Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

M. M. Naravane

2026-05-08T02:31:00Z

Svetloxf: added a info - done

{{Short description|28th Chief of the Army Staff (India)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[General (India)|General]]
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|PVSM|AVSM|SM|VSM}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = General Manoj Mukund Naravane PVSM AVSM SM VSM ADC (1).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official portrait, 2020
| office = Acting [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
| status =
| term_start = 15 December 2021
| term_end = 30 April 2022
| president = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor = [[Bipin Rawat]]
| successor = [[Anil Chauhan]]
| office1 = 28th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]
| term_start1 = 31 December 2019
| term_end1 = 30 April 2022
| president1 = Ram Nath Kovind
| prime_minister1 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor1 = Bipin Rawat
| successor1 = [[Manoj Pande]]
| office2 = 40th [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]]
| term_start2 = 1 September 2019
| term_end2 = 31 December 2019
| president2 = Ram Nath Kovind
| prime_minister2 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor2 = [[Devraj Anbu]]
| successor2 = [[Satinder Kumar Saini]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/lt-gen-sk-saini-appointed-vice-chief-of-indian-army/articleshow/73595561.cms |title = Lt Gen SK Saini appointed Vice Chief of Indian Army | Pune News - Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=25 January 2020 }}</ref>
| office3 = [[Eastern Command (India)|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command]]
| term_start3 = 1 October 2018
| term_end3 = 31 August 2019
| predecessor3 = [[Abhay Krishna]]
| successor3 = Anil Chauhan
| office4 = [[Army Training Command (India)|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Army Training Command]]
| term_start4 = 1 December 2017
| term_end4 = 30 September 2018
| predecessor4 = [[Dewan Rabindranath Soni]]
| successor4 = [[Pattacheruvanda C. Thimayya]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|04|22|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lt-gen-manoj-naravane-to-succeed-gen-bipin-rawat-as-next-army-chief/story-t1atBNDIpoveREJdktlh7N.html|title=Lt Gen Manoj Naravane to succeed Gen Bipin Rawat as next army chief|date=16 December 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
| death_date =
| birth_place = [[Pune]], Bombay State, India
| death_place =
| education = [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] [[Indian Military Academy]] [[University of Madras]] [[Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya]]
| birth_name = Manoj Mukund Naravane
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| service_years = June 1980 – 30 April 2022
| rank = [[File:General of the Indian Army.svg|22px]] [[General (India)|General]]
| military_blank1 = Service number
| military_data1 = IC-38750H<ref name="pvsm"/>
| unit = [[File:Sikh Light Infantry Insignia (India).svg|11px]] [[Sikh Light Infantry|7 Sikh Light Infantry]]
| commands = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Eastern Command, Indian Army.png|20px]] [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]
* [[File:Army Training Command.png|20px]] [[Army Training Command (India)|Army Training Command]]
* [[File:Hq Delhi Area.png|20px]]Delhi Area
* [[II Corps (India)|II Corps]]
* [[File:Assam Rifles LOGO.svg|20px]] [[Assam Rifles|IGAR (North)]]
* 106 Infantry Brigade
* [[File:Rashtriya Rifles Logo.svg|20px]] [[Rashtriya Rifles|2 RR (SikhLI)]]
}}
| battles =
| battles_label =
| military_blank2 = Awards
| military_data2 = {{plainlist|
* [[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[File:Sena Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Sena Medal]]
* [[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}
| spouse = Veena Naravane
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website =
| other_name =
| memorials =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module =
}}

[[General (India)|General]] '''Manoj Mukund Naravane'''{{efn|{{langx|mr|मनोज मुकुन्द नरवणे|Manōja Mukunda Naravaṇē}}}} {{post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM|AVSM|VSM|SM}} (born 22 April 1960) is a retired [[Indian Army]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] who served as the [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|28th Chief of the Army Staff]] (COAS),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2019-12-16 |title=Lt. Gen. Manoj Mukund Naravane to be next Army Chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-to-be-next-army-chief/article30322649.ece |access-date=2024-05-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> as well as the temporary [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]] from 15 December 2021 until his superannuation on 30 April 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhalla |first1=Abhishek |title=Old system till new CDS appointed: Gen Naravane as senior-most service chief fills in for Gen Bipin Rawat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/old-system-new-cds-army-chief-general-naravane-bipin-rawat-1888316-2021-12-16 |access-date=16 December 2021 |work=India Today |date=16 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=General Manoj Naravane retires as Army chief, Prez Kovind, Rajnath bid him adieu |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/general-manoj-naravane-retires-as-army-chief-prez-kovind-rajnath-bid-him-adieu-101651308013993.html |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

He took over as COAS from [[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]] on 31 December 2019. Prior to his appointment as the COAS, the general officer served as the [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|40th Vice Chief of Army Staff]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Lt Gen MM Naravane assumes appointment of VCOAS |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1583769 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> of the [[Indian Army]], [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] (GOC-in-C) of [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web |date=October 2018 |title=Lt Gen Manoj Mukund Naravane takes over as GOC-in-C of Indian Army's Eastern Command |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/oct/01/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-takes-over-as-goc-in-c-of-indian-armys-eastern-command-1879686.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> and [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] of [[Army Training Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2017 |title=Lt Gen Naravane takes over as ARTRAC chief |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachal/lt-gen-naravane-takes-over-as-artrac-chief-506687 |archive-date= |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> He also served as [[II Corps (India)|General Officer Commanding II Corps]] and also as [[General officer commanding|General Officer Commanding]] Delhi Area.

==Early life and education==
Manoj Mukund Naravane was born on 22 April 1960 in [[Pune]], [[Bombay State]], nine days before the formation of [[Maharashtra]], to [[Chitpavan Brahmins|Chitpavan Brahmin]] parents.<ref>{{cite news|title=Interesting facts about Lieutenant General Manoj Mukund Naravane who is becoming the new army chief|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/interesting-facts-about-lieutenant-general-manoj-mukund-naravane/articleshow/72830204.cms|publisher=Business Insider|access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/mumbai/manoj-naravane-will-be-next-army-chief-after-bipin-rawats-retirement-723040|title=महाराष्ट्राचे सुपूत्र मनोज नरवणे होणार लष्करप्रमुख|first=एबीपी माझा वेब|last=टीम|date=16 December 2019|website=marathi.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanil |first=Sharan |date=2021-12-16 |title=General Naravane Steps Into Late CDS Rawat's Role |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/people/personalities/general-mm-naravane-steps-into-late-cds-rawats-role-heres-some-details-on-the-armymans-long-career/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=Man's World India |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-12 |title=10 Remarkable Moments in General Manoj Mukund Naravane's Life |url=https://officersdetails.com/manoj-mukund-naravane/ |access-date=2026-02-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> His father, Mukund Naravane, is a former officer in the [[Indian Air Force]] who retired in the rank of [[Wing commander (rank)|wing commander]] and his mother Sudha was an announcer with the [[All India Radio]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pune: Studious and humble, recall next Army chief's classmates and teacher|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/studious-and-humble-recall-next-army-chiefs-classmates-teacher/articleshow/72785262.cms |website=The Times of India |date=17 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> He completed his schooling at the [[Jnana Prabodhini Prashala]] in [[Pune]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lt Gen Manoj Mukund Naravane set to be next Army Chief |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-set-to-be-next-army-chief/amp/ar-BBY46S2 |access-date=22 September 2020 |agency=The Indian Express}}</ref>

He is an alumnus of [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]], [[Pune]] and [[Indian Military Academy]], [[Dehradun]]. He also holds a master's degree in Defence Studies from [[University of Madras]], [[Chennai]] and an [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil.]] in Defence and Management Studies from [[Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya]], [[Indore]] and he is also pursuing PhD in defence and strategic studies from [[Punjabi University, Patiala]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The hunt for India's new army chief is on-- here's a profile of the senior-most contender|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-new-army-chief-lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-senior-most-in-the-race/articleshow/69956369.cms|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Business Insider|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222093721/https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-new-army-chief-lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-senior-most-in-the-race/articleshow/69956369.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> Naravane has attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]], [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]] and the [[Army War College, Mhow]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Military career ==
[[File:Lieutenant General Manoj Mukund Naravane, General Officer Commanding, Delhi Area on the occasion of 71st Independence Day, in Delhi on August 15, 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Naravane on Independence Day in Delhi, August 15, 2017]]
[[File:CDS General Bipin Rawat with COAS General Manoj Mukund Naravane, CNS Admiral Karambir Singh and CAS Air Chief Marshal R.K.S. Bhadauria after the ceremonial Guard of Honour, in New Delhi on January 01, 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Bipin Rawat]], Naravane (left), [[Karambir Singh]] and [[R. K. S. Bhadauria]] in 2020]]

Gen Naravane was commissioned into 7th battalion [[Sikh Light Infantry|The Sikh Light Infantry]] in June 1980. He has commanded the 2nd [[Battalion]] ([[Sikh Light Infantry|SikhLi]]) of [[Rashtriya Rifles]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] as well as the 106 Infantry brigade. He has also commanded the [[Assam Rifles]] as Inspector General (North) in [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]]. He has served in [[Counterinsurgency operations|Counter-insurgency operations]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Northeast India]], as well as the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] in [[Sri Lanka]] during [[Operation Pawan]].<ref name="coas-appointed">{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=195923|title=Lt Gen M.M. Naravane appointed as Chief of Army Staff|date=2019-12-17}}</ref> The general officer's staff assignments include tenures as a [[brigade major]] of an Infantry Brigade, Assistant Adjutant & Quartermaster General (AA&QMG) of Headquarters Establishment No. 22. He has also served as the [[Defence Attache|Military attaché]] to [[Myanmar]] at [[Yangon]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/lt-gen-naravane-takes-over-as-artrac-chief/506687.html|title=Lt Gen Naravane takes over as ARTRAC chief|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203155307/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/lt-gen-naravane-takes-over-as-artrac-chief/506687.html|archive-date=2017-12-03}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-takes-over-gen-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-artrac/states/news/1063937.html|title=Lt Gen Manoj Mukund Naravane takes over Gen officer Commanding-in-chief of ARTRAC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204231823/http://www.uniindia.com/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-takes-over-gen-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-artrac/states/news/1063937.html|archive-date=2017-12-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/in-break-from-past-lt-gen-doesnt-stand-behind-prime-minister-during-speech-4798628/|title=In break from past, Lt Gen doesn't stand behind Prime Minister during speech|date=2017-08-16|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-12-04|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816020122/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/in-break-from-past-lt-gen-doesnt-stand-behind-prime-minister-during-speech-4798628/|archive-date=2017-08-16|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Manoj Mukund Naravane.jpg|thumb|Naravane during a virtual meeting]]
In addition, he served in an instructional appointment at the [[Army War College, Mhow|Army War College]], [[Mhow]] as Directing Staff in the Higher Command Wing and two tenures at the [[Integrated Defence Staff]] Headquarters of [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1596687|title=Lt Gen M.M. Naravane appointed as Chief of Army Staff|website=pib.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref>

[[File:Lieutenant General Manoj Mukund Naravane, Army Commander Eastern Command, visited MISA Camp.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Naravane (front, left) as GOC-in-C [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] in 2019. [[Manoj Pande|General Manoj Pande]], who succeeded Naravane as [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]], is also seen (front, right). ]]

On promotion to the rank of [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant general]], he commanded the [[Ambala]]-based [[II Corps (India)|Kharga Strike Corps]] and served as the [[general officer commanding]] (GOC) Delhi Area. As GOC Delhi Area, he commanded the 2017 [[Republic Day Parade]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/CNNnews18/status/824477788233203712|title=#RepublicDay 2017 Parade is commanded by Lt. Gen. Manoj Mukund Naravane,Sena Medal,Vishisht Seva Medal General Officer Commanding,Delhi Areapic.twitter.com/LBSSwAOQho|last=News18|date=2017-01-25|website=@CNNnews18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204231823/https://twitter.com/CNNnews18/status/824477788233203712|archive-date=2017-12-04|access-date=2017-12-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=169965|title=Press Information Bureau|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204231824/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=169965|archive-date=2017-12-04|access-date=2017-12-04}}</ref>

After being promoted to Army Commander grade, Gen Naravane served as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Army Training Command (India)|Army Training Command]] from 1 December 2017 to 30 September 2018. Later, he also served as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] from 1 October 2018 to 31 August 2019, succeeding Lt Gen [[Abhay Krishna]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=2019-08-31 |title=Lt Gen Naravane relinquishes charge of Eastern Command, to take over as VCOAS |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lt-gen-naravane-relinquishes-charge-of-eastern-command-to-take-over-as-vcoas20190831204951/ |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003234831/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lt-gen-naravane-relinquishes-charge-of-eastern-command-to-take-over-as-vcoas20190831204951/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/lt-gen-naravane-takes-over-as-artrac-chief/506687.html|title=Lt Gen Naravane takes over as ARTRAC chief|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203155307/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/lt-gen-naravane-takes-over-as-artrac-chief/506687.html|archive-date=2017-12-03|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-takes-over-gen-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-artrac/states/news/1063937.html|title=Lt Gen Manoj Mukund Naravane takes over Gen officer Commanding-in-chief of ARTRAC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204231823/http://www.uniindia.com/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-takes-over-gen-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-artrac/states/news/1063937.html|archive-date=2017-12-04|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 September 2019, he took over as [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]]<ref name=":2" /> when Lt Gen [[Devraj Anbu]] retired on 31 August, and became the senior-most serving general after [[Bipin Rawat]].<ref name="commanders_appointed">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/naravane-appointed-as-new-vice-chief-of-indian-army-four-army-commanders-appointed/articleshow/70339637.cms|title=Naravane appointed as new Vice Chief of Indian Army, four army commanders appointed|first1=Shaurya Karanbir|last1=Gurung|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=2019-07-23|access-date=24 July 2019}}</ref> On 16 December 2019 ([[Vijay Diwas (India)|Vijay Diwas]]) he was announced as the successor of [[Bipin Rawat|Rawat]] as [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|COAS]] on 31 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lt-gen-mm-naravane-to-be-next-army-chief20191216220912/|title=Lt Gen MM Naravane to be next Army Chief|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2019-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192928|title=Lt Gen MM Naravane assumes appointment of VCOAS|date=2019-09-01|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> Gen Naravane is the 3rd general from the [[Sikh Light Infantry]] to become [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]], the others were [[Ved Prakash Malik]] the 18th COAS and [[Bikram Singh (general, born 1952)|Bikram Singh]] the 25th COAS.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lt-gen-manoj-mukund-naravane-to-be-next-army-chief/article30322649.ece|title=Lt. Gen. Manoj Mukund Naravane to be next Army Chief|newspaper=The Hindu|quote=He will be the third Army Chief from the Sikh Light regiment after Gen VP Malik and Gen Bikram Singh.|date=2019-12-16|last1=Peri|first1=Dinakar}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He is from [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]. He paints, practices yoga, and gardens, his wife, Veena Naravane, is a teacher and former president of [[Army Wives Welfare Association]]. They have two daughters.<ref name=":1" />

After retirement from service, he published several books. His memoir, ''Four Stars of Destiny,'' was scheduled for publication in 2024 but delayed due to reviewing process by the Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=Nikita |title=General Naravane and Four Stars of Destiny: Row over former Indian army chief's unpublished memoir |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0er0qrxlzzo |access-date=7 February 2026 |work=[[BBC]] |date=5 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarin |first1=Ritu |title=Not just Naravane: 19-yr-old case shadows ex-officer's book on R&AW 'secrets' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/not-just-naravane-19-yr-old-case-shadows-ex-officer-v-k-singhs-book-on-raw-secrets-10514279/ |url-access=subscription|access-date=7 February 2026 |work=The Indian Express |date=6 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref> His military thriller novel ''The Cantonment Conspiracy'' about two National Defence Academy officers investigating a case of assault and murder in a garrison was published in 2025.<ref>https://www.economictimes.com/news/new-updates/ex-indian-army-chief-general-mm-naravane-who-led-during-galwan-clash-unveils-his-military-murder-thriller-the-cantonment-conspiracy/articleshow/118833842.cms</ref>

== Honours and decorations ==
He has received the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] (2019), [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] (2017), [[Sena Medal]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|Vishist Seva Medal]] (2015), and the COAS commendation card for his service.<ref name="pvsm">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1561454|title=Press Information Bureau|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=157683|title=Press Information Bureau|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224720/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=157683|archive-date=2017-10-13|access-date=2017-12-04}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114924|title=Ashok Chakra Awarded to NK Neeraj Kumar Singh of 13 Rajputana Rifles (Posthumous) 374 Republic Day Gallantry and Other Defence Decorations Announced|website=pib.nic.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204231824/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114924|archive-date=2017-12-04|access-date=2017-12-04}}</ref> He was also the Colonel of the Regiment of the [[Sikh Light Infantry]].

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|[[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|
|-
| colspan="4"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Samanya Seva medal.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Special Service Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Operation Parakram medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|[[File:IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|[[File:IND_9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105x105px]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="2"|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| colspan="2"|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|-
| colspan="1"|[[Sena Medal]]
| colspan="2"|[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
| colspan="1"|[[Operation Vijay Medal|Samanya Seva Medal]]
|-
|
[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces|Special Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Operation Parakram Medal]]
|
[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Sainya Seva Medal]]
|
[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Videsh Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|50th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Second Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|35px]] || [[Second Lieutenant]] || [[Indian Army]] || 7 June 1980<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=674 |date=16 May 1981 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1981/O-0960-1981-0020-42638.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant]] || Indian Army || 7 June 1982<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1514 |date=11 December 1982 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1982/O-0922-1982-0050-40845.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] || Indian Army || 7 June 1985<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=924 |date=7 June 1986 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1986/O-0725-1986-0023-32306.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major (rank)|Major]] || Indian Army || 7 June 1991<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=813 |date=25 April 1992 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1992/O-0468-1992-0017-18752.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || Indian Army || 31 December 2002<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1053 |date=31 July 2004 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2004/W_31_2011_102.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] || Indian Army || 1 February 2005<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=411 |date=25 March 2006 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2006/W_12_2011_094.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier (India)|Brigadier]] || Indian Army || 19 July 2010 (substantive, seniority from 13 January 2008)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=636 |date=5 May 2012 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2012/W_18_2012_164.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general (India)|Major General]] || Indian Army || 1 January 2013 (substantive, seniority from 7 April 2011)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=428 |date=22 March 2014 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2014/158718.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant-General]] || Indian Army || 10 November 2015 (substantive)<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=478 |date=20 February 2016 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2016/168202.pdf|publisher=The Gazette of India}}
</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[General (India)|General]] (COAS) || Indian Army || 1 January 2020<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=736 |date=16 April 2022 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/235171.pdf|publisher=The Gazette of India}}
</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==

* {{cite book |last1=Naravane|first1=Manoj Mukund |title=Four Stars of Destiny |date=May 2024 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Pvt. Limited |isbn=978-0-670-09975-7 |language=en}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chhabra |first1=Aarish |title='Here's what Gen Naravane wrote on PM': Rahul flashes copy of ex-army chief's book that 'govt said doesn't exist' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-flashes-printed-copy-of-ex-army-chief-s-naravane-unpublished-book-four-stars-of-destiny-at-parliament-101770201604677.html |access-date=7 February 2026 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=4 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{commons category-inline|Manoj Mukund Naravane}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}{{succession box
| title = [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]] Acting
| years = 15 December 2021 – 30 April 2022
| before = [[Bipin Rawat]] (as [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|CDS]])
| after = [[Anil Chauhan]] (as [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|CDS]])
}}{{succession box
| title = [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]
| years = 31 December 2019 – 30 April 2022
| before = [[Bipin Rawat]]
| after = [[Manoj Pande]]
}}{{Succession box
| title = [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]]
| years = 1 September 2019 – 30 December 2019
| before = [[Devraj Anbu]]
| after = [[Satinder Kumar Saini]]
}}{{Succession box
| title = [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]
| years = 1 October 2018 – 31 August 2019
| before = [[Abhay Krishna]]
| after = [[Anil Chauhan]]
}}{{Succession box
| title = [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] [[Army Training Command (India)|Army Training Command]]
| years = 1 December 2017 – 30 September 2018
| before = [[Dewan Rabindranath Soni]]
| after = [[Pattacheruvanda C Thimayya]]
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] Delhi Area
| years = January 2017- 30 November 2017
| before = Vijay Singh
| after = Asit Mistry
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[General Officer Commanding]] [[II Corps (India)|Kharga Corps]]
| years = January 2016 - January 2017
| before = Amarjeet Singh
| after = [[Jaiveer Singh Negi]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief of Defence Staff (India)}}
{{Chief of the Army Staff (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naravane, M. M.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Army Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Vice chiefs of Army Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Indian Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sena Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Military attachés for India]]
[[Category:Army War College, Mhow alumni]]
[[Category:Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya alumni]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]

Meena Shorey

2026-05-07T20:46:45Z

Svetloxf: added article

{{short description|Pakistani actress (1921-1989)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Meena Shorey
| image = Meena_Shorey_(1949).jpg
| caption = Shorey in ''Actress'' (1948)
| birth_name = Khurshid Jehan
| birth_date = 13 November 1921
| birth_place = [[Raiwind]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1989|9|3|1921|11|13}}
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| alias = ''The Droll Queen of Partition''<ref name="New York, NY:OxfordUniversityPress"/> ''Lux Lady of Pakistan''<ref name=TheNewsInternational>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/279025-in-memory-of-the-lara-lappa-girl|title=In memory of the 'Lara Lappa Girl'|website=The News International|date=April 28, 2022}}</ref> ''The Lara Lappa Girl''<ref name=TheNewsInternational/> ''The Comedienne of Calibre''<ref name=TheNewsInternational/>
| resting_place = Lahore
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1941–1983
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Zahur Raja]]|1941|1942|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Al Nasir|1943|1945|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Raza Mir]]|1946|1947|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Roop K. Shorey|1948|1956|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Asad Bukhari|1962|1968|end=divorced}}
}}
| children = 3
| awards = Special [[Nigar Award]] for 30 years of excellence in [[Pakistani film industry]] in 1982
}}

'''Meena Shorey''' (born as '''Khurshid Jehan'''; 13 November 1921 – 3 September 1989) was a Pakistani film actress who worked first in [[Indian cinema]] and later [[Pakistani cinema]]. She appeared in [[Hindi]]/[[Urdu]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] films. She started her acting career playing a character role, as Ambhi, Raja of Taxila's sister in [[Sohrab Modi]]'s ''[[Sikandar (1941 film)|Sikandar]]'' (1941). Married to her fourth husband, Roop K. Shorey, by the mid-1940s, she found fame when she acted in her husband's film ''[[Ek Thi Ladki]]'' (1949), opposite actor [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]]. The story was written by [[I. S. Johar]], who also starred in the film. The foot-tapping music composed by [[Vinod ER|Vinod]] became a huge hit, with Meena becoming an "icon" for the "new liberated" young women. Meena was acclaimed as the "Lara Lappa Girl", from the song of same title in the film.<ref name="Narwekar2012">{{cite book |author=Sanjit Narwekar |title=Eena Meena Deeka: The Story of Hindi Film Comedy |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbSbAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT182 |access-date=25 September 2019 |date=12 December 2012 |publisher=Rupa Publications |isbn=978-81-291-2625-2 |pages=182– |chapter=13-The Image Manipulators}}</ref>

Shorey was one of the first women to be recognised in Indian cinema as a "comedienne of calibre".<ref name="Narwekar">{{cite book |author=Sanjit Narwekar |title=Eena Meena Deeka: The Story of Hindi Film Comedy |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbSbAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT182 |access-date=25 September 2019 |date=12 December 2012 |publisher=Rupa Publications |isbn=978-81-291-2625-2 |pages=182– |chapter=14-The Female Of The Species}}</ref> She was also popularly known as ''The Droll Queen of Partition'' as she worked as a comedienne [Droll] in both in India and Pakistan.<ref name="New York, NY:OxfordUniversityPress">{{cite book|title=Dancing Women: Choreographing Corporeal Histories of Hindi Cinema|publisher=New York, NY : Oxford University Press|page=234}}</ref>

In 1956, she went to [[Lahore, Pakistan]] with her husband, where they were invited by [[Pakistani]] producer [[J.C. Anand]] to make a film there following her mass popularity with the public in both India and Pakistan. The film Shorey made was ''Miss 56'', a copy of the [[Guru Dutt]]-[[Madhubala]] starrer ''[[Mr. & Mrs. '55]]''. Instead of returning to India when her husband did, she decided to stay back in Pakistan, continuing her acting career there.<ref name="Tikekar2004">{{cite book |author=Maneesha Tikekar |title=Across the Wagah: An Indian's Sojourn in Pakistan |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGqsWktyFcEC&pg=PA326 |access-date=25 September 2019 |year=2004 |publisher=Bibliophile South Asia |isbn=978-81-85002-34-7 |pages=326– |chapter=Pakistani Silver Screen-Lollywood}}</ref> Some of her best films in India included the Punjabi film ''Chaman'' (1948), ''Actress'' (1948), ''Ek Thi Ladki'' (1949), ''Dholak'' (1951), and ''[[Ek Do Teen (film)|Ek Do Teen]]'' (1953).

==Early life==
Meena was born Khurshid Jehan, on 17 November 1921, in [[Raiwind]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], the second of four children.<ref name=Cineplot>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/meena-shorey/|title=Meena Shorey profile|url-status=dead|website=Cineplot.com website|date=27 September 2009|author=Khurram Ali Siddique, Khalid Hassan and Ummer Siddique|archive-date=20 November 2010|access-date=18 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120150845/http://cineplot.com/meena-shorey/}}</ref> Her family was poor and her father struggled to support the family. His first business venture, in [[Ferozepur]], failed when Khurshid was very young. Moving to Lahore, he then worked at a dyeing business, which also failed. However, by this time, he had managed to arrange a good marriage for his eldest daughter, Wazir Begum, and she left for Bombay after her marriage. A few years later, Wazir Begum called Khurshid to stay with her for some time in Bombay, her idea being to arrange a suitable marriage for Khurshid also, from among her husband's relatives.

