https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Tamil123Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-07T05:04:33ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kongu_Vellalar&diff=346401Kongu Vellalar2022-08-13T15:45:32Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Tamil community}}<br />
{{pp-protected|reason=Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br />
{{infobox caste<br />
| caste_name = Kongu Vellalar<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| region = [[Kongu Nadu]]<br />
| religions = [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] sect of [[Hinduism]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]]<br />
| populated_states = <br />
| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ([[Kongu Tamil]])<br />
| classification = [[Backward Class]] <br />
| related = [[Vellalar]]<br />
}}<br />
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'''Kongu Vellalar''' is a community found in the Kongu region of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. The Kongu Vellalar were classified as a [[Forward Caste]] (General class) at the time of [[Partition of India|Indian independence]] but they successfully requested to be reclassified as an [[other Backward Class]] in 1975.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article277921.ece | newspaper=The Hindu| title=Looking to create a Kongu stronghold | date=8 May 2009 | first=K.V. | last=Prasad | access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><br />
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==Etymology==<br />
The [[Vellalar]] of the [[Kongunadu|Kongu country]] came to be known as Kongu Vellalar. They are also known by names such as "Bupaalan", Gangavamsam, Kudiyaanavar and Vivasaayi, and use the title [[Gounder]] as a caste appellation in their personal names.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Buvaisya|title=Salem cyclopedia: a cultural and historical dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu|last=Rajannan|first=Busnagi|location=Salem, India|date=1992|publisher=Institute of Kongu Studies|page=340|isbn=978-8-19002-880-6|language=en}}</ref><br />
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==Origin==<br />
According to the ''Kongu Vellalar Puranam'', a 19th-century work by Mahavidwan Kandasamy Kavirayar, the Vellalar of the Kongu country trace their origin to Marabalan, a mythical figure who was created from the river [[Ganges]] to rid the world of hunger. Marabalan turned to agriculture and his descendants became the [[Vellalar]]. Marabalan had various titles such as Gangavamsa, Devar, Vellalar, Bupaalan, etc.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2015/sep/13/Purana-of-Kongunadus-Conventional-Farming-813729.html|title=Purana of Kongunadu's conventional farming|website=The Indian Express|access-date=2020-07-09}}</ref>{{sfnp|V. Manickam|p=540|ps=}}<ref>{{cite wikisource|chapter=422|wslink=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 7.djvu|plaintitle=Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 7.djvu|last=|first=|year=|publisher=|page=|wspage=|scan=}}:”The Vellālas were also called the Gangakula or Gangavamsa, because they derived their descent from the great and powerful tribe named Gāngvida, which inhabited the valley of the Ganges, as mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy. A portion of Mysore which was peopled mostly by Vellālas was called Gangavādi in the tenth and eleventh centuries of the Christian era. ”</ref> Interestingly the [[Vokkaliga#Gangadikara_Vokkaliga|Gandadikara Vokkaligas]] of the neighbouring parts of [[Karnataka]] also claim origin from the banks of the [[Ganges]].<ref>{{cite wikisource|chapter=288|wslink=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 2.djvu|plaintitle=Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 2.djvu|last=|first=|year=|publisher=|page=|wspage=|scan=}}</ref><ref name=“Gangadikara”>{{cite book |last1=Nanjundayya|first1=H.V|first2=L.K Ananthakrishna|last2=Iyer|date=1930|title=The Mysore Tribes and Castes|volume=3|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22885/page/n255/mode/2up|location=Mysore |publisher=The Mysore University|page=175-185}}:”Gangadikara is a contraction of the term Gangawadikara (A man of Gangavadi)”</ref> According to [[Burton Stein]], the Gangadikaras and the Kongu Vellalars were linked.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India|last=Stein|first=Burton|date=1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SsKAQAAIAAJ&q=Gangadikara+peasantry+of+Gangavadi+|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=319|location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563507-2}}:”The Gangadikara peasantry of Gangavadi appears to have been more significantly linked to the Kongu peasantry to the south than to peasant peoples in the central and northern parts of medieval Karnataka. Similarly, the Marasu Vokkaligas of eastern Bangalore and central and southern Kolar districts appear to have been linked to Tondaimandalam”</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
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From the early Sangam period, the Kongu region had always been a "frontier zone," only loosely controlled by the various Tamil dynasties from the plains. Due to their isolation, the people of this region had always been most associated with muscle power and the "heroic" ideals of the Sangam age. While these "heroic" traditions faded in the rest of the plains region due to the rise of agrarian states, the Kongu region and other remote buffer zones kept it alive until the 11th century CE. In Upper Kongu (north of the Kaveri), the ''natukal'' tradition was still present. This cultural combination of the heroic traditions and megalithic burials greatly influenced Kongu Nadu's culture. After the end of the Sangam period, the Vettuvar (hunter) tribe gained dominance over the other tribes of the region such as the Kurumbar, Ay, and Kuravar, which led to a large number of peoples associating themselves with the Vettuvar. This caused a Vettuvar population explosion in the early 9th century and created a complex social structure, with the chieftains of the Vettuvars calling themselves ''Koundar''. However, by the 11th century CE, the influence of the Bhakti movement and Brahminical values from the plains largely displaced the Sangam traditions. Thus some groups of the Vettuvars became full-time agriculturalists, calling themselves ''Vettuvavelalar''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=S|first=Gunasekaran|url=https://www.academia.edu/29788355|title=Migrations in Medieval and early colonial India|publisher=Routledge Publication|year=2016|isbn=9781138488540|chapter=Migration and Mobility: The Collective Memory of Kongu Vellalar Peasantry of South India}}</ref><br />
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Large groups of peasants from the plains soon began to migrate into the Kongu Nadu region starting in the 10th century from many places, with migration peaking in the 13th century. Their technological advancement allowed them to generally outcompete the earlier inhabitants in land ownership and agricultural production. Most initially identified with their clan names and their chiefs with the Gounder title, but eventually coalesced into a single group called Kongu Vellalar Gounder. The Kongu Vellalars also had complex relations with the locals, sometimes friendly, sometimes hostile, and many locals were assimilated into the ethnogenesis of the Gounders. The early pre-migration institutions were modified to include the emerging peasant class. Other communities migrated along with the peasants, including potters, barbers, craftsmen, as well as Brahmins and Dalits. However Brahmins played a negligible role in the new social formation, since the Kongu Vellalars and their dependent communities never used Brahmins for religious ceremonies. However, eventually this period of ethnogenesis would end in the creation of a hierarchical structure with Kongu Vellalars at the top.<ref name=":0" /><br />
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The Kongu Vellalar were inhabitants of the [[Kongu Nadu|Kongu country]] since at least the 10th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Salem cyclopedia: a cultural and historical dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu|author=Busnagi Rajannan, Institute of Kongu Studies (Salem, India)|publisher=Institute of Kongu Studies, 1992|page=5}}</ref> The Vellalars of Kongu region came to be known as Kongu Vellalar or Gounder, though both the names have also been treated separately in some regions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|first=Vijaya |last=Ramaswamy |page=303 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780810864450 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC}}</ref> According to Beck's (1972) study, the Kongu Vellalar are one of the top ranking castes who were entitled to ownership over land. They followed a kingly model acquiring prestige by ownership of land, control of daily labor and production activity.{{sfnp|Sharad Chari|p=315|ps=}}<br />
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Today, the Gounders have presided over Kongu Nadu's transition from an agricultural to industrial economy. Gounders traditionally controlled most of the land in western Tamil Nadu, and had the Arunthathiyar community as labourers. When MGNREGA was introduced, Gounder farmers were furious as it prevented the Arunthathiyars from working in their fields. Thanks to their land ownership, the Gounders were also able to control the industrialization of the Kongu belt and consequently most industrialists in the region are Gounder. The community plays a significant role in the political and economic life of the Kongu Nadu region. The prominent Kongu Nadu-based parties, [[Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam]] and later [[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi|Kongunadu Makkal Desiya Katchi]], were primarily Gounder caste outfits similar to the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] for [[Vanniyar]]s. Some scholars saw the KMK's presence in the Kongu belt as contributing to the ADMK's victory in those constitutencies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Price|first=Pamela|date=June 2011|title=NREGA and the Return of Identity Politics in Western Tamil Nadu, India|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2011.569923|journal=Forum for Development Studies|volume=38|issue=2|pages=211|doi=10.1080/08039410.2011.569923|s2cid=216643740|issn=0803-9410}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties – Times Of India<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Rahul-keen-to-test-western-belt-/articleshow/7498031.cms?referral=PM | title=Rahul keen to test western belt | newspaper=The Times of India | first=Jaya | last=Menon | date=15 February 2011 | access-date=22 May 2016 }}</ref><br />
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==Traditional duties==<br />
The traditional roles of this community are [[agriculture]] and [[Cattle|cattle-rearing]], but over time they came to be [[landowners]], [[weaving]], [[Merchant|traders]] and [[money-lenders]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K85NA7Rg67wC&pg=PA24 |page=24 |title=The First Great Political Realist|author-link=Roger Boesche |first=Roger |last=Boesche|isbn=978-0-73910-607-5 |date=1 March 2003 }}</ref><br />
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==Caste structure==<br />
The caste is divided into a number of exogamous clans called ''Kootams'', each of which is totemistic.{{sfnp|Gunasekaran|p=41|ps=}} Medieval poet [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]] is said to have given their ''kula'' and ''[[gotra]]'' (kin and clan).{{sfnp|Gunasekaran|p=27|ps=}} The community has 24 ''Nadus'' (countries), which originated they claim from the time of their settlement. These ''Nadus'' are arranged in 4 groups of 6 villages each headquartered at Palayakottai, [[Kangeyam|Kangayam]], [[Pudur, Erode|Pudur]] and Kadayur. The village head is a ''kottukaran'', the head of a ''nadu'' is ''nattukavundan'' or ''periyatanakaran'' and each group of ''Nadus'' is a ''pattakaran''. The pattakaran is treated with considerable respect, and is very rarely consulted. The ''kottukaran'' and ''nattukavundan'' generally take care of caste disputes and marriage selection respectively, and only important caste disputes are handled by him.<br />
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==Culture==<br />
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===Marriage===<br />
[[Image:A- thaali koundars.jpg|thumb|Kongu Vellalar ''thaali''. Compared to other communities, their ''thaalis'' are particularly large.]]<br />
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The community has its own style of marriage ceremony. The ceremony is led by person called an ''Arumbukarar'' or ''Arumaikkarar'', who must be married and should have children.<ref>{{cite book | title = Peasant Society of Konku: A Study of right and left subastes in South India | first = Brenda | last = Beck | publisher = University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver | year = 1972 | page = [https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/299 299] | isbn = 0-7748-0014-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/299 }}</ref> The engagement ceremony takes place at the bride's house, with the maternal uncles of both groom and birde present, where fruit and betel leaf are tied in the girl's clothes. On the day of the wedding, the groom is shaven, and a ''karumaikkarari'' pours water on his head. If he has a sister, he performs a betrothal ceremony for his daughter to her son. He then goes on horseback to a ''nattukal'' with fruit and a pestle and worships it. The stone is said to represent the Kongu king and the worship is a symbolic request for permission of the marriage, as in the old days the king was supposed to give permission for every marriage. On his return, balls of white and coloured rice are taken around the bridegroom and his mother feeds him 3 mouthfuls of food. This indicates she will no longer feed him and he is going out into the world on his own. A barber then blesses him and they go to the bride's house on horseback, where they are met by someone from the bride's party similarly mounted. The groom then gives his earrings to the bride, and they are carried on their respective maternal uncles to the ''nattukal''. When they return, they are touched by an ''arumaikkarar'' with a betel leaf dipped on oil, milk and water. They worship the ''thaali'' and the ''arumaikkaran'' ties it around the bride's neck.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=September 1910|title=The Castes and Tribes of Southern India|journal=Nature|volume=84|issue=2134|pages=365–367|doi=10.1038/084365a0|issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free}}</ref> Then he and the barber sing a long song composed by poet-saint [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]], called "Mangala Valthu", speaking of the glory of marriage.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Kambar-Kongunadus-Friend-or-Foe/2015/09/20/article3037320.ece |title=Kambar, Kongunadu's Friend or Foe? |first=B. Meenakshi |last=Sundaram |work=New Indian Express |date=20 September 2015 |access-date=2016-09-12}}</ref> Then the little fingers of bride and groom and linked, milk is poured over them, and separated. In the wedding ceremony, the brother of the bride and sister of the groom play significant roles.<ref>{{cite book | title = Peasant Society of Konku: A Study of right and left subastes in South India | first = Brenda | last = Beck | publisher = University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver | year = 1972 | page = [https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/240 240] | isbn = 0-7748-0014-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/240 }}</ref><br />
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Widow remarriage was forbidden at the turn of the 20th century, and those who had intimate relations with widows were ostracised. The punishment was lifted if the widow consented to the man leaving her, the man provided the widow with sufficient means to live herself, and the man providing a feast to his family by killing a black sheep.<ref name=":1" /><br />
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==References==<br />
'''Citations'''<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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'''Bibliography'''<br />
*{{cite book|title=Migrations in Medieval and Early Colonial India|author=S. Gunasekaran|editor=Vijaya Ramaswamy|publisher=Routledge, 2017|year=2017}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Kongu Nadu, a History Up to A.D. 1400|author=V. Manickam|publisher=Makkal Veliyeedu, 2001|year=2001}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Fraternal Capital: Peasant-workers, Self-made Men, and Globalization in Provincial India|author=Sharad Chari|publisher=Stanford University Press, 2004|year=2004}}<br />
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[[Category:Vellalar]]<br />
[[Category:Gounder]]<br />
[[Category:Kongu Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sacred_language&diff=304885Sacred language2022-02-26T14:50:48Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div><br />
A '''sacred language''', '''holy language''' or '''liturgical language''' is any [[language]] that is cultivated and used primarily in [[church service]] or for other [[religion|religious]] reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily lives.<br />
==Concept==<br />
A sacred language is often the language which was spoken and written in the society in which a religion's sacred texts were first set down; these texts thereafter become fixed and holy, remaining frozen and immune to later linguistic developments. (An exception to this would be Lucumí, a ritual lexicon of Cuban Orisa religion, with no standardized form.) Once a language becomes associated with religious worship, its believers may ascribe virtues to the language of worship that they would not give to their native tongues.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} In the case of sacred texts, there is a fear of losing authenticity and accuracy by a translation or re-translation, and difficulties in achieving acceptance for a new version of a text. A sacred language is typically vested with a solemnity and dignity that the vernacular lacks. Consequently, the training of clergy in the use of a sacred language becomes an important cultural investment, and their use of the tongue is perceived to give them access to a body of knowledge that untrained lay people cannot (or should not) access.<br />
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Because sacred languages are ascribed with virtues that the vernacular is not perceived to have, the sacred languages typically preserve characteristics that would have been lost in the course of language development. In some cases, the sacred language is a [[Extinct language|dead language]]. In other cases, it may simply reflect [[archaism|archaic]] forms of a living language. For instance, 17th-century elements of the English language remain current in [[Protestantism|Protestant Christian]] worship through the use of the ''[[King James Version of the Bible|King James Bible]]'' or older versions of the [[Anglican]] ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]''. In more extreme cases, the language has changed so much from the language of the [[sacred text]]s that the liturgy is no longer comprehensible without special training. For example, the [[Latin liturgical rites|liturgy]] of the [[Latin Church|Roman Catholic Church]] remained in Latin after the [[Third Council of Tours|Council of Tours in 813]] ordered preaching in local Romance or German because Latin was no longer understood. Similarly, [[Old Church Slavonic]] is not comprehensible to speakers of modern Slavic languages, unless they study it especially. The concept of sacred languages is distinct from that of [[divine language]]s, which are languages ascribed to the divine (i.e. God or gods) and may not necessarily be natural languages.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} The concept, as expressed by the name of a script, for example in ''[[Devanāgarī]]'', the name of a script that roughly means "[script] of the city of gods”, and is used to write many Indian languages.<br />
==Buddhism==<br />
[[Pali]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Tibetan language (standard)|Tibetan]] are the main sacred languages of [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/history/what-language-did-the-buddha-speak.asp|title=What Language Did the Buddha Speak?|website=www.hinduwebsite.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/oct2002/buddhismandlanguage.html|title=Language in India|website=www.languageinindia.com|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><br />
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When Buddha's [[sutra]]s were first written down in Pali, there were around 20 schools, each with their own version derived from the original. The Pali canon originates from the [[Tamrashatiya|Tamrashatiya school]]. The Chinese and Tibetan canons mainly derive from the [[Sarvastivada]] (originally written in Sanskrit, of which fragments remain). The texts were translated into Chinese and Tibetan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Heart of Buddha's Teachings|last=Hahn|first=Thich Nhat|publisher=Harmony|year=2015|pages=16}}</ref><br />
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[[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] uses Pali as its main liturgical language and prefers its [[Pali Canon|Pali Canon scriptures]] to be studied in the original Pali. Pali is derived from one of the Indian Prakrits, which are closely related to Sanskrit. In Thailand, Pali is written using the Thai alphabet, resulting in a Thai pronunciation of the Pali language. [[Mahayana]] Buddhism makes little use of its original language, [[Sanskrit]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} Instead in [[East Asia]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]] is mainly used.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} In some Japanese rituals, Chinese texts are read out or recited with the Japanese pronunciations of their constituent characters, resulting in something unintelligible in both languages.<ref>{{citation|editor-last=Buswell|editor-first=Robert E.|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|volume=1|year=2003|page=137|location=London|publisher=Macmillan}}.</ref><br />
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In [[Vajrayana]] Buddhism [[Tibetan Buddhism]] is the main school, and [[Classical Tibetan]] is the main language used for study,<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Tibetan Buddhism?|url=http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/eng/zt/xzwt/t218250.htm|website=Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Gothenburg|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> although the Tibetan Buddhist canon was also translated into other languages, such as [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Manchu language|Manchu]].<ref>Orzech, Charles D. (general editor), 2011. ''Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia.'' Brill, p. 540.</ref> Many items of [[Sanskrit Buddhist literature]] have been preserved because they were exported to Tibet, with copies of unknown ancient Sanskrit texts surfacing in Tibet as recently as 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/neighbours/story/20170612-sanskrit-tibet-chinese-scholars-buddhism-986510-2017-06-03|title = The lost Sanskrit treasures of Tibet}}</ref> Sanskrit was valued in Tibet as “the elegant language of the gods”.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43299940?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A913006d678befb6c7f5be8a6a7f8077a&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|jstor=43299940|title=Sanskrit in Tibetan Literature|last1=Lama|first1=His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai|journal=The Tibet Journal|year=1979|volume=4|issue=2|pages=3–5}}</ref> Although in Tibetan Buddhist [[deity yoga]] the rest of the [[sadhana]] is generally recited in Tibetan, the [[mantra]] portion of the practice is usually retained in its original Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fpmt.org/education/teachings/texts/mantras/|title=Mantras - FPMT}}</ref><br />
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In [[Nepal]] the [[Newar Buddhism]] form of Vajrayana is a storehouse of ancient Sanskrit [[Buddhist texts]], many of which are now only extant in Nepal.<ref>{{cite book |last= Gutschow |first= Niels |title= Architecture of the Newars: A History of Building Typologies and Details in Nepal |date= November 2011 |publisher= Serindia Publications |location= Chicago |isbn=978-1-932476-54-5 |page= 707}}</ref> Whatever language is used, [[Judith Simmer-Brown]] explains that a [[tantra|tantric]] Vajrayana text is often written in an obscure [[twilight language]] so that it cannot be understood by anyone without the verbal explanation of a [[guru|qualified teacher]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Judith Simmer-Brown |last=Simmer-Brown |first=Judith |year=2002 |title=Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Shambhala Publications|page=169|isbn=978-1-57062-920-4}}</ref><br />
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Five great epics (Tamil: ஐம்பெரும்காப்பியங்கள் Aimperumkāppiyaṅkaḷ) '''Silappatikāram, Manimekalai, Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi, Valayapathi and Kuṇṭalakēci''' are important Tamil Bhuudist and Jain epics.<br />
==Christianity==<br />
Christian rites, rituals, and ceremonies are not celebrated in one single sacred language. Churches which [[Apostolic succession|trace their origin to the Apostles]] continued to use the standard languages of the first few centuries AD. Many ritualistic Christian churches make a distinction between sacred language, liturgical language and vernacular language.<br />
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Sacred language is often defined as those languages which were present at the crucifixion.{{cn|date=March 2021}} The phrase "[[Jesus, King of the Jews]]" is reported in the [[Gospel of Luke]] as having been [[Titulus Crucis|inscribed]] upon the [[True Cross|cross]] in three different languages, thereby sanctifying them as the first languages to proclaim Christ's divinity.<br />
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These include:<br />
*[[Koine Greek]], the language the [[New Testament]] of the Christian Bible was originally written in, the [[Septuagint]] (a pre-Christian Greek translation of the [[Hebrew Bible]]), as well as the liturgical language of the [[Greek Orthodox Church]] and the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Greek Catholic Church]].<br />
*[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Aramaic]] were the two original languages the [[Old Testament]] ([[Hebrew Bible]]) of the Christian Bible was written in. Hebrew's inscription upon the cross makes it one of the three sacred languages. Some religious nomenclature and phrases was borrowed from these languages.<br />
Liturgical languages are those which hold precedence within liturgy due to tradition and dispensation. many of these languages are evolutions of languages which were at one point vernacular, while some are intentional constructions by ecclesial authorities. liturgical language differs from vernacular language in that it is often no longer the tongue of the common man, but retains a place of honor due to tradition.<br />
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These include:<br />
*[[Ecclesiastical Latin]] in the [[Latin liturgical rites]] of the [[Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Church Slavonic]] in several of the [[Autocephaly|autocephalous]] [[Eastern Orthodox Churches]] and ''[[sui iuris]]'' [[Eastern Catholic Churches]]<br />
*[[Old Georgian language|Old Georgian]] in the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and the [[Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics|Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Classical Armenian]] in the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] and the [[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ge'ez]] in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]], [[Ethiopian Catholic Church]] and [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Eritrean Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Coptic language|Coptic]] in the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and [[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac language|Syriac]] in [[Syriac Christianity]] represented by the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Church of the East]], [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Maronite Church]] and [[Saint Thomas Christian Churches]]<br />
*[[Early Modern English|King James English]] in the [[Orthodox Church in America]], the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], English-speaking parishes of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|ROCOR]], among English-language parishes of other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] jurisdictions, by the various [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] churches as well as in the [[Personal Ordinariate]] within the [[Latin Catholic Church]].<br />
The extensive use of [[Greek language|Greek]] in the Roman Liturgy has continued, in theory; it was used extensively on a regular basis during the [[Papal Mass]], which has not been celebrated for some time. By the reign of Pope [[Damasus I]], the continuous use of Greek in the Roman Liturgy had come to be replaced in part by Latin. Gradually, the Roman Liturgy took on more and more Latin until, generally, only a few words of [[Hebrew]] and Greek remained. The adoption of Latin was further fostered when the [[Vetus Latina]] (old Latin) version of the [[Bible]] was edited and parts retranslated from the original Hebrew and Greek by [[Saint Jerome]] in his [[Vulgate]]. Latin continued as the Western Church's language of liturgy and communication. One simply practical reason for this may be that there were no standardized vernaculars throughout the Middle Ages. [[Church Slavonic]] was used for the celebration of the Roman Liturgy in the 9th century (twice, 867-873 and 880-885).{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br />
<br />
In the mid-16th century the [[Council of Trent]] rejected a proposal to introduce [[national language]]s as this was seen, among other reasons, as potentially divisive to Catholic unity.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}<br />
<br />
During the Reformation in England, when the Protestant authorities banned the use of Latin liturgy, various schools obtained a dispensation to continue to use Latin, for educational purposes.<br />
<br />
From the end of 16th century, in coastal [[Croatia]], the vernacular was gradually replacing [[Church Slavonic]] as the liturgical language. It was introduced in the rite of the Roman Liturgy, after the Church Slavonic language of [[glagolitic]] liturgical books, published in Rome, was becoming increasingly unintelligible due to linguistic reforms, namely, adapting Church Slavonic of Croatian recension by the norms of Church Slavonic of Russian recension.<br />
<br />
For example, the vernacular was used to enquire of the bride and bridegroom whether they accepted their marriage vows.<br />
<br />
[[Jesuit]] missionaries to China had sought, and for a short time received permission, to translate the Roman [[Missal]] into scholarly [[Classical Chinese]] (see [[Chinese Rites controversy]]). Ultimately, this was revoked. Among the [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquin]] and [[Iroquois]], they received permission to translate the [[Propers (liturgy)|propers]] of the Mass into the vernacular.<ref>Salvucci, Claudio R. 2008. [http://mysite.verizon.net/driadzbubl/IndianMasses.html The Roman Rite in the Algonquian and Iroquoian Missions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008092144/http://mysite.verizon.net/driadzbubl/IndianMasses.html |date=2012-10-08 }}. Merchantville, NJ:Evolution Publishing. See also</ref><br />
<br />
In the 20th century, [[Pope Pius XII]] granted permission for a few vernaculars to be used in a few rites, rituals, and ceremonies. This did not include the Roman Liturgy of the Mass.<br />
<br />
The [[Catholic Church]], long before the [[Second Vatican Council]] (Vatican II), had accepted and promoted the use of the non-vernacular liturgical languages listed above; while vernacular (i.e. modern or native) languages were also used liturgically throughout history; usually as a special concession given to religious orders conducting missionary activity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=2786|title=Library : Liturgical Languages|website=www.catholicculture.org}}</ref> The use of vernacular language in liturgical practice after 1964 created controversy for a minority of Catholics, and opposition to liturgical vernacular is a major tenet of the Catholic [[Traditionalist Catholic|Traditionalist]] movement.<br />
<br />
In the 20th century, Vatican II set out to protect the use of Latin as a liturgical language. To a large degree, its prescription was initially disregarded and the vernacular not only became standard, but was generally used exclusively in the liturgy. Latin, which remains the chief language of the [[Roman Rite]], is the main language of the [[Roman Missal]] (the official book of liturgy for the Latin Rite) and of the [[1983 Code of Canon Law|Code of Canon Law]], and the use of [[liturgical Latin]] is still encouraged. Large-scale papal ceremonies often make use of it. Meanwhile, the numerous [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] in union with Rome each have their own respective "parent-language". As a subsidiary issue, unrelated to liturgy, the [[Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches|Eastern Code of Canon Law]], for the sake of convenience, has been promulgated in Latin.<br />
<br />
[[Eastern Orthodox]] churches vary in their use of liturgical languages. [[Koine Greek]] and [[Church Slavonic]] are the main sacred languages used in communion. Other languages are also permitted for liturgical worship, and each country often has the liturgical services in their own language. This has led to a wide variety of languages used for liturgical worship, but there is still uniformity in the liturgical worship itself.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}<br />
<br />
Liturgical languages used in the Eastern Orthodox Church include: [[Koine Greek]], [[Church Slavonic]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Korean language|Korean]], [[Japanese Language|Japanese]], [[Early Modern English|King James English]], several African languages and other world languages.<br />
<br />
[[Oriental Orthodox]] churches outside their ancestral lands regularly pray in the local vernacular, but some clergymen and communities prefer to retain their traditional language or use a combination of languages.<br />
<br />
Many Anabaptist groups, such as the [[Amish]], use High German in their worship despite not speaking it amongst themselves.<br />
==Hinduism==<br />
[[Hinduism]] is traditionally considered to have [[Tamil language|Old Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]] as its principal liturgical languages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-20|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf|access-date=2021-10-19|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> [[Hinduism]] finds its earliest literary mention in the book of Tholkappiyam ancient Tamil [[Sangam literature]] dated to the 5th - 10th century BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dahiya|first=Poonam Dalal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbU6DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT334&dq=tholkappiyam+mention+hinduism&hl=en|title=ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA EBOOK|date=2017-09-15|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-93-5260-673-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Santhanam|first=Kausalya|date=2012-07-05|title=The cultural connection|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/the-cultural-connection/article3606162.ece|access-date=2021-10-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Tamil has huge volume of literature in [[Shaivism|Saivism]], [[Vaishnavism|Vainavism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nithiyanandam|first=V. Nithi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWFM_SaX24AC&pg=PA54|title=Buddha's Doctrine of Suffering and Salvation: Causes of suffering|date=2002|publisher=Global Vision Publishing House|isbn=978-81-87746-25-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Drabu|first=V. N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEKkuLQUza8C&pg=PA31|title=Śaivāgamas: A Study in the Socio-economic Ideas and Institutions of Kashmir (200 B.C. to A.D. 700)|date=1990|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-85182-38-4|language=en}}</ref> Origin of [[Hinduism]] is based on [[Dravidian folk religion]], an ancient non-vedic form of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journals {{!}} BYU ScholarsArchive|url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/journals.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=scholarsarchive.byu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kitagawa|first=Joseph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fyzAAAAQBAJ|title=The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture|date=2013-09-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-87590-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-04|title=5 more human skeletons found at the archaeological site near Madurai|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/5-more-human-skeletons-found-at-the-archaeological-site-near-madurai-101625386283109.html|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>[[Shaivism]] developed based on pre-Vedic religions and traditions derived from the southern [[Tamils|Tamil]] Dravidian [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] traditions and philosophies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinduism: The Religion of the Agamas|url=http://www.siddha.com.my/forum/religionoftheagamas/chapter3.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=www.siddha.com.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Varadarajan|first=M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keu-zQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=The Treatment of Nature in Sangam Literature: (Ancient Tamil Literature)|date=2020-06-17|publisher=Independently Published|isbn=979-8-6545-2425-6|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Sanskrit]] is the language of the [[Veda]]s, [[Bhagavadgita]], [[Puranas]] like [[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavatam]], the [[Upanishad]]s, the Hindu epics like [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]] and various other liturgical texts such as the [[Sahasranama]], [[Shri Rudram Chamakam|Chamakam]] and [[Rudram]]. [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamas]], the scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of ''[[murti]]'', worship means of deities, philosophical doctrines, meditative practices, attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yoga are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grimes|first=John A.|url=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eP5p0ev3nJEC|title=A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English (New and Revised Edition)|date=1996-10-17|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-3068-2|language=en}}</ref>Tamil literary classics like Tirumurai, Naalayira Divya Prabhandham, Periya Puranam, Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai, Thiruppugazh, Kampa Rāmāyaṉam are important liturical works in [[Tamil language]].<br />
<br />
