-dubier-no-more/article18284022.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323091934/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jazz-maestro-frank-dubier-no-more/article18284022.ece |archive-date=23 March 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The song "Thanni Karuthirichu" was remixed by [[Achu Rajamani]] for ''[[Nenu Meeku Telusa?|Ennai Theriyuma]]'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2017 |title=சிம்புவின் கூலிங் கிளாஸை திருடிய பிரபல நடிகர் |trans-title=The popular actor who stole Simbu's cooling glasses |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/62149/cinema/Kollywood/Manchu-Manoj-stole-Simbu-cooler.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217070857/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/62149/cinema/Kollywood/Manchu-Manoj-stole-Simbu-cooler.htm |archive-date=17 February 2018 |access-date=17 February 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=4 September 2008 |title=Music review: Nenu Meeku Telusa (Telugu, OST) |url=https://milliblog.com/2008/09/04/music-review-nenu-meeku-telusa-telugu-ost/comment-page-1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729075602/https://milliblog.com/2008/09/04/music-review-nenu-meeku-telusa-telugu-ost/comment-page-1/ |archive-date=29 July 2024 |access-date=29 July 2024 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A remix version of "Ennadi Meenakshi" is featured on music artist M. Rafi's album ''Aasaiyae Alaipolae''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=2 November 2007 |title=Mix and match |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/11/02/stories/2007110250280800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104110903/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/11/02/stories/2007110250280800.htm |archive-date=4 November 2007 |access-date=11 November 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In May 2015, music composer [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] commented on "Ennadi Meenakshi", "I've always believed that songs should express some emotion, some feeling. This song is a perfect example of what I believe in. It's simple, yet so dramatic. The element of drama in this song is so inherent to this film."<ref name="Salute">{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=9 May 2015 |title=Salute to Ilaiyaraaja, the king |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/salute-to-ilaiyaraaja/article7188356.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920115654/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/salute-to-ilaiyaraaja/article7188356.ece |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=20 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ennadi Meenakshi
| length1 = 4:00
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| title2 = Ore Naal Unnai Naan
| length2 = 4:24
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Vani Jairam]]
| title3 = Kinnaththil Then
| length3 = 3:54
| extra3 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
| title4 = Nee Kettaal Naan
| length4 = 4:33
| extra4 = Vani Jairam
| title5 = Thanni Karuthiruchi
| length5 = 4:21
| extra5 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu'' was released on 9 June 1978.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=8}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=9 June 2021 |title=43 ஆண்டுகளாகியும் இன்னும் 'இளமை ஊஞ்சலாடுகிறது!' |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/680208-43-years-of-ilamai-unjaladukiradhu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613054909/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/680208-43-years-of-ilamai-unjaladukiradhu.html |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> The Review Board of ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'', in a review dated 25 June 1978, rated the film 57.5 out of 100, praising Sridhar's screenplay and the limited usage of dialogues. The Board wrote that Sridhar proved that Tamil films could be made without a comedy subplot and a separate villain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 1978 |title=''இளமை ஊஞ்சலாடுகிறது'' |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/43978--2 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200317043724/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/43978--2 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |access-date=17 March 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Kousigan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Nivas' cinematography, but took issues with the overuse of English dialogues. He also appreciated the film for not having a comedy subplot, action sequences or [[masala film|masala]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=கெளசிகன் |date=18 June 1978 |title=இளமை ஊஞ்சலாடுகிறது |url=https://postimg.cc/f3RRMb12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627090718/https://postimg.cc/f3RRMb12 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |access-date=27 June 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=41 |language=ta}}</ref> The film was a commercial success, running for 175 days in theatres,<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2017 |title=வெள்ளி விழா கண்ட தமிழ் திரைப்படங்கள் |trans-title=Films that became silver jubilees |url=http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170329085911/http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |archive-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=17 February 2018 |website=Thinnai |language=ta}}</ref> and won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Third Best Film]].{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=9}}

== Remakes ==
Sridhar remade the film in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Vayasu Pilichindi]]'', which released two months after the original, and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Dil-e-Nadaan]]'' (1982). While the main cast returned for the Telugu version, the Hindi version starred [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Jaya Prada]] and [[Smita Patil]].{{Sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=79}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1977–2010 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dharap |first=B. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AckHAQAAIAAJ&q=%22ILAMAI+OONJALADUGIRADHU%22 |title=Indian Films |publisher=Motion Picture Enterprises |year=1978}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-81-8475-796-5 |orig-date=2012}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{C. V. Sridhar}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}

[[Category:1978 romance films]]
[[Category:1978 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]

Chandni Chowk (film)

2026-03-04T04:09:03Z

TammieNeedham: further corrected page for clarity additionally and corrected details

{{Other uses|Chandni Chowk (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chandni Chowk
| image = Chandni Chowk 1954.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[B. R. Chopra]]
| producer = Prince Hira Sinh of Baria Goverdhandas Aggarwal
| writer = D. P. Berry
| starring = [[Meena Kumari]] Shekhar
| music = [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]]
| cinematography = Keki Mistry
| editing = Pran Mehra
| distributor =
| studio = Hira Films
| released = {{Film date|1954}}
| runtime = 129 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
}}
'''''Chandni Chowk''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1954|1954]] classic [[Muslim social]] drama film directed by [[B. R. Chopra]].<ref name=citwf/><ref name=Cinemaazi/>

The music was composed by [[Roshan (music director)|Roshan]] with lyrics written by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], [[Saifuddin Saif]], Kamil Rashid, [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] and [[Raja Mehdi Ali Khan]].<ref name=hindigeetmala>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/chandani_chowk.htm|title=Chandni Chowk (1954 film)|publisher=HindiGeetmala.net website|access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref>

Story was by D. P. Berry with screenplay by [[I. S. Johar]] and dialogue written by Kamil Rashid. Produced by Prince Hira Sinh of Baria and Goverdhandas Aggarwal under the banner of Hira Films. The director of photography was Keki Mistry. The film starred [[Meena Kumari]], Shekhar, [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], [[Achala Sachdev]] and [[Smriti Biswas]].<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film58017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225920/http://www.citwf.com/film58017.htm|title=Chandni Chowk (film)|website=Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref>

The main hero Shekhar was one of the less appreciated lead actors of the 1940s and 1950s but has been cited as a "master of realistic portrayals" usually cast in "mid-budget films".<ref name="Raj2009">{{cite book|author=Ashok Raj|title=Hero Vol.1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT251|date=1 November 2009|isbn=978-93-81398-02-9|pages=251–}}</ref>

The story involves a Nawab belonging to the [[Chandni Chowk]] area of [[Delhi]] in the early 1920s, who gets "tricked into marrying his daughter to the gardener's son". In October 2015, [[Deepa Gahlot]] mentioned the film in her book ''50 Films that Deserve a New Audience''.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gahlot|first1=Deepa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEqwDAAAQBAJ&q=gateway+of+india+1957+film&pg=PT145|title=Take-2: 50 Films That Deserve a New Audience|date=October 2015|publisher=Hay House |isbn=9789384544850}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film is set in the early 1920s in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi. Nawab Safdarjung (Kumar) has a young daughter Zarina ([[Meena Kumari]]), whom he's keen to get married off. One of the applicants for her hand in marriage is the young Nawab Akbar (Shekhar) of Lucknow. After the wedding takes place, Nawab Safdarjung is informed by Ibrahim Beg ([[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]]) that Akbar is, in fact, the gardener's son. The plot to introduce Akbar as a Nawab was conceived by Ibrahim to teach the arrogant Nawab a lesson when he refused his newly rich neighbour, Yusuf's ([[Agha (actor)|Agha]]) proposal to marry Zarina, by haughtily declining it for him being a mere vegetable vendor. Angry on learning about the subterfuge, the Nawab calls off the marriage. Zarina however, decides to go to her in-laws' house as she now considers Akbar her husband. Akbar leaves for Egypt in the hope of earning money. He finds a job there and soon gets entangled with a dancer Noorie (Smriti Biswas), who falls in love with him. Noorie creates grave misunderstandings in Zarina's life when she reads Zarina's letter to Akbar. She sends off a wire informing the in-laws that Akbar is dead. Finally, Noorie dies telling Akbar about the misunderstanding created, and Akbar returns home to his bride.

==Cast==
* [[Meena Kumari]] as Zarina<ref name=citwf/><ref name=hindigeetmala/><ref name=Cinemaazi/>
* Shekhar as Akbar<ref name=citwf/><ref name=hindigeetmala/>
* [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] as Ibrahim<ref name=citwf/><ref name=hindigeetmala/><ref name=Cinemaazi/>
* [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] as Yusuf<ref name=citwf/><ref name=hindigeetmala/>
* [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]] as Kallan
* Kumar as Nawab Safdar Jung<ref name=citwf/><ref name=hindigeetmala/>
* Yashodra Kathju as Shabnam
* [[Tun Tun]]
* [[Smriti Biswas]] as Noorie<ref name=citwf/>
* Pratima Devi as Akbar's mother
* [[Achala Sachdev]] as Begum<ref name=citwf/><ref name=hindigeetmala/><ref name=Cinemaazi/>
* Krishna Kumari as Laila
* Ramma Sharma as Suraiya
* Kammo as Dancer
* Srinath as Arif
* Abbas Ajmeri as Zaman Khan
* [[Manmohan Krishna]] as Mirza
* [[Kumari Naaz|Naaz]] as Young Zarina
* [[Master Romi|Romi]] as Young Akbar

==Box office==
B. R. Chopra had shifted to [[Bombay]] from [[Lahore]], where he edited the ''Cine-Herald''.<ref name=TOI/> In Bombay, Chopra joined Shri Gopal Pictures as a producer. Chopra's first film as a director, ''[[Afsana (1951 film)|Afsana]]'' (1951) was a big hit running for over twenty-five weeks (silver-jubilee).<ref name=TOI>{{cite news|last1=Dubey|first1=Bharati|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mumbai/Films_transformed_Chopras_destiny_and_vice-versa/articleshow/3678768.cms|access-date=27 November 2022|newspaper=Times of India |date=6 November 2008|title=Films transformed Chopra's destiny and vice-versa}}</ref> ''Chandni Chowk'', Chopra's third directorial venture was also a big success at the box office, which gave him the impetus to start his own film company B. R. Films in 1956.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Chandni Chowk (1954 film) on Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA48|date=10 July 2014|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|pages=1994–}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film's music director was Roshan, who went on to compose music for films such as ''[[Barsaat Ki Raat|Barsat Ki Rat]]'' (1960) and ''[[Taj Mahal (1963 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (1963), winning the [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director]] for the latter film.<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003">{{cite book|author1=Gulazāra|author2=Govind Nihalani|author3=Saibal Chatterjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT639|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|pages=639–}}</ref> With lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri, Kamil Rashid, Shailendra, Raja Mehdi Ali Khan and Saifuddin Saif. The film's credits however, name only Majrooh Sultanpuri, Shailendra and Raja Mehdi Ali Khan as the lyricists. The playback singing was provided by [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]], [[Shamshad Begum]] and [[Usha Mangeshkar]].<ref name=Cinemaazi>{{cite web|url= https://www.cinemaazi.com/film/chandni-chowk|title=Chandni Chowk (1954 film)|website=Indian Cinema Heritage Foundation (Cinemaazi.com) website |access-date=27 February 2025|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423051214/https://www.cinemaazi.com/film/chandni-chowk}}</ref><ref name=hindigeetmala/>

===Song list===
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Hamen Ae Dil Kahin Le Chal" <ref name=hindigeetmala/>
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| "Zameen Bhi Wohi Hai Wohi Aasmaan" <ref name=hindigeetmala/>
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Bahak Chale Mere Nainwa" <ref name=hindigeetmala/>
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Jadu Bura Bangal Ka"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Chhupa Sakoon Na"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Aa Jaye Janewale" <ref name=hindigeetmala/>
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Tera Dil Kahan Hai"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Jitne Bhi Gham Hain"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Har Baat Poochhiye Yeh Haqeeqat Na Poochhiye, Humko Kisise Kyun Hai Mohabbat Na Poochhiye"
| Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, [[Shamshad Begum]]
|-
| "Qutub Minar Pe Chadhkar" <ref name=hindigeetmala/>
| Shamshad Begum
|-
| "Ae Khuda Majboor Ki Fariyad"
| [[Mubarak Begum]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0139108|Chandni Chowk}}

{{B. R. Chopra}}

[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Roshan (music director)]]
[[Category:1954 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1954 Indian films]]
[[Category:1950s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. R. Chopra]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1954 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about courtesans in India]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]

Abraham & Lincoln

2026-03-03T21:33:18Z

TammieNeedham: put up info - done

{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Abraham & Lincoln
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Pramod Pappan]]
| producer = Fab Associates
| writer = [[Dennis Joseph]]
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Kalabhavan Mani]] [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]]
| music = [[Ouseppachan]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2007|03}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Abraham & Lincoln''''' is a 2007 [[India]]n [[Malayalam language]] [[action-thriller]] film directed by [[Pramod Pappan]] and written by [[Dennis Joseph]]. The film stars [[Kalabhavan Mani]] and [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] starring in the titular roles, with [[Shweta Menon]], [[Neha Pendse]], [[Anoop Menon]], Bineesh Kodiyeri, [[Rajan P. Dev]], [[Salim Kumar]], and [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] in supporting roles. The film was inspired from the 2004 Hindi film, [[Dhoom]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3379/malayalam/abraham-and-lincoln/1115/review.htm | title=Abraham and Lincoln Review | Abraham and Lincoln Malayalam Movie Review by Unni Nair | date=27 March 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/abraham-and-lincoln-review-malayalam-movie-8885 | title=Abraham and Lincoln review. Abraham and Lincoln Malayalam movie review, story, rating }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.webindia123.com/movie/regional/preview/april2007/abrahamlincon/index.htm | title=Abraham and Lincoln-Abraham and Lincoln Malayalam movie preview-malyalam film Abraham and Lincoln }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/abraham-lincoln-to-hit-screen-on-sept-14-malayalam-news-33371 | title='Abraham & Lincoln' to hit screen on Sept 14 - Malayalam News | date=3 September 2007 }}</ref> It is the first Malayalam film to use the [[Bullet time]] effect for its action sequences.

==Plot==
The film starts by showing a gold smuggling syndicate named Sonar Kella. Sonar Kella's owner, Shankarnath, hires a bike racer to smuggle some gold, but on the way, the racer was killed by the henchmen of Sonar Kella's rival gang named Ravuther Group. Gangster Abraham, the bike racer's brother, investigates the death of his brother. Along the way, he discovers some shocking information that strengthens his determination to find his brother's killer. He becomes a hired thug and infiltrates the [[mafia]]. At the same time, [[Circle Inspector|Police Officer]] Lincoln, begins investigating the same mafia that Abraham has just joined. Lincoln suspects that they are to blame for ruining his brother's life. Abraham's life takes an unexpected turn as he joins forces with Lincoln in an effort to take the criminals down.

==Cast==
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Abraham Dominic.
* [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as SI. Lincoln George
* [[Anoop Menon]] as Collector Philip Mathew
* [[Dinesh Prabhakar]] as Constable
* [[Neha Pendse]] as Nancy
* [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] as Ameen
* [[Shwetha Menon]] as Lulu
* Bineesh Kodiyeri as Balu
* [[Kalabhavan Narayanankutty]]
* [[Kollam Thulasi]] as Balu's father
* [[Balachandran Chullikkadu]] as Chief Minister
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Constable Marcos
* [[Rajan P. Dev]] as Rawther, owner of Rawther Group
* [[TG Ravi]] as Minister Kottara Mathan
* Vimal Raj as Rawther Group's gunda leader
* Kiran Raj as Sonarkella Shankarnath's henchman
* [[Biyon]] as Ramu
* [[Sreejith Ravi]] as Usman
* [[Manu Mohith]] as 'Sonar Kella' Shankar Nath

==Soundtrack==

The music album of the movie was composed by [[Ouseppachan]]. The lyrics were written by [[Balachandran Chullikkadu|Balachandran Chullikkad]].

{|class="wikitable"
! Track !! Song title !! Singers
|-
| 1 || "Udurajamukhi" (Male) || [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
| 2 || "Udurajamukhi" (Female) || [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]]
|-
| 3 || "Kezhaman Kannale" || [[Kalabhavan Mani]] and [[Rimi Tomy]], [[Madhu Balakrishnan]] (raga)
|-
| 4 || "Indrasabha" || [[Sayanora Philip]]
|-
| 5 || "Konbodu Kuzhalodu" || Balu, [[Franco Simon]] and [[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1102159}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abraham and Lincoln}}
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pramod Pappan]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Happy Days (2007 film)

2026-03-03T18:05:43Z

TammieNeedham: fixed issues

{{short description|Film by Sekhar Kammula}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Happy Days
| image = Happy Days (2007 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sekhar Kammula]]
| producer = Sekhar Kammula
| writer = Sekhar Kammula
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Varun Sandesh]]
*[[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
*[[Rahul Haridas]]
*[[Nikhil Siddharth]]
*Vamsee Krishna
*[[Sonia Deepti]]
*Gayatri Rao
*Monali Chowdhary}}
| music = [[Mickey J. Meyer]]
| cinematography = [[Vijay C. Kumar]]
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| studio = Amigos Creations
| distributor = [[Amigos Creations]]
| released = {{plainlist|
{{Film date|2007|09|28|United States|2007|10|02|India|df=y}}}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|2–3 crore}}<ref name= "budget">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2009/oct/25/happy-days-arent-money-driven-97942.html |title=Happy days aren't money-driven |website=The New Indian Express |date=25 October 2009 |access-date=1 June 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215604/https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2009/oct/25/happy-days-arent-money-driven-97942.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}18.59 crore [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2007 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2007/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=14 April 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''''Happy Days ''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[musical film|musical]] [[coming of age film]] written, produced and directed by [[Sekhar Kammula]]. The film features [[Varun Sandesh]], [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], [[Rahul Haridas]], [[Nikhil Siddharth]], Vamsee Krishna, [[Sonia Deepti]], Gayatri Rao, and Monali Chowdhary in the lead roles.

The film follows eight diverse students pursuing [[engineering]] at [[Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology|CBIT]] navigating their four years of college life. It explores their friendships, rivalries, romantic relationships, and self-discovery, capturing the essence of campus experiences and the transition into adulthood.

The film received a positive response and was a huge box office success, redefining the coming-of-age college drama in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2025 |title=Dollar Dreams to Love Story: 5 Sekhar Kammula films you must watch before Kuberaa |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dollar-dreams-to-love-story-5-sekhar-kammula-films-you-must-watch-before-kuberaa/photostory/121951708.cms?picid=121951884 }}</ref><ref name="budget" /> The film won three [[Nandi Awards]], and six [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref name="idlebrain.com">[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2007.html "Nandi awards 2007 announced – Telugu cinema news"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531021540/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2007.html |date=31 May 2015 }}. Idlebrain.com (12 January 2008). Retrieved on 2016-05-11.</ref><ref name="bharatstudent.com">[http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/view_news-Malayalam-News_and_Gossips-4,27721.php "55th Annual Tiger Balm South Filmfare Awards 2008: Winners – Malluwood News & Gossips"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904234147/http://www.bharatstudent.com/cafebharat/view_news-Malayalam-News_and_Gossips-4,27721.php |date=4 September 2012 }}. Bharatstudent.com (14 July 2008). Retrieved on 2016-05-11.</ref> Happy Days is widely considered a modern classic of Telugu cinema, holding significant cultural impact, notably influencing many students to pursue engineering. The film was dubbed was remade in Kannada as ''[[Jolly Days (film)|Jolly Days]]'' and in Tamil as ''[[Inidhu Inidhu]]'' by actor [[Prakash Raj]].

==Plot==
{{AI-generated|date=December 2025|section=Plot}}

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Varun Sandesh]] as Chandrashekar "Chandu"
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] as Madhu (voiced by [[Sunitha (Telugu singer)|Sunitha]])
* [[Nikhil Siddharth]] as Rajesh
* Gayatri Rao as Aparna "Appu"
* [[Rahul Haridas]] as Arjun "Tyson"
* [[Sonia Deepti]] as Shravanthi "Shravs"
* Vamsee Chaganti as Shankar
* Monali Chowdhary as Sangeetha
* Gururaj Manepalli as the Dean of [[Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology|CBIT]]
* [[Krishnudu]] as Bandodu
* [[Ranadhir Reddy]] as Naveen
* [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]] as Sanjay
* Vamshi as Paidithalli
* Adithya as Praveen
* Shruti as Prashanthi
* Sandhya Janak as Madhu's mother<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tollywoods-favorite-mommy-sandhya-janak/articleshow/13034616.cms|title=Tollywood's favorite mommy|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 May 2012|access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref>
;Cameo appearance
* [[Kamalinee Mukherjee]] as Shreya Madam
}}

==Production==

===Casting===
Sekhar Kammula held a talent search at Big FM and idlebrain.com and managed to select seven of the eight lead actors. He had to cast [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] as a suitable actress was not found.<ref name=int>[http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/sekharkammula2.html Idle Brain Interview with Sekhar Kammula] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221143051/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/sekharkammula2.html |date=21 December 2007 }}. Idlebrain.com (26 September 2007). Retrieved on 2016-05-11.</ref> The main lead of the film, [[Varun Sandesh]], was selected using the internet without any direct audition. He sent his photograph by e-mail in response to the idlebrain.com advertisement and subsequently sent a video clip of himself enacting certain scenes along with a song. Damidi Kamalakar Reddy, founding Secretary and Treasurer of Chaitanya Engineering College, acted as a Professor/Lecturer in a brief cameo role.