However, fate took an unexpected turn when [[Sohrab Modi]] noticed Meena at the launch of his film ''[[Sikandar (1941 film)|Sikandar]]'' (1941), which she attended with her brother-in-law, and offered her a supporting role in the film, giving her the name, Meena.<ref name=Bali/>

==Career==

===In India===
[[File:MeenaShorey_(1949).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Ek Thi Ladki]]'' ad in ''[[Filmindia]]'' August 1949]]
''[[Sikandar (1941 film)|Sikandar]]'' in 1941 was the first film Meena acted in, which had her in the small role of King of [[Taxila]]'s sister.<ref name=Narwekar /> This was a historical film about the invasion of India in the Jhelum region by [[Alexander of Greece|Alexander]] (Sikandar). It was directed by [[Sohrab Modi]] and starred [[Prithviraj Kapoor]] as Sikandar. The film became an all-India hit and provided an instant launching pad for her. She then went on to act as the second lead in three more films under Modi's Minerva Movietone banner, ''[[Phir Milenge (1942 film)|Phir Milenge]]'' (1942), ''[[Prithvi Vallabh (1943 film)|Prithvi Vallabh]]'' (1943) and ''[[Pattharon Ka Saudagar]]''.<ref name=Patel>{{cite book |last1=Patel |first1=Sushila Rani |title=Stars Of The Indian Screen |date=1952 |publisher=Parker & Sons Ltd. |location=Bombay, India |pages=33 |ref=Edited by: Baburao Patel (editor, Filmindia)}}</ref>

Roop K. Shorey, who was based in [[Lahore]], migrated to Bombay and wanted to sign Meena for his film, ''[[Shalimar (1946 film)|Shalimar]]'' (1946). However Meena had signed a contract with [[Sohrab Modi]], which prevented her from working not only in ''Shalimar'', but also in [[Mehboob Khan]]'s ''[[Humayun (film)|Humayun]]'' (1945). On a visit to [[Lahore]], she was signed by producer [[Dalsukh Pancholi]], for two films ''Shehar Se Door'' (1946) and ''Arsi'' (1947). She finally freed herself from the contract by taking Modi's wife [[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]]'s help, getting the amount of money asked for by Modi, lowered.<ref name=Bali>{{cite web |last1=Bali |first1=Karan |title=Profile: Meena Shorey |url=http://upperstall.com/profile/meena-shorey/ |website=upperstall.com |date=17 November 2014 |publisher=Upperstall |access-date=25 September 2019}}</ref>

In 1948, ''Chaman'' (Garden) in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], was directed by Roop K. Shorey, who having suffered a loss of the family business in Lahore had moved to [[Bombay]] following the partition. There he set up his banner Shorey Films and produced the film ''Chaman'' with the help of his wife's finances.<ref name=Narwekar2012 /> It had Meena act in the "first post—[[Partition of India|Partition]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] film in India". It co-starred [[Karan Dewan]], [[Kuldip Kaur]] and Majnu, and became a major hit. The melodious music, which was composed by [[Vinod ER|Vinod]] became instantly popular.<ref name="GokulsingDissanayake2013">{{cite book |author1=K. Moti Gokulsing |author2=[[Wimal Dissanayake]]a|title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA166 |access-date=25 September 2019 |date=17 April 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77284-9 |pages=166–}}</ref> One of the famous songs from the film was ''Chan Kithan Guzari Aai Raat Vey'' sung by Pushpa Hans and chorus. It was the debut of Pushpa Hans as a singer.<ref name="Bajaj2014">{{cite book |author=J.K. Bajaj |title=On & Behind the Indian Cinema |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1UqAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2008-IA27 |access-date=25 September 2019 |date=26 March 2014 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-5083-621-7 |pages=2008– |chapter=95. Pushpa Hans}}</ref>

In 1949, came ''[[Ek Thi Ladki]]'', produced and directed by Roop K. Shorey, with story written by I. S. Johar. The music was composed by Vinod whose song ''Lara Lappa Lara Lappa Laayi Rakhdi'' became the highlight of the film. A trendsetter, the song continued to remain popular over the years. The [[playback singing]] was provided by [[Lata Mangeshkar]], and though it's counted as one of Lata's earliest hits, the person mainly remembered for the song is the actress lip-syncing it in the film, Meena, who became "known thereafter as the Lara-Lappa Girl".<ref name="Dyer2013">{{cite book |author=Richard Dyer |title=In The Space Of A Song: The Uses of Song in Film |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhupAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 |access-date=25 September 2019 |date=3 July 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-64193-0 |pages=44– |chapter=Introduction-All musicals: Hindi cinema}}</ref> The film was stated to be the biggest runaway- hit making Roop K. Shorey one of the top comedy film directors.<ref name="Rishi2012">{{cite book |author=Tilak Rishi |title=Bless You Bollywood!: A tribute to Hindi Cinema on completing 100 years |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWlYAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT195 |access-date=25 September 2019 |date=5 June 2012 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=978-1-4669-3962-2 |pages=195– |chapter=22. Ek Thi Ladki (Roop K. Shorey)}}</ref>

She acted in ''Ek Teri Nishani'' in 1949 opposite [[Trilok Kapoor]] and the film also starred [[I. S. Johar]], [[Cuckoo]] and [[Om Prakash]].
In 1950, she acted in the Karan Dewan Production's ''[[Anmol Ratan]]'', with Karan Dewan and [[Nirmala Devi|Nirmala]]. ''Dholak'' (1951) was produced by Shorey Films and directed by Roop Shorey. It starred Meena with [[Ajit Khan|Ajit]], with music composed by Shyam Sunder. Shyam Sunder was stated to have given some unforgettable melodies in this film among others.<ref name="SangeetNatak">{{cite book |title=Sangeet Natak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p46fAAAAMAAJ |access-date=25 September 2019 |series=99-102 |year=1991 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi}}</ref> In 1953, in ''[[Ek Do Teen (film)|Ek Do Teen]]'', Shorey tried to recreate the magic of ''Ek Thi Ladki'', by continuing with the same "Lara Lappa" theme. Meena was once again paired with Motilal, and music was provided by Vinod. However, the film was unable to have the same effect as ''Ek Thi Ladki''.<ref name=Narwekar2012 /> Her last two films released in India were [[G. P. Sippy]]'s ''Shrimati 420'' for Sippy Films and ''[[Chandu (1958 film)|Chandu]]'' (1958) directed by Majnu and starring [[Om Prakash]], [[Shashikala]], [[Mehmood Ali|Mehmood]] and [[Pran (actor)|Pran]].

===In Pakistan===
Roop K. Shorey and Meena were invited to Pakistan by [[Pakistani]] film producer [[J.C. Anand]] to make a film. ''Miss 1956'' (1956) was a plagiarised version of Guru Dutt's ''Mr. & Mrs. '55'' (1955) and starred Meena Shorey, [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[Shamim Ara]], and [[Noor Mohammed Charlie]].<ref name="Gazdar1997">{{cite book |author=Mushtāq Gazdar |title=Pakistan Cinema, 1947-1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOdkAAAAMAAJ |access-date=25 September 2019 |year=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577817-5}}</ref> The music was composed by G. A. Chisti. Meena was well received in [[Lahore]] and she decided to stay back when her husband returned to India. She went on to become the "first Pakistani actress to model for [[Lux (soap)|Lux]]" and became known as the "Lux Lady of Pakistan".<ref name=Bali/>

Her most famous film was ''Sarfarosh'' (1956), in which she had a special character role, with two very popular songs based around her. Originally slated to play the main lead, she was then assigned this side role and carried it off with aplomb. Directed by [[Anwar Kamal Pasha]], the film starred [[Sabiha Khanum]] and [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]] and had music by [[Rasheed Attre]]. The film was a superhit box-office success.<ref name="PQ">{{cite book |title=Pakistan Quarterly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZepRAQAAIAAJ |access-date=25 September 2019 |volume=12-13 |year=1964 |publisher=Pakistan Publications}}</ref>

Some of the films she acted in a main role were ''Bara Aadmi'' (1957), directed by Humayun Mirza in Urdu and co-starring Meena Shorey and [[Ejaz Durrani]], ''Sitaron ki Duniya'' (1958), directed by M. H. Mohib, ''Jagga'' (1958) in Punjabi and directed by Saqlain Rizvi, ''Behrupiya'' (1960) (Punjabi) directed by Aslam Irani.<ref name=livetvpk>{{cite web |last1=Qureshi |first1=Mohammed Ayub |title=Meena Shori actress|url=http://www.livetv.pk/actress/meena_shori.html |website=livetv.pk website |access-date=25 September 2019}}</ref> Her other notable films were ''Mausiqar'' (1962) directed by Qadeer Ghori, ''Andhi Mohabbat'' (1964) and ''Khamosh Raho'' (1964) directed by Jameel Akhtar.<ref name=Bali/>

==Personal life==
Meena is reported to have married five times.<ref name="IWofP">{{cite book |title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yogcAQAAMAAJ |access-date=25 September 2019 |series=51-52 |volume=21 |year=1969 |publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications.}}</ref>
#Her first marriage was to actor-producer-director [[Zahur Raja]]. In ''[[Filmindia]]'' April 1942, it was mentioned in an interview with Zahur Raja that Zahur and Meena were married for the last "six months". The two met while shooting for ''Sikandar'' and fell in love. "Zahur has been married for six months to Meena, a pretty young actress who is at present making probably her last film ''Phir Milenge''".<ref name=ZahurRaja>{{cite journal |last1=Patel |first1=Baburao |title=Zahur Raja –A Rough-Neck Guy! |journal=Filmindia |date=April 1942 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=49 |url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia194208unse#page/n307/mode/2up |access-date=25 September 2019 |ref=Interview by Hyacinth}}</ref>
#Her second marriage was to actor and co-star, Al Nasir. She separated from him by the mid-40s, and Al Nasir went on to marry the actress [[Veena (actress)|Veena]]. Baburao Patel mentioned him as one of Meena's ex-husbands in a column in ''Filmindia'' August 1946, "Al Nasir, the once reported ex-husband of film actress Meena, is now reported to have married film actress Manorama of Punjab".<ref name=AlNasir>{{cite journal |last1=Patel |first1=Baburao |title=At Home And Abroad |journal=Filmindia |date=August 1946 |volume=12 |issue=8 |pages=58 |url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia194814unse#page/n613/mode/2up/search/Meena |access-date=25 September 2019 |ref=Not An Interim Plan}}</ref>
#Her third marriage was to [[Raza Mir]], a Pakistani film cinematographer and film producer.
#Her fourth marriage was to Roop K. Shorey which lasted till 1956. Due to the relative length of the marriage, about 7–8 years, and the fact that she briefly attained success as an actress only in this period, she came to be known by her fourth husband's name. As reported by ''[[Filmindia]]'', Meena had converted to [[Hinduism]] at the time of wedding.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siddique|first=Salma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeeREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA169 |title=Evacuee Cinema: Bombay and Lahore in Partition Transit, 1940–1960|date=2023-02-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-009-15120-7|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> They separated after a successful trip to Pakistan, when Meena decided to remain in that country, while Roop Shorey, a [[Hindu]], stuck to the original plan of returning to India.<ref name=Cineplot/>
#Her fifth marriage was to Asad Bokhari, her co-star in ''Jamalo'' (1962).<ref name=Bali/>

Meena had three children including two sons from one of her marriages. Later, she adopted a girl.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Meena Shorey: The Lara Lappa Girl|journal=[[Nigar (magazine)|Nigar Weekly Lahore]]|date=1970|volume=Golden Jubilee Number}}</ref>

== Death ==
In Pakistan, Meena lived a life of poverty towards the end of her life, and had to struggle to survive after 1985–1986.<ref>From circa late-1970s till 1987, late Pakistani film director/producer [[Anwar Kamal Pasha]] was a loyal friend and often helped her out financially as much as he could, but after his death she was left utterly destitute.</ref> Then Meena went to live with her nephew, and [[Malika Pukhraj]] helped her financially. Upon her death, her funeral arrangements were made by charity money.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/khawaja-najmul-hassan-memories-of-malika-pukhraj-part-v/MjIxNQ==|title=Khawaja Najmul Hassan's Memories of Malika Pukhraj: Part V|website=Youlin Magazine|date=March 28, 2022}}</ref> She died on 3 September 1989, in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]].<ref name=Bali/><ref name=Cineplot/>

==Filmography==
===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Title
! scope="col"|Role
! scope="col"|Network
|-
|1983
| ''Silver Jubilee''
| Herself
| [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]]
|}

===Film===
===In India===
List:
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Director
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Co-stars
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Composer
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Studio/Producer
|-
|1941 ||''[[Sikandar (1941 film)|Sikandar]]'' (Alexander)<ref name=Cineplot/> ||[[Sohrab Modi]] ||Sohrab Modi, [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], Vanmala, Zahur Raja ||Mir Saheb, [[Rafiq Ghaznavi]] ||Minerva Movietone
|-
|1941 ||''[[Nai Roshni (1941 film)|Nai Roshni]]'' ||Chimankant Gandhi || [[Sardar Akhtar]], Harish, [[Meena Kumari]], Husn Bano, Amar, [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]] || Anil Biswas || National Studios
|-
|1941 ||''[[Bahen (film)|Bahen]]'' ||[[Mehboob Khan]] || [[Sheikh Mukhtar]], [[Nalini Jaywant]], [[Meena Kumari]], [[Dulari (actress)|Dulari]], [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]], [[Bhudo Advani]] || [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] || National Studios
|-
|1942 ||''[[Phir Milenge (1942 film)|Phir Milenge]]'' ||[[Sohrab Modi]] ||Sohrab Modi, [[Sardar Akhtar]], [[K. N. Singh]] ||Mir Saheb ||Minerva Movietone
|-
|1943 ||''[[Prithvi Vallabh (1943 film)|Prithvi Vallabh]]'' ||[[Sohrab Modi]] ||Sohrab Modi, [[Durga Khote]], [[Kajjanbai]], [[K. N. Singh]], Al Nasir, Vanmala ||[[Rafiq Ghaznavi]], [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]] ||Minerva Movietone
|-
|1943 ||''[[Pratiggya]]'' ||Nandilal Jaswantilal || [[Swaran Lata (actress)|Swaran Lata]], Meena Kumari, [[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], [[Veena (actress)|Veena]] || Nano Mujamdar || Chitra Productions
|-
|1943 ||''[[Sahara (1943 Hindi film)|Sahara]]'' ||J. P. Advani (Jagatrai Pesumal Advani) ||[[Renuka Devi]], Narang, Pran ||Gobind Ram ||Vaswani Art Productions
|-
|1944 ||''[[Pattharon Ka Saudagar]]'' ||Shorey Daulatvi ||Al Nasir, Sheela, K. N. Singh ||Mir Saheb ||Minerva Movietone
|-
|1945 ||''[[Bhai Jaan]]'' ||S. Khalil ||[[Noor Jehan]], [[Karan Dewan]], Anees Khatoon, Shah Nawaz ||Shyam Sunder ||United Films
|-
|1945 ||''Neelam'' ||Essa ||Sadhana Bose, Khursheed, Harish ||[[Khan Mastana]] ||A. H. Productions
|-
|1946 ||''Shehar Se Door'' ||Barkat Mehra ||[[Raza Mir]], Al Nisar, [[Om Prakash]], Ajmal ||Amarnath ||Pradhan Pictures
|-
|1946 ||''[[Prithviraj Samyogita]]'' ||Najam Naqvi || [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], Bharat Vyas, Tewari, Sheyama ||S.K Pal || Shalimar Pictures
|-
|1947 || ''Chaman'' || Roop K. Shorey || Karan Devan, Om Prakash, Majnu, Kuldip, Gulab, Randhir, Sangeeta, Rameshwar || Vinod || Shorey Pictures
|-
|1947 || ''PatJhar'' || Ronderdovay || Amarnath, Ghulam Qadir, Om Parkash, Cuckoo, Kamal Mehra, Rani Mumtaz, G.N. Butt || Master Ghulam Haider || Pancholi Pictures
|-
|1947 ||''Arsi'' ||Daud Chand ||Al Nasir, [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]], [[Asha Posley]] ||Lachhiram, Shyam Sunder ||Jeewan Pictures
|-
|1947 ||''Ek Teri Nishani'' ||B. K. Sagar ||[[Trilok Kapoor]], Om Prakash, [[Shyama (Hindi actress)|Shyama]], [[I. S. Johar]] ||Amarnath, [[Sardul Kwatra]] ||Kwatra Art
|-
|1948 ||''Actress'' ||Najam Naqvi ||[[Rehana (actress)|Rehana]], [[Prem Adib|Prem Adeeb]], [[David (actor)|David]], Misra, Abbas Nausha, [[Mukri]]||Shyam Sunder ||[[Filmistan]]
|-
|1948 ||''Dukhiyari'' ||D. K. Ratan ||[[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], Trilok Kapoor, [[Chandra Mohan (Hindi film actor)|Chandra Mohan]], Cuckoo ||[[Gyan Dutt]] ||Jeevan Jyot Kala
|-
|1948 ||''Chaman''<ref name=Cinemaazi>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/film/chaman |title=Chaman (1948 film) - film review|website=Indian Cinema Heritage Foundation (Cinemaazi.com) website|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 November 2022|access-date=17 April 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130162621/https://www.cinemaazi.com/film/chaman}}</ref> || Roop K. Shorey||Meena Shorey, [[Karan Dewan]], Majnu, [[Shyama (Hindi actress)|Shyama]]||[[Vinod (composer)|Vinod]]||Shorey Films
|-
|1948 ||''Patjhad''<ref name=Bali/> (Autumn) ||Ravindra Dave ||[[Geeta Bali]], Om Prakash, Amarnath ||Ghulam Haider, S. D. Batish ||Pancholi Art
|-
|1949 ||''[[Ek Thi Ladki]]''<ref name=Cineplot/> ||Roop K. Shorey ||[[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], [[Kuldip Kaur]], [[I. S. Johar]], Majnu||[[Vinod ER|Vinod]] ||Shorey Films
|-
|1949 ||''Zevaraat'' ||Habib Sarhadi ||Yakub, Masood, Jayant ||Hansraj Behl ||Habib Productions
|-
|1950 ||''[[Anmol Ratan]]'' (Rare Jewel) ||M. Sadiq ||[[Karan Dewan]], [[Nirmala Devi|Nirmala]], Gulab, Gope ||Vinod ||Dewan Productions
|-
|1950 ||''Raj Rani'' ||Satish Nigam ||[[Usha Kiran]], [[Rehman (actor)|Rehman]], Satish ||[[Hansraj Behl]] ||Jagat Pictures
|-
|1951 ||''Dholak'' ||Roop K. Shorey ||Ajit, Majnu, [[Manmohan Krishna]], Yashodhara Katju ||Shyam Sunder ||Shorey Films
|-
|1951 ||''Kale Badal'' (Black Clouds) ||Anant Thakur ||Shyam, Pushpa Hans, [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] ||Shyam Sunder ||National Film of India
|-
|1952 ||''Ajeeb Ladki'' ||Mohammed Ehsan ||[[Naseem Banu]], Rehman, [[Shashikala]] ||[[Ghulam Mohammed (composer)|Ghulam Mohammed]] ||Taj Mahal Pictures
|-
|1953 ||''[[Ek Do Teen (film)|Ek Do Teen]]'' ||Roop K. Shorey ||[[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], Satish, Majnu, Yashodhara Katju ||[[Vinod ER|Vinod]] ||Shorey Films
|-
|1953 ||''[[Aag Ka Dariya]]'' ||Roop K. Shorey ||[[Karan Dewan]], [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], [[Shammi (actress)|Shammi]], Majnu ||[[Vinod ER|Vinod]] ||Shorey Films
|-
|1954 ||''Raman'' ||Hiren Bose ||Karan Dewan, Purnima, Om Prakash, Majnu, Cuckoo ||Vinod ||Metropolitan Films
|-
|1955 ||''Jalwa'' ||Roop K. Shorey ||[[Karan Dewan]], [[Begum Para]], Majnu, [[Hari Shivdasani]] ||[[Vinod ER|Vinod]] ||Shorey Films
|-
|1955 ||''Shri Naqad Narayan'' (Money) ||K. D. Mehra, I. S. Johar ||Motilal, Majnu, Om Prakash, Badri Prasad ||Vinod ||Kanav Brothers Productions
|-
|1956 ||''Shrimati 420'' ||[[G. P. Sippy]] ||[[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]], Om Prakash ||[[N. Dutta]] ||Sippy Films
|-
|1956 ||''Awara Shahzadi'' ||Pyarelal || Daljeet, Malika, Habib, [[Sheila Ramani]], Heera Swant ||Nashad || Hind Pictures
|-
|1958 ||''[[Chandu (1958 film)|Chandu]]'' (1958) ||Majnu ||[[Om Prakash]], [[Shashikala]], [[Mehmood Ali|Mehmood]] and [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] ||Bipin Babul ||N. R. Productions
|}