Most of the Inscriptions in ancient temples across the [[Indian subcontinent]] are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|date=2010-06-24|title=An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/An-epigraphic-perspective-on-the-antiquity-of-Tamil/article16265606.ece|access-date=2021-07-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 2,000-year-old Tamizhi inscriptions found near Usilampatti|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/sep/03/over-2000-year-old-tamizhi-inscriptions-found-near-usilampatti-2191775.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>Tamil archanas and prayers widely used in temples in [[South India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. The twelve [[Azhwars]] (saint poets of Vaishnavite tradition) and sixty-three [[Nayanars]] (saint poets of Shaivite tradition) are regarded as exponents of the ''bhakti'' tradition of Hinduism in South India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangam literature {{!}} Indian literature|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/shangam-literature|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is also one of the oldest continuously used languages in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=Tamil or Sanskrit, which is older?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-or-sanskrit-which-is-older/|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=DelhiDecember 20|first1=India Today Web Desk New|last2=December 20|first2=2016UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2016 17:18|title=Seven oldest languages in the world that are still in use|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/oldest-languages-839038-2016-12-20|access-date=2021-07-13|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-29|title=Another Tamil Brahmi inscription stone found in a shambles|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/another-tamil-brahmi-inscription-stone-found-in-a-shambles/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tamil|first=University of Kerala Department of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kM65AAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=sangam+literature+hinduism&q=sangam+literature+hinduism&hl=en|title=Research Papers - Department of Tamil, University of Kerala|date=1981|publisher=Department of Tamil, University of Kerala.|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sanskrit is also the tongue of most Indian [[Hindu]] rituals. It is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] language and therefore a member of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. It therefore has some similarities with [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin]], as well as with many vernacular languages of Europe and south Asia. Like Latin and Greek, it also has secular [[literature]] along with its religious canon. Most Hindu theologians of later centuries continued to prefer to write in Sanskrit even when it was no longer spoken as a day-to-day language.<br />
<br />
Most famous Shaivite literical works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] include 12 [[Tirumurai]]s consists of the great devotional hymns like [[Tevaram]], [[Tiruvacakam]]. Most famous Vaishnavite literical works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] include 4000 [[Divya Prabandham]] which are considered to be the essence of the Vedas, in Tamil, and all in praise of Lord Vishnu. [[Divya Prabandha]] is chanted in most of the [[South India]]n [[Vaishnavism]] temples including [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]], Tirupati and even North Indian temple like [[Badrinath Temple]] which is considered to be the basis for the [[Bhakti movement]]. The Divya Prabhandams and Thevarams are referred to as Dravida Vedas or Tamil Vedas. These devotional hymns were sung in almost every Shiva and Vishnu temple of the South India and Srilanka.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cutler|first=Norman|title=Songs of Experience: The Poetics of Tamil Devotion|year=1987|publisher=Indiana University Press}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Hindu dominations [[Kaumaram]], [[Sri Vaishnavism]] school of Vaishnavism , [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] school of Shaivasim sects in South India exclusively use [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as liturgical language. Also most of the devotional texts on Lord [[Murugan]] are in Tamil and references in the [[Sangam literature|Ancient Tamil Sangam literature]] traces the origin of Lord [[Murugan]] to [[Tamilakam|the Ancient Tamil country]].<ref>Kanchan Sinha, Kartikeya in Indian art and literature, 1979,Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan.</ref> [[Tamil Thai]], personification of the Tamil language as a mother is also common in South India. She is worshiped by Tamils all over the world. In [[Madurai]], there is a temple dedicated for Goddess Tamil Thai.<br />
<br />
A long-standing myth states that Sanskrit and Tamil emerged from either side of Lord Shiva's divine drum of creation as he danced the dance of creation as Nataraja or sound of cosmic force.<br />
<br />
While Sanskrit has often been associated with [[Brahmanism]], it remains as the only liturgical link language which connects the different strains of Hinduism that are present across [[India]]. The ''de facto'' position that Sanskrit enjoyed, as the principal language of Hinduism, enabled its survival not only in India but also in other areas where Hinduism thrived like [[South East Asia]]. Apart from Sanskrit and Tamil, several Hindu spiritual works were composed in the various regional languages of India such as [[Hindi]] (incl. [[Awadhi]] and [[Braj Bhasha]] dialects), [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Kawi language|Old Javanese]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-dCAAAAcAAJ&q=kawi+language+hindu+literature&pg=PR16|title = The History of Java: In Two Volumes|last1 = Raffles|first1 = Thomas Stamford|year = 1817}}</ref> and [[Balinese language|Balinese]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/169/1/article-p68_5.xml?language=en|doi = 10.1163/22134379-12340023|title = Modern Hindu Intellectuals and Ancient Texts: Reforming Śaiva Yoga in Bali|year = 2013|last1 = Acri|first1 = Andrea|journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|volume = 169|pages = 68–103|doi-access = free}}</ref><br />
==Islam==<br />
[[Classical Arabic]], or Qur'anic Arabic, is the language of the [[Qur'an]]. Muslims believe the Qur'an as [[divine revelation]]—it is a sacred and eternal document, and as such it is believed to be the direct word of [[Allah|God]]. Thus Muslims hold that the Qur'an is only truly the Qur'an if it is precisely as it was revealed—i.e., in Classical Arabic. Translations of the Qur'an into other languages are therefore not treated as the Qur'an itself; rather, they are seen as interpretive texts, which attempt to communicate a translation of the Qur'an's message. [[Salah]] and other rituals are also conducted in Classical Arabic for this reason. [[Ulema|Scholars of Islam]] must learn and interpret the Qur'an in classical Arabic. Islamic Friday [[Khutbah|sermons]] are delivered mainly in [[Modern Standard Arabic]] in all Arabic-speaking countries and are sometimes mixed with local Arabic vernaculars or other native non-Arabic languages like [[Berber language|Berber]] or [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]. In non-Arabic speaking countries the Friday sermons are delivered in a mix of local languages and Classical Arabic Qur'anic verses.<br />
==Judaism==<br />
The core of the [[Hebrew Bible]] is written in [[Biblical Hebrew]], referred to by some [[Jew]]s as ''[[Lashon Hakodesh]]'' ({{lang|he|לשון הקודש}}, "Language of Holiness"). Hebrew (and in the case of a few texts such as the [[Kaddish]], [[Judeo-Aramaic languages|Aramaic]]) remains the traditional language of [[Jewish services|Jewish religious services]]. [[Rabbinic Hebrew]] and Aramaic are used extensively by the [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] for writing religious texts.<br />
<br />
Among many segments of the [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]], [[Yiddish]], although not used in liturgy, is used for religious purposes, such as for [[Torah study]]. In contemporary [[Israel]], where Yiddish has virtually disappeared as a spoken language among the general public, it is cultivated and extensively used by some Haredi groups - partly in protest against [[Hebrew]], the traditional sacred language they see having been profaned by [[Zionism]], making it the main language of modern secular Israeli society.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} Moreover, in these circles Yiddish is associated with the memory of the great Torah sages of Eastern Europe, who spoke it and whose communities were destroyed in the [[Holocaust]].<br />
<br />
Among the [[Sephardi]]m, [[Ladino language|Ladino]], a [[Creole language|creole]] of Hebrew or Aramaic syntax and [[Castilian language|Castilian]] words, was used for sacred translations such as the [[Ferrara Bible]]. It was also used during the Sephardi liturgy. Note that the name ''Ladino'' is also used for [[Judeo-Spanish]], a dialect of Castilian used by Sephardim as an everyday language until the 20th century.<ref name="Sephiha"> ''EL LADINO: Lengua litúrgica de los judíos españoles'', Haim Vidal Sephiha, [[Sorbonne|Sorbona]] (París), Historia 16 - AÑO 1978:</ref><ref name="Cohen">[http://www.cryptojews.com/clearing_up_ladino.htm "Clearing up Ladino, Judeo-Spanish, Sephardic Music"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416142720/http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1596 |date=2008-04-16 }} Judith Cohen, HaLapid, winter 2001; [http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1596 Sephardic Song] Judith Cohen, Midstream July/August 2003</ref><br />
==List==<br />
*[[Old Tamil]] (Dravidian family of languages): The sacred language and claimed to be the oldest living language in the world have literical history in [[Dharmic religions]] such as [[Shaivism]], [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaktism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Tamil Buddhists of the Past and the Future|url=https://sangam.org/2010/12/Tamil_Buddhists.php?uid=4177#:~:text=The%20well%20known%20Tamil%20Buddhist,work%20done%20in%20Tamil%20Nadu.|access-date=2021-07-27|website=sangam.org}}</ref><br />
*[[Sadhu bhasha]] (Bengali) and Middle Bengali: The sacred language, besides Sanskrit, of the Gaudiya or Chaitanya Vaishnava Spiritual Tradition. Spiritual classics written in the above mentioned two variants include [[Chaitanya Charitamrita]], [[Vaishnava Padavali]] , [https://www.purebhakti.com/resources/ebooks-magazines/bhakti-books/english/21-jaiva-dharma Jaiva Dharma] ([[iarchive:1 20191030 20191030 1133|জৈব ধর্ম]]) etc.<br />
*[[Classical Arabic]], the language of the [[Quran]]; it differs from the [[Varieties of Arabic|various forms of contemporary spoken Arabic]] in lexical and grammatical areas.<br />
*[[Aramaic]], used in some later books of the [[Tanakh]], some Jewish prayers, and the [[Talmud]].<br />
*[[Avestan]], the language of the [[Avesta]], the sacred texts of [[Zoroastrianism]].<br />
*[[Classical Chinese]], the language of older Chinese literature and the [[Confucianism|Confucian]], [[Taoism|Taoist]], and in East Asia also of the [[Mahayana Buddhism|Mahayana Buddhist]] sacred texts. The current pronunciation of [[Chinese characters]] is based on [[Mandarin Chinese]].<br />
*[[Coptic language|Coptic]], a form of ancient [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]], is used by the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and the [[Coptic Catholic Church]].<br />
*[[History of the Czech language#Old Czech|Old Czech]] is used by the [[Moravian Church]].<br />
*[[Damin]], an initiation language of the [[Lardil people]] in Australia.<br />
*[[Dutch language|Early Modern Dutch]] is the language of the [[Statenvertaling]], still in use among orthodox Calvinist denominations in the Netherlands.<br />
*[[Early Modern English]] is used in some parts of the [[Anglican Communion]] and by the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], as well as by a variety of [[King James Only movement|English-speaking Protestants]].<br />
*[[Eskayan]] in the Philippines.<br />
*[[Etruscan language|Etruscan]], cultivated for religious and [[magic and religion|magical]] purposes in the [[Roman Empire]].<br />
*[[Ge'ez]], the predecessor of many [[Ethiopian Semitic languages]] (e.g. [[Amharic]], [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], [[Tigre language|Tigre]]) used as a liturgical language by [[Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jews]] and by [[Ethiopia]]n and [[Eritrea]]n [[Christianity|Christians]] (in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], and the [[Roman Catholic Church]]).<br />
*[[Early New High German]] is used in [[Amish]] communities for Bible readings and sermons.<br />
*[[Early Middle Japanese]] is chanted in [[Shinto]] rituals.<br />
*[[Gothic language|Gothic]], sole East Germanic language which is attested by significant texts, usually considered to have been preserved for the [[Arianism|Arian churches]], while the [[Goths]] themselves spoke [[vulgar Latin]] dialects of their areas.<br />
*[[Koine Greek]], the language of early [[Pauline Christianity]] and all of its [[New Testament]] books. It is today the liturgical language of [[Greek Orthodox Christianity]] and several other directly Greek connected [[Eastern Orthodox Churches]]. It differs markedly from [[Modern Greek]] but remains comprehensible for Modern Greek speakers.<br />
*[[Biblical Hebrew]] - the languages in which the [[Hebrew Bible]] has been written over time; these differ from [[Modern Hebrew|today's spoken Hebrew]] in lexical and grammatical areas.<br />
*[[Jamaican Maroon Spirit Possession Language]], spoken by [[Jamaican Maroons]], the descendants of runaway slaves in the mountains of [[Jamaica]], during their "Kromanti Play", a ceremony in which the participants are said to be [[spirit possession|possessed by their ancestors]] and to speak as their ancestors did centuries ago.<br />
*[[Judeo-Arabic]], spoken by [[Jews]] living in the [[Arab world]]. Religious works were translated into it, and some religious works, such as those by [[Maimonides]], were written in it.<br />
*[[Kallawaya language|Kallawaya]], a secret medicinal language used in the Andes.<br />
*[[Ladino language|Ladino]], used in translations of the Hebrew Bible and some Sephardic Jewish communities.<ref name="Sephiha" /><br />
*[[Ecclesiastical Latin]] is the liturgical language of the [[Latin Rite]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. It is based on the Italian pronunciation. It is also the official language of the [[Holy See]].<br />
*[[Old Latin]] was used in various prayers in [[ancient Roman religion|Roman paganism]], such as the [[Carmen Arvale]] and [[Carmen Saliare]]. These texts were unintelligible to classical Latin speakers and remain somewhat obscure to scholars even today.<br />
*[[Manchu language|Manchu]] was the language used in [[Shamanism in the Qing dynasty#The .22Shamanic Code.22 of 1747|Manchu shamanic rituals]].<br />
*[[Mandaic language|Mandaic]], an Aramaic language, in [[Mandaeanism]].<br />
*[[Classical Mongolian language|Classical Mongolian]] was used alongside Classical Tibetan as sacred languages of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia.<br />
*Historian [[Robert Beverley Jr.]], in his ''History and Present State of Virginia'' (1705), wrote that the "priests and conjurers" of the [[Virginia Indian]] tribes "perform their adorations and conjurations" in the [[Occaneechi]] language, much "as the Catholics of all nations do their Mass in the Latin". He also stated the language was widely used as a ''lingua franca'' "understood by the chief men of many nations, as Latin is in many parts of Europe"—even though, as he says, the Occaneechis "have been but a small nation, ever since those parts were known to the English". Scholars believe that the Occaneechi spoke a [[Siouan]] dialect similar to [[Tutelo language|Tutelo]].<br />
*[[Palaic language|Palaic]] and [[Luwian language|Luwian]], cultivated as a religious language by the [[Hittites]].<br />
*[[Pali]], the original language of [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]].<br />
*Some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Latin]] prayers are retained by the [[Kakure Kirishitan]] (Hidden Christians) of Japan, who recite it without understanding the language.<br />
*[[Sant Bhasha]], a mélange of archaic [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and several other languages, is the language of the [[Sikh]] holy scripture [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref name="Dass2000">{{cite book | author=Nirmal Dass | title=Songs of Saints from Adi Granth | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZSndbFnrVIC&pg=PA13 | access-date=29 November 2012 | year=2000 | publisher=SUNY Press | isbn=978-0-7914-4684-3 | page=13 | quote = Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with one language, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit; regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahaskrit. More particularly, we find sant bhasha, Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sindhi and Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such as Purbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi.}}</ref> It is different from the various dialects of Punjabi that exist today.<br />
*[[Vedic]] & Classical [[Sanskrit]], the dialects of the [[Veda]]s and other sacred texts of [[Hinduism]] as well as the original language of several sects of early [[Buddhism]] and a language of [[Jainism]].<br />
*[[Old Church Slavonic]], also called [[Old Bulgarian]], the liturgical language of the [[Eastern Orthodox Slavs|Slavic Eastern Orthodoxy]], and the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic]] is the current liturgical language of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] and the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]] and certain [[Byzantine]] ([[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian]]) [[Eastern Catholic]] churches.<br />
*[[Sumerian language|Sumerian]], cultivated and preserved in [[Assyria]] and [[Babylon]] long after its extinction as an everyday language.<br />
*[[Syriac language|Syriac]], a dialect of [[Aramaic]], is used as a liturgical language by [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Christians]] who belong to the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], [[Assyrian Church of the East]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Syro Malabar Catholic Church]] and [[Maronite Church]].<br />
*[[Classical Tibetan]], known as ''Chhokey'' in [[Bhutan]], the sacred language of [[Tibetan Buddhism]].<br />
*Various [[Native American languages]] are cultivated for religious and ceremonial purposes by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who no longer use them in daily life.<br />
*[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] (known as [[Lucumi language|Lucumi]] in [[Cuba]]), the language of the [[Yoruba people]], brought to the [[New World]] by [[Africa]]n [[slavery|slaves]], and preserved in [[Santería]], [[Candomblé]], and other transplanted African religions. The Yoruba descendants in these communities, as well as non-descendants that have adopted one of the Yoruba-based religions in the diaspora, no longer speak any of the Yoruba dialects with any level of fluency. And the liturgical usage also reflects the compromise of the language whereby there isn't an understanding of correct grammar nor proper intonation. Spirit possession by the Yoruba deities in Cuba shows that the deity manifested in the devotee at a Cuban orisa ceremony delivers messages to the faithful in [[Bozal]], a type of Spanish-based creole with some words of Yoruba language as well as those of [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] origin with an inflection similar to the way Africans would speak as they were learning Spanish during enslavement.<br />
*[[Habla Congo]] (or ''Habla Bantu'') is a [[Kongo language|Kongo]]-based [[liturgical language]] of the [[Palo religion]] with origins in Cuba, later spreading to other countries in the [[Caribbean Basin]].<br />
*[[Early Modern English|King James English]] is the primary Liturgical Language of the [[Orthodox Church in America]], the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], and [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|ROCOR]] dioceses of America, and is used popularly among English-language parishes of other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] jurisdictions<br />
==References==<br />
<references group=""></references><br />
[[Category:Religion]]<br />
[[Category:Language]]<br />
[[Category:Literature about spirituality]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sacred_language&diff=304884Sacred language2022-02-26T14:49:12Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div><br />
A '''sacred language''', '''holy language''' or '''liturgical language''' is any [[language]] that is cultivated and used primarily in [[church service]] or for other [[religion|religious]] reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily lives.<br />
==Concept==<br />
A sacred language is often the language which was spoken and written in the society in which a religion's sacred texts were first set down; these texts thereafter become fixed and holy, remaining frozen and immune to later linguistic developments. (An exception to this would be Lucumí, a ritual lexicon of Cuban Orisa religion, with no standardized form.) Once a language becomes associated with religious worship, its believers may ascribe virtues to the language of worship that they would not give to their native tongues.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} In the case of sacred texts, there is a fear of losing authenticity and accuracy by a translation or re-translation, and difficulties in achieving acceptance for a new version of a text. A sacred language is typically vested with a solemnity and dignity that the vernacular lacks. Consequently, the training of clergy in the use of a sacred language becomes an important cultural investment, and their use of the tongue is perceived to give them access to a body of knowledge that untrained lay people cannot (or should not) access.<br />
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Because sacred languages are ascribed with virtues that the vernacular is not perceived to have, the sacred languages typically preserve characteristics that would have been lost in the course of language development. In some cases, the sacred language is a [[Extinct language|dead language]]. In other cases, it may simply reflect [[archaism|archaic]] forms of a living language. For instance, 17th-century elements of the English language remain current in [[Protestantism|Protestant Christian]] worship through the use of the ''[[King James Version of the Bible|King James Bible]]'' or older versions of the [[Anglican]] ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]''. In more extreme cases, the language has changed so much from the language of the [[sacred text]]s that the liturgy is no longer comprehensible without special training. For example, the [[Latin liturgical rites|liturgy]] of the [[Latin Church|Roman Catholic Church]] remained in Latin after the [[Third Council of Tours|Council of Tours in 813]] ordered preaching in local Romance or German because Latin was no longer understood. Similarly, [[Old Church Slavonic]] is not comprehensible to speakers of modern Slavic languages, unless they study it especially. The concept of sacred languages is distinct from that of [[divine language]]s, which are languages ascribed to the divine (i.e. God or gods) and may not necessarily be natural languages.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} The concept, as expressed by the name of a script, for example in ''[[Devanāgarī]]'', the name of a script that roughly means "[script] of the city of gods”, and is used to write many Indian languages.<br />
==Buddhism==<br />
[[Pali]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Tibetan language (standard)|Tibetan]] are the main sacred languages of [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/history/what-language-did-the-buddha-speak.asp|title=What Language Did the Buddha Speak?|website=www.hinduwebsite.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/oct2002/buddhismandlanguage.html|title=Language in India|website=www.languageinindia.com|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
When Buddha's [[sutra]]s were first written down in Pali, there were around 20 schools, each with their own version derived from the original. The Pali canon originates from the [[Tamrashatiya|Tamrashatiya school]]. The Chinese and Tibetan canons mainly derive from the [[Sarvastivada]] (originally written in Sanskrit, of which fragments remain). The texts were translated into Chinese and Tibetan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Heart of Buddha's Teachings|last=Hahn|first=Thich Nhat|publisher=Harmony|year=2015|pages=16}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] uses Pali as its main liturgical language and prefers its [[Pali Canon|Pali Canon scriptures]] to be studied in the original Pali. Pali is derived from one of the Indian Prakrits, which are closely related to Sanskrit. In Thailand, Pali is written using the Thai alphabet, resulting in a Thai pronunciation of the Pali language. [[Mahayana]] Buddhism makes little use of its original language, [[Sanskrit]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} Instead in [[East Asia]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]] is mainly used.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} In some Japanese rituals, Chinese texts are read out or recited with the Japanese pronunciations of their constituent characters, resulting in something unintelligible in both languages.<ref>{{citation|editor-last=Buswell|editor-first=Robert E.|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|volume=1|year=2003|page=137|location=London|publisher=Macmillan}}.</ref><br />
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In [[Vajrayana]] Buddhism [[Tibetan Buddhism]] is the main school, and [[Classical Tibetan]] is the main language used for study,<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Tibetan Buddhism?|url=http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/eng/zt/xzwt/t218250.htm|website=Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Gothenburg|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> although the Tibetan Buddhist canon was also translated into other languages, such as [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Manchu language|Manchu]].<ref>Orzech, Charles D. (general editor), 2011. ''Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia.'' Brill, p. 540.</ref> Many items of [[Sanskrit Buddhist literature]] have been preserved because they were exported to Tibet, with copies of unknown ancient Sanskrit texts surfacing in Tibet as recently as 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/neighbours/story/20170612-sanskrit-tibet-chinese-scholars-buddhism-986510-2017-06-03|title = The lost Sanskrit treasures of Tibet}}</ref> Sanskrit was valued in Tibet as “the elegant language of the gods”.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43299940?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A913006d678befb6c7f5be8a6a7f8077a&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|jstor=43299940|title=Sanskrit in Tibetan Literature|last1=Lama|first1=His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai|journal=The Tibet Journal|year=1979|volume=4|issue=2|pages=3–5}}</ref> Although in Tibetan Buddhist [[deity yoga]] the rest of the [[sadhana]] is generally recited in Tibetan, the [[mantra]] portion of the practice is usually retained in its original Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fpmt.org/education/teachings/texts/mantras/|title=Mantras - FPMT}}</ref><br />
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In [[Nepal]] the [[Newar Buddhism]] form of Vajrayana is a storehouse of ancient Sanskrit [[Buddhist texts]], many of which are now only extant in Nepal.<ref>{{cite book |last= Gutschow |first= Niels |title= Architecture of the Newars: A History of Building Typologies and Details in Nepal |date= November 2011 |publisher= Serindia Publications |location= Chicago |isbn=978-1-932476-54-5 |page= 707}}</ref> Whatever language is used, [[Judith Simmer-Brown]] explains that a [[tantra|tantric]] Vajrayana text is often written in an obscure [[twilight language]] so that it cannot be understood by anyone without the verbal explanation of a [[guru|qualified teacher]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Judith Simmer-Brown |last=Simmer-Brown |first=Judith |year=2002 |title=Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Shambhala Publications|page=169|isbn=978-1-57062-920-4}}</ref><br />
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Five great epics (Tamil: ஐம்பெரும்காப்பியங்கள் Aimperumkāppiyaṅkaḷ) '''Silappatikāram, Manimekalai, Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi, Valayapathi and Kuṇṭalakēci''' are important Tamil Bhuudist and Jain epics.<br />
==Christianity==<br />
Christian rites, rituals, and ceremonies are not celebrated in one single sacred language. Churches which [[Apostolic succession|trace their origin to the Apostles]] continued to use the standard languages of the first few centuries AD. Many ritualistic Christian churches make a distinction between sacred language, liturgical language and vernacular language.<br />
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Sacred language is often defined as those languages which were present at the crucifixion.{{cn|date=March 2021}} The phrase "[[Jesus, King of the Jews]]" is reported in the [[Gospel of Luke]] as having been [[Titulus Crucis|inscribed]] upon the [[True Cross|cross]] in three different languages, thereby sanctifying them as the first languages to proclaim Christ's divinity.<br />
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These include:<br />
*[[Koine Greek]], the language the [[New Testament]] of the Christian Bible was originally written in, the [[Septuagint]] (a pre-Christian Greek translation of the [[Hebrew Bible]]), as well as the liturgical language of the [[Greek Orthodox Church]] and the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Greek Catholic Church]].<br />
*[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Aramaic]] were the two original languages the [[Old Testament]] ([[Hebrew Bible]]) of the Christian Bible was written in. Hebrew's inscription upon the cross makes it one of the three sacred languages. Some religious nomenclature and phrases was borrowed from these languages.<br />
Liturgical languages are those which hold precedence within liturgy due to tradition and dispensation. many of these languages are evolutions of languages which were at one point vernacular, while some are intentional constructions by ecclesial authorities. liturgical language differs from vernacular language in that it is often no longer the tongue of the common man, but retains a place of honor due to tradition.<br />
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These include:<br />
*[[Ecclesiastical Latin]] in the [[Latin liturgical rites]] of the [[Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Church Slavonic]] in several of the [[Autocephaly|autocephalous]] [[Eastern Orthodox Churches]] and ''[[sui iuris]]'' [[Eastern Catholic Churches]]<br />
*[[Old Georgian language|Old Georgian]] in the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and the [[Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics|Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Classical Armenian]] in the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] and the [[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ge'ez]] in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]], [[Ethiopian Catholic Church]] and [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Eritrean Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Coptic language|Coptic]] in the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and [[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac language|Syriac]] in [[Syriac Christianity]] represented by the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Church of the East]], [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Maronite Church]] and [[Saint Thomas Christian Churches]]<br />
*[[Early Modern English|King James English]] in the [[Orthodox Church in America]], the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], English-speaking parishes of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|ROCOR]], among English-language parishes of other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] jurisdictions, by the various [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] churches as well as in the [[Personal Ordinariate]] within the [[Latin Catholic Church]].<br />
The extensive use of [[Greek language|Greek]] in the Roman Liturgy has continued, in theory; it was used extensively on a regular basis during the [[Papal Mass]], which has not been celebrated for some time. By the reign of Pope [[Damasus I]], the continuous use of Greek in the Roman Liturgy had come to be replaced in part by Latin. Gradually, the Roman Liturgy took on more and more Latin until, generally, only a few words of [[Hebrew]] and Greek remained. The adoption of Latin was further fostered when the [[Vetus Latina]] (old Latin) version of the [[Bible]] was edited and parts retranslated from the original Hebrew and Greek by [[Saint Jerome]] in his [[Vulgate]]. Latin continued as the Western Church's language of liturgy and communication. One simply practical reason for this may be that there were no standardized vernaculars throughout the Middle Ages. [[Church Slavonic]] was used for the celebration of the Roman Liturgy in the 9th century (twice, 867-873 and 880-885).{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br />
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In the mid-16th century the [[Council of Trent]] rejected a proposal to introduce [[national language]]s as this was seen, among other reasons, as potentially divisive to Catholic unity.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}<br />
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During the Reformation in England, when the Protestant authorities banned the use of Latin liturgy, various schools obtained a dispensation to continue to use Latin, for educational purposes.<br />
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From the end of 16th century, in coastal [[Croatia]], the vernacular was gradually replacing [[Church Slavonic]] as the liturgical language. It was introduced in the rite of the Roman Liturgy, after the Church Slavonic language of [[glagolitic]] liturgical books, published in Rome, was becoming increasingly unintelligible due to linguistic reforms, namely, adapting Church Slavonic of Croatian recension by the norms of Church Slavonic of Russian recension.<br />
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For example, the vernacular was used to enquire of the bride and bridegroom whether they accepted their marriage vows.<br />
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[[Jesuit]] missionaries to China had sought, and for a short time received permission, to translate the Roman [[Missal]] into scholarly [[Classical Chinese]] (see [[Chinese Rites controversy]]). Ultimately, this was revoked. Among the [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquin]] and [[Iroquois]], they received permission to translate the [[Propers (liturgy)|propers]] of the Mass into the vernacular.<ref>Salvucci, Claudio R. 2008. [http://mysite.verizon.net/driadzbubl/IndianMasses.html The Roman Rite in the Algonquian and Iroquoian Missions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008092144/http://mysite.verizon.net/driadzbubl/IndianMasses.html |date=2012-10-08 }}. Merchantville, NJ:Evolution Publishing. See also</ref><br />
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In the 20th century, [[Pope Pius XII]] granted permission for a few vernaculars to be used in a few rites, rituals, and ceremonies. This did not include the Roman Liturgy of the Mass.<br />
<br />
The [[Catholic Church]], long before the [[Second Vatican Council]] (Vatican II), had accepted and promoted the use of the non-vernacular liturgical languages listed above; while vernacular (i.e. modern or native) languages were also used liturgically throughout history; usually as a special concession given to religious orders conducting missionary activity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=2786|title=Library : Liturgical Languages|website=www.catholicculture.org}}</ref> The use of vernacular language in liturgical practice after 1964 created controversy for a minority of Catholics, and opposition to liturgical vernacular is a major tenet of the Catholic [[Traditionalist Catholic|Traditionalist]] movement.<br />
<br />
In the 20th century, Vatican II set out to protect the use of Latin as a liturgical language. To a large degree, its prescription was initially disregarded and the vernacular not only became standard, but was generally used exclusively in the liturgy. Latin, which remains the chief language of the [[Roman Rite]], is the main language of the [[Roman Missal]] (the official book of liturgy for the Latin Rite) and of the [[1983 Code of Canon Law|Code of Canon Law]], and the use of [[liturgical Latin]] is still encouraged. Large-scale papal ceremonies often make use of it. Meanwhile, the numerous [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] in union with Rome each have their own respective "parent-language". As a subsidiary issue, unrelated to liturgy, the [[Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches|Eastern Code of Canon Law]], for the sake of convenience, has been promulgated in Latin.<br />
<br />
[[Eastern Orthodox]] churches vary in their use of liturgical languages. [[Koine Greek]] and [[Church Slavonic]] are the main sacred languages used in communion. Other languages are also permitted for liturgical worship, and each country often has the liturgical services in their own language. This has led to a wide variety of languages used for liturgical worship, but there is still uniformity in the liturgical worship itself.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}<br />
<br />
Liturgical languages used in the Eastern Orthodox Church include: [[Koine Greek]], [[Church Slavonic]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Korean language|Korean]], [[Japanese Language|Japanese]], [[Early Modern English|King James English]], several African languages and other world languages.<br />
<br />
[[Oriental Orthodox]] churches outside their ancestral lands regularly pray in the local vernacular, but some clergymen and communities prefer to retain their traditional language or use a combination of languages.<br />
<br />
Many Anabaptist groups, such as the [[Amish]], use High German in their worship despite not speaking it amongst themselves.<br />
==Hinduism==<br />