===Filming===
Most of the shooting took place at [[Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology]] (CBIT) and [[Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology]] (MGIT). The opening scene between Appu and Rajesh was shot in MGIT with select scenes shot outdoors. Sekhar being an alumnus of CBIT, found it to be a suitable location. He had to arrange a special screening of ''[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]'' to the chairman of CBIT and its board members to convince them for an on-site shoot. Apparently, after watching ''Anand'', the board granted their permission to shoot the film.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-happydays.html| title=Audio launch – Happy Days| access-date=24 March 2008| archive-date=11 March 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311233242/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-happydays.html| url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cost cutting measures===
Sekhar Kammula cut costs of producing the film through various methods. By casting newcomers, he reduced expenses to a reasonable level. As most of the shooting took place in the college, there was no need to construct sets. By partnering with [[Pantaloon Group]], he saved an additional ₹10 lakh on the costumes budget.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/announcement-happydays.html| title=Announcement – Happy Days| access-date=24 March 2008| archive-date=9 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209195042/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/announcement-happydays.html| url-status=live}}</ref>

==Music==
Music was composed by [[Mickey J Meyer]] and released by [[Big Music (record label)|Big Music]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Days - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - Saavn |date=13 April 2010 |url=https://www.saavn.com/album/happy-days/EYwgwl5Yf1c_ |access-date=3 November 2018 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118122228/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/happy-days/EYwgwl5Yf1c_ |url-status=live }}</ref> The audio launch took place at [[Annapurna Studios]] on 24 August 2007, 100 students selected from various colleges in Hyderabad attended. The guests for the evening included BN Reddy (CBIT), Kamalakar Reddy (CBIT), [[Dil Raju]], [[Sekhar Kammula]], Ravi Naidu (BIG Music), Mahesh Kumar (Reliance business head), Ilayaraja, Swapna, C Vijaya Kumar, Ashok and the star cast. BN Reddy launched the audio CD and gave the first unit to Kamalakar Reddy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Days music launch - Telugu cinema function |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-happydays.html |website=www.idlebrain.com |access-date=3 November 2018 |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719213056/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-happydays.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Mickey J Meyer]] won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu]] and [[Nandi Award for Best Music Director]] for this soundtrack.

{{Infobox album
| name = Happy Days
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| cover =
| released = 24 August 2007
| recorded = 2007
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 28:27
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| language = [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]
| producer = [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| prev_title = [[10th Class]]
| prev_year = 2006
| next_title = [[Hare Ram]]
| next_year = 2008
}}

{{track listing|
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Telugu Track-List
| total_length = 28:27
| title1 = Arere Arere
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| lyrics1 = [[Vanamali]]
| length1 = 4:59
| title2 = Jill Jill Jiga
| extra2 = Krishna Chaitanya, Kranti, Aditya Siddharth, Sashi Kiran
| lyrics2 = Venkatesh Patvari
| length2 = 4:34
| title3 = Happy Days Title Track
| extra3 = Mickey J. Meyer, Harshika
| lyrics3 = [[Veturi]]
| length3 = 3:51
| title4 = Ya Kundendu
| extra4 = Pranavi
| lyrics4 = Traditional
| length4 = 1:24
| title5 = Ye Cheekati
| extra5 = [[Ranjith (Singer)|Ranjith]], [[Sunitha Sarathy]]
| lyrics5 = Vanamali
| length5 = 4:45
| title6 = O My Friend
| extra6 = Karthik
| lyrics6 = Vanamali
| length6 = 5:03
| title7 = Happy Days
| note7 = Rock Version
| extra7 = [[Naresh Iyer]], Mickey J. Meyer
| lyrics7 = Veturi
| length7 = 3:51
}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Happy Days
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| cover =
| released = 2007
| recorded = 2007
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 21:01
| label = Redakh Arts [[Universal Music India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| producer = [[Mickey J Meyer]]
}}

{{track listing|
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_writing = [[Siju Thuravoor]]
| headline = Malayalam Track-List<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Days (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Mickey J Meyer on iTunes |website=[[iTunes]] |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/happy-days-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/640830510 |access-date=3 November 2018 |date=1 January 2012 |archive-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103131553/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/happy-days-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/640830510 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| total_length = 21:01
| title1 = Ayyayyo
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length1 = 4:36
| title2 = Vida Chollam
| extra2 = Anu Pravin, Shobha
| length2 = 3:52
| title3 = Unarukayayi
| extra3 = [[Vidhu Prathap]]
| length3 = 4:31
| title4 = Manasinnu Marayilla
| extra4 = Ajay Satyan
| length4 = 4:59
| title5 = Ee Theeppori
| extra5 = [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| length5 = 3:03
}}

==Release==
''Happy Days'' was released on 28 September 2007 in the United States and 2 October 2007 in India.<ref name="rf"/>

==Reception==
===Critical response===
The film received positive reviews for its fresh story, cast, screenplay, and songs. A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "Don't miss ''Happy Days'' for you will be reminded of the days gone by. Savour that nostalgia as Sekhar gives you ample amount of it".<ref name="rf">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/28sshappy.htm|title=Happy Days -- Go for it!|first=Radhika|last=Rajamani|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=28 September 2007|access-date=20 January 2023|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120092110/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/28sshappy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "If he sticks to his sensibilities, Sekhar Kammula can never make a bad film. Go and watch ''Happy Days''."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-happydays.html| title=Telugu Movie review – Happy Days| access-date=24 March 2008| archive-date=31 August 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831001203/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-happydays.html| url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
;
; [[Filmfare Awards South]] – 2008<ref name="bharatstudent.com" />
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best film]] – [[Sekhar Kammula]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]] – Sekhar Kammula
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress]] – [[Sonia Deepti]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director]] – [[Mickey J. Meyer]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist]] – [[Vanamali]] ("Arere Arere")
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] ("Arere Arere")
; [[Nandi Awards]] – 2008<ref name="idlebrain.com"/>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film - Silver]] – Sekhar Kammula
* [[Nandi Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] – Mickey J Meyer
* [[Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – Karthik ("Oh My Friend")
; [[CineMAA Awards]] – 2008
* Best Film – Sekhar Kammula
* Best Director – Sekhar Kammula
* Best Story – Sekhar Kammula
* Best Screenplay – Sekhar Kammula
* Best Music – Mickey J Meyer
* Best Lyricist – Vanamali ("Arere Arere")
* Best Lyricist – Veturi
* Best Male Singer – Karthik ("Arere Arere")

==Dubbed versions and remakes==
The film was dubbed into [[Malayalam film|Malayalam]] as ''Happy Days'' and re-made in [[kannada film|Kannada]] as ''[[Jolly Days (film)|Jolly Days]]'' and released in 2008. Both versions proved to be successful. The [[Kollywood|Tamil]] remake, ''[[Inidhu Inidhu]]'' (2010),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081212011003/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/10122008-5.shtml டோடோவின் ரஃப் நோட்டு — Tamil Kavithai – தமிழ் கவிதைகள் – நூற்று கணக்கில்!]. Cinesouth.com. Retrieved on 11 May 2016.</ref> was directed by noted cinematographer [[K. V. Guhan]] under actor [[Prakash Raj]]'s [[Duet Movies]] banner. [[Mickey J. Meyer]] was retained as the music director for both films and the project was his first venture in each language, respectively.

In 2014, there were speculations that a Hindi remake of ''Happy Days'' would be directed by Sekhar himself, and would be co-produced by [[Salman Khan]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Salman-Khan-to-remake-Sekhar-Kammulas-Happy-Days-in-Hindi/articleshow/34367452.cms "Salman Khan to remake Sekhar Kammula’s Happy Days in Hindi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505085259/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Salman-Khan-to-remake-Sekhar-Kammulas-Happy-Days-in-Hindi/articleshow/34367452.cms |date=5 May 2014 }}. ''Times of India'' (29 April 2014). Retrieved on 2016-05-11.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Sekhar-Kammula-gears-up-for-Bollywood-debut/articleshow/34540494.cms Sekhar Kammula gears up for Bollywood debut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505085304/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Sekhar-Kammula-gears-up-for-Bollywood-debut/articleshow/34540494.cms |date=5 May 2014 }}. ''Times of India'' (2 May 2014). Retrieved on 2016-05-11.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Sekhar-Kammula-confirms-his-next-film/articleshow/34479455.cms Sekhar Kammula confirms his next film"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222081059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Sekhar-Kammula-confirms-his-next-film/articleshow/34479455.cms |date=22 February 2018 }}. ''Times of India'' (1 May 2014). Retrieved on 2016-05-11.</ref> However, there were no further updates.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=1214961|title=Happy Days}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{succession box
| title=[[Filmfare Best Film Award (Telugu)]]
| years=2007
| before=''[[Bommarillu]]''
| after=''[[Gamyam]]''}}
{{end}}
{{Sekhar Kammula}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}

[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mickey J Meyer]]
[[Category:2000s buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:2000s coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about teacher–student relationships]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sekhar Kammula]]
[[Category:2007 Telugu-language films]]

Lottery (2009 film)

2026-03-03T11:52:53Z

TammieNeedham: added a details - done

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Lottery
| image = Lottery poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Movie poster
| native_name = 
| director = Hemant Prabhu
| producer = Govind Satnam
| writer = Aadesh K. Arjun
| screenplay = Hemant Prabhu
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Abhijeet Sawant]] [[Rucha Gujarati]] [[Manisha Kelkar]] [[Nassar Abdulla]] [[Mukesh Tiwari]]
| narrator = 
| music = '''Songs:''' Santosh Singh & Sanjay Pathak '''Background Score:''' [[Surinder Sodhi]]
| cinematography = [[Prakash Kutty]]
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = Tips Music Films
| released = {{film date |2009|03|20|India}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''Lottery''' is a 2009 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[thriller film]] starring [[Abhijeet Sawant]] in his acting debut alongside [[Manisha Kelkar]] and [[Rucha Gujarati]]. The film was produced by Govind Satnam, directed by Hemant Prabhu and written by Aadesh K. Arjun.<ref name=" Rucha Gujarati acting debut ">{{cite news|title=Rucha Gujarati makes acting debut|work=The Times of India|accessdate=6 February 2015|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/A-first-for-Abhijeet/articleshow/2698149.cms?}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Abhijeet makes acting debut|publisher=Glamsham|accessdate=6 February 2015|url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/07/nov/16-abhijeet-sawant-lottery-hemant-prabhu-santosh-singh-aadesh-110713.asp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/movie-review-lottery_100168816.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401180141/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/movie-review-lottery_100168816.html | archive-date=1 April 2009 | title=Movie Review : Lottery }}</ref> It was released on March 20, 2009 and emerged as a [[box-office bomb]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1007|title=Lottery - Movie|website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film revolves around a love triangle. A man is attracted to two women and wins a lottery. To win again, he must consider killing one of the two women.

==Cast==
* [[Abhijeet Sawant]] as Rohit Awasthi
* [[Gufi Paintal]] as Rustamji Batliwala
* Jaywant Wadkar
* [[Manisha Kelkar]] as Simran Kapoor
* Manasi Deshmukh as Nurse Monica
* [[Mukesh Tiwari]] as Raja Thakur
* [[Nassar Abdulla]] as Rohit's Boss
* Nitin Kadam
* Rana Jung Bahadur as Sharma
* [[Rucha Gujarati]] as Soha
* [[Sanjay Narvekar]]
* Sharmila Goenka as an [[item number]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Dhadkanein Kehti Hai
| extra1 = [[Abhijeet Sawant]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Kamariya
| extra2 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Santosh Singh
| title3 = Kab Chand Ban Kar
| extra3 = Abhijeet Sawant
| title4 = Lottery
| extra4 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
| title5 = Kab Socha Tha
| extra5 = Abhijeet Sawant
| title6 = Kab Chand Ban Kar
| note6 = Female version
| extra6 = Sunidhi Chauhan
| title7 = Pata Hi Na Chala
| note7 = Sad
| extra7 = Abhijeet Sawant, Santosh Singh
| title8 = Dhadkanein Kehti Hai
| note8 = Remix
| extra8 = Abhijeet Sawant
| title9 = Lottery
| extra9 = Sukhwinder Singh
| note9 = Remix
}}

==Reception==
[[Taran Adarsh]] from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film one star out of five, criticizing it for pretending to be a [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]], a [[love triangle]] next, a [[whodunit]] later, a [[musical film|musical]] in between and ending up as something else altogether.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lottery Review 1/5|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 March 2009 |accessdate=6 February 2015|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/lottery/critic-review/lottery-movie-review/}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=50em}}

==External links==
*{{imdb title|2064852}}

[[Category:2009 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:2009 thriller films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Surinder Sodhi]]
[[Category:Films about lotteries]]
[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Naane Varuven (1992 film)

2026-03-03T04:57:41Z

TammieNeedham: added new info

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Naane Varuven 1992 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Sripriya]]
| screenplay = Sripriya
| story = Mrs. Meenakshi
| producer = Girija
| starring = [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] Sripriya
| cinematography = K. B. Dhayalan Prashanth Babu (Director of Cinematography)
| editing = M. Vellaisami
| music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| studio = Sree Chamundieswari
| distributor = Sree Janani Enterprises<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 1992 |title=Nane Varuven |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920228&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=13 May 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1992|2|27|ref1=}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Naane Varuven''''' ({{translation|I myself will come}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Tamil language]] film, directed by [[Sripriya]] and produced by Girija. The film stars [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] and Sripriya, with [[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]], [[Vagai Chandrasekhar]], [[Vadivukkarasi]], [[Gautami]] and [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] in supporting roles. It is a spiritual sequel to the 1979 film ''[[Neeya?]]''.<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news |last=Krishnaswamy |first=N. |date=13 March 1992 |title=Naane Varuvaen |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920313&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=18 May 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=7 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was released on 27 February 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naane Varuven (1992) |url=http://venpura.com/movie/Naane-Varuven-1992 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603073602/http://www.venpura.com/movie/Naane-Varuven-1992 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=9 May 2016 |website=Venpura}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Story of Naga Rani is an Ichchadhari Snake.
Naga Rani realises that she was wrong and that her revenge destroyed many lives just like her own life was destroyed. Her husband, who had been killed in Neeya, now taken rebirth in form of Raja.

Right from childhood, he had been out of town and he came to native and plans to marry his sweetheart Priya.
Dr.Radhika and Priya having known the attempts made by the Nagarani, tries to save Raja.

Nagarani need to consummate with Raja so as to regain her husband, which was prevented by Priya with the aid of Dr.Radhika.

However, Nagarani mocks them by taking appearance of Priya consummates, before Priya and Doctor arrives.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as Raja
* [[Sripriya]] as Naga Rani
* [[Sasikala (actress)|Sasikala]] as Priya
* [[Vagai Chandrasekhar]] as Sathya
* [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Lakshmi
* [[Gautami]] as Thangam
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Dr. Radhika
* [[R. S. Manohar]] as Saint, Guest Appearance
* [[Chinni Jayanth]] as Saint Assistant
* [[S. S. Chandran]] as Saint Assistant
* [[P. R. Varalakshmi]] as Sathya's mother
* Gokila as Gypsy
* [[Ramya Krishnan]] as Cameo Appearance
}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[Shankar–Ganesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naane Varuven {{sic|nolink=y|(1990)}} |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/Naane-Varuven-songs-T0003913 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827194706/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/naane-varuven-songs-T0003913 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Songs !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Orey Jeevan Ondre" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] [[K. S. Chithra]] || [[Panchu Arunachalam]] || 05:05
|-
| "Pachamala Pennu Naan" || K. S. Chithra || rowspan=2|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 04:51
|-
| "Pogathey Ennai Thandi" || K. S. Chithra || 04:41
|-
| "Orey Jeevan Ondre" – Female || K. S. Chithra || Panju Arunachalam || 04:59
|-
| "Ketenamma" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || rowspan=2|Vaali ||04:06
|-
| "Arambam Aagattum" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || 05:03
|}

== Reception ==
N. Krishnaswamy of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Though the plot moves like that of a mythological film for some time, it leaves that track and builds on excellent technical values (camera: Prasad Babu), background score (Shanker Ganesh) and screenplay (Sripriya) to enhance the dramatic highs of the script."<ref name="IE review" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:1992 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]
[[Category:Films about shapeshifting]]
[[Category:Films about snakes]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sripriya]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Five Star (film)

2026-03-03T04:39:18Z

TammieNeedham: general expand details for clarity and fixed typos for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Five Star (film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Susi Ganesan]]
| writer = Susi Ganesan
| producer = [[Mani Ratnam]] G. Srinivasan
| starring = [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] [[Kanika (actress)|Kanika]] [[Five Star Krishna|Krishna]] Sandhya Mangai Karthik
| cinematography = [[Ravi Varman]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = [[Sriram Parasuram]] [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| studio = [[Madras Talkies]]
| released = {{film date|2002|10|4|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Five Star''''' is a 2002 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[coming-of-age film]] written and directed by [[Susi Ganesan]] in his debut, and produced by [[Madras Talkies]]. The film stars newcomers [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Kanika (actress)|Kanika]], [[Five Star Krishna|Krishna]], Sandhya, Mangai, and Karthik. The film was later remade in Telugu as ''Lifestyle'' (2009).

== Plot ==
The story focuses on five friends, Prabhu, Elango, Sundar, Indra, and Priya, at the [[Madras Institute of Technology]], who want to remain friends throughout their lifespan and hope to join the same company after graduation.

During a vacation, Elango goes home, where he is forced to marry his old-fashioned cousin, Eshwari, by his tough disciplinarian father. Once back in college, he hides the fact about his marriage from his friends, but later the marriage becomes public when relatives of Eshwari come to visit Elango. While their dream to work together becomes true, Elango alone gets a transfer to Bombay. The friends fight but later reunite.

Before Elango goes to Bombay, the friends force him to visit his wife and put him on a train. But Elango manages to get off the train, and from there, he loses touch with his friends and family in the village.

The friends part, and six years later, Prabu and Sundar come back to join Priya and Indra in Chennai. On the train journey back, Prabu meets Elango's wife, Eshwari. Prabu falls in love with Eshwari without realising who she is. Eventually, he and his friends find out the truth about Eshwari, who is waiting with hopes of her husband returning. The four friends decided to help Eshwari find the whereabouts of Elango. One day, Prabu finds out that Elango might be in Switzerland. Prabu decides to go to Switzerland. Later, he finds Elango, but to his shock, Elango has a child and is married to a Swiss woman.
At the same time, in India, Elango's father commits suicide. Prabu returns to India and learns that everyone knows about Elango's marriage.