===In Pakistan===
List:<ref name=livetvpk />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Director
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Co-stars
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Composer
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Studio/Producer
|-
|1956||''[[Sarfarosh (1956 film)|Sarfarosh]]'' (side role)<ref name=Bali/>||[[Anwar Kamal Pasha]]||[[Sabiha Khanum]], [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]], Asif Jah||[[Rasheed Attre]] ||Anwar Kamal Pasha
|-
|1956 ||''[[Bedari]]'' (lead actress) || Rafiq Rizvi || [[Santosh Kumar (actor)|Santosh Kumar]], [[Ragni (actress)|Ragni]], [[Ratan Kumar]], [[Qazi Wajid]] ||Ustad Fateh Ali Khan ||Film Hayyat
|-
|1956 ||''Miss 56'' (lead actress)<ref name=Cineplot/> ||Roop K. Shorey ||[[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Shamim Ara]], [[Noor Mohammed Charlie]] ||[[Ghulam Ahmed Chishti]]||[[J.C. Anand]]
|-
|1957 ||''Bara Aadmi'' (lead actress) ||Humayun Mirza ||[[Ejaz Durrani]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]], M. Ismail ||Ghulam Nabi, Abdul Latif ||Husain D. Silva
|-
|1958 ||''Sitaron ki Duniya'' (lead actress) ||M. H. Mohib||Sheda Imam, Rukhsana, [[Noor Mohammed Charlie]] ||Zafar Khursheed ||Sheda Imam
|-
|1958 ||''Aakhri Nishan'' (lead actress) ||Ashfaq Malik || [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[Neelo]], Nazar, [[Agha Talish|Talish]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||Rehman Verma||Vaswani Art Productions
|-
|1958 ||''Jagga'' (lead actress, Punjabi) ||Saqlain Rizvi ||[[Ilyas Kashmiri (actor)|Ilyas Kashmiri]], Salim Raza, [[Zeenat Begum]] ||[[Ghulam Ahmed Chishti]], [[Rasheed Attre]] ||Faqir Shah
|-
|1959 ||''Bacha Jamoora''<ref name=Cineplot/> ||Aslam Irani ||[[Akmal Khan]], [[Nayyar Sultana]], [[Ilyas Kashmiri (actor)|Ilyas Kashmiri]], [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]] ||Rafiq Ali ||Akbar Irani
|-
|1959 ||''Gulshan'' ||Jaffer Malik || [[Sudhir (Pakistani actor)|Sudhir]], [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]] ||[[Rasheed Attre]] ||M. Ghulam Nabi
|-
|1960 ||''Behrupia'' ||Aslam Irani ||[[Akmal Khan]], [[Nayyar Sultana]], [[Munawar Zarif|Zarif]], [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]] ||Tufail Farooqi ||M. Ashiq, M. Taj
|-
|1961 ||''Gulfarosh'' ||Zahur Raja ||[[Nayyar Sultana]], Zahur Raja, Naeem Hashmi, Kamal ||Tassaduq Hussain ||[[Anwar Kamal Pasha]]
|-
|1962 ||''Mauseeqar''<ref name=Cineplot/> ||Qadir Ghori ||[[Sabiha Khanum]], [[Syed Musa Raza|Santosh Kumar]], Abbas Nosha, Nusrat Kardar ||[[Rasheed Attre]] ||[[Rasheed Attre]]
|-
|1962 ||''Jamalo ''<ref name=Bali/> ||M. J. Rana ||Asad Bukhari, Naghma, A. Shah, [[M. Ajmal|Ajmal]], [[Munawar Zarif|Zarif]] ||Ghulam Ahmed Chishti ||Wazir Ali
|-
|1963 ||''Maa Beti'' ||Choudhary Latif ||Yasmin, [[Yusuf Khan (actor)|Yousuf Khan]], Akmal Khan, Rukhsana ||Safdar Hussain ||Choudhary Latif
|-
|1963 ||''Teen Aur Teen'' (3 Aur 3) ||Sheikh Iqbal ||[[Habib-ur-Rehman (actor)|Habib]], Lehri, Jafri, Sheikh Iqbal ||Rehman Verma, G. A. Chisti ||Rekha Iqbal
|-
|1963 ||''Yahudi Ki Ladki'' ||Chawla ||Nayyar Sultana, Darpan, Talish ||Muslehudin ||Saghar Jaffery
|-
|1964 ||''Phool Aur Kante'' ||Sheikh Iqbal ||Habib, Tarana, Saba, Saqi ||M. A. Munoo ||M. Ashraf
|-
|1964 ||''Khamosh Raho''<ref name=Bali/><ref name=Cineplot/> ||Jameel Akhtar ||[[Deeba]], Yousuf Khan, [[Mohammad Ali (actor)|Mohammad Ali]] ||Khalil Ahmad ||T. H. Rizvi
|-
|1964 ||''Ghaddar'' || Riaz Ahmed || Sudhir, Saloni, Mazhar Shah, [[Mohammad Ali (actor)|Mohammad Ali]], Firdous, Azad, Nazar || Rehman Verma || Waqar Films
|-
|1964 ||''Azad'' ||Dilshad Malik || Santosh Kumar, Bahar, Yousuf Khan, Asad Bukhari, M. Ismael, [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]]||[[Rasheed Attre]] ||Fayyaz Malik
|-
|1964 ||''Andhi Mohabbat'' || Amin Malik ||Laila, [[Akmal Khan]], Nusrat Kardar, [[Agha Talish|Talish]]||Manzoor Ashraf ||M. Nasim
|-
|1964 ||''Khandan'' || Riaz Ahmad || Akmal, Bahar, Mohammad Ali, Bibbo, Habib, Hina, Naghma, Firdous, Talish, Rekha, Mazhar Shah ||Rehman Verma || Riazi Films
|-
|1964 ||''Landa Bazar'' ||A. S. Bukhari || Bahar, Asad Bukhari, Asif Jah, [[Zareen Panna]], Talish, Saira Bano, Razia, Zeenat, Rangeela ||Tasadduq Hussain ||K.B. Films
|-
|1964 ||''Waris Shah'' ||S.A. Ashrafi || Bahar, Akmal, Inayat Hussain Bhatt, Nasira, Asif Jah, Sultan Khoost, Zeenat ||Master Ashiq Hussain || Delight Pictures
|-
|1965 ||''Mujahid'' ||Jameel Akhtar || Sudhir, Mohammad Ali, Sabira Sultana, Deeba, Aslam Parvez, Adeeb, Razia || Khalil Ahmed ||Ayaz Film Corporation
|-
|1967 ||''Jigri Yaar'' ||Ifikhar Khan || Naghma, Akmal, Allauddin, Sawan, Mazhar Shah, Rangeela, Munawar Zarif || G.A. Chishti || Z.S. Movies
|-
|1967 ||''[[Imam Din Gohavia]]'' ||M. Saleem || Firdous, Akmal, Yousuf Khan, Mohammad Ali, Sikkedar, Mazhar Shah, Ilyas Kashmiri, Munawar Zarif, Rangeela || G.A. Chishti || Choudhary Films Ltd.
|-
|1967 ||''Albela'' ||Wazir Ali || Kemal, Ghazala, Aslam Parvez, Zeenat, Ilyas Kashmiri, Naeem Hashmi, shakir, Nanha, Asad Jafri || Wazir Ali || Zeenat Films
|-
|1967 ||''[[Hamraz]]'' ||Khawaja Khurshid Anwar || Shamim Ara, Mohammad Ali, Talish, Lehri, Tariq Aziz, Nabeela, Rangeela. Saiqa || [[Khawaja Khurshid Anwar]] || Auriga Pictures
|-
|1967 ||''Aag'' ||S. Suleman || Zeba, Mohammad Ali, Trannum, Lehri, Aslam Parvez, Tarana, M. Ismael, Talish || Nisar Bazmi || Ali Zeb Productions
|-
|1967 ||''Mirza Jatt'' ||Masood Pervaiz || Firdous, Ejaz, Aliya, Munawar Zarif, Mazhar Shah, Ilyas Kashmiri || Rasheed Attray || Ravi Films
|-
|1968 ||''Adalat'' ||Hassan Tariq || [[Zeba (actress, born 1945)|Zeba]], Haidar, [[Rani (Pakistani actress)|Rani]], Rukhsana, [[Aslam Pervaiz]], [[Agha Talish|Talish]] ||Tasadduq Hussain ||G. S. & Co.
|-
|1968 ||''Ham Bhi Parhay Hayn Rahon Mein'' ||Qamar Zaidi || Shamim Ara, Waheed Murad, Sofia Bano, Hani, Andaleeb || Nashad || Saba Fazli
|-
|1968 ||''Ek Musafir Ek Haseena'' ||Jameel Akhtar || Nayyar Sultana, Darpan, Nabeela, Adeeb, Lehri, Sabuhi, Zeenat, Salma Mumaz, Adeeb, Sultan Rahi || Khalil Ahmad || Darpan Productions
|-
|1968 ||''Mera Babul'' ||Ubaid Qadri || Firdous, Habib, Saloni, Allauddin, Sawan, Munawar Zarif, Rangeela, Asad Bukhari || G.A. Chishti || Nagina Productions
|-
|1968 ||''Ik Si Maa'' ||Waheed Dar || Firdous, Habib, Salma Mumtaz, Sawan, Sultan Rahi, Asad Bukhari, Allauddin, Rangeela, Munawar Zarif || Wazir Afzal || Nazir Films
|-
|1968 ||''Paristan'' ||Aziz Meeruti || Neelo, Mohammad Ali, Zamarrud, Yousuf Khan, Adeeb, Asad Bukhari, Nazar, Saqi || Rasheed Attray || Citizen Films
|-
|1968 ||''Mela 2 Din Da'' ||Aslam Irani || Naghma, Habib, Rangeela, Sawan, M. Ismael, Asad Bukhari, Nabeela, Razia, Zulfi, Nanha || G.A. Chishti || Lovely Films
|-
|1968 || ''Murad Baloch'' ||Masood Pervaiz || Firdous, Ejaz, Naheed, Iqbal Hassan, Rangeela, Ilyas Kashmiri, Mazhar Shah || Saleem Iqbal || Punjab Pictures
|-
|1968 || ''Naheed'' ||Iftikhar Khan || Deeba, Javed, Sabiha, Rangeela, Aslam Parvez, Saqi, Abbas Nosha, Farida, Nasira || Nashad || Taskin Pictures
|-
|1968 ||''[[Mera Ghar Meri Jannat]]'' ||Hassan Tariq || Muhammad Ali, Shamim Ara, Rani, Master Murad, Saqi, Talish, Ilyas Kashmiri || Saleem Iqbal || Fimsaz Productions
|-
|1969 ||''Nikkay Hundian Da Pyar'' ||[[Masood Parvez]] || Naghma, Ejaz, Aliya, Iqbal Hassan, Asif Jah, Munawar Zarif, Ajmal, Tani, Salma Mumtaz || Wajahat Attray || Ravi Films
|-
|1969 ||''Tumhi Ho Mehboob Meray'' ||Shabab Keranvi || Deeba, Waheed Murad, Rozina, Saiqa, Qavi, Nanha || M. Ashraf || Shabab Productions
|-
|1969 ||''Dard'' || Zafar Shabab || Deeba, Ejaz, Masood Akhtar, Saiqa, Zeenat, Munawar Zarif || Khawaja Pervaiz || Zafar Arts Productions
|-
|1969 ||''Najo'' ||Qadeer Ghori ||Firdous, [[Ejaz Durrani]], [[Aliya Begum|Aliya]], [[Zeenat Begum]], Asad Bukhari||Manzoor Ashraf ||S. Sheikh, Qadeer Ghori
|-
|1969 ||''Langotia'' ||Aslam Irani || Habib, Naghma, Razia, Sawan, Mazhar Shah || G.A Chishti || Lovely Productions
|-
|1969 ||''Dil-e-Betab'' ||Humayun Mirza || Shamim Ara, Mohammad Ali, Rani, Yousuf Khan, Rangeela, Ilyas Kashmiri || Master Inayat Hussain || Eshan Productions
|-
|1969 || ''Maa Beta'' || Hassan Tariq || Rani, Waheed Murad, Sabiha, Santosh Kumar, Masood Akhtar, Saiqa, Rangeela || Sohail Rana || N.T.M Productions
|-
|1969 || ''Gabhru Putt Punjab Day'' ||Ubaid Qadri || Naghma, Iqbal Hassan, Rani, Habib, Rangeela, Munawar Zarif, Sultan Rahi, Allauddin || G.A Chishti || Shadab Films
|-
|1970 ||''Wichhora'' ||M. Akram || Firdous, Ejaz, Zeenat, Sawan, Ilyas Kashmiri, Asad Bukhari, Munawar Zarif, Farhi || G.A Chishti || Orintial Films
|-
|1970 ||''Shama Aur Parwana'' ||Hassan Tariq || Rani, Nadeem, Shabnam, Ejaz, Aliya, Talish, Lehri, Rangeela, Ibrahim Nafees, Zahid Khan, Yasmin Khan || Nisar Bazmi ||H.T. Productions
|-
|1970 ||''Chann Tay Chakor'' ||Aizaz Syed || Firdous, Habib, Rukhsana, Munawar Zarif, Mazhar Shah, Ilyas Kashmiri, Razia || Safdar Hussain || Glamour Productions
|-
|1970 ||''Chann Sajna'' || Waheed Dar || Rani, Yousuf Khan, Aliya, Iqbal Hassan, Nayyar Sultana, Darpan, Asad Bukhari, Sultan Rahi || Wajahat Attray || Ravi Films
|-
|1970 ||''2 Baghi'' || M. Naseem || Rani, Syed Kemal, Habib, Lehri, Tarana, Aslam Parvez, Ilyas Kashmiri || Mazoor Ashraf || Popular Pictures
|-
|1970 ||''Rangu Jatt'' || Raja Hafeez || Sudhir, Naghma, Habib, Munawar Zarif, Sultan Rahi, Allauddin, M. Ismael, Abbas Nosha, Naeem Hashmi, Nighat Sultana || Master Abdullah || Dachi Films
|-
|1970 ||''Sardara'' || K.H. Zahid || Firdous, Habib, Iqbal Hassan, Sawan, Mazhar Shah, Munawar Zarif, Farzana, Shahida, Seema || M. Ashraf || Aftab Pictures
|-
|1971 ||''Raja Rani'' || Diljeet Mirza || Saloni, Jamal, Aliya, Zahid Khan, Rangeela, Diljeet Mirza, Zeenat, Talish, [[Salma Mumtaz]] ||Safdar Hussain || A.D. Films
|-
|1971 || ''Parai Aag'' || Raza Mir || Shamim Ara, Nadeem, Masood Akhtar, Asiya, Zamarrud, Sofia Bano, Qavi, Saqi, [[Asha Posley]], Tani ||Khawaja Khursheed Anwar || Sadia Hameed
|-
|1971 || ''Mali'' || Waheed Dar || Naghma, Habib, Aliya, Sawan, Munawar Zarif, Asad Bukhari, Khalifa Nazir, Ajmal, Nusrat Ara || G.A. Chishti || Qazi Films
|-
|1971 || ''Des Mera Jeedaran Da'' || Altaf Hussain || Rani, Yousuf Khan, Aliya, Iqbal Hassan, Mazhar Shah, Ilyas Kashmiri, Sultan Rahi || Wajahat Attray || S.I.S. Films
|-
|1971 || ''Yaar Des Punjab Day'' || Iqbal Khashmiri || Nisho, Yousuf Khan, Aliya, Iqbal Hassan, Sabiha, Sultan Rahi, Asad Bukhari, Ilyas Kashmiri, Saiqa, Nanha || G.A. Chishti || Abbas Pictures
|-
|1971 || ''Pehlwan Jee in London'' || Haider Chaudhry || Naghma, Habib, Iqbal Hassan, [[Zamurrad]], Munawar Zarif, Sawan, Nasira || Tafu || Akram Productions
|-
|1972 ||''Ucha Shamla Jatt Da'' ||Khanz Aziz ||Firdous, Habib, Rozina, Inayat Hussain Bhatti, Sultan Rahi, Sawan, Talish, Nanha, Ali Ejaz, Seema ||G.A Chishti ||Favorit Films
|-
|1972 ||''Doulat Tay Ghairat'' ||Waheed Dar ||Naghma, Habib, Aliya, Masood Akhtar, Munawar Zarif, Asad Bukhari, Nasira ||Nazar Ali || Union Pictures
|-
|1972 ||''Ek Raat'' ||Jameel Akhtar ||Deeba, Shahid, [[Rehana Siddiqui]], Sangeeta, Sabiha, Santosh Kumar, Aslam Parvez, Abbas Nosha ||Saadat H. Zaidi || Nosha Productions
|-
|1973 ||''Pyasa'' || Hassan Tariq || Rani, Shahid, Qavi, Zamarrud, Qavi, Nayyar Sultana, Zahid Khan, Ilyas Kashmiri ||Nisar Bazmi ||Sheikh Abdur Rashid
|-
|1973 ||''Dukh Sajna Day'' || N.A Wajee || Firdous, Sudhir, Ghazala, Habib, Rangeela, Asad Bukhari, Sabiha, Ali Ejaz, Changezi, Gotam, Khalid Saleem Mota || Saleem Iqbal || Delight Pictures
|-
|1974 ||''Babul Sadqay Teray'' || Aslam Dar || Aliya, Shahid, Sultan Rahi, Nimmo, Afzaal Ahmad, Khanum, Farah Jalal || Kemal Ahmed || Dar Films
|-
|1974 ||''Dunya Gol Hay'' || Qadeer Ghori || Saiqa, Rangeela, Talish, Sabiha, Qavi, Tamanna, [[Ishrat Chaudhary]], Shehnaz, Changezi || Naushad || Oriental Traders
|-
|1974 ||''Zalim Tay Mazloom'' || K.H. Zahid || Firdous, Habib, Nisho, Iqbal Hassan, Saiqa, Munawar Zarif, Allauddin, Saiqa, Nasira || Wajahat Attray || Taskin Pictures
|-
|1975 ||''Nadir Khan'' || Azmat Nawaz || Firdous, Ejaz, Aliya, Iqbal Hassan, Nayyar Sultana, Darpan, Sawan, Munawar Zarif || Wajahat Attray || Basharat Pictures
|-
|1975 ||''Mera Naa Patay Khan'' || Masood Pervez || [[Neelo]], Shahid, Munawar Zarif, Babra Sharif, [[Ishrat Chaudhary]], Meena Shori, Afzaal Ahmad, M. Ismael, Asif Jah, Mehboob Kashmiri || Bakhshi Wazir || S.M. Ali
|-
|1975 ||''Wehshi Jatt'' || Hassan Askari || Asiya, Sultan Rahi, Iqbal Hassan, Ghazala, Afzaal Ahmad, Ilyas Kashmiri, Ajmal, Jaggi Malik, Seema, Ali Ejaz, Fazal Mehmood || Safdar Hussain || Malik Pictures
|-
|1976 ||''Waada'' ||Aslam Dar ||Asiya, [[Waheed Murad]], [[Deeba]], [[Saiqa (actress)|Saiqa]], Lehri||Kemal Ahmad ||Asghar Joora
|-
|1976 ||''Zubaida'' ||Aslam Dar || [[Nisho]], Waheed Murad, Babra Sharif, Aslam Parvez, Lehri, Rangeela, [[Sabiha Khanum]] ||[[Master Rafiq Ali]] ||Daar Sons Movietune
|-
|1978 ||''Bohat Khoob'' ||Jan Mohammad Jamman || Najma, Shahid, Asiya, Najma Mehboob, Aslam Parvez, Fozia Durrani, Khalid Saleem Mota, Mirza Shahi, Saqi, Romana, Hanif, Jalil Afghani, Tamanna || Nazar Ali ||J.J. Productions
|-
|1978 ||''Mehman'' || Pervez Malik || [[Babra Sharif]], [[Afshan Qureshi]], [[Nayyar Sultana]], [[Rahat Kazmi]], [[Nighat Sultana]] ||M. Ashraf ||Pak Film Enterprises
|-
|1979 ||''Tarana'' ||Zafar Shabab || [[Waheed Murad]], [[Rani Begum|Rani]], [[Ghulam Mohiuddin (actor)|Ghulam Mohiuddin]], [[Bahar Begum]], [[Bindiya (Pakistani actress)|Bindiya]], [[Tamanna Begum|Tamanna]] || M. Ashraf || Zafar Art Productions
|-
|1979 ||''Nei Tehzeeb'' ||Agha Hassan Imtesal || Rani, Shahid, Babra Sharif, Usman Pirzada, Nanha, Bahar, Afzaal Ahmad, Nayyar Sultana, Asifa, Seema || M. Ashraf || Atif Saleem Film International
|-
|1979 ||''Nishani'' ||Jamshed Naqvi || [[Shabnam]], [[Waheed Murad]], Qavi, Tariq Aziz, Naini, Saiqa, Nayyar Sultana, Aslam Parvez ||Jozi Anjum ||S.A.J Films
|-
|1983 ||''Nazra'' ||Zaheer Ahmad Naqsh || [[Aasia]], [[Yousuf Khan (actor)|Yousuf Khan]], [[Najma Mehboob]], [[Ilyas Kashmiri (actor)|Ilyas Kashmiri]], [[Afzaal Ahmad]] ||M. Javed ||Shoeib Khan
|}

==Awards and recognition==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Result !! Title !! Ref.
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Nigar Awards|Nigar Award]]'' || ''For 30 Years of Excellence'' || {{Won}} || ''Contribution to Cinema'' ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan's "Oscars"; The Nigar Awards (1957 - 2002) (scroll down to the year 1982)|url=https://www.desimoviesreviews.com/index.php/2017/11/24/pakistans-oscars-nigar-awards|website=The Hot Spot Film Reviews website |access-date=18 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722111654/https://www.desimoviesreviews.com/index.php/2017/11/24/pakistans-oscars-nigar-awards|archive-date=22 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1242253|Meena Shorey}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|meena-shorey}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Meena Shorey
|list =
{{SpecialAwardfromNigarAwards}}
}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shorey, Meena}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Actresses from Lahore]]
[[Category:Actresses in Urdu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Pakistani film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani actresses]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Nigar Award winners]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Islam]]

List of Motu Patlu episodes

2026-05-07T05:27:06Z

Svetloxf: added new article - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{Notability|1=Lists|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Motu Patlu'' episodes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
''[[Motu Patlu]]'' is an Indian [[CGI animation|animated]] [[Animated sitcom|sitcom]] that premiered on [[Nickelodeon (Indian TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] in India on 16 October 2012. The show is available in [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kannada]], [[Oriya language|Odia]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. The series is adapted from the classic comic strip ''[[Lotpot]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=Storyboard18: Catching up with Motu Patlu ahead of Children's Day |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/storyboard18/storyboard18-catching-up-with-motu-patlu-ahead-of-childrens-day-15152361.htm |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}</ref> It focuses on the misadventures of two friends, Motu and Patlu, landing in trouble and comical situations, later being rescued only by luck. It is one of the most popular kids' shows in India.<ref name="Milligan 2016">{{cite web | last=Milligan | first=Mercedes | title=Cosmos-Maya Leads Regional Animation Production | website=Animation Magazine | date=19 May 2016 | url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/cosmos-maya-leads-regional-animation-production/ | access-date=16 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063311/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/cosmos-maya-leads-regional-animation-production/ | archive-date=17 November 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref>

==Episode list==
=== Season 1 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|1
|John Banega Don
|-
|2
|Pilot Training
|-
|3
|Scooter Race
|-
|4
|Angry Clouds
|-
|5
|Baby Dinosaur
|-
|6
|Antriksh Yatra
|-
|7
|Car Park
|-
|8
|Time Machine
|-
|9
|Animal Instinct
|-
|10
|Diamond Robbery
|-
|11
|Jagtey Raho
|-
|12
|Bomb Ki Khabar
|-
|13
|Chamatkari Mukut
|-
|14
|Boxer's Baby
|-
|15
|Super Duper Man
|-
|16
|Race To Rock Garden
|-
|17
|Flying Helmet
|-
|18
|Road Roller
|-
|19
|Ice Factory
|-
|20
|Photography Competition
|-
|21
|Motu Patlu MBBS
|-
|22
|Mehnat Ki Kamayee
|-
|23
|Lottery
|-
|24
|Motu The Alien
|-
|25
|Future Camera
|-
|26
|Cross Connection
|-
|27
|Robot Dog
|-
|28
|Motu Banega Don
|-
|29
|Super Murgiyan
|-
|30
|Amir Chand Fakir Chand
|-
|31
|Yamraj
|-
|32
|FWWE Fight
|-
|33
|Jinn
|-
|34
|Murti Ki Khoj
|-
|35
|Tigerrrrrrr
|-
|36
|Ek Thee Heroine
|-
|37
|Magician
|-
|38
|Peacock Fish
|-
|39
|Mela
|-
|40
|Bhoot Bangla
|-
|41
|Trekking
|-
|42
|Salim Robot
|-
|43
|Black Bull
|-
|44
|Kite Competition
|-
|45
|Hawaldar
|-
|46
|Bodyguard
|-
|47
|Giant Mosquitoes
|-
|48
|Big John
|-
|49
|Chamatkari Chashma
|-
|50
|Mithai Ki Dukan
|-
|51
|Samudri Khajana
|-
|52
|Cricket League
|}

=== Season 2 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|53
|Snow Park
|-
|54
|Ants Land
|-
|55
|Circus
|-
|56
|Gulabi Hathi
|-
|57
|Film Producer
|-
|58
|Soul Change
|-
|59
|Gold Samosa
|-
|60
|Army
|-
|61
|Wishing Stone
|-
|62
|Mermaid
|-
|63
|Dance Competition
|-
|64
|Hero Se Zero
|-
|65
|Rock Band
|-
|66
|Wajan
|-
|67
|The Game
|-
|68
|Lost Island
|-
|69
|Jhatka Ki Shaadi
|-
|70
|Chamtkari Joota
|-
|71
|Motu Ka Birthday
|-
|72
|Holi
|-
|73
|Motu Ke Clones
|-
|74
|Mummy
|-
|75
|Madari
|-
|76
|Memory Loss
|-
|77
|Duplicate Patlu
|-
|78
|Tel Malish
|-
|79
|Ward Boys
|-
|80
|Hero No 1
|-
|81
|Car Mechanic
|-
|82
|Reporter
|-
|83
|Carrot Thief
|-
|84
|Captain Crook
|-
|85
|Patlu's Mustache
|-
|86
|Prince Motu
|-
|87
|Samosaaaaaaaa
|-
|88
|Giant Tree
|-
|89
|Car Wash
|-
|90
|Football Match
|-
|91
|Hawai Safar
|-
|92
|Samaj Seva
|-
|93
|Robot Hand
|-
|94
|Shaving Foam
|-
|95
|Furfuri Nagar And Bank
|-
|96
|Boxing Competition
|-
|97
|Bin Bulaye Baraati
|-
|98
|Motu Ki Height
|-
|99
|Third Eye
|-
|100
|Hungry Motu
|-
|101
|Makaan Maalik
|-
|102
|Dog Training Center
|-
|103
|Pari Ka Vardan
|-
|104
|Tuition Teacher
|-
|105
|Dragon Motu
|-
|106
|John Ka Badla
|-
|107
|Friendship Gift
|-
|108
|Chote Chote Motu Patlu
|-
|109
|Baby Alien
|-
|110
|Ek Se Badhkar Ek
|-
|111
|Office Cleaning
|-
|112
|Ruck Motu Ruck
|-
|113
|Fauji Uncle
|-
|114
|Old Car Auction
|-
|115
|The Golden Goose
|-
|116
|Magical Scenery
|-
|117
|Chotu Ka Home Work
|-
|118
|Chuha Daud Billi Ayee
|-
|119
|Motu Patlu Ka Dhamaal
|-
|120
|Jhatka Experiment
|-
|121
|Health Competition
|-
|122
|John The Gentleman
|-
|123
|Snow Man
|-
|124
|Gold Coin
|-
|125
|John Ka Jaal
|-
|126
|Sleepy Motu
|-
|127
|Mandir Ka Khajana
|-
|128
|Shooting
|-
|129
|Mobike Ride
|-
|130
|Motu Ka Jukam
|-
|131
|Motu Ka Udhar
|-
|132
|Patlu Ki Bull Power
|-
|133
|Robot Horse
|-
|134
|Furniture Ki Dukaan
|-
|135
|Dhaba
|-
|136
|Giant Ka Mukabla
|-
|137
|Hawa Mahal
|-
|138
|Motu Ki Dosti
|-
|139
|Alien House
|-
|140
|Magical Book
|-
|141
|African Safari
|-
|142
|Giant Roses
|-
|143
|Cake Competition
|-
|144
|Golf Course
|-
|145
|Alien Ke Samose
|-
|146
|Furfuri Nagar Bhoot
|-
|147
|Humpty Dumpty
|-
|148
|Magical Flute
|-
|149
|Space Ship
|-
|150
|Fancy Dress Party
|-
|151
|Shaitan Ice Cubes
|-
|152
|Motu Vs John
|-
|153
|Monkey Kingdom
|-
|154
|Motu Patlu in Hotel
|-
|155
|Personality Change Machine
|-
|156
|Photo Shop
|}

=== Season 3 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|157
|Bunty Bablu
|-
|158
|Lambi Lambi Naak
|-
|159
|Bura Na Mano Masti Hai
|-
|160
|Motu Patlu Ka Makan
|-
|161
|Bijli Gul
|-
|162
|Dahi Handi
|-
|163
|Golden Butterfly
|-
|164
|Hawayee Dhaba
|-
|165
|Animal Park
|-
|166
|Shopping Mall
|-
|167
|Holi Hai Bhai Holi Hai
|-
|168
|Magic Bag
|-
|169
|Magnetic Motu
|-
|170
|The Kung Fu Master
|-
|171
|Birthday Dhamal
|-
|172
|Doggy Se Mukabla
|-
|173
|Jungle Me Mangal
|-
|174
|Hungama Ho Gaya
|-
|175
|Future News Tab
|-
|176
|Dog in the Well
|-
|177
|Shadi Ka Dhamal
|-
|178
|Alien Patlu
|-
|179
|Motu Ka Sapna
|-
|180
|Motu Patlu in Antarctica
|-
|181
|Intelligent Motu
|-
|182
|Cycle Race
|-
|183
|Buzo Ko Bachana Hai
|-
|184
|Motu Balloon
|-
|185
|Timepass
|-
|186
|The Electric Man
|-
|187
|Magical Scissor
|-
|188
|The Devil Toothpaste
|-
|189
|John's Birthday Gift
|-
|190
|Slow Motion Gadget
|-
|191
|Don The Magician
|-
|192
|The Life of Rat
|-
|193
|Aadiwasi Ka Mukut
|-
|194
|Robot of Furfuri Nagar
|-
|195
|Motu Patlu Ki Jodi
|-
|196
|Bravery Competition
|-
|197
|1 Jinn 2 Malik
|-
|198
|The Bulk
|-
|199
|Rocky Ka Ghar
|-
|200
|Cricket Match
|-
|201
|The Battle of Tree
|-
|202
|Naagon Se Panga
|-
|203
|Cylinder Ki Sawaari
|-
|204
|Positive Motu
|-
|205
|The Treasure Hunt
|-
|206
|John and the Hen
|-
|207
|Motu The Scientist
|-
|208
|Human Remote Control
|-
|209
|Motu Patlu Ki Car
|-
|210
|The Revenge of Crows
|-
|211
|The Golden Chariot
|-
|212
|Auto Rickshaw
|-
|213
|Water Problem
|-
|214
|Alien Hat
|-
|215
|Wish Point
|-
|216
|Dhongi Jyotishi
|-
|217
|Motu Patlu The Fire Fighter
|-
|218
|The Magical Album
|-
|219
|Tabela
|-
|220
|Traffic Police
|-
|221
|Swimming Pool
|-
|222
|Rupya Dus Karod
|-
|223
|The Smart Missile
|-
|224
|Athwa Ajooba
|-
|225
|Fire Ball Aliens
|-
|226
|Patakhey Ki Dukan
|-
|227
|Yog Guru Motu
|-
|228
|Satellite Patlu
|-
|229
|House Cleaning
|-
|230
|Samosey Wali Murgi
|-
|231
|Ants Attack
|-
|232
|Tiger John
|-
|233
|Sevak John
|-
|234
|Bahaduri Puruskar
|}

=== Season 4 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|235
|Motu Ki Poonch
|-
|236
|Mermaid Patlu
|-
|237
|Baar Baar Lagataar
|-
|238
|April Fool
|-
|239
|Motu Ka Gadha
|-
|240
|Motu Ka Commitment
|-
|241
|Colour Changing Camera
|-
|242
|Khatrey Ki Ghanti
|-
|243
|Kal Karey So Aaj Kar
|-
|244
|Bada Kabutar
|-
|245
|Mimicry Parrot
|-
|246
|Motu Patlu Ki Bus
|-
|247
|Dost No. 1
|-
|248
|Motu Ka Smart Phone
|-
|249
|Furfuri Nagar Ka Mayor
|-
|250
|Motu Twister
|-
|251
|Motu Patlu Kidnapped
|-
|252
|Motu Patlu Ka Ghar
|-
|253
|Commando Training
|-
|254
|Bolney Wali Moorti
|-
|255
|The Magical Bells
|-
|256
|Buri Nazar Waaley Tera Munh Laal
|-
|257
|John The Bodyguard
|-
|258
|The Evil Goggles
|-
|259
|Motu The King of Tribe
|-
|260
|Slippery Motu
|-
|261
|Motu Patlu Canteen
|-
|262
|The Magical Laptop
|-
|263
|Motu Patlu Acchey Insaan
|-
|264
|Baby Alien
|-
|265
|Motu Patlu Jasoos
|-
|266
|Pizza Boys
|-
|267
|Furfuri Nagar Mein Bhoot
|-
|268
|Motu The Sun Flower
|-
|269
|Courier Company
|-
|270
|John’s Mask
|-
|271
|Motu-Patlu Jinn
|-
|272
|Motu-Patlu in Hotel
|-
|273
|Chingum Ek Roop Anek
|-
|274
|Bhukkad Patlu
|-
|275
|Sniffer Dog
|-
|276
|Teleporting Machine
|-
|277
|Bachche Motu Patlu
|-
|278
|Lie Detector Robot
|-
|279
|Kabaddi Kabaddi
|-
|280
|Party Aaj Raat Ko
|-
|281
|Motu Patlu in Balloon
|-
|282
|Motu Ka Darr
|-
|283
|Motu Ki Khushi
|-
|284
|Bahadur Motu
|-
|285
|Inaam Dus Karod
|-
|286
|Jyotishi Motu
|-
|287
|Shaitanee Zuban
|-
|288
|Motu Patlu Ki Dukan
|-
|289
|Puncture Shop
|-
|290
|Bat in the Town
|-
|291
|Supersonic Speed Band
|-
|292
|Motu Patlu Ki Tow Chain
|-
|293
|Singing Competition
|-
|294
|Action Duplicating Machine
|-
|295
|The Villain Mask
|-
|296
|Chacha Ki Tijori
|-
|297
|Alien Calling Machine
|-
|298
|Energy Charger
|-
|299
|Duplicate Chingum
|-
|300
|The Train
|-
|301
|Dog Show
|-
|302
|King Patlu
|-
|303
|Asli Raja Nakli Raja
|-
|304
|Magical Pencil
|-
|305
|Invisible Bomb
|-
|306
|Motu Ke Ghar Ka Renovation
|-
|307
|Best Friend Award
|-
|308
|Motu Patlu Ka Atm
|-
|309
|Gilli Danda Competition
|-
|310
|Motu Patlu in Pyramid
|-
|311
|Pirates of Furfuri Nagar
|-
|312
|Invisible John
|}