[[Hinduism]] is traditionally considered to have [[Tamil language|Old Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]] as its principal liturgical languages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-20|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf|access-date=2021-10-19|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> [[Hinduism]] finds its earliest literary mention in the book of Tholkappiyam ancient Tamil [[Sangam literature]] dated to the 5th - 10th century BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dahiya|first=Poonam Dalal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbU6DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT334&dq=tholkappiyam+mention+hinduism&hl=en|title=ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA EBOOK|date=2017-09-15|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-93-5260-673-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Santhanam|first=Kausalya|date=2012-07-05|title=The cultural connection|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/the-cultural-connection/article3606162.ece|access-date=2021-10-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Tamil has huge volume of literature in [[Shaivism|Saivism]], [[Vaishnavism|Vainavism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nithiyanandam|first=V. Nithi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWFM_SaX24AC&pg=PA54|title=Buddha's Doctrine of Suffering and Salvation: Causes of suffering|date=2002|publisher=Global Vision Publishing House|isbn=978-81-87746-25-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Drabu|first=V. N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEKkuLQUza8C&pg=PA31|title=Śaivāgamas: A Study in the Socio-economic Ideas and Institutions of Kashmir (200 B.C. to A.D. 700)|date=1990|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-85182-38-4|language=en}}</ref> Origin of [[Hinduism]] is based on [[Dravidian folk religion]], an ancient non-vedic form of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journals {{!}} BYU ScholarsArchive|url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/journals.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=scholarsarchive.byu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kitagawa|first=Joseph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fyzAAAAQBAJ|title=The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture|date=2013-09-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-87590-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-04|title=5 more human skeletons found at the archaeological site near Madurai|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/5-more-human-skeletons-found-at-the-archaeological-site-near-madurai-101625386283109.html|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>[[Shaivism]] developed based on pre-Vedic religions and traditions derived from the southern [[Tamils|Tamil]] Dravidian [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] traditions and philosophies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinduism: The Religion of the Agamas|url=http://www.siddha.com.my/forum/religionoftheagamas/chapter3.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=www.siddha.com.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Varadarajan|first=M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keu-zQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=The Treatment of Nature in Sangam Literature: (Ancient Tamil Literature)|date=2020-06-17|publisher=Independently Published|isbn=979-8-6545-2425-6|language=en}}</ref><br />
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[[Sanskrit]] is the language of the [[Veda]]s, [[Bhagavadgita]], [[Puranas]] like [[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavatam]], the [[Upanishad]]s, the Hindu epics like [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]] and various other liturgical texts such as the [[Sahasranama]], [[Shri Rudram Chamakam|Chamakam]] and [[Rudram]]. [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamas]], the scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of ''[[murti]]'', worship means of deities, philosophical doctrines, meditative practices, attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yoga are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grimes|first=John A.|url=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eP5p0ev3nJEC|title=A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English (New and Revised Edition)|date=1996-10-17|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-3068-2|language=en}}</ref>Tamil literary classics like Tirumurai, Naalayira Divya Prabhandham, Periya Puranam, Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai, Thiruppugazh, Kampa Rāmāyaṉam are important liturical works in [[Tamil language]].<br />
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Most of the Inscriptions in ancient temples across the [[Indian subcontinent]] are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|date=2010-06-24|title=An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/An-epigraphic-perspective-on-the-antiquity-of-Tamil/article16265606.ece|access-date=2021-07-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 2,000-year-old Tamizhi inscriptions found near Usilampatti|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/sep/03/over-2000-year-old-tamizhi-inscriptions-found-near-usilampatti-2191775.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>Tamil archanas and prayers widely used in temples in [[South India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. The twelve [[Azhwars]] (saint poets of Vaishnavite tradition) and sixty-three [[Nayanars]] (saint poets of Shaivite tradition) are regarded as exponents of the ''bhakti'' tradition of Hinduism in South India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangam literature {{!}} Indian literature|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/shangam-literature|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is also one of the oldest continuously used languages in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=Tamil or Sanskrit, which is older?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-or-sanskrit-which-is-older/|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=DelhiDecember 20|first1=India Today Web Desk New|last2=December 20|first2=2016UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2016 17:18|title=Seven oldest languages in the world that are still in use|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/oldest-languages-839038-2016-12-20|access-date=2021-07-13|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-29|title=Another Tamil Brahmi inscription stone found in a shambles|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/another-tamil-brahmi-inscription-stone-found-in-a-shambles/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tamil|first=University of Kerala Department of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kM65AAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=sangam+literature+hinduism&q=sangam+literature+hinduism&hl=en|title=Research Papers - Department of Tamil, University of Kerala|date=1981|publisher=Department of Tamil, University of Kerala.|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Sanskrit is also the tongue of most Indian [[Hindu]] rituals. It is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] language and therefore a member of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. It therefore has some similarities with [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin]], as well as with many vernacular languages of Europe and south Asia. Like Latin and Greek, it also has secular [[literature]] along with its religious canon. Most Hindu theologians of later centuries continued to prefer to write in Sanskrit even when it was no longer spoken as a day-to-day language.<br />
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Most famous Shaivite literical works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] include 12 [[Tirumurai]]s consists of the great devotional hymns like [[Tevaram]], [[Tiruvacakam]]. Most famous Vaishnavite literical works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] include 4000 [[Divya Prabandham]] which are considered to be the essence of the Vedas, in Tamil, and all in praise of Lord Vishnu. [[Divya Prabandha]] is chanted in most of the [[South India]]n [[Vaishnavism]] temples including [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]], Tirupati and even North Indian temple like [[Badrinath Temple]] which is considered to be the basis for the [[Bhakti movement]]. The Divya Prabhandams and Thevarams are referred to as Dravida Vedas or Tamil Vedas. These devotional hymns were sung in almost every Shiva and Vishnu temple of the South India and Srilanka.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cutler|first=Norman|title=Songs of Experience: The Poetics of Tamil Devotion|year=1987|publisher=Indiana University Press}}</ref><br />
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The Hindu dominations [[Kaumaram]], [[Sri Vaishnavism]] school of Vaishnavism , [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] school of Shaivasim sects in South India exclusively use [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as liturgical language. Also most of the devotional texts on Lord [[Murugan]] are in Tamil and references in the [[Sangam literature|Ancient Tamil Sangam literature]] traces the origin of Lord [[Murugan]] to [[Tamilakam|the Ancient Tamil country]].<ref>Kanchan Sinha, Kartikeya in Indian art and literature, 1979,Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan.</ref> [[Tamil Thai]], personification of the Tamil language as a mother is also common in South India. She is worshiped by Tamils all over the world. In [[Madurai]], there is a temple dedicated for Goddess Tamil Thai.<br />
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A long-standing myth states that Sanskrit and Tamil emerged from either side of Lord Shiva's divine drum of creation as he danced the dance of creation as Nataraja or sound of cosmic force.<br />
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While Sanskrit has often been associated with [[Brahmanism]], it remains as the only liturgical link language which connects the different strains of Hinduism that are present across [[India]]. The ''de facto'' position that Sanskrit enjoyed, as the principal language of Hinduism, enabled its survival not only in India but also in other areas where Hinduism thrived like [[South East Asia]]. Apart from Sanskrit and Tamil, several Hindu spiritual works were composed in the various regional languages of India such as [[Hindi]] (incl. [[Awadhi]] and [[Braj Bhasha]] dialects), [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Kawi language|Old Javanese]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-dCAAAAcAAJ&q=kawi+language+hindu+literature&pg=PR16|title = The History of Java: In Two Volumes|last1 = Raffles|first1 = Thomas Stamford|year = 1817}}</ref> and [[Balinese language|Balinese]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/169/1/article-p68_5.xml?language=en|doi = 10.1163/22134379-12340023|title = Modern Hindu Intellectuals and Ancient Texts: Reforming Śaiva Yoga in Bali|year = 2013|last1 = Acri|first1 = Andrea|journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|volume = 169|pages = 68–103|doi-access = free}}</ref><br />
==Islam==<br />
[[Classical Arabic]], or Qur'anic Arabic, is the language of the [[Qur'an]]. Muslims believe the Qur'an as [[divine revelation]]—it is a sacred and eternal document, and as such it is believed to be the direct word of [[Allah|God]]. Thus Muslims hold that the Qur'an is only truly the Qur'an if it is precisely as it was revealed—i.e., in Classical Arabic. Translations of the Qur'an into other languages are therefore not treated as the Qur'an itself; rather, they are seen as interpretive texts, which attempt to communicate a translation of the Qur'an's message. [[Salah]] and other rituals are also conducted in Classical Arabic for this reason. [[Ulema|Scholars of Islam]] must learn and interpret the Qur'an in classical Arabic. Islamic Friday [[Khutbah|sermons]] are delivered mainly in [[Modern Standard Arabic]] in all Arabic-speaking countries and are sometimes mixed with local Arabic vernaculars or other native non-Arabic languages like [[Berber language|Berber]] or [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]. In non-Arabic speaking countries the Friday sermons are delivered in a mix of local languages and Classical Arabic Qur'anic verses.<br />
==Judaism==<br />
The core of the [[Hebrew Bible]] is written in [[Biblical Hebrew]], referred to by some [[Jew]]s as ''[[Lashon Hakodesh]]'' ({{lang|he|לשון הקודש}}, "Language of Holiness"). Hebrew (and in the case of a few texts such as the [[Kaddish]], [[Judeo-Aramaic languages|Aramaic]]) remains the traditional language of [[Jewish services|Jewish religious services]]. [[Rabbinic Hebrew]] and Aramaic are used extensively by the [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] for writing religious texts.<br />
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Among many segments of the [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]], [[Yiddish]], although not used in liturgy, is used for religious purposes, such as for [[Torah study]]. In contemporary [[Israel]], where Yiddish has virtually disappeared as a spoken language among the general public, it is cultivated and extensively used by some Haredi groups - partly in protest against [[Hebrew]], the traditional sacred language they see having been profaned by [[Zionism]], making it the main language of modern secular Israeli society.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} Moreover, in these circles Yiddish is associated with the memory of the great Torah sages of Eastern Europe, who spoke it and whose communities were destroyed in the [[Holocaust]].<br />
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Among the [[Sephardi]]m, [[Ladino language|Ladino]], a [[Creole language|creole]] of Hebrew or Aramaic syntax and [[Castilian language|Castilian]] words, was used for sacred translations such as the [[Ferrara Bible]]. It was also used during the Sephardi liturgy. Note that the name ''Ladino'' is also used for [[Judeo-Spanish]], a dialect of Castilian used by Sephardim as an everyday language until the 20th century.<ref name="Sephiha"> ''EL LADINO: Lengua litúrgica de los judíos españoles'', Haim Vidal Sephiha, [[Sorbonne|Sorbona]] (París), Historia 16 - AÑO 1978:</ref><ref name="Cohen">[http://www.cryptojews.com/clearing_up_ladino.htm "Clearing up Ladino, Judeo-Spanish, Sephardic Music"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416142720/http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1596 |date=2008-04-16 }} Judith Cohen, HaLapid, winter 2001; [http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1596 Sephardic Song] Judith Cohen, Midstream July/August 2003</ref><br />
==List==<br />
*[[Old Tamil]] (Dravidian family of languages): The sacred language and claimed to be the oldest living language in the world have literical history in [[Dharmic religions]] such as [[Shaivism]], [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaktism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Tamil Buddhists of the Past and the Future|url=https://sangam.org/2010/12/Tamil_Buddhists.php?uid=4177#:~:text=The%20well%20known%20Tamil%20Buddhist,work%20done%20in%20Tamil%20Nadu.|access-date=2021-07-27|website=sangam.org}}</ref><br />
*[[Sadhu bhasha]] (Bengali) and Middle Bengali: The sacred language, besides Sanskrit, of the Gaudiya or Chaitanya Vaishnava Spiritual Tradition. Spiritual classics written in the above mentioned two variants include [[Chaitanya Charitamrita]], [[Vaishnava Padavali]] , [https://www.purebhakti.com/resources/ebooks-magazines/bhakti-books/english/21-jaiva-dharma Jaiva Dharma] ([[iarchive:1 20191030 20191030 1133|জৈব ধর্ম]]) etc.<br />
*[[Classical Arabic]], the language of the [[Quran]]; it differs from the [[Varieties of Arabic|various forms of contemporary spoken Arabic]] in lexical and grammatical areas.<br />
*[[Aramaic]], used in some later books of the [[Tanakh]], some Jewish prayers, and the [[Talmud]].<br />
*[[Avestan]], the language of the [[Avesta]], the sacred texts of [[Zoroastrianism]].<br />
*[[Classical Chinese]], the language of older Chinese literature and the [[Confucianism|Confucian]], [[Taoism|Taoist]], and in East Asia also of the [[Mahayana Buddhism|Mahayana Buddhist]] sacred texts. The current pronunciation of [[Chinese characters]] is based on [[Mandarin Chinese]].<br />
*[[Coptic language|Coptic]], a form of ancient [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]], is used by the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and the [[Coptic Catholic Church]].<br />
*[[History of the Czech language#Old Czech|Old Czech]] is used by the [[Moravian Church]].<br />
*[[Damin]], an initiation language of the [[Lardil people]] in Australia.<br />
*[[Dutch language|Early Modern Dutch]] is the language of the [[Statenvertaling]], still in use among orthodox Calvinist denominations in the Netherlands.<br />
*[[Early Modern English]] is used in some parts of the [[Anglican Communion]] and by the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], as well as by a variety of [[King James Only movement|English-speaking Protestants]].<br />
*[[Eskayan]] in the Philippines.<br />
*[[Etruscan language|Etruscan]], cultivated for religious and [[magic and religion|magical]] purposes in the [[Roman Empire]].<br />
*[[Ge'ez]], the predecessor of many [[Ethiopian Semitic languages]] (e.g. [[Amharic]], [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], [[Tigre language|Tigre]]) used as a liturgical language by [[Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jews]] and by [[Ethiopia]]n and [[Eritrea]]n [[Christianity|Christians]] (in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], and the [[Roman Catholic Church]]).<br />
*[[Early New High German]] is used in [[Amish]] communities for Bible readings and sermons.<br />
*[[Early Middle Japanese]] is chanted in [[Shinto]] rituals.<br />
*[[Gothic language|Gothic]], sole East Germanic language which is attested by significant texts, usually considered to have been preserved for the [[Arianism|Arian churches]], while the [[Goths]] themselves spoke [[vulgar Latin]] dialects of their areas.<br />
*[[Koine Greek]], the language of early [[Pauline Christianity]] and all of its [[New Testament]] books. It is today the liturgical language of [[Greek Orthodox Christianity]] and several other directly Greek connected [[Eastern Orthodox Churches]]. It differs markedly from [[Modern Greek]] but remains comprehensible for Modern Greek speakers.<br />
*[[Biblical Hebrew]] - the languages in which the [[Hebrew Bible]] has been written over time; these differ from [[Modern Hebrew|today's spoken Hebrew]] in lexical and grammatical areas.<br />
*[[Jamaican Maroon Spirit Possession Language]], spoken by [[Jamaican Maroons]], the descendants of runaway slaves in the mountains of [[Jamaica]], during their "Kromanti Play", a ceremony in which the participants are said to be [[spirit possession|possessed by their ancestors]] and to speak as their ancestors did centuries ago.<br />
*[[Judeo-Arabic]], spoken by [[Jews]] living in the [[Arab world]]. Religious works were translated into it, and some religious works, such as those by [[Maimonides]], were written in it.<br />
*[[Kallawaya language|Kallawaya]], a secret medicinal language used in the Andes.<br />
*[[Ladino language|Ladino]], used in translations of the Hebrew Bible and some Sephardic Jewish communities.<ref name="Sephiha" /><br />
*[[Ecclesiastical Latin]] is the liturgical language of the [[Latin Rite]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. It is based on the Italian pronunciation. It is also the official language of the [[Holy See]].<br />
*[[Old Latin]] was used in various prayers in [[ancient Roman religion|Roman paganism]], such as the [[Carmen Arvale]] and [[Carmen Saliare]]. These texts were unintelligible to classical Latin speakers and remain somewhat obscure to scholars even today.<br />
*[[Manchu language|Manchu]] was the language used in [[Shamanism in the Qing dynasty#The .22Shamanic Code.22 of 1747|Manchu shamanic rituals]].<br />
*[[Mandaic language|Mandaic]], an Aramaic language, in [[Mandaeanism]].<br />
*[[Classical Mongolian language|Classical Mongolian]] was used alongside Classical Tibetan as sacred languages of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia.<br />
*Historian [[Robert Beverley Jr.]], in his ''History and Present State of Virginia'' (1705), wrote that the "priests and conjurers" of the [[Virginia Indian]] tribes "perform their adorations and conjurations" in the [[Occaneechi]] language, much "as the Catholics of all nations do their Mass in the Latin". He also stated the language was widely used as a ''lingua franca'' "understood by the chief men of many nations, as Latin is in many parts of Europe"—even though, as he says, the Occaneechis "have been but a small nation, ever since those parts were known to the English". Scholars believe that the Occaneechi spoke a [[Siouan]] dialect similar to [[Tutelo language|Tutelo]].<br />
*[[Palaic language|Palaic]] and [[Luwian language|Luwian]], cultivated as a religious language by the [[Hittites]].<br />
*[[Pali]], the original language of [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]].<br />
*Some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Latin]] prayers are retained by the [[Kakure Kirishitan]] (Hidden Christians) of Japan, who recite it without understanding the language.<br />
*[[Sant Bhasha]], a mélange of archaic [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and several other languages, is the language of the [[Sikh]] holy scripture [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref name="Dass2000">{{cite book | author=Nirmal Dass | title=Songs of Saints from Adi Granth | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZSndbFnrVIC&pg=PA13 | access-date=29 November 2012 | year=2000 | publisher=SUNY Press | isbn=978-0-7914-4684-3 | page=13 | quote = Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with one language, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit; regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahaskrit. More particularly, we find sant bhasha, Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sindhi and Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such as Purbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi.}}</ref> It is different from the various dialects of Punjabi that exist today.<br />
*[[Vedic]] & Classical [[Sanskrit]], the dialects of the [[Veda]]s and other sacred texts of [[Hinduism]] as well as the original language of several sects of early [[Buddhism]] and a language of [[Jainism]].<br />
*[[Old Church Slavonic]], also called [[Old Bulgarian]], the liturgical language of the [[Eastern Orthodox Slavs|Slavic Eastern Orthodoxy]], and the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic]] is the current liturgical language of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] and the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]] and certain [[Byzantine]] ([[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian]]) [[Eastern Catholic]] churches.<br />
*[[Sumerian language|Sumerian]], cultivated and preserved in [[Assyria]] and [[Babylon]] long after its extinction as an everyday language.<br />
*[[Syriac language|Syriac]], a dialect of [[Aramaic]], is used as a liturgical language by [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Christians]] who belong to the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], [[Assyrian Church of the East]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Syro Malabar Catholic Church]] and [[Maronite Church]].<br />
*[[Classical Tibetan]], known as ''Chhokey'' in [[Bhutan]], the sacred language of [[Tibetan Buddhism]].<br />
*Various [[Native American languages]] are cultivated for religious and ceremonial purposes by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who no longer use them in daily life.<br />
*[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] (known as [[Lucumi language|Lucumi]] in [[Cuba]]), the language of the [[Yoruba people]], brought to the [[New World]] by [[Africa]]n [[slavery|slaves]], and preserved in [[Santería]], [[Candomblé]], and other transplanted African religions. The Yoruba descendants in these communities, as well as non-descendants that have adopted one of the Yoruba-based religions in the diaspora, no longer speak any of the Yoruba dialects with any level of fluency. And the liturgical usage also reflects the compromise of the language whereby there isn't an understanding of correct grammar nor proper intonation. Spirit possession by the Yoruba deities in Cuba shows that the deity manifested in the devotee at a Cuban orisa ceremony delivers messages to the faithful in [[Bozal]], a type of Spanish-based creole with some words of Yoruba language as well as those of [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] origin with an inflection similar to the way Africans would speak as they were learning Spanish during enslavement.<br />
*[[Habla Congo]] (or ''Habla Bantu'') is a [[Kongo language|Kongo]]-based [[liturgical language]] of the [[Palo religion]] with origins in Cuba, later spreading to other countries in the [[Caribbean Basin]].<br />
*[[Early Modern English|King James English]] is the primary Liturgical Language of the [[Orthodox Church in America]], the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], and [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|ROCOR]] dioceses of America, and is used popularly among English-language parishes of other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] jurisdictions<br />
==References==<br />
<references group=""></references></div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sacred_language&diff=304883Sacred language2022-02-26T14:24:47Z<p>Tamil123: Created page with " A '''sacred language''', '''holy language''' or '''liturgical language''' is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in church service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily lives. ==Concept== A sacred language is often the language which was spoken and written in the society in which a religion's sacred texts were first set down; these texts thereafter become fixed and holy, remainin..."</p>
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A '''sacred language''', '''holy language''' or '''liturgical language''' is any [[language]] that is cultivated and used primarily in [[church service]] or for other [[religion|religious]] reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily lives.<br />
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==Concept==<br />
A sacred language is often the language which was spoken and written in the society in which a religion's sacred texts were first set down; these texts thereafter become fixed and holy, remaining frozen and immune to later linguistic developments. (An exception to this would be Lucumí, a ritual lexicon of Cuban Orisa religion, with no standardized form.) Once a language becomes associated with religious worship, its believers may ascribe virtues to the language of worship that they would not give to their native tongues.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} In the case of sacred texts, there is a fear of losing authenticity and accuracy by a translation or re-translation, and difficulties in achieving acceptance for a new version of a text. A sacred language is typically vested with a solemnity and dignity that the vernacular lacks. Consequently, the training of clergy in the use of a sacred language becomes an important cultural investment, and their use of the tongue is perceived to give them access to a body of knowledge that untrained lay people cannot (or should not) access.<br />
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Because sacred languages are ascribed with virtues that the vernacular is not perceived to have, the sacred languages typically preserve characteristics that would have been lost in the course of language development. In some cases, the sacred language is a [[Extinct language|dead language]]. In other cases, it may simply reflect [[archaism|archaic]] forms of a living language. For instance, 17th-century elements of the English language remain current in [[Protestantism|Protestant Christian]] worship through the use of the ''[[King James Version of the Bible|King James Bible]]'' or older versions of the [[Anglican]] ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]''. In more extreme cases, the language has changed so much from the language of the [[sacred text]]s that the liturgy is no longer comprehensible without special training. For example, the [[Latin liturgical rites|liturgy]] of the [[Latin Church|Roman Catholic Church]] remained in Latin after the [[Third Council of Tours|Council of Tours in 813]] ordered preaching in local Romance or German because Latin was no longer understood. Similarly, [[Old Church Slavonic]] is not comprehensible to speakers of modern Slavic languages, unless they study it especially. The concept of sacred languages is distinct from that of [[divine language]]s, which are languages ascribed to the divine (i.e. God or gods) and may not necessarily be natural languages.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} The concept, as expressed by the name of a script, for example in ''[[Devanāgarī]]'', the name of a script that roughly means "[script] of the city of gods”, and is used to write many Indian languages.<br />
==Buddhism==<br />
[[Pali]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Tibetan language (standard)|Tibetan]] are the main sacred languages of [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/history/what-language-did-the-buddha-speak.asp|title=What Language Did the Buddha Speak?|website=www.hinduwebsite.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/oct2002/buddhismandlanguage.html|title=Language in India|website=www.languageinindia.com|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><br />
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When Buddha's [[sutra]]s were first written down in Pali, there were around 20 schools, each with their own version derived from the original. The Pali canon originates from the [[Tamrashatiya|Tamrashatiya school]]. The Chinese and Tibetan canons mainly derive from the [[Sarvastivada]] (originally written in Sanskrit, of which fragments remain). The texts were translated into Chinese and Tibetan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Heart of Buddha's Teachings|last=Hahn|first=Thich Nhat|publisher=Harmony|year=2015|pages=16}}</ref><br />
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[[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] uses Pali as its main liturgical language and prefers its [[Pali Canon|Pali Canon scriptures]] to be studied in the original Pali. Pali is derived from one of the Indian Prakrits, which are closely related to Sanskrit. In Thailand, Pali is written using the Thai alphabet, resulting in a Thai pronunciation of the Pali language. [[Mahayana]] Buddhism makes little use of its original language, [[Sanskrit]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} Instead in [[East Asia]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]] is mainly used.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} In some Japanese rituals, Chinese texts are read out or recited with the Japanese pronunciations of their constituent characters, resulting in something unintelligible in both languages.<ref>{{citation|editor-last=Buswell|editor-first=Robert E.|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|volume=1|year=2003|page=137|location=London|publisher=Macmillan}}.</ref><br />
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In [[Vajrayana]] Buddhism [[Tibetan Buddhism]] is the main school, and [[Classical Tibetan]] is the main language used for study,<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Tibetan Buddhism?|url=http://gothenburg.chineseconsulate.org/eng/zt/xzwt/t218250.htm|website=Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Gothenburg|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> although the Tibetan Buddhist canon was also translated into other languages, such as [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Manchu language|Manchu]].<ref>Orzech, Charles D. (general editor), 2011. ''Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia.'' Brill, p. 540.</ref> Many items of [[Sanskrit Buddhist literature]] have been preserved because they were exported to Tibet, with copies of unknown ancient Sanskrit texts surfacing in Tibet as recently as 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/neighbours/story/20170612-sanskrit-tibet-chinese-scholars-buddhism-986510-2017-06-03|title = The lost Sanskrit treasures of Tibet}}</ref> Sanskrit was valued in Tibet as “the elegant language of the gods”.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43299940?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A913006d678befb6c7f5be8a6a7f8077a&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|jstor=43299940|title=Sanskrit in Tibetan Literature|last1=Lama|first1=His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai|journal=The Tibet Journal|year=1979|volume=4|issue=2|pages=3–5}}</ref> Although in Tibetan Buddhist [[deity yoga]] the rest of the [[sadhana]] is generally recited in Tibetan, the [[mantra]] portion of the practice is usually retained in its original Sanskrit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fpmt.org/education/teachings/texts/mantras/|title=Mantras - FPMT}}</ref><br />
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In [[Nepal]] the [[Newar Buddhism]] form of Vajrayana is a storehouse of ancient Sanskrit [[Buddhist texts]], many of which are now only extant in Nepal.<ref>{{cite book |last= Gutschow |first= Niels |title= Architecture of the Newars: A History of Building Typologies and Details in Nepal |date= November 2011 |publisher= Serindia Publications |location= Chicago |isbn=978-1-932476-54-5 |page= 707}}</ref> Whatever language is used, [[Judith Simmer-Brown]] explains that a [[tantra|tantric]] Vajrayana text is often written in an obscure [[twilight language]] so that it cannot be understood by anyone without the verbal explanation of a [[guru|qualified teacher]].<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Judith Simmer-Brown |last=Simmer-Brown |first=Judith |year=2002 |title=Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Shambhala Publications|page=169|isbn=978-1-57062-920-4}}</ref><br />
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Five great epics (Tamil: ஐம்பெரும்காப்பியங்கள் Aimperumkāppiyaṅkaḷ) '''Silappatikāram, Manimekalai, Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi, Valayapathi and Kuṇṭalakēci''' are important Tamil Bhuudist and Jain epics.<br />
==Christianity==<br />
Christian rites, rituals, and ceremonies are not celebrated in one single sacred language. Churches which [[Apostolic succession|trace their origin to the Apostles]] continued to use the standard languages of the first few centuries AD. Many ritualistic Christian churches make a distinction between sacred language, liturgical language and vernacular language.<br />
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Sacred language is often defined as those languages which were present at the crucifixion.{{cn|date=March 2021}} The phrase "[[Jesus, King of the Jews]]" is reported in the [[Gospel of Luke]] as having been [[Titulus Crucis|inscribed]] upon the [[True Cross|cross]] in three different languages, thereby sanctifying them as the first languages to proclaim Christ's divinity.<br />
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These include:<br />
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*[[Koine Greek]], the language the [[New Testament]] of the Christian Bible was originally written in, the [[Septuagint]] (a pre-Christian Greek translation of the [[Hebrew Bible]]), as well as the liturgical language of the [[Greek Orthodox Church]] and the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Greek Catholic Church]].<br />
*[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Aramaic]] were the two original languages the [[Old Testament]] ([[Hebrew Bible]]) of the Christian Bible was written in. Hebrew's inscription upon the cross makes it one of the three sacred languages. Some religious nomenclature and phrases was borrowed from these languages.<br />
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Liturgical languages are those which hold precedence within liturgy due to tradition and dispensation. many of these languages are evolutions of languages which were at one point vernacular, while some are intentional constructions by ecclesial authorities. liturgical language differs from vernacular language in that it is often no longer the tongue of the common man, but retains a place of honor due to tradition.<br />
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These include:<br />
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*[[Ecclesiastical Latin]] in the [[Latin liturgical rites]] of the [[Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Church Slavonic]] in several of the [[Autocephaly|autocephalous]] [[Eastern Orthodox Churches]] and ''[[sui iuris]]'' [[Eastern Catholic Churches]]<br />
*[[Old Georgian language|Old Georgian]] in the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and the [[Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics|Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Classical Armenian]] in the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] and the [[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ge'ez]] in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]], [[Ethiopian Catholic Church]] and [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Eritrean Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Coptic language|Coptic]] in the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and [[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac language|Syriac]] in [[Syriac Christianity]] represented by the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Church of the East]], [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Maronite Church]] and [[Saint Thomas Christian Churches]]<br />
*[[Early Modern English|King James English]] in the [[Orthodox Church in America]], the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], English-speaking parishes of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|ROCOR]], among English-language parishes of other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] jurisdictions, by the various [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] churches as well as in the [[Personal Ordinariate]] within the [[Latin Catholic Church]].<br />
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The extensive use of [[Greek language|Greek]] in the Roman Liturgy has continued, in theory; it was used extensively on a regular basis during the [[Papal Mass]], which has not been celebrated for some time. By the reign of Pope [[Damasus I]], the continuous use of Greek in the Roman Liturgy had come to be replaced in part by Latin. Gradually, the Roman Liturgy took on more and more Latin until, generally, only a few words of [[Hebrew]] and Greek remained. The adoption of Latin was further fostered when the [[Vetus Latina]] (old Latin) version of the [[Bible]] was edited and parts retranslated from the original Hebrew and Greek by [[Saint Jerome]] in his [[Vulgate]]. Latin continued as the Western Church's language of liturgy and communication. One simply practical reason for this may be that there were no standardized vernaculars throughout the Middle Ages. [[Church Slavonic]] was used for the celebration of the Roman Liturgy in the 9th century (twice, 867-873 and 880-885).{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br />
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In the mid-16th century the [[Council of Trent]] rejected a proposal to introduce [[national language]]s as this was seen, among other reasons, as potentially divisive to Catholic unity.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}<br />
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During the Reformation in England, when the Protestant authorities banned the use of Latin liturgy, various schools obtained a dispensation to continue to use Latin, for educational purposes.<br />
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From the end of 16th century, in coastal [[Croatia]], the vernacular was gradually replacing [[Church Slavonic]] as the liturgical language. It was introduced in the rite of the Roman Liturgy, after the Church Slavonic language of [[glagolitic]] liturgical books, published in Rome, was becoming increasingly unintelligible due to linguistic reforms, namely, adapting Church Slavonic of Croatian recension by the norms of Church Slavonic of Russian recension.<br />
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For example, the vernacular was used to enquire of the bride and bridegroom whether they accepted their marriage vows.<br />
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[[Jesuit]] missionaries to China had sought, and for a short time received permission, to translate the Roman [[Missal]] into scholarly [[Classical Chinese]] (see [[Chinese Rites controversy]]). Ultimately, this was revoked. Among the [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquin]] and [[Iroquois]], they received permission to translate the [[Propers (liturgy)|propers]] of the Mass into the vernacular.<ref>Salvucci, Claudio R. 2008. [http://mysite.verizon.net/driadzbubl/IndianMasses.html The Roman Rite in the Algonquian and Iroquoian Missions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008092144/http://mysite.verizon.net/driadzbubl/IndianMasses.html |date=2012-10-08 }}. Merchantville, NJ:Evolution Publishing. See also</ref><br />
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In the 20th century, [[Pope Pius XII]] granted permission for a few vernaculars to be used in a few rites, rituals, and ceremonies. This did not include the Roman Liturgy of the Mass.<br />