Eshwari decides to marry again and move on with life rather than thinking about Elango. Her village people decide to marry her off to one of her relatives, but she threatens them, telling them off and stating that she will decide her own life and no one is going to control her life any more. The story ends with all four friends and their husbands and wives, along with Eshwari, enjoying an evening at the beach.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] as Prabhu
* [[Kanika (actress)|Kanika]] as Eshwari
* [[Five Star Krishna|Krishna]] as Elango
* Sandhya Prakash as Priya
* Mangai as Indra
* Karthick as Sundar
* [[Vijayan (actor)|Vijayan]] as Elango's father
* [[Chitti Babu (Tamil actor)|Chitti Babu]] as Train Ticket Examiner (TTR)
* Srilekha Rajendran as Flower seller
*Dr. P. Mannar Jawahar as Professor
}}

== Production ==
In March 1999, Susi Ganesan was able to convince producer [[Thiagarajan|Shanti Thiagarajan]] to fund his first feature film, after he left Mani Ratnam's team of assistant directors. The film was initially titled ''Thithikkum Thee'' and was to feature to [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] in the lead role of a firefighter. In return for producing his first film, Shanti Thiagarajan requested Ganesan to also work on another film starring her son [[Prashanth]] in the lead role and consequently, Ganeshan finalised a script titled ''Pepsi: Generation Next''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 1999 |title=Assistant competitors |url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/26ss.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004805/http://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/26ss.htm |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> In a turn of events, Prashanth replaced Murali in the director's first project, which was retitled as ''[[Virumbugiren]]'' in early 2000. ''Pepsi'' was later supposed to star [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] in a lead role, but he eventually did not feature as the team opted for newcomers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A shot in the arm |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News-22062001.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823232047/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News-22062001.htm |archive-date=23 August 2012 |access-date=8 August 2011 |website=Cinematoday2itgo}}</ref> Since the title ''Pepsi'' was registered by [[Jeeva (cinematographer)|Jeeva]], Ganesan ended up renaming his film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2002 |title=A tale of two names |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/a-tale-of-two-names/article28609196.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230921113345/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/a-tale-of-two-names/article28609196.ece |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

For the heroine, Ganesan spotted her on a magazine cover page and insisted on her performing the lead female role in his second feature film. Divya eventually entered the Film industry, accepting the offer, while her name was changed to Kanika. She completed the entire film during her summer holidays, since she was a student.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=24 May 2007 |title=The voice behind Shriya in ''Sivaji'' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/24sskanika.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916132230/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/24sskanika.htm |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=29 April 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] who was doing college at that time saw an ad on Vijay TV that Madras Talkies was auditioning for newcomers, he applied and got selected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=23 November 2005 |title=Meet Prasanna of Tamil films |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/23pra.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927221002/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/23pra.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=29 April 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> For other lead roles, Karthik, the son of a Tirupur businessman, [[Five Star Krishna|Krishna]], an earlier assistant to director Rajiv Menon, Sandhya, a model and also a former Ms. Chennai, and Mangaikarasi, a dancer based in Sweden. The film marked the debut of cameraman [[Ravi Varman]] in Tamil cinema. Singer [[Anuradha Sriram]] and her husband Sriram Parasuram made their debut as music directors with this film. The film had a 10-day shooting schedule at the M.I.T. College where Susi Ganesan had studied, followed by a 15-day schedule in Switzerland where some scenes and two songs were shot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=2 September 2002 |title=Five Star |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/location/5star.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021119014118/http://www.chennaionline.com/location/5star.asp |archive-date=19 November 2002 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[Sriram Parasuram]] and [[Anuradha Sriram]].{{Cn|date=November 2024}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Artist(s)
|-
| "Thiru Thiruda"
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
|-
| "Sunday"
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Mathangi Jagdish|Mathangi]], Nitish, Jayashree, Arsith
|-
| "Engirindhu Vandhayada"
| Chandana Bala
|-
| "Oru Manam"
|[[Sriram Parasuram|Parasuram Radha]]
|-
| "Engalukku"
| Instrumental
|-
| "Rayile"
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
| "Five Star"
| [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Shubha Mudgal]], Timmy, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|-
| "Engalukku"
| [[Devan Ekambaram]], [[Kanika (actress)|Kanika]]
|}

== Reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "Some young promising talent, a story centered round youth and their aspirations, the fulfillment of some, the disillusionment of others, stylised takings and a sincere attempt to give an entertainer sans vulgarity and double entendres, makes 'Five Star' a clean, fairly engaging family entertainer."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=11 October 2002 |title=Five Star |url=http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov216.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050311175213/http://chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov216.asp |archive-date=11 March 2005 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Susi Ganesan's youthful, hard-hitting dialogue and a fairly neat screenplay are notable aspects of the film — the story and direction, also by him are done with a difference".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=10 October 2002 |title=Five Star |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/five-star/article28571637.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030201172415/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/11/stories/2002101101170200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2003}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Susi Ganesan}}
{{Madras Talkies}}
[[Category:2000s buddy films]]
[[Category:2000s coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:2002 Indian films]]
[[Category:2002 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2002 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Susi Ganesan]]
[[Category:Films produced by Mani Ratnam]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Madras Talkies films]]

Airaa

2026-03-03T03:01:13Z

TammieNeedham: put up stub

{{short description|2019 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Airaa
| image = Airaa poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Sarjun KM]]
| producer = Kotapadi J Rajesh
| writer = Priyanka Ravindran
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Nayanthara]]
* [[Kalaiyarasan]]}}
| music = K. S. Sundaramurthy
| cinematography = Sudarshan Srinivasan
| editing = Karthik Jogesh
| studio = KJR Studios
| distributor = {{ubl| Trident Arts
| [[Star Vijay]] (Satellite Right)}}
| released = {{film date|df=y|2019|3|28}}
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| gross =
}}

'''''Airaa''''' ({{translation|The beginning}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Tamil-language]] [[horror film]] written and directed by KM Sarjun. The film stars [[Nayanthara]] and [[Kalaiyarasan]]. The film is produced by Kotapadi J Rajesh under the production banner KJR Studios.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-09 |title=Airaa first look: Nayanthara's double role, in black and white. See pic |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/airaa-first-look-nayanthara-s-double-role-in-black-and-white-see-pic/story-kwEJz56vyQvSJn6OoLRDfN.html |access-date=2018-11-26 |work=hindustantimes |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The film was initially expected to be released on the eve of [[Christmas]] but the shooting wasn't completed as planned until December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a wrap for Nayanthara's Airaa |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/dec/30/its-a-wrap-for-nayantharas-airaa-9418.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104231221/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/dec/30/its-a-wrap-for-nayantharas-airaa-9418.html |archive-date=4 January 2019 |access-date=2019-01-04 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Nayanthara is playing a dual role in a film for the second time after ''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |title='Airaa' Review: Even Twice The Nayanthara Isn't Enough To Save This Film {{!}} HuffPost null |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/airaa-review-even-twice-the-nayanthara-isn-t-enough-to-save-this-film_in_5c9ce268e4b072a7f606542b}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Airaa' review: Silly ending ruins a well-shot ghost tale - The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/airaa-review-silly-ending-ruins-a-well-shot-ghost-tale/article26662423.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with Yamuna ([[Nayanthara]]), a journalist. She runs away from home to escape a marriage alliance. She meets her grandmother Parvathy ([[Kulappulli Leela]]) and stay with her. Meanwhile, Amudhan ([[Kalaiyarasan]]) is investigating a string of deaths that have been happening in the area. Meanwhile, Yamuna, Parvathy, Mani ([[Yogi Babu]]), and Mani's little nephew Babloo ([[Ashwanth Ashokkumar]]) start making fake ghost videos on [[YouTube]].

Yamuna is being haunted by a ghost. One night, she and her grandmother are attacked by the ghost. Yamuna wakes up in a hospital at 3:33 AM and learns that her grandmother is alive but in critical condition. She finds her grandmother dead. Amudhan, who is talking to the ghost, Bhavani ([[Nayanthara]]), tells her that revenge is not important and that she should not kill people. Bhavani says her job is almost done: she just needs to kill Yamuna.

At Parvathy's funeral, Yamuna's parents criticise Mani about his idea of making the fake ghost videos. Yamuna finds out that Babloo never existed, he was just a vision and a ghost as well. She does research on Babloo and Bhavani while Amudhan tries to locate Yamuna to save her. Yamuna's research leads her to Amudhan's house and the two meet. One night, a butterfly leads Yamuna out of her bedroom and she screams in horror when she sees Bhavani and Babloo's ghosts together. She then hears her parents crying for help, only to find them sleeping.

Yamuna decides to interact with the ghost after being fed up with her haunted visions. She even goes back to the haunted house. She and Amudhan meet 2 priests who say that they will do prayers to the god, [[Bhairava]] and Amudhan must go to the cemetery, dig up Bhavani's dead body and destroy it with a trident so that Bhavani cannot use her dead body again. Amudhan succeeds and Bhavani appears but in under control by the religious chants.

As Yamuna asks why Bhavani is trying to kill her. Bhavani tells her about her past.

Bhavani's patriarch father cries upon realizing his second wife has given birth to another baby girl. As he walks out to inform their relatives, he dies by lightning. This incident causes the villagers to believe that Bhavani is cursed. Bhavani's own mother and sister hate her. During Bhavani's 16th birthday, her elder sister gives birth to a stillborn baby. Again, people believe it is because of Bhavani's "cursed" nature. Thus, Bhavani faces abuse and humiliation. She meets Amudhan at school and he falls in love with her. After Amudhan's father finds out, he sends him to college in [[New Delhi]]. Bhavani was rejected by boys willing to marry her because of her dark complexion. One night, her brother-in-law tries to sexually assault her. Bhavani's family kicks her out, believing her brother-in-law over her innocence.

Bhavani moves to [[Chennai]] and does odd jobs at a hotel. She ends up meeting Amudhan again at a restaurant. He proposes to her, and she accepts. On the day of the marriage, Bhavani finishes her shift and gets ready. Before she leaves, the owner of a beer company asks her to clean his room and to sleep with him but she says no. She tries to take the elevator in which Yamuna is present but Yamuna does not hold the door to let Bhavani in. This makes her late to the marriage office, where Amudhan is waiting. Along the way, she encounters 2 people who abuse her and steal her ring. A police officer arrests Bhavani. When the police find the real culprit, she is released. She also meets Babloo, who asks her to help him cross the street. As they do so, a drunk lorry driver hits them and kills them.

Bhavani reveals that she killed everyone who angrily disturbed her life. Yamuna now reimagines how Bhavani's life could have turned out if she had let her enter the elevator that day. Feeling remorseful, she asks Bhavani's spirit what she wants. Bhavani says that she wants Yamuna's body to live with Amudhan. Yamuna accepts it to pay for her mistake. On the day of the marriage between Bhavani and Amudhan, Bhavani possesses Yamuna and sits down for her wedding. However, Amudhan refuses to live with Bhavani using Yamuna's body. Hence, he kills himself and tells her, that they now can live together in the afterlife. Bhavani then leaves Yamuna's body.
A prophetic vision shows Bhavani and Amudhan getting married at the sub-registrar office.
The film ends at the cemetery, with Yamuna at Bhavani and Amudhan's graves, while the same red butterfly from Yamuna's haunted visions, flies by.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nayanthara]] in a dual role as:
** Bhavani (voice dubbed by Krithika Nelson)
** Yamuna (voice dubbed by [[Deepa Venkat]])
* [[Kalaiyarasan]] as Amudhan
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Mani
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Yamuna's father
* [[Meera Krishnan]] as Yamuna's mother
* [[Kulappulli Leela]] as Parvathy, Yamuna's grandmother
* [[Gokulnath]] as Francis
* Nishant Ramakrishnan as Adhi
* [[Ashwanth Ashokkumar]] as Babloo, Mani's ghost nephew
* [[Senthi Kumari]] as Bhavani's mother
* [[Nitish Veera]] as Bhavani's brother-in-law
* Maathevan as young Amudhan
* [[Vinod Sagar]] as Kullan
* Mona Bedre as Doctor
* Winner Ramachandran as Auto Rickshaw Driver
* Arun & Aravind as Priests
* Saanvitha
* Jeeva Subramanian
* Balla as Guruji
* [[R. S. G. Chelladurai]]
{{colend}}

==Production==
The film was announced by young filmmaker KM Sarjun who rose to prominence in [[Kollywood]] for his maiden directorial venture titled ''[[Echcharikkai]]'' which was released in late August 2018. The film marks yet another women-centric prominent role for Nayanthara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The myriad colours of a woman |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/jan/02/the-myriad-colours-of-a-woman-1919735.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920225230/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/jan/02/the-myriad-colours-of-a-woman-1919735.html |archive-date=20 September 2019 |access-date=2019-01-04 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The KJR Studios decided to produce this film which also previously produced Nayanthara's political starrer ''[[Aramm]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airaa first look: Nayanthara plays a double role in her next |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/airaa-first-look-nayanthara-5394253/lite/ |access-date=2018-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The film also marks Nayanthara's 63rd film and also this will be the first instance for her where she will play dual roles in a film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=First look of Nayanthara starrer 'Airaa': Another female-oriented film from the Lady Superstar? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/oct/09/first-look-of-nayanthara-starrer-airaa-another-female-oriented-film-from-the-lady-superstar-1883224.html |access-date=2018-11-26 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Sundaramurthy KS, Sudarshan Srinivasan and Karthik Joges were assigned as the music director, cinematographer and film editor respectively, continuing their association with the director from his previous film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=நயன் ரசிகர்கள் எல்லாருமே செம்ம ஹாப்பி அண்ணாச்சி… சிறப்பான புத்தாண்டு தொடக்கம் |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/airaa-teaser-release-date-announced/ |access-date=2019-01-04 |website=Indian Express Tamil |language=ta-IN}}</ref> The shooting of the film wrapped up in December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nayanthara's Airaa to ride along with Ajith's Viswasam |url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/nayantharas-airaa-to-ride-along-with-ajiths-viswasam-276055.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230220207/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/nayantharas-airaa-to-ride-along-with-ajiths-viswasam-276055.htm |archive-date=2018-12-30 |access-date=2019-01-04 |website=in.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=வரும் 5ம் தேதி வெளியாகும் நயன்தாராவின் 'ஐரா' படத்தின் டீசர்! |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/nayantharas-airaa-movie-teaser-will-release-on-5th-january/articleshow/67349418.cms |access-date=2019-01-04 |website=samayam Tamil |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=நயன்தாராவின் 'ஐரா' படப்பிடிப்பு நிறைவு! |url=http://m.tamil.eenaduindia.com/Entertainment/Kollywood/2018/12/30163641/Nayanthara-wraps-up-Airaa-shoot.vpf |access-date=2019-01-04 |website=Tamil_MEenadu Portal |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
This film's music is composed by Sundarmurthy KS, and lyrics were written by [[Yugabharathi]], [[Pa. Vijay]], and [[Thamarai]].
{{Infobox album
| name = Airaa
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = KS Sundaramurthy
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2019
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:02
| language = Tamil
| label =
| producer = KS Sundaramurthy
| prev_title = [[Kalavu (2019 film)|Kalavu]]
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title = [[Jiivi]]
| next_year = 2019
}}
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Megathoodham
| lyrics1 = [[Thamarai]]
| extra1 = [[Padmapriya Raghavan]]
| length1 = 4:31
| title2 = Kaariga
| lyrics2 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| extra2 = [[Sid Sriram]], Rap - NAVZ-47
| length2 = 4:21
| title3 = Jinthako
| lyrics3 = [[Ku. Karthik]]
| extra3 = Sundaramurthy KS, Sri Radha Bharath
| length3 = 4:08
| total_length = 13:02
}}

==Release==
The film, which had its theatrical release on 28 March 2019, received negative responses for the illogical screenplay of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airaa Movie Review: Illogical Plot and Shoddy Script Push Nayanthara into Shadows |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/airaa-movie-review-illogical-plot-and-shoddy-script-push-nayanthara-into-shadows-2080955.html |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayan On |first=Adithya |date=2019-03-28 |title=Weekend Watch: 'Airaa', 'Super Deluxe', Lucifer' – A Week Where Big Names Clash At The Box Office |url=https://silverscreen.in/news/weekend-watch-a-week-where-big-names-clash-at-the-box-office/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329024109/https://silverscreen.in/news/weekend-watch-a-week-where-big-names-clash-at-the-box-office/ |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=Silverscreen.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Review : Super Deluxe review: Benefits enormously from winning (2019) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/super-deluxe-review-benefits-enormously-from-winning-performances-by-its-leads-review-tamil-td3kpHahajbjb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329082835/http://www.sify.com/movies/super-deluxe-review-benefits-enormously-from-winning-performances-by-its-leads-review-tamil-td3kpHahajbjb.html |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=www.sify.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=9319896}}

[[Category:Indian horror films]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:2019 horror films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

Awasari Khurd

2026-03-02T14:12:17Z

TammieNeedham: put up new stub - done

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{One source|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =Awasari Khurd
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|18.9731691|73.9600605|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra, India|Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ambegaon taluka|Ambegaon]]
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 412405
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 02114
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MH.E2.80.94Maharashtra|MH]]-14
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MH]]
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| website = {{URL|pune.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Awasari Khurd''' is a village in [[Ambegaon taluka]] of [[Pune district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], India. The village is administered by a [[Sarpanch]] who is an elected representative of the village as per the [[constitution of India]] and [[Panchayati raj]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_2700.xlsx | title=DCHB villages in Maharashtra | publisher=censusindia.gov.in | accessdate=7 May 2018}}</ref> Government College of Engineering and Research, Avasari Khurd, the government engineering institute started functioning in 2009 & the [[Government Polytechnic, Awasari Kh]]urd in 2008, in the village.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/maharashtra/pune/ Villages in pune maharashtra]

{{Talukas in Pune district}}
[[Category:Villages in Pune district]]
{{Pune-geo-stub}}

Su-Kam Power Systems

2026-02-27T16:09:04Z

TammieNeedham:

{{Short description|Indian electrical products company}}
{{COI|date=July 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Su-Kam Power Systems Ltd.
| logo = Su-Kam Power Systems.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt = Su-Kam Power Systems Ltd
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| ISIN =
| founded = {{Start date and age|1988}}
| hq_location = Plot No. 54, Udyog Vihar, Phase VI, Sector-37
| hq_location_city = [[Gurgaon, Haryana]]
| hq_location_country = India
| num_locations =
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Mr.Vishnu Prakash Goyal Mr.Ashok Kumar Gupta Mr.Navraj Mittal Mr. Yajan Bansal
| industry = [[Energy industry|Energy]]
| products = [[Inverters]], [[Inverter battery|batteries]], [[Uninterruptible power supply|UPS]], [[solar power]], [[battery (electricity)|batteries]]
| brands =
| production =
| production_year = 
| services =
| revenue =
| revenue_year = 
| operating_income =
| income_year = 
| net_income = 
| net_income_year = 
| assets =
| assets_year = 
| equity =
| equity_year = 
| owner =
| members =
| members_year = 
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| divisions =
| module = 
| footnotes =
| fate =
}}

'''Su-Kam Power Systems Ltd.''' is an Indian power solutions company that provides backup energy systems for both domestic and industrial markets. The company focuses on environmentally sustainable technologies, particularly in the area of [[solar power]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=N. Ravi |date=27 January 2015 |title=Inverter maker Su-Kam mulls consumer finance foray |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/inverter-maker-sukam-mulls-consumer-finance-foray/article6825351.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Its product portfolio includes inverters, [[Electric battery|batteries]], solar off-grid and on-grid systems, as well as [[Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion batteries]].

==History==
Su-Kam was founded as a startup in 1988 by [[Kunwer Sachdev]] recognizing the widespread problem of unreliable electricity supply in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Su-Kam is looking up to the sun |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/boardroom/why-sukam-is-looking-up-to-the-sun/39154/1 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=www.forbesindia.com |language=en}}</ref> In the power backup sector, the company set a record for the highest export sales by an Indian manufacturer.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sujata Sangwan |date=10 August 2016 |title=Su-Kam - Aims to Take Green Solar Energy to Each and Every Home in India |url=https://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Su-Kam-Aims-to-Take-Green-Solar-Energy-to-Each-and-Every-Home-in-India/10-08-2016-104276/ |work=[[Businessworld]]}}</ref> It pioneered several innovations in the Indian market, including the introduction of [[Digital signal processor|DSP]] sinewave inverters and plastic-body inverters. Su-Kam holds the distinction of filing the largest number of patents in the power backup industry, averaging two patents per month.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rawat |first1=Virendra Singh |date=30 January 2014 |title=Su-Kam ties up with Dhampur Sugar to sell solar power products |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/su-kam-ties-up-with-dhampur-sugar-to-sell-solar-power-products-114013000880_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

The company launched plastic body inverters, recognized by ''[[India Today]]'' as one of the top 10 innovations of the decade in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 April 2010 |title=Spirit of India: Ignited Minds |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Spirit%20of%20India:%20Ignited%20Minds/0/93132.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181025/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Spirit%20of%20India:%20Ignited%20Minds/0/93132.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2015 |publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Su-Kam introduced India's first touchscreen solar PCU, featuring an [[MPPT]] solar charge controller and smartphone monitoring through built-in Wi-Fi.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 January 2016 |title=Su-kam Launches Touch Screen Solar PCU |url=http://businessworld.in/article/Su-kam-Launches-Touch-Screen-Solar-PCU-/21-01-2016-90512/ |publisher=[[Business World]]}}</ref>

Further innovation came with the introduction of [[Solar street light|solar street lights]] equipped with in-built lithium-ion batteries, offering higher efficiency than traditional lead-acid-based models.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 April 2016 |title=Su-Kam's solar street light is sans grid link |url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/sukams-solar-street-light-is-sans-grid-link/article8524722.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

In April 2023, Su-Kam Power signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of Himachal Pradesh to invest ₹300 crore in establishing an energy storage facility in the state. The company also announced plans to explore the [[Electric motorcycles and scooters|two-wheeler]] and commercial [[electric vehicle]] (EV) markets.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 January 2021 |title=CBI books Su-Kam Power Systems for ₹260.89-cr. bank fraud |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cbi-books-su-kam-power-systems-for-26089-cr-bank-fraud/article33659972.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

In 2025, the company announced plans to establish a 500 MW lithium-ion battery manufacturing facility in [[Bari, Himachal Pradesh|Baddi, Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.projectstoday.com |title=India's #1 Projects Tracking Platform |url=https://www.projectstoday.com/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Projects Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Foreign operations and exports==
Su-Kam's exports are growing. Su-Kam's total exports contribute around 20-25% of the revenue of its entire business, and most of it comes from Africa.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 January 2015 |title=Kunwer Sachdeva, Found and MD, Su-Kam |url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/kunwer-sachdeva-founder-and-md-su-kam-115010301649_1.html |publisher=[[India Infoline]]}}</ref> Su-Kam has also been awarded the title 'Africa's Most Reliable Inverter Brand'.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 September 2013 |title=Su-Kam Adjudged Africa's Most Reliable Inverter Brand |url=http://businessdayonline.com/2013/09/su-kam-adjudged-africas-most-reliable-inverter-brand/ |publisher=[[Business Day (Nigeria)|Business Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alliance between Su-Kam Power Systems and Trojan Battery Company |url=https://www.energetica-india.net/news/alliance-between-su-kam-power-systems-and-trojan-battery-company |work=Energetica}}</ref>

Among its notable international achievements, Su-Kam secured a solar project to electrify 35 schools in Rwanda<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2013 |title=Su-Kam Power Solutions bags contract for solar plant in Rwanda |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-12/news/41332819_1_rwanda-solar-plant-35-schools |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131184750/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-12/news/41332819_1_rwanda-solar-plant-35-schools |archive-date=31 January 2014 |publisher=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]}}</ref> and established a dedicated product experience centre in Uganda. According to media reports, the company is actively involved in solar initiatives across Nigeria, Gabon, Afghanistan, and Malawi.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 August 2013 |title=Su-Kam to offer solar installations to Tata Power consumers |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-06/news/41131653_1_tpddl-tata-power-delhi-distribution-petrol-pumps |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104053225/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-06/news/41131653_1_tpddl-tata-power-delhi-distribution-petrol-pumps |archive-date=4 November 2013 |publisher=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]}}</ref>

In Gabon, Su-Kam installed 2,000 [[Solar street light|solar street lights]] across the villages of Kango, Mouila, and Bitam. In [[Malawi]], the company deployed hybrid power systems—utilizing both [[Wind power|wind]] and [[solar energy]]—in five remote villages: Chigundu, Mdayaka, Eluyumi, Kumbande, and Kadzuwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2016 |title=Su-Kam's impact on lighting up Africa |url=http://www.africanreview.com/energy-a-power/power-generation/su-kam-s-impact-on-lighting-up-africa |publisher=African Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Chaki |first1=Deborshi |date=August 2018 |title=Carlyle, Aion, Schneider in race to acquire Su-Kam |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/dOjOJiOqJPdTSTE2Q4whBK/Carlyle-Aion-and-Schneider-in-race-for-SuKam-Power-Systems.html |work=mint}}</ref>

==CSR initiatives==
Su-Kam has actively contributed to social development through various corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The company adopted the village of Baniyani in the [[Rohtak]] district of [[Haryana]]—the native village of [[Manohar Lal Khattar]], the current [[List of chief ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister of Haryana]]. Su-Kam plans to develop the village under a public-private partnership model.