=== Season 5 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|313
|Mr. Gayab
|-
|314
|Yam Hain Hum
|-
|315
|Murkh Nagari
|-
|316
|Chala Hai Motu Hero Banney
|-
|317
|Robotic Taanga
|-
|318
|Super Star Motu Patlu
|-
|319
|Don Ki Junglee Billian
|-
|320
|Flying Bus
|-
|321
|Alien Shankh
|-
|322
|Diamonds In The Train
|-
|323
|Motu Mobile
|-
|324
|The Magical Camera
|-
|325
|Ice Hockey
|-
|326
|Chamatkari Locket
|-
|327
|Chipko Stick Ka Dhamal
|-
|328
|Chingum Ki Chori
|-
|329
|Fortune Wheel
|-
|330
|Dr. Jhatka Ke Dadaji
|-
|331
|Don Ka Birthday
|-
|332
|Dr. Jhatka Ka Laser Cutter
|-
|333
|Message Ka Rahasya
|-
|334
|Mayor John
|-
|335
|Meals On Wheel
|-
|336
|Motu Ki Self Defence
|-
|337
|Motu Loudspeaker
|-
|338
|Motu Patlu Ki Deewar
|-
|339
|Patlu Ke Haath
|-
|340
|Police Station Mein Tabela
|-
|341
|Thanda Thanda Cold Cold
|-
|342
|Roller Skate Thief
|-
|343
|John Ke Missiles
|-
|344
|Badhti Ka Naam Dadhi
|-
|345
|Pigeon Paying Guest
|-
|346
|John's Certificate
|-
|347
|Lathi Charge
|-
|348
|Motu Ka Vachan
|-
|349
|Mobile Tower
|-
|350
|John The Superhero
|-
|351
|Body Control Machine
|-
|352
|Joker Motu Patlu
|-
|353
|Madari Ki Rassi
|-
|354
|Denture Alien
|-
|355
|Eyes Of Motu Patlu
|-
|356
|Glass Man Alien
|-
|357
|Motu Patlu Ka Photo Phone
|-
|358
|Motu's Friend Yeti
|-
|359
|Stone Man
|-
|360
|Toys Attack
|-
|361
|Ghasitaram The Cloud Man
|-
|362
|Revenge Of John
|-
|363
|Motu Patlu In Mines
|-
|364
|Motu Patlu Ka Aam
|-
|365
|Motu Ke Sapne
|-
|366
|Furfuri Marathon
|-
|367
|Motu Master Chef
|-
|368
|Burey Fansey
|-
|369
|John's Body Suit
|-
|370
|Lakshman Rekha
|-
|371
|Motu The Monkey Man
|-
|372
|John Ek Roop Anek
|-
|373
|Shaitan Murga
|-
|374
|John The Alien
|-
|375
|Ajab Gajab Poster
|-
|376
|Magical Coin
|-
|377
|Chalaak John
|-
|378
|Meteor Alien Attack
|-
|379
|Bahroopiye Patakhey
|-
|380
|Safety Book
|-
|381
|John Ka Challenge
|-
|382
|Electric Shoes
|-
|383
|Yamraj Ka Ear Phone
|-
|384
|Motu Ki Chheenk
|-
|385
|Motu Ki Shaadi
|-
|386
|John The Mosquito
|-
|387
|Phata Poster Nikla Motu
|-
|388
|Dr. Jhatka Ki Ulta Pulta Machine
|-
|389
|Tijori Ka Raaz
|-
|390
|Patlu Ki Beemari
|}

=== Season 6 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|391
|Rangeela Baba
|-
|392
|Jadoogarini Ka Seb
|-
|393
|Shrinking Machine
|-
|394
|John Ka Bhoot
|-
|395
|John The Circus Man
|-
|396
|Alien Doll
|-
|397
|Doggy Days Out
|-
|398
|John Ka Bhookamp
|-
|399
|Magical Wrist Watch
|-
|400
|Sachha Mann
|-
|401
|Devil's Stone
|-
|402
|Anti Theft Medicine
|-
|403
|Karamati Binoculars
|-
|404
|Lucky Coin
|-
|405
|Mehman John
|-
|406
|Magical Tattoos
|-
|407
|Alien Ball
|-
|408
|Dayawan Motu
|-
|409
|Shaitan Murti
|-
|410
|Bakra
|-
|411
|Unbreakable
|-
|412
|Ear Man Motu
|-
|413
|Weight Machine
|-
|414
|Bold Se Old Laser Pen
|-
|415
|Police Van
|-
|416
|Motor Cycle Ka Dhamal
|-
|417
|Heerey Ki Talash
|-
|418
|Motu Ke Samose Ki Dukan
|-
|419
|Lost Island
|-
|420
|Furfuri Nagar Club
|-
|421
|Machine Man
|-
|422
|Sitar Wala Kungfu Master
|-
|423
|Super Duper Fan
|-
|424
|Battery Power
|-
|425
|Alarm Clock
|-
|426
|Judwa Boxer
|-
|427
|Chingum Ka Farm House
|-
|428
|Johny Madadgar
|-
|429
|Samosa Vending Machine
|-
|430
|Boxing Gloves
|-
|431
|Bhalu Ka Aatank
|-
|432
|Patlu Pahlwan
|-
|433
|Badal Mein Ghar
|-
|434
|Motu Ke Baal
|-
|435
|Spin Rotator
|-
|436
|Laal Pari
|-
|437
|Daldali Teer
|-
|438
|Amusement Park Mein Dhamal
|-
|439
|Jadoogarni Ka Jhadu
|-
|440
|Jadoogar Joker
|-
|441
|Patlu Ki Race
|-
|442
|Inspector Patlu
|-
|443
|Motu Patlu Ball Game
|-
|444
|Motu Ka Rona
|-
|445
|Motu Ka Gussa
|-
|446
|Motu Ki Roshni
|-
|447
|Kushti Ka Mukabla
|-
|448
|Motu Patlu Ki Gift
|-
|449
|Dr Jhatka Ki Washing Machine
|-
|450
|Diamonds And Balloons
|-
|451
|Wo Bhi Kya Din Thhe
|-
|452
|Motu Patlu in Frog World
|-
|453
|Hum Chor Nahin
|-
|454
|Donkey With Horn
|-
|455
|Ajnabi Chor
|-
|456
|Motu Ki Umar
|-
|457
|John Ka Rumaal
|-
|458
|Power of Imagination
|-
|459
|Shocking News Ka Shock
|-
|460
|Jyotishi Tota
|-
|461
|Bubblegum Bomb
|-
|462
|Motu Patlu The Truck Driver
|-
|463
|Jailer Alien
|-
|464
|Motu Patlu The Plumber
|-
|465
|Khamosh Motu
|-
|466
|Hands Up Gun
|-
|467
|TV Antenna
|-
|468
|Motu The Super Dog Man
|}

=== Season 7 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|469
|Alien Chasma
|-
|470
|Horn Please
|-
|471
|Adventure of Mansi And Akaash
|-
|472
|Motu Patlu in Jail
|-
|473
|Baazon Se Takkar
|-
|474
|Guru Ho Ja Shuru
|-
|475
|Motu Patlu Aur Madhumakkhi
|-
|476
|Animal Converting Gadget
|-
|477
|Jaadui Anguthi
|-
|478
|John Ki Chaal Motu Patlu Behal
|-
|479
|Khajaney Ki Taslash
|-
|480
|Motu Ka Phone Ka Shauk
|-
|481
|Na Kehna Mana Hai
|-
|482
|Dr Jhatka Ki Fighting Machine
|-
|483
|Motu Patlu Pareshan
|-
|484
|John's Air Line
|-
|485
|Chingum Hi Chingum
|-
|486
|John The Robot
|-
|487
|The Scientist Neighbour
|-
|488
|Naughty Motu
|-
|489
|Motu Eraser
|-
|490
|John Ek Icchhadhari Naag
|-
|491
|John Shrinks Motu Patlu
|-
|492
|Bhullakad Motu
|-
|493
|Motu The Roller Skate Coach
|-
|494
|Motu The Grass Eater
|-
|495
|Motu The Running Man
|-
|496
|Motu Patlu The Best Commandos
|-
|497
|Motu The King of Mummies
|-
|498
|Motu Ke Andey
|-
|499
|Remote Control
|-
|500
|Panni Ka Darr
|-
|501
|Motu The Alien
|-
|502
|John The Bee Man
|-
|503
|John Ka Body Guard
|-
|504
|Helpline
|-
|505
|Good Luck – Bad Luck
|-
|506
|The Crystal Camera
|-
|507
|Bahadur No. 1
|-
|508
|Motu Ke Sawal
|-
|509
|The Danger Man
|-
|510
|The Special Armour Suit
|-
|511
|The Agreement
|-
|512
|Motu Patlu Laundry Shop
|-
|513
|Motu – Akbar The Great
|-
|514
|The Golden Aliens
|-
|515
|Motu The Doctor
|-
|516
|Macchar In The Car
|-
|517
|The Root Attack
|-
|518
|Bhooton Ki Lottery
|-
|519
|The Flying Lift
|-
|520
|Hansna Zaroori Hai
|}

=== Season 8 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|521
|Badshah Chingum
|-
|522
|Choron Ka Raja Chingum
|-
|523
|Motu Ka Power Nap
|-
|524
|Ziddi Motu
|-
|525
|Brake Machine
|-
|526
|Adbut Gadgeet
|-
|527
|Scientist Motu Patlu
|-
|528
|Dr Jhatka Ki All Weather Shirt
|-
|529
|Rat World
|-
|530
|Bees In The Home
|-
|531
|Motu The Judge
|-
|532
|Motu Patlu Ki Dosti Vs. Science
|-
|533
|Motu Ka Business
|-
|534
|Motu Patlu Air Bus
|-
|535
|Local Game Competition
|-
|536
|Jhatka Ka Power Download Gadget
|-
|537
|Chalak Singh Ki Chalaki
|-
|538
|The Gang of Thugs
|-
|539
|Children's Day
|-
|540
|Asli Doodh Aur Nakli Doodh
|-
|541
|Chotu Ki Car
|-
|542
|Motu The Director
|-
|543
|Furfuri Nagar Tower
|-
|544
|Motu Ke Haath
|-
|545
|Motu Ki Tez Aankhein
|-
|546
|Motu Ki Jaduyee Cheenk
|-
|547
|Doodh Ka Doodh Pani Ka Pani
|-
|548
|Boxer Ki Akad
|-
|549
|The Magical Crow
|-
|550
|Motu Ki Bhavishyavani
|-
|551
|Invisible Oil
|-
|552
|John The Dog Painter
|-
|553
|Motu Ka Cycle Chalana
|-
|554
|Motu Ki Haath Ki Safai
|-
|555
|Robot Uncle
|-
|556
|Bhuddu No. 1
|-
|557
|Motu Ka Selfie Shauk
|-
|558
|The Fake Jinn Lamp
|-
|559
|Ghasitaram Ki Bike
|-
|560
|Motu The Jinn
|-
|561
|Motu Patlu The Gardener
|-
|562
|Onions
|-
|563
|Motu Ki Beemari
|-
|564
|Motu Patlu Baby John
|-
|565
|Party Invitation
|-
|566
|Motu Bhag Bandar Aaya
|-
|567
|Circus Ka Ghoda
|-
|568
|Ped Wala Baba
|-
|569
|Pappe Da Dhaba
|-
|570
|Patlu Robot
|-
|571
|Motu Ka Laddu
|-
|572
|Motu The AC
|-
|573
|Motu Paltu Taxi Service
|-
|574
|Motu Ke Achaar
|-
|575
|Mr. Justice ka insaaf
|-
|576
|Moorti Ka Dhammal
|-
|577
|Doggy Pyar
|-
|578
|The Watchman
|-
|579
|Motu Bhaag Peechey Aag
|-
|580
|Loss Of Words
|-
|581
|John Ka Jaal
|-
|582
|Pigeon Courier Service
|-
|583
|John Ka Jigri Dost
|-
|584
|John Ka Samosa
|-
|585
|Smile Please
|-
|586
|Chingum Ki Yadddast
|-
|587
|Chingum Ke Lambe Haath
|-
|588
|The Magical Trees
|-
|589
|Motu Ka Samosa Shauk
|-
|590
|John Ka Bhai Jonny
|-
|591
|John Ki Jungle Safari
|-
|592
|Dr Jhatka Ki Twister Lattu
|-
|593
|Furfuri Nagar Ki Diwali
|-
|594
|Chingum Ki Gun
|-
|595
|Jhatka Ka Choomantar Gadget
|-
|596
|Motu Patlu Ki Nursery
|-
|597
|Jasoos Motu
|-
|598
|Motu Ka Drawing Competition
|}

=== Season 9 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|599
|Makdi Ka Jaala
|-
|600
|Boxer Ki Neend
|-
|601
|Motu Ki Teerandazi
|-
|602
|Bolna Mana Hai
|-
|603
|Motu Patlu Ki Roof Repair
|-
|604
|Jumping Jack Motu Patlu
|-
|605
|Motu Patlu Ki Murgi
|-
|606
|Driver No 1
|-
|607
|Motu Patlu Ka Mobile Theatre
|-
|608
|Chaalak Naukar
|-
|609
|Kaagaj Ka Aadmi
|-
|610
|Fighting Zone
|-
|611
|John The Hammer Man
|-
|612
|Rat Attack
|-
|613
|Motu Patlu Vs Dinosaur
|-
|614
|Motu The Chef
|-
|615
|Motu Patlu Aur Shaitani Putla
|-
|616
|Saanpon Ka Hungama
|-
|617
|Motu The Star
|-
|618
|John Ka Threadmill
|-
|619
|Dr Jhatka Ka Teleporting Machine
|-
|620
|Machhliyon Ki Azadi
|-
|621
|Motu's Kathak Dance
|-
|622
|Safed Hathi
|-
|623
|Robot Chingum
|-
|624
|Dhakka Maar
|-
|625
|Crying Magician
|-
|626
|Motu Patlu The Bodyguard
|-
|627
|Motu Ki Pitayi
|-
|628
|Ichhadhari Bhains
|-
|629
|Motu Ka Bachpana
|-
|630
|Chor Aliens
|-
|631
|Motu Ka Bull Dozer
|-
|632
|Motu Ki Train
|-
|633
|John The Jaldev
|-
|634
|Khazana Khazana
|-
|635
|Motu Ki Bike
|-
|636
|Motu Ka Doggy
|-
|637
|Dr Jhatka Ki Smart Dustbin
|-
|638
|Kaidi Chingum
|-
|639
|Motu Ki Madad
|-
|640
|Motu Saves Alien
|-
|641
|Snake In The Car
|-
|642
|Gusse Wali Chai
|-
|643
|Motu Ki Jaadu Ki Chadi
|-
|644
|Motu Aur Sher
|-
|645
|Patluji Ki Dulhania
|-
|646
|John Ka Baadal Bijli
|-
|647
|John Ka Birds
|-
|648
|Bure Kaam Ka Bura Nateeja
|-
|649
|John Ek Behrupiya Chor
|-
|650
|Motu Patlu Ki Naukri
|-
|651
|Dr Jhatka Ki Stone Age Machine
|-
|652
|Jhoot Bole Kauwa Kaate
|-
|653
|Motu Patlu In Mauritius
|-
|654
|Invisible Cage
|-
|655
|Kuch Kuch Dikta Hai
|-
|656
|Boxer Ki Car
|-
|657
|John Ke Bhoot
|-
|658
|Chand Pe Makan
|-
|659
|Motu Patlu Ki Painting
|-
|660
|Dr Jhatka Ka Umbrella
|-
|661
|John Ka Eye Checkup Camp
|-
|662
|Motu Ka Film Share Award
|-
|663
|Dr Jhatka Ka Mind Printer
|-
|664
|Tree Eater Ghost
|-
|665
|Maan Na Maan Ma Tera Mehman
|-
|666
|Motu Ka Insaaf
|-
|667
|Boxer Ki Boxing
|-
|668
|Dr Jhatka Ka Mind Projector
|-
|669
|Motu Patlu Aur Lalchi Alien
|-
|670
|Chingum Ke Chacha
|-
|671
|Heeron Ki Pagdi
|-
|672
|Motu Ka Pollution
|-
|673
|Motu Ek Murtikar
|-
|674
|Motu On Demand
|-
|675
|Gravity Gel
|-
|676
|Motu Patlu Ki Inter Planet Diwali
|-
|677
|Diwali Me Samaj Seva
|-
|678
|John Ki Deemak
|-
|679
|Samose Samose Kaise Kahoon
|-
|680
|Dr. Jhatka Ki Lassi
|-
|681
|Motu Ka Robot
|-
|682
|Din Dahade Chori
|-
|683
|Motu Ki Son Chidiya
|-
|684
|Patlu Ki Dosti
|-
|685
|Weather Out Of Control
|-
|686
|Motu Patlu Ki Secretary
|-
|687
|Patlu Ki Choti
|-
|688
|Mermaid Ka Rahasya
|-
|689
|Patlu Ka Chasma
|-
|690
|Dr Jhatka Ka Street Signal
|-
|691
|Motu Ki Event Management
|-
|692
|Drone Delivery
|-
|693
|Inspired Motu
|-
|694
|John Ke Aliens
|-
|695
|Motu Patlu Ki Advertising Agency
|-
|696
|John Ka Self Damage Spray
|-
|697
|Motu Ka Teddy Bear
|-
|698
|Magnetic Ball
|-
|699
|Motu Patlu Ka Dhaba
|-
|700
|Udtha Motu
|-
|701
|Motu The Encyclopedia
|-
|702
|Flat Ki Talash
|}

=== Season 10 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|703
|Motu Patlu Ki Help Agency
|-
|704
|Ek Kadam Aage
|-
|705
|Ghasitaram Ki Shaadi
|-
|706
|Motu The Diaper Man
|-
|707
|Military Land Ka Sauda
|-
|708
|Motu Ka Papa Ka Bungalow
|-
|709
|Motu Ke Bahaney
|-
|710
|Jhatka Kidnapped In Modern City
|-
|711
|John Ka Sneezing Spray
|-
|712
|Jadoogar Phislekar Ka Bunglow
|-
|713
|Aliens On Call
|-
|714
|John The ATM Thief
|-
|715
|Don Ka Master Plan
|-
|716
|Tricycle Race
|-
|717
|Jaadu Ki Jhappi
|-
|718
|Alien Ka Khana
|-
|719
|Kripalu Baba
|-
|720
|Dr Jhatka's Car In Space
|-
|721
|Motu Ki Cloud Agency
|-
|722
|Motu Ka Dost
|-
|723
|Motu Ka Marriage Dance
|-
|724
|Picnic Party
|-
|725
|Secret File
|-
|726
|Laughter Club Ka Asar
|-
|727
|John Ka Mission Samosa
|-
|728
|Jhatka Ki Cloud Car
|-
|729
|Motu Patlu Ki Watch Tower
|-
|730
|Safayee Abhiyan
|-
|731
|Ching Chang Ka Mukut
|-
|732
|Motu Patlu Ki Air Taxi
|-
|733
|Motu Ka Khazana
|-
|734
|Every Man Is A Police Man
|-
|735
|Motu Patlu Morcha
|-
|736
|Motu Patlu Ki Marathon
|-
|737
|Blue Fire
|-
|738
|Boxer's Car From Modern City
|-
|739
|Motu Ka Biliards
|-
|740
|Hero Don
|-
|741
|Machhron Ka Humla
|-
|742
|John The Jalpari
|-
|743
|Motu The Radio Jockey
|-
|744
|Motu Loves Dancing
|-
|745
|Alien Mirror
|-
|746
|Monkey Trouble
|-
|747
|Nagmani Wala Donkey
|-
|748
|Motu The Jungle King
|-
|749
|Mayor Ka Election
|-
|750
|John Ki Sun Cream
|-
|751
|Greedy Dog
|-
|752
|Lungi Dance
|-
|753
|Pet's Home
|-
|754
|Panther In Modern City
|-
|755
|Social Media
|-
|756
|Motu Ke Bol
|-
|757
|Motu Patlu The Bus Driver
|-
|758
|Motu Patlu Ki Lazer Power
|-
|759
|John The Kid
|-
|760
|Motu Ka Fan
|-
|761
|John Ka Gas Cylinder
|-
|762
|Ghoonse Waaley Baba
|-
|763
|Motu Patlu Ki Dairy
|-
|764
|John The Power Snatcher
|-
|765
|Motu Ka Bank Loan
|-
|766
|Motu Ka Jaadu
|-
|767
|John Ke Snake
|-
|768
|Dr Jhatka Ki Furtili Chai
|-
|769
|Motu Ki Pagdi
|-
|770
|Motu Patlu Omlete Pav Shop
|-
|771
|Jhatka Ka Eye Clinic
|-
|772
|Motu The Pilot
|-
|773
|John The Kite Man
|-
|774
|Chotu Ka Project
|-
|775
|Alien Bracelet
|-
|776
|Motu Ki Bachat
|-
|777
|Motu Ki Mausi Vs. John Ki Mausi
|-
|778
|John Ke Robot Tree
|-
|779
|Boxer Ki Nayee Car
|-
|780
|Motu Ka Fear Factor
|-
|781
|John Ki Running Road
|-
|782
|Discount Sale
|-
|783
|Motu Patlu Ka Fire Extinguisher
|-
|784
|Motu Ka Inaam
|-
|785
|John Ki Tijori
|-
|786
|Poultry Farm
|-
|787
|Boxer Ki Biopic
|-
|788
|Bhulakad Chachu
|-
|789
|Humshakal Ki Talash
|-
|790
|Motu Ke Kharate
|-
|791
|Minister John
|-
|792
|Fire Brigade
|-
|793
|Nakli Sher
|-
|794
|MP Bank
|-
|795
|Motu Patlu Ka Fashion Show
|-
|796
|Don the Wolf Boy
|-
|797
|Motu Patlu Ki Car Race
|-
|798
|Motu Patlu App
|-
|799
|Apna Hotel
|-
|800
|Mr. Badbadiya
|-
|801
|Motu Patlu's Photo With Superstar
|-
|802
|Online Interview
|-
|803
|Motu Ki Dadi
|-
|804
|Motu's House on Sale
|-
|805
|The Letter Box
|-
|806
|Motu Patlu The Press Reporter
|}

=== Season 11 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|807
|Trapped In the Tower
|-
|808
|John The Iron Man
|-
|809
|Cheeze Rat Trap
|-
|810
|Motu Ka Charity Prize
|-
|811
|Dagmagta Motu
|-
|812
|Invisible Hathkadi
|-
|813
|Selfie Competition
|-
|814
|Welcome To Furfuri Nagar
|-
|815
|Detective Agency
|-
|816
|Holographic Order
|-
|817
|Chotu Ka Birthday
|-
|818
|Jhatka Ki Special Van
|-
|819
|John Ka Power Snatcher Powder
|-
|820
|Wrestlers in Motu Patlu's House
|-
|821
|John Ka Toofan
|-
|822
|John Ka Mineral Water
|-
|823
|Motu Patlu Ki Painting
|-
|824
|Motu The Hero
|-
|825
|Hi-Tech Gadget Agency
|-
|826
|Boxer Ki T-shirt
|-
|827
|Animals In The Home
|-
|828
|Motu Patlu In Enemy Camp
|-
|829
|Chaiwale Ki Memory Loss
|-
|830
|Motu Aur Jalpari
|-
|831
|Motu Patlu Ki Flying Ship
|-
|832
|Chala Hai Motu Actor Bananey
|-
|833
|Appu From Iceland
|-
|834
|Motu Bhag Chooha Ayaa
|-
|835
|Modern City Ki Sair
|-
|836
|Chingum Ka Walkie Talkie
|-
|837
|Asli John Ka Nakli Bhoot
|-
|838
|Crocodile Island
|-
|839
|Madadgar Motu
|-
|840
|Motu Patlu In Ant Land
|-
|841
|John Ka Karamati App
|-
|842
|Robotic Pixel Balls
|-
|843
|Motu And The Bone
|-
|844
|Crocodiles In The Lake
|-
|845
|Dustbin Gang
|-
|846
|John Ka Grand Plan
|-
|847
|Super Chalak Chor
|-
|848
|Patlu Ki Shaadi
|-
|849
|Weight Loss Suit
|-
|850
|Butterfly Island
|-
|851
|Motu Ki Pareshani
|-
|852
|Modern City Vs. Hi-Tech City Cricket Match
|-
|853
|Motu Bhag Cheel Aayee
|-
|854
|Dhaki Chika Dhaki Chika Aliens
|-
|855
|Motu Patlu In Marriage
|-
|856
|Kite Festival
|-
|857
|Gold To Stone Gun
|-
|858
|Taka Jhaki
|-
|859
|Ghost Dost In Italy
|-
|860
|Motu Patlu Ka Target
|-
|861
|Motu Patlu In Star World
|-
|862
|Ghost Bungalow
|-
|863
|Mummy Attack
|-
|864
|Motu Patlu Save The World
|-
|865
|Bhar Pet Thali
|-
|866
|Mosquito's Promise
|-
|867
|Motu – King Alexander The Tenth
|-
|868
|Lion Zinda Hai
|-
|869
|Motu The Gladiator
|-
|870
|John The Baby Elephant
|-
|871
|The Atlas Man
|-
|872
|Magical Cannon Ball
|-
|873
|Missing Tower
|-
|874
|Birds' Navigation
|-
|875
|Samose In Paris
|-
|876
|Time Travel To Rome
|-
|877
|Giraffe Motu In Paris
|-
|878
|Speed King Robber
|-
|879
|Motu Patlu Ka Family Dinner In Paris
|-
|880
|Motu Patlu Ka Tabela
|-
|881
|King Uncle Ka Diamond
|-
|882
|The Kidnapping Of The Queen
|-
|883
|Football Games In England
|-
|884
|Theft On Stonehenge
|-
|885
|Motu Patlu Ka Car Wash
|-
|886
|Hotel Me Chori
|-
|887
|Top Of Europe
|-
|888
|Motu Patlu In Big Ben
|-
|889
|Diamonds On The Eiffel Tower
|-
|890
|John Ka Missile Attack
|-
|891
|Motu Patlu In London College
|-
|892
|The Secret Chip
|-
|893
|Motu Patlu The Dog Trainer
|-
|894
|Thieves In Louvre Pyramid
|-
|895
|Hostage On German Ship
|-
|896
|Motu Patlu At Buckingham Palace
|-
|897
|Haunted Palace In Rome
|-
|898
|Dr. Jhatka Ki Diary
|-
|899
|Motu The Hollywood Hero
|-
|900
|Advance Chariot Race
|-
|901
|Flat In Germany
|-
|902
|Motu Aur Giant Man
|-
|903
|Naughty Monkeys
|-
|904
|Statue In Museum
|-
|905
|Motu The Wrestling Champion
|-
|906
|Chor Ka Badla
|-
|907
|The Trembling Island
|-
|908
|Halloween In Germany
|-
|909
|Motu Ka Nakli Pair
|-
|910
|Motu Patlu Ki Car Race
|}