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The [[Catholic Church]], long before the [[Second Vatican Council]] (Vatican II), had accepted and promoted the use of the non-vernacular liturgical languages listed above; while vernacular (i.e. modern or native) languages were also used liturgically throughout history; usually as a special concession given to religious orders conducting missionary activity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=2786|title=Library : Liturgical Languages|website=www.catholicculture.org}}</ref> The use of vernacular language in liturgical practice after 1964 created controversy for a minority of Catholics, and opposition to liturgical vernacular is a major tenet of the Catholic [[Traditionalist Catholic|Traditionalist]] movement.<br />
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In the 20th century, Vatican II set out to protect the use of Latin as a liturgical language. To a large degree, its prescription was initially disregarded and the vernacular not only became standard, but was generally used exclusively in the liturgy. Latin, which remains the chief language of the [[Roman Rite]], is the main language of the [[Roman Missal]] (the official book of liturgy for the Latin Rite) and of the [[1983 Code of Canon Law|Code of Canon Law]], and the use of [[liturgical Latin]] is still encouraged. Large-scale papal ceremonies often make use of it. Meanwhile, the numerous [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] in union with Rome each have their own respective "parent-language". As a subsidiary issue, unrelated to liturgy, the [[Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches|Eastern Code of Canon Law]], for the sake of convenience, has been promulgated in Latin.<br />
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[[Eastern Orthodox]] churches vary in their use of liturgical languages. [[Koine Greek]] and [[Church Slavonic]] are the main sacred languages used in communion. Other languages are also permitted for liturgical worship, and each country often has the liturgical services in their own language. This has led to a wide variety of languages used for liturgical worship, but there is still uniformity in the liturgical worship itself.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}<br />
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Liturgical languages used in the Eastern Orthodox Church include: [[Koine Greek]], [[Church Slavonic]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Korean language|Korean]], [[Japanese Language|Japanese]], [[Early Modern English|King James English]], several African languages and other world languages.<br />
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[[Oriental Orthodox]] churches outside their ancestral lands regularly pray in the local vernacular, but some clergymen and communities prefer to retain their traditional language or use a combination of languages.<br />
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Many Anabaptist groups, such as the [[Amish]], use High German in their worship despite not speaking it amongst themselves.<br />
==Hinduism==<br />
[[Hinduism]] is traditionally considered to have [[Tamil language|Old Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]] as its principal liturgical languages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-20|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf|access-date=2021-10-19|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> [[Hinduism]] finds its earliest literary mention in the book of Tholkappiyam ancient Tamil [[Sangam literature]] dated to the 5th - 10th century BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dahiya|first=Poonam Dalal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbU6DwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT334&dq=tholkappiyam+mention+hinduism&hl=en|title=ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA EBOOK|date=2017-09-15|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-93-5260-673-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Santhanam|first=Kausalya|date=2012-07-05|title=The cultural connection|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/the-cultural-connection/article3606162.ece|access-date=2021-10-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Tamil has huge volume of literature in [[Shaivism|Saivism]], [[Vaishnavism|Vainavism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nithiyanandam|first=V. Nithi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWFM_SaX24AC&pg=PA54|title=Buddha's Doctrine of Suffering and Salvation: Causes of suffering|date=2002|publisher=Global Vision Publishing House|isbn=978-81-87746-25-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Drabu|first=V. N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEKkuLQUza8C&pg=PA31|title=Śaivāgamas: A Study in the Socio-economic Ideas and Institutions of Kashmir (200 B.C. to A.D. 700)|date=1990|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-85182-38-4|language=en}}</ref> Origin of [[Hinduism]] is based on [[Dravidian folk religion]], an ancient non-vedic form of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journals {{!}} BYU ScholarsArchive|url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/journals.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=scholarsarchive.byu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kitagawa|first=Joseph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fyzAAAAQBAJ|title=The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture|date=2013-09-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-87590-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-04|title=5 more human skeletons found at the archaeological site near Madurai|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/5-more-human-skeletons-found-at-the-archaeological-site-near-madurai-101625386283109.html|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>[[Shaivism]] developed based on pre-Vedic religions and traditions derived from the southern [[Tamils|Tamil]] Dravidian [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] traditions and philosophies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinduism: The Religion of the Agamas|url=http://www.siddha.com.my/forum/religionoftheagamas/chapter3.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=www.siddha.com.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Varadarajan|first=M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keu-zQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=The Treatment of Nature in Sangam Literature: (Ancient Tamil Literature)|date=2020-06-17|publisher=Independently Published|isbn=979-8-6545-2425-6|language=en}}</ref><br />
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[[Sanskrit]] is the language of the [[Veda]]s, [[Bhagavadgita]], [[Puranas]] like [[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavatam]], the [[Upanishad]]s, the Hindu epics like [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]] and various other liturgical texts such as the [[Sahasranama]], [[Shri Rudram Chamakam|Chamakam]] and [[Rudram]]. [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamas]], the scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of ''[[murti]]'', worship means of deities, philosophical doctrines, meditative practices, attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yoga are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grimes|first=John A.|url=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=eP5p0ev3nJEC|title=A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English (New and Revised Edition)|date=1996-10-17|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-3068-2|language=en}}</ref>Tamil literary classics like Tirumurai, Naalayira Divya Prabhandham, Periya Puranam, Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai, Thiruppugazh, Kampa Rāmāyaṉam are important liturical works in [[Tamil language]].<br />
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Most of the Inscriptions in ancient temples across the [[Indian subcontinent]] are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|date=2010-06-24|title=An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/An-epigraphic-perspective-on-the-antiquity-of-Tamil/article16265606.ece|access-date=2021-07-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 2,000-year-old Tamizhi inscriptions found near Usilampatti|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/sep/03/over-2000-year-old-tamizhi-inscriptions-found-near-usilampatti-2191775.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>Tamil archanas and prayers widely used in temples in [[South India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. The twelve [[Azhwars]] (saint poets of Vaishnavite tradition) and sixty-three [[Nayanars]] (saint poets of Shaivite tradition) are regarded as exponents of the ''bhakti'' tradition of Hinduism in South India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangam literature {{!}} Indian literature|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/shangam-literature|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is also one of the oldest continuously used languages in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=Tamil or Sanskrit, which is older?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-or-sanskrit-which-is-older/|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=DelhiDecember 20|first1=India Today Web Desk New|last2=December 20|first2=2016UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2016 17:18|title=Seven oldest languages in the world that are still in use|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/oldest-languages-839038-2016-12-20|access-date=2021-07-13|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-29|title=Another Tamil Brahmi inscription stone found in a shambles|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/another-tamil-brahmi-inscription-stone-found-in-a-shambles/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tamil|first=University of Kerala Department of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kM65AAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=sangam+literature+hinduism&q=sangam+literature+hinduism&hl=en|title=Research Papers - Department of Tamil, University of Kerala|date=1981|publisher=Department of Tamil, University of Kerala.|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Sanskrit is also the tongue of most Indian [[Hindu]] rituals. It is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] language and therefore a member of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. It therefore has some similarities with [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin]], as well as with many vernacular languages of Europe and south Asia. Like Latin and Greek, it also has secular [[literature]] along with its religious canon. Most Hindu theologians of later centuries continued to prefer to write in Sanskrit even when it was no longer spoken as a day-to-day language.<br />
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Most famous Shaivite literical works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] include 12 [[Tirumurai]]s consists of the great devotional hymns like [[Tevaram]], [[Tiruvacakam]]. Most famous Vaishnavite literical works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] include 4000 [[Divya Prabandham]] which are considered to be the essence of the Vedas, in Tamil, and all in praise of Lord Vishnu. [[Divya Prabandha]] is chanted in most of the [[South India]]n [[Vaishnavism]] temples including [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]], Tirupati and even North Indian temple like [[Badrinath Temple]] which is considered to be the basis for the [[Bhakti movement]]. The Divya Prabhandams and Thevarams are referred to as Dravida Vedas or Tamil Vedas. These devotional hymns were sung in almost every Shiva and Vishnu temple of the South India and Srilanka.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cutler|first=Norman|title=Songs of Experience: The Poetics of Tamil Devotion|year=1987|publisher=Indiana University Press}}</ref><br />
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The Hindu dominations [[Kaumaram]], [[Sri Vaishnavism]] school of Vaishnavism , [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] school of Shaivasim sects in South India exclusively use [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as liturgical language. Also most of the devotional texts on Lord [[Murugan]] are in Tamil and references in the [[Sangam literature|Ancient Tamil Sangam literature]] traces the origin of Lord [[Murugan]] to [[Tamilakam|the Ancient Tamil country]].<ref>Kanchan Sinha, Kartikeya in Indian art and literature, 1979,Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan.</ref> [[Tamil Thai]], personification of the Tamil language as a mother is also common in South India. She is worshiped by Tamils all over the world. In [[Madurai]], there is a temple dedicated for Goddess Tamil Thai.<br />
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A long-standing myth states that Sanskrit and Tamil emerged from either side of Lord Shiva's divine drum of creation as he danced the dance of creation as Nataraja or sound of cosmic force.<br />
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While Sanskrit has often been associated with [[Brahmanism]], it remains as the only liturgical link language which connects the different strains of Hinduism that are present across [[India]]. The ''de facto'' position that Sanskrit enjoyed, as the principal language of Hinduism, enabled its survival not only in India but also in other areas where Hinduism thrived like [[South East Asia]]. Apart from Sanskrit and Tamil, several Hindu spiritual works were composed in the various regional languages of India such as [[Hindi]] (incl. [[Awadhi]] and [[Braj Bhasha]] dialects), [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Kawi language|Old Javanese]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-dCAAAAcAAJ&q=kawi+language+hindu+literature&pg=PR16|title = The History of Java: In Two Volumes|last1 = Raffles|first1 = Thomas Stamford|year = 1817}}</ref> and [[Balinese language|Balinese]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/169/1/article-p68_5.xml?language=en|doi = 10.1163/22134379-12340023|title = Modern Hindu Intellectuals and Ancient Texts: Reforming Śaiva Yoga in Bali|year = 2013|last1 = Acri|first1 = Andrea|journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|volume = 169|pages = 68–103|doi-access = free}}</ref><br />
==Islam==<br />
[[Classical Arabic]], or Qur'anic Arabic, is the language of the [[Qur'an]]. Muslims believe the Qur'an as [[divine revelation]]—it is a sacred and eternal document, and as such it is believed to be the direct word of [[Allah|God]]. Thus Muslims hold that the Qur'an is only truly the Qur'an if it is precisely as it was revealed—i.e., in Classical Arabic. Translations of the Qur'an into other languages are therefore not treated as the Qur'an itself; rather, they are seen as interpretive texts, which attempt to communicate a translation of the Qur'an's message. [[Salah]] and other rituals are also conducted in Classical Arabic for this reason. [[Ulema|Scholars of Islam]] must learn and interpret the Qur'an in classical Arabic. Islamic Friday [[Khutbah|sermons]] are delivered mainly in [[Modern Standard Arabic]] in all Arabic-speaking countries and are sometimes mixed with local Arabic vernaculars or other native non-Arabic languages like [[Berber language|Berber]] or [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]. In non-Arabic speaking countries the Friday sermons are delivered in a mix of local languages and Classical Arabic Qur'anic verses.<br />
==Judaism==<br />
The core of the [[Hebrew Bible]] is written in [[Biblical Hebrew]], referred to by some [[Jew]]s as ''[[Lashon Hakodesh]]'' ({{lang|he|לשון הקודש}}, "Language of Holiness"). Hebrew (and in the case of a few texts such as the [[Kaddish]], [[Judeo-Aramaic languages|Aramaic]]) remains the traditional language of [[Jewish services|Jewish religious services]]. [[Rabbinic Hebrew]] and Aramaic are used extensively by the [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] for writing religious texts.<br />
<br />
Among many segments of the [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]], [[Yiddish]], although not used in liturgy, is used for religious purposes, such as for [[Torah study]]. In contemporary [[Israel]], where Yiddish has virtually disappeared as a spoken language among the general public, it is cultivated and extensively used by some Haredi groups - partly in protest against [[Hebrew]], the traditional sacred language they see having been profaned by [[Zionism]], making it the main language of modern secular Israeli society.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} Moreover, in these circles Yiddish is associated with the memory of the great Torah sages of Eastern Europe, who spoke it and whose communities were destroyed in the [[Holocaust]].<br />
<br />
Among the [[Sephardi]]m, [[Ladino language|Ladino]], a [[Creole language|creole]] of Hebrew or Aramaic syntax and [[Castilian language|Castilian]] words, was used for sacred translations such as the [[Ferrara Bible]]. It was also used during the Sephardi liturgy. Note that the name ''Ladino'' is also used for [[Judeo-Spanish]], a dialect of Castilian used by Sephardim as an everyday language until the 20th century.<ref name="Sephiha"><!-- The link http://www.vallenajerilla.com/berceo/florilegio/vidalsephiha/ladino1.htm triggers the spam filters. --> ''EL LADINO: Lengua litúrgica de los judíos españoles'', Haim Vidal Sephiha, [[Sorbonne|Sorbona]] (París), Historia 16 - AÑO 1978:</ref><ref name="Cohen">[http://www.cryptojews.com/clearing_up_ladino.htm "Clearing up Ladino, Judeo-Spanish, Sephardic Music"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416142720/http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1596 |date=2008-04-16 }} Judith Cohen, HaLapid, winter 2001; [http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1596 Sephardic Song] Judith Cohen, Midstream July/August 2003</ref><br />
==List==<br />
<br />
*[[Old Tamil]] (Dravidian family of languages): The sacred language and claimed to be the oldest living language in the world have literical history in [[Dharmic religions]] such as [[Shaivism]], [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaktism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Tamil Buddhists of the Past and the Future|url=https://sangam.org/2010/12/Tamil_Buddhists.php?uid=4177#:~:text=The%20well%20known%20Tamil%20Buddhist,work%20done%20in%20Tamil%20Nadu.|access-date=2021-07-27|website=sangam.org}}</ref><br />
*[[Sadhu bhasha]] (Bengali) and Middle Bengali: The sacred language, besides Sanskrit, of the Gaudiya or Chaitanya Vaishnava Spiritual Tradition. Spiritual classics written in the above mentioned two variants include [[Chaitanya Charitamrita]], [[Vaishnava Padavali]] , [https://www.purebhakti.com/resources/ebooks-magazines/bhakti-books/english/21-jaiva-dharma Jaiva Dharma] ([[iarchive:1 20191030 20191030 1133|জৈব ধর্ম]]) etc.<br />
*[[Classical Arabic]], the language of the [[Quran]]; it differs from the [[Varieties of Arabic|various forms of contemporary spoken Arabic]] in lexical and grammatical areas.<br />
*[[Aramaic]], used in some later books of the [[Tanakh]], some Jewish prayers, and the [[Talmud]].<br />
*[[Avestan]], the language of the [[Avesta]], the sacred texts of [[Zoroastrianism]].<br />
*[[Classical Chinese]], the language of older Chinese literature and the [[Confucianism|Confucian]], [[Taoism|Taoist]], and in East Asia also of the [[Mahayana Buddhism|Mahayana Buddhist]] sacred texts. The current pronunciation of [[Chinese characters]] is based on [[Mandarin Chinese]].<br />
*[[Coptic language|Coptic]], a form of ancient [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]], is used by the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and the [[Coptic Catholic Church]].<br />
*[[History of the Czech language#Old Czech|Old Czech]] is used by the [[Moravian Church]].<br />
*[[Damin]], an initiation language of the [[Lardil people]] in Australia.<br />
*[[Dutch language|Early Modern Dutch]] is the language of the [[Statenvertaling]], still in use among orthodox Calvinist denominations in the Netherlands.<br />
*[[Early Modern English]] is used in some parts of the [[Anglican Communion]] and by the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], as well as by a variety of [[King James Only movement|English-speaking Protestants]].<br />
*[[Eskayan]] in the Philippines.<br />
*[[Etruscan language|Etruscan]], cultivated for religious and [[magic and religion|magical]] purposes in the [[Roman Empire]].<br />
*[[Ge'ez]], the predecessor of many [[Ethiopian Semitic languages]] (e.g. [[Amharic]], [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], [[Tigre language|Tigre]]) used as a liturgical language by [[Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jews]] and by [[Ethiopia]]n and [[Eritrea]]n [[Christianity|Christians]] (in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], and the [[Roman Catholic Church]]).<br />
*[[Early New High German]] is used in [[Amish]] communities for Bible readings and sermons.<br />
*[[Early Middle Japanese]] is chanted in [[Shinto]] rituals.<br />
*[[Gothic language|Gothic]], sole East Germanic language which is attested by significant texts, usually considered to have been preserved for the [[Arianism|Arian churches]], while the [[Goths]] themselves spoke [[vulgar Latin]] dialects of their areas.<br />
*[[Koine Greek]], the language of early [[Pauline Christianity]] and all of its [[New Testament]] books. It is today the liturgical language of [[Greek Orthodox Christianity]] and several other directly Greek connected [[Eastern Orthodox Churches]]. It differs markedly from [[Modern Greek]] but remains comprehensible for Modern Greek speakers.<br />
*[[Biblical Hebrew]] - the languages in which the [[Hebrew Bible]] has been written over time; these differ from [[Modern Hebrew|today's spoken Hebrew]] in lexical and grammatical areas.<br />
*[[Jamaican Maroon Spirit Possession Language]], spoken by [[Jamaican Maroons]], the descendants of runaway slaves in the mountains of [[Jamaica]], during their "Kromanti Play", a ceremony in which the participants are said to be [[spirit possession|possessed by their ancestors]] and to speak as their ancestors did centuries ago.<br />
*[[Judeo-Arabic]], spoken by [[Jews]] living in the [[Arab world]]. Religious works were translated into it, and some religious works, such as those by [[Maimonides]], were written in it.<br />
*[[Kallawaya language|Kallawaya]], a secret medicinal language used in the Andes.<br />
*[[Ladino language|Ladino]], used in translations of the Hebrew Bible and some Sephardic Jewish communities.<ref name="Sephiha" /><br />
*[[Ecclesiastical Latin]] is the liturgical language of the [[Latin Rite]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. It is based on the Italian pronunciation. It is also the official language of the [[Holy See]].<br />
*[[Old Latin]] was used in various prayers in [[ancient Roman religion|Roman paganism]], such as the [[Carmen Arvale]] and [[Carmen Saliare]]. These texts were unintelligible to classical Latin speakers and remain somewhat obscure to scholars even today.<br />
*[[Manchu language|Manchu]] was the language used in [[Shamanism in the Qing dynasty#The .22Shamanic Code.22 of 1747|Manchu shamanic rituals]].<br />
*[[Mandaic language|Mandaic]], an Aramaic language, in [[Mandaeanism]].<br />
*[[Classical Mongolian language|Classical Mongolian]] was used alongside Classical Tibetan as sacred languages of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia.<br />
*Historian [[Robert Beverley Jr.]], in his ''History and Present State of Virginia'' (1705), wrote that the "priests and conjurers" of the [[Virginia Indian]] tribes "perform their adorations and conjurations" in the [[Occaneechi]] language, much "as the Catholics of all nations do their Mass in the Latin". He also stated the language was widely used as a ''lingua franca'' "understood by the chief men of many nations, as Latin is in many parts of Europe"—even though, as he says, the Occaneechis "have been but a small nation, ever since those parts were known to the English". Scholars believe that the Occaneechi spoke a [[Siouan]] dialect similar to [[Tutelo language|Tutelo]].<br />
*[[Palaic language|Palaic]] and [[Luwian language|Luwian]], cultivated as a religious language by the [[Hittites]].<br />
*[[Pali]], the original language of [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]].<br />
*Some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Latin]] prayers are retained by the [[Kakure Kirishitan]] (Hidden Christians) of Japan, who recite it without understanding the language.<br />
*[[Sant Bhasha]], a mélange of archaic [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and several other languages, is the language of the [[Sikh]] holy scripture [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref name="Dass2000">{{cite book | author=Nirmal Dass | title=Songs of Saints from Adi Granth | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZSndbFnrVIC&pg=PA13 | access-date=29 November 2012 | year=2000 | publisher=SUNY Press | isbn=978-0-7914-4684-3 | page=13 | quote = Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with one language, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit; regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahaskrit. More particularly, we find sant bhasha, Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sindhi and Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such as Purbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi.}}</ref> It is different from the various dialects of Punjabi that exist today.<br />
*[[Vedic]] & Classical [[Sanskrit]], the dialects of the [[Veda]]s and other sacred texts of [[Hinduism]] as well as the original language of several sects of early [[Buddhism]] and a language of [[Jainism]].<br />
*[[Old Church Slavonic]], also called [[Old Bulgarian]], the liturgical language of the [[Eastern Orthodox Slavs|Slavic Eastern Orthodoxy]], and the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic]] is the current liturgical language of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] and the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]] and certain [[Byzantine]] ([[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian]]) [[Eastern Catholic]] churches.<br />
*[[Sumerian language|Sumerian]], cultivated and preserved in [[Assyria]] and [[Babylon]] long after its extinction as an everyday language.<br />
*[[Syriac language|Syriac]], a dialect of [[Aramaic]], is used as a liturgical language by [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Christians]] who belong to the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], [[Assyrian Church of the East]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]], [[Syro Malabar Catholic Church]] and [[Maronite Church]].<br />
*[[Classical Tibetan]], known as ''Chhokey'' in [[Bhutan]], the sacred language of [[Tibetan Buddhism]].<br />
*Various [[Native American languages]] are cultivated for religious and ceremonial purposes by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who no longer use them in daily life.<br />
*[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] (known as [[Lucumi language|Lucumi]] in [[Cuba]]), the language of the [[Yoruba people]], brought to the [[New World]] by [[Africa]]n [[slavery|slaves]], and preserved in [[Santería]], [[Candomblé]], and other transplanted African religions. The Yoruba descendants in these communities, as well as non-descendants that have adopted one of the Yoruba-based religions in the diaspora, no longer speak any of the Yoruba dialects with any level of fluency. And the liturgical usage also reflects the compromise of the language whereby there isn't an understanding of correct grammar nor proper intonation. Spirit possession by the Yoruba deities in Cuba shows that the deity manifested in the devotee at a Cuban orisa ceremony delivers messages to the faithful in [[Bozal]], a type of Spanish-based creole with some words of Yoruba language as well as those of [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] origin with an inflection similar to the way Africans would speak as they were learning Spanish during enslavement.<br />
*[[Habla Congo]] (or ''Habla Bantu'') is a [[Kongo language|Kongo]]-based [[liturgical language]] of the [[Palo religion]] with origins in Cuba, later spreading to other countries in the [[Caribbean Basin]].<br />
*[[Early Modern English|King James English]] is the primary Liturgical Language of the [[Orthodox Church in America]], the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], and [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|ROCOR]] dioceses of America, and is used popularly among English-language parishes of other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] jurisdictions<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br /><br />
<references group=""></references></div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pillayar_Suzhi&diff=304882Pillayar Suzhi2022-02-26T14:20:56Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Pillayar circle tamil.png|thumb|Pillayar Circle Symbol]]{{Hinduism}}<br />
'''Pillayar Suzhi''' ({{Lang-ta|பிள்ளையார் சுழி}}) or [[Ganesha]] [[circle]] is sacred textual symbol usually put at the beginning of diaries, notebooks and invitations before writing anything new. It is predominant in [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian Review, Volume 65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D_jAAAAMAAJ&q=pillayar+suzhi|last1 = Natesan|first1 = G. A.|year = 1966}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Flipside of Hindu Symbolism: Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism By M. K. V. Narayan|isbn = 9781596821170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewRfp4qpvt4C&dq=pillayar+suzhi&pg=PA37|last1 = Narayan|first1 = M. K. V.|date = April 2007}}</ref>It is dedicated to God [[Ganesha]] and believed that pillaiyar suzhi is symbol of good starting for everything. It is similar to the [[Tamil script|Tamil and Malayalam letter]] உ,ഉ(u).<ref>{{cite book|title=99 Thoughts on Ganesha By Devdutt Pattanaik|isbn = 9788184951523|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wh22qvzQuowC&dq=pillaiyar+suzhi&pg=RA1-PA62-IA3|last1 = Pattanaik|first1 = Devdutt|date = 27 January 2015}}</ref> It has been followed since ancient times and mentions of it are found in [[Sangam literature|Classical Tamil literature]]. This symbol is found in all works of the sage [[Kalidasa]]. Pillaiyar is the South Indian and Tamil name for God [[Ganesha]], who is considered as the one who helps any work to get through without any obstructions. He is worshiped first with prayers for success in any event of Hindu religion irrespective of [[Hindu denominations|denominations]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Worship of Deities in Hindu Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mo8XAAAAIAAJ&q=pillayar+suzhi|last1 = Balakrishnan|first1 = Subramanya|year = 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sentence from news papaer|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Films-with-single-Tamil-letter-titles/articleshow/31790818.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sentence-It was the perfect 'pillayar suzhi' for me," he says|website=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Billa-2-a-perfect-start-for-Ajith-admirer/articleshow/33183084.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pillaiyar Suzhi Meaning in Tamil - பிள்ளையார் சுழி|url=https://www.aanmeegam.in/vinayagar/pillaiyar-suzhi/|access-date=2021-12-17|website=ஆன்மிகம்|language=ta}}</ref><br />
[[Sri Vaishnavism|Sri Vaishnavites]] believe that this “௳” sign represents Goddess [[Lakshmi|MahaLakshmi]] and it is an alternative for writing ‘shri-ஸ்ரீ-श्री’ a Sanskrit letter that means the same.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Limited|first=Alamy|title=Vaishnavite symbol, Ulagalandha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram, Kanchi, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India, Asia Stock Photo - Alamy|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-vaishnavite-symbol-ulagalandha-perumal-temple-kanchipuram-kanchi-kancheepuram-83604503.html|access-date=2021-12-14|website=www.alamy.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
{{Hinduism-stub}}{{Tamil-stub}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}{{refbegin|33em}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tamil]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu| ]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu symbols]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil languages]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Hindu literature]]<br />
[[Category:Indian culture]]<br />
[[Category:Ganesha]]<br />
[[Category:Ganesha in popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Indian iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Indian art]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu art]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil art]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pillayar_Suzhi&diff=304881Pillayar Suzhi2022-02-26T14:19:42Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Pillayar circle tamil.png|thumb|Pillayar Circle Symbol]]{{Hinduism}}'''Pillayar Suzhi''' ({{Lang-ta|பிள்ளையார் சுழி}}) or [[Ganesha]] [[circle]] is sacred textual symbol usually put at the beginning of diaries, notebooks and invitations before writing anything new. It is predominant in [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian Review, Volume 65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D_jAAAAMAAJ&q=pillayar+suzhi|last1 = Natesan|first1 = G. A.|year = 1966}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Flipside of Hindu Symbolism: Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism By M. K. V. Narayan|isbn = 9781596821170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewRfp4qpvt4C&dq=pillayar+suzhi&pg=PA37|last1 = Narayan|first1 = M. K. V.|date = April 2007}}</ref>It is dedicated to God [[Ganesha]] and believed that pillaiyar suzhi is symbol of good starting for everything. It is similar to the [[Tamil script|Tamil and Malayalam letter]] உ,ഉ(u).<ref>{{cite book|title=99 Thoughts on Ganesha By Devdutt Pattanaik|isbn = 9788184951523|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wh22qvzQuowC&dq=pillaiyar+suzhi&pg=RA1-PA62-IA3|last1 = Pattanaik|first1 = Devdutt|date = 27 January 2015}}</ref> It has been followed since ancient times and mentions of it are found in [[Sangam literature|Classical Tamil literature]]. This symbol is found in all works of the sage [[Kalidasa]]. Pillaiyar is the South Indian and Tamil name for God [[Ganesha]], who is considered as the one who helps any work to get through without any obstructions. He is worshiped first with prayers for success in any event of Hindu religion irrespective of [[Hindu denominations|denominations]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Worship of Deities in Hindu Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mo8XAAAAIAAJ&q=pillayar+suzhi|last1 = Balakrishnan|first1 = Subramanya|year = 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sentence from news papaer|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Films-with-single-Tamil-letter-titles/articleshow/31790818.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sentence-It was the perfect 'pillayar suzhi' for me," he says|website=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Billa-2-a-perfect-start-for-Ajith-admirer/articleshow/33183084.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pillaiyar Suzhi Meaning in Tamil - பிள்ளையார் சுழி|url=https://www.aanmeegam.in/vinayagar/pillaiyar-suzhi/|access-date=2021-12-17|website=ஆன்மிகம்|language=ta}}</ref><br />
[[Sri Vaishnavism|Sri Vaishnavites]] believe that this “௳” sign represents Goddess [[Lakshmi|MahaLakshmi]] and it is an alternative for writing ‘shri-ஸ்ரீ-श्री’ a Sanskrit letter that means the same.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Limited|first=Alamy|title=Vaishnavite symbol, Ulagalandha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram, Kanchi, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India, Asia Stock Photo - Alamy|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-vaishnavite-symbol-ulagalandha-perumal-temple-kanchipuram-kanchi-kancheepuram-83604503.html|access-date=2021-12-14|website=www.alamy.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
{{Hinduism-stub}}{{Tamil-stub}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}{{refbegin|33em}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tamil]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu| ]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu symbols]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil languages]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Hindu literature]]<br />
[[Category:Indian culture]]<br />
[[Category:Ganesha]]<br />
[[Category:Ganesha in popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Indian iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Indian art]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu art]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil art]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pillayar_Suzhi&diff=304880Pillayar Suzhi2022-02-26T14:18:55Z<p>Tamil123: Created page with "Pillayar Circle Symbol{{Hinduism}}'''Pillayar Suzhi'''({{Lang-ta|பிள்ளையார் சுழி}}) or Ganesha circle is sacred textual symbol usually put at the beginning of diaries, notebooks and invitations before writing anything new. It is predominant in South India and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian Review, Volume 65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D_jAAAAMAAJ&q=pillayar+suzhi|..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Pillayar circle tamil.png|thumb|Pillayar Circle Symbol]]{{Hinduism}}'''Pillayar Suzhi'''({{Lang-ta|பிள்ளையார் சுழி}}) or [[Ganesha]] [[circle]] is sacred textual symbol usually put at the beginning of diaries, notebooks and invitations before writing anything new. It is predominant in [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian Review, Volume 65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D_jAAAAMAAJ&q=pillayar+suzhi|last1 = Natesan|first1 = G. A.|year = 1966}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Flipside of Hindu Symbolism: Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism By M. K. V. Narayan|isbn = 9781596821170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewRfp4qpvt4C&dq=pillayar+suzhi&pg=PA37|last1 = Narayan|first1 = M. K. V.|date = April 2007}}</ref>It is dedicated to God [[Ganesha]] and believed that pillaiyar suzhi is symbol of good starting for everything. It is similar to the [[Tamil script|Tamil and Malayalam letter]] உ,ഉ(u).<ref>{{cite book|title=99 Thoughts on Ganesha By Devdutt Pattanaik|isbn = 9788184951523|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wh22qvzQuowC&dq=pillaiyar+suzhi&pg=RA1-PA62-IA3|last1 = Pattanaik|first1 = Devdutt|date = 27 January 2015}}</ref> It has been followed since ancient times and mentions of it are found in [[Sangam literature|Classical Tamil literature]]. This symbol is found in all works of the sage [[Kalidasa]]. Pillaiyar is the South Indian and Tamil name for God [[Ganesha]], who is considered as the one who helps any work to get through without any obstructions. He is worshiped first with prayers for success in any event of Hindu religion irrespective of [[Hindu denominations|denominations]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Worship of Deities in Hindu Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mo8XAAAAIAAJ&q=pillayar+suzhi|last1 = Balakrishnan|first1 = Subramanya|year = 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sentence from news papaer|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Films-with-single-Tamil-letter-titles/articleshow/31790818.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sentence-It was the perfect 'pillayar suzhi' for me," he says|website=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Billa-2-a-perfect-start-for-Ajith-admirer/articleshow/33183084.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pillaiyar Suzhi Meaning in Tamil - பிள்ளையார் சுழி|url=https://www.aanmeegam.in/vinayagar/pillaiyar-suzhi/|access-date=2021-12-17|website=ஆன்மிகம்|language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Sri Vaishnavism|Sri Vaishnavites]] believe that this “௳” sign represents Goddess [[Lakshmi|MahaLakshmi]] and it is an alternative for writing ‘shri-ஸ்ரீ-श्री’ a Sanskrit letter that means the same.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Limited|first=Alamy|title=Vaishnavite symbol, Ulagalandha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram, Kanchi, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India, Asia Stock Photo - Alamy|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-vaishnavite-symbol-ulagalandha-perumal-temple-kanchipuram-kanchi-kancheepuram-83604503.html|access-date=2021-12-14|website=www.alamy.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