In a media interview, the Managing Director of Su-Kam stated that the company would support infrastructure enhancements, including improvements to the government school and the installation of street lighting throughout the village.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 April 2015 |title=Power appliances company to develop CM's native village |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/community/power-appliances-company-to-develop-cm-s-native-village/65161.html |publisher=Tribune India}}</ref>

Following the devastating [[earthquake]] in [[Nepal]] in April 2015, Su-Kam provided relief by distributing food supplies and 800 solar home lighting systems to affected communities.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2015 |title=Nepal Earthquake: Su-Kam Pulling Out All Stops To Aid The Rescue Mission |url=http://efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=166068 |publisher=EFY Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2015 |title=Nepal Earthquake: Su-Kam Pulling Out All Stops To Aid The Rescue Mission |url=http://www.eletimes.com/news/nepal-earthquake-su-kam-pulling-out-all-stops-to-aid-the-rescue-mission/ |publisher=Eletimes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Now, BSF posts at Indo-Pak border powered by solar energy |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/now-bsf-posts-at-indo-pak-border-powered-by-solar-energy/63975296 |work=Economic Times}}</ref>

==Coverage in books and TV media==

Su-Kam has received national attention for its contributions to renewable energy and rural electrification. ''[[Discovery Channel]] India'' aired a documentary titled '''“'''Sun Fuel India'''”''', which highlighted how Su-Kam’s solar installations are transforming both villages and urban areas across India by promoting the adoption of solar power.<ref name="Discovery Channel">{{cite web |date=6 November 2015 |title=Sun Fuel: Powering India |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIELpG4KuSE |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref name="Daily News and Analysis">{{cite web |date=13 June 2010 |title=These entrepreneurs didn't need an MBA |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-these-entrepreneurs-didn-t-need-an-mba-1395625 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref><ref name="Making Breakthrough Innovations Happen: How 11 Indians Pulled Off the Impossible">{{cite book |author=Munshi, P. |url=https://archive.org/details/makingbreakthrou0000muns |title=Making Breakthrough Innovation Happen: How Eleven Indians Pulled Off the Impossible |publisher=Collins Business |year=2009 |isbn=9788172237745 |url-access=registration}}
</ref>

==Awards==
Su-Kam’s solar power conditioning unit received the '''Excellence Award in the Energy Category''' from the [https://www.iesaonline.org/ India Electronics and Semiconductor Association] [https://www.iesaonline.org/ (IESA)]. This recognition highlights the company’s innovation and leadership in developing advanced solar energy solutions within the Indian power sector.

==Products==

* '''Inverters:''' Wide range for home and industrial use, ensuring uninterrupted power during outages.
* '''Batteries:''' Includes [[Lead–acid battery|lead-acid]] and [[Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion]] variants. Lithium batteries offer faster charging, longer life, and are available in 25.6V, 48V, and 51.2V models for ESS, telecom, and home backup.
* '''Solar Solutions''': Complete solar systems with inverters. All-in-one solar units (5.5kW/10kW) for homes, clinics, and offices.
* '''UPS Systems''': Backup power for sensitive devices like computers and medical equipment.
* '''EV & Energy Solutions''': Lithium batteries for [[Electric rickshaw|e-rickshaws]], scalable ESS for residential and commercial use, and smart energy management systems for optimized power usage.

==Global Presence ==
Su-Kam exports its power solutions to over 90 countries, including key markets such as [[Nigeria]], [[Iraq]], [[Syria]], [[Yemen]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], [[Malawi]], [[Zimbabwe]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]], and the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]. Its international presence is driven by an extensive distribution network and a deep understanding of localized energy requirements across [[Africa]], the [[Middle East]], and [[Asia]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* <ref>{{cite news |author=Kamta Tripathi |date=8 January 2023 |title=पावर बैकअप से सचदेव लाए टैक्नॉलॉजी की दुनिया में क्रांति, भावी इंजीनियरों को दिए टिप्स |url=https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/kunwer-sachdev-brought-revolution-in-technology-with-power-backup-gave-tips-to-future-engineers-7967248/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227144321/https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/kunwer-sachdev-brought-revolution-in-technology-with-power-backup-gave-tips-to-future-engineers-7967248/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |work=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hi}}</ref>
* <ref>{{cite news |author=आईएएनएस |date=20 April 2018 |title=सोलर लाइट्स से रोशन होगी भारत-पाकिस्‍तान सीमा, BSF को पोस्‍ट पर ही मिलेगी बिजली |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/india-pakistan-border-to-illuminate-solar-lights-bsf-to-get-electricity-on-post/646095/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227145825/https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/india-pakistan-border-to-illuminate-solar-lights-bsf-to-get-electricity-on-post/646095/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |work=[[Jansatta]] |language=hi}}</ref>

{{PCOI}}

[[Category:Electronics companies of India]]
[[Category:Energy companies of India]]
[[Category:Solar energy companies of India]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Electronics companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1998]]
[[Category:Renewable resource companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Haryana]]

Prabhu Deva filmography

2026-02-26T18:42:58Z

TammieNeedham: cleaned up page as per guidelines as per guidelines

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date = November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
[[File:Prabhu Dheva at Success bash of 'Rowdy Rathore' (5).jpg|thumb|Prabhu Deva at the success party of his film ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' in 2012]]

[[Prabhu Deva]] is an Indian [[Choreography (dance)|dance choreographer]], film director, producer and actor, who has worked in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and [[Kannada film]]s. In a career spanning 30 years, he has performed and designed a wide range of dancing styles and has predominantly acted in Tamil films. He made his debut as a boy playing a flute in the song "Panivizhum Iravu", from the Tamil film ''[[Mouna Ragam]]'' (1986).<ref name="MR">{{Cite web |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-18-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF/article8392579.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903140514/http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-18-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF/article8392579.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2016 |title=இதுதான் நான் 18: மணி சார் கையால் வாங்கிய 'மணி' – தி இந்து |date=3 September 2016|access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> After several appearances as a dancer, he made his debut as a lead actor in [[Pavithran (Tamil film director)|Pavithran]]'s ''[[Indhu]].'' He made his career breakthrough in his second film ''[[Kaadhalan]]'' (1994) directed by [[S. Shankar]]. Prabhu Deva acted as a college student who loves the daughter of state governor, who has ties with a terrorist. The film was a commercial success and critics lauded Prabhu Deva's choreography and his dance sequences in the songs "Mukkabla" and "Urvasi Urvasi", became very popular.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20999 |title=SUNDAY( JANUARY–MAY )1995 |last=N.A. |date=1995 |publisher=ANANDA BAZAR PATRIKA LTD, CALCUTTA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/first-date-with-the-magician/prabhudeva---kaadhalan.html |title=Prabhudeva – Kaadhalan {{!}} A.R.Rahman and the top heroes|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-date=11 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611130840/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/first-date-with-the-magician/prabhudeva---kaadhalan.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Prabhu Deva featured in several commercially successful films like ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'' (1997) and ''[[V.I.P (1997 film)|VIP]]'' (1997), where for the former he went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Choreography]] for his work in the songs "Strawberry Kannae" and "Vennilave".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf |title=44th National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013544/http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> He was critically acclaimed for his performance in the comedy ''[[Kaathala Kaathala]]'' (1998), co-starring with [[Kamal Haasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-prabhudheva-5121628/ |title=Here are five films that show Prabhudheva is more than just a dancer |date=3 April 2018 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116135520/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/happy-birthday-prabhudheva-5121628/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/an-intelligent-top-star/article27599093.ece |title=An intelligent top star |last=Kannan |first=Ramya |date=18 April 2004 |work=The Hindu |access-date=16 November 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430015237/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/an-intelligent-top-star/article27599093.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the successful ventures like ''[[Eazhaiyin Sirippil]]'' (2000) and [[Sundar C]]'s ''[[Ullam Kollai Poguthae]]'' (2001), Deva was unable to recreate the success he had in his earlier years and many of his films didn't perform well financially.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/film-review-eazhaiyin-sirippil/article28001122.ece |title=Film Review: Eazhaiyin Sirippil |date=11 February 2000 |work=The Hindu |access-date=16 November 2019 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430023713/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/film-review-eazhaiyin-sirippil/article28001122.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Starting in the 2000s, Prabhu Deva played the second hero in several Telugu films, several of which were remakes of Hollywood and Malayalam films.

In the year 2005, Prabhu Deva made his debut as a director in the Telugu film ''[[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]].''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-review--pclvGzjdijdgd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408004118/http://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvostanante-nenoddantana-review--pclvGzjdijdgd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 April 2019 |title=Movie Review: Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana |website=[[Sify]]|access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> The film received critical acclaim and went on to become a blockbuster. The film was remade in seven languages and it is considered as the first Indian movie to do so. The movie won 9 [[Filmfare]] awards including a [[Filmfare Award for Best Dance Choreographer – South|Best Choreographer]] award for Prabhudeva.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/these-intriguing-facts-about-indias-michael-jackson-prabhu-deva-will-make-you-adore-him-more/393688 |title=Prabhu Deva birthday: These intriguing facts about India's Michael Jackson will make you adore him more {{!}} Entertainment News|website=Timesnownews.com|language=en|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404102545/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/these-intriguing-facts-about-indias-michael-jackson-prabhu-deva-will-make-you-adore-him-more/393688|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the success of his directorial ventures, Deva started to prioritize directing to acting. Occasionally he starred as a lead in dance films like ''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]'' (2006), ''[[ABCD: Any Body Can Dance|ABCD]]'' (2013) and its sequel ''[[ABCD 2]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ |title=Prabhudeva to hike his price post 'ABCD' success |website=The Times of India |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213041319/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Varun-Dhawans-character-in-ABCD2-based-on-the-life-of-Indias-Got-Talent-winner-Suresh-Mukund/articleshow/43167641.cms |title=Varun Dhawan's character in ABCD2 based on the life of India's Got Talent winner Suresh Mukund |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=16 November 2019 |last1=Gupta |first1=Priya |archive-date=9 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909025115/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Varun-Dhawans-character-in-ABCD2-based-on-the-life-of-Indias-Got-Talent-winner-Suresh-Mukund/articleshow/43167641.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

Prabhu Deva established the production company Prabhu Deva Studios and produced the film ''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]'', which was directed by [[A. L. Vijay]] in the year 2016. The film marked the return of Deva to Tamil cinema as an actor after a 12-year hiatus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-tamannaah-to-act-with-prabhu-deva-in-a-trilingual-film-2196414 |title=Tamannaah to act with Prabhu Deva in a trilingual film |author= |last=DNA Web |date=31 March 2016 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=22 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622161731/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-tamannaah-to-act-with-prabhu-deva-in-a-trilingual-film-2196414 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was acclaimed critically and was a financial success at the box office. After the success of the film, Deva appeared in ''[[Gulaebaghavali]]'', silent film ''[[Mercury (2018 film)|Mercury]]'' and ''[[Lakshmi (2018 film)|Lakshmi]]'' in the year 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/prabhudheva-tamil-costume-drama-gulebakavali-gets-face-lift-after-baahubali-4774964/ |title=Prabhudheva's Tamil costume drama Gulebakavali gets face-lift after Baahubali |date=31 July 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116135521/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/prabhudheva-tamil-costume-drama-gulebakavali-gets-face-lift-after-baahubali-4774964/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/mercury-review-1202751492/ |title=Film Review: 'Mercury' |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |date=12 April 2018 |website=Variety |language=en |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=18 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618002700/https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/mercury-review-1202751492/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In the year 2019, Deva had a line up of sequel films including ''[[Charlie Chaplin 2]],'' a sequel to Deva's ''[[Charlie Chaplin (2002 film)|Charlie Chaplin]]'', and ''[[Devi 2]].''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhudheva-and-nikki-galrani-team-up-for-charlie-chaplin-2/articleshow/61531484.cms |title=Prabhudheva and Nikki Galrani team up for Charlie Chaplin 2 |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=16 November 2019 |last1=Sundar |first1=Mrinalini |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404032912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhudheva-and-nikki-galrani-team-up-for-charlie-chaplin-2/articleshow/61531484.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/sep/18/devi-2-goes-on-floors-7936.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180921034228/http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/sep/18/devi-2-goes-on-floors-7936.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2018 |title=Devi 2 goes on floors- Cinema express |date=21 September 2018 |website=Archive.ph|access-date=16 November 2019}}</ref> Both the films were met with negative reviews and failed commercially.<ref>{{Citation|title=Charlie Chaplin 2 Review {2.5/5}: Though the movie provides laughs in certain sequences as expected, the logic goes for a toss several times|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/charlie-chaplin-2/movie-review/67685346.cms|access-date=16 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/devi-2/devi-2-review.html |title=Devi 2 (aka) Devii 2 review |date=1 June 2019 |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601145454/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/devi-2/devi-2-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Pending films key}}