=== Season 12 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|911
|Motu Ka Tabla Classes
|-
|912
|Motu Ka Kareedhari
|-
|913
|Mr Cheater Of Berlin
|-
|914
|Mystery Of Missing Scientist
|-
|915
|The Lost Train
|-
|916
|Motor Boat Competition Of Berlin
|-
|917
|Meals On Wings
|-
|918
|Cyrus Ka Virus
|-
|919
|Royal Horse Of London
|-
|920
|Crown Of Queen
|-
|921
|Tower Of Pisa Ki Chori
|-
|922
|Dr Missile
|-
|923
|Lucky Draw In London
|-
|924
|Saving Baby Reindeer
|-
|925
|Secret Agent In Rome
|-
|926
|The Killer Shark Of Berlin
|-
|927
|The Hypnotist Romeo In Rome
|-
|928
|The Ghost Train In Switzerland
|-
|929
|Bull Riding In Spain
|-
|930
|Picnic In Tree House
|-
|931
|Dangerous Road Trip in Switzerland - Part 1
|-
|932
|Dangerous Road Trip in Switzerland - Part 2
|-
|933
|Dangerous Road Trip in Switzerland - Part 3
|-
|934
|Dangerous Road Trip in Switzerland - Part 4
|-
|935
|House Arrest In Berlin
|-
|936
|Lion In The Train
|-
|937
|Bunkers In Albania
|-
|938
|The Giant Crab
|-
|939
|Motu Patlu Vs Dr Dino
|-
|940
|Birthday In Colosseum
|-
|941
|The Human Remote Control
|-
|942
|The Invisible Tribes Of Jungfraujoch
|-
|943
|International Don
|-
|944
|Motu Bhag Furniture Aaya
|-
|945
|Lake Of Fire
|-
|946
|Motu Patlu In Winter Palace
|-
|947
|Motu Bhag Froggy Aaya
|-
|948
|Motu The Uglu Buglu Man
|-
|949
|Twins Carnival In Jungfraujoch
|-
|950
|Curfew In Berlin
|-
|951
|Whistling Village
|-
|952
|Zebra Ants
|-
|953
|Angel Of Jungfraujoch
|-
|954
|Dr Jhatka Vs Dr Pathak
|-
|955
|The Chemical Reaction
|-
|956
|Gang Of Mr Snow
|-
|957
|Alien Castle
|-
|958
|Black Forest
|-
|959
|Khasna Mana Hai
|-
|960
|The Puppet Thieves
|-
|961
|Invisible Chor In Berlin
|-
|962
|Motu Patlu Vs Big Eye
|-
|963
|Mehnat Ki Kamayee
|-
|964
|Taj Mahal Ki Chori
|-
|965
|Motu Patlu In Rock Garden
|-
|966
|Motu The Anchor
|-
|967
|Do Karod Ke Joote
|-
|968
|Victoria 420
|-
|969
|Rhinoceros Gang
|-
|970
|Motu Patlu At Gateway Of India
|-
|971
|Ghar Pe Kabza
|-
|972
|Motu Patlu In Backwater
|-
|973
|Motu Patlu Vs Jinn
|-
|974
|Statue Of Rock Garden
|-
|975
|Rock Garden In Danger
|-
|976
|Intelligent Motu
|-
|977
|Udney Wala Gadget
|-
|978
|Sher Aaya Sher
|-
|979
|Ullu Banaya Bada Maza Aaya
|-
|980
|Juhu Beach Mein Dhammal
|-
|981
|Snake Bodyguards
|-
|982
|Motu Patlu In Hawa Mahal
|-
|983
|Motu Ki Handgun
|-
|984
|Invisible Qutub Minar
|-
|985
|Woodpecker Motu
|-
|986
|Motu Bhag Mummy Aayi
|-
|987
|Missing Doggy
|-
|988
|Baba Aur Bunty
|-
|989
|Motu Patlu Vs Chatur Lutera
|-
|990
|Chingum Hua Beghar
|-
|991
|Teleporting Toy Dog
|-
|992
|Victoria Memorial Ka Khazana
|-
|993
|Naughty Anaconda
|-
|994
|Motu Patlu Vs Werewolves
|-
|995
|Qutub Minar In Danger
|-
|996
|Motu Patlu In Elephanta Caves
|-
|997
|Totey Ki Bhavishyawani
|-
|998
|Typhoon The Havahavai
|-
|999
|Kissa Kahani Ka
|-
|1000
|Relocating Charminar
|-
|1001
|Head Ya Tail
|-
|1002
|Motu Ka Horoscope
|-
|1003
|Magician Of Vrindavan Garden
|-
|1004
|Motu Patlu Vs Naraz Chor
|-
|1005
|Motu Patlu Vs Denatasur
|-
|1006
|Motu Ke Message
|-
|1007
|Sea Creatures Attack
|-
|1008
|Motu Bana Badshah
|-
|1009
|The Train Robbery
|-
|1010
|Karey Koi Bharey Koi
|-
|1011
|The Secret Mission Of Motu Patlu - Part 1
|-
|1012
|The Secret Mission Of Motu Patlu - Part 2
|-
|1013
|The Secret Mission Of Motu Patlu - Part 3
|-
|1014
|The Secret Mission Of Motu Patlu - Part 4
|}

=== Season 13 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|1015
|Golden Duck
|-
|1016
|Chalbaz Gang Of Bekal Fort
|-
|1017
|Motu Ke Aansoo
|-
|1018
|Flying Monkeys
|-
|1019
|Time Reversal Gadget
|-
|1020
|Motu Patlu In Red Fort
|-
|1021
|The Race To Howrah Bridge
|-
|1022
|Supernatural Men Of Bekal Fort
|-
|1023
|Hat Jo Bana De Hero
|-
|1024
|Mysterious Clouds Of Howrah Bridge
|-
|1025
|Bhoot Bulaya Motu Nay
|-
|1026
|Danda Gang
|-
|1027
|Toy Aliens
|-
|1028
|Khush Hona Mana Hai
|-
|1029
|Mystery Of Missing Tom
|-
|1030
|Bikers On Howrah Bridge
|-
|1031
|Detective Drone
|-
|1032
|Train Out Of Control
|-
|1033
|Meri Pareshani Teri Pareshani
|-
|1034
|Dog Trouble
|-
|1035
|Jaadugar Lambekaan
|-
|1036
|Aagyakari Gadget
|-
|1037
|The Mystery Of Elephanta Caves
|-
|1038
|Motu Patlu In Majestic Waterfall
|-
|1039
|Dr Wig Key Wigs
|-
|1040
|Kidnapping In Train
|-
|1041
|Big Toss Ka Task
|-
|1042
|Lizard Man In Howrah Bridge
|-
|1043
|The Stone Age
|-
|1044
|The Giant Lutera
|-
|1045
|The Mystery Of Missing Taj Mahal
|-
|1046
|Bhaaluon Ka Aatank
|-
|1047
|Run Monkey Motu Aaya
|-
|1048
|Terrorists Of Bekal Fort
|-
|1049
|John Ki Chaal
|-
|1050
|Dr Cactus Ke Cactus
|-
|1051
|Mano Ya Na Mano Yeti Hai
|-
|1052
|Motu The Spy
|-
|1053
|Dosti Gadget
|-
|1054
|Khatrey Mein Charminar
|-
|1055
|Baby Dinosaur Of Assam Tea Garden
|-
|1056
|Motu Patlu Vs Money Singh
|-
|1057
|The Golden Rat
|-
|1058
|Magical Glove
|-
|1059
|The Human Statue Garden
|-
|1060
|The Mask Gang
|-
|1061
|Flying Statues Of Rock Garden
|-
|1062
|Ninja Gang Of Vrindavan Garden
|-
|1063
|Train On The Road
|-
|1064
|Dreams Of Robot
|-
|1065
|Soldiers Of Red Fort
|-
|1066
|Magician Of Juhu Beach
|-
|1067
|Fighter Murga
|-
|1068
|Motu The Son Of Jinn
|-
|1069
|Robotic Jinn
|-
|1070
|Jasoos Ghasitaram
|-
|1071
|Chaiwala In Juhu Beach
|-
|1072
|Twister Mein Charminar
|-
|1073
|Ghost Of Charminar
|-
|1074
|Earthquake Of Victoria Memorial
|-
|1075
|Mumbai Ka Superhero
|-
|1076
|The Mystery Of Hot Water Spring
|-
|1077
|The Man From Future
|-
|1078
|Rabbit Thieves
|-
|1079
|Magical Trees
|-
|1080
|John Ke Bubble Gum
|-
|1081
|Chaiwala Kidnap
|-
|1082
|Monster Of Majestic Waterfall
|-
|1083
|Jungle On Howrah Bridge
|-
|1084
|Terrorist In Jaisalmer Fort
|-
|1085
|Magical Megaphone
|-
|1086
|Cycle Race
|-
|1087
|Tea Man
|-
|1088
|Udneywala Auto
|-
|1089
|Trapped In Bhool Bhulaiyaa
|-
|1090
|Khopadi Ki Weighing Machine
|-
|1091
|Magical Stick
|-
|1092
|Boxing Championship In Juhu Beach
|-
|1093
|Magical Butterfly
|-
|1094
|Phati Jeans
|-
|1095
|The Umbrella Gang
|-
|1096
|John's Balloon Gun
|-
|1097
|Bolney Wala Camel
|-
|1098
|Bhootiya Haveli
|-
|1099
|Dosti Locket
|-
|1100
|John Ka Bhootia Plan
|-
|1101
|Motu Patlu In Film City
|-
|1102
|Locust Attack
|-
|1103
|Dolphins In Danger
|-
|1104
|Sand Ghost Of Howrah Bridge
|-
|1105
|Dinosaur Park
|-
|1106
|Rain Rain Go Away
|-
|1107
|Volleyball Match In Juhu Beach
|-
|1108
|The Liliputer King
|-
|1109
|Motu The Bat Boy
|-
|1110
|Animal Gang In Chandi Chowk
|-
|1111
|Aliens Of Howrah Bridge
|-
|1112
|Naarial Attack
|-
|1113
|Chingum The Superstar
|-
|1114
|Dicoits Of Chambal
|-
|1115
|Fun Without Fair
|-
|1116
|Trapped In Camera
|-
|1117
|Crystal Aliens
|-
|1118
|John's Laughing Gas
|}

=== Season 14 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|1119
|The angry coalman
|-
|1120
|The mysterious babu
|-
|1121
|Power of a boxer
|-
|1122
|Shhhhhhhh bhoot hai
|-
|1123
|Boxer vs Motu
|-
|1124
|Motu ka ped lagao abhiyan
|-
|1125
|Bubblegum chor
|-
|1126
|Chaos In Zoo
|-
|1127
|Bridge In Danger
|-
|1128
|Magical Moonchein
|-
|1129
|Bahar Ana Mana Hai
|-
|1130
|Boss No 1
|-
|1131
|Raja Ka Baj Gaya Baaja
|-
|1132
|Finding Bunny
|-
|1133
|Magical Wallet
|-
|1134
|Micky's channel hacked
|-
|1135
|Motu Patlu ke Masterji
|-
|1136
|Ghasitaram ki power
|-
|1137
|Mr & Mrs Jack And Jill
|-
|1138
|The Magical Mask
|-
|1139
|Superstar of Furfurinagar
|-
|1140
|Motu Patlu Ke Interview
|-
|1141
|Road Contractor
|-
|1142
|Motu Ki Akal
|-
|1143
|Ek Din Ka Inspector
|-
|1144
|Catch Me If You Can
|-
|1145
|Bath Tub On The Run
|-
|1146
|Motu Patlu Ki Circus
|-
|1147
|The Missing Home
|-
|1148
|Baar Baar Lagataar
|-
|1149
|Per Grooming Saloon
|-
|1150
|John Ke Shoes
|-
|1151
|Trekker In Danger
|-
|1152
|Motu Patlu Ki Driving School
|-
|1153
|Motu Bana Mor
|-
|1154
|The Mysterious Island
|-
|1155
|John Ki Mausi Return
|-
|1156
|Motu The Jungle Boy
|-
|1157
|John The Fear Man
|-
|1158
|Dr Jhatka Ki Cycle
|-
|1159
|Businessman Kidnapped
|-
|1160
|Race Down The Hill
|-
|1161
|Motu Ki Taarif
|-
|1162
|The Chocolate Factory
|-
|1163
|Sawaal Tumhara Jawaad Hamara
|-
|1164
|Motu The Postman
|-
|1165
|Motu's Strange Friend
|-
|1166
|Body Change Alien
|-
|1167
|Spider Ka Badla
|-
|1168
|Micky Ka Promotional Shoot
|-
|1169
|Mickey Kidnapped
|-
|1170
|The Fancy Dress Competition
|-
|1171
|The Magical Sage
|-
|1172
|Dr Jhatka Ka Eye Clinic
|-
|1173
|Shapeshifting Alien
|-
|1174
|Motu Ka Gyan
|-
|1175
|Motu Patlu The Ticket Collector
|-
|1176
|Chingum Bana Thief
|-
|1177
|John Ka Ball Attack
|-
|1178
|Motu Bana Chuha
|-
|1179
|John The Principal
|-
|1180
|Motu Patlu School Get Together
|-
|1181
|Boxer Ka Gym
|-
|1182
|The Magical Water
|-
|1183
|John The Frog Rider
|-
|1184
|John Johnny Jonathan
|-
|1185
|Motu Ka Alien Fan
|-
|1186
|Motu Patlu The Mermaid
|-
|1187
|Motu The Destroyer
|-
|1188
|Picnic Mein Dhamaal
|-
|1189
|Furfuri Nagar Annual Competition
|-
|1190
|Motu Patlu The Ghost Hunter
|-
|1191
|Samurai Challenge
|-
|1192
|Night In Palace
|-
|1193
|Terror Of Jwala Singh
|-
|1194
|Electronic Hoardings
|-
|1195
|John The Electroman
|-
|1196
|John Ki Zombiestick
|}

=== Season 15 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|1197
|Jadu Ki Potli
|-
|1198
|Motu John Ki Jodi
|-
|1199
|The Bull Ghost
|-
|1200
|Healthy Furfuri Nagar
|-
|1201
|Games Of Tribe
|-
|1202
|Motu The Mango Man
|-
|1203
|Movers And Packers
|-
|1204
|John Ka Business
|-
|1205
|Motu Patlu Kung Fu school
|-
|1206
|Motu Patlu vs Kung Fu master Cobra
|-
|1207
|Kung Fu student Chingum
|-
|1208
|Motu Ki Samosa power
|-
|1209
|Micky in kung fu school
|-
|1210
|Kung fu fighter Ghasitaram
|-
|1211
|Kung Fu vs Science
|-
|1212
|Motu ki sleeping Kung Fu
|-
|1213
|The secret of Kung Fu dress
|-
|1214
|Kung Fu in the mall
|-
|1215
|Motu Patlu vs evil Vamparina
|-
|1216
|Boxing vs Kung Fu
|-
|1217
|Motu Patlu vs Sumo King Bandora
|-
|1218
|Kung Fu fever in the town
|-
|1219
|Motu Patlu & The Naughty Prince - Part 1
|-
|1220
|Motu Patlu & The Naughty Prince - Part 2
|-
|1221
|Motu Patlu & The Naughty Prince - Part 3
|-
|1222
|Motu Patlu & The Naughty Prince - Part 4
|-
|1223
|Dr Jhatka Ka kung-fu
|-
|1224
|The puppet kung-fu fighter
|-
|1225
|Ding bang the time stopper
|-
|1226
|Chameleon kung-fu fighter
|-
|1227
|Kung-fu student of the year
|-
|1228
|Tony, the twister
|-
|1229
|Kung-fu in museum
|-
|1230
|Motu-Patlu dragon hunter
|-
|1231
|The kung-fu ghost
|-
|1232
|Motu-Patlu Ka kung-fu Imtehan
|-
|1233
|Motu Patlu the police inspector
|-
|1234
|Tornado In Town
|-
|1235
|Game Of John
|-
|1236
|Motu Patlu In Devil's Peak
|-
|1237
|Mrs Parrot Kidnapped
|-
|1238
|The Case Of Chingum Arrest
|-
|1239
|The Case Of Ghost Thief
|-
|1240
|The Case Of Fake Painting
|-
|1241
|The Case Of Haunted School
|-
|1242
|The Case Of Secret Code
|-
|1243
|The Thief Statues
|-
|1244
|The Case Of Bottle In River
|-
|1245
|The Case Of Lost Civilization
|-
|1246
|The Lost Mummy
|-
|1247
|Motu Patlu & The Case Of Project X - Part 1
|-
|1248
|Motu Patlu & The Case Of Project X - Part 2
|-
|1249
|Motu Patlu & The Case Of Project X - Part 3
|-
|1250
|Motu Patlu & The Case Of Project X - Part 4
|-
|1251
|The Case Of Stolen Guitar
|-
|1252
|The Case Of Super Hero Suit
|-
|1253
|The Case Of Futuristic Thief
|-
|1254
|The Case Of Missing Scientist
|-
|1255
|The Case Of Stolen Diwali Lights
|-
|1256
|The Case Of Spider Thief
|-
|1257
|The Case Of Leaf Thief
|-
|1258
|The Case Of John's Detective Agency
|-
|1259
|The Case Of Web Blackmailer
|-
|1260
|The Case Of Fake Currency
|-
|1261
|The Case Of Missing Jhatka
|-
|1262
|The Case Of Hypnotist Criminal
|-
|1263
|The Case Of Train Robbery
|-
|1264
|The Case Of London Eye
|}

=== Season 16 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Episode No.
!Title
|-
|1265
|Boxer Ki Kung Fu Training
|-
|1266
|Kung Fu Dadaji
|-
|1267
|Motu Patlu Vs Ghost House - Part 1
|-
|1268
|Motu Patlu Vs Ghost House - Part 2
|-
|1269
|Motu Patlu Vs Ghost House - Part 3
|-
|1270
|Motu Patlu Vs Ghost House - Part 4
|-
|1271
|Samurai Warrior From Future
|-
|1272
|The Statue Of Protector
|-
|1273
|The Return Of Vamperina
|-
|1274
|King Fu Hathkadi
|-
|1275
|Gorilla Kung Fu Master
|-
|1276
|Motu Patlu Vs Kung Chai Fu
|-
|1277
|Motu Patlu Vs Kung Fu Donkey
|-
|1278
|Motu Patlu Vs Leopard Chang
|-
|1279
|The Revenge Of Kung Fu King Cobra
|-
|1280
|Kung Fu In Hong Kong
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Motu Patlu episodes}}
[[Category:Motu Patlu]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian television series episodes]]
[[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes]]

Karad North Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T21:30:02Z

Svetloxf: Adding some pg nd citations!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Karad North
| constituency_no = 259
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 259-Karad North.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Satara Lok Sabha constituency|Satara]]
| district = [[Satara district|Satara]]
| established = 1951 (independent India)
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Manoj Ghorpade]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| incumbent_image =
| alliance =
| electors =308,438
}}
'''Karad North Assembly constituency''' of [[Maharashtra]] [[Vidhan Sabha]] is one of the constituencies located in [[Satara district]].

It is a part of the [[Satara (Lok Sabha constituency)]], along with five other assembly constituencies, viz [[Wai Assembly constituency|Wai]], [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South]], [[Koregaon Assembly constituency|Koregaon]], [[Satara Assembly constituency|Satara]] and [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan]] from the [[Satara district]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation Of Parliamentary And Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="3" | [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Y. B. Patail
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Kotwal Baburao Ramchandra
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Keshavrao Patloji Pawar || {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Pandurang Dadasaheb Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | Ashtekar Shyam Alias Janardan Balkrishna || {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Pandurang Dadasaheb Patil || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan="5" | [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Manoj Ghorpade]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Karad North">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Karad North |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13259.htm |access-date=21 January 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121063536/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13259.htm |archive-date=21 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="Karad North Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Karad North Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/karad-north |access-date=21 January 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121063547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/karad-north |archive-date=21 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Manoj Ghorpade]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 134,626 |percentage = 58.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 90,935 |percentage = 39.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somnath Ramesh Chavan |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 1,697 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 959 |percentage = 0.42% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 43,691 |percentage = 18.97% |change = {{decrease}}5.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 231,281 |percentage = 74.98% |change = {{increase}}6.97 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 230,322}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 308,438 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}7.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 100,509 |percentage = 50.72% |change = {{increase}}9.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Manoj Ghorpade]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 51,294 |percentage = 25.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhairyashil Dnyandeo Kadam |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 39,791 |percentage = 20.08% |change = {{increase}}17.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash Baburao Pisal |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 3,983 |percentage = 2.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagannath Laxman Waghamare |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,827 |percentage = 0.92% |change = {{increase}}0.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,280 |percentage = 0.65% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 49,215 |percentage = 24.84% |change = {{increase}}14.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 200,259 |percentage = 68.01% |change = {{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 198,167}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 294,470 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.05 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}9.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 78,324 |percentage = 41.35% |change = {{increase}}7.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadam Dhairyashil Dnyandeo |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 57,817 |percentage = 30.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ghorpade Manoj Bhimrao |party = Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 43,903 |percentage = 23.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narendra Mohanrao Patil |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 5,657 |percentage = 2.99% |change = {{decrease}}2.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raju Shankar Kenjale |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,091 |percentage = 1.10% |change = {{increase}}0.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,056 |percentage = 0.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,507 |percentage = 10.83% |change = {{decrease}}12.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 190,551 |percentage = 68.63% |change = {{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 189,410}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 277,663 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.81 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}15.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 101,658 |percentage = 57.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atul Suresh Bhosale |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 60,571 |percentage = 34.04% |change = {{decrease}}13.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vasudeo Hanmant Mane |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 10,082 |percentage = 5.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Balaso Pandurang |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,884 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Vilas Babu |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,362 |percentage = 0.77% |change = {{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashokrao Ganapatrao Chavan |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,173 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 41,087 |percentage = 23.09% |change = {{increase}}20.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 178,315 |percentage = 69.88% |change = {{decrease}}0.15 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 177,962}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 255,179 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}9.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 71,541 |percentage = 47.94% |change = {{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arun Sopanrao Jadhav |party = Independent politician |votes = 67,920 |percentage = 45.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pradip Ashokrao Salunkhe(kiwalkar) |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,438 |percentage = 2.97% |change = {{decrease}}4.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Ravindra Keshavrao Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,516 |percentage = 2.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhosale Ashok Anna |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,133 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,621 |percentage = 2.43% |change = {{decrease}}11.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 149,535 |percentage = 70.03% |change = {{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 149,218}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 213,528 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 59,427 |percentage = 47.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anandarao Raghoji Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,322 |percentage = 33.96% |change = {{decrease}}4.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prof. Bhingardeve Jijaba Tukaram (Abba) |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,919 |percentage = 7.96% |change = {{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Ashok Yashwant |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,009 |percentage = 7.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Ravindra Keshavrao Pawar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 3,952 |percentage = 3.17% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,105 |percentage = 13.72% |change = {{increase}}3.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 129,361 |percentage = 70.10% |change = {{decrease}}6.65 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 124,629}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 184,540 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.57 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}1.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pandurang Dadasaheb Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 67,467 |percentage = 48.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Anandrao Raghoji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 52,779 |percentage = 38.12% |change = {{decrease}}13.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajabhav Deshpande |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,001 |percentage = 7.95% |change = {{increase}}3.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kachhi Unus Ahmed |party = Janata Dal |votes = 1,422 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhosale Ashok Anna |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,289 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hulwan Gajanan Pandurang |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 989 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kavale Ramchandra Bhau |party = Samajwadi Janata Party (Maharashtra) |votes = 939 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Indubai Kakasaheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 929 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,688 |percentage = 10.61% |change = {{decrease}}16.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 140,821 |percentage = 76.75% |change = {{increase}}10.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 138,445}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,487 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.55 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ashtekar Shyam Alias Janardan Balkrishna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 58,243 |percentage = 51.79% |change = {{increase}}6.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babasaheb Chorekar |party = Independent politician |votes = 28,014 |percentage = 24.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kotwal Baburao Ramchandra |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,968 |percentage = 8.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Ravindra Keshavrao |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 8,798 |percentage = 7.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhausaheb Surywanshi |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,677 |percentage = 4.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhingardeve Jijaba Tukaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,875 |percentage = 1.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 30,229 |percentage = 26.88% |change = {{increase}}18.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,808 |percentage = 66.09% |change = {{decrease}}4.18 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 112,452}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,209 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing = {{decrease}}1.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ashtekar Shyam Alias Janardan Balkrishna |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 48,134 |percentage = 53.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandurang Dadasaheb Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,978 |percentage = 45.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gokhale Bhiku Ramchandra |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 958 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,156 |percentage = 7.94% |change = {{decrease}}23.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,348 |percentage = 70.27% |change = {{increase}}4.39 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,070}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,004 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.92 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (U) |swing = {{decrease}}1.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pandurang Dadasaheb Patil |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 41,650 |percentage = 54.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lad Jaysing Baburao |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 17,707 |percentage = 23.34% |change = {{increase}}11.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshavrao Patloji Pawar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 12,854 |percentage = 16.94% |change = {{decrease}}29.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Annaji Govind |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,295 |percentage = 4.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,943 |percentage = 31.56% |change = {{increase}}20.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,218 |percentage = 65.88% |change = {{decrease}}5.71 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 75,862}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 117,205 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.01 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (U) |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing = {{increase}}8.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Keshavrao Patloji Pawar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 35,141 |percentage = 46.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kotwal Baburao Ramchandra |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,843 |percentage = 35.54% |change = {{decrease}}41.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Salunkhe Bhikoba Appaji |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 9,180 |percentage = 12.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Raghunath Govind |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,989 |percentage = 2.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mulla Badashaha Alli |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,472 |percentage = 1.95% |change = {{decrease}}9.58 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,298 |percentage = 10.99% |change = {{decrease}}54.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,978 |percentage = 71.59% |change = {{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 75,526}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 107,521 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.31 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}30.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kotwal Baburao Ramchandra |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,094 |percentage = 77.50% |change = {{increase}}18.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. M. Patil |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 7,899 |percentage = 11.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veer Hanamant Ramchandra |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,737 |percentage = 4.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchandra L. Panaskar |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,735 |percentage = 3.99% |change = {{decrease}}1.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kakashev R. Thorat |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,040 |percentage = 2.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 45,195 |percentage = 65.97% |change = {{increase}}37.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,206 |percentage = 72.02% |change = {{decrease}}5.43 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,505}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,476 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}18.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Y. B. Patail |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,285 |percentage = 59.12% |change = {{decrease}}12.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. G. Pawar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 18,196 |percentage = 30.49% |change = {{increase}}3.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. V. Deshpande |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,283 |percentage = 5.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. V. Jagtap |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,924 |percentage = 4.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,089 |percentage = 28.63% |change = {{decrease}}16.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,687 |percentage = 77.45% |change = {{decrease}}4.57 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,688}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,940 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,713 |percentage = 71.69% |change = {{increase}}20.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshav Pataloji Pawar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 15,231 |percentage = 26.82% |change = {{decrease}}21.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahamud Abdul Awte |party = Independent politician |votes = 697 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,482 |percentage = 44.87% |change = {{increase}}41.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,499 |percentage = 82.02% |change = {{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,793}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,321 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}20.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,297 |percentage = 51.66% |change = {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshavrao Patloji Pawar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 23,671 |percentage = 48.34% |change = {{decrease}}1.33 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,626 |percentage = 3.32% |change = {{increase}}2.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,968 |percentage = 83.27% |change = {{increase}}16.19 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,968}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,803 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Karad North <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,773 |percentage = 50.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Keshavrao Patloji Pawar |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 15,565 |percentage = 49.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 208 |percentage = 0.66% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,338 |percentage = 67.08% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,338}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,718 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Karad]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Satara district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|17.31|74.20|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karad North (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Karad]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Satara district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]

Amit

2026-05-06T18:22:57Z

Svetloxf: Creating the details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Male given name of Indian or Hebrew origin}}
{{For|the beast of the underworld in Egyptian mythology|Ammit}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox given name2
| name = Amit
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| pronunciation = Amit
| gender = [[Male]] [[Female]]
| meaning = Limitless, friend
| language = [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hebrew]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Puyuma language|Puyuma]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| shortform =
| variant =
| seealso =
| name day =
| derivation =
}}
'''Amit''' is a [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Jews|Jewish]] given name and a Jewish surname.