{{Hinduism-stub}}{{Tamil-stub}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}{{refbegin|33em}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tamil]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu| ]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu symbols]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil languages]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Hindu literature]]<br />
[[Category:Indian culture]]<br />
[[Category:Ganesha]]<br />
[[Category:Ganesha in popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Indian iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Indian art]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu art]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil art]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amrita_Vidyalayam&diff=304879Amrita Vidyalayam2022-02-26T14:17:29Z<p>Tamil123: Created page with "{{Short description|Group of CBSE schools in India}}{{Infobox school | name = Amrita Vidyalayam | native_name = अमृता विद्यालयम् | logo = Amrita-Vidyalayam school.png | motto = Excellence in everything | county = {{flag|India}} | schooltype = Non-profit | fundingtype = Private Unaided | established = 1987..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Group of CBSE schools in India}}{{Infobox school<br />
| name = Amrita Vidyalayam<br />
| native_name = अमृता विद्यालयम्<br />
| logo = Amrita-Vidyalayam school.png<br />
| motto = Excellence in everything<br />
| county = {{flag|India}}<br />
| schooltype = Non-profit<br />
| fundingtype = Private Unaided<br />
| established = 1987<br />
| founder = [[Mata Amritanandamayi]]<br />
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]<br />
| educational_authority = [[Ministry_of_Education_(India)#Department_of_School_Education_and_Literacy|Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education, Government of India]]<br />
| category = Senior Secondary<br />
| president = Br. Matrudas Chaitanya<br />
| key_people = [[Mata Amritanandamayi]]<br />
| grades = KG to class12<br />
| gender = co-educational<br />
| system = CBSE-based, Value-based<br />
| language = English<br />
| campuses = 90+ (across India)<br />
| campus_type = Urban, Rural<br />
| houses = {{color box|Red}} Amritamayi (Immortal)<br/>{{color box|Blue}} Anandamayi (Happiness)<br/>{{color box|Yellow}} Chinmayi (Purity)<br/>{{color box|Green}} Jyothirmayi (Brightness)<br />
| slogan = Shraddhavan Labhate Gyanam (earnest aspirant gains supreme wisdom)<br />
| athletics = Yes<br />
| sports = Yes<br />
| affiliation = [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]]<br />
| website = http://amritavidyalayam.org/<br />
}}'''Amrita Vidyalayams''' are a group of CBSE schools run and managed by the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]] founded by [[Mata Amritanandamayi]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 17, 2018|title=amrita vidyalayam school: 10% of LKG seats in a private school to be filled up under govt quota|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/10-of-lkg-seats-in-a-pvt-school-to-be-filled-up-under-govt-quota/articleshow/63338150.cms|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> There are more than 90<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vidyalayam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu|url=http://amritavidyalayamthanjavur.com/|access-date=2022-02-16|website=amritavidyalayamthanjavur.com}}</ref> English medium, [[Mixed-sex education|co-educational]], Senior Secondary schools affiliated to [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] throughout India out of which more than 30 are in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Schools and Location {{!}} Amrita Vidyalayam|url=http://amritavidyalayam.org/schools-and-location/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=amritavidyalayam.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vidyalayam, Vettuvapalayam, Tiruppur: Admission, Fee, Facilities, Affiliation|url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/amrita-vidyalayam-vettuvapalayam-tiruppur|access-date=2022-02-12|website=school.careers360.com|language=en}}</ref> It is one of the leading schools with 100 per cent pass in [[All India Secondary School Examination]] and [[All India Senior School Certificate Examination]] in consecutive years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita, Global among Kochi schools with 100 per cent pass|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2017/may/30/amrita-global-among-kochi-schools-with-100-per-cent-pass-1610606.html|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 4, 2021|title=CBSE Class X results: 100% pass for most schools in Ernakulam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/100-pass-for-most-schools-in-dist/articleshow/85017481.cms|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-27|title=CBSE schools in Malabar fare well|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270518/cbse-schools-in-malabar-fare-well.html|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-07-31|title=Thiruvananthapuram schools fare well in CBSE Class XII exams|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/city-schools-fare-well-in-cbse-class-xii-exams/article35642433.ece|access-date=2022-02-12|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> They emphasize on value-based education, sports, extra curricular activities and excellence in Olympiads and competitive exams.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vidyalayam: Taking the guru-shishya parampara ahead|url=https://news.careers360.com/amrita-vidyalayam-taking-guru-shishya-parampara-ahead|access-date=2022-02-12|website=news.careers360.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-21|title=Amrita Vidyalayam’s Students Win UNESCO’s National level Creative Competition, H2Ooooh for spreading Awareness about Water Conservation|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/amrita-vidyalayams-students-win-unescos-national-level-creative-competition-h2ooooh-for-spreading-awareness-about-water-conservation/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vidyalayam & GK Shetty Vivekananda Vidyalaya emerge victors - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2016/nov/07/amrita-vidyalayam--gk-shetty-vivekananda-vidyalaya-emerge-victors-1535776.amp|access-date=2022-02-16|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=2 students win UNESCO’s national-level competition H2Ooooh for spreading awareness about water conservation|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/2-students-win-unescos-national-level-competition-h2ooooh-for-spreading-awareness-about-water-conservation-327592|access-date=2022-02-16|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Desi answer to SHAREit? Here's how students from Chennai's Amrita Vidyalayam developed an app that can transfer files without using pen drives, Google Drive|url=https://www.edexlive.com/happening/2020/nov/24/heres-how-students-from-chennais-amrita-vidyalayam-developed-an-app-that-can-transfer-files-easily-16058.html|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Edex Live|language=en}}</ref> It provides coaching for [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET-UG]], [[Joint Entrance Examination – Main|JEE Main]], [[Central Universities Common Entrance Test|CU-CET]], Olympiads and other competitive exams by it's online learning platform [[Amrita Learning|Amrita Edge]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-22|title=News from the world of Education: April 22, 2021|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/news-from-the-world-of-education-april-22-2021/article34383197.ece|access-date=2022-02-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vidyalayam, Ettimadai {{!}} Admission 2022, Fees, Reviews - CBSE Coed School|url=https://www.schoolmykids.com/school/amrita-vidyalayam-ettimadai-coimbatore-tamil-nadu-india-s10016548|access-date=2022-02-25|website=SchoolMyKids|language=en}}</ref><br />
==History==<br />
The school was founded in 1987 by humanitarian leader [[Mata Amritanandamayi]] as a primary English medium school at Kodungallur, Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-25|title=News from the world of education: January 25, 2022|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/information-on-webinars-development-programmes-panel-discussions-and-other-events/article38323037.ece|access-date=2022-02-12|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mata Amritanandamayi Column {{!}} How to use your head and heart|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/spirituality/2022/jan/30/mata-amritanandamayi-column-how-to-use-your-head-and-heart-2412067.html|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} Amrita Vidyalayam|url=http://amritavidyalayam.org/vidyalayams-best-top-schools/history/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=amritavidyalayam.org|language=en-US}}</ref> Later It has improved and now it is a unit of more than 90 schools spread across India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of AV Schools|url=https://avnavimumbai.com/history-of-av-schools/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Amrita Vidyalayam|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vidyalayam Archives|url=https://www.amritapuri.org/on/amrita-vidyalayam|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Amma, Mata Amritanandamayi Devi|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vidyalayam, Bangalore {{!}} About Us {{!}} Our School Overview|url=https://amritavidyalayamblr.edu.in/about-amrita.shtml|access-date=2022-02-14|website=amritavidyalayamblr.edu.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
The school also provides scholarships for students from economically poor families.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 17, 2018|title=amrita vidyalayam school: 10% of LKG seats in a private school to be filled up under govt quota|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/puducherry/10-of-lkg-seats-in-a-pvt-school-to-be-filled-up-under-govt-quota/articleshow/63338150.cms|access-date=2022-02-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham]]<br />
*[[Mata Amritanandamayi]]<br />
*[[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]]<br />
*[[Amritapuri]]<br />
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://amritavidyalayam.org/ Amrita Vidyalayam group of schools]<br />
==References==<br />
<references />{{School education in India|state=collapsed}}{{India-school-stub}}</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amrita_College_of_Engineering_%26_Technology&diff=304878Amrita College of Engineering & Technology2022-02-26T14:16:10Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div>{{About|college in Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu|seven-campus multi-disiplinary private University run by [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]]|Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham}}{{short description|Private education college in Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu, India}}{{Short description|College in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{primary sources|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Amrita College of Engineering & Technology<br />
| image = <br />
| established = 1999<br />
| endowment = <br />
| head_label = <br />
| head = <br />
| students = <br />
| undergrad = <br />
| postgrad = <br />
| address = Amritagiri, Erachakulam Post<br />
| city = Eracha Kulam<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| postcode = 629901<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|8.2230|77.4135|display=title,inline}}<br />
| motto = To Life Through Light<br />
| type = [[Private school|Private]]<br />
| chairman = K.S.Ramasubban IAS (Retd.)<br />
| principal = R.K.Suresh (ACET), T.Ganesan (polytechnic)<br />
| director = R.K.Suresh<br />
| staff = <br />
| campus = <br />
| website = {{url|1=www.amrita.edu.in/?q=acet}}<br />
| language = <br />
| colors = <!--or, colours= --><br />
| athletics = <br />
| sports = <br />
| athletics_nickname = <!--or, sports_nickname= --><br />
| affiliations = [[Anna University]]<br />
| logo = <br />
| logo_size = <br />
| logo_alt = <br />
| footnotes =<br />
<br />
}}<br />
'''Amrita College of Engineering & Technology''' ('''ACET'''), formerly '''Sun College of Engineering''', is an [[engineering college]] located in [[Nagercoil]] in [[Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu]], India. It was established by the ACP education trust, Nagercoil in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the College |url=http://www.sunedu.ac.in/eng_about.html |website=sunedu.ac.in |access-date=22 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329013445/http://www.sunedu.ac.in/eng_about.html |archive-date=29 March 2010}}</ref> It was acquired by Amrita Institutions and renamed in 2018. The college is managed by [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]]{{when|date=June 2018}}<br />
==Campus==<br />
It is located {{cvt|7|km|spell=in}} north-west of Main-town [[Nagercoil]], at Erachakulam. The college campus spans over {{convert|110|acre|km2}}. The total built up area over {{cvt|50,000|m2}} of the institution includes accommodating lecture halls, laboratories, staff rooms, libraries and workshop.<br />
==List of institutions==<br />
The institute contains an engineering college, a polytechnic college and a college of education for women. The college of engineering is approved by [[AICTE]], [[New Delhi]] and affiliated to [[Anna University]], [[Chennai]] offering five full-time undergraduate and two full-time postgraduate engineering programmes and management studies to students. BE/BTech admissions for Govt. quota seats are filled as per government of Tamil Nadu norms through TNEA(Tamil Nadu Engineering Admissions) counselling conducted by the Anna University and the management quota seats are filled through regulated management seat procedures done by the Consortium of Private Self Financing Arts, Science and Engineering Colleges. In every course, 65% of the seats are filled through counselling and 35% of the seats by management quota.<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Education in India]]<br />
*[[Literacy in India]]<br />
*[[List of institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{official|http://www.amrita.edu.in/}}<br />
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Amrita+Institute+of+Technology/@8.2299293,77.4135483,351m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m8!1m2!2m1!1sAmrita+College+of+Engineering+%26+Technology!3m4!1s0x3b04f12c00000001:0x8c485f52f39feebf!8m2!3d8.230501!4d77.4139498|title= Amrita College of Engineering & Technology}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Education}}<br />
{{District of Kanyakumari}}<br />
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amrita College of Engineering and Technology}}<br />
[[Category:Private engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Anna University]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kanyakumari district]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1999]]<br />
[[Category:1999 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{TamilNadu-university-stub}}</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amrita_College_of_Education&diff=304877Amrita College of Education2022-02-26T14:15:13Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div>{{About|college in Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu|seven-campus multi-disiplinary private University run by [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]]|Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham}}{{short description|Private education college in Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu, India}}{{short description|Private education college in Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{Unreferenced|date=September 2011}}<br />
{{Cleanup|reason = general bad writing and grammar mistakes, excessive use of bullets|date=May 2015}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox university|<br />
name = Amrita College of Education|<br />
motto = இருள் நீக்கி, ஒளி நோக்கி |<br />
motto_lang = ta<br />
mottoeng = Leading from Darkness to Light |<br />
established = 2006|<br />
type = [[Private university|Private]] |<br />
director = Dr.Madhava Bharathi |<br />
students = 100 [[B.Ed.]]|<br />
faculty = 10 full-time|<br />
campus = 26 acres|<br />
city = [[Tiruppattur, Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]]|<br />
state = [[Tamil Nadu]] |<br />
country = [[India]] |<br />
coor = {{Coord|22.624123|75.795579|type:edu|display=inline}}|<br />
affiliations = [http://www.tnteu.in Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University]|<br />
website = http://amritacetpt.in/<br />
}}<br />
'''Amrita College of Education''' ({{lang-ta|அமிர்தா கல்வியியல் கல்லூரி}}) is a private, self-financed teacher education college established and maintained by Amritalaya Educational Charitable Trust, [[Tiruppattur, Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]] in 2006, recognized by the '[[National Council for Teacher Education]]'.<br />
<br />
It is one of the 661 Teachers Education colleges in Tamil Nadu, offering [[B.Ed]] Degree course and affiliated to the '[[Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University]]' Chennai, Tamil Nadu.<br />
==History ==<br />
Amritalaya Educational Charitable Trust and the institutions established there under are the brain children of Dr. Madhava Bharathi (Founder, and Director), an ardent devotee of Mata Amritanandamayi Devi, popularly known as Amma. He, along with Lion. Mr. A.Kushal Chand Jain, (Co-founder and Secretary) and eleven other devoted members (Board of Trustees) found the Trust in 2005. Later in 2006, Amrita College of Education was established under the Trust.<br />
<br />
The college was affiliated to the [[Thiruvalluvar University]] until the year 2007. Now it is affiliated with the [[Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University]] Chennai, established in 2008 by enacting an Act by the State [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] ( Act No.(33) of 2008 ).<br />
=== Timeline ===<br />
* 2005: Establishment of the Amritalaya Educational Charitable Trust<br />
* 2006: Establishment of the Amrita College of Education<br />
== Courses ==<br />
* B.Ed., Degree Course<br />
==Campus Life and Extracurricular==<br />
* Seminars and symposiums are regularly conducted for knowledge enrichment and to develop competencies among faculties and students.<br />
* State-of-art E-Learning facilities <br />
* Notable personalities like [[Perumal Rasu]], Dr. Madhava Bharathi, Dr.Prof: Ratna Natarajan, Dr.K.Anandan, Dr. Natarajan and many other academicians and eminent persons take sessions periodically, during the yearly workshops focusing on academic, spiritual, interpersonal values, social values and personality development of the students and staff<br />
* Quality Enhancement Camps are conducted periodically for the staff and students.<br />
==Motto==<br />
"Thamaso Ma Jyothirgamaya" ({{lang-sa|तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय}}) – 'Lead us from Darkness to Light' is the motto of the college<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tnteu.in 'Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, Chennai' ]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120126113645/http://www.tnteu.in/college.asp 'List of Teacher Education Colleges in Tamil Nadu affiliated with TNTEU' ]<br />
{{Higher education in India}}<br />
[[Category:Colleges of education in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Vellore district]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2006]]<br />
[[Category:2006 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uthiyur&diff=304876Uthiyur2022-02-26T14:07:04Z<p>Tamil123: created page from wiki</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Historical Town in Tamil Nadu, India}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Uthiyur<br />
| official_name = <i>Ūthiyūr</i><br />
| settlement_type = Historical Town<br />
| image_alt = Uthiyur Hills<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Tamil Nadu|Region]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = [[Tiruppur District|Taluk]]<br />
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kangeyam taluk|Kangeyam]]<br />
| population_total = 3500<br />
| postal_code = 638703<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|10|53|55|N|77|31|41|E}}<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]]<br />
| population_demonym = Uthiyurian<br />
| government_type = [[Town panchayat]]<br />
| pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu<br />
| elevation_m = 305<br />
| map_caption = Uthiyur, [[Tiruppur District]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| native_name_lang = ta<br />
| native_name = ஊதியூர்<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Postal Code]]<br />
| demographics2_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]]<br />
| demographics2_title1 = Minority<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Indian English|English]]<br />
| nickname = Ponnuthi Malai<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| named_for = <i>Poṉṉūthi Hills, Uttaṇṭa Vēlāyutha Sāmy Kōvil, Koṅguṉa siddhar caves</i><br />
| other_name = <i>Poṉṉūthi hills</i><br />
| area_code = 04257, 04258<br />
| utc_offset = +5.30<br />
}}'''Uthiyur''' ({{Lang-ta|ஊதியூர்|links=yes|translit=Ūthiyūr}} ''or'' ''Uthiyoor'') is a small town in [[Kangeyam taluk]] of [[Tiruppur district]] in south Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Uthiyur,+Tamil+Nadu+638703/@10.8970497,77.5260504,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3ba9bd2551770233:0xdf079bcf77b8df87!8m2!3d10.8927873!4d77.5278741?shorturl=1|access-date=2021-04-30|website=Uthiyur|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Located in foothills of ''Poṉṉūthi hills,'' this town serves as a tourist attraction for its Millennium-old <i>Uttaṇṭa Vēlāyudha Sāmy</i> Temple<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple : Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple Details {{!}} Uthanda Velayutha Swami- Uthiyur {{!}} Tamil Nadu Temple {{!}} உத்தண்ட வேலாயுத சுவாமி|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1547|access-date=2021-05-14|website=temple.dinamalar.com}}</ref> and abode of ''Koṅguṉa siddhar''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Konganar Chithar Temple · Kangayam - Dharapuram Rd, Uthiyur, Tamil Nadu 638703, India|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Konganar+Chithar+Temple/@10.8970497,77.5260504,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3ba9bd7b3bd6df63:0x11c7bb0fa25ed3d4!8m2!3d10.8969781!4d77.5283664?shorturl=1|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Konganar Chithar Temple · Kangayam - Dharapuram Rd, Uthiyur, Tamil Nadu 638703, India|language=en}}</ref> It is one of the famous [[Murugan]] temples in [[Kongu Nadu]] which has got [[Thiruppugazh]] sung by [[Arunagirinathar]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-21|title=கொங்கு மண்டலத்தில் மட்டும் எப்படி இத்தனை முருகன் கோவில்கள்|url=https://tamilminutes.com/spirituality/murugan-temple-kongu-areas/cid1255306.htm|access-date=2021-08-23|website=tamilminutes.com}}</ref> The town is located in [[State Highway 83A (Tamil Nadu)]] which connects Erode and Palani. It is 14&nbsp;km away from [[Kangeyam]], 18&nbsp;km away from [[Dharapuram]], 24&nbsp;km from [[Vellakoil]], 38&nbsp;km from its district headquarter [[Tiruppur]] and 60&nbsp;km from [[Erode]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Uthiyur Malai/ஊதியூர் மலை இன்று ஒரு பயணம்|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3BwPPnF42c|language=en|access-date=2021-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur, Tiruppur {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ|url=https://geoiq.io/places/Uthiyur/WtaQZ1Hw2q|access-date=2021-07-19|website=geoiq.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Madras (India : State)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CYvHGtr6dZUC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Uthiyur&q=Uthiyur&hl=en|title=Fort Saint George Gazette|date=October 1964|language=en}}</ref><br />
==Etymology==<br />
The town got its name as it is the place where [[Kartikeya|Lord Murugan]] arose due to the use of herbs and blow the smoke for the benefit of the people. Blowing is called '<nowiki/>''Uuthi''<nowiki/>'(ஊதி) in Tamil.<ref>{{Citation|title=Kongana Siddhar Mystery - சித்தர்களை தேடி ஒரு பயணம் {{!}} Karna {{!}} Tamilnavigation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teu_MZ_7QmA|language=en|access-date=2021-05-15}}</ref> There is an ancient hill named ''<nowiki/>'Poṉṉūthi''' in this town. It is also known as ''Poṉṉūdhimalai'' (பொன்னூதி மலை) and it is where great sage Konguna Siddhar stayed and made fire.<br />
==Mythology==<br />
The famous mythology about the Uthiyur hills is based on Hindu epic [[Ramayana]]. During the great [[Ramayana]] war between [[Rama]] and [[Ravana]] in [[Ceylon]], Rama's brother [[Lakshmana]] was struck by an arrow sent by [[Ravana]] and he almost died. So to cure him, [[Jambavan]] asked [[Hanuman]] to get a [[Sanjeevani (plant)|Sanjeevani herb]] from the [[Himalayan Range]] between Taurus and [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] peaks and Hanuman followed it. But he could not find the herb in the particular place on the mountain between the 2 peaks. So frustrated he felt like breaking the mountain into pieces. But he suddenly had the idea to lift the whole mountain and take it to [[Jambavan]], and he did. When he flew the entire length of India from the [[Himalayas]] to [[Ceylon|Sri Lanka]] a few parts of the mountain fell in several places along the length. One of them was in Uthiyur hills named as ''Poṉṉūthi malai'', where the '''Sage Konkana Siddhar''', one of the [[Siddhar|18 Siddhar]] meditated in a small cave at the top of the hill. As soon as Hanuman left, Jambavan took the [[Sanjeevani (plant)|Sanjeevani herb]] from the hill and gave its juice to the entire battalion and saved everyone's life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chetti Thambiran Temple & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://www.blogarama.com/travel-blogs/147344-hill-temples-blog/38000934-chetti-thambiran-temple-konganar-siddhar-samadhi-karur-tamil-nadu|access-date=2021-10-01|website=www.blogarama.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur|url=http://stringfixer.com/fr/Uthiyur|access-date=2021-10-01|website=stringfixer.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The hill, to this day, contains all the medicinal plants including [[Sanjeevani (plant)|Sanjeevani herb]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=கொங்கண சித்தர்|url=https://tamilandvedas.com/tag/%e0%ae%95%e0%af%8a%e0%ae%99%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%a3-%e0%ae%9a%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%8d/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Tamil and Vedas|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Subramonian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzTwCgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT135&dq=ramayana+uthiyur&hl=en|title=Professor’s Diary|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-93-5206-518-9|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Due to presence of many medicinal plants it is called as '''Sanjeevi Hill of South.'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=100010509524078|date=2020-06-16|title=ஊதிமலை உத்தண்ட வேலாயுதசுவாமி திருத்தலம் {{!}}{{!}} othimalai velayutha swamy temple|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2020/06/16074052/1617898/othimalai-velayutha-swamy-temple.vpf|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Maalaimalar|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ஊதியூர் மலை – சரவணன் அன்பே சிவம்|url=https://tsaravanan.com/%e0%ae%8a%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%af%e0%af%82%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%ae%e0%ae%b2%e0%af%88/|access-date=2021-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
==History==<br />
Uthiyur was in Dharapuram Tehsil of [[Coimbatore district]] of [[Madras Presidency]] during British rule.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7oQAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Uthiyur&q=Uthiyur&hl=en|title=Minutes of Several Conversations at the ... Yearly Conference of the People Called Methodists ...|date=1897|language=en}}</ref><br />
==Geography==<br />
Uthiyur is located in [https://www.google.com/maps/search/10%C2%B053%E2%80%B255%E2%80%B3N+77%C2%B031%E2%80%B241%E2%80%B3E 10°53′55"N 77°31′41"E] at an average elevation of 305&nbsp;m (1000&nbsp;ft). The town has a semi fort by using 3 side hills as a wall and other side built with large stones as like wall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur Hills|url=http://wikimapia.org/444712/Uthiyur-Hills|access-date=2021-07-19|website=wikimapia.org|language=en}}</ref><br />
===Climate===<br />
In Uthiyur, the wet season is oppressive and overcast, the dry season is humid and partly cloudy, and it is hot year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 70&nbsp;°F to 98&nbsp;°F and is rarely below 65&nbsp;°F or above 103&nbsp;°F.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weather in Uthiyur, Tamil Nadu - Accuweather|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/in/uthiyur/2808548/weather-forecast/2808548|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
===Flora and fauna===<br />
The hills have rich biodiversity of Plants and Animals including [[Fox]]es, [[Monkey]]s, [[Pig]]s, [[Deer]], [[Wild boar]], [[Wild Dogs]], [[Cows]] and lots of other [[Reptile]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=100010509524078|date=2021-07-07|title=வனப்பகுதியில் தண்ணீர் தொட்டி இல்லாததால் தவிக்கும் வனவிலங்குகள் {{!}}{{!}} Wildlife suffering due to lack of water tank in the forest|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/district/2021/07/07123213/2803845/Wildlife-suffering-due-to-lack-of-water-tank-in-the.vpf|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Maalaimalar|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=கூண்டில் சிக்கிய அரிய வகை மர நாய்|url=https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2019/jan/07/கூண்டில்-சிக்கிய-அரிய-வகை-மர-நாய்-3072038.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Dinamani|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-16|title=அரிய வகை தேவாங்கு வனத்துறையிடம் ஒப்படைப்பு|url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=2257441|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Dinamalar}}</ref> The hills is under control of [[Anamalai Tiger Reserve]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=காங்கயம்: குடியிருப்பில் புகுந்த பாம்பைப் பிடித்த தீயணைப்பு வீரர்கள்|url=https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2021/mar/19/kangayam-firefighters-caught-a-snake-inside-the-apartment-3585422.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Dinamani|language=ta}}</ref><br />
==Demographics==<br />
This region had a population of 3500 people according to [[2011 Census of India]].<br />
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[[Hinduism]] is the predominant religion in this region accounting for more than 95% of the population. [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is the official language of the panchayat town along with [[English language|English]]. The dialect of Tamil spoken here is [[Kongu Tamil]]. [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]] are minority languages spoken among migrant labours and tourists.<br />
==Economy==<br />
[[Agriculture]], [[Pastoral farming]], [[Business]] is predominant economy here. It is small economic hub with presence of many [[Manufacturing]], [[Mining]], [[Textile]], [[Coir]], Jute,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Engineers|first=NIIR Board of Consultants &|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8YWBQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA242&dq=Uthiyur&hl=en|title=The Complete Book on Jute & Coir Products (with Cultivation & Processing): How to Start a Jute and coir production business, How to start coir industry, How to Start Jute and coir Processing Industry in India|date=2014-10-27|publisher=Niir Project Consultancy Services|isbn=978-93-81039-62-5|language=en}}</ref> [[Dairy]] industries, Electric power stations and many other units around this region providing jobs for people in this region as well attract North Indians labours.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ|url=https://geoiq.io/places/Uthiyur/Village|access-date=2021-04-24|website=geoiq.io|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hatsun Agro Product Commences Commercial Production Of Milk At Uthiyur Plant, In Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/hatsun-agro-product-commences-commercial-production-of-milk-at-uthiyur-plant-in-tamil-nadu-7158371.html|access-date=2021-07-14|website=Moneycontrol|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hatsun Agro Product commences commercial production of milk at Uthiyur plant, in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/hatsun-agro-product-commences-commercial-production-of-milk-at-uthiyur-plant-in-tamil-nadu/2119000|access-date=2021-07-19|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gainers & Losers: 10 Stocks That Moved Most On July 12|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/photos/business/stocks/gainers-losers-10-stocks-that-moved-most-on-july-12-7160311.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Moneycontrol|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2021-07-07|title=Four held for pelting bus with stones near Kangeyam|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/four-held-for-pelting-bus-with-stones-near-kangeyam/article35181090.ece|access-date=2021-07-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Electric Tumble Dryer|url=https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/electric-tumble-dryer-5744929433.html|access-date=2021-08-01|website=indiamart.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HAP - Welcome to Hatsun Agro Product Ltd - India's leading private dairy|url=https://www.hap.in/processing.php|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.hap.in}}</ref> The town also houses Hatsun Agro Plant in Kundadam road.<ref>{{Cite web|title=hatsun New Plant · VGJF+29J, Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu 638703, India|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/hatsun+New+Plant/@10.8824684,77.5121029,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3ba9bd18e71b509b:0x2fd16439b42345d4!8m2!3d10.8800894!4d77.523401?shorturl=1|access-date=2021-08-01|website=hatsun New Plant · VGJF+29J, Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu 638703, India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Hatsun Agro plant is working in land belonging to Velayudha samy temple.<ref>{{Cite web|last=குழு|first=ஆசிரியர்|date=2019-02-07|title=கோயில் நிலத்தைக் காக்கப் போராடும் தனியொருவர்!|url=https://www.tamilhindu.com/2019/02/கோயில்-நிலத்தைக்-காக்கப/|access-date=2021-08-23|website=தமிழ்ஹிந்து|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-21|title=கொங்கு மண்டலத்தில் மட்டும் எப்படி இத்தனை முருகன் கோவில்கள்|url=https://tamilminutes.com/spirituality/murugan-temple-kongu-areas/cid1255306.htm|access-date=2021-08-23|website=tamilminutes.com}}</ref><br />
==Politics==<br />
This small town belongs to [[Kangayam (state assembly constituency)|Kangayam state assembly constituency]] and [[Erode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erode Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jan 2021|first1=ANI {{!}} 24|last2=Ist|first2=09:00 Pm|title=Tamil Nadu polls 2021: Rahul Gandhi holds roadshow in Uthiyur|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-polls-2021-rahul-gandhi-holds-roadshow-in-uthiyur/videoshow/80436434.cms|access-date=2021-07-19|website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=டீம்|first=ஜூனியர் விகடன்|title=என்ன செய்தார் எம்.எல்.ஏ? - அமைச்சர் வெல்லமண்டி நடராஜன்|url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/politics/mlas-activities-of-5-years-minister-vellamandi-natarajan|access-date=2021-08-23|website=www.vikatan.com/|language=ta}}</ref>Most common political parties here are [[ADMK|AIADMK]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], [[BJP]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rahul Gandhi holds roadshow in TN's Uthiyur {{!}} City - Times of India Videos|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/city/chennai/rahul-gandhi-holds-roadshow-in-tns-uthiyur/videoshow/80437678.cms|access-date=2021-07-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=TK|first=Smitha|date=2021-07-16|title=BJP Stakes Claim Over AIADMK’S Kongu Nadu. Will Alliance Equations Change in TN?|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/bjp-claim-aiadmk-kongu-nadu-aiadmk-alliance-equations-dmk-caste|access-date=2021-10-01|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-14|title=Kongu Nadu: What it is and why political parties in Tamil Nadu are miffed with BJP|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/in-tamil-nadu-bjp-touches-a-raw-nerve-by-making-passing-reference-to-kongu-nadu-9805261.html|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-14|title=Kongu Nadu: What it is and why political parties in Tamil Nadu are miffed with BJP|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/in-tamil-nadu-bjp-touches-a-raw-nerve-by-making-passing-reference-to-kongu-nadu-9805261.html|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref><br />
==Landmarks==<br />
There are many [[Hindu temple|temples]] across the wide Uthiyur hills maintained by [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. Few important ones are Uthanda Velayudhasamy Temple, Chetti Thambiran Temple and Uchi Pilayar Temple. There are electricity, drinking water and roads with bilingual sign boards facilities for temples in the hills.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Moondravathu Kan {{!}} [Epi - 252]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0eYRTTGibw|language=en|access-date=2021-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur Velayudhaswamy Murugan Temple|url=https://epuja.co.in/product-details.php?puja_id=726&page=Uthiyur-Velayudhaswamy-Murugan-Temple|access-date=2021-07-24|website=ePuja|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Uthiyur Murugan Temple|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XIoa-44Rfs|language=en|access-date=2021-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ponsai Shri Shiva Temple, Kidarankondan (PO), Kilaiyur, Tamil Nadu, Phone +91 94430 04099|url=https://indiapl.com/tamil-nadu/ponsai-shri-shiva-temple-297499|access-date=2021-08-01|website=indiapl.com}}</ref><br />
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Located here is the shrine of [[Kartikeya|Lord Murugan]], the holy place where classical Tamil poet Arunagirinathar sung [[Thiruppugazh]](106). Ancient symbols and sculptures are found on this hill depicting the culture of the [[Hindus]] and [[Tamils]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple : Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple Details {{!}} Uthanda Velayutha Swami- Uthiyur {{!}} Tamilnadu Temple {{!}} உத்தண்ட வேலாயுத சுவாமி|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1547|access-date=2021-05-14|website=temple.dinamalar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Subramonian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzTwCgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT136&dq=Uthiyur&hl=en|title=Professor’s Diary|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-93-5206-518-9|language=en}}</ref>Various archeological sculptures around the hill bear historical pride.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-04-30}}</ref> Archeological researches found the clay pipes which Konguna siddhar used to make gold still exists here.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple : Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple Details {{!}} Uthanda Velayutha Swami- Uthiyur {{!}} Tamilnadu Temple {{!}} உத்தண்ட வேலாயுத சுவாமி|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1547|access-date=2021-05-14|website=temple.dinamalar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=காமராஜ்|first=மு ஹரி|title=சித்தர்கள் உலாவும் பொன்னூதி மாமலை...|url=https://www.vikatan.com/spiritual/temples/145043-pon-uthiyur-konganar-cave-siddhars|access-date=2021-05-14|website=www.vikatan.com/|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Moondravathu Kan {{!}} [Epi - 252]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0eYRTTGibw|language=en|access-date=2021-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Kongana Siddhar Mystery - சித்தர்களை தேடி ஒரு பயணம் {{!}} Karna {{!}} Tamilnavigation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teu_MZ_7QmA|language=en|access-date=2021-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur Velayudhaswamy Murugan Temple|url=https://epuja.co.in/product-details.php?puja_id=726&page=Uthiyur-Velayudhaswamy-Murugan-Temple|access-date=2021-07-24|website=ePuja|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Subramonian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzTwCgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT136&dq=Uthiyur&hl=en|title=Professor’s Diary|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-93-5206-518-9|language=en}}</ref><br />