== As a film director ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Prabhu Deva film credits as director
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2005
|''[[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=146862.html |title=Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Allocine.fr |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721203255/https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=146862.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''[[Pournami (2006 film)|Pournami]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/2525333/ |title=Pournami (Film, 2006) — CinéSéries |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Cineserie.com |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201825/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/2525333/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
|''[[Pokkiri]]''
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-05/pokkiri-review.html |title=Pokkiri: Possibly a Vijay century |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201753/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-05/pokkiri-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shankar Dada Zindabad]]''
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/2125886/ |title=Shankar Dada Zindabad (Film, 2007) — CinéSérie |via=www.cineserie.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228094048/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/2125886/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''[[Villu (film)|Villu]]''
|Tamil
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/villu-10682/cast-crew |title=Villu Cast & Crew |website=cinestaan.com |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909073108/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/villu-10682/cast-crew |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]''
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/wanted/21951203 |title=Wanted – Film (2009) |website=SensCritique |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327134456/https://www.senscritique.com/film/wanted/21951203 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Engeyum Kaadhal]]''
|rowspan="2"|Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/visitors-1/may-11-02/engeyum-kadhal-jeyam-ravi-10-05-11.html |title=Engeyum Kaadhal – Movie Review – Tamil Visitor Coloumn – Engeyum Kadhal | Jeyam Ravi | Hanika Motwani | Prabhu Deva | Harris Jayara |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201840/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/visitors-1/may-11-02/engeyum-kadhal-jeyam-ravi-10-05-11.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Vedi (film)|Vedi]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/1788773/ |title=Vedi (Film, 2011) — CinéSérie |via=www.cineserie.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228094046/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/1788773/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Rowdy Rathore]]''
| rowspan="7" |Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=203907.html |title=Rowdy Rathore |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Allocine.fr |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721203254/https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=203907.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''[[Ramaiya Vastavaiya]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/Ramaiya_Vastavaiya/12162112 |title=Ramaiya Vastavaiya – Film (2013) – SensCritique |website=Senscritique.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201812/https://www.senscritique.com/film/Ramaiya_Vastavaiya/12162112 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[R... Rajkumar (film)|R... Rajkumar]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/447333/ |title=R... Rajkumar (Film, 2013) — CinéSéries|access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Cineserie.com}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Action Jackson (2014 film)|Action Jackson]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/prabhudeva-adamant-on-the-title-action-jackson-for-his-ajay-devgan-flick-637391 |title=Prabhudeva adamant on the title Action Jackson for his Ajay Devgan flick |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|''[[Singh Is Bliing]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kareena-akshay-team-up-for-prabhudeva-s-singh-is-bling/story-u6LGDnU9uMhWWVTVsJGMkO.html |title=Kareena-Akshay team up for Prabhudeva's Singh is Bling |date=6 June 2014 |website=Hindustan Times|access-date=18 January 2024|archive-date=18 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118203918/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kareena-akshay-team-up-for-prabhudeva-s-singh-is-bling/story-u6LGDnU9uMhWWVTVsJGMkO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Dabangg 3]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/salman-khan-and-prabhu-deva-announced-dabangg-3-release-date-and-fans-cant-keep-calm-2088459 |title=Salman Khan And Prabhu Deva Announced Dabangg 3 Release Date And Fans Can't Keep Calm |website=Ndtv.com |date=21 August 2019 |access-date=15 July 2022 |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715091808/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/salman-khan-and-prabhu-deva-announced-dabangg-3-release-date-and-fans-cant-keep-calm-2088459 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Radhe (2021 film)|Radhe]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3258368/ |title=Radhe (Film, 2021) — CinéSérie |via=www.cineserie.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228094046/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3258368/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== As an actor ==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Prabhu Deva film credits as actor
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Mouna Raagam]]'' || Flute player
| rowspan="9"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| Uncredited appearance in the song "Panivizhum Iravu"
| <ref name ="MR"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1994
|''[[Indhu]]''
|Chinnasamy (Pattasu)
|
|
|-
|''[[Kaadhalan]]''
|Prabhu
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/kadhalan/movieshow/65005259.cms |title=Kadhalan Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos | eTimes |access-date=22 July 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720161750/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/kadhalan/movieshow/65005259.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1995
|''[[Raasaiyya]]''
|Raasaiyya
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 September 1995 |title=Raasaiyaa |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950902/03/0126a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961222110750/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950902/03/0126a.html |archive-date=22 December 1996 |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=26}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|''[[Love Birds (1996 film)|Love Birds]]''
|Arun / David
|
|
|-
|''[[Mr. Romeo]]''
|Romeo, Madras
|Dual roles
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997
|''[[Minsara Kanavu]]''
|Deva
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/minsara_kanavu/40521324 |title=Minsara Kanavu – Film (1997) – SensCritique |website=Senscritique.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720161726/https://www.senscritique.com/film/Minsara_Kanavu/40521324 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[V. I. P. (1997 film)|VIP]]''
|Guru
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/2523394/ |title=V.I.P (Film, 1997) — CinéSéries |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Cineserie.com |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720161754/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/2523394/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1998
|''[[Naam Iruvar Nammaku Iruvar]]''
|Prabhu / Deva
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/2502/naam-iruvar-namakku-iruvar/cast |title=Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar Tamil Movie – Critic Review |website=www.moviecrow.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228093707/https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/2502/naam-iruvar-namakku-iruvar/cast |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Love Story 1999]]''
|Vamsi
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Kaathala Kaathala]]''
|Sundaralingam
| rowspan="14"| Tamil||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
|''[[Ninaivirukkum Varai]]''
|Janakiraman (Johnny)
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/ninaivirukkum-varai/review/2000300197/ |title=Ninaivirukkum Varai |website=TVGuide.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407045047/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/ninaivirukkum-varai/review/2000300197/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Suyamvaram]]''
|Kanna
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tuesday-trivia-when-14-filmmakers-and-25-actors-came-together-to-shoot-a-tamil-film-in-24-hours-1689588-2020-06-16 |title=Tuesday Trivia: When 14 filmmakers and 25 actors came together to shoot a Tamil film in 24 hours |website=India Today |date=16 June 2020 |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720161720/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tuesday-trivia-when-14-filmmakers-and-25-actors-came-together-to-shoot-a-tamil-film-in-24-hours-1689588-2020-06-16 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Time (1999 film)|Time]]''
|Srininvasa Murthy
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2000
|''[[Vaanathaippola]]''
|Selvakumar
|
|
|-
|''[[Eazhaiyin Sirippil]]''
|Ganesan
|
|
|-
|''[[James Pandu]]''
|James
|
|
|-
|''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]''
|Sunil
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/pennin_manathai_thottu/394109 |title=Pennin Manathai Thottu – Film (2000) – SensCritique |website=Senscritique.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721135529/https://www.senscritique.com/film/pennin_manathai_thottu/394109 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Doubles (2000 film)|Doubles]]''
|Prabhu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2001
|''[[Nila Kaalam]]''
|Ashok
| Television film; Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/nila-kaalam/movieshow/67573373.cms |title=Nila Kaalam Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos | eTimes |access-date=22 July 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721141211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/nila-kaalam/movieshow/67573373.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ullam Kollai Poguthae]]''
|Anbu ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/web-stories/blockbuster-movies-of-sundar-c/photostory/80383922.cms |title=Blockbuster movies of Sundar C |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721142438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/web-stories/blockbuster-movies-of-sundar-c/photostory/80383922.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Alli Thandha Vaanam]]''
|Sathyam
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/tamil-movie-alli-thantha-vaanam-2001/detail/8630 |title=Alli Thantha Vaanam tamil | Sun NXT |website=www.sunnxt.com |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327134455/https://www.sunnxt.com/tamil-movie-alli-thantha-vaanam-2001/detail/8630 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Manadhai Thirudivittai]]''
|Deva
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3032126/ |title=Manadhai Thirudivittai (Film, 2001) — CinéSérie |via=www.cineserie.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204184303/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3032126/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |2002
|''[[Charlie Chaplin (2002 film)|Charlie Chaplin]]''
|Thiru
|
|
|-
|''[[H2O (2002 Indian film)|H{{sub|2}}O]]''
|Vairamuthu
|[[Kannada]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Santosham (2002 film)|Santosham]]''
|Pawan
|Telugu
|
|
|-
| ''[[123 (film)|One Two Three]]'' || Tirupathi || Tamil || 25th Film ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/2636/123-tamil-movie-review/ |title=123 tamil Movie – Overview |website=www.moviecrow.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228093706/https://www.moviecrow.com/movie/2636/123-tamil-movie-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Manasella Neene]]''
|Himself
|Kannada
|Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/apr/29ss.htm |title=Raju Sundaram, Prabhudeva to the beat |work=Rediff.com |date=29 April 2002 |author=Tulika |access-date=30 December 2022 |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602211805/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/apr/29ss.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Agni Varsha]]''
|Rakshasha
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3137104/ |title=Agni Varsha (Film, 2002) — CinéSéries |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Cineserie.com |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721135632/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3137104/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thotti Gang]]''
|Suri Babu
| rowspan="2"|Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
|''[[Kalyana Ramudu]]''
|Rajesh
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-kalyanaramudu.html |title=Telugu cinema review – Kalyana Ramudu – Venu, Prabhu Deva, Nikita – SP Entertainments – G Ram Prasad |website=Idlebrain.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901105124/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-kalyanaramudu.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Alaudin]]''
|Alaudin
|Tamil
|
|
|-
|''[[Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnula Pelli]]''
|Murugan
|Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2004
|''[[Engal Anna]]''
|Kannan
|Tamil
|
|
|-
|''[[Tapana (film)|Tapana]]''
|Venu
| rowspan="7" |Telugu
|
|
|-
|''[[Intlo Srimathi Veedhilo Kumari]]''
|Gopal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/intlo-srimati-veedhilo-kumari-review-telugu-movie-7251 |title=Intlo Srimati Veedhilo Kumari review. Intlo Srimati Veedhilo Kumari Telugu movie review, story, rating |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228093704/https://www.indiaglitz.com/intlo-srimati-veedhilo-kumari-review-telugu-movie-7251 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Andalu Dongale Dorikithe]]''
|Bujji
|
|
|-
|2005
|''Arabikadhakal''
|Marbury
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2006
|''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]''
|Ganesh
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/style-review-telugu-movie-8055 |title=Style review. Style Telugu movie review, story, rating |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329025224/https://www.indiaglitz.com/style-review-telugu-movie-8055 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chukkallo Chandrudu]]''
|Sharat
|Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3152453/ |title=Chukkallo Chandrudu (Film, 2006) — CinéSéries |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Cineserie.com |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407045048/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3152453/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Naayudamma]]''
|Prabhu
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/naayudamma-27357 |title=Naayudamma (2006) – Review, Star Cast, News, Photos |website=Cinestaan.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627170240/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/naayudamma-27357 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Prarambha]]'' || Puttaswamy Gowda || Kannada || Short film
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.choisirunfilm.fr/film/prarambha-124892.htm |title=Prarambha (2007) réalisé par Santosh Sivan |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Choisirunfilm.fr |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407045058/https://www.choisirunfilm.fr/film/prarambha-124892.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|''[[Michael Madana Kamaraju]]''
|Michael / Ravi
| Telugu
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2011
|''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''
|Vavvali, Thanseer
|[[Malayalam]]
|Dual roles
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/urumi/40545088 |title=Urumi – Film (2011) – SensCritique |website=Senscritique.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721135637/https://www.senscritique.com/film/urumi/40545088 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]'' || Narrator || Tamil || Special appearance
|
|-
|2013
|''[[ABCD – Any Body Can Dance|ABCD]]''
| Vishnu
| rowspan="4"| Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/abcd-any-body-can-dance-421402/ |title=ABCD: Any Body Can Dance: Film Review |first=Lisa |last=Tsering |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=13 February 2013 |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228093704/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/abcd-any-body-can-dance-421402/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
|''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]''
|Dance instructor
|Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/happy_new_year/12576858 |title=Happy New Year – Film (2014) |website=SensCritique |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204184405/https://www.senscritique.com/film/happy_new_year/12576858 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2015
|''[[ABCD 2]]''
| Vishnu
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/abcd-2-review-shraddha-kapoor-varun-dhawan-movies-beginning-is-its-end/ |title=ABCD 2 review: The beginning is the end for Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor's film |date=19 June 2015 |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228093704/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/abcd-2-review-shraddha-kapoor-varun-dhawan-movies-beginning-is-its-end/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]'' || Man in the washroom || Guest appearance ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
|''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]''
| rowspan="3" |Krishna Kumar
|Tamil
| rowspan="3" |Trilingual film; Also producer
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/devi-review-a-neat-feel-good-horror-comedy-review-tamil-qkhqXmcaifcgb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008082836/http://www.sify.com/movies/devi-review-a-neat-feel-good-horror-comedy-review-tamil-qkhqXmcaifcgb.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2016|title=Devi review: A neat feel good horror comedy|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Abhinetri (2016 film)|Abhinetri]]''
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/abhinetri-telugu-movie-review.html |title=Review : Abhinetri – More of a Comedy than horror |date=8 October 2016 |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103070940/https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/abhinetri-telugu-movie-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tutak Tutak Tutiya]]''
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cineserie.com/movies/1370714/ |title=Tutak Tutak Tutiya (Film, 2016) — CinéSérie |via=www.cineserie.com |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228093705/https://www.cineserie.com/movies/1370714/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''[[Kalavaadiya Pozhuthugal]]''
|Porchezhiyan
| rowspan="2"|Tamil
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kalavaadiya-pozhuthugal/movie-review/62281176.cms |title=Kalavaadiya Pozhuthugal Movie Review |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=20 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520072703/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kalavaadiya-pozhuthugal/movie-review/62281176.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018
|''[[Gulaebaghavali]]''
|Badri
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/gulaebaghavali/gulaebaghavali-review.html |title=Gulaebaghavali (aka) Gulebakavali review |date=12 January 2018 |website=Behindwoods |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621151043/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/gulaebaghavali/gulaebaghavali-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mercury (2018 film)|Mercury]]''
|Blind man
|[[Sound film|Sound]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mercury-review-a-fair-amount-of-chills-and-thrills/article23527059.ece |title=Mercury review: A fair amount of chills and thrills |first=Y. Sunita |last=Chowdhary |date=13 April 2018 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Thehindu.com |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201128/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mercury-review-a-fair-amount-of-chills-and-thrills/article23527059.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lakshmi (2018 film)|Lakshmi]]''
|Vijay Krishna aka Krishna / VK
| rowspan="3"|Tamil
| Partially reshot in Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/lakshmi-review-tamil-movie-22278 |title=Lakshmi review. Lakshmi Tamil movie review, story, rating |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201129/https://www.indiaglitz.com/lakshmi-review-tamil-movie-22278 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019
|''[[Charlie Chaplin 2]]''
|Thiru
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/charlie-chaplin-2-review-when-complication-leads-to-fun/article26091440.ece |title='Charlie Chaplin 2' review: When complication leads to fun |first=Srinivasa |last=Ramanujam |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Thehindu.com |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201122/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/charlie-chaplin-2-review-when-complication-leads-to-fun/article26091440.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Devi 2]]''
| rowspan="2" |Krishna Kumar / Alex Britto / Ranga Reddy
| rowspan="2"|Bilingual film
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devi-2-movie-review-atrocious-at-many-levels/article27378480.ece |title='Devi 2' movie review: Atrocious at many levels |first=Srivatsan |last=S |date=31 May 2019 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Thehindu.com |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829094135/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devi-2-movie-review-atrocious-at-many-levels/article27378480.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Abhinetri 2]]''
|Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/abhinetri-2-telugu-movie-preview-22729 |title=Abhinetri 2 Telugu Movie Preview cinema review stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721201120/https://www.indiaglitz.com/abhinetri-2-telugu-movie-preview-22729 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Khamoshi (2019 film)|Khamoshi]]''
|Dev
|rowspan="2"|Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/khamoshi-review-no-thrills-no-scares/20190614.htm |title=Khamoshi Review: No thrills, no scares! |first=NAMRATA |last=THAKKER |website=Rediff.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615133800/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/khamoshi-review-no-thrills-no-scares/20190614.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2020
|''[[Street Dancer 3D]]''
|Anna / Ram Prasad
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/street-dancer-3d/movie-review/73530140.cms |title=Street Dancer 3D Movie Review : An elaborate celebration of dance |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228093708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/street-dancer-3d/movie-review/73530140.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2021
|''[[Pon Manickavel (film)|Pon Manickavel]]''
| Pon Manickavel
| rowspan="5"|Tamil
| 50th Film
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/pon-manickavel/ottmoviereview/87640412.cms |title=Pon Manickavel Review : Pon Manickavel is a bundle of cop-movie cliches |access-date=22 July 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319054531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/pon-manickavel/ottmoviereview/87640412.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|2022||''[[Theal (film)|Theal]]''
| Durai
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theal/movie-review/88895932.cms |title=Theal Movie Review: A surprisingly well-made adaptation of Pieta |access-date=22 July 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115045700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theal/movie-review/88895932.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[My Dear Bootham (film)|My Dear Bootham]]''
|Karkimuki the Genie
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/jul/14/my-dear-bootham-movie-review-a-fun-filled-kids-film-that-needed-more-sensitivity-32751.html |title=My Dear Bootham Movie Review: A fun-filled kids film that needed more sensitivity |newspaper=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717145901/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/jul/14/my-dear-bootham-movie-review-a-fun-filled-kids-film-that-needed-more-sensitivity-32751.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Poikkal Kudhirai (2022 film)|Poikkal Kuthirai]]''
|Kathiravan
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/aug/06/poikkal-kuthirai-movie-review-prabhudheva-excels-in-this-wannabe-brainy-thriller-33464.html |title=Poikkal Kuthirai Movie Review: Prabhudheva excels in this wannabe brainy thriller, stunt action |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=6 August 2022 |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806202518/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/aug/06/poikkal-kuthirai-movie-review-prabhudheva-excels-in-this-wannabe-brainy-thriller-33464.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]''
|Bagheera Muralidharan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2023 |title=Prabhu Deva-starrer movie 'Bagheera' to release on March 3, reveals new poster |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/prabhu-deva-starrer-movie-bagheera-to-release-on-march-3-reveals-new-poster/articleshow/98236484.cms |access-date=26 February 2023 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301152546/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/prabhu-deva-starrer-movie-bagheera-to-release-on-march-3-reveals-new-poster/articleshow/98236484.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|''[[Karataka Damanaka]]''
|Basavaraju / Damanaka
|Kannada
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=Y Maheswara Reddy |date=Aug 25, 2023 |title=Almost ready |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/almost-ready/articleshow/103034417.cms |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en |archive-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906130141/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/almost-ready/articleshow/103034417.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Greatest of All Time]]''
|Kalyan Sundaram
|rowspan="3"|Tamil
|
|<ref>{{cite web |date=24 October 2023 |title=Thalapathy 68:Vijay welcomes Meenakshi Chaudhary, Prabhu Deva and Other Cast Members |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/thalapathy-68-vijay-welcomes-meenakshi-chaudhary-prabhu-deva-and-other-cast-members-watch-pada-poojai-video-article-104665768|access-date=24 October 2023 |website=timesnownews.com|archive-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024072003/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/thalapathy-68-vijay-welcomes-meenakshi-chaudhary-prabhu-deva-and-other-cast-members-watch-pada-poojai-video-article-104665768|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Petta Rap (film)|Petta Rap]]''
|Balasubramaniam, Himself
|Dual role
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/petta-rap-teaser-prabhu-deva-plays-himself-in-this-thrilling-dance-ride-watch/b2736828c0505/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625024418/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/petta-rap-teaser-prabhu-deva-plays-himself-in-this-thrilling-dance-ride-watch/b2736828c0505/|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 June 2024|title = Petta Rap Teaser: Prabhu Deva plays himself in this thrilling dance ride! Watch| date=22 June 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jolly O Gymkhana (film)|Jolly O Gymkhana]]''
|Lawyer Poongundran
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Nov/23/jolly-o-gymkhana-movie-review-a-tedious-barrage-of-mostly-unfunny-jokes|title = 'Jolly O Gymkhana' movie review: A tedious barrage of mostly unfunny jokes | date=23 November 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2025
|''[[Badass Ravi Kumar]]''
|Carlos Pedro Panther, Carlis Pedro Panter
|Hindi
|Dual role
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-05 |title=Badass Ravi Kumar trailer: Himesh Reshammiya and Prabhu Deva amp up cringe in '80s type ki picture' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/badass-ravi-kumar-trailer-himesh-reshammiya-and-prabhu-deva-amp-up-cringe-in-80s-type-ki-picture-9760797/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026
| ''Flashback''
| Sidharthan
| Tamil
| Filming
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Flashback (2025) New Released Hindi Dubbed Full Movie In 4K {{!}} Prabhu Deva, Regina Cassandra |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83tVfRLcRHg |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Goldmines Telefilms]] |date=5 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prabhudeva & Regina Cassandra's 'Flashback' trailer |date=10 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhudeva-regina-cassandras-flashback-trailer/articleshow/98544934.cms |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326235307/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhudeva-regina-cassandras-flashback-trailer/articleshow/98544934.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" |TBA
|{{pending film|italic=no| ''[[Kathanar – The Wild Sorcerer]]''}}
| rowspan="6" |TBA
|Malayalam
|Filming
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rojin-thomas-speaks-about-teaming-up-with-prabhu-deva-for-kathanar-the-wild-sorcerer/articleshow/108607472.cms|title = Rojin Thomas speaks about teaming up with Prabhu Deva for 'Kathanar – The Wild Sorcerer'| newspaper=The Times of India | date=19 March 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|{{pending film|italic=no|''Musasi''}}
| Tamil
| Filming
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hirunews.lk/english/348360/indian-actor-prabhudeva-in-sri-lanka | title=Indian actor Prabhudeva in Sri Lanka }}</ref>
|-
|{{pending film|italic=no|''Singanallur Signal''}}
| Tamil
| Filming
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/01/prabhu-deva-next-titled-singanallur-signal|title = Prabhu Deva's next titled Singanallur Signal | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=July 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| {{pending film|italic=no|''Wolf''}}
| Tamil
| Filming
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/prabhu-deva-wolf-official-teaser-review-anju-kurian-anasuya-bharadwaj-raai-laxmi-latest-update-tamil-news-340978|title = Prabhu Deva's 'Wolf' teaser: a mind-boggling psychological thriller loading!| date=3 August 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|italic=no|''[[Maharagni- Queen of Queens]]''}}
| Hindi
| Filming
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/kajol-prabhu-deva-unveil-title-of-action-thriller-maharagni-9356915/ | title=Kajol, Prabhu Deva unveil title of action thriller Maharagni, check out intriguing teaser|website=Indian Express| date=28 May 2024|accessdate=3 June 2024}}</ref>




|}

== As a producer ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Prabhu Deva film credits as producer
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2016
|''[[Devi (2016 film)|Devi]]''
| rowspan="3"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| Distributor of Telugu version ''Abhinetri''
|-
|2017
|''[[Bogan (film)|Bogan]]''
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Sometimes (film)|Sometimes]]''
|Alternatively titled ''Sila Samayangalil'' [[Netflix]] film
|}

== As a dancer ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Prabhu Deva film credits as dancer
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
|rowspan="2"|1988 || ''[[Agni Natchathiram]]'' || "Raaja Raajathi" || rowspan="7"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
|''[[Jeeva (1988 film)|Jeeva]]''||"Abracadabra"||
|-
| rowspan="1" |1990
|''[[Michael Madana Kama Rajan]]''
|"Rum Bum Bum Arambum"
|Debut Tamil film as choreographer. Credited as S. Prabhu.
|-
| rowspan="2" |1991
|''[[Adhikari (film)|Adhikari]]''
|"Naiyaandi Melam"
|
|-
|''[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]''
|"April Mayile"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1992
|''[[Unnai Vaazhthi Paadugiren]]''
|"Ippodhum Nippen"
|
|-
|''[[Suriyan]]''
|"Laalaku Dol Dappima"
|
|-
|1992
|''[[Johnnie Walker (film)|Johnnie Walker]]''
|"Shanthamee Rathriyil"
|[[Malayalam]]
|Debut Malayalam film as choreographer
|-
| rowspan="5" |1993
|''[[Prathap (1993 film)|Prathap]]''
|"Maanga Maanga"
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
|''[[Rakshana]]''
|"Gallu Mandhi Basu"
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
|''[[Ezhai Jaathi]]''
|"Koduthalum Koduthanda"
| rowspan="3" |Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]''
|"[[Chikku Bukku Rayile]]"
|
|-
|''[[Walter Vetrivel]]''
|"Chinna Raasave"
|
|-
|2000
|''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''
|"Kay Sera Sera"
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]''
|"Kichchu Tha"
|Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Shakti: The Power|Shakti]]''
|"Dumroo Baje Re"
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Aabra Ka Daabra]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/as-harry-potter-turns-20-heres-looking-at-its-cringe-worthy-hindi-cousin-aabra-ka-dabra-7626012/ |title=As Harry Potter turns 20, here's looking at its cringe-worthy Hindi cousin Aabra Ka Dabra |website=Indianexpress.com |date=17 November 2021 |access-date=26 January 2022 |archive-date=26 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126074215/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/as-harry-potter-turns-20-heres-looking-at-its-cringe-worthy-hindi-cousin-aabra-ka-dabra-7626012/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|"Shiv Om"
|
|-
|2005
|''[[Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana]]''
|"Paripoke Pitta"
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Pournami (2006 film)|Pournami]]''
|"Koyo Koyo"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
|''[[Pokkiri]]''
|"Aadungada"
|Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Shankardada Zindabad]]''
|"Jagadeka Veeruniki"
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]''
|"Unnattaa Lenattaa"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''[[Villu (film)|Villu]]''
|"Rama Rama"
|Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]''
|"Jalwa"
|Hindi
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Pa. Ra. Palanisamy]]''
|"Netru Adhu"
|rowspan="3"|Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2011
|''[[Engeyum Kaadhal]]''
|"Engeyum Kaadhal"
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
|''[[Dhoni (film)|Dhoni]]''
|"Vaangum Panathukkum"
|
|-
|''[[Dhoni (film)|Dhoni]]''
|"Mattiloni Chettu"
|Telugu
|
|-
|''[[Rowdy Rathore]]''
|"Chinta Ta Chita"
| rowspan="8" |Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Oh My God (2012 film)|Oh My God]]''
|"Govinda"
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
|''[[Ramaiya Vastavaiya]]''
|"Jadoo Ki Jhappi"
|
|-
|''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]''
|"Hum Na Tode"
|
|-
|''[[R... Rajkumar]]''
|"Gandi Baat"
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2014
|''[[Action Jackson (2014 film)|Action Jackson]]''
|"AJ"
|
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Singh Is Bliing]]'' || "Singh And Kaur" ||
|-
| 2019
|''[[Dabangg 3]]''
| "Munna Badnaam Hua"
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022
|''[[Lucky Man (2022 film)|Lucky Man]]''
| "Baaro Raja"
| Kannada
|
|-
|''[[Godfather (2022 film)|Godfather]]''
| "Thar Mar"
| Telugu
|
|}

== As Singer ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Prabhu Deva film credits as singer
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|1999
|''[[Suyamvaram]]''
|"Siva Siva Sankara"
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/17425444-Sirpy-Manoj-Suyamvaram-Endrendrum-Kadhal |title=Sirpy, Manoj – Suyamvaram / Endrendrum Kadhal |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Discogs.com |year=1999 |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722000912/https://www.discogs.com/release/17425444-Sirpy-Manoj-Suyamvaram-Endrendrum-Kadhal |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2001
|''[[Ullam Kollai Poguthae]]''
|"Kingda"
|Sang the chorus portions
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/8273124-Various-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B3-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE-Ullam-Kollai-Poguthey-Birandha-Thina |title=Various – உள்ளம் கொள்ளை போகுதே – பிறந்த தினம் = Ullam Kollai Poguthey – Birandha Thinam |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=Discogs.com |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721202149/https://www.discogs.com/release/8273124-Various-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B3-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE-Ullam-Kollai-Poguthey-Birandha-Thina |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== As a choreographer ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Prabhu Deva film credits as choreographer
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2022
|''[[Godfather (2022 film)|Godfather]]''
|"Thaar Maar Thakkar Maar"
| rowspan="1" |Telugu
|
|
|-
|}

== As a lyricist ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Prabhu Deva film credits as lyricist
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Composer
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2019
|''[[Charlie Chaplin 2]]''
|"Ivala Ivala"
|Amresh Ganesh
| rowspan="3" |Tamil
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/charlie-chaplin-2-31205/song/ivala-ivala-134250 |title=Ivala Ivala listen online |website=Cinestaan.xom |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721204039/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/charlie-chaplin-2-31205/song/ivala-ivala-134250 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Devi 2]]''
|"Sokkura Penne"
|Sam C. S.
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Prabhu Deva}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deva, Prabhu}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Director filmographies]]

Praja Kutami

2026-02-26T09:06:47Z

TammieNeedham: created new post.