In [[Hindi]], Amit ({{langx|hi|अमित}}, means "infinite" or "boundless", {{langx|bn|অমিত}}) originates from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''{{IAST|amita}}'' (अमित:),<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.asien.net/indien/sanskrit/|title=Sanskrit meaning of Amit is - kalki ++ Einführung in die heilige Sprache Indiens|website=www.asien.net}}</ref> ''{{IAST|amita}}'' (अमित:) essentially is the negation of ''{{IAST|mita}}'' (मित), which means "to measure".<ref name="auto"/>

In [[Hebrew]], Amit ({{langx|he|עמית}}) means "friend", "colleague", ״peer”, or "member of the organization".<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://milog.co.il/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA|access-date=3 May 2023|website=milog.co.il|language=he|title=התקבלו 6 פירושים במילון לעמית}}</ref> Though traditionally a common male name, it is being increasingly used as a female name in Israel. It is among the most popular names given to [[Judaism|Jewish]] boys in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/55/ART2/168/082.html|title=למען השם: מהם השמות הכי פופולריים לילדים בישראל|language=he}}{{dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imaclub.co.il/index.php?dir=site&page=content&cs=719|title=בחירת שם לתינוק , שמות לילדים , שמות לתינוקות לפי הקבלה , שמות לבנים|author=Simply-Smart}}{{dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref>

{{tocright}}
==Given name==
* [[Amit Behl]] (born 1955), Indian television actor
* [[Amit Singh Bakshi]] (1925–2024), Indian hockey player
* [[Amit Bhadana]] (born 1994), Indian comedy YouTuber
* [[Amit Sharma (disambiguation)]], multiple people
* [[Amit Chaudhuri]] (born 1962), Indian novelist, poet, essayist, literary critic, editor, singer and music composer
* [[Amit Kumar Dahiya]] (born 1993), Indian wrestler, 2020 Olympic Silver Medalist
* [[Amit Deshmukh]] (born 1976), Indian politician and minister in state Government of Maharashtra
* [[Amit Elor]] (born 2004), American freestyle wrestler, 2024 Olympic champion and 8x world champion
* [[Amit Farkash]] (born 1976), Canadian-born Israeli actress and singer
* [[Amit Gershon]] (born 1995), Israeli basketball player
* [[Amit Inbar]] (born 1972), Israeli Olympic competitive windsurfer, and kitesurfer
* [[Amit Ivry]] (born 1989), Israeli Olympic swimmer and national record holder
* [[Amit Kilam]], drummer of Indian Ocean, a contemporary Indian fusion music band
* [[Amit Kulilay]] (born 1972), birth name of Taiwanese singer A-mei
* [[Amit Kumar (disambiguation)]], several people
* [[Amit Lang]] (born 1970), Israeli judoka
* [[The Cinema Travellers|Amit Madheshiya]], Indian photographer and filmmaker
* [[Amit Mehta]] (born 1971), United States district judge
* [[Amit Mishra]] (born 1982), Indian cricketer
* [[Amit Mishra (singer)]] (born 1989), Indian singer and songwriter
* [[Amit Nimade]] (born 1976), Indian photographer
* [[Amit Patel]], Indian-American cardiac surgeon
* [[Amit Pathak]] (born 1972), Indian cricketer
* [[Amit Sebastian Paul]] (born 1983), member of the Swedish pop group A*Teens
* [[Amit Rai]], Indian film director
* [[Amit Saar]] (1978–2026), Israeli intelligence officer
* [[Amit Sadh]] (born 1979), Indian actor
* [[Amit Sana]] (born 1983), India singer who finished second in the 2005 Indian Idol contest
* [[Amit Shah]] (born 1964), Indian politician and the current minister of Home affairs, Government of India
* [[Amit Sharma (cricketer)]] (born 1966), Indian cricketer
* [[Amit Shukla]] (born 1985), Kenyan male cricketer
* [[Amit Ben Shushan]] (born 1985), Israeli football player
* [[Amit Simhon]] (born 1989), Israeli basketball player
* [[Amit Singh (cricketer)]] (born 1981), Indian cricketer
* [[Amit Singhal]] (born 1968), senior vice president and software engineer at Google
* [[Amit Tamir]] (born 1979), Israeli basketball player
* [[Amit Trivedi]] (born 1979), Indian film music director and singer
* [[Amith Thenuka Vidanagamage]] (born 1973), Sri Lankan politician
* [[Amit Yadav]] (born 1989), Indian cricketer
* [[Amit Singh (scientist)]], Indian microbiologist
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] (born 1942), Indian film actor, also known by his nickname Amit

==Surname==
*[[Iftach Ian Amit]], Israeli computer security professional
* [[Daniel Amit]] (1938–2007), Israeli physicist and pacifist
* [[Galila Ron-Feder Amit]] (born 1949), Israeli children's books author
* [[Meir Amit]] (1921–2009), Israeli politician and general
* [[Uri Amit]] (1934–2011), Israeli politician
* [[Yitzhak Amit]] (born 1958), judge on the Israeli Supreme Court

==See also==
* {{srt|Amit}}
* [[Ameet]]
* [[AMIT]], an American Jewish Zionist volunteer organization
* [[Amita]], feminine form

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{given name|type=both}}

[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
[[Category:Hebrew-language given names]]
[[Category:Hebrew-language surnames]]

Jaidayal Dalmia

2026-04-28T19:14:24Z

Svetloxf: Adding some pg first draft

{{short description|Indian businessperson}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

{{Blpsources|date=June 2025}}{{Infobox person
| name = Jaidayal Dalmia
| nationality =
| education =
| birth_date = 1904
| death_date = 1993
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Industrialists]]
}}

'''Jaidayal Dalmia''' (1904–1993)<ref name=a>{{cite book|title=Religion, Caste, and Politics in India By Christophe Jaffrelot|year=2010|page=234|isbn=9789380607047|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&q=jaidayal+dalmia+died&pg=PA234|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|publisher=Primus Books }}</ref> was born into Hindu Agarwal family and was one of the leading [[industrialists]] and [[Philanthropy|philanthropists]] of India. He was one of the co-founders of [[Dalmia Group]] and younger brother of [[Ramkrishna Dalmia]]<ref>.{{cite book|title=Who's who in India, Burma & Ceylon|year=1941|publisher=Who's Who Publishers (India) Limited|page=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFyE_jYD43EC&q=jaidayal+dalmia+born}}</ref><ref name=b>{{cite book|title=The Aggarwals: a socio-economic study by am Gupta|year=1975|publisher=S. Chand|pages=vii, 67|isbn=9780883867150|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rc0tAAAAMAAJ&q=jaidayal+dalmia+}}</ref>

==Early life==

Jaidayal Dalmia was born on 11 December 1904 in town of [[Chirawa]] in Rajasthan.

He started his early education in [[Calcutta]] and learned [[Bengali language|Bangla]]. Later on, after moving to Chirawa he studied till matriculation.

===Business===

He learned his business from his elder brother and played a major role in establishing Dalmia Industries and later founded Dalmia Cements in 1935,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dalmiacement.com/?act=cms-page&cat_id=1&id=4 |title=History That Dates Back To 1935 |publisher=Dalmia Cement |date= |accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref> which is now run by his sons and grandsons.<ref name=x>{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/barclayswealth/insights_gurumurthy.php?p=7& |title=Barclays Wealth |publisher=Moneycontrol.com |date= |accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=y>{{cite web |url=http://entrepreneurindia.in/people/coverstory/will-your-legacy-live-on/733/ |title=Will Your Legacy Live On? |publisher=Entrepreneurindia.in |date=16 January 2010 |accessdate=10 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028022018/http://entrepreneurindia.in/people/coverstory/will-your-legacy-live-on/733/ |archive-date=28 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the year 1932–33 Ramkrishna along with a businessman from [[Bihar]] Nirmalkumar Jain started a sugar mill, Jaidayal was appointed to look after the mill, with his keen interest and dedication he got the mill commissioned within short span of 1 year. Within a year one more sugar mill, Rohtas Industries Ltd was started near [[Dehri-on-sone]] at [[Dalmianagar]]. Jaidayal supported his elder brother in all his ventures and showed immense interest in the business. Later on, Dehri-on-sone was named .

In few years Ramkrishna and Jaidayal established six cement factories in, [[Dandot]], [[Kallakudi]], [[Rajgangpur]], [[Charkhi Dadri]] and one more factory at [[Karachi|Shantinagar, Karachi]]. Jaidayal played a major role in getting the machinery from Europe. He imported improved technology, which not only make his competitor's technology obsolete, he also forced Danish to reduce their price of exporting Wet Process Technology in India.

With wide interest in machinery, Jaidayal Dalmia played major role in technical functions of all the factories in Dalmianagar and other plants as well. Soon after establishing the Rajgangpur factory called Orissa Cements. Jaidayal later started fire bricks refractory in [[Rourkela]] in the year 1954.

Ramkrishna Dalmia ventured in banking sector and started [[Bharat Bank]] with branches at many places in India. He also entered in Aviation business and acquired interests in [[Bharat Insurance Company]] and controlling interests in [[Punjab National Bank]]. In the automotive sphere, one company of the Group, Allen Berry & Co. Limited, purchased the entire lot of American surplus disposal vehicles, numbering about 50,000, after World War II. This company ran vast workshops in various parts of India till the 1950s when it was disbanded. Knowing that media played an extremely major part in the development of the nation, he acquired [[Times of India]] and started news paper in Hindi & Bengali as well. He purchased Govan Bros. and ventured in Chemicals too. At the time, the Dalmia companies together ranked third among India's major industrial groups after the Tatas and the Birlas.

Shortly after the independence, the Dalmia empire was divided among Ramkrishna Dalmia, Jaidayal Dalmia and [[Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain]], son-in-law of Ramkrishna. Dalmianagar and publishing co. [[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]] was handed over to Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain and Jaidayal Dalmia got the cement factories of Rajgangpur, Dalmiapuram and two factories of Pakistan. In the year 1964 both factories in Pakistan were sold off.

Jaidayal Dalmia was associated with many companies, worked as managing director of sugar, distillery and other factories. He was also the Technical Director of first ever cement factory in Uttar Pradesh established in Churk. He also held positions of chairman, director, Technical Director of public limited companies like, cement, sugar, distillery, paper, vanaspati ghee, refractories, ceramics, magnetite, financing, insurance and different industries.

===Family===

He was married to Krishna Devi and had seven sons and two daughters. The name of his sons are [[Vishnu Hari Dalmia]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Barque's Pakistan trade directory and who's who|year=1961|page=2058|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hmwfAQAAMAAJ&q=jaidayal+dalmia+born}}</ref> Nar Hari Dalmia, Mridu Hari Dalmia, Jai Hari Dalmia, Ajay Hari Dalmia, Yadu Hari Dalmia and Raghu Hari Dalmia, who inherited their stakes in Dalmia Group after his demise in 1993.<ref name=x/><ref name=y/> He had two daughters Uma Devi and Usha Devi.

===Philanthropy===

He was great philanthropist and from 1951 onwards established many trusts that run private hospitals, schools, widow houses, [[dharamshalas]], etc.<ref name=b/> He was vocal social reformist, who supported anti cow-slaughter movement<ref name=a/> and was deeply involved in construction of [[Kesava Deo Temple|Krishna Jamnabhoomi Kesava Deo Temple]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shri Krishna Janmasthan|url=http://shrikrishnajanmasthan.net/history.html|publisher=Shri Krishna Janmasthan Trust|accessdate=24 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904230906/http://shrikrishnajanmasthan.net/history.html|archive-date=4 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Extended financial help to victims of flood, drought, earthquake and riots. Gave scholarships to deserving and poor students. Also, helped in marriage of girls from financially weaker families.

His elder brother Ramkrishna Dalmia and Jaidyal Dalmia, they together founded many trusts of which some are noted like [[Ramkrishna Jaidayal Dalmia Shreevani Alankaran]] is an award given or excellence in Sanskrit language and literature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/Speech/SpeechDetails.asp?SpeechId=195 |title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha |publisher=Speakerloksabha.nic.in |date=18 January 2007 |accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Culturopedia.com |url=http://www.culturopedia.com/awards/awards_nongovernmental.html |title=Non-governmental Awards of India |publisher=Culturopedia.com |date= |accessdate=10 April 2013 |archive-date=26 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526063758/http://www.culturopedia.com/Awards/awards_nongovernmental.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Dalmia Trust Water Environment awards for outstanding works for water harvesting and environment conservation are given by another trust named Sri Ramkrishna Jaidayal Dalmia Sewa Sansthan founded by two brothers, which operated from their native village [[Chirawa]] in [[Jhunjhunu district]] of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newkerala.com/news/2011/worldnews-97594.html%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Mon,%2031%20Oct%202011%2016:23:19%20+0530%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20http://www.newkerala.com/news/2011/self-help/#.UDd69-x4pr4 |title=News # 100413-174753] |publisher=Newkerala.com |date= |accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref>

After announcing his retirement from his profession, he was Managing Trustee of ''Shri Krishna Janmsthan Sewa Sansthan, Mathura'' for two decades and helped in construction of temples. He also handled the publishing literature of the trust. He had interest in various religious and charitable trusts helping poor, handicapped, blind and needy.

===Author===

He was also the author of books like – ''Theology and Untouchability'' (Dharmshashtra aur Asprishyata) and ''A Review of beef in ancient India'' (Pracheen Bharat mein Gomaans – Ek samiksha) published in 1971.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wYaAAAAMAAJ&q=jaidayal+dalmia+born |title=A Review of beef in ancient India – Google Books |accessdate=10 April 2013|last1=Dalmia |first1=Jaidayal |year=1971 }}</ref> He was also involved in publishing and translation of many Bengali Vaishnav literature to Hindi.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalmia, Jaidayal}}
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the cement industry]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jhunjhunu district]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the sugar industry]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:Dalmia family]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]

Printing in Tamil language

2026-04-28T10:04:34Z

Svetloxf: adding new article!

{{Short description|none}}
{{more footnotes|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Luso Tamil Catechism Lisbon 1554.JPG|thumbnail|right| First Tamil book was printed in Lisbon on 1554 AD with Romanized Tamil script.]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Thambiran Vanakkam 1578.JPG
| width1 = 140
| alt1 =
| caption1 = ''Thambiran Vanakkam''
| image2 = Kirisithiyani Vanakkam Cochin 1579.JPG
| width2 = 140
| alt2 =
| caption2 = ''Kirisithiyaani Vanakkam''
| footer =
}}

The introduction and early development of [[printing]] in [[South India]] is attributed to [[missionary]] propaganda and the endeavours of the [[British East India Company]]. Among the pioneers in this arena, maximum attention is claimed by the [[Jesuit missionaries]], followed by the [[Protestant]] Fathers and Hindu [[Pandits]]. Once the immigrants realized the importance of the local language, they began to disseminate their religious teachings through that medium, in effect ushering in the vernacular print culture in India. The first [[Tamil language|Tamil]] booklet was printed in 1554 (11 February) in [[Lisbon]] - ''Cartilha em lingoa Tamul e Portugues'' in Romanized Tamil script by Vincente de Nazareth, Jorge Carvalho and Thoma da Cruz, all from the [[Paravar]] community of [[Tuticorin]]; making Tamil the first [[Languages of India|Indian language]] to be printed.

These developments took place at a time when other locations such as [[Madurai]] were still confined to the use of copper plates and stone inscriptions. This book was printed earlier than the first printed and dated books of Russia (1563), Africa (1624) and Greece (1821).<ref>''[http://karkanirka.wordpress.com/2010/04/14/first_tamil_book/ Karka...Nirka...]'' Blog on Tamil Literature</ref>

== Henriques and the sixteenth century ==
[[File:DOCTRINA CHRISTAM IMAGE.jpg|thumbnail|right| Doctrina Christam - Kirisithiyaani Vanakkam.1579 AD]]
The appearance of Tamil in print, both in Roman transliteration and in its native script was the result of the convergence between [[Colonialism|colonial]] expansion and local politics, coupled with the beginnings of the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] 'Madurai Mission' led, among others, by a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] Jesuit [[Catholic Priest|priest]], [[Henrique Henriques]] who arrived on the Fishery Coast ([[Tuticorin]]) in 1547. During his stay Henriques produced five different books in the Tamil script and language, printed at various [[Jesuit]] settlements on the west coast. He also compiled a Tamil Grammar and a Tamil Dictionary, which, though never printed, were widely used by other Europeans. Graham Shaw speaks of Henriques as, "the first great European Scholar of any Indian language" ([[Stuart Blackburn]]).

Around 1575 Henriques was relieved of his [[Christian missionary|missionary]] duties on the east coast and moved to [[Goa]] where he began to prepare his texts. Henriques was there assisted by Father Pedro Luis, a local Brahman [[Religious conversion|convert]], who entered the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit order]] in 1562. The stage was finally set when Tamil types were cast in Goa by João Gonçalves (perfected by Father João de Faria in [[Kollam]]), with the assistance of Luis.

In 1577 the first of the Henriques’ five books, ''[[Thambiran Vanakkam|Doctrina Christam en Lingua Malauar Tamul (Thambiran Vanakkam)]]'' was printed in Goa. The book was the first book printed with Indian type. Although some scholars refuse to consider this as a historical fact, Graham Shaw seems convinced that it was printed. The second printed Tamil book was only 16 pages long, but a third Catechism of 127 pages, a Tamil translation of the popular Portuguese text by Marcos Jorge, was printed again with new type in [[Cochin]] on November 14, 1579. Three [[Catechism]]s were printed with three sets of type, at three different locations on the west coast over the following three years. Henriques’ two other books printed at [[Punnaikayal]] were:

# A Confessionary (''Confessionairo'') 1580 (214 pages)
# Lives of Saints (''[[Flos Sanctorum]]''), 1586 (669 pages)

== Roberto De Nobili and the seventeenth century ==
In the 17th century, Tamil books were printed at [[Ambalakad]] with type made in Rome. Only five in number and printed within a space of two years, these books might be called the second phase of Tamil printing. There were five books but only two texts. The first was [[Roberto De Nobili]]’s [[Catechism]], ''Nanopatecam'', printed posthumously in three volumes: Volume 1 in 1677 followed by Volumes 2 and 3 in 1678. The second text was Antem De Proenca’s ''Tamil-Portuguese Dictionary'' of 1679.

Unlike Henriques, [[Roberto de Nobili]] did not translate a Portuguese text into Tamil, instead he wrote his own manual, so that he might emphasize the hidden truths of the new faith.

== Ziegenbalg and printing in Tranquebar ==
[[Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg]] was the pioneer in the setup of a [[printing press]] at Madras. In South India the printing press had been established as early as 1578, but printing activities came to an end owing to a gradual decline in the religious zeal of successive generations of missionaries. Tamil printing stopped after 1612, as the numerous writings of Nobili and Manoel Martin lay unpublished in 1649 and 1660. There were some attempts to revive printing, but they proved short-lived. For instance, there is a reference to a Latin–Tamil grammar by Father Beschi, a Sanskrit scholar, having been printed at Ziegenbalg’s press.

Ziegenbalg explained in a number of letters that the books prepared in the Malabar language, to help in the propagation of the [[Christianity|Christian]] faith, were initially written in Portuguese and then translated into the “Malabarick Language” with the help of Indian assistants. In the absence of a printing press the books that had been prepared up until then had to be transcribed by hand. This proved to be a slow, laborious and expensive process. With the objective of facilitating a wider and faster dissemination of Christian literature, Ziegenbalg in his letter of August 22, 1708, put forth a demand for a “Malabarick and Portuguese printing press”.<ref>A.K. Priolkar</ref> In the meantime, Ziegenbalg devoted considerable attention to collecting [[manuscripts]] of Indian literature, as this would help him to understand the old beliefs of the Hindus which he proposed to refute.

In a letter written in 1708, Ziegenbalg speaks of 26 [[sermons]] delivered by him at the church of [[Tranquebar]] and two vocabularies of Malabar language prepared by him. The first consisted of 26,000 words in common use, and had three columns, the first giving the word in Malabar characters, the second its [[transliteration]] and the third its meaning in [[German language|German]]. The second contained words used in poetry. For this work Ziegenbalg was assisted by Indian scholars and poets who remained at his house for four months.

Ziegenbalg was keenly aware that to attain his object he needed a printing press. He made repeated demands for a press in his letters of April–June 1709. The [[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]], set up in the 1690s, came forward to help under the recommendation of the Rev. A. W. Boehme (the German chaplain to [[Prince George of Denmark]]). In 1711 the society sent the mission some copies of the Bible in Portuguese as well as a printing press with [[pica types]] and other accessories along with a printer to operate it. The ship was held up by the French near [[Brazil]], and the printer Jones Finck was arrested but later released. Finck soon succumbed to fever near the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. The printing press reached India in 1712 unaccompanied by its operator. The press, however, started functioning with the help of a German printer–cum–compositor.

Malabar characters were obtained from Europe. A letter dated April 7, 1713, contains a list of 32 books in the Malabar language, original works as well as translations, and 22 books in Portuguese prepared by the missionaries. It is stated that the books in the Malabar language included a vocabulary written on paper and another written on [[palm leaves]].

According to a letter of January 3, 1714, the work of printing the [[New Testament]] in Tamil had already begun. Another letter of September 27, 1714, states that, "The [[Four Evangelists]] and Acts of the [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostles]]" was already printed. Reportedly, this is the oldest Tamil book printed at Tranquebar, a copy of which is available at the [[Serampore]] College Library. From 1715 onwards with the completion of the New Testament, printing activity in Tamil commenced in full swing. In 1715 Ziegenbalg wrote a concise grammar of the Malabar language for use by Europeans and had it printed by 1716. A copy of this book also exists at the Serampore College Library.
Ziegenbalg and his collaborators aimed at spreading their printed work all over India. Consequently, their marketing strategies cajoled them to produce [[almanacs]] which were quite scarce in the country. A ''Sheet Almanac'' was printed and sold on the coast of [[Coromandel Coast|Coromandel]] as well as in Malabar and Bengal.

== Constanzo G. Beschi ==
[[File:Tamil bible Printed 1715.jpg|thumb|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Bible]] Printed in 1715 at [[Tharangambadi]]]]
Parallel to printing efforts by the Protestant missionaries at [[Tranquebar]] or Tarangampãdi, the growth of the Jesuit missionary [[Constanzo Beschi]] (Viramãmunivar; Constantine Joseph Beschi 1680–1747) was equally significant in revolutionizing the face of Tamil print and literature. The difference in the Christian beliefs of the respective cults gave rise to rigorous disputes and theological debates, which on many occasions even led to violent conflicts resulting in injuries and death. These disputes were carried on by the Lutherans through "printed books and pamphlets",<ref>Stuart Blackburn (2006), Page 45</ref> whereas Beschi (due to lack of a Jesuit-owned printing press) mainly concentrated on writing influential pieces of literature. Although printing in Tamil was introduced by the Jesuits, by the eighteenth century the scenario had changed and the domain of the press came to be majority controlled and cultivated by the Protestants. Beschi's efforts in a place populated with thousands of [[Lutheran]] converts (mainly [[Tanjore]] and [[Travancore]]), grew to become an "alarming", "arrogant" and "formidable" rival to the already sprawling missionary activities of the Protestant fathers. One particular reason for Beschi's popularity was, as Blackburn observes, his "Romanish compromises with local customs". In the books of Muttusami Pillai (Beschi's Tamil biographer), he is frequently portrayed as a traditional Eastern or [[Oriental]] king, adorned with ornate jewellery and chandan on his forehead.<ref>Stuart Blackburn (2006), Page 48</ref> Beschi was reportedly favoured by the local rulers, especially Chanda Sahib whom he had served diwan to, thereby making it easier for him to master the language. He was intelligent enough to adopt such means which would undoubtedly benefit him in ways more than one.

Contrary to this image, Beschi has also been examined as a magical Indian "poet-saint" with extraordinary literary skills and persuasion prowess. Beschi's written works constituted the substructure of modern Tamil literary acculturation. According to sources, Beschi wrote more than twenty books :– dictionaries, [[epic poetry]], prose collections, grammar, folklore. His major prose essay was ''Veta Vilakkam'' which ran to 250 pages. The first [[bilingual]] Tamil grammar printed in India is also credited to Beschi. He composed various interlingual dictionaries: ''Tamil-Latin'', ''Latin-Tamil-Portuguese'', and ''Tamil-French'' and most importantly the four-way [[lexicon]] ''Tamil-Tamil'' ''Catur-Agarati'' which comprised meanings, synonyms, rhymes, etc.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123132/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article226490.ece A. Raman]</ref> This book was not printed before 1824. Although it cannot be assumed that his works were well accepted and appreciated by the Protestants, as Blackburn comments, the rival camp unbiasedly “admired Beschi’s literary skills - they printed one of his grammars and another of his books (''Vetiyar Olukkam'', A Manual for Catechists) became standard reading for them by the nineteenth century…”.<ref>Stuart Blackburn (2006), Page 49</ref> Beschi's ''Parramarta Kuruvin Kattai'' or ''Guru Simpleton'' was the first printed book of Tamil [[Folklore|folktale]].

=== Guru Simpleton ===

Beschi's ''Guru Simpleton'' (which occupies a status similar to The Arabian Nights or The Panchatantra in Tamil culture) is a blend of the oral tradition of Tamil folklore and the European story form, wrapped in the author's imaginative faculty. Although Beschi had completed its composition (along with a preface) by 1776, the book was not published singularly until 1822 in London. Records show that Beschi wrote the Tamil version first and later translated it into Latin. Although Beschi claimed that the sole purpose of the book was to disseminate amusement and humour among both locals and missionaries, Blackburn mentions that the author was most probably yearning for something more than that – “this was a plea for a Jesuit patron, somewhere outside India, to underwrite the publication of his dictionary and folktale”,<ref>Stuart Blackburn (2006), Page 66</ref> as print was a more reliable medium to “demonstrate correct spelling” than local [[scribes]] and copyists.

== Printed oral tales in Tamil ==
In the history of print in early nineteenth-century India there were an enormous number of books of [[oral literature]], especially folktales published. Between 1800 and 1835 most printed books in Tamil(dictionaries and grammars aside) were collections of oral tales. Well known literary texts, such as ''Tirrukkural'' and ''Nalatiyar'', also appeared in print, but these classical texts were outnumbered by books of oral tales.<ref>Stuart Blackburn (2004), Page 122</ref> The first of these was ''Vikkiramatittan'' ''Katai'', a collection of folktales in the framework of a literary tale which appeared in 1804, followed by the ''Catamuka Ravanan Katai'' in 1808; the ''Mariyatai Raman Katai'' and ''Tamilariyum Mantai Katai'' in 1812; the ''Pururava Cakravarti Katai'' in 1819; the ''Katamantacari'', a collection of oral tales in 1820; the Tamil – English bilingual publication of ''Paramartta Kuruvin Katai'' (''Guru Simpleton'') in 1822 (in London); a Tamil ''Pancatantra'' in 1826; the ''Katacintamani'', another collection of oral tales, in 1833; and translations of tales from English, French and [[Aesop]] by the 1850s. Some of these books are still available today.

== Printing by Pundits ==
A number of early Tamil print publishing houses were set up by the pundits in the 1830s in Madras. These establishments played a significant role in the consolidation of the commercial printing world. They were also involved in public–politics, the anti–missionary movement in Georgetown, for instance. Pundits who were educated at the College Fort of St George and some who were not, used the text-making skills they learned from the Europeans in setting up of their own presses at Madras.

The rise of the pundit - presses saw growth during the 1830s with Kalvi Vilakkam, the joint venture of Charavanaperumal Aiyar and Vichakaperumal Aiyar in 1834. The press functioned till the 1850s producing more than 50 books. This was followed by the Sarasvati Press (1835) of Tiruvenkatachala Mutaliar, and Kalvi Kalanchiyam set up in 1839 by Umapati Mutaliar and his three brothers.<ref>Rimi B. Chaterjee</ref> These presses quickly became associated with movements in deflecting the missionaries as they started voicing the sentiments of certain sections of the Hindu community.

== Arumuka Navalar ==

[[Arumuka Navalar]] spearheaded the Saivism cult both in [[Sri Lanka]] and in Tamil Nadu. He was the guardian of pure and pristine Saiva tradition. He established a number of schools for Tamil and Saivism and printing presses at [[Jaffna]], [[Chidambaram]] and [[Madras]]. He was the most fluent Tamil speaker and writer of his generation. At the age of 27, Arumugam was conferred the title of “Navalar”, the eloquent.