===Uthanda Velayudha Samy Temple===<br />
Uthanda Velayudasamy Temple is the main shrine in the town built in [[dravidian architecture]] dedicated to [[Lord Murugan]] in hills. It attracts thousands of visitors across the district.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple : Uthanda Velayutha Swami Temple Details {{!}} Uthanda Velayutha Swami- Uthiyur {{!}} Tamilnadu Temple {{!}} உத்தண்ட வேலாயுத சுவாமி|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1547|access-date=2021-08-01|website=temple.dinamalar.com}}</ref> It has lots of ancient [[Religious text|scriptures]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] found by [[archaeologists]] dating to 9th century CE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archaeology|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/inscription/book?page=157|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.tnarch.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Archaeology|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/inscription/book?page=158|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.tnarch.gov.in}}</ref> It is located in flight of 100 steps from the ground.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Subramonian|first=Dr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hYwEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT20&dq=Uthiyur&hl=en|title=Secret of Shiva Linga|date=2021-04-04|publisher=Pustaka Digital Media|language=en}}</ref><br />
===Uchi Pillayar Temple===<br />
This is a hill top temple dedicated for [[Lord Ganesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pon Uthiyur Hills & Konganar Siddhar Samadhi (Karur - Tamil Nadu)|url=https://travel.bhushavali.com/2010/05/uthiyur-hills-aka-pon-uthiyur-konganar.html|access-date=2021-05-14}}</ref> There is only two-wheeler road. It has electricity, light and water facilities. It is located at 1080m above sea level.<br />
===Konguna Sidhar Caves===<br />
The hills is said to be place where great sage '''Konguna Sidhar''' lived. Here exists his Jeeva Samathi and meditating rocks.<ref>{{Citation|title=Kongana Siddhar Mystery - சித்தர்களை தேடி ஒரு பயணம் {{!}} Karna {{!}} Tamilnavigation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teu_MZ_7QmA|language=en|access-date=2021-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ஊதியூர் கொங்கண சித்தர் கோயிலில் நாளை பஞ்சகலச யாக பூஜை|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-coimbatore/tiruppur/2019/jul/30/ஊதியூர்-கொங்கண-சித்தர்-கோயிலில்-நாளை-பஞ்சகலச-யாக-பூஜை-3203118.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Dinamani|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=100010509524078|date=2020-06-16|title=ஊதிமலை உத்தண்ட வேலாயுதசுவாமி திருத்தலம் {{!}}{{!}} othimalai velayutha swamy temple|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/devotionaltopnews/2020/06/16074052/1617898/othimalai-velayutha-swamy-temple.vpf|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Maalaimalar|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=ராமகிருஷ்ணன்,எம்.புண்ணியமூர்த்தி|first=ஜி பழனிச்சாமி,கு|title=சாமியார்கள் - துணுக்குகள்|url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/literature/136224-samiyargal-bits|access-date=2021-08-23|website=www.vikatan.com/|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-24|title=காரிய சித்திக்கும், பகையை வெல்லவும், வாழ்வில் வளம் பெறவும் கொங்கணர் சித்தரை வழிபடும் முறைகள்|url=https://www.toptamilnews.com/காரிய-சித்திக்கும்-பகைய/|access-date=2021-08-23|website=TopTamilNews|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
===Oher Shrines in the Hills===<br />
The hills has a Mahamandapam, shrines of Shri Paada [[Vinayagar]], Idumban and Hanumantharayan. The top of the hill is called Kurattu vasal and the temple is situated there. At the top there is also a shrine for Bhairavar. The images of other gods like Sun, Vishnu, Ramar, Lakshmana and others are scriptured on the pillars of the Mahamandapam.<br />
==Festivals==<br />
There are many festivals celebrated in this temple like Kruthika, star days of every month, [[Thaipusam]], [[Chitra Pournami (festival)|Chitra Pournami]], [[Amavasya]], Thalai Aadi, [[Vaikasi Brahmotsavam]], Vaikasi Visakam, and all the Fridays are special in this temple. [[Deepavali]], [[Navaratri]], [[Panguni Uthiram]], and [[Karthika Deepam]] are also the grand festivals of this Uthiyur Velayudhaswamy Murugan Temple.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uthiyur Velayudhaswamy Murugan Temple|url=https://epuja.co.in/product-details.php?puja_id=726&page=Uthiyur-Velayudhaswamy-Murugan-Temple|access-date=2021-07-24|website=ePuja|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Amavasya]] and [[Pournami (festival)|Pournami]] days are very special here with devotees from across [[Tamil Nadu]] and other states.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ஊதியூர் மலைக் கோயில்களுக்கு படிக்கட்டுகள் வேண்டும்: பக்தர்கள் கோரிக்கை|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-coimbatore/tiruppur/2017/nov/25/ஊதியூர்-மலைக்-கோயில்களுக்கு-படிக்கட்டுகள்-வேண்டும்-பக்தர்கள்-கோரிக்கை-2814453.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Dinamani|language=ta}}</ref><br />
==Transport==<br />
Uthiyur is located in [[State Highway 83A (Tamil Nadu)]] which serves as link road between cities like [[Erode]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Bangalore]] to [[Palani]] and [[Dharapuram]]. Buses run 24/7 via the four-lane road.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Erode to Palani bus timetable - Bustimes.in|url=https://www.bustimes.in/search.php?frmstop=Erode&tostop=Palani|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.bustimes.in}}</ref> It also serves as link between [[Kundadam block|Kundadam]] and [[Vellakoil]].<br />
<br />
Nearby cities include [[Dharapuram]], [[Tiruppur]], [[Dindigul]], [[Erode]], [[Palladam]], [[Palani]], [[Oddanchatram]], [[Kodaikanal]] and [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]].<br />
<br />
Buses are available for every 5 minutes to [[Dharapuram]], [[Palani]], [[Erode]] and [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]. Aswell town buses are operated to [[Kangeyam]], [[Dharapuram]], [[Kundadam block|Kundadam]], [[Vellakoil]], [[Tiruppur]] and [[Palladam]]. Nearest [[Railway Stations in India|Railway Station]] is [[Tiruppur railway station]] which is 40&nbsp;km and [[Palani railway station]] which is 50&nbsp;km. Nearest [[List of airports in India|airports]] are [[Coimbatore International Airport]] and [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]].<br />
==Education, healthcare and facilities==<br />
There are government, govt-funded and private schools up to higher secondary level in and around Uthiyur. Some schools include:<br />
*Shanti Niketan higher secondary school, KKS Nagar, Kullam Palayam, Uthiyur 638703<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shanthinikethan Higher Secondary School|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Shanthinikethan+Higher+Secondary+School/@10.9294411,77.5294822,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3ba9a2e9a22b476f:0x48126410302095d6!8m2!3d10.9294411!4d77.5316709?shorturl=1|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Shanthinikethan Higher Secondary School|language=en}}</ref><br />
*VMCDV Government-aided higher secondary school, Thayam Palayam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Schools in the district of ERODE : DISE information - Classes, Infrastructure, Facilities|url=https://schools.thelearningpoint.net/districts/district-listing-ERODE.html|access-date=2021-04-30|website=schools.thelearningpoint.net}}</ref><br />
*Government mid school, Mudhali Palayam, Uthiyur 638703<br />
*Sri Nandhana Vidhyalaya matriculation school<br />
There are also government and Private health centres, Clinics and hospitals in this region. HealthCentres include:<br />
*Kullam Palayam Primary Health Centre, Uthiyur 638703<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kullampalayam primary health centre|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kullampalayam+primary+health+centre/@10.9294411,77.5294822,17z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3ba9a2e96be468bb:0xca523a1a1be650eb!8m2!3d10.9309205!4d77.5321779?shorturl=1|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kullampalayam primary health centre|language=en}}</ref><br />
*Thayam Palayam Govt hospital, Uthiyur 638703<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thayam Palayam Government Hospital|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Thayam+Palayam+Government+Hospital/@10.8714714,77.4910862,14.59z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3ba9bc96084e9def:0xb406aa88e005645e!8m2!3d10.8800578!4d77.4872857?shorturl=1|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Thayam Palayam Government Hospital|language=en}}</ref><br />
There is a police station in Uthiyur serving its nearby localities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Stations {{!}} Tiruppur District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} Textile City {{!}} India|url=https://tiruppur.nic.in/public-utility-category/police-stations/|access-date=2021-05-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Uthiyur is a Firkah in [[Kangeyam taluk]] in [[Tiruppur district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=REVENUE VILLAGES {{!}} Tiruppur District, Government of Tamil Nadu {{!}} Textile City {{!}} India|url=https://tiruppur.nic.in/administrative-setup/revvilllage/|access-date=2021-05-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Uthiyur houses head post office of the region.<ref>{{Cite web|last=GetPincodes|title=Pin code 638703, Udhiyur S.O Post Office in Erode, Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.getpincodes.com/locality/uthiyur-kangeyam-tiruppur-tamil-nadu-638703|access-date=2021-05-27|website=GetPincodes|language=en-US}}</ref> There is ATM and [[Canara Bank]] functioning in Uthiyur.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canara Bank Erode Uthiyur Tamil Nadu (IFSC Code) IFSC Code - Bank branch MIRC Code, Address details|url=https://cleartax.in/|access-date=2021-07-24|website=cleartax.in|language=en}}</ref><br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Kangeyam]]<br />
*[[Dharapuram]]<br />
*[[Tiruppur]]<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}{{Adjacent communities<br />
| Centre = Uthiyur<br />
| North = [[Kangeyam]]<br />
| Northeast = [[Vellakoil]]<br />
| East = Lakunanichenpatty<br />
| Southeast = [[Mulanur]]<br />
| South = [[Dharapuram]]<br />
| Southwest = [[Kundadam block|Kundadam]]<br />
| West = Vanjipalayam<br />
| Northwest = Koduvai<br />
}}{{Tirupur-geo-stub}}</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amrita_Vishwa_Vidyapeetham&diff=303461Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham2022-02-12T18:41:28Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Private university in Coimbatore, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham<br />
| image = Amrita-vishwa-vidyapeetham-color-logo.png<br />
| other_name = Amrita University<br />
| motto = {{lang|sa-latn|śhraddhāvān labhate jñānaṁ}}<br />
| motto_lang = [[Sanskrit]]<br />
| mottoeng = The earnest aspirant gains supreme wisdom<br />
| established = {{Start date and age|1994}}<br />
| type = [[Private University|Private]] & [[Deemed University]]<br />
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<br />
| academic_affiliation = [[AICTE]], [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<br />
| chancellor = [[Mata Amritanandamayi Devi]]<br />
| president = Swami Amritaswarupananda Puri<br />
| vice_chancellor = [[P. Venkat Rangan]]<br />
| faculty = <br />
| students = <br />
| undergrad = <br />
| city = [[Ettimadai]], [[Coimbatore]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| coor = {{coord|10|54|4|N|76|54|10|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| campus = Rural/Urban<br />
| colours = Pantone {{color box|#A4123F}}<br />
| website = {{url|http://www.amrita.edu}}<br />
| logo = <br />
}}<br />
'''Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham''' or '''Amrita University''' is a [[Private university|private]], [[deemed university|deemed-university]] located in [[Coimbatore]], [[India]]. The NAAC accredited A grade, multi-campus, multi-disciplinary teaching and research university currently has 6 campuses with 16 constituent schools across Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] with the headquarters at [[Ettimadai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="amrita.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.amrita.edu/campus|title=Campuses {{!}} Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|website=amrita.edu|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> It offers a total of 207 undergraduate, postgraduate, integrated-degree, dual-degree, doctoral programs in [[Engineering education|Engineering and Technology]], [[Medical school|Medicine]], [[Business education|Business]], Arts & Culture, Sciences, Biotechnology, Agricultural Sciences, Allied Health Sciences, Ayurveda, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, Nano-Sciences, Commerce, Humanities & Social Sciences, Law, Literature, Spiritual studies, Philosophy, Education, Sustainable Development, Mass Communication and Social Work. The university is Ranked 4th best university in India according to [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)]] 2020 by [[Government of India|Government of India]] and also Ranked 81st in the world by [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings]] in the Year 2021.<ref name="Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-21|title=Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/amrita-vishwa-vidyapeetham|access-date=2021-06-14|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}</ref><br />
== History ==<br />
The university was founded with the opening of [[Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore]] in 1994 by [[Mata Amritanandamayi|Mata Amritanandamayi Devi]], and is managed by her international humanitarian organisation [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]]. In 2003, it became one of the youngest institutes to be [[Deemed university|deemed a university]], when it was conferred this status by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/deemed_uniinfo.aspx?id=130|title=Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|website=ugc.ac.in|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> In 2002, two campuses each in Amritapuri and Bangalore was started.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengaluru Campus {{!}} Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|url=https://www.amrita.edu/campus/bengaluru|access-date=2021-06-20|website=www.amrita.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amritapuri Campus {{!}} Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|url=https://www.amrita.edu/campus/amritapuri|access-date=2021-06-20|website=www.amrita.edu}}</ref><br />
== Accreditations ==<br />
The university has been re-accredited by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] with 'A' grade in 2014, and has been ranked 4th among the Indian universities by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2020/UniversityRanking.html|title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)|website=nirfindia.org|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> It continuously collaborates with top American & European universities including Ivy league universities<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham {{!}} Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|url=https://www.amrita.edu/international/about-amrita-university|access-date=2021-04-08|website=www.amrita.edu}}</ref> for regular student exchange programs,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amrita.edu/international|title=Amrita Center for International Programs {{!}} Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|website=amrita.edu|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> and has been emerging as one of the top ranked private university in India, according to the [[QS World University Rankings]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/46z9j6G2ZvX5RRetupIjCL/World-university-rankings-A-record-49-from-Indian-among-the.html|title=World university rankings: A record 49 from India among the best in the world|last=Nanda|first=Prashant K.|date=2018-09-26|website=www.livemint.com|language=en|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> and the [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|Times Higher Education Rankings]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indian-universities-move-up-in-global-ranking-with-49-institutions/articleshow/67552351.cms|title=Indian universities move up in global ranking with 49 institutions|agency=PTI|date=16 January 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> [[Amrita Schools of Engineering|Amrita Schools of engineering]] has Ranked 20th Best Engineering college in India by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2020/EngineeringRanking.html|access-date=2021-02-11|website=www.nirfindia.org}}</ref> in 2020. The university was given status of [[Institutes of Eminence]] by UGC in 2019.<br />
== Campuses ==<br />
[[File:Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri Campus.jpg|thumb|407x407px|Amritapuri Campus]]<br />
The university has six campuses, with 15 constituent schools in rural and urban sites in four south Indian states – Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.<ref name="amrita.edu" /> The first to be established was the Coimbatore campus in 1994, with the opening of Amrita School of Engineering at [[Ettimadai]], a village about 20&nbsp;km east of the Coimbatore city. [[Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences|Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS)]] in [[Edappally|Edapally]], [[Kochi]] was inaugurated on 17 May 1998 by the then [[Prime Minister]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. Later in 2002, two campuses were opened, one urban campus at the IT capital of India – [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], and one rural campus in [[Amritapuri]] village, which also hosts the headquarters of the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]] that runs the university. In 2019, an engineering campus opened at Chennai. Currently, two new healthcare campuses are being constructed at [[Faridabad]], [[Haryana]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/hospitals/haryana-cm-lays-foundation-stone-for-2000-bed-hospital-in-faridabad/52197688|title=Haryana CM lays foundation stone for 2000 bed hospital in Faridabad - ET HealthWorld|last=www.ETHealthworld.com|website=ETHealthworld.com|language=en|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref> and [[Amaravati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/naidu-lays-foundation-stone-for-amrita-vishwa-vidyapeetham-in-amaravati/article22687423.ece|title=Naidu lays foundation stone for Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham in Amaravati|last=Sarma|first=Ch R. S.|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref><br />
{{Location map+|India|places={{Location map~|India|label='''[[Coimbatore]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=10.9037|long=76.8987}}<br />
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{{location map~|India|label='''[[Kollam]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=9.0955|long=76.4907}}<br />
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{{location map~|India|label='''[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=12.8948|long=77.6753}}<br />
<br />
{{Location map~|India|label='''[[Kochi]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=10.0355|long=76.2920}}<br />
<br />
{{Location map~|India|label='''[[Mysore|Mysuru]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=12.3022|long= 76.6042}}<br />
<br />
{{Location map~|India|label='''[[Chennai]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=13.2619|long=80.0259}}<br />
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{{Location map~|India|label='''[[Amaravati]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|lat=16.4585|long=80.5341}}<br />
<br />
{{Location map~|India|label='''[[Faridabad]]'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=28.4280|long=77.3417}}|caption=Locations of Amrita University Campuses <ref>https://www.amrita.edu/tags/amrita-campuses</ref>|width=420}}[[File:Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham coimbatore campus.jpg|thumb|405x405px|Coimbatore campus]]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br />
|+<br />
List of Campuses of Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham<br />
!Campus<br />
!State<br />
!Location<br />
!Founded<br />
!Schools<br />
|-<br />
|Coimbatore<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|[[Ettimadai]], [[Coimbatore]]<br />
|1994<br />
|<br />
* School of Agricultural Sciences<br />
* School of Arts & Sciences<br />
* School of Business<br />
* School of Engineering<br />
* School of Mass Communication<br />
* School of Philosophy, Arts & Culture<br />
* School of Social Work <br />
|-<br />
|Amritapuri<br />
|[[Kerala]]<br />
|[[Amritapuri]], [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
|2002<br />
|<br />
* School of Arts & Sciences<br />
* School of Ayurveda<br />
* School of Business<br />
* School of Biotechnology<br />
* School of Engineering<br />
* School of Philosophy, Arts & Culture<br />
|-<br />
|Bengaluru<br />
|[[Karnataka]]<br />
|Kasavanahalli, [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]<br />
|2002<br />
|<br />
* School of Business<br />
* School of Engineering<br />
* School of Philosophy, Arts & Culture<br />
|-<br />
|Chennai<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|Vengal, [[Chennai]]<br />
|2019<br />
|<br />
* School of Engineering<br />
|-<br />
|Kochi<br />
|[[Kerala]]<br />
|[[Edappally|Edapally]], [[Kochi]]<br />
|1998<br />
|<br />
* School of Allied Health Science<br />
* School of Arts & Sciences<br />
* School of Business<br />
* School of Dentistry<br />
* School of Medicine<br />
* School of Nano-sciences<br />
* School of Nursing<br />
* School of Pharmacy<br />
|-<br />
|Mysore<br />
|[[Karnataka]]<br />
|[[Bhogadi]], [[Mysore]]<br />
|2002<br />
|<br />
* School of Arts & Sciences<br />
* School of Education<br />
|-<br />
|Amaravati<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham's New Campus in Amaravati {{!}} Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|url=https://www.amrita.edu/press-media/amrita-vishwa-vidyapeethams-new-campus-amaravati|access-date=2021-04-08|website=www.amrita.edu}}</ref><br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|[[Navuluru]], [[Amaravati]]<br />
|2022<br />
|<br />
* School of Engineering<br />
* School of Medicine<br />
* School of Business<br />
* School of Arts & Sciences<br />
* School of Health Sciences<br />
|}<br />
===Amrita Schools of Arts and Sciences===<br />
The schools of Arts and science offer [[Bachelor of Commerce]] , [[Bachelor of Business Management]] (BBM), [[Bachelor of Computer Applications]] (BCA), [[Master of Computer Applications]] (MCA) programs and are located at [[Amritapuri]], [[Kochi]], [[Mysore]].<br />
===Amrita Schools of Business===<br />
The school of Business was started in 1996 in Coimbatore campus and currently 4 campuses - [[Coimbatore]], [[Bangalore]], [[Kochi]], [[Amritapuri|Amritapuri(Kollam)]] . The school offers [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business|AACSB]] accredited residential two-year [[MBA]] degree program. In addition, it offers a [[dual degree]] program leading to an MS in information technology and [[MBA]] in collaboration with [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|State University of New York at Buffalo]], for working professionals at the Bangalore campus.<ref name="mites">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/03/stories/2006010302200200.htm|title=Amrita – New York Universities Launch Joint Programs|date=3 January 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922152808/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/03/stories/2006010302200200.htm|archive-date=22 September 2008 |url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2008-09-30}}</ref> [[Faculty (teaching staff)|Faculty]] members have M.B.A.s and Doctorate from reputed foreign universities such as [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[Cornell University]], [[NYU Stern School of Business]], [[University of Texas at Austin]], and [[Kellogg School of Management]].<ref name="industry interaction">{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/2008/08/25012137/A-Bschool-leveraging-educatio.html|title=A B-school leveraging education and spirituality|date=24 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914214354/http://www.livemint.com/2008/08/25012137/A-Bschool-leveraging-educatio.html|archive-date=14 September 2008|url-status=live|access-date=2015-12-30}}</ref><br />
===Amrita School of Biotechnology===<br />
The school was started in September 2004 and offers B.Sc. and M.Sc. in [[Biotechnology]], B.Sc. and M.Sc. in [[Microbiology]], and M.Sc. in [[Bioinformatics]], as well as Ph.D. [[degree programs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amrita.edu/research/centers/Biotechnology|title=Amrita University Research Centers|website=amrita.edu}}</ref> Its research spans a wide spectrum including Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology, Cell-line Engineering, Wound Healing, Computational Neuroscience, Neurophysiology, Phytochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Proteomics, RNAi, Analytical Chemistry, Snake Venoms, Sanitation Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amrita.edu/research/centers/Biotechnology|title=Amrita University Research Centers|website=amrita.edu}}</ref><br />
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The Amrita School of Biotechnology is approved as a Center of Relevance and Excellence (CORE) in Biomedical Technology under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, TIFAC Mission REACH programs. The School of Biotechnology was selected by the DBT-BIRAC (Government of India) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as one of the top six innovators in India to develop next generation sanitation solutions using bacteriophages and other biocontrol agents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amrita.edu/center/sanitation-biotechnology|title=Sanitation Biotechnology|website=amrita.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/external/display.jsp?mode=details&id=38706|title=Indian Researchers Selected to Develop Next Generation Toilets|work=The Telegraph|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726095100/http://www.telegraphindia.com/external/display.jsp?mode=details&id=38706|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
===Amrita School of Communication===<br />
The school offers (B.A. and M.A.) degree programs in Communication. The course helps prepare students for careers in journalism, [[new media]]/animation, and short film making and advertising. It is modeled on [[UNESCO]] guidelines. Amrita University was one among the first Indian universities to adopt the [[UNESCO]] model curriculum.<ref name="journalism UNESCO">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2008/04/28/stories/2008042850360500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619164807/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2008/04/28/stories/2008042850360500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 June 2008|title=Media Course with UNESCO Model Curriculum|date=28 April 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2008-09-30}}</ref><br />
===Amrita Schools of Engineering===<br />
{{Main|Amrita School of Engineering}}<br />
The university has schools of engineering in 4 of its 6 campuses, and offers undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral programs in fields of [[Computer science and engineering]], [[Electronics and Communication engineering]], [[Electrical and electronic engineering]], [[Information and communications technology]], [[Artificial intelligence]], [[Mechanical engineering]], [[Civil engineering]], [[Chemical engineering]] and [[Aerospace engineering]]. The [[Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore]] predates the university itself as it became the first Amrita institution for higher education to be set up when it was opened in 1994, whereas the university received its deemed university status in 2003. [[Amrita Schools of Engineering|Amrita schools of engineering(ASE)]] has Ranked 20th Best Engineering college in India by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] in 2020. Other campuses include Bengaluru, Amritapuri, Chennai and Amaravati. Admission to there B.Tech programs are based on Amrita engineering entrance exam(AEEE) and [[Joint Entrance Examination - Main|JEE main]] and Admission to the M.Tech Programs are based on the [[Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering]](GATE).<br />
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The five schools offer B.Tech., M.Tech. and Ph.D. degree programs and the Kochi campus offers M.Tech. in Nano-Medicine, Molecular Medicine and Nanotechnology and Renewable Energy.<br />
===Amrita Healthcare Campuses===<br />
Attached to the [[Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre]] is a 1300-bed super-specialty hospital in [[Kochi, India|Kochi]].<ref name="aims hospital"><br />
{{cite web<br />
| date = 1 September 2007<br />
| url = http://www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com/200709/coverstory30.shtml<br />
| title = Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi<br />
| publisher = Express Healthcare<br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080705152950/http://www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com/200709/coverstory30.shtml<br />
| archive-date = 5 July 2008<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| df = dmy-all<br />
}}<br />
</ref> It is the university's healthcare initial campus. A second medical school and 2,000 bed hospital campus was set up in Delhi on the 9th May 2016.<ref name="aims DELHI hospital">{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.amritapuri.org/64258/16-super-hospital.aum<br />
| title = Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi<br />
| publisher =Amritapuri.org MA Math<br />
| access-date = 2016-09-05 }}</ref> The Amrita Schools of Medicine, Dept. of Hospital Administration provide MHA (Masters in Hospital Administration), [[Nursing]], [[Pharmacy]], and [[Dentistry]] are on this campus. They respectively offer [[MBBS]], Bachelor of Science ([[Nursing]]), undergraduate/graduate Pharmacy programs, and [[Bachelor of Dental Surgery]] [[degree programs]].<br />
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The [[School of Medicine]] offers graduate programs including M.Sc. in disciplines, [[Diplomate of National Board]] (DNB), and PhD. In 2008, the first batch of [[MBBS]] students graduated with [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] presiding over the graduation ceremony.<ref name="mbbs graduates">{{cite web<br />
| date = 5 February 2008<br />
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/05/stories/2008020561020300.htm<br />
| title = Kalam’s Charter for Doctors<br />
| access-date = 2008-09-30<br />
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080926053101/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/05/stories/2008020561020300.htm| archive-date= 26 September 2008 | work = [[The Hindu]]<br />
| url-status= dead}}</ref><br />
== Rankings ==<br />
{{Infobox India university ranking<br />
| type = University<br />
| NIRF_O_2020 = 13<br />
| NIRF_E_2020 = 20<br />
| NIRF_U_2020 = 4<br />
| NIRF_M_2020 = 5<br />
|THE_W_2021=801–1000|QS_A_2021=261-270}}<br />
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham was ranked 801–1000 in the world by the ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' of 2021<ref name="Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham"/> The [[QS World University Rankings]] of 2020 ranked it in 261–270 band in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=QS Asia World University Rankings|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2021|access-date=2021-06-14|website=Top Universities|language=en}}</ref> It was ranked 13 in India in overall category by the ''[[National Institutional Ranking Framework]]'' in 2020,<ref name="Rankings_NIRF_O_2020" /> Ranked 4th among universities<ref name="Rankings_NIRF_U_2020" /> and the 5th among medical schools in India.<ref name="Rankings_NIRF_M_2020" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded [[Institutes of Eminence|Institute of Eminence]] status to the university.<ref>{{Citation|title=Amrita gets Institute of Eminence Status|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tAd6Qr1ONk|language=en|access-date=2021-04-08}}</ref><br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.amrita.edu}}<br />
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Education in Kerala}}<br />
{{Health in Kerala |state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Universities in Kerala}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in Kochi]]<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1994]]<br />
[[Category:All India Council for Technical Education]]<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in India]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Mata Amritanandamayi Math]]<br />
[[Category:Deemed universities in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:1994 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&diff=303410User talk:WikiDwarf2022-02-11T17:17:41Z<p>Tamil123: /* Draft:Annamalai K */ new section</p>
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<div>{{User talk}}<br />
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== Issue with Notice ==<br />
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Hi, I have joined wikipedia India just today. I noticed some buggy notice coming up in misaligned manner. Just wanted to let you know about this. I can appreciate the initiative and I found only you to be doing most of the administrative works as of now here, so thought to drop a message. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 15:51, 22 September 2020 (IST)<br />
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:Hello and welcome to Bharatpedia, can you be more specific what buggy notice coming up so I can look up at? Thanks for notifying and happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:12, 22 September 2020 (IST)<br />
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== Spamming ==<br />
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I found a number of new users using their user space for link spamming. So I reverted those. Hope it was fine to do so. Please let me know if it is otherwise.<br />
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{| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;"<br />
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Admin Barnstar.png|100px]]<br />
|rowspan="2" |<br />
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Admin's Barnstar'''<br />
|-<br />
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | You are doing a great work. Keep going. [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:34, 6 October 2020 (IST)<br />
|}<br />
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== The Reviewer Barnstar ==<br />
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{| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;"<br />
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:Reviewer Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:Barnstar-RTFM.png|100px]]}}<br />
|rowspan="2" |<br />
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Reviewer Barnstar'''<br />
|-<br />
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thanks for review [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:42, 6 October 2020 (IST)<br />
|}<br />
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== How to submit the article ==<br />
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I have created the article help me in submitting the article <!-- Template:Unsigned --><span class="autosigned" style="font-size:85%;">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) </span><br />
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:{{re|Digitalpivot30}} Hello and welcome, please start a new page in the [[Bharatpedia:Drafts#Creating and editing drafts|draft namespace]] and once it's ready for the mainspace please submit it for a review by placing the {{tl|submit}} template at the top of the page. Thanks - [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:12, 27 November 2020 (IST)<br />
Sure thanks <!-- Template:Unsigned --><span class="autosigned" style="font-size:85%;">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) </span><br />
Have edited & summited the draft..<br />
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How to disclose the paid contribution?<br />
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== Review of article ==<br />
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Hello, can you please review my article [[Shalkal]] and delete the page [[Draft:Shalkal Carty]]. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 22:07, 3 December 2020 (IST)<br />
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== Thanks for creating article of Mukesh Ambani bomb scare case ==<br />
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Thank you. [[User:Subhash Rama|Subhash Rama]] ([[User talk:Subhash Rama|talk]]) 11:15, 22 March 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Article creation ==<br />
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Hi, why can't I create new page about person? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 16:24, 10 April 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{re|Rehan}} and welcome! As I can see your account hasn't reached the [[Bharatpedia:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed]] level yet so you won't be able to create a page in the main namespace, but you can create an article in the draft namespace using the [[Bharatpedia:Article wizard|article wizard]] and submit it for a review by placing <code><nowiki>{{subst:submit}}</nowiki></code> at the top of the article once it's ready. Please see [[Bharatpedia:Articles for creation]] for more and let me know if you need any help. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:48, 10 April 2021 (IST)<br />
::Thanks for your response. I have created the draft [[Draft:Syed_Falak]] now I need to add image. How can I add?<br />
[[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:12, 10 April 2021 (UTC)<br />
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== Question ==<br />
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Hi, thank you so much for your help. I want to know are you an admin in this Wikipedia? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 01:19, 13 April 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{re|Rehan}} Hello Rehan, yes I'm an admin here. Please let me know if you need any help. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:35, 13 April 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Please approve my page ==<br />