{{Short description|Indian political pre-poll alliance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Not to be confused with|Maha Kutami (2009)}}{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name=Praja Kutami
|abbreviation=
|national_convener=
|no_of_members=5 political parties, 1 independent
|logo=
|ideology=[[Secularism]] [[Communism]] [[Social liberalism]] [[Democratic socialism]] [[Social democracy]]
|position=[[Centre-left]] to [[far-left]]
|colorcode=#38C3FF
|leader=[[N. Uttam Kumar Reddy]] [[L. Ramana]] [[Chada Venkat Reddy]] [[M. Kodandaram]]
|state_seats_name=[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats={{composition bar|21|119|hex={{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} (2018)
|headquarters=
|eci=
|alliance=[[United Progressive Alliance]]
|foundation=11 September 2018
|dissolution=23 January 2019
}}

The '''Praja Kutami''' ({{translation|People's Alliance}}) or '''Maha Kutami''' ({{translation|Grand Alliance}})<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Telangana's Grand Alliance Threatens to Topple the TRS. Here's How It Got There. |url=https://thewire.in/politics/telangana-election-grand-alliance |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=The Wire |quote=On September 11, when once arch-rivals Congress and Telugu Desam Party (TDP) formed a grand alliance (Mahakutami or Prajakutami) in a bid to defeat the ruling Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) in poll-bound Telangana, there were several questions about its future.}}</ref> was an electoral alliance between the [[Indian National Congress]], [[Telugu Desam Party]], [[Communist Party of India]], and the [[Telangana Jana Samithi]] in the run-up to the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]. It was formed on 11 September 2018 with the sole purpose of defeating the [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] in the polls that year.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=Congress, TDP, Left form grand alliance to fight Telangana election |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-a-first-tdp-ready-for-alliance-with-congress-to-fight-telangana-election/story-og07X15IM8vPXwGWJNEFCP.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The party was seen as a major contender during the election campaign,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-10 |title=Telangana Assembly election: KCR's dreams of cakewalk fade as TDP-Congress alliance gets its act together |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/telangana-assembly-election-k-chandrashekar-raos-dreams-of-cakewalk-fade-as-tdp-congress-alliance-gets-its-act-together-5530531.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> however, the TRS managed to win a landslide victory and soundly defeated the alliance in the elections.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=Ravi |date=2018-12-11 |title=TRS retains power with landslide win |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/telangana-assembly-elections-2018/trs-retains-power-with-landslide-win/article25720468.ece |access-date=2023-12-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 23 January 2019, the alliance was called off when the Congress announced that it would contest all of the seats, both Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha, in the upcoming elections in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress To Contest Alone In Assembly, Lok Sabha Polls In Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/lok-sabha-elections-2019-congress-to-contest-alone-in-assembly-lok-sabha-polls-in-andhra-pradesh-1982364 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Until then, there were talks about the alliance contesting together in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] and [[2019 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|general elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-23 |title=No grand alliance in Andhra Pradesh, Congress says it will go alone |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/no-grand-alliance-in-andhra-pradesh-congress-says-it-will-go-alone-in-2019/story-ZJkGoKj9uaGZP0kaZVXc0K.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

The alliance was the first and only time the Congress and the TDP, once arch-rivals, teamed up together to defeat a common enemy.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> As such, throughout its existence, it was criticised as an 'unholy alliance' by the TRS and the BJP.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-11-01 |title=TRS, BJP say Naidu meeting Rahul is 'unholy alliance' of Congress-TDP |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/trs-bjp-say-naidu-meeting-rahul-is-unholy-alliance-of-congress-tdp/articleshow/66464577.cms |access-date=2023-12-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Manifesto ==
The joint manifesto of the Praja Kutami was released on 26 November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu360 |date=2018-11-26 |title='Praja Kutami' joint manifesto promises farm loan waiver |url=https://www.telugu360.com/praja-kutami-joint-manifesto-promises-farm-loan-waiver/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Somasekar |first=M. |date=2018-11-29 |title=Telangana: Promises aplenty in the race to power |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/telangana-promises-aplenty-in-the-race-to-power/article25625527.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204140915/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/telangana-promises-aplenty-in-the-race-to-power/article25625527.ece |archive-date=4 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=The Hindu BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

'''Agriculture'''

# ₹2 lakh (0.2 million) farm loan waiver for farmers.
# Ensure [[Minimum support price (India)|MSP]], stabilisation of crop prices and execution of irrigation projects.

'''Electricity'''

# Free electricity to those consuming under 100 units of power.

'''Employment'''

# All outsourcing employees will get revised pay on the basis of court order for ‘equal work and equal pay’.
# 1 lakh government vacancies will be filled within the first year of government.
# Job opportunities for Telangana workers seeking jobs in the Gulf.

'''Pension'''

# Age limit for pensioners will be reduced from 60 to 58.
# Unemployment allowance of ₹3,000 per individual.

[[File:PrajaKutami2018.png|thumb|250x250px|Seat sharing agreement between the constituent parties of Praja Kutami]]

== Constituent parties ==
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;
| colspan="12" {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="12" | '''[[Praja Kutami]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! {{abbr|Seats|Number of Seats Contested}}
! {{abbr|Women|Number of Womens Contested}}
! {{abbr|Seats Won|Number of Seats Won}}
! {{abbr|Vote Received|Votes Received Overall}}
! {{abbr|Vote %|Vote Received Overall in Percentage}}
! {{abbr|Vote in Contested|Vote Received in Seats Contested in Percentage}}
! {{abbr|Deposit|Number of Seats Deposit forfeitured}}
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
| [[N. Uttam Kumar Reddy]]
| 95
| 11
| 18
| 56,88,933
| 27.49
| 34.53
| 5
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[File:Telugu Desam Party Flag.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| [[L. Ramana]]
| 13
| 1
| 2
| 7,25,714
| 3.51
| 30.07
| 2
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[Chada Venkat Reddy]]
| 3
| 1
| 0
| 83,215
| 0.40
| 17.62
| 1
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Jana Samithi}}
| [[File:TJS.jpg|50px]]
|
| [[M. Kodandaram]]
| 4
| 1
| 0
| 83,088
| 0.40
| 11.87
| 3
|-
|colspan="5"|''Friendly Contest between Alliance''
| 4
| 0
| 1
| 2,06,431
| 0.99
| 16.31
| 5
|-
!colspan="5"| Total
!119
!14
!21
!67,87,381
!32.79
!31.82
!16
|}

== See also ==
*[[Maha Kutami (2009)]]
*[[Kutami|Kutami (2024)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Telangana elections}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Telangana|2018]]
[[Category:2018 State Assembly elections in India|Telangana]]
[[Category:2010s in Telangana]]
[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in India]]

Hannu Rajaniemi

2026-02-22T05:29:17Z

TammieNeedham: Started Initial Bio W/ Sources

{{Short description|Finnish businessman and writer}}
{{Title language|fi|italics=no}}
{{About|the writer|the footballer|Hannu Rajaniemi (footballer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Hannu Rajaniemi
| image = Hannu Rajaniemi.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Rajaniemi in 2011
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1978|03|09}}
| birth_place = [[Ylivieska]], [[Finland]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Writer, entrepreneur
| language = English, Finnish
| nationality = Finnish
| period = 2003–present
| genre = [[Science fiction]], [[fantasy]]
| subject =
| movement =
| influenced =
}}

'''{{Langr|fi|Hannu Rajaniemi}}''' (born 9 March 1978) is a [[Finnish Americans|Finnish American]] author and biotechnology entrepreneur. He has published literary works in [[science fiction]] and [[fantasy]], and writes in both English and [[Finnish language|Finnish]]. He lives in [[Oakland]], California. He is the founding director of a commercial research organisation ThinkTank Maths.<ref name=TTM>{{Cite web |url=https://thinktankmaths.com/about/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612180907/http://thinktankmaths.com/about/ | title=About us | publisher=ThinkTank Maths| access-date=7 January 2015 |archive-date=12 June 2008}}</ref> He cofounded the biotechnology company [[Helix Nano]] with Nikolai Eroshenko in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |last=Newitz|first=Annalee|date=4 August 2016|title=Hannu Rajaniemi leads a double life as a scientist and sci-fi writer|url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/08/submarines-spaceships-startups-and-sci-fi-the-life-of-hannu-rajaniemi/|work=[[Ars Technica]]|location= |publisher= |access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Newitz|first=Annalee|date=24 April 2024|title=What it’s like to invent a coronavirus vaccine in the middle of a pandemic|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/24/what-it-is-like-to-invent-a-covid-19-vaccine-during-pandemic.html|work=[[CNBC]]|location= |publisher= |access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref>

==Early life==
Rajaniemi was born in [[Ylivieska]], Finland, in 1978. He holds a BSc in Mathematics from the [[University of Oulu]], a [[Certificate of Advanced Study in Mathematics]] from the [[University of Cambridge]] and a PhD in [[Mathematical Physics]] from the [[University of Edinburgh]]. Prior to starting his PhD candidature, he completed his [[national service]] as a research scientist for the [[Finnish Defence Forces]].<ref name=TTM/>

While pursuing his PhD in Edinburgh, Rajaniemi joined Writers' Bloc,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.writers-bloc.org.uk/comrades/hannu-rajaniemi/ | title=Writers' Bloc » Hannu Rajaniemi | date=4 January 2010 | publisher=Writers' Bloc | access-date=7 January 2015 | archive-date=10 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110063440/http://www.writers-bloc.org.uk/comrades/hannu-rajaniemi/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> a writers' group in Edinburgh that organizes semi-regular [[spoken word]] performances and counts [[Charles Stross|Charlie Stross]] amongst its members.

==Career==
Early works included his first published short story "Shibuya no Love"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204085029/http://www.futurismic.com/fiction/shibuya.html "Shibuya no Love"].</ref> in 2003 and his short story "Deus Ex Homine" in [[Nova Scotia: New Scottish Speculative Fiction|Nova Scotia]], a 2005 [[anthology]] of Scottish science fiction and fantasy, which caught the attention of his current literary agent, John Jarrold.<ref name=SFN>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scifinow.co.uk/news/interview-hannu-rajaniemi/ |title=Interview: Hannu Rajaniemi |author=Sam Bandah |publisher=SciFiNow |date=3 November 2010 |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.johnjarrold.co.uk/clients/ John Jarrold: Clients]. Retrieved 19 December 2017.</ref>

Rajaniemi gained attention in October 2008 when John Jarrold secured a three-book deal for him with [[Victor Gollancz Ltd|Gollancz]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jjarrold.livejournal.com/29142.html |title=Major three-book pre-empt deal for debut SF novelist |date=6 October 2008 |access-date=7 January 2015 |first=John |last=Jarrold |publisher=[[LiveJournal]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316002650/http://jjarrold.livejournal.com/29142.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 }}</ref> on the basis of only twenty-four double-spaced pages.<ref name=SFN/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/nov/09/hannu-rajaniemi-quantum-thief | title= Hannu Rajaniemi: the science of fiction| author=Richard Lea | work=The Guardian | access-date=7 January 2015 | location=London | date=9 November 2010}}</ref>
His debut novel, ''[[The Quantum Thief]]'', was published in September 2010 by Gollancz in Britain<ref>[http://www.orionbooks.co.uk/authors/rajaniemi-hannu Hannu Rajaniemi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406034946/http://www.orionbooks.co.uk/authors/rajaniemi-hannu |date=6 April 2010 }} on the publisher's site.</ref> and was published in May 2011 by [[Tor Books]] in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.johnjarrold.co.uk/news/310/three-book-us-rights-deal-for-hannu-rajaniemi/ | title=Three-book US rights deal for Hannu Rajaniemi | author=John Jarrold |date=23 July 2010 |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=jussi>Jussi Ahlroth, Hannu Rajaniemen romaanit julkaistaan myös Yhdysvalloissa, Helsingin Sanomat, 20 July 2010, p. B 1.</ref> The novel has been nominated for the 2011 [[Locus Award for Best First Novel]].<ref name=locus>{{Cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/News/2011/05/2011-locus-award-finalists/| title=2011 Locus Award Finalists| date=11 May 2011| publisher=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]]| access-date=13 May 2011}}</ref> A sequel, ''[[The Fractal Prince]]'', was published in September 2012 by Gollancz in Britain, and in October 2012 by Tor in the U.S.<ref>[http://upcoming4.me/media-news/book-news/item/9332-hannu-rajaniemi-the-fractal-prince-cover-art,-release-date,-and-preorder-details Hannu Rajaniemi – The Fractal Prince cover art, release date, and preorder details] on Upcoming4.me. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414164651/http://www.upcoming4.me/media-news/book-news/item/9332-hannu-rajaniemi-the-fractal-prince-cover-art,-release-date,-and-preorder-details |date=14 April 2012 }}.</ref> The third book in the series is called ''[[The Causal Angel]]'', and was published in July 2014 by Gollancz in the U.K. and by Tor in the U.S.<ref>[http://www.tor.com/blogs/2014/07/book-review-the-causal-angel-hannu-rajaniemi Endgame: The Causal Angel by Hannu Rajaniemi].</ref>

Rajaniemi has stated that the literary works of [[Jules Verne]] originally inspired both his career in science, as well as his science-fiction writing.<ref>[http://www.study.eu/article/popular-finnish-authors-reveal-the-books-that-shaped-their-student-years Popular Finnish authors reveal the books that shaped their student years]. [http://www.study.eu/ Study.eu]. Retrieved 19 December 2017.</ref> Other influences include [[Maurice Leblanc]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] and architecture blogger [[BLDGBLOG|Geoff Manaugh]].<ref>[http://www.iop.org/careers/working-life/profiles/page_57724.html Once a physicist: Hannu Rajaniemi].</ref> He also co-founded Helix nanotechnologies.<ref>[https://www.snappr.co/ycdb/helix-nanotechnologies Helix Nanotechnologies]. The Y Combinator Database. Retrieved 19 December 2017.</ref>

==Awards and honors==

* 2012 [[Tähtivaeltaja Award]], winner (best science fiction book published in Finnish) for ''[[The Quantum Thief]]''.<ref>[https://partialrecall.blogspot.com/2012/06/tahtivaeltaja-award-to-hannu-rajaniemi.html "Tähtivaeltaja Award 2012"]</ref>
*2011 [[Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards]], winner, Short Form category, translation of Hannu Rajaniemi's [https://web.archive.org/web/20101205004929/http://subterraneanpress.com/index.php/magazine/spring-2010/fiction-elegy-for-a-young-elk-by-hannu-rajaniemi "Elegy for a Young Elk"].<ref>[http://www.sfftawards.org/?p=424 "And The Winners Are…"], SF&FTA website, 18 June 2011.</ref>
*2011 [[Locus Award for Best First Novel]], nominee, ''[[The Quantum Thief]]''<ref name=locus/>
*2011 [[John W. Campbell Memorial Award]], third place, ''[[The Quantum Thief]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Cmem2011.html |title=The Locus Index to SF Awards: 2011 John W. Campbell Memorial Award |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=23 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025143229/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Cmem2011.html |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2013 [[John W. Campbell Memorial Award]], nominee, ''[[The Fractal Prince]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/News/2013/05/campbell-memorial-award-finalists/ |title=Campbell Memorial Award Finalists |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] | date= 10 May 2013 | access-date=16 May 2013 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
{{As of|2014}}, Rajaniemi lives in [[San Francisco]], [[California]], with his wife.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.keskipohjanmaa.fi/uutiset/379872/Hannu-Rajaniemi-vastaanotti-Pro-Ylivieska-mitalin |title=Hannu Rajaniemi vastaanotti Pro Ylivieska-mitalin |date=16 December 2014 |website=[[Keskipohjanmaa]] |language=fi |access-date=17 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317204608/https://www.keskipohjanmaa.fi/uutiset/379872/Hannu-Rajaniemi-vastaanotti-Pro-Ylivieska-mitalin |archive-date=17 March 2021}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Before moving to the U.S., he lived in the United Kingdom for over ten years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://finlandabroad.fi/web/gbr/current-affairs/-/asset_publisher/4ojVRXvbDRVa/content/hannu-rajaniemi-pyrkii-valloittamaan-maailman/384951 |title=Hannu Rajaniemi aims at world domination |last=Heinilä |first=Tiina |date=12 October 2010 |publisher=[[Embassy of Finland, London]] |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

===Novels===
* ''Summerland'' (2018, {{ISBN|978-1473203273}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fantasticfiction.com/r/hannu-rajaniemi/summerland.htm|title = Summerland by Hannu Rajaniemi}}</ref>
* ''Darkome'' (2024, {{ISBN|9781473203327}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sttinfo.fi/tiedote/70554620/ennakkotiedote-biotekniikkaa-ja-tekoalya-kaliforniassa-asuvan-kirjailija-tiedemies-hannu-rajaniemen-lahitulevaisuuteen-sijoittuva-trilleri-julkaistaan-helsingin-kirjamessuilla |title=ENNAKKOTIEDOTE: Biotekniikkaa ja tekoälyä – Kaliforniassa asuvan kirjailija-tiedemies Hannu Rajaniemen lähitulevaisuuteen sijoittuva trilleri julkaistaan Helsingin kirjamessuilla |date=2 October 2024 |website=STT Info |publisher=[[Finnish News Agency]] |language=fi |access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref>

====The Jean le Flambeur series====

* ''[[The Quantum Thief]]'' (2010, {{ISBN|978-0-575-08888-7}})
** Third place, [[John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel]]<ref name=CampbellMemorial>[http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/campbell.htm "The John W. Campbell Memorial Award"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031043553/http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/campbell.htm |date=31 October 2019 }}. The John Wayne and Elsie M. Gunn Center for the Study of Science Fiction. The University of Kansas. Updated 11 July 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2012.</ref>

* ''[[The Fractal Prince]]'' (2012, {{ISBN|978-0-575-08891-7}})
* ''[[The Causal Angel]]'' (2014, {{ISBN|978-0-575-08896-2}})<ref name="causal">[http://upcoming4.me/news/book-news/hannu-rajaniemi-the-causal-angel-announced Hannu Rajaniemi - The Causal Angel announced] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323221241/http://upcoming4.me/news/book-news/hannu-rajaniemi-the-causal-angel-announced |date=23 March 2014 }}</ref>

===Collections===
* ''Words of Birth and Death'' (2006, Bloc Press), as a limited edition chapbook.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.writers-bloc.org.uk/chapbooks/ |title=Writer's Bloc - Chapbooks |date=9 October 2009 |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924064923/http://www.writers-bloc.org.uk/chapbooks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
** "The Viper Blanket"
** "Barley Child"
** "Fisher of Men"
* ''Hannu Rajaniemi: Collected Fiction'' (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Tachyon 2015 preview: HANNU RAJANIEMI: COLLECTED FICTION|url=http://tachyonpub.tumblr.com/post/103060246833/tachyon-2015-preview-hannu-rajaniemi-collected|publisher=Tumblr|access-date=26 January 2015}}</ref> {{ISBN|978-1-61696-192-3}}