In the context of printing, Arumuka Navalar or Arumuga Navalar was an editor of old Tamil texts. Among his editions the most important are Mantalapurutar's lexicon ''cutamani nikantu'' with commentary (first printed in 1849), the standard medieval grammar ''[[Nannūl]]'' with a commentary (1851), the early devotional poem ''[[Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai]]'', [[Manikkavacakar]]’s great devotional poems ''[[Tiruvacakam]]'' and ''tirukkovaiyar'', the text of ''[[Tirukkuṛaḷ]]'' with [[Parimelazhagar]]’s detailed gloss in 1861.<ref>Stuart Blackburn(2006). Page 125</ref>

Arumuga Navalar apparently introduced few novel features in the area of Tamil editing. He was probably the first to use punctuation marks like the semicolon, the question mark and the exclamation mark. He produced the first “split” complex sandhi forms to facilitate reading and comprehension.

== Madras School Book Society ==

The [[Calcutta School-Book Society]] was established under the patronage of the [[Marquis of Hastings]] in 1817. Soon after a similar society was set up in Madras. The association in South India soon languished, and for many years it virtually ceased to exist. It was revived around 1850, when prizes were offered for the best school book on specified subjects. Several new publications were thus secured of which, The History of India by H. Morris Esq., was very successful.

The publications of the Madras School Book Society being chiefly used in Government Schools such that religious sentiments were adapted accordingly. The committee of the Madras Tract Society issued some books with Christian elements intended specially for mission schools<ref>John Murdoch, 1865</ref> Classified catalogue of Tamil printed books, with introductory notices. Though reading books of the Madras School Book society were prepared with special reference to the government schools, the committee was not restricted to non–Christian publications. The Rev. A.R. Symonds suggested that the society should make an effort to provide wholesome and attractive literature. Prizes were also offered for the best translation of [[Robinson Crusoe]].

== Printing in Sri Lanka==
[[Sheikh Mustafa]] from Beruwala who published his work 'Mizan Malai' [[Arwi]] poem book in 1868.<ref>S.H.M. Jameel (1994). 'Suwadi Aatruppadai'</ref>

== Vepery Press ==
[[File:Katexizis.jpg|thumbnail|right|Catechism book printed in Pondicherry Mission Press. 1841 A.D]]
Madras was the foremost seat of printing among the “colonial metropolises”. The [[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]] (SPCK) was set up at Vepery (situated just outside Madras) in 1726 by Benjamin Schultz. This new venture (Vepery mission) was just an extension of the Tranquebar mission. Earlier in 1712, a printing press enabled with Tamil and Telugu typefaces was provided by the SPCK for publishing activities at Tranquebar, on repeated appeals by Ziegenbalg. This press mostly dealt with smaller publications like ''A General Description Of Malabar Heathendom'', ''Four Gospels And Acts'', and ''Accursed Heathendom'' which were usually antagonistic to Hindu beliefs and principles. It also printed the translated version of the New Testament in 1715. When the English army under Sir Eyre Coote attacked the French colony of Pondicherry in 1761 they seized the printing press from the governor's house along with its typefaces (which were a “prize catch” for them <ref>J.B. Prashant More, Page 80</ref>) and the printer, Delon and transferred it to Madras. Nonetheless [[Johann Phillip Fabricius]], a well-known Tamil scholar convinced Coote to hand over the press, only on agreement that the printing demands of [[Fort St. George]] would be given maximum importance. In 1762 itself, the SPCK press published a calendar and several Tamil books, “pre-dating the books printed in Calcutta and Bombay at least by a decade”.<ref>Stuart Blackburn(2006) Page 58</ref>

By 1766, Vepery got its own press supplemented with its own print equipment. Therefore, the presses confiscated from [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] were returned to Fort St George, which led to the establishment of the Government Press in Mount Road. The Vepery Press was renamed as the SPCK Press; [[Johann Philipp Fabricius]] being its managerial head, who composed and printed a Tamil book on Catechism (1766) with typefaces cut in Germany ([[Halle (Saale)|Halle]]). By the next decade typecases were produced by the SPCK Press itself and they lasted until the 1870s. Books printed included Fabricius's ''Translation of the New Testament'' (1772); his ''Dictionary of Tamil and English'', based on Ziegenbalg's ''Malabar English Dictionary''(1779) which came out 100 years after Antão da Proença's ''Tamil-Portuguese Dictionary'' of 1679; and ''Oru Paratecyin Punyacaritram'' (a translation of Bunyan's ''[[Pilgrims Progress]]'' (1793). This press was sold to the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]] (the American Board Mission or ABM) in Çintadaripet in the mid 19th century. When the ABM left India in 1886 the press was reacquired by the SPCK–Diocesan committee and renamed the Diocesan Press that still exists today, almost 250 years later, as the CLS Press.<ref>A. Raman</ref>

== Notes ==

{{Reflist}}

== References ==

*Stuart Blackburn (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2N046vzK824C&dq=19th+century+essays+blackburn&pg=PA310 "The Burden of Authenticity"],''India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century''
*Stuart Blackburn (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=y-BxrNKdwPMC&dq=beshchi+and+the+lutherans&pg=PA43 "Beschi and the Lutherans"], ''Print Folklore and Nationalism in Colonial South India'']
*A.K. Priolkar. ''The Printing Press in India''
*J.B. Prashant More (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=11FYACaVySoC&q=j.b.+prashant+more ''Muslim Identity, Print Culture and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil Nadu'']
*[[Rimi B. Chatterjee]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=I0MnAQAAIAAJ&q=rimi+b.+chatterjee+-+outlines+of+discipline "Outlines of a Discipline : Book History in India"] ''Paradise: new worlds of books and readers'' (2007)
*J. Murdoch. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YaY-AAAAcAAJ&dq=MADRAS+SCHOOL+BOOK+SOCIETY&pg=PA218 Classified Catalogue of Tamil Printed books, with introductory notes]'' (1865)

{{Tamil language}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Printing In Tamil Language}}
[[Category:Cultural history of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Printing in India]]
[[Category:History of printing]]
[[Category:Jesuit Asia missions]]
[[Category:Economy of Tamil Nadu]]

Santhwanam (TV series)

2026-04-27T17:17:13Z

Svetloxf: added new page - done

{{Short description|2020 TV series}}
{{For|the film|Santhwanam}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Santhwanam TV series.jpeg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Family drama]]
| creator = Priya Thambi
| developer = M. Renjith
| based_on = ''[[Pandian Stores]]'' ''[[Pandian Stores 2]]''
| writer = {{plainlist|
*'''Season 1'''
*[[J. Pallassery]] Apsara<ref name=.2>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/apsara-joins-santhwanam-as-writer-fans-say-we-need-more-of-shivanjali-moments/articleshow/105530639.cms|title=Apsara joins Santhwanam as writer, fans say ' We need more of Shivanjali moments'|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref>
*'''Season 2'''
*Krishna Poojappura
}}
| director = {{plainlist|
*'''Season 1'''
*Adithyan
*'''Season 2'''
*Anzar Khan (2024-2025)
*Dhanesh Ambika (2025-present)
}}
| voices = {{ubl|K. S. Siddharthan|[[Devi S.]]|Vineeth Viswanathan|Devayani|Shanker Lal|Parvathy S Prakash|Jesny Johny}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*'''Season 1'''
*[[Rajeev Parameshwar]]
*[[Chippy Renjith]]
*Girish Nambiar
*[[Raksha Raj]]
*Sajin TP
*[[Gopika Anil]]
*Achu Sugandh
*'''Season 2'''
*Krishnakumar Menon
*Lavanya Nair
*Girish Gangadharan
*Aiswarya Rajesh
*Bibin Benny
*Sai Lakshmi
*Deepan Murali
*[[Meghna Vincent]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = Saanand George
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 1600
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{plainlist|
*'''Season 1'''
*[[Chippy (actress)|Chippy Renjith]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-chippy-renjith-to-play-a-doting-sister-in-law-in-the-upcoming-show/articleshow/78216293.cms|title=Santhwanam: Chippy Renjith to play a doting sister-in-law in the upcoming show – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=20 September 2020 }}</ref>
*'''Season 2'''
* P Ramadevi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/miniscreen/serial-producer-ramadevi-talks-about-changes-she-has-brought-to-the-portrayal-of-women-in-serials-ss121a|title=പട്ടുസാരിയുടുത്ത് അടുക്കളജോലി ചെയ്യുന്ന സ്ത്രീകളെ എന്‍റെ സീരിയലുകളിൽ കാണില്ല: നിര്‍മ്മാതാവ് രമാദേവി|website=Asianet News|date=21 February 2025}}</ref>
}}
| editor = {{plainlist|
*'''Season 1'''
* Pradeep Bhagvath
*'''Season 2'''
* Pramod Nenmara
}}
| cinematography = Manoj Narayan Alex U. Thomas
| location = Trivandrum
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = {{plainlist|
*'''Season 1'''
* Rejaputra Visual Media
* Avanthika creations (banner)
*'''Season 2'''
* Green TV
}}
| network = {{plainlist|
* [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
* [[JioHotstar]] (India)
* [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|09|21|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| related = ''[[Pandian Stores]]'' ''[[Pandian Stores 2]]''
}}

'''''Santhwanam''''' ({{Translation|''Consolation''}}) is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[soap opera]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/santhwanam-serial-director-adithyan-solves-the-queries-of-his-serial-fans-goes-trending-081212.html|title=ആദ്യരാത്രി കഴിഞ്ഞതോടെ അഞ്ജലി ഗര്‍ഭിണിയാവുമോ? ശിവാഞ്ജലിമാരെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള കമന്റിന് മറുപടിയുമായി സംവിധായകന്‍ |work=Filmibeat|language=ml|date=2 May 2022|access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> The first season directed by Adithyan aired from 21 September 2020 to 27 January 2024 on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and airs on-demand through [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-1002-episodes-of-hearttouching-climax-fans-overwhelmed/articleshow/107204220.cms|title=Santhwanam concludes with 1002 episodes; the heart-touching climax leaves fans overwhelmed|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref> It is an official remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] soap opera ''[[Pandian Stores]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kudumbavilakku-to-mrs-hitler-heres-a-look-at-the-popular-originals-of-these-malayalam-shows/photostory/89432776.cms?picid=89432791|title=Kudumbavilakku to Mrs. Hitler: Here's a look at the popular originals of these Malayalam shows|work=The Times of India|date=8 February 2022|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> and the climax of the season is inspired from 1993 [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]] ''[[Vatsalyam]]''.<ref name=.9></ref> It stars [[Rajeev Parameshwar]], [[Chippy Renjith]], Girish Nambiar, [[Raksha Raj]], Sajin TP, [[Gopika Anil]], Achu Sugandh. The second season of the show, ''Santhwanam 2'' directed by Anzar Khan which is a remake of ''[[Pandian Stores 2]]'' premiered on 17 June 2024. It is a [[Stand-alone sequel|standalone sequel]] of ''Santhwanam''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=കേൾക്കാൻ കാത്തിരുന്ന ആ വാര്‍ത്ത പുറത്തുവന്നിരിക്കുന്നു, പ്രേക്ഷക പ്രതീക്ഷ തെറ്റിയില്ല; സാന്ത്വനം 2 ഉടന്‍ വരും!|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/santhwanam-serial-part-2-is-coming-soon/articleshow/109830153.cms|website=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref> It stars Krishnakumar Menon, Lavanya Nair, [[Roslin (Malayalam actress)|Roslin]] (later replaced by Devi Menon) in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.disneystar.com//newsroom/santhwanam-2-premieres-on-asianet/|title=Santhwanam 2 Premieres on Asianet|work=Disney Star}}</ref> It is one of the [[List of longest-running Indian television series|longest running Malayalam soap opera]].

== Series overview ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" |Season
! rowspan="2" |No.of episodes
! colspan="2" |Original broadcast
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
!style="padding: 0 8px" | First aired
!style="padding: 0 8px" | Last aired
|-
|align="center" {{yes2|'''1'''}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1002
| style="text-align:center;"| {{Start date|2020|09|21|df=y}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{End date|2024|01|27|df=y}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Santhwanam inches to its climax|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-inches-to-its-climax/amp_articleshow/105856445.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 December 2023|access-date=27 April 2026}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" {{yes|'''2'''}}
|style="text-align:center;"|600
|style="text-align:center;"| {{Start date|2024|06|17|df=y}}
|present
|<ref>{{cite news|title=ജനപ്രീതിയുടെ ഉയരങ്ങളില്‍; 200 എപ്പിസോഡുകള്‍ പിന്നിട്ട് 'സാന്ത്വനം 2'|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/santhwanam-2-completes-200-episodes-on-asianet-sqw5t0|website=[[Asianet News]]|date=31 January 2025|access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Plot==
===Season 1===
Krishnan's four sons (Balakrishnan, Harikrishnan, Shivaramakrishnan aka Shivan, and Kannan) run Krishna Stores, a famous grocery store in their hometown Ambalathara.

Balakrishnan is married to Sreedevi, who leads the Krishna stores with him and looks after Lakshmi, Balan's paralyzed mother. Sreedevi raises her brothers-in-law as her sons.

Hari gets engaged to Anjali, who loved Hari since they were children. However, Hari was in love with his college mate Aparna. So, Anjali marries Shivan, while Aparna marries Hari.(Kannan), during this point in time Lakshmi feels disappointed that Hari married Aparna so she doesn't give blessings to Hari and Aparna except to Anjali and Shiva. Savithri and Jayanthi insult Sreedevi and humiliate her. Aparna is not used to the Santhwanam house's interior. The plot centers on Devi and how she brings the joint family back together after the arrival of the new in-laws, Anjali and Aparna. And then it is revealed that Kannan like Aishwarya

Hari and Aparna are blessed with a baby girl. Shivan opens a tea stall, which is closed by Thambi. Kannan goes to Chennai to study. Meanwhile, Lakshmi Amma passes away. During these days the family passes through a series of financial crises due to Anjali and Sivan's previous furniture business and Krishna Stores' burn. But after some days Susan visited the family and handed over a Thirty lakh cheque to Anjali as she got as a balance amount from her client. The family cleared all their financial issues and lived peacefully.

The story leaps five years,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-takes-a-five-year-leap-devooty-is-a-cute-kiddo-now/articleshow/105122619.cms|title=Santhwanam takes a five-year leap, Devooty is a cute kiddo now|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref> Hari and Aparna started an advertising agency. But it got stopped due to their inefficiency in business. Hari moved back to Krishna Stores. Shivan's Ootupura has turned into a local sensation, winning the hearts and palates of natives and Anjali is handling the catering section of their venture. A few days later, the family learns that Anjali was pregnant.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/asianet-serial-santhwanam-review-shivanjali-nrn-s4hh2u|title='അമ്മയാകാന്‍ ഒരുങ്ങി അഞ്ജലി', സന്തോഷത്തില്‍ 'സാന്ത്വനം' കുടുംബം|website=[[Asianet News]]}}</ref> One day Kannan returns to the house but behaves differently.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-kannan-makes-a-dramatic-return/articleshow/106123746.cms|title=Santhwanam: Kannan makes a dramatic return|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref> Kannan plans to start a new company in Chennai with his friends for which he needs at least 15 lakhs. He requests Balan to give the money as the house is in his name. Learning that the family may be divided after partition, Appu tries to separate Devu from Devi. Late, Balan promises that they will not interfere in any matters of Devu this cooling Appu. Devi and Balan are heartbroken in the absence of Devu. Balan made arrangements for the partition of the family so that Kannan would let his money. Balan and Devi leave the house after writing a letter to family members. The family mourns after learning about their disappearance. Later, Kurup informs the family that Balan and Devi purposefully avoided children for taking care of their siblings. This made everybody heartbroken.

Three years later, Kannan in regret decides to leave his business plans and runs Krishna's Stores. Anjali gives birth to a male child, Balakrishnan (Balu Kuttan). Hari is working as a regional manager in an advertising company. Aparna is also working in an IT company remotely. Devootty is grown up. Shivan's friend, Rahul informs him that he saw Balan and Devi at [[Suchindram]] temple. Hari, Shivan, and Kannan find Devi and Balan. They are running a shop of flowers and Pooja materials near the temple. They both have a girl child, Lakshmi. The brothers insist Balan and Devi accompany them to Santhwanam which Balan denies. Later, Devi promises them that they will visit Santhwanam during Onam. The brothers further tell them that they will visit them again with Appu and Anju. The season ends with teary-eyed Balan and Devi bidding goodbye to the brothers.<ref name=.9>{{Cite news|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1237295&u=social-media-moved-with-santhwanam-finale-iconic-serial-ends-after-1002-episodes|title=Social media moved with 'Santhwanam' finale; iconic serial ends after 1002 episodes|website=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]}}</ref>

===Season 2===
''The second season of the show is a standalone story and has no connection to the events or characters of the first season.''

The season delves into the intense rivalry between two families, Krishnamangalam and Devamangalam, highlighting the strength of family ties and the complexities of interpersonal relationships.
The drama begins to unfold when Balan, an orphan adopted by the Krishnamangalam household, marries the youngest daughter, Gomathi. This causes the two families became enemies.
28 years later, Balan has become a well-known figure in society, the proud owner of Gomathi Stores, and the strict head of the Devamangalam family. His life revolves around his perfect family and the thriving business he has built.<ref>{{cite web|title='കൃഷ്ണമംഗലം', 'ദേവമംഗലം' കുടുംബങ്ങളുടെ മത്സരവുമായി 'സാന്ത്വനം 2'; ആദ്യ എപ്പിസോഡ് 17 ന്|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/santhwanam-2-malayalam-serial-starting-on-asianet-from-june-17-sev3da|work=[[Asianet News]]|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Santhwanam 2 Gains Popularity With Compelling Family Drama|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-2-gains-popularity-with-compelling-family-drama/articleshow/111132004.cms|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=20 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Balan's elder son Anand, is not married due to a love failure. His second son, Akash was in love with Meenakshi and he married her without their parents' knowledge. Even though Balan and Gomathi didn't accept her initially, they slowly began liking each other. Their youngest son, Aryan is studying in college. After some days, Gomathi, Aryan and Meenakshi visited [[Guruvayoor temple]] to pray for Anand's marriage. In the same time, Mithra, Gomathi's nephew eloped from Devamangalam with jewels to marry her lover Midhun, who is a fraudster. They stayed in the same hotel where Gomathi is also staying. Midhun cheated Mithra and ran way with her ornaments. On knowing this incident Gomathi decided Aryan to get married with Mithra so as to secure her life. Both of them married and they told to Balan that Mithra was in love with Aryan.

==Cast==
===Season 1===
; Main
*[[Rajeev Parameshwar]] as Balakrishnan Pillai {{a.k.a}} Balan: Devi's husband, Krishnan and Lakshmi's elder son; Hari, Shivan and Kannan's elder brother; Shankaran's nephew via Lakshmi; Bhadran's and Sudha's nephew via Krishna; Lakshmi’s father; Devika and Balu's paternal uncle: He is the householder who runs a merchant with his brothers. He is a bit educated.
*[[Chippy Renjith]] as Sreedevi Balakrishnan {{a.k.a}} Devi: Balan's wife; Madhavan and Subhadra’s daughter; Lakshmi's (the younger one) mother
*Sajin T. P. as Shivaramakrishnan Pillai {{a.k.a}} Shivan:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanams-sajin-i-dont-feel-that-i-am-a-star-i-enjoy-the-satisfaction-of-doing-something-i-love-the-most/articleshow/88852803.cms|title=Santhwanam's Sajin: I don't feel that I am a star, I enjoy the satisfaction of doing something I love the most|work=The Times of India|date=12 January 2022 }}</ref> Anjali's husband, Krishnan and Lakshmi's third son; Balan and Hari's younger brother and Kannan's elder brother; Balu's father, Shankaran's nephew via Lakshmi; Bhadran's and Sudha's nephew via Krishna
*[[Gopika Anil]] as Anjali Shivaramakrishnan {{a.k.a}} Anju:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/anjali-aka-gopika-anils-heartfelt-note-as-santhwanam-concludes/articleshow/107233592.cms|title=Anjali aka Gopika Anil pens a heart-touching note as Santhwanam concludes, says 'Living the character was more real than just acting|website=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref> Shiva's wife; Hari's ex-fiancé; Shankaran and Savitri's daughter; Balu’s mother, Jayanti's cousin; Lakshmi's niece and daughter-in-law; Lakshmi and Devika's aunt
*[[Raksha Raj]] as Aparna Harikrishnan {{a.k.a}} Appu: Hari's wife, Thampi and Ambika's elder daughter and heiress of Amaravati; Devika's mother; Balu and Lakshmi's aunt; Ammu's sister; Rajalakshmi and Rajeshwari's niece
*[[Girish Nambiar]] as HariKrishnan Pillai: {{a.k.a}} Hari: Appu's husband, Krishnan and Lakshmi's second son; Shiva and Kannan's elder brother and Balan's younger brother; Devika's father and Balu and Lakshmi's uncle
*Achu Sugandh as Muralikrishnan Pillai {{a.k.a}} Kannan: Aishwarya's boyfriend; Krishnan and Lakshmi's youngest son; Balan, Hari, Shivan's younger brother; Shankaran's nephew via Lakshmi; Bhadran's and Sudha's nephew via Krishna; Devika, Balu and Lakshmi’s paternal uncle

; Recurring
*Apsara Ratnakaran as Jayanthi Sethumadhavan, Anjali's cousin, Savithri's niece (paternal); Sethu's wife; Balu and Lakshmi's aunt
*Baby Izzah Fathima/ Baby Nila as Devika Harikrishnan {{a.k.a}} Devooty: Daughter of Hari and Aparna; granddaughter of Krishnan, Lakshmi via Hari and Thampi, Ambika via Appu
*Girija Preman as Lakshmi Krishnan {{a.k.a}} Lakshmiyamma: Balan, Hari, Shivan, and Kannan's mother; Devika, Balu and Lakshmi’s paternal grandmother; Shankaran's sister (Dead)
*Manjusha Martin as Aishwarya Gopinathan {{a.k.a}} Achu: Kannan's girlfriend, Gopinathan and Sudha's daughter; Krishna, Bhadran's niece; Abhishek's sister
*Yathikumar as Shivashankaran {{a.k.a}} Shankaran: Lakshmi's brother; Savithri's husband; Anjali's father; Balan, Hari, Shiva and Kannan's maternal uncle and Balu's maternal grandfather
*Bijesh Avanoor as Sethumadhavan : Devi's brother; Unni's father; Balan's best friend, Jayanthi's husband and Lakshmi’s maternal uncle
*Divya Binu as Malikapurackal Savithri Shivashankaran {{a.k.a}} Savitri: Shankaran's wife; Anjali's mother; Jayanthi's paternal aunt and Balu’s maternal grandmother
*(Late) [[Kailas Nath]] as Narayana Pillai {{a.k.a}} Pillai: A helper in Krishna Stores and father figure to the brothers
*Saji Surya as Shathrudharan Pillai {{a.k.a}} Shathru: Pillai's nephew
*Rohit Ved as Rajasekharan Thampi {{a.k.a}} Thampi: Ambika's husband, Rajeshwari and Rajalakshmi's brother, Appu and Ammu's father; Devika's maternal grandfather
*Rajamouli S. S. as Mahindra: Thampi's steward
*Mohan Ayroor as Bhadran Pillai: Lalita's husband; Balan, Hari, Shiva, Kannan's paternal uncle; Achu's maternal uncle; Krishna, Sudha's brother
*Dr. Nita Gosh as Hemambika Rajasekharan {{a.k.a}} Ambika: Thampi's wife; Appu and Ammu's mother; Devika's maternal grandmother
*Aju Thomas as Varun Bhadran Pillai. Lalita and Bhadran's son; Balan, Hari, Shiva, Kannan, Aishwarya, Abhishek's cousin brother; Arun's elder brother
*Unknown as Arun Bhadran Pillai. Lalita and Bhadran's son; Balan, Hari, Shiva, Kannan, Aishwarya, Abhishek's cousin brother; Varun's younger brother
*Pramod Mani as Abhishek Gopinathan: Achu's brother; Gopinath and Sudha's son; Varun, Arun, Balan, Hari, Shiva, Kannan's cousin brother; Krishna, Bhadran's nephew
*Sanjana Chandran as Gopinathan: Sudha's husband; Abhishek and Aishwarya's father
*Sindhu Manu Varma as Sudha Gopinathan: Gopinathan's wife; Aishwarya and Abhishek's mother; Krishnan and Bhadran's sister; Balan, Hari, Shiva, Kannan, Arun, Varun's paternal aunt
*Deepika Mohan as Lalitha Bhadran: Bhadran's wife; Arun and Varun's mother
*Hareendran as Rahul: Shivan's friend
*Shilpa Shaji as Malu: Rahul's wife
*Renjith Renju as Sumesh: Shivan's friend
*Geetha Nair as Subhadra: Devi and Sethu's mother; Unni's paternal grandmother and Lakshmi’s maternal grandmother
*[[Zeenath]] as Rajeshwari: Thampi's elder sister, Appu, and Ammu's aunt
*Saritha Balakrishnan as Rajalakshmi {{a.k.a}} Lachu: Thampi's younger sister, Appu and Ammu's aunt
*Kalyani as Amritha Thampi {{a.k.a}} Ammu: Thampi and Ambika's daughter, Appu's younger sister
*Prabha R. Krishnan as Vanaja
*J. Padmanabhan Thampi as Thomachan
*Mithun M. K. as Aneesh
*Archana Krishna as Susan
*Athira Praveen as Manjima: Hari's classmate and colleague
*Sreelakshmi Sreekumar as Jancy: Anju's friend
*Liju Mathew Abraham as Deepu: Hari's friend
*Nihas Khan as Rajesh: Shivan's friend
*Renjith as Sumesh: Shivan's friend
*Unknown as Balakrishnan Shivaramakrishna {{a.k.a}} Balu: Son of Shivan and Anjali; grandson of Krishnan and Lakshmi via Shivan and Shankaran and Savitri via Anjali (photo appearance)
*Baby Evelyn as Lakshmi Balakrishnan: Daughter of Balan and Devi; granddaughter of Krishnan and Lakshmi via Balan and Subhadra via Devi
*Arjun Sunil as Dakshinamurthy