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Hello sir, i created a page can you approve? thanks <!-- Template:Unsigned --><span class="autosigned" style="font-size:85%;">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Bharatpedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ajay Kumar|contribs]]) 18:47, 19 April 2021 (IST) (UTC)</span><br />
:{{re|Ajay Kumar}} I have moved the page to main namespace after some improvements in sources and added some categories. The subject looks notable so please try to add some more sources. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:23, 19 April 2021 (IST)<br />
Thank you sir. I added more details with source. [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 19:29, 19 April 2021 (IST)<br />
==A curious query==<br />
Hello Wiki Dwarf! I am an old user in English Wikipedia. When I tried to log in here with the same account and password, it failed. Btw, my queries are: 1) Is this wikipedia a part of Wikimedia sister projects? 2) Sometimes, I found some articles, though not original of here (I mean they seems to be imported from the simple English wikipedia), does this mean that all the articles are imported? 3) Can I create my user account here and at the same time, can I create original articles here? Though articles with similar names exist in the en wikipedia? <br />
[[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:04, 8 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{re|47.29.19.238}} Hello there, Bharatpedia is an independent platform (please see [[Bharatpedia:General disclaimer]]) so you won't be able to login using your Wikipedia account details, but you may create a new account under the same username. Account creation is not required in order to read or edit this site, but if you wish to create new articles you can sign up with a new account and can create articles on notable topics, no matter if the particular article exists on Wikipedia under the same or similar name. Some articles here are imported from Wikipedia and you may notice a disclosure at the end of each page such as [[Achappam]] and if you can't find such disclosure, you can add one by placing <code><nowiki>{{en-Wikipedia}}</nowiki></code> at the end of the article. Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 00:36, 8 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Finally, I read the article you cited. Next, 4) Is it mandatory for me to create my new user account here with the exactly same username from the wikipedia org? Next, 5) Do I need special permission to edit, create an article here? 6) Like wikipedia, can I perform edits here normally? 7) Can I import article from the wikipedia? For that, do I need special rights or powers here? I mean all these in good faith. And I have a strong desire to have my service here. [[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:59, 8 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::::{{re|47.29.19.238}} No it's not mandatory to create a new account with exactly the same user name on Wikipedia, it's your choice if you wish to keep both accounts under the same username. You don't need special user rights to edit pages on this site, but several actions including article creation in the main namespace are restricted to user accounts that are at least 4 days old and have made at least 10 edits. The use of the tool to import pages is only limited to admins, patrollers and extended-confirmed users, but a user without these rights can still import pages manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:17, 8 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Talk back notice ==<br />
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Hello brother! I have a talk back for you in my talk page. Besides, I want to know something from you. Is this wikipedia still have connection with Wikimedia Commons and translate wiki? I saw this very wikipedia supports some Manipuri language technical version. Next, does this wikipedia also have multiple language wiki versions? SonOfZeus 10:48, 9 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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:{{re|SonOfZeus}} Hello and welcome! this is an independent platform unrelated to the Wikimedia Foundation and is currently only available in the English language. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:54, 9 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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::Brother! Can I create my sandbox here in this wiki too? And, where shall I see the number of articles of this wiki? And, about the list of active users, if I want to see! And lastly, does this wiki also follow the INDIC SCRIPT policy of English wikipedia? SonOfZeus 18:46, 9 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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::And, another thing, can I create a draft page and how should I start that? SonOfZeus 18:49, 9 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Yes you can experience in your sandbox. The number of articles you can see on the main page and unfortunately the list of active users is only limited to sysops. To create a draft you can visit [[Bharatpedia:Article wizard]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:12, 10 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::::And lastly, does Indic script policy also apply here? SonOfZeus 18:29, 10 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::No, you can use the Indic script in the lead and infobox to address the name of the subject. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:30, 10 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::: Thank you. SonOfZeus 20:55, 11 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Hello WikiDwarf, I don't find any user with your name in English wikipedia. Are you there in English wikipedia? If yes, may I know what is your username there? If that affects your privacy, then I am sorry. Else, please tell me. <br />
::And another thing, can I request you for importing articles from wikipedia? SonOfZeus 12:30, 12 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Sure you can list the articles [[Bharatpedia:Requested articles|on this page]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:40, 12 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::::But sir, I don't find any link to go to any particular page where I can write the name of the article which I want to request for import.(1) Could you please show me the link for the page where I could write the request? (2) At the same, if I could personally request you at your talk page, please import [[Meitei deities]] and [[List of figures in Meitei mythology]] from simple English Wikipedia. SonOfZeus 11:57, 13 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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::::::Thank you for pointing it out. I have created a button that will take you to the request page and also imported the two pages you requested above. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:50, 13 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:: But sir, (1) [[Meitei deities]] is a redirect page of another page. The main page is not imported yet from Simple English Wikipedia. (2) How many articles can I request at a time? Is there any limitation of number of articles at a single request? (3) If something gets changed in the article at general wikipedia, will it's imported equivalent article in this wikipedia get affected? For example, an article "x" has been deleted in general wiki, what about its equivalent article "x" in this wiki? SonOfZeus 10:55, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::I have imported its corresponding article please see [[List of Meitei gods and goddesses]]. You can request as many articles as you wish as there is no limit. If an article is changed or deleted on Wikipedia it will not automatically affect its copy on Bharatpedia so one need to update the particular article manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:02, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::: Thank you sir. And, one thing is that can a page be created or imported by anonymous users? I saw [[Irai Leima]] being imported by an anonymous. Is that a vandalism? As you are a check user also, what do you see. Who's that? SonOfZeus 13:27, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::No, that article was imported using the tool by an admin and the most recent revision was included so that's the reason [[Irai Leima]] looks like created/imported by anon. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:06, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::I have imported all the articles as per your request at [[Bharatpedia:Requested articles/requests]], please place <code><nowiki>{{simple-Wikipedia}}</nowiki></code> at the end of each article to avoid copyright issue. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:32, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::::::Sure, sir! I will do as soon as possible. Thanks! I have more request in the page. Please import those too. SonOfZeus 15:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::Thanks for those import! And one thing, (1) I am trying my best to put the "simple English wikipedia template " at the bottom of every imported article. But if I missed some, will there be assured chance of facing copyright issues? (2) In case of edits performed by myself in the general wikipedia, can I directly copy and paste those here? SonOfZeus 20:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::(3) The page [[Khamba Thoibi]] has a very important long infobox and some wiki tables in the [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] (general English wikipedia). Can we import those partially here? SonOfZeus 20:10, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::I don't see any issue if you wish to directly copy and paste your edits from Wikipedia, but it still needs a disclosure at the end of the page. I have imported the contents from [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] into [[Khamba Thoibi]] please let me know if there is anything else I can do. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:35, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:: Hello brother! (1) In the main page of the Bharatpedia, some names of religions are given. Could you add [[Sanamahism]] also? SonOfZeus 22:37, 15 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Done. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::(2) Please create infobox religion. (3) Please create Template:Lang-zh_TW (language template for traditional Chinese) and Template:Lang-zh_CN (language template for simplified Chinese). SonOfZeus 23:46, 15 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Please use [[:Template:Infobox religious group]] instead of Infobox religion and for the traditional Chinese, please use <code><nowiki>{{Lang-zh|t=中國}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{Lang-zh|s=中国}}</nowiki></code> for simplified Chinese. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Sir! (1) I have new import request. Please see. (2) I have more than 500 edits. So, I think I am extended confirmed user now. Could you please grant me the right of importer to me? What special steps are needed for importing? If possible, please teach me. SonOfZeus 20:16, 18 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::Your account has not yet reached the extendedconfirmed level. A registered editor becomes extendedconfirmed automatically when the account is both at least 30 days old and has made at least 500 edits (including deleted edits) so, I will take a look at the list and import as much as possible. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:30, 21 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::Sir, I have new requests in the request page for import. BTW, due to multiplicity of the articles, I can't put square brackets in every title of the requested article. Please don't mind. Hope you will adjust them easily. At the same time, I will try my best. SonOfZeus 21:50, 4 June 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Hello Sir! As my user account is 1 month old, could you grant me the importer right? If possible, it will definitely help me and you. I might no longer disturb you by requesting exhaustive list of articles for import! SonOfZeus 14:22, 7 June 2021 (IST)<br />
::::{{reply|SonOfZeus}} Please attach an email id to your account so I can grant you the importer right and share instructions. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:06, 8 June 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::{{re|WikiDwarf}}(1) Brother! I have attached the email id. Now, please share me the instructions. SonOfZeus 16:36, 2 July 2021 (IST)<br />
::::::(2) And why we're those list of requested articles removed? SonOfZeus 12:18, 3 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::::{{reply|SonOfZeus}} Thank you for attaching your email address, I will soon send you the instructions. The page ([[Bharatpedia:Requested articles/requests]]) was converted to an article by a couple of users but their edits have been reverted and the list is visible now. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:40, 3 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::::: I received your email, but I think I am still not getting any instruction about how to import an article from the general wikipedia run by Wikimedia Foundation to this Bharatpedia. May I get that, bro! I am eager to learn that! And thank you for all those useful links you send me, those will also help me in future. SonOfZeus 13:23, 3 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::::::That might be one of some other automatic emails. I have not yet sent you the instructions to use the import tool, once I do, I will notify you on your talk page. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 13:33, 3 July 2021 (IST)<br />
----<br />
Wow! I did it, bro! After properly following your instructions, I succeed in importing files to here! But as I am a birdie, I am importing only one at a time. SonOfZeus 19:49, 1 August 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{re|SonOfZeus}} That's great, please let me know if you need any help. Also, please note that articles created using a tool such as "importer" will not be counted at the edit-a-thon so please only list those you have created manually. Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 21:31, 3 August 2021 (IST)<br />
::But what about the expansion of already existing article? I mean there are some articles brought here through importer before the beginning of this contest. If I expand such article, are they able to be counted for the contest? SonOfZeus 22:28, 3 August 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Yes, they will be counted as valid entries. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:06, 4 August 2021 (IST)<br />
___<br />
Hello brother! Please check if any of the articles I have added for the contest is ineligible or eligible! If found any problem, please tell me so that I may either fix the problem or create a substitute in time. Besides, you have a mail from me. Please check it too. Regards! SonOfZeus 22:26, 4 August 2021 (IST)<br />
<br />
== Issue in Reviewing ==<br />
([[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]]) Hello editor, I'm New user of Bharatpedia.My published two articles are still in review. will you please explain me review submission process please ? & when my articles will be reviewed ?<br />
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== Revert Rights ==<br />
[[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] hello,i had requested you to tell me about how to submit article drafts in afc after 10+ edits but someone demotes my user right will you please revert it...because of this my direct page move option is not appearing please do promote me again so i can move page.Thank You.Waiting For Your Response(-[[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]] ([[User talk:Pixerark|talk]]) 22:16, 14 May 2021 (IST))<br />
:Please see my reply on your talk page. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:36, 14 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Index ==<br />
<br />
Hi, I created page many days ago and it is still not visible in Google search results. Please review [[Reza Abbaszadeh]] page and index it. Thank you! [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 22:49, 17 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Please approve my page ==<br />
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Hello sir, I created a page can you please approve? thanks<br />
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== Review Timeline ==<br />
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Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}, I am planning to introduce a good amount of fashion and film people articles to this place. I have auto petrol rights in English Wikipedia so I know what I am doing. I just want to know, what are the indexing/review timelines here. This is just for a better understanding of the process. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 14:50, 29 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{re|Kingfisher}} and thank you for your interest. First of all, there is no fixed timeline for the review process since we have very few reviewers at the moment. Secondly, I will be glad to grant you the same user right(s) that you have on Wikipedia if you can share the details for verification purpose. If you don't want to disclose it publicly for any reason you can mail me. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:35, 29 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:: Here is my user rights screen in en.wikipedia.org. https://tinyurl . com/ykxumuxm. I can't reveal my username because Wiki people keep an eye on everywhere. I find it risky. You can give me the rights for a temporary period and see the work or you may wait. Whatever it is, I am feeling excited about this project. The opportunities are endless. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 17:14, 30 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:::That is totally fine if you don't want to disclose it publicly. Can you attach an email id to your account here so I can share some details? Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:06, 30 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::::That sounds good. I did that. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 01:03, 31 May 2021 (IST)<br />
<br />
== User Rights ==<br />
Hey there, I just saw you changed my user rights to confirmed and later again removed that. I would request you to kindly update my user rights to confirmed. Thank you -- [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 16:08, 30 May 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{u|Plts}}, you already have confirmed status. Please verify it by visiting [[Special:UserRights]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:12, 30 May 2021 (IST)<br />
::{{reply to|WikiDwarf}} Thanks for the information. Happy editing. - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 14:50, 31 May 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Will making a page here interrupt with Wikipedia English ? ==<br />
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I want to know if same article with same name gets made here and wiki English Will there be copyright or interruption cuz the two pages Under same name? [[User:Positivesoul|Positivesoul]] ([[User talk:Positivesoul|talk]]) 10:06, 1 June 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{u|Positivesoul}}, In order to reuse contents from one site to another, you need to provide attribution. This is done by either saying in your edit summary that the material was copied, and where you got it. There will be no interruption in creating two pages under the same name. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 13:49, 2 June 2021 (IST)<br />
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== can you approve this page ? let me know if it qualifies==<br />
https://en.wikipedia.ind.in/wiki/Draft:Emma_Jonnz<br />
<br />
Hi sir, I have no conflict of interest with this person. he is a famous youtube in west Bengal. And he got a gold play button from youtube<br />
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== Draft Request ==<br />
Hey [[User:WikiDwarf]], I just saw my article was deleted by you under criteria A7. I just read what it means, I would request you to provide me a draft for article [[Piyush Monga]] so that I can improve it. Also, please suggest some improvements to my first article [[Youth Against Rape]]. Thank you soo much for your help. Happy editing -- [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 17:00, 8 June 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{re|Plts}} {{done}}. I have restored the article in the draft namespace as per your request above. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:43, 8 June 2021 (IST)<br />
::{{re|WikiDwarf}} Thank you. Happy editing. - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 14:23, 9 June 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Draft: Bhupesh Bansal ==<br />
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Hello, I submitted a draft. Please check and approve it if it is well.<br />
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Thank you.<br />
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== Asking a Favour ==<br />
Hello [[User:WikiDwarf]] I am a Wikipedia editor from the northern part of the country and I also create articles related to Nepal. is it legal to create articles about people from Nepal or any other country? I have created more than 25 articles on English [[Wikipedia]](directly on namespace) and more than 20 of them got reviewed and are live on the wiki but unfortunately, 5 of them got deleted. I will be happily contributing on [[Bharatpedia]] as well if provided the required access, also I agree to all your terms and conditions if found violating any of them you are free to take the required action. --[[User:Mailblog34|Mailblog34]] ([[User talk:Mailblog34|talk]]) 08:00, 17 June 2021 (IST)<br />
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:Hello {{u|Mailblog34}} and welcome to Bharatpedia. There are no restrictions on creating articles on any topic but the subject must be notable enough to have an independent article. Since your account has not yet reached the autoconfirmed status I would suggest you create new articles in the draft namespace and once your account is autoconfirmed (i.e. four days old and you've made ten edits) then you will be able to move/create articles directly in the main namespace. If you need any help please let me know. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 09:01, 17 June 2021 (IST)<br />
* Hello [[User:WikiDwarf]] i am already four days old and made more than 30 edits but still did not get option of "create the pge" , and did not get option to move pages . Help me out on my limited access .--[[User:Mailblog34|Mailblog34]] ([[User talk:Mailblog34|talk]]) 23:19, 19 June 2021 (IST)<br />
::{{re|Mailblog34}} Your account was registered on 16 June 2021 at 09:45 (IST) so please wait for one more day and your account will be autoconfirmed. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:26, 19 June 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Vandalism ==<br />
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Hello sir. Somebody is keep vandalizing [[Harish Pednekar]] please lock the page from spammers. [[Special:Contributions/206.84.238.118|206.84.238.118]] ([[User talk:206.84.238.118|talk]]) 17:40, 25 June 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Draft Request ==<br />
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Hi [[User:WikiDwarf]], Could you please review this article [[Draft:Fuad Al-Qrize]], link: https://en.wikipedia.ind.in/wiki/User:Alialfaisal/sandbox ,Thank You.--[[User:Alialfaisal|Alialfaisal]] ([[User talk:Alialfaisal|talk]]) 17:56, 28 June 2021 (IST)<br />
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* My dear [[User:WikiDwarf]], Sources have been added to the article, I can supplement them with additional sources if you wish, [[Draft:Fuad Al-Qrize]] I hope to review. Thank you. --[[User:Alialfaisal|Alialfaisal]] ([[User talk:Alialfaisal|talk]]) 18:26, 1 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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* My dear [[User:WikiDwarf]], I did not understand why the article was not approved, even though I added several news sources in it and can supplement it with additional sources?--[[User:Alialfaisal|Alialfaisal]] ([[User talk:Alialfaisal|talk]]) 19:21, 3 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== I requested that add me admin on Bharatpedia. ==<br />
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I will be work forever to wikipedia. Please add me admin group member in Bharat wikipedia.<br />
[[User:Hembram Bakhul|Hembram Bakhul]] ([[User talk:Hembram Bakhul|talk]]) 12:09, 29 June 2021 (IST)Hembram Bakhul<br />
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== Kindly clear the pending DRAFT ASAP. ==<br />
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Hi, kindly Clear the pending draft asap so that a contributor like me gets the motivation to contribute more too this open and neutral place. <b>[[User:Marvel|<span style="color:black">Mar</span><span style="color:red">vel</span>]][[User talk:Marvel|(<span style="color:green">talk</span>)]]</b><br />
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== How to upload image ==<br />
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Hi WikiDwarf. I am User:VF814324. I am new here. How can I upload an Image with CC-BY-SA license? Wher to upload ? When I click on 'Upload file' button, it brings me to Wikimedia commons. Can I publish file locally on Bharatpedia? [[User:VF814324|VF814324]] ([[User talk:VF814324|talk]]) 13:45, 3 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{u|VF814324}} and welcome to Bharatpedia! Unfortunately uploading images locally is only limited to sysops at the moment so you can send the image along with its copyright permission to permission@bharatmedia.org. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:04, 4 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:: Thanks, I've mailed as you said. [[User:VF814324|VF814324]] ([[User talk:VF814324|talk]]) 17:59, 7 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== AFC Submission cleaned? ==<br />
Hey there, I hope you're doing well. I'm writing to get your attention on an error I faced.<br />
[[Draft:Sunil ydv SS]], a draft(stub) that I created and submitted around a month ago to AFC. Now, when I see, the AFC tag has disappeared and no reason is shown for this. I would request you to kindly check this issue as well as review this draft as I believe it qualifies [[Bharatpedia:Notability]]. Thank you & happy editing - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 13:56, 5 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:The same error occurred on another draft that I created [[Draft:Piyush Monga]], the AFC tag has been removed and no reason is shown. I would request you to kindly review this draft too. Thank you & happy editing. - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 18:50, 5 July 2021 (IST)<br />
::{{re|Plts}} The tags were removed by user [[User:Hembram_Bakhul|Hembram Bakhul]] at the time they moved both pages to the main namespace, but I have restored the tags on both drafts. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:02, 5 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:::{{re|WikiDwarf}} Thank you. - [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 11:49, 27 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Copyright issue ==<br />
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hey [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] a user - [[User:Hembram_Bakhul|Hembram Bakhul]] is copying the articles and pasting them here from English Wikipedia without any edits, just informing you as it may violate copyright. Ignore if it doesn't violate copyright policy. --[[User:Mailblog34|Mailblog34]] ([[User talk:Mailblog34|talk]]) 21:51, 7 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{reply|Mailblog34}} Hi, I think reusing Wikipedia content is generally allowed as per [[:en:Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content]]. [[User:Pradip89|Pradip89]] ([[User talk:Pradip89|talk]]) 08:42, 9 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Photo upload ==<br />
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Hi i want to upload photo but when I click on upload it take me to wikimedia which is wikipedia portal will you please guide me on it. --[[User:HamzhaSaleem|HamzhaSaleem]] ([[User talk:HamzhaSaleem|talk]]) 12:58, 8 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Protection Of Wikipedia Article ==<br />
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How to add protection to articles so as to stop dispute and vandalism.<br><br />
[[User:Wandererkanishk|Wandererkanishk]] ([[User talk:Wandererkanishk|talk]])<br />
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== article review ==<br />
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Hi [User:WikiDwarf] thanks for your suggestion on article [Sheikh Asif] will you please review it again thanks .<br />
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--[[User:HamzhaSaleem|HamzhaSaleem]] ([[User talk:HamzhaSaleem|talk]]) 21:14, 8 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Grant Me as a auto confirmed user ==<br />
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Hi, i want to be an auto confirmed user. As I have experience on english wikipedia. So I am much experienced about it. So I please grant me permission. Thanks [[User:Villageboy|Villageboy]] ([[User talk:Villageboy|talk]]) 16:13, 9 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{u|Villageboy}} and welcome to Bharatpedia! I can see you made 10 edits already so, your account will be automatically flagged as autoconfirmed on or after July 13, 2020. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:43, 10 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Haters are editing the pages ==<br />
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Hey wiki, the pages I have created are of public figures, entrepreneurs and places. But some of the people are editing and using harsh language on the page I have created. I request you to kindly give me permission to lock the pages or do it from your end. It would be great.<br />
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I am not contributing since one day because of this issue only. As soon as solved will start adding more pages which should be here.<br />
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Thankyou [[User:Saumyasingh|Saumyasingh]] ([[User talk:Saumyasingh|talk]]) 03:15, 11 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Add me admin member group ==<br />
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I am hembram Bakhul saying that I five hundred articles edited. I hoped that I shall work the best on Bharatpedia. <br />
[[User:Hembram Bakhul|Hembram Bakhul]] ([[User talk:Hembram Bakhul|talk]])Hembram Bakhul<br />
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== please publish this ==<br />
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hi [User:WikiDwarf] will you please review [https://en.wikipedia.ind.in/wiki/Draft:The_Press_Walla] and publish it .<br />
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--[[User:HamzhaSaleem|HamzhaSaleem]] ([[User talk:HamzhaSaleem|talk]]) 13:58, 14 July 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{u|HamzhaSaleem}}, The draft lacks sources that establish notability so, please cite some third party sources that cover the subject and submit it for a review once the draft is ready. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:15, 14 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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-- [[User:WikiDwarf]] thanks for your revert actually its a new eMagazine and news website maybe they will get more sources in future.--[[User:HamzhaSaleem|HamzhaSaleem]] ([[User talk:HamzhaSaleem|talk]]) 19:08, 14 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Draft Request ==<br />
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Hi [[User:WikiDwarf]],Since June 28, 2021, I am requesting a review of the article. I have attached many news sources and authority control to the article, but so far it has not been approved. I hope you will review the article. Thanks. [[Draft:Fuad Al-Qrize]] --[[User:Alialfaisal|Alialfaisal]] ([[User talk:Alialfaisal|talk]]) 04:17, 29 July 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Premtosh Debnath - Real Name Premtosh Nath ==<br />
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Dear Bharatpedia Admin Please Change Name Of Premtosh Debnath to Premtosh Nath, I Have His I card, Media Articles Added His name Premtosh Debnath some issue.[[Special:Contributions/47.29.9.5|47.29.9.5]] ([[User talk:47.29.9.5|talk]]) 01:49, 1 August 2021 (IST)<br />
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==Requirements for New page Reviewer==<br />
Hi [[User:WikiDwarf]] sir, Could you please help to know the minimum requirements for Bharatpedia New Page Reviewer? I can not find any article about the minimum requirements for Bharatpedia New Page Reviewer. [[User:WikiJoy|WikiJoy]] ([[User talk:WikiJoy|talk]]) 01:16, 14 August 2021 (IST) <br />
== Request ==<br />
Hi [[User:WikiDwarf]] sir, Could you please unprotected the user draft of Danish Maniyar he is Google notable entrepreneur of India guide me with it draft making I can make his name article page with him of urs please unprotected it . I'm help bharatpedia with my contribution I hope I can be patroller in bharatpedia please[[User: Lucasraven12|Lucasraven12]] ([[User talk:Lucasraven12|talk]])<br />
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== Sir, is BharatPedia a Paid, is that why he is not approving my page? ==<br />
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Dear <br />
Bhartpedia Team,<br />
<br />
I am Anshuman Tiwari, better known as Anshuman Tiwari Musician, from Dehradun, Uttarakhand. is an Indian Musician. And I am Verified On different music platforms like Spotify, Google Play Music, Apple Music, iTunes, Amazon Music, JioSaavn and many others international platforms like Deezer, Tidal and Napster. You get Anshuman Tiwari music on TikTok, Instagram or Facebook library also. and i am verified on facebook And Google.<br />
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anshumantiwariofficials<br />
<br />
Google: https://g.co/kgs/knU5xV<br />
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https://en.wikipedia.ind.in/wiki/Draft:Anshuman_Tiwari_(musician)<br />
<br />
Sir i am verified in so many platforms and i have lot of news on google.<br />
Sir why is my page being deleted from Bharatpedia?<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Sir, is BharatPedia a Paid, is that why he is not approving my page?<br />
<br />
Sir like this i got many complaints against in Bharatpedia, <br />
Sir this time I am making last time making a page.<br />
If it is deleted here then we will have to take further action<br />
:{{re|Iamanshumantiwari}} No, Bharatpedia is not a paid platform it's a free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Your article was deleted due to a lack of reliable sources that discuss the subject in detail, and cited sources are not reliable. Please see [[Bharatpedia:Reliable sources]] to understand what we consider reliable and also please see [[Bharatpedia:Notability (music)]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 20:56, 28 August 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Autoconfirmed... ==<br />
<br />
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}. I see you've admin rights on this platform. Can you please grant me autoconfirmed rights so that I can easily create a few templates. I was going through Random articles and found that there are a few articles with templates in RED. Hence this. [[User:Anjuman|Anjuman]] ([[User talk:Anjuman|talk]]) 19:01, 31 August 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{re|Anjuman}} You can apply for the user-right at [[Bharatpedia:Requests for permissions#Autopatrolled]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:14, 31 August 2021 (IST)<br />
::{{re|WikiDwarf}} Well, both the rights are different. Autopatrolled marks articles as patrolled whilst [[Bharatpedia:User access levels#Autoconfirmed and confirmed users|autoconfirmed]] is a right lower than that of Extended confirmed. I'll have a look at RfP later as autoconfirmed would be autogranted five days later, perhaps. Thanks. [[User:Anjuman|Anjuman]] ([[User talk:Anjuman|talk]]) 19:26, 31 August 2021 (IST)<br />
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==Fix the problem==<br />
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}} sir I have created a page in the name of [[Deepthi Sunaina]] 1 month ago, the article is marked as an Autopatrolled.But it is not showing on google. please look into it and fix the problem. [[User:WikiJoy|WikiJoy]] ([[User talk:WikiJoy|talk]]) 20:16, 11 September 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{re|WikiJoy}} I apologise for replying late. I have reviewed the most recent edit and it will be indexed soon. Also, please see [[Bharatpedia:New pages patrol/Reviewers]] to review the minimum requirements for NPR. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]])<br />
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== Autoconfirmed... ==<br />
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<br />
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}. I see you've admin rights on this platform. Can you please grant me #PATROLLERS, rights so that I can easily create a few templates. I was going through Random articles and found that there are a few articles with templates in RED. Hence this. [[User: Lucasraven12|Lucasraven12]] ([[User talk: Lucasraven12|talk]])<br />
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== Patroller ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}. I see you've admin rights on this platform. Can you please grant me #PATROLLERS, rights so that I can easily create a few templates. I was going through Random articles and found that there are a few articles with templates in RED. Hence this. [[User: Lucasraven12|Lucasraven12]] ([[User talk: Lucasraven12|talk]])<br />
==A mail==<br />
{{ygm}} [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 18:49, 23 September 2021 (IST) <br />
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== Patroller ==<br />
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<br />
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}. I see you've admin rights on this platform. Can you please grant me #PATROLLERS, rights so that I can easily create a few templates. I was going through Random articles and found that there are a few articles with templates in RED. Hence this. [[User: Lucasraven12|Lucasraven12]] ([[User talk: Lucasraven12|talk]])<br />
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== Reply ==<br />
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Why are you deleted [[Bikram Malati]] Article [[User:Emboy|Emboy]] ([[User talk:Emboy|talk]]) 22:19, 24 October 2021 (IST)<br />
:{{reply|Emboy}} I removed the article due to a lack of significant coverage in reliable sources. You can still recreate the article in the draft namespace by citing some reliable sources and then submit it for a review once ready. Also, please disclose if you have a conflict of interest. Thanks. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 22:27, 24 October 2021 (IST)<br />
== Patroller ==<br />
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<br />
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}. I see you've admin rights on this platform. Can you please grant me #PATROLLERS, rights so that I can easily create a few templates. I was going through Random articles and found that there are a few articles with templates in RED. Hence this. [[User: Lucasraven12|Lucasraven12]] ([[User talk: Lucasraven12|talk]])<br />
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== A barnstar for you! ==<br />
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{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"<br />
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]<br />
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Editor's Barnstar'''<br />