===Short fiction===

A partial list follows.
* "Shibuya no Love"
** Published in ''futurismic.com'', 2003
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20050204085029/http://www.futurismic.com/fiction/shibuya.html Available online]
* "Deus Ex Homine"
** First anthologized in ''[[Nova Scotia: New Scottish Speculative Fiction]]'', 2005, {{ISBN|978-1-84183-086-5}}
** ''The Year's Best Science Fiction 23'', 2006, edited by Gardner Dozois, {{ISBN|0-312-35334-0}}
** ''[[Year's Best SF 11]]'', 2006, edited by David Hartwell and Kathryn Cramer, {{ISBN|0-06-087341-8}}
* "His Master's Voice"
** Published in ''Interzone 218'', October 2008
** Available online in [http://redstonesciencefiction.com/2010/09/his-masters-voice/ English] and [http://usvazine.net/usvazine305.pdf Finnish]
** Audio version available online as a [[podcast]] on the Escape Pod ([https://web.archive.org/web/20101122101646/http://escapepod.org/2009/12/03/ep227-his-masters-voice/ episode #227]) and Starship Sofa ([http://www.starshipsofa.com/20090902/aural-delights-no-98-hannu-rajaniemi/ Aural Delights No. 98])
* "Elegy for a Young Elk"
** Published in [https://web.archive.org/web/20101205004929/http://subterraneanpress.com/index.php/magazine/spring-2010/fiction-elegy-for-a-young-elk-by-hannu-rajaniemi ''Subterranean'', Spring 2010]
** Won the award for short from in the 2011 [[Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards]].<ref name=SFFTA>{{Cite web| url=http://www.sfftawards.org/?p=424 | title=And The Winners Are... | publisher=Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards | access-date=26 June 2011}}</ref>
* "The Server and the Dragon"
**Published in ''[[Engineering Infinity]]'', edited by [[Jonathan Strahan]], December 2010<ref name="Locus">{{cite web |url=http://www.locusmag.com/Reviews/2010/12/lois-tilton-reviews-short-fiction-early-december/#enginfinity |title=Lois Tilton reviews Short Fiction, early December |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |first=Lois |last=Tilton |author-link=Lois Tilton |date=7 December 2010 |access-date=6 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="SF.com">{{cite web |url=http://sciencefiction.com/2011/04/11/book-review-engineering-infinity-ed-jonathan-strahan/ |title=Book Review: ''Engineering Infinity'' (ed) Jonathan Strahan |first=Nigel |last=Seel |publisher=ScienceFiction.com |date=11 April 2011 |access-date=6 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Tangent">{{cite web |url=http://www.tangentonline.com/print--other-reviewsmenu-263/anthologies-reviewsmenu-107/1528-engineering-infinity-edited-by-jonathan-strahan |title=''Engineering Infinity'', edited by Jonathan Strahan |first=Robert E. |last=Waters |website=Tangent |date=8 March 2011 |access-date=6 January 2015 |archive-date=13 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413081542/http://www.tangentonline.com/print--other-reviewsmenu-263/anthologies-reviewsmenu-107/1528-engineering-infinity-edited-by-jonathan-strahan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* "Invisible Planets"
**Published in ''[[Reach for Infinity]]'', edited by Jonathan Strahan, May 2014<ref name="Tor Infinity">{{cite web |url=http://www.tor.com/2014/06/12/book-review-anthology-reach-for-infinity-jonathan-strahan/ |title=Step into the Stars: ''Reach for Infinity'', ed. Jonathan Strahan |work=[[Tor.com]] |first=Niall |last=Alexander |date=12 June 2014 |access-date=13 December 2015}}</ref>
* "Unchained: A story of love, loss, and blockchain"
** [https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610831/unchained-a-story-of-love-loss-and-blockchain/ Published] in ''[[MIT Technology Review]]'', 25 April 2018.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Twitter}}
* {{isfdb name |37533 |Hannu Rajaniemi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajaniemi, Hannu}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Finnish novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Finnish male writers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:English-language writers]]
[[Category:Finnish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Finnish expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Finnish expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Finnish male novelists]]
[[Category:Finnish male short story writers]]
[[Category:Finnish science fiction writers]]
[[Category:Finnish short story writers]]
[[Category:People from Ylivieska]]
[[Category:University of Oulu alumni]]

JPMorgan India Growth & Income

2026-02-06T14:28:10Z

TammieNeedham: Done.

{{Short description|British investment trust}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = JPMorgan India Growth & Income
| former_name =
| logo = J P Morgan Logo 2008 1.svg
| type = [[Public company]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{LSE|JII}}|[[FTSE 250 Index]] component}}
| ISIN = GB0003450359
| industry = [[Investment trust]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1994}}
| hq_location = [[25 Bank Street]], [[Canary Wharf]]
| hq_location_city = [[London]]
| hq_location_country = England
| key_people = Jeremy Whitley ([[Chairman]])
| footnotes =
}}
'''JPMorgan India Growth & Income''' ({{lse|JII}}) is a large [[United Kingdom|British]] [[investment trust]] dedicated to investments in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trustnet.com/factsheets/t/je94/jp-morgan-indian-it-plc|title=JPMorgan Indian Investment Trust|publisher=Trust.net|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Established in 1994, the company will become a constituent of the [[FTSE 250 Index]], an index of the larger companies on the [[London Stock Exchange]], on 27 September 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://research.ftserussell.com/products/index-notices/home/getnotice/?id=2605647|title=Brewin Dolphin Holdings (UK): Constituent Deletion - Update: Changes in FTSE UK Index Series|date=22 September 2022|access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> The [[chairman]] is Jeremy Whitley.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theaic.co.uk/aic/news/industry-news/jpmorgan-indian-announces-package-of-changes-following-strategic-review|title=JPMorgan Indian announces package of changes following strategic review|date=19 May 2025|newspaper=The Association of Investment Companies|access-date=3 October 2025}}</ref>

==History==
The company was established as the Fleming Indian Investment Trust under the management of [[Robert Fleming & Co.]] in 1994. After Robert Fleming & Co. was acquired by [[Chase Bank|Chase Manhattan]] in April 2000,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/709222.stm|title=Chase buys Fleming for £4.8bn|date=11 April 2000|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> and Chase Manhattan merged with [[J.P. Morgan & Co.]] in December 2000,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E1DA1438F930A2575AC0A9669C8B63&scp=12&sq=j.p.morgan+chase+manhattan+merger&st=nyt |title=Banking's Big Deal: The Overview; Chase Is Reported On Verge of Deal to Obtain Morgan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607023323/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9407E1DA1438F930A2575AC0A9669C8B63&scp=12&sq=j.p.morgan+chase+manhattan+merger&st=nyt |archive-date=7 June 2008|newspaper=New York Times|date=13 September 2000}}</ref> it was brought under the management of J.P. Morgan & Co. It became the JP Morgan Fleming Indian Investment Trust in 2002 and then, following JPMorgan's decision to drop the Fleming brand,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://citywire.com/new-model-adviser/news/jp-morgan-to-ditch-fleming-name/a265620 |title= JP Morgan to ditch Fleming name|date=26 April 2005|newspaper=City Wire| access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.moneymarketing.co.uk/news/jp-morgan-axes-fleming-brand-across-europe/ |title=JP Morgan axes Fleming brand across Europe|date=5 May 2005|newspaper=Money Marketing| access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> it adopted the name JPMorgan Indian Investment Trust in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/02915926 |title=JPMorgan Indian Investment Trust |publisher=Companies House| access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref> The company announced a return of capital of £195 million to shareholders in January 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://citywireamericas.com/news/jpmorgan-s-big-india-trust-set-to-slim-with-25-tender-offer/a1310005?section=investment-trust-insider|title=JPMorgan’s big India trust set to slim with 25% tender offer|date=6 January 2020|newspaper=CityWire|access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> It changed its name to JPMorgan India Growth & Income in October 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.investegate.co.uk/announcement/rns/jpmorgan-indian-investment-trust--jigi/company-name-change-/9144337|title=Company name change|publisher=Investegate|access-date=6 February 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jpmorganinvestmenttrusts.co.uk Official site]
{{FTSE 250 Index constituents}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Investment trusts of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:JPMorgan Chase]]
[[Category:Inward investment]]
[[Category:Investment in India]]
[[Category:Companies in the FTSE 250 Index]]

{{UK-finance-company-stub}}

Madalsa Sharma

2026-01-19T01:46:33Z

TammieNeedham: added bio - done

{{short description|Indian film and television actress (born 1991)}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madalsa Sharma
| image = MadalsaSharma-attending-the-Red-Carpet-of-the-22nd-ITA-Awards-in-Mumbai-10-480x360.jpg
| caption = Sharma in 2022
| birth_name = Mithi Sharma
| birth_date = {{birth_date and age|1991|09|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = {{ubl| Madalasa,|Maddalasa,<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Maddalasa-adds-D-for-good-luck/articleshow/10302532.cms |title=Maddalasa adds 'D' for good luck|work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2011 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref>|Mithi<ref name="Mithi">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/madalsa-sharma-turns-mithi/articleshow/12716779.cms |title=Madalsa Sharma turns Mithi |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=3 April 2014}}</ref>}}
| years_active = 2009–present
| occupation = Actress
| mother = [[Sheela Sharma]]
| known_for = ''[[Anupamaa]]''
|relatives= See [[List of Hindi film clans#Chakraborty family|Chakraborty family]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Mahaakshay Chakraborty]]|2018}}

}}

'''Madalsa Chakraborty''' ([[née]] '''Mithi Sharma'''; born 26 September 1991),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saxena |first=Harshita |date=26 September 2021 |title=जन्मदिन: टीवी इंडस्ट्री से पहले फिल्मों में भी काम कर चुकी हैं मदालसा शर्मा, ससुर मिथुन चक्रवर्ती के साथ शेयर करती हैं खास बॉन्ड |trans-title=Birthday: Madalsa has acted in films before TV, shares a special bond with father-in-law Mithun Chakraborty |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television/birthday-madalsa-sharma-who-has-also-worked-in-films-before-the-tv-industry-shares-a-special-bond-with-father-in-law-mithun-chakraborty |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithun Chakraborty's Daughter-in-law Madalsa Sharma's Vacation Post Sets Insta on Fire |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mithun-chakrabortys-daughter-in-law-madalsa-sharmas-vacation-post-sets-insta-on-fire-4311596.html |access-date=30 November 2021 |website=News18 |date=11 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian film and television actress best known for portraying Kavya Shah in [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Anupamaa]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140109/ttlife1.htm |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – The Tribune Lifestyle |work=The Tribune |date=9 January 1974 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Madalsa Sharma was born to actress [[Sheela Sharma]] and film producer and director Subhash Sharma on 26 September 1991 in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2021 |title=Rupali Ganguly to Sudhanshu Pandey: Meet Anupamaa actors' real family members; in pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rupali-ganguly-to-sudhanshu-pandey-meet-anupamaa-actors-real-family-members-in-pics/photostory/83866831.cms |access-date=11 November 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="newindianexpress1">{{cite web |author=P Vasudeva rao |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article24044.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507013721/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article24044.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 May 2014 |title=Eyeing young & bubbly roles |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> After completing her schooling from Marble Arch school, she studied English literature<ref name="indiatimes1"/> at [[Mithibai College]], Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/cinema-connect-2/ |title=Cinema Connect |work=The Indian Express |date=30 April 2014 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref>

She became interested in acting as a career at an early age.<ref name="indianexpress2">{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/cinema-connect-2/99/ |title=Cinema Connect | Page 99 |work=The Indian Express |date=30 April 2014 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> She attended the [[Kishore Namit Kapoor]] Acting Institute and took acting lessons and learned dancing under [[Ganesh Acharya]] and [[Shiamak Davar]].<ref name="newindianexpress1"/>

She married [[Mahaakshay Chakraborty]], son of [[Mithun Chakraborty]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahaakshay Chakraborty to marry Madalsa Sharma on July 7 despite rape FIR |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/mahaakshay-chakraborty-to-marry-madalsa-sharma-on-july-7-despite-rape-fir-1278044-2018-07-05 |access-date=30 November 2021 |website=India Today |date=5 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> in 2018.

==Career==
Madalsa made her acting debut in the 2009 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Fitting Master]]'' by [[E.V.V. Satyanarayana]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/comedy-evv-style/article655267.ece |title=Comedy, EVV style |work=The Hindu |date=13 January 2009 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> The film was a success and Madalsa's performance was appreciated. The next year she made her debut in the [[Kannada]] film industry with ''[[Shourya (2010 film)|Shourya]]'', which gave a great boost to Madalsa's career.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wire |first=Sampurn |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/article198031.ece |title=Madalasa Sharma's Kannada Debut |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=6 May 2014 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306151956/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/article198031.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also in 2010 she was seen in another Telugu film, ''[[Aalasyam Amrutam]]'', under the banner of Suresh Productions. D. Rama Naidu chose Madalsa as the leading lady for the film. The film only did well at the box office but also took Madalsa's career to another level. She received positive comments for her performance in the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/08/south-review-thambikku-indha-ooru.htm |title=Thambikku Indha Ooru is ridiculous |work=Rediff.com |date=8 March 2010 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/thambikku-intha-ooru-has-no-depth/113255-47-92.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506073751/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/thambikku-intha-ooru-has-no-depth/113255-47-92.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2010 |title='Thambikku Intha Ooru' has no depth – IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=29 April 2010 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref>

Her maiden Bollywood film ''[[Angel (2011 film)|Angel]]'', by choreographer Ganesh Acharya, was released in February 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/nowshowing/article1414659.ece |title=Nowshowing |work=The Hindu |date=12 February 2011 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> The film received great comments and Madalsa's performance was the talk of the town. Soon after was another Telugu release, ''[[Mem Vayasuku Vacham]]'' and her role was well received.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Maddalasa-is-on-cloud-nine/articleshow/14464220.cms |title=Maddalasa is on cloud nine|work=The Times of India |date=28 June 2012 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> [[The Times of India]] wrote that she "plays the eye candy very well."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Mem-Vayasuki-Vacham/movie-review/14357702.cms |title=Mem Vayasuki Vacham movie review: Wallpaper, Story, Trailer at Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref>

Later in 2014, her second Hindi film, Sooraj Barjatya [[Rajshri Productions]]' ''[[Samrat & Co.]]'' released. The film received very good reviews overall. ''Samrat & Co''. was a great relaunch for Madalsa in Bollywood. This was followed by ''[[Chitram Cheppina Katha]]'', Telugu actor [[Uday Kiran]]'s last film.<ref>{{cite news |author=y. sunita chowdhary |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/in-udays-memory/article5765136.ece |title=In Uday's memory |work=The Hindu |date=9 March 2014 |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> In April 2014, she had stated that she has been working on three Telugu projects.<ref name="indianexpress2"/>

In 2017 Madalsa made her digital debut through music video titled '' Dhokha '' opposite Ganesh Acharya, Single by Rimesh Raja.

In 2020 she made her television debut by portraying Kavya Shah in [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Anupamaa]]''. She quit the series after 4 years in September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madalsa Sharma Chakraborty's small screen debut |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/madalsa-madalsa-sharma-chakrabortys-small-screen-debut-111445 |website=The Tribune}}</ref>

In December 2021 Madalsa featured in ''Butterfly'' opposite [[Namit Khanna]], sung by [[Dev Negi]] and [[Swati Sharma]].

In May 2022, Madalsa reprised her role of Kavya Gandhi in ''[[Anupamaa]]'s'' prequel web-series ''[[Anupama: Namaste America]]'s'' last episode.

In 2023, Madalsa starred in [[Sudhanshu Pandey]]'s solo single ''Dil Ki Tu Zameen.''<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sudhanshu-pandey-to-feature-in-solo-single-dil-ki-tu-zameen-after-almost-five-years/articleshow/99937580.cms | title=Sudhanshu Pandey to feature in solo single 'Dil Ki Tu Zameen' after almost five years | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref name="Check Out Latest Hindi Video Song '">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-latest-hindi-video-song-dil-ki-tu-zameen-sung-by-sudhanshu-pandey/videoshow/99984401.cms | title=Check Out Latest Hindi Video Song 'Dil Ki Tu Zameen' Sung by Sudhanshu Pandey | Hindi Video Songs - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

Sharma quitted ''[[Anupamaa]]'' in September 2024, soon after exit of her co-actor [[Sudhanshu Pandey]] due to her reduced screen presence after turning her character Kavya positive.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Madalsa Sharma quits Anupamaa: I missed the spark the character had|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-madalsa-sharma-quits-anupamaa-i-missed-the-spark-the-character-had/articleshow/113366092.cms|access-date=16 September 2024|website=The Times of India|date=16 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Title || Role || Language || Ref.
|-
|2009 || ''[[Fitting Master]]'' || Meghana || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
|scope ="row" rowspan =3| 2010 || ''[[Shourya (2010 film)|Shourya]]'' || Shweta || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
| ''[[Aalasyam Amrutam]]'' || Vaidehi || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Thambikku Indha Ooru]]'' || Priya || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
|2011 || ''[[Angel (2011 film)|Angel]]'' || Sonal Mahajan || [[Hindi]] ||
|-
|2012 || ''[[Mem Vayasuku Vacham]]'' || Khushi || Telugu ||
|-
|scope= "row" rowspan= 2| 2013 || ''[[Pathayeram Kodi]]'' || Bhoomika || Tamil ||Dubbed in Hindi as ''Paisa Ho Paisa''
|-
| ''The Girl with the Indian Emerald'' || Mala || [[German language|German]]||
|-
|scope = "row" rowspan =3| 2014 || ''[[Patiala Dreamz]]'' || Reet || [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ||
|-
| ''[[Samrat & Co]]'' || Dimpy Singh || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Chitram Cheppina Katha]]'' || || rowspan= 2| Telugu || Unreleased
|-
| rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2015 || ''[[Ram Leela (2015 Telugu film)|Ram Leela]]'' || Special Appearance ||
|-
| ''[[Dove (film)|Dove]]'' || Sona || Kannada ||
|-
|scope ="row" rowspan=2| 2016 || ''Dil Sala Sanki'' || || Hindi ||
|-
|''Super 2'' || || Telugu ||
|-
|2018 || ''[[Mausam Ikrar Ke Do Pal Pyar Ke]]'' || Anjali || rowspan= 3| Hindi ||
|-
|2022 || ''[[Kartoot]]'' || Nighar ||
|-
|2025 || ''[[The Bengal Files]]'' || Wife of Sardar Husseini, unnamed ||
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Title || Role || Notes
|-
| 2020–2024
| ''[[Anupamaa]]''
|rowspan= "2"| Kavya Shah
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Ravivaar With Star Parivaar]]''
| Episodes 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9
|}

===Web series===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Anupama: Namaste America]]''
| Kavya Gandhi
| Cameo; Episode 11
|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Title || Singer(s)|| Ref.
|-
|2017
|| ''Dhoka''
|| Rimesh Raja
||
|-
| scope ="row" rowspan = 1| 2021
| ''Butterfly''
| [[Dev Negi]], [[Swati Sharma]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Butterfly |url=https://www.hungama.com/song/butterfly/80163144/ |language=en |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2023 ||''Dil Ki Tu Zameen ''|| [[Sudhanshu Pandey]]
|<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><ref name="Check Out Latest Hindi Video Song '"/>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Award || Category || Work || Result || Ref.
|-
|2020
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
|''[[Anupamaa]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITA Awards 2020 gets more than 1 crore votes in popular category. List of nominees |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/ita-awards-2020-gets-more-than-1-crore-votes-in-popular-category-list-of-nominees-1768308-2021-02-11 |website=India Today|date=11 February 2021 }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20140507012100/http://www.madalsasharma.com/}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Madalsa}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Abhimanyu Lal

2026-01-12T04:22:18Z

TammieNeedham: put up post

{{short description|Dancer and choreographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Abhimanyu Lal
|known_for = Kathak dance and choreography
|parents = [[Geetanjali Lal]], Pandit Devi Lal
|relatives = [[Durga Lal|Pandit Durga Lal]]
|website = http://kathakresonance.com/
}}

'''Abhimanyu Lal''' is an Indian classical [[Kathak]] dancer, [[Choreography|choreographer]] and percussionist.<ref name="bulgaria">{{cite web |title=Radio Bulgaria: Kathak dancers Vidha and Abhimanyu Lal in Sofia |url=https://bnr.bg/en/post/100275908/kathak-dancers-vidha-and-abhimanyu-lal-in-sofia |website=bnr.bg |language=en}}</ref> He is the son and disciple of celebrated Kathak exponent [[Geetanjali Lal|Guru Geetanjali Lal]].<ref name="guruma-tribune">{{cite news |title=Where words fall short |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/where-words-fall-short-56699 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite news |last1=M. |first1=Athira |title='We complement each other' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/%E2%80%98We-complement-each-other%E2%80%99/article17127484.ece |work=The Hindu |date=2 February 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Abhimanyu Lal started formal training in Kathak, under his mother [[Geetanjali Lal|Guru Geetanjali Lal]], in his teens. He was initially keen on becoming a singer, but once he started practising [[Kathak]] there was no looking back.<ref name="thehindu"/>

His interest in music also led him to take formal training in western drumming from the [[YMCA]] in New Delhi.<ref name="tribune">{{cite news |title=Each other's shadow |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/each-other-s-shadow-659633 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==

Abhimanyu is an ‘A’ grade artist of [[Doordarshan|Delhi Doordarshan]] and is also an empanelled artist of ICCR ([[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]).<ref name="kathakkendra">{{cite web |title=Abhimanyu Lal, Varishtha Kathak Prashikshak |url=http://kathakkendra.in/about-kathak-kendra/teaching-faculty/abhimanyu-lal-varishtha-kathak-prashikshak/ |website=kathakkendra.in}}</ref>

He has been performing in major dance festivals, all over the world, in Vienna, Graz, Singapore, Croatia, Oslo, Netherlands, Canada, Egypt, Switzerland, Fiji Islands, Mauritius, [[Réunion|Reunion island]], Seychelles, South Africa, Bulgaria<ref name="bulgaria"/> etc.<ref name="kathakkendra"/><ref name="elegantdancers">{{cite web |title=The Elegant Creations - Dancers Artists |url=https://www.theelegantcreations.com/dancers.php |website=www.theelegantcreations.com}}</ref>
He has performed at many prestigious events such as 64th Indian Republic Day celebration in [[Dubai]] 2013, [[2012 Summer Olympics|London Olympics 2012]], Birmingham International Dance Festival, IncredibleIndia@60 in [[New York City|New York]], India festival in Russia.<ref name="elegantdancers"/><ref name="meetkalakar">{{cite web |title=Abhimanyu Lal |url=https://meetkalakar.com/Artist/1718-Abhimanyu-Lal |website=meetkalakar.com}}</ref>

He is currently working as a 'Varishtha Kathak Prashikshak'(senior instructor) at [[National Institute of Kathak Dance|Kathak Kendra]], New Delhi, training the next generation of artists.<ref name="kathakkendra"/>

==Performance style==

Abhimanyu Lal is considered a master of footwork<ref name="thehindu"/><ref name="newindiaexp">{{cite news |title=Splendour of the night casts its spell |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2018/feb/10/splendour-of-the-night-casts-its-spell-1771407.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> and is known to employ all the three major aspects of performance – ''Nritta'' (pure dance), ''Nritya'' (footwork and [[abhinaya]]) and ''Naatya'' ([[abhinaya]]).<ref name="creativeyatra">{{cite web |title=Masculine energy and feminine charm in the dancing couple's Kathak at Saptak |url=https://creativeyatra.com/reviews/masculine-energy-and-feminine-charm-in-the-dancing-couples-kathak-at-saptak/ |website=Creative Yatra}}</ref> Often [[Dance improvisation|improvising]] during the course of the performance, he also finds ways to involve the audience, requesting the audience to clap and keep time with the footwork sequence.<ref name="thehindu"/><ref name="creativeyatra"/>

As he doubles as a dancer and drummer, he gets many interesting reactions from audiences, often playing Kathak's rhythmic patterns on the [[drum kit|drums]].<ref name="tribune"/> While he enjoys playing drum for traditional [[Kathak]] dance compositions and choreographies of his mother [[Geetanjali Lal|Guru Geetanjali Lal]], he has also experimented with contemporary dance numbers, doing [[jugalbandi]] with African drummers.<ref name="tribune"/>

==Awards and honors==

* Shri Krishana Gana Sabha Endownment Award<ref name="elegantdancers"/>
* Nritya Jayantika Award<ref name="elegantdancers"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:LaL, Abhimanyu}}
[[Category:Kathak dancers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Peringathur

2025-12-20T10:04:53Z

TammieNeedham:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Peringathur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Census Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.713715|N|75.585976|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Council]]
| governing_body = [[Panoor (Municipality)]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 20.46
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 40,292
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 670675
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Peringathur''' is a [[census town]] in [[Thalassery]] taluk of [[Kannur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]]. It is a part of the municipality of [[Panoor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Peringathur had a population of 40,292. Males constitute 46% of the population and females were 54%. Peringathur had an average literacy rate of 96%, higher than the state average of 94%: male literacy was 97.6%, and female literacy was 94.6%. In Peringathur, 12.5% of the population was under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kannur |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=210,211 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

==Etymology==
It is believed that the name "Peringathur" was derived from Peringalath Ur, which means the place where great wars took place. It gradually came to be known as Peringathur. Kanakamala is a developing tourist spot and the hill ranges of Wayanad and Mahe beach can be viewed from this hilltop.

Peringathur town is situated in the southern border of Kannur district. This town comes under Panoor Municipality and is 6 km away from Mahe. The Mayyazhi river flows through this town. The nearest towns include Panoor, Nadapuram, Kadavathur, Chokli, Thalassery, and Kuthuparamba.

==Transportation==
The national highway passes through [[Thalassery]] town. Goa and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[Cochin]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of [[Iritty]] connects to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest railway station is [[Thalassery]] on the Mangalore-[[Palakkad]] line.

Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet. Nearby airports include [[Kannur International Airport]], [[Calicut International Airport]], and [[Mangalore International Airport]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kannur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kannur district]]

{{Kannur-geo-stub}}

Dharmathakur

2025-12-12T01:16:57Z

TammieNeedham:

{{Short description|Hindu deity of death and justice}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
[[File:Dharmarajtala Surmanagar Arnab Dutta.JPG|alt=Dharmaraj Gajan is the traditional festival of Barddhaman, Bankura district villages|thumb|300x300px|The traditional shrine of Dharmaraj at a Barddhaman, Bankura District's villages.]]
'''Dharmathakur''' (also called, '''Dharmaraj''' or simply '''Dharma''') is a [[Hindu deities|Hindu deity]] of death and justice, worshipped by villagers in the traditional [[Rarh region]] in the present day Indian state of [[West Bengal]] as one of their special village gods (''[[Gramadevata|gram devata]]''). He is represented by a shapeless stone daubed with vermillion and is normally placed under a tree or placed in the open, but sometimes enshrined in a temple. The worship takes place in the months of [[Boishakh|Baisakh]], [[Joishtho|Jaistha]] and [[Asharh|Asarh]] on the day of full moon and sometimes on the last day of [[Bhadro]].<ref>O'Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Birbhum'', ''Bengal District Gazetteers'', p. 36, 1996 reprint, first published 1910, Government of West Bengal</ref> Dharmaraj is worshipped mainly by the [[Bauris|Bauri]], [[Bagdi (caste)|Bagdi]], [[Haris (caste)|Hari]], [[Doms|Dom]] etc. castes.<ref>Mitra, Ajit Kumar, ''Birbhumer Loukik Debdebi'', (in Bengali), ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special Issue, pp. 321–334, Government of West Bengal</ref>

A temple of Dharma stood in the [[Janbazar|Jaun Bazaar]] street in Calcutta during the late 19th century.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=IWsoAAAAYAAJ&dq=%E2%80%98Buddhist+Temple+in+Jaun+Bazar&pg=PA322 The Calcutta Review, Volume 106, 1898 p. 322]</ref>

==Origins==
Dharmaraj has been linked with many gods such as Sun-god [[Surya]], [[Varuna]], [[Vishnu]], [[Yama]], [[Shiva]] and even with [[Buddhism]]. Fundamentally, it all started with the magical beliefs related to harvesting in the primitive days and thereafter layers of [[Aryan race|Aryan]] Hindu and Buddhist beliefs transformed it in many ways at different places and has now become too complex to trace its roots properly.<ref name=Mitra1>Mitra, Dr. Amalendu, ''Rarher Sanskriti O Dharmaraj'', (in Bengali), first published 1972, 2001 edition, pp. 109–117, Subarnarekha, 73 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata</ref>

[[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]] says, "Dharma who is however described as the supreme deity, creator and ordainer of the Universe, superior even to Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva and at times identified with them, and he has nothing of the abstractions of Buddhist Dharma about him." He has further opined that the songs and dances linked with [[Gajan (festival)|Gajan]] of Dharma is clearly non-Aryan in origin. It could be [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] or [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Tibeto-Chinese]].<ref name=Mitra1/>

[[Sukumar Sen (linguist)|Sukumar Sen]] says that Dharmaraj has come down with the so-called lower category of common people. They formed a majority at one point of time and had no right to [[Brahminical Hinduism|Brahminical]] learning. Brahmins who started migrating to [[Bengal]] in large numbers during the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] period were mostly not the original inhabitants of Bengal and as such had no links with Dharmaraj. He was not a personal-god but a community-god worshipped by many at a time. He was worshipped by large groups of non-Brahmins such as Haris, Doms and [[Chandalas]].<ref name=Mitra1/>

It is notable that very important patrons of his worship were Brahmins and that they wrote most of the scriptures dedicated to his worship. These include works ''Dharma Purana'' of Mayura Bhatt,<ref>P. 19 ''The history of medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa'' By Prabhat Mukherjee</ref> the ''[[Dharmamangal]]'' of Mayura Bhatta, [[Ramdas Adak]], Manik Ganguly, Ghanarama, Sahadeva Chakravarty,<ref>P. v ''History of Bengali language and literature: A series of lectures delivered as Reader to the Calcutta University'' by Dineshchandra Sen, University of Calcutta</ref> and Ruparama.<ref>P. 30 ''Vaiṣṇavism in Bengal, 1486-1900'' by Ramakanta Chakravarti</ref> Perhaps the Ghanarama festival,<ref>P. 87 ''Spolia zeylanica: Volume 36'' by National Museums of Sri Lanka, Colombo Museum, Colombo, Ceylon</ref> in which modern-day adherents worship Dharmaraj is named after the Brahmin Ghanarama Chakravarti.

Frank Korom, a Professor of Religion and Anthropology at Boston University, wrote his PhD dissertation on Dharmaraj. He found that Dharmaraj is perceived and worshipped differently from district to district.<ref>Frank Joseph Korom, "''To be happy'': Narrative, ritual play and leisure in an annual Bengali religious festival" (1 January 1992). Dissertations available from ProQuest. Paper AAI9235162. http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9235162</ref>

==Vahan==
Hindu gods and goddesses have ''[[Vahana|vahans]]'' – an animal on which the deity rides. Horse is the ''vahan'' of Dharmaraj. However, in some cases the elephant is also used as a ''vahan''. In the Rarh region where Dharmaraj is worshipped there is no end to the symbolic use of terracotta and wooden horses. Symbolic sacrifice of horses for fulfilment of wishes is common for many village gods and goddesses, but an assembly of terracotta horses of various shapes and sizes representing sacrifice on wish fulfilment is perhaps peculiar to Dharmaraj. It is a possibility that the horse symbolises links with the Sun-god.<ref>Mitra, Dr. Amalendu, pp. 156-159</ref>
{{See also|Bankura horse}}

==Gajan==
The festival associated with Dharmaraj is called Dharmer [[Gajan (festival)|gajan]] or Dharma's gajan.<ref>Nicholas, R. (2008). Rites of Spring. Gājan in Village Bengal. New Delhi: Chronicle Books. Ferrari, F.M. (2010). Guilty Males and Proud Females. Negotiating Genders in a Bengali Festival. Calcutta and London: Seagull.</ref> Shiva’s gajan and Dharmaraj's gajan are similar. The horse is essential in Dharmaraj's gajan but it is not so in Shiva’s gajan. The sannyasis (hermits) of gajan are called ''bhakta'' of ''bhaktia''. They observe certain rituals which are similar to those observed on a person’s death. There is certain amount of confusion regarding the interpretation of the rituals as gajan is supposed to celebrate the marriage of Dharmaraj with Mukti.<ref>Mitra, Dr. Amalendu, pp. 165-169</ref> The skull dance is part of Gajan. This is believed to be of non-Aryan origin.<ref>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, p. 67, Prakash Bhaban</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{Dharmamangal Topics}}
{{Hindu deities and texts}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Paschim Medinipur district]]

Lado Panchayat

2025-11-25T18:33:03Z

TammieNeedham: New

{{Short description|Indian social movement}}
{{AI-generated|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox
| title = Lado Panchayat
| label1 = Country
| data1 = [[India]]
| label2 = Inception
| data2 = 2019
| label3 = Founder
| data3 = [[Sunil Jaglan]]
| label4 = Patron
| data4 =
| label5 = Motive
| data5 = [[Women's empowerment]]
| label6 =
| data6 =
}}
'''Lado Panchayat''' is a women-led community initiative in [[Haryana, India]], focused on empowering women and girls through advocacy, education, and community governance. Originating in [[Bibipur|Bibipur village]], [[Jind district]], it serves as a platform for rural women to address social issues such as [[child marriage]], [[Gender-related violence|gender-based violence]], and access to education.'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2025 |title=Lado panchayat demands strict law against abusive language |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/lado-panchayat-demands-strict-law-against-abusive-language-101739297972669.html |access-date=29 April 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>'''

It emerged as an alternative to the traditionally male-dominated [[Khap panchayats|Khap Panchayats]], which have historically held significant influence in rural areas of [[North India]].

== History ==
Lado Panchayat was established in Bibipur, Haryana, by former sarpanch [[Sunil Jaglan]], with the first meeting held in 2019. The initiative emerged as a response to patriarchal norms, aiming to amplify women’s voices in rural governance. Named “Lado” (meaning “beloved daughter” in Hindi), it emphasizes the empowerment of girls and women in traditionally male-dominated spaces.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-02 |title=सुनील जागलान ने लडकियों की शादी की उम्र बारे बनाई रिपोर्ट संसदीय समिति को सौंपी |url=https://m.haryana.punjabkesari.in/haryana/news/sunil-jaglan-made-a-report-1539693?amp |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=Punjabkesari}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 2025 |title=First online Lado Panchayat to improve sex ratio held in Haryana |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/first-online-lado-panchayat-to-improve-sex-ratio-held-in-haryana-101747417498396.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== Activities and impact ==
Lado Panchayat organizes meetings where women and girls discuss and advocate for solutions to community issues. In 2021, it gained attention for campaigning to raise the legal marriage age for girls from 19 to 21, a proposal later supported by the [[Government of India|Indian government]]. The initiative has also addressed abusive language, demanding stricter laws against casteist and derogatory remarks, and promoted education for girls to combat early marriage and gender inequality.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Lado Panchayat' hails govt move to increase marriageable age |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/lado-panchayat-hails-govt-move-to-increase-marriageable-age/articleshow/88364959.cms |access-date=2025-04-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajwa |first=Harpreet |date=2021-07-01 |title=Haryana: Call to raise marriage age to 21 in girls' panchayat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Jul/26/call-to-raise-marriage-age-to-21-in-girls-panchayat-2335409.html |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The platform has been recognized for challenging the “sarpanch pati” phenomenon, where male relatives act as proxy leaders for elected women in panchayats. By fostering leadership and decision-making skills, Lado Panchayat aligns with broader efforts to strengthen women’s roles in Panchayati Raj institutions. In 2022, its work was presented to an Indian parliamentary committee, highlighting its influence on national policy discussions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-04 |title=Several measures undertaken to address 'Sarpanch Pati' practice: Government |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/several-measures-undertaken-to-address-sarpanch-pati-practice-government/articleshow/115978062.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
Lado Panchayat has been covered by national and international media, including [[The Hindu]], [[The Times of India]], [[Hindustan Times]], and [[Voice of America]], for its role in women’s empowerment. Its efforts to reshape rural gender norms have been noted as part of a broader movement for civic engagement in India.

== See also ==
* [[Women's empowerment]]
* [[Panchayati Raj]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Social welfare charities]]
[[Category:Feminism in India]]
[[Category:Women's empowerment]]

Bori tribal people

2025-09-14T13:29:12Z

TammieNeedham: expand references based on references per standard format

{{Short description|Indigenous tribe of the Adi people}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}

The '''Bori''' are an [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous tribe]] of the [[Adi people]] living in the districts of [[East Siang]], [[Upper Siang]], [[Siang district|Siang]] and [[West Siang]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].{{Clarify|reason=Population number?
Status in terms of reservation system?|date=September 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Danggen, Bani. (2003). ''The kebang: A unique indigenous political institution of the Adis''. Delhi: Himalayan Publishers. {{ISBN|81-86393-51-X}}
* Danggen, Bani. (2003). ''A book of conversation: A help book for English to Adi conversation''. Itanagar: Himalayan Publishers. {{ISBN|81-86393-50-1}}.
* Mibang, Tamo; & Chaudhuri, S. K. (Eds.) (2004). ''Folk culture and oral literature from north-east India''. New Delhi: Mittal. {{ISBN|81-7099-911-1}}.
* Nyori, Tai (1993). History and Culture of the Adis, Omsons Publications, New Delhi-110 027.
* Lego, N. N. (1992). ''British relations with the Adis, 1825-1947''. New Delhi: Omsons Publications. {{ISBN|81-7117-097-8}}.
* Mibang, Tamo; & Abraham, P. T. (2001). ''An introduction to Adi language''. Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh: Himalayan Publishers. {{ISBN|81-86393-35-8}}.

{{Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}

{{authority control}}
{{India-ethno-stub}}
[[Category:Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]

Madhavaram, Telangana

2025-09-01T07:37:13Z

TammieNeedham: added post

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madhavaram
| governing_body = [[Village Panchayat]]
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 391
| population_total = 1904
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| unit_pref = Metric
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TS
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Suryapet]]
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-TS]]
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| demographics_type1 = Languages|
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|17.093057|N|79.774961|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map_caption = Madhavaram, Telangana
| native_name =
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 =[[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Suryapet district|Suryapet]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| native_name_lang =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Madhavaram''', is a village in [[Munagala]] Taluk of [[Suryapet district]] in the state of [[Telangana]] in [[India]].<ref>[http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3004/1/47350_2001_NAL.pdf Madhavaram], Census of India (2011)</ref><ref>[http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2840/1/25297_1971_NAL.pdf Madhavaram], Census of India (2011)</ref>

Madhavaram located at a distance of 18km from Suryapet and 28km from kodad constituency. Madhavaram located on National Highway-65, which is earlier named as NH-9. It is one of the busiest 4 way national highway connecting Pune to Machilipatnam.

Madhavaram is one of the most accident prone black spot. Major reasons being black spot is due to curved roads and no service road for people to tress pass National highway. And some other rural road joins the national highway where NH is down sloping and vehicles go at high speeds.

Madhavaram known for agricultural cultivation of Rice, Cotton, Mango, Lemon, Red chilli, Dragon fruit, Fish, Red gram, Green gram, etc., Mostly panda are dependent on tube wells and pond water for irrigation.

nowadays some rural farmers are cultivating organic products here.

Madhavaram pond(cheruvu) is one of the biggest in the region occupies around 1000acres(250 hectares). Which located next to national highway and providing irrigation to thousands of acres. Common carp(Bangaru teega), katla (botcha), ravva, snake headed fishes are famous here.

Madhavaram has upper primary school with English as a medium of teaching, and one primary health clinic, post office.

pin-code is 508213.

== Demographics ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+Total Number of Household : 540<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=652366 https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=704538]</ref>
!Population
!Persons
!Males
!Females
|-
|Total
|1,904
|957
|947
|-
|In the age group 0–6 years
|191
|98
|93
|-
|Scheduled Castes (SC)
|353
|171
|182
|-
|Scheduled Tribes (ST)
|96
|50
|46
|-
|Literates
|992
|593
|399
|-
|Illiterate
|912
|364
|548
|-
|Total Worker
|1,061
|556
|505
|-
|Main Worker
|1,031
|542
|489
|-
|Main Worker - Cultivator
|228
|140
|88
|-
|Main Worker - Agricultural Labourers
|523
|209
|314
|-
|Main Worker - Household Industries
|13
|10
|3
|-
|Main Worker - Other
|267
|183
|84
|-
|Marginal Worker
|30
|14
|16
|-
|Marginal Worker - Cultivator
|4
|2
|2
|-
|Marginal Worker - Agriculture Labourers
|13
|4
|9
|-
|Marginal Worker - Household Industries
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Marginal Workers - Other
|13
|8
|5
|-
|Marginal Worker (3-6 Months)
|29
|14
|15
|-
|Marginal Worker - Cultivator (3-6 Months)
|4
|2
|2
|-
|Marginal Worker - Agriculture Labourers (3-6 Months)
|13
|4
|9
|-
|Marginal Worker - Household Industries (3-6 Months)
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Marginal Worker - Other (3-6 Months)
|12
|8
|4
|-
|Marginal Worker (0-3 Months)
|1
|0
|1
|-
|Marginal Worker - Cultivator (0-3 Months)
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Marginal Worker - Agriculture Labourers (0-3 Months)
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Marginal Worker - Household Industries (0-3 Months)
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Marginal Worker - Other Workers (0-3 Months)
|1
|0
|1
|-
|Non Worker
|843
|401
|442
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Suryapet district}}
{{Telangana |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Suryapet district]]