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|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you for edit my user-page [[User:WhiteLion|WhiteLion]] ([[User talk:WhiteLion|talk]]) 17:40, 7 November 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Strange yet.. ==<br />
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Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}; I've been on constant journeys since last two months and couldn't contribute to the project. I'm curious to know why my articles such as [[Aaqib Anjum Aafi]], [[Faiz Qureshi]] and [[First Aid Council of India]] haven't yet appeared on the Google. I do not see any lint errors in these articles and I plan to improve them more in few upcoming days. Looking for your assistance. [[User:Anjuman|Anjuman]] ([[User talk:Anjuman|talk]]) 13:06, 9 November 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{re|Anjuman}}, I don't see any issue with these pages and to me it sounds like they were not crawled by Google bot which is normal so you may contact the support team at info@bharatmedia.org for more details and help. Please let me know if I can help you with anything else. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 22:44, 9 November 2021 (IST)<br />
::{{re|Anjuman}} It seems like the problem has been resolved as I can now see these articles on Google. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:38, 14 November 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Confirmation Code ==<br />
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I have created a page and I am improving it [[Draft:Dakshina Kannada]] but when I tried to update info I got a text saying confirmation code,I did not get any confirmation .So could you please help me with this. [[User:AKudla|AKudla]] ([[User talk:AKudla|talk]]) 08:51, 11 November 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{reply|AKudla}} and welcome to Bharatpedia. Can you send the screenshot of the error you see to info@bharatmedia.org so it can be identified and solved? Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:58, 11 November 2021 (IST)<br />
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Thanks for your reply. [[User:AKudla|AKudla]] ([[User talk:AKudla|talk]]) 21:46, 11 November 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Draft submission ==<br />
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Hello admin. I created a draft article but i am unable to submit it for review. when i click on submit the draft for review button i see a blank page. can you check and fix? Thanx<br />
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:Hello {{u|111.91.4.188}} and welcome to Bharatpedia. The problem has been fixed and you can now submit your draft for review. Thank you for bringing this issue to my attention. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 21:09, 18 November 2021 (IST)<br />
==Fix the crawl issue==<br />
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}} sir I have started a page over 3 month before, which is not crawl in google. The page name is [[Swastik Interchem]]. The page is already marked as an Autopatrolled.But it is not showing on google. please look into it and fix the problem. [[User:Flying Bee|Flying Bee]] ([[User talk:Flying Bee|talk]]) 16:46, 2 December 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{u|Flying Bee}}, I don't see any issue with the page you mentioned above so please contact the support team at info@bharatmedia.org for more details and help. Please let me know if I can help you with anything else. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:18, 2 December 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Request for Remove Notable Tag ==<br />
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Dear Administrator [[Pranab Kr Nath]] is a Notable Person From His Father [[Premtosh_Debnath]], Dear Administrator You can Remove Notable Tag, Because This Page First Rank On Pranab Kr Nath Keyword. [[User:GBPrakashani|GBPrakashani]] ([[User talk:GBPrakashani|talk]]) 01:42, 3 December 2021 (IST)<br />
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== Give me administrator ==<br />
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wikidawarf make me administrator [[User:Emboy|€ⓜ𝓫ᵒЎ]] 21:39, 4 December 2021 (IST)<br />
:Hello {{u|Emboy}}, you can nominate yourself at [[Bharatpedia:Requests for adminship/Nominate]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 21:47, 4 December 2021 (IST)<br />
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== RfA status ==<br />
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Hello WikiDwarf,<br />
<br />
It has been a long time I submitted my request for adminship, but I have not yet received any notification so may I know the status? Thanks. [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 15:21, 18 December 2021 (IST)<br />
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:{{re|Ajay Kumar}} First of all, I apologise for the delay in responding to your message. Please confirm that you have a strong password and also link your email address to your account so I can proceed with further actions. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 11:38, 4 January 2022 (IST)<br />
::{{ping|WikiDwarf}} I confirm that i have a strong password and i have linked my email address. [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 20:36, 4 January 2022 (IST)<br />
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== Indian languages ==<br />
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Hello WikiDwarf! Hope you are doing well! I saw Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi Bharatpedia wiki links in this English Bharatpedia main page. Punjabi link doesn't work. I don't know why? Another thing, I just want to request you to build up Manipuri language Bharatpedia also. For that, I will give you full support because I know Manipuri, Hindi, Urdu, English at native level. I can also ask some people from WMF Manipuri Wikipedia, Wiktionary and the building Wikimedia incubator teams to come here. Could you please organize Manipuri Bharatpedia (Meitei Bharatpedia)? [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 18:46, 27 December 2021 (IST)<br />
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:Hello {{u|SonOfZeus}}, Can you send your request to info@bharatmedia.org for better support on this? The link to Punjabi Bharatpedia (pa.bharatpedia.org.in) is working from my side but, if you see any error please attach the screenshot in your email. Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:16, 27 December 2021 (IST)<br />
::Yes Sir! I sent the request to the email address you provide me. Well, for the inability to open that very Bharatpedia, it's actually Bengali, I mistakenly told you as Punjabi. For that, I sent you the screenshot of unable to open the Bengali Bharatpedia. For Punjabi, it's normal. [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 19:34, 27 December 2021 (IST)<br />
:::Sir! I have created and designed the Manipuri Bharatpedia main page. I want a Bharatpedia logo to be used in the main page. Is there any logo file uploaded? [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 22:30, 28 December 2021 (IST)<br />
::::That's great and thank you. I tried to upload the SVG version of the logo but that's working so I have to get a better version. I'll try to upload it tomorrow and let you know. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 22:51, 28 December 2021 (IST)<br />
::::{{Ygm}} [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 23:11, 28 December 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::Sir! Will it be very hasty for me to request for adminship in Bharatpedia? Actually, I want to do some administrative works both at English as well as Meitei Bharatpedias. Or, please grant me importer right for Meitei Bharatpedia! [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 10:46, 29 December 2021 (IST)<br />
:::::Besides, I am very happy to see our Indian Bharatpedia proliferating very well. Is there any point of connection between the equivalent articles of different languages with one another like WMF does through Wikidata? I saw we have 5 languages in Bharatpedia. Absolutely, there will be equivalent articles. [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 10:35, 29 December 2021 (IST)<br />
::::::We have Bharatdata (bharatdata.org) but for some technical reasons it's not working as expected and the team is working to fix the issue. As soon as it is fixed you will be notified and then you will be able to link all articles. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:44, 29 December 2021 (IST)<br />
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:::::::I saw all the articles from Meitei Wikipedia present in Meitei Bharatpedia. How is it possible? Are all of them being imported? If so, who did it? May I know? As I see, I don't see your user account doing these imports. [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 10:15, 30 December 2021 (IST)<br />
::::::::Those articles were imported by the technical team who has access to some advanced features. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:54, 30 December 2021 (IST)<br />
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:::::::::{{Ygm}}<br />
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== Deletion of a blank draft ==<br />
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Hi,<br />
Can you delete [[Draft:Pankaj Kumar]] so I can remove unnecessary disambiguation from [[Draft:Pankaj Kumar (Film Maker)]]?<br />
Thanks, [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 12:33, 8 January 2022 (IST)<br />
:{{re|Ajay Kumar}} Done. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 13:33, 8 January 2022 (IST)<br />
== Logo ==<br />
Is the logo for the Bharatpedia ready? If so, I would like to edit a version for [[Meitei Bharatpedia]]? I want to edit in a way like [[Meitei Wikipedia]] has a version from the main Wikipedia logo, like this one: [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-mni-v2.svg|thumb]]<br />
Another thing, I have a mail for you, about another topic. :-) <br />
{{Ygm}} Regards! [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 20:37, 9 January 2022 (IST)<br />
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== Please protect this page. ==<br />
<br />
Hello Dear,<br />
WikiDwarf<br />
<br />
Hope you doing well, I face some issue with this page. Some people are flirting in this page. Please protect this page.<br />
<br />
https://en.bharatpedia.org.in/wiki/Anshuman_Tiwari_(musician)<br />
<br />
Thank You<br />
:{{tps}} {{Ping|Coolblack4}} I don't see anyone except you and WikiDwarf editing the page. And there's no sign of vandalism or edit warring in the page history. So, it's not eligible for protection. [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 18:36, 16 January 2022 (IST)<br />
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::{{reply|SonOfZeus}} <br />
::Sir, Please protect this page. Many people are spoiling it. and remove the tag. [[User:Coolblack4|Coolblack4]] ([[User talk:Coolblack4|talk]]) 13:59, 7 February 2022 (IST)<br />
<br />
:::{{Ping|Coolblack4}} The page has a vandal edit only once as of now. It has been reverted. So, as of now, it's not suitable for protection. Well, I put it at my watchlist. If further vandalism occurs, I will take appropriate actions. Happy editing! [[User:SonOfZeus|SonOfZeus]] ([[User talk:SonOfZeus|talk]]) 20:07, 9 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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== A barnstar for you! ==<br />
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{| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"<br />
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]<br />
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar'''<br />
|-<br />
|style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Can give me permission Google knowledge panel [[User:Merajul Islam|Merajul Islam]] ([[User talk:Merajul Islam|talk]]) 20:13, 28 January 2022 (IST)<br />
|}<br />
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== Please edit my page by uploading Picture ==<br />
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My page is created by you, Picture is not uploaded please upload it and review my page https://wikipedia.ind.in/wiki/Piyush_Singh_Chauhan [[User:Anonymous12|Anonymous12]] ([[User talk:Anonymous12|talk]]) 08:31, 1 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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== I have already made this page better now and now I have added many references in it from less references earlier. ==<br />
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Dear Sir,<br />
I have already made this page better now and now I have added many references in it from less references earlier. <br />
Now don't put any tag in this page sir!<br />
Thank You 🙏<br />
<br />
https://en.bharatpedia.org.in/wiki/Anshuman_Tiwari_(musician) [[User:Coolblack4|Coolblack4]] ([[User talk:Coolblack4|talk]]) 19:30, 2 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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Hello {{reply|Coolblack4}} and welcome to my talk page. Most of the sources you cited aren't reliable such as spotify.com, factdarshantimes.com, yourwikis.com and many more. Please cite some reliable sources in order to remove maintenance tags. If you need any help please feel free to ask. Thanks, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:46, 2 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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Thank you so much sir for letting me know. Sir, from which such site can you tell me the list or you can remove those sites and make this page good.<br />
Thank You So Much Sir [[User:Coolblack4|Coolblack4]] ([[User talk:Coolblack4|talk]]) 19:54, 2 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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{{user|WikiDwarf}} Sir, I removed the names of the sites which you told me.bEven after that you put the tag. Sir earlier this page did not have any tag. Please correct this page and remove the tag. Thank you sir 🙏 [[User:Coolblack4|Coolblack4]] ([[User talk:Coolblack4|talk]]) 14:07, 3 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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:{{reply|Coolblack4}} Please review [[BP:RS]] to understand what we consider to be reliable sources. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:34, 3 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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{{user|WikiDwarf}}<br />
Sir, now reliable sources have been added to this page. Now you can remove the tag. [[User:Coolblack4|Coolblack4]] ([[User talk:Coolblack4|talk]]) 17:27, 4 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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{{reply|WikiDwarf}}<br />
Sir please protect this page and remove the tag. [[User:Coolblack4|Coolblack4]] ([[User talk:Coolblack4|talk]]) 09:18, 7 February 2022 (IST)<br />
<br />
== Please protect this page. Many people are spoiling it. ==<br />
<br />
Dear Sir,<br />
Please protect this page. Many people are spoiling it.<br />
{{page|Anshuman Tiwari (musician}}<br />
https://en.bharatpedia.org.in/wiki/Anshuman_Tiwari_(musician) [[User:Coolblack4|Coolblack4]] ([[User talk:Coolblack4|talk]]) 09:15, 7 February 2022 (IST)<br />
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== [[Draft:Annamalai K]] ==<br />
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Can you please review this and move to article space. It was already there in Wikipidea but now in Draft space. It is already present in other wikis. I don't think any review is taking place. This article is good one.<br />
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[[User:Tamil123|Tamil123]] ([[User talk:Tamil123|talk]]) 22:47, 11 February 2022 (IST)</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._Annamalai&diff=303384K. Annamalai2022-02-11T10:55:12Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
|native_name_lang=ta}}<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
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While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._Annamalai&diff=303383K. Annamalai2022-02-11T10:54:10Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div>{{AFC submission/draft}}<br />
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{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
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=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
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While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
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==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
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=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:Requested_articles/requests&diff=303382Bharatpedia:Requested articles/requests2022-02-11T10:49:24Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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*[[Pankaj kumar (Actor)]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annamalai_Kuppusamy&diff=303296Annamalai Kuppusamy2022-02-10T16:44:32Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
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=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
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While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
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==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
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=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
[[:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[:Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[:Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[:Category:Living people]]<br />
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{{AfC submission|||ts=20211225220637|u=Tamil123|ns=118}}</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annamalai_Kuppusamy&diff=303294Annamalai Kuppusamy2022-02-10T16:43:50Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
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=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
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While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
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==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
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=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
[[:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[:Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[:Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[:Category:Living people]]<br />
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{{AfC submission|||ts=20211115220637|u=Tamil123|ns=118}}</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annamalai_Kuppusamy&diff=303293Annamalai Kuppusamy2022-02-10T16:43:08Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
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<div>{{AFC submission/draft}}<br />
<!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --><br />
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{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
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=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
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While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
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==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
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=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
[[:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[:Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[:Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[:Category:Living people]]<br />
<br />
{{AfC submission|||ts=20211015220637|u=Tamil123|ns=118}}</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annamalai_Kuppusamy&diff=303290Annamalai Kuppusamy2022-02-10T16:36:37Z<p>Tamil123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{AFC submission/draft}}<br />
<!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --><br />
<br />
{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
<br />
=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
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==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
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=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
[[:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[:Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[:Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[:Category:Living people]]<br />
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{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
<br />
=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
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=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
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=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
[[:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[:Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[:Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[:Category:Living people]]</div>Tamil123https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annamalai_Kuppusamy&diff=303288Annamalai Kuppusamy2022-02-10T16:35:12Z<p>Tamil123: Created page with "{{AFC submission/draft}} <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> {{Short description|Indian Politician}} {{Draft topics|biography|south-asia}} {{AfC topic|blp}} {{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy | native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி | birth_name = | birth_date..."</p>
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<div>{{AFC submission/draft}}<br />
<!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --><br />
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{{Short description|Indian Politician}}<br />
{{Draft topics|biography|south-asia}}<br />
{{AfC topic|blp}}<br />
{{short description|Former IPS Officer and politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Annāmalai Kuppusāmy<br />
| native_name = அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|06|04|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| education = [[Bachelor of Engineering]], <br> [[Master of Business Administration]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]] <br> [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Former IPS officer|Politician|Agriculturist}}<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| spouse = Akila SwamiNathan<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relations = <br />
| office = Tamil Nadu State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start = 15 July 2021<br />
| predecessor = [[L. Murugan]]<br />
| office1 = Tamil Nadu State Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| term_start1 = 29 August 2020<br />
| term_end1 = 14 July 2021<br />
| parents = Kuppusāmy, Parameshwari<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Annamalai Kuppusamy''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அண்ணாமலை குப்புசாமி) is an Indian politician, former [[IPS officer]] and state president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed as the president of Tamil Nadu BJP by national president Jagath Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021.<ref name="An">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Annamalai quits post, likely to join Tamil Nadu BJP - The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/may/29/ips-officer-annamalai-quits-post-likely-to-join-tamil-nadu-bjp-1983161.amp|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> He officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 25 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title='I am a natural fit in the BJP': Former IPS officer K Annamalai set to join party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-natural-fit-bjp-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-set-join-party-131505}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 4 June 1984 in an agricultural family at Sokkampatti village next to ChinnaDharapuram, [[Karur]]. He belongs to the [[Kongu Vellalar|Kongu Vellala Gounder]] community. His parents are Kuppusamy and Parameswari. He was married to Akila Swaminathan. He has two children.<ref>{{cite web|author=Prajwal Bhat|date=28 May 2019|title=B'luru DCP 'Singam' Annamalai quits, says IPS officer's death made him 're-examine' life|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bluru-dcp-singam-annamalai-quits-says-ips-officers-death-made-him-re-examine-life-102539|publisher=The NEWS Minute|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Times Now Digital|date=28 May 2019|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|publisher=TIMESNOWNEWS.COM|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
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He completed his schooling in Karur and Namakkal districts and then moved on to obtain graduation in Mechanical Engineering from [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy - PSG Tech Alumni Association|url=http://alumni.psgtech.ac.in/profile/view/annamalai-kuppusamy|access-date=2022-02-10|website=alumni.psgtech.ac.in|language=en-us}}</ref> Following that, Annamalai completed his [[Master of Business Administration]] from the [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. then he was the 2011 batch topper in UPSC [[Civil Services Examination]]. He is fluent in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[English language|English]], and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|title = 'Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|date = 26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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== Social activist ==<br />
Annamalai Kuppusamy is the founder of '''We the Leaders Foundation (WTLF)''' which is a non-profit organization promoting organic agriculture, modern agriculture tech, and other training activity. He founded IAS coaching institutions for poor and deserving candidates in [[Karur district]] and [[Coimbatore district]]. He is also interested in Organic farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/fyi/who-is-ips-annamalai-kuppuswamy-singham-of-karnataka-bjp-644702|title = Who is IPS Annamalai Kuppuswamy, once hailed as Singham of Udupi?|date = 25 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Police career ==<br />
Annamalai is known for his work as part of the police force and has also been called as "''Karnataka Singham''".<ref name="An2">{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=30 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> He was a 2011 batch IPS officer and he started his police career as the Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karkala sub-division in [[Udupi]] district of [[Karnataka]] in September 2013 where he was later promoted in 1 January 2015 as a Superintendent of Police in the same location and served there as an SP till August, 2016. He was then transferred to [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] district of Karnataka and continued as an SP till October 2018. He got promoted as a Deputy Commissioner of Police, Bengaluru south in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moneycontrol News|date=31 May 2019|title=Bengaluru's 'Singham' IPS officer quits police force after senior's death|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/bengalurus-singham-ips-officer-quits-police-force-after-seniors-death-4038521.html|publisher=Moneycontrol|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Assistant Superintendent of police in Karkala ===<br />
Annamalai joined the police service in 2011, and his first posting took him to [[Karkala]] in Karnataka as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Assistant Superintendent of police]]. Here, he spearheaded an awareness campaign against drug abuse and sale of tobacco, shutting down several illegal liquor shops. He held seminars in colleges against drug addiction, and set up complaint boxes where students could post anonymous tips about illegal activities.{{fact|date=January 2022}}<br />
<br />
=== Superintendent of police in Udupi ===<br />
Between January 2015 and August 2016, he was posted as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of police]] in [[Udupi district]]<nowiki/>t. It was during this stint that he investigated his first murder case, involving a 17-year-old student who was also raped by her assailants. Speaking to Press, Annamalai said the teenager’s grief-stricken mother had looked him right in the eyes and asked if he could bring back her daughter. Later, Annamalai instituted a Rs 10,000 scholarship in the victim’s name, given annually to the girl who tops Class 10 in the Byndoor taluka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Livemint|date=2021-07-08|title=Meet K Annamalai, the youngest Tamil Nadu BJP president ever|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/meet-k-annamalai-the-youngest-president-tamil-nadu-bjp-ever-11625761349905.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><br />
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While still in Udupi, Annamalai once walked over to a provision store and asked for cigarettes, ''gutka'' and bidis. When the shopkeeper gave him the stuff, Annamalai immediately slapped a Rs 30,000 fine on him for selling the products despite their sales being banned at general stores. "Pay this amount today or you will end up paying a lakh tomorrow," he warned him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2019-04-27|title=Urban Legend: Udupi's Singham, Annamalai, the philosopher-cop|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270419/urban-legend-udupis-singhamannamalai-the-philosopher-cop.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Studied Islam ===<br />
It was during his tenure in Udupi — located near Bhatkal in the neighbouring district of Uttara Kannada — that Annamalai developed a deep interest in Islam, he said. Bhatkal is a hotbed of [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist radicalisation]] and the birthplace of the Indian Mujahideen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
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Annamalai decided to study religion to "understand what led to the misinterpretation of religious texts and caused widespread radicalisation". "I studied the Quran and Hadith with the help of the religious scholars. I tried to understand the philosophy. It helped me understand the psyche behind terror organisations like the Indian Mujahideen, SIMI and ISIS that had spread its tentacles around the Bhatkal-Kundapura region," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title='Singham' Annamalai — the IPS officer, engineer & MBA who studied Islam to fight terror|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/singham-annamalai-the-ips-officer-engineer-mba-who-studied-islam-to-fight-terror/488938/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Deputy Commissioner of police in Bangalore South ===<br />
The next transfer took him to [[Chikmagalur]] until October 2018. In 2017, the area, rife with communal tensions, witnessed riots after a group of miscreants vandalised the Dattatreya Bababudan Swamy Dargah. As the superintendent of police, Annamalai organised several peace meetings to defuse tensions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-16|title=Why Annamalai was chosen over senior leaders to lead BJP in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-annamalai-was-chosen-over-senior-leaders-lead-bjp-tamil-nadu-152437|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Resignment ===<br />
He was serving as the [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Bengaluru South, when he decided to quit in 2019. In his resignation letter, Annamalai said it was not a sudden decision but a well-thought-out one rooted in a 2018 trip to Kailash Mansarovar. The death of a respected senior helped the realisation take a deeper hold. "My trip to Kailash Mansarovar made me introspect. The death of IPS officer Madhukar Shetty, 47, in December 2018, made me look back at my life," he had told Press at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=ChennaiJuly 8|first1=Pramod Madhav|last2=July 8|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 20:54|title=BJP appoints former IPS officer K Annamalai as Tamil Nadu unit chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-appoints-former-ips-officer-k-annamalai-as-tamil-nadu-unit-chief-1825665-2021-07-08|access-date=2022-01-17|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
After resignment, Annamalai has been influenced by the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Annamalai also met with Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] chief [[Amit Shah]] and revealed how impressed he was with the RSS and wanted to do something different in life.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Karnataka's Singham' Annamalai to join RSS and start 'shakha' in Coimbatore?|url=https://www.mynation.com/politics/karnataka-singham-annamalai-join-rss-start-shakha-coimbatore-ps7zjf|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-22|title=Political plunge? No plans, says Annamalai|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/political-plunge-no-plans-says-annamalai-735386.html|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-28|title=Bengaluru DCP K Annamalai, 'Singham' of Karnataka, quits IPS; likely to join politics|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengaluru-dcp-k-annamalai-singham-of-karnataka-quits-ips-likely-to-join-politics-2754647|access-date=2020-07-29|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He is also a fan of [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prakash Upadhyaya|date=18 May 2020|title=Ex-IPS officer K Annamalai announces his entry to politics, to contest next election from Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ex-ips-officer-k-annamalai-announces-his-entry-politics-contest-next-election-tamil-nadu-820183|work=International Business Times|accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-Super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics : 'I am a big fan of Modi'│Daijiworld Television - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSAdl6jmvBs&app=desktop&persist_app=1|access-date=2020-07-29|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former super cop Annamalai hints at joining politics - 'I am a big fan of Modi'|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=665135|access-date=2020-07-31|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> On 25 August 2020, a year after quitting the police force, he officially joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the presence of BJP national general secretary [[P. Muralidhar Rao]] and BJP president of Tamil Nadu [[L. Murugan]].<ref>[[https://theprint.in/politics/karnatakas-ex-ips-officer-singham-annamalai-joins-bjp-will-fight-polls-from-tamil-nadu/488739/]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/annamalai-kuppusamy-71767.html|title = Annamalai Kuppusamy: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia}}</ref><br />
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==== Bringing BJP nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu ====<br />
Annamalai's induction into the BJP comes about a year before the state heads for assembly elections in the summer of 2021 — the first election since the death of political stalwarts Jayalalithaa of the AIADMK and M. Karunanidhi of the DMK.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Former cop K Annamalai joins BJP, promises to bring 'nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-cop-k-annamalai-joins-bjp-promises-bring-nationalist-spirit-tamil-nadu-131548|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 25|first1=Shanmughasundaram J. / TNN / Updated|last2=2020|last3=Ist|first3=15:16|title=Annamalai IPS: Former Karnataka IPS officer K Annamalai joins BJP, says he will work to bring national spirit to Tamil Nadu {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/k-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-he-will-work-to-bring-national-spirit-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/77739178.cms|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><br />
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The BJP, a fringe player in Tamil Nadu, is in alliance with the ruling AIADMK in the state. Asked if he will be the party’s CM candidate, or will handle another similar responsibility within the party, Annamalai said he has joined the BJP as "a loyal foot-soldier" and will work to "bring the party’s nationalist spirit to Tamil Nadu". Talking to reporters in Delhi after his induction Tuesday, he invoked the ancient Tamil text [[Thirukkural]] to describe Modi as a true leader. "I come from a land which is historic and, in this beautiful [[Thirukkural]], it talks about the qualities a king and an administrator should have. It talks about fearlessness, it talks about courage, it talks about (having a) giving spirit, it talks about knowledge. I see all four of these in our Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] ''ji'' and all the eminent people of the BJP," he said.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-IPS officer Annamalai joins BJP, says will bring 'nationalistic spirit' to Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/aug/25/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalistic-spirit-to-tamil-nadu-2188035.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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"I have decided that I should strengthen the movement that the party stands for to bring that nationalist spirit to the state of Tamil Nadu," he added. "I will try my best as a loyal soldier of the party to dedicate my time and energy to further this cause across Tamil Nadu and India It is a privilege to join the BJP."<ref>{{cite news|title=DMK thrives on religious politics, not BJP: K Annamalai|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/25/dmk-thrives-on-religious-politics-not-bjpk-annamalai-2281200.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 Aug 2021|title='Aim is to "Bringing Nationalist spirit to TamilNadu - says BJP chief Annamalai - The Federal|work=The Federal|url=https://thefederal.com/news/ex-ips-officer-annamalai-joins-bjp-says-will-bring-nationalist-spirit-to-tn/}}</ref><br />
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=== Elections ===<br />
Annamalai contested in Aravakurichi Constituency in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election]] in spite of being a first-time contestant, and the constituency is considered a bastion of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party, he polled 38.71% votes and came second largely because of his no-nonsense image as a police officer, and his reaching out to the minority voters of the rural constituency during his campaigns. <ref>{{cite news|title=I'm son of soil, know problems first-hand: Ex-IPS officer Annamalai campaigns in Aravakurichi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/ex-ips-annamalai-campaigns-in-aravakurichi-1784529-2021-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu polls: BJP's Annamalai giving DMK a run for its money|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadu-polls-bjps-annamalai-giving-dmk-a-run-for-its-money/articleshow/81918519.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aravakurichi constituency gears up for mega duel|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/aravakurichi-constituency-gears-up-for-mega-duel/article34193034.ece}}</ref> After L. Muruagan was made union minister, Annamalai was made president of Tamil Nadu unit of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ahead-of-tamil-nadu-polls-bjp-ropes-in-former-ips-officer-annamalai-kuppusamy/articleshow/77745320.cms?from=mdr|title = Ahead of Tamil Nadu polls, BJP ropes in former IPS officer Annamalai Kuppusamy|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Venugopal|first1 = Vasudha}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
[[:Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Indian police officers]]<br />
[[:Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[:Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]<br />
[[:Category:Karnataka Police]]<br />
[[:Category:Living people]]</div>Tamil123