===Season 2===
; Main
*Krishnakumar Menon as Balan: Gomathi's husband; Anuja, Anand, Akash, Aryan and Anusree's father, owner of Gomathi Stores
*Lavanya Nair as Gomathi: Balan's wife; Anuja, Anand, Akash, Aryan and Anusree's mother
*Girish Gangadharan as Aryan: Balan and Gomathi's youngest son, Mithra's husband<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/miniscreen/santhwanam-actor-gireesh-gangadahran-about-career/articleshow-xl4lc47|title=പ്രണയരംഗങ്ങൾ ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ ഭാര്യയോട് പറയാറുണ്ട്, പരസ്‍പരം നന്നായറിയാം; മനസു തുറന്ന് സാന്ത്വനം താരം|work=Asianet News|date=7 June 2025}}</ref>
*Sai Lakshmi(2024-2025, 2026-present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/social-media-on-santhwanam-2-fame-sai-lakshmi-s-bio-and-arun-ravan-parvathy-s-vijay-s-ex-hussband/articleshow/118657258.cms|title=ഞാനത് നിങ്ങൾക്ക് തരുന്നു രാവൺ! ആരാണ് ഈ സായ് ലക്ഷ്മി; അരുൺ രാവൺ സാന്ത്വനത്തിൽ നിന്നും പിന്മാറിയോ; ചർച്ചകളും പോസ്റ്റും|work=The Times of India|date=2 March 2025}}</ref>/Parvathy Nair(2025-2026) as Mithra: Aryan's wife, Ananda Varma's daughter
*Aiswarya Rajesh as Meenakshi: Akash's wife
*Deepan Murali as Anand: Balan and Gomathi's eldest son, Sreedevi's husband<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/photo-gallery/cinema/meghna-vincent-is-back-to-asianet-with-santhwanam-2-after-seven-years-of-break/photoshow/115653104.cms|title=ഇത് പുതിയൊരു തുടക്കം, ഏഴ് വര്‍ഷങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് ശേഷമുള്ള മടങ്ങിവരവ്! ദീപന്റെ ജോഡിയായി മേഘ്‌ന വിന്‍സന്റ്, ഒരുക്കങ്ങള്‍ പൂര്‍ത്തിയാക്കി നടി!|work=[[Samayam]]|date=25 November 2024}}</ref>
*Bibin Benny as Akash: Balan and Gomathi's second son, Meenakshi's husband<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/santhwanam-2-actor-bibin-about-father-sx2haq|title=അച്ഛന്റെ ആഗ്രഹം എന്നിലൂടെ നിറവേറ്റി; മനസു തുറന്ന് സാന്ത്വനം 2 താരം ബിബിൻ|work=Asianet News|date=May 30, 2025}}</ref>
*[[Meghna Vincent]] as Sreedevi: Anand's wife<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/meghna-vincent-returned-to-asianet-with-new-serial-snlapi|title=ഏഴ് വർഷങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് ശേഷം തട്ടകത്തിലേക്ക്; ആവേശം പങ്കുവച്ച് മേഘ്‌ന വിൻസെന്‍റ്|work=[[Asianet News]]|date=27 November 2024}}</ref>
*[[Roslin (Malayalam actress)|Roslin]]/Devi Menon as Indiramma: Ananda Varma, Achyutha Varma, Dharman and Gomathi's mother
; Recurring
*Manju Vijeesh as Rajasree: Achyutha Varma's wife, Alok's mother
*Saranya Visakh as Anuja Krishnadas: Balan and Gomathi's elder daughter
*Gowri/Aarcha S Nair as Anusree: Balan and Gomathi's younger daughter
*Aswin Puthiya Veettil as Achyutha Varma: Gomathi's brother, Indiramma's son, Alok's father
*Abees P Saif as Ananda Varma: Mithra's father, Gomathi's brother, Indiramma's son
*Ashish Kannan as Alok: Achyutha Varma's son
*Niveditha/Archana Renjith as Nandhitha: Ananda Varma's wife, Mithra's mother
*R J Gaddafi as Midhun: Mithra's ex-lover
*Arun Mohan as Dharman: Mithra's uncle
*Kottayam Rasheed as Udayabhanu: Sreedevi's father
*Karthika Kannan as Sreekala: Sreedevi's mother
*Shilpa Shiva as Sreevidhya: Sreedevi's sister
*Aneesh Swaminathan as Krishnadas: Anuja's husband
; Cameo appearance
*[[Sreeram Ramachandran]] as Saran: Jankiyamma's son, Kavya's husband
*Ardra Das as Kavya: Saran's wife
*[[Shobha Mohan]] as Janakiyamma: Saran's mother
*Prajin Prathap as Nandanan
*[[Rajeev Parameshwar]] as Balakrishnan(Promo only)
*Krishnakumar Prem as Sethu (reprising from ''Snehakkoottu'')
*Shilji Mariya as Pallavi (reprising from ''Snehakkoottu'')

==Production==
===Season 1===
The series is produced by [[Chippy Renjith]] after success of their previous venture ''[[Vanambadi (TV series)|Vanambadi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actress-producer-chippy-renjith-on-santhwanam-strong-storyline-and-the-teams-hard-work-are-our-secrets-to-success/articleshow/81934370.cms|title=Actress-producer Chippy Renjith on 'Santhwanam': Strong storyline and the team's hard work are our secret|website=The Times of India|date=6 April 2021 }}</ref> In 2021, the second wave of [[COVID-19]] resulted in the show pausing production for about 2 months.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/is-santhwanam-stopped-here-s-why-asianet-stopped-the-telecasting-of-santhwanam-serial-071662.html|title=സ്വാന്തനം സീരിയല്‍ അവസാനിപ്പിച്ചോ? സംപ്രേക്ഷണം ഉണ്ടാവില്ലെന്ന് അറിയിച്ചതോടെ സംശയവുമായി ആരാധകര്‍|website= Filmibeat Malayalam}}</ref> The director of the show, Adithyan died on 19 October 2023 due to [[Heart Attack|heart attack]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-director-adithyan-passes-away-at-47/articleshow/104544282.cms|title=Santhwanam director Aadithyan passes away at 47|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Season 2===
The teaser of the second season was released on 3 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=രണ്ട് കുടുംബങ്ങളുടെ കഥ? 'സാന്ത്വനം 2' വരുന്നു, ആകാംക്ഷയോടെ പ്രേക്ഷകര്‍|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/santhwanam-2-coming-soon-asianet-announced-the-sequel-with-a-promo-video-scywcn|work=[[Asianet News]]|language=ml}}</ref> After that several audience enquired whether it is sequel to the first season.<ref>{{cite web|title='പഴയ ആളുകൾ തന്നെവേണം.... എന്നാലെ സീരിയൽ കാണാൻ താൽപര്യം വരു, കുടുംബവിളക്കുപോലെ ആവാതിരുന്നാൽ മതി'|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/photos/feature/fans-discussion-about-hit-serial-santhwanam-2-promo-fb93999.html|work=Filmibeat|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=സാന്ത്വനം 2: അ‍ഞ്ജലി ഗോപിക തന്നെയല്ലേ, ശിവേട്ടൻ ഉണ്ടാവില്ലേ,എന്തായിരിക്കും കഥ?; സൂചന നൽകി പ്രൊമോ|url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/entertainment/santhwanam-2-asianet-released-a-new-promo-video-goes-viral-here-is-how-fans-reacted-461819.html|work=One India|date=11 May 2024 |language=ml}}</ref> But it is clarified by [[Gopika Anil]] who played lead role in the first season that the new season will follow a new story with new characters.<ref>{{cite web|title="സാന്ത്വനം രണ്ടാം ഭാഗത്തിൽ ഞങ്ങൾ ആരുമില്ല"! ചേട്ടനെ കളിയാക്കാൻ വേണ്ടി ഇട്ടതല്ല അതൊന്നും; ഗോപിക അനിൽ പറയുന്നു!|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/actress-gopika-anil-says-that-no-one-from-first-part-is-acting-in-the-santhwanam-2/articleshow/110149785.cms|work=Samayam Malayalam|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='സാന്ത്വനം രണ്ടാം ഭാഗത്തിൽ ഞങ്ങൾ ആരുമില്ല', ആരാധകരെ ഞെട്ടിച്ച് ഗോപിക|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/gopika-anil-talk-about-asianet-serial-santhwanam-part-2-sdjdsy|work=[[Asianet News]]|language=ml}}</ref>

In April 2025, actor [[Rajeev Parameshwar]] revealed that [[Chippy Renjith]], who acted in and produced the first season of Santhwanam, and her husband Renjith, who co-produced the show, opted out of Santhwanam 2 due to their commitments to the film ''[[Thudarum]]'' and the [[JioHotstar]] web series ''[[Love Under Construction]]''. Chippy informed the original cast that the second season would feature a completely new storyline, that she would not be part of it, and that they were free to join if interested. However, since it wasn’t a continuation, the entire original cast chose not to return. Consequently, a different production house took over the show with an entirely new cast.<ref>{{cite web|title=സാന്ത്വനം 2 ചെയ്യാത്തത് എന്തുകൊണ്ട്? സിനിമയ്ക്കായി ദുബായ് ജോലി വിട്ടു; പക്ഷെ സിനിമ വന്നപ്പോള്‍...|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/rajeev-parameshwar-explains-why-he-didnt-do-santhwanam-2-and-how-he-quit-his-job-for-cinema-128049.html|work=Filmibeat|date=4 April 2025 |language=ml}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Season 1===
The first season of the show was one of the top rated shows in Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Santhwanam' continues to top the TRP charts; here's a look at the top 5 shows of the week|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-continues-to-top-the-trp-charts-heres-a-look-at-the-top-5-shows-of-the-week/articleshow/94228110.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|language=en|date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Santhwanam continues to be Malayalam TV's most-watched serial|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/santhwanam-continues-to-be-malayalam-tvs-most-watched-serial/articleshow/105997484.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|language=en|date=14 December 2023}}</ref> It is well known for romantic performance of the lead pair known as "Shivanjali" played by Sajin and [[Gopika Anil]].<ref name=.2></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='എല്ലാം ഒപ്പിച്ച് വെച്ചിട്ട് കിടക്കുന്നത് കണ്ടില്ലേ?'യെന്ന് ശിവേട്ടൻ്റെ ചാരെ കിടന്ന് അഞ്ജലി! ആരാധകർ കാത്തിരുന്ന ആ വിശേഷം എത്തിപ്പോയോ? ശിവാഞ്ജലിയുടെ പുതിയ സർപ്രൈസ് വിശേഷത്തിനായി കാത്തിരുന്ന് ആരാധകർ, വൈറലായി വീഡിയോ!|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/santhwanam-serial-today-episode-promo-video-out/articleshow/91091657.cms|website=Samayam Malayalam|language=ml|date=26 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ഇനി അഞ്ജലിയായില്ല, 'സാന്ത്വനം' സീരിയൽ അവസാനിച്ചു: വിങ്ങിപ്പൊട്ടി ഗോപിക അനിൽ|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/tv/2024/01/29/gopika-anil-share-her-last-moments-at-santhwanam-serial-set.html|website=Manorama Online|language=ml|date=29 January 2024}}</ref>

===Season 2===
In contrast, second season opened with a relatively lower performance, debuting at sixth position in [[Target Rating Point|TRP]] ratings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janakiyudeyum Abhiyudeyum Veedu Makes It To The Top 5 In The Premiere Week; Bigg Boss Malayalam 6 Grand Finale Grabs Record Rating|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/janakiyudeyum-abhiyudeyum-veedu-makes-it-to-the-top-5-in-the-premiere-week-bigg-boss-malayalam-6-grand-finale-grabs-record-rating/articleshow/111361837.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|language=en|date=29 June 2024}}</ref> It improved to fourth position by September 2024 but declined again to fifth position by November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chempaneerpoovu remains the most-watched show; Ishtam Mathram joins the top 5|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneerpoovu-remains-the-most-watched-show-ishtam-mathram-joins-the-top-5/articleshow/113093461.cms|website=The Times Of India|language=en|date=5 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chempaneerpoovu continues to be the most-watched show on Malayalam TV; Santhwanam 2 falls to fifth spot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneerpoovu-continues-to-be-the-most-watched-show-on-malayalam-tv-santhwanam-2-falls-to-fifth-spot/articleshow/115334520.cms|website=The Times Of India|language=en|date=15 November 2024}}</ref>

Amid declining TRP performance, show's time slot was shifted from 7:00 PM to evening slot of 6:30 PM, and it later fell to eighth position in TRP rankings.<ref>{{cite news |title=What to watch on Malayalam TV at 6:30 PM? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/what-to-watch-on-malayalam-tv-at-630-pm/articleshow/127992539.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chempaneer Poovu leads the rating charts; Patharamattu slips to fourth place |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneer-poovu-leads-the-rating-charts-patharamattu-slips-to-fourth-place-/articleshow/127927429.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
[https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/santhwanam-2/1260041452 Santhwanam - JioHotstar]

{{Asianet programs}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Asianet (TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]

INS Arisudan

2026-04-25T21:51:59Z

Svetloxf: Adding new stub w/ refs

{{Short description|Arihant-class nuclear submarine}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Arihant follow on class submarine.jpg
| image_caption = A conceptual drawing representing the ''Arihant'' Stretch design
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = [[India]]
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Arisudan''
| ordered =
| awarded =
| builder = Shipbuilding Centre (SBC), [[Visakhapatnam]], [[India]]<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web|author=S. Anandan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/second-nuclear-submarine-headed-for-yearend-launch/article2798864.ece|title=Second nuclear submarine headed for year-end launch|work=The Hindu|date=14 January 2012|access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref>
| laid_down = 2018<ref name = "hindu1">{{cite news |title=A bigger nuclear submarine is coming |url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-bigger-nuclear-submarine-is-coming/article19862549.ece |date=2017|website=www.thehindu.com |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>
| launched = 16 October 2024 <ref> https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indias-fourth-nuclear-submarine-launched-into-water/article68783731.ece</ref>
| christened =
| acquired =
| commissioned =
| recommissioned =
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| reclassified =
| refit =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| homeport =
| captured =
| fate =
| status = [[Sea trials]] underway
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|1}}
| type = [[Nuclear submarine|Nuclear]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]
| displacement = 7,000 tonnes
| length = 130 m
| beam = 11 m
| height =
| draft = 9.5 m
| depth =
| decks =
| deck_clearance =
| power = *1 x CLWR-B1 Compact [[Light-water reactor]],<ref name="CLWR-B1">{{cite news|title=Founder's Day Speech, Director, BARC|url=http://www.barc.gov.in/presentations/fddir18.pdf|access-date=21 March 2021|publisher=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre|date=30 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="clwr_barc">{{cite journal|title=DAE Excellence in Science, Engineering & Technology Awards 2010|journal=BARC Newsletter|date=September–October 2011|issue=322|page=33|url=http://www.barc.gov.in/publications/nl/2011/2011091009.pdf|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=15 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515202113/http://barc.gov.in/publications/nl/2011/2011091009.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> 83 MW<ref name="IndiaToday" />
| propulsion = *1 × [[propeller shaft]], [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear propulsion]]
| speed = '''Surfaced:''' {{convert|12|-|15|kn|km/h}}
'''Submerged:''' {{convert|24|kn|km/h}}
| range = Unlimited except by food supplies
| endurance = Unlimited except by food supply and maintenance
| test_depth = Between {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|400|m|abbr=on}}
| complement =
| time_to_activate =
| sensors = *[[USHUS (sonar)|USHUS]] sonar
*[[Panchendriya (sonar)|Panchendriya]] unified submarine sonar, control system and underwater communication system <ref name="naval-technology.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/arihant-class/|title=Retrieved on 2016-10-21.|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502115614/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/arihant-class|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=live }}</ref>
| EW =
| armament = * 6 × 21" (533 mm) torpedo tubes – est 30 charges (torpedoes, cruise missiles or mines)<ref name="globalsecurity">{{cite web|first=John|last=Pike|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/atv-specs.htm|title=Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)|publisher=globalsecurity.org|date=27 July 2009|access-date=24 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829062226/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/atv-specs.htm|archive-date=29 August 2011}}</ref>
*8 VLS cells for either
**24 [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15 Sagarika]] [[SLBM]]
**8 [[K-4 (SLBM)|K-4]] [[SLBM]]
| notes =
}}
}}'''INS ''Arisudan''''' ('''SSBN 83''') ({{Lit|Slayer of foes}}) is a [[Nuclear submarine|nuclear-powered]] [[ballistic missile submarine]], and the fourth and final {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|1}} of the [[Indian Navy]]. It is designated '''S4*''' Strategic Strike Nuclear Submarine. The 7,000-tonne vessel was built under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre in the port city of [[Visakhapatnam]]. It is an upgraded variant of the ''Arihant''-class submarine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/needed-a-nuclear-triad|title=Needed, a nuclear triad|publisher=Sunday-guardian.com|access-date=2 June 2013|archive-date=3 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503233228/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/needed-a-nuclear-triad|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/551/india-to-construct-two-more-arihant-nuclear-submarines-for-navy.html|title=India To Construct Two More Arihant Nuclear Submarines For Navy|publisher=Defence Now|date=28 February 2012|access-date=2 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712032120/http://www.defencenow.com/news/551/india-to-construct-two-more-arihant-nuclear-submarines-for-navy.html|archive-date=12 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Description ==
The boat will have one seven-blade propeller powered by a [[Pressurized water reactor|Compact Light Water Reactor]] (CLWR). It can achieve a maximum speed of {{convert|12|-|15|kn|km/h}} when on surface and {{convert|24|kn|km/h}} when submerged.<ref name="navaltech">{{cite web |url= http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/arihant-class/ |title=SSBN Arihant Class Submarine, India |publisher=naval-technology.com |access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2024 |title=INS Arighaat: How a second nuclear submarine boosts India’s strategic reach |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-arighaat-how-a-second-nuclear-submarine-boosts-indias-strategic-reach-2591300-2024-08-31 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2020 |title=India to commission second Arihant-class submarine in 2021 |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/india-to-commission-second-arihant-class-submarine-in-2021 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=Default |language=en}}</ref> The CLWR is an upgraded form of the one that powers [[INS Arihant]]. The CLWR has exceptionally lower [[acoustic signature]] than the previous generation making it harder to detect by enemy vessels along with longer endurance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2024 |title=How Refined 83 MW PWR on INS Arighat Boosts its Stealth and Endurance Compared to INS Arihant |url=https://defence.in/threads/how-refined-83-mw-pwr-on-ins-arighat-boosts-its-stealth-and-endurance-compared-to-ins-arihant.9797/ |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=Defence.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

The submarine has eight [[Vertical launching system|VLS]] tubes in its hump, as compared to four on her predecessors— She can carry up to 24 [[Sagarika (missile)|K-15 Sagarika]] missiles (each with a range of {{convert|750|km|abbr=on|disp=or}}), eight [[K-4 (missile)|K-4 missiles]] (with a range of {{convert|3500|km|abbr=on|disp=or}}) or [[K-5 (ballistic missile)|K-5 missiles]] (with range of 6,000 km or 3,700 mi).<ref name="IndiaToday">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10|title=A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines|date=7 December 2017|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=11 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153439/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10|archive-date=20 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-arihant-returned-yesterday-from-20-day-deterrent-patrol-1383188-2018-11-05|title=INS Arihant returned yesterday from 20-day deterrent patrol|date=5 November 2018|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-28 |title='Nuclear-capable ballistic missile tested from INS Arighaat' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nuclear-capable-ballistic-missile-tested-from-ins-arighaat/articleshow/115747030.cms |access-date=2024-11-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Construction ==
Around 2012, the [[S5-class submarine|S5 submarine project]] to succeed and supplement the first three ''Arihant'' class submarines remained in the developmental stage. Hence, another ''Arihant''-class submarine was cleared for production as a [[Stopgap|stopgap measure]]<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-29 |title=CHAKRA EXCLUSIVE: India's fourth SSBN sails out for sea trials |url=https://chakranewz.com/critical-technologies/trending/chakra-exclusive-india-rsquo-s-fourth-ssbn-sails-out-for-sea-trials |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=chakranewz |language=en}}</ref> to avoid idling of the [[production line]]. The new unit was designated as S4* (between S4 and S5). The boat would also feature the stretched configuration of the third submarine of the class, {{INS|Aridhaman}}.<ref name="India Today3">{{cite news |last=Unnithan |first=Sandeep |date=7 December 2017 |title=A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211024434/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo/1/1104982.html |archive-date=11 December 2017 |access-date=11 December 2017 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

The newly designated S4* submarine will be fourth and final submarine of the class, with an indigenous content of over 80%<ref name=":18" /> and equipped with K4 missiles, was thereafter launched on 16 October 2024.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=22 October 2024 |title=India Launches 4th nuclear-missile submarine |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-launches-4th-nuclear-missile-submarine-101729560730642.html |access-date=22 October 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> By December 2025, the submarine entered [[sea trials]]. During the fourth week of the month, the vessel sailed out from her berth at the Shipbuilding Centre.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Militar |first=Redaccion Zona |date=2025-12-30 |title=India is reported to have begun sea trials of the fourth of its new Arihant-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines |url=https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2025/12/30/india-is-reported-to-have-begun-sea-trials-of-the-fourth-of-its-new-arihant-class-nuclear-powered-ballistic-missile-submarines/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=Zona Militar |language=en-US}}</ref>

It was also reported in January 2026, that the final submarine, so far referred to as S4*, will be named INS ''Arisudan'' upon entry into service. The name has been proposed by the ship-naming committee of the Indian Navy and is yet to be receive clearance by the defence ministry and eventually, the [[President of India]], who is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=Arihant class nuclear-powered submarine S4* likely to be named INS Arisudan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arihant-class-nuclear-powered-submarine-s4-likely-to-be-named-ins-arisudan-101767555406284.html |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Future of the Indian Navy]]
* [[K Missile family]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arisudan}}
[[Category:Arihant-class submarines]]
[[Category:Nuclear-powered submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]
[[Category:Submarines of India]]
[[Category:2021 ships]]
[[Category:Submarine classes]]

D. D. Thacker

2026-04-25T11:02:42Z

Svetloxf: new...

{{Short description|Coal miner and philanthropist}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
'''D. D. Thacker''' (1884–1961) better known as '''Diwan Bahadur D. D. Thacker'''<ref name=pp/> was a noted coal miner and philanthropist from [[Jharia]], [[Dhanbad]].<ref name=a>{{cite book|title=Quarterly journal of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India, Volumes 23–24|year=1951|pages=lvii, xxii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jT4cAQAAMAAJ&q=1884}}</ref>

==Biography==
He was born in a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] family in [[Bhuj]] in [[Princely State of Cutch]] and did his preliminary education there.<ref name=a/> He was attracted to coal mining business due to his connection with [[Mistris of Kutch]], who had taken leadership in Jharia coal mining belt.<ref name=n>'''Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia''' – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta compiled by Raja Pawan Jethwa (1998) – ''A brief life sketch of Diwan Bahadur D. D. Thacker – page 25''.</ref> He started his career as coal agent around 1900, later he entered into coal mining in 1905<ref name=a/> when in partnership with [[Seth Khora Ramji Chawda|Seth Khora Ramji & Brothers]], he purchased ''Pure Jharia Colliery'' located in Jharia.<ref name=n/> After death of Seth Khora Ramji in 1923, however, he became sole proprietor of ''Pure Jharia Colliery'', purchasing the stake from heirs of Khora Ramji.<ref name=n/> Later on he vigorously expanded his coal mining as well coal trading business and purchased several mines in Bengal & Bihar.<ref name=n/>

During his lifetime he held several posts like, chairman and Secretary of the [[Indian Mining Federation]],<ref>Peripheral Labour: Studies in the History of Partial Proletarianization
edited by Shahid Amin, Marcel van der Linden-1997- Page 94</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian annual register, Volume 1|year=1940|pages=55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mckZAAAAMAAJ&q=diwan+bahadur+d.+d.+thacker}}</ref> the President of The [[Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of scientific and industrial research, Volume 6|year=1947|publisher=Council of Scientific & Industrial Research|pages=40|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz47AAAAIAAJ&q=diwan+bahadur+d.+d.+thacker}}</ref><ref name=n/> Further, he also held post of Honorary First Class Magistrate of Jhaira<ref name=pp>Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, Volume 36, 1949 :Thacker, DD, Diwan Bahadur, MIME, FRSA, (Lond.), Honorary Magistrate (First Class), Colliery Owner, Pure Jharia Colliery, Jharia (Manbhum).</ref> He also served as President of the [[Bihar Chamber of Commerce]], the [[Indian Colliery Owners' Association]] in his lifetime.<ref>{{cite book|title=Quarterly Journal of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jT4cAQAAMAAJ|year=1951|publisher=The Society}}</ref><ref name=n/> He was among the patron and trustees of [[Jharia Anglo-Gujarati School]].<ref name=n/>

In 1928–29, ''Pure Jharia Colliery'' owned by him started a primary school for the benefit of the children of labour working in his mines. Further, in 1939–40, he also started a Labour's School in Jharia to train labours for coalmines, the school was then called Rao Bahadur D. D. Thacker's Labourers' School.<ref name=n/> In 1954, he donated money to award a Gold Medal called ''Dewan Bahadur D. D. Thacker Coal Mining Gold Medal'' to be awarded annually for works of merit and research in field of coal mining.<ref>{{cite book|title=Progress of the mineral industry of India, 1906–1955|year=1956|publisher=Mining, Geological, and Metallurgical Institute of India|pages=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caJOAAAAMAAJ&q=diwan+bahadur+d.+d.+thacker}}</ref> Even today the above gold medal award is considered to be very prestigious and awarded annually by The Mining, Geological and Metallurgical Institute of India to persons excelling in field of coal mines industry in India.<ref name=n/><ref>[http://www.mgmiindia.com/last.pdf DEWAN BHADUR D. D. THACKER GOLD MEDAL]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1954 he donated money to commemorate a running shield trophy for sports held in coal mining community.<ref name=n/><ref>Indian labour gazette: Volume 12, 1954</ref>

He died in 1961 and his coal mine business was carried on by his sons under name and style of D. D. Thacker & Sons, which was finally taken over by Government of India after nationalization of coal mines in 1972.<ref name=n/><ref>[http://coal.nic.in/ca6.pdf Coking Coal Nationalisation Act of 1972 – D. D. Thacker & Sons, Pure Jharia Colliery] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313073759/http://coal.nic.in/ca6.pdf |date=13 March 2012 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thacker, D. D.}}
[[Category:People from Dhanbad district]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Dewan Bahadurs]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in mining]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the coal industry]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:People from Jharia]]

Dwarahat Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:19:02Z

Svetloxf: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dwarahat
| latest_election_year = 2022
| mla = [[Madan Singh Bisht]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Almora district|Almora]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:92567}}<ref name="ceouk">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf |title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Election - 2022 - AC wise Voter Turnout |website=ceo.uk.gov.in |date=1 March 2022 |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301040631/https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf}}</ref>{{update after|2027|03}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 48
| map_image = Dwarahat Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Dwarahat Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/Constituencies_Division_Wise-1.pdf |title=Uttarakhand Assembly constituencies |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Almora district|Almora]] district.

== Member of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Bipin Chandra Tripathi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2004 elections in India#Uttarakhand|2004^]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Pushpesh Tripathi]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Madan Singh Bisht]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| Mahesh Singh Negi<ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3470-uttarakhand-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Election Commission of India - State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttarakhand |website=eci.gov.in |date= |accessdate=16 January 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Madan Singh Bisht]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}
^ denotes bye election

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dwarahat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Madan Singh Bisht]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,766 |percentage=36.19% |change={{increase}}7.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anil Singh Shahi|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=17,584|percentage=35.82%|change={{decrease}}7.24}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pushpesh Tripathi]]|party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal|votes=9,804|percentage=19.97%|change={{increase}}5.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bhupal Singh Alias Pappu Bhandari|party=Independent politician|votes=1,138|percentage=2.32%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=791|percentage=1.61%|change={{increase}}0.34}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prakash Chandra|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=506|percentage=1.03%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. Pramod Kumar|party=Peoples Party of India (Democratic)|votes=427|percentage=0.87%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anand Ballabh|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=354|percentage=0.72%|change={{decrease}}1.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ganesh Chandra|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=340|percentage=0.69%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=182 |percentage=0.37% |change= {{decrease}}13.67 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=49,096|percentage=52.20%|change={{increase}}0.37}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,056 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.79 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}6.87 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dwarahat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahesh Singh Negi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,221 |percentage=43.06% |change={{increase}}17.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Madan Singh Bisht]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=13,628|percentage=29.02%|change={{decrease}}4.87}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pushpesh Tripathi]]|party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal|votes=6,581|percentage=14.01%|change={{decrease}}12.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kuber Singh Kathayat|party=Independent politician|votes=2,126|percentage=4.53%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bhupal Singh Alias Pappu Bhandari|party=Independent politician|votes=1,196|percentage=2.55%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Girish Chaudhary|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=830|percentage=1.77%|change={{decrease}}2.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nandan Giri|party=Independent politician|votes=776|percentage=1.65%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=597|percentage=1.27%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kundan Singh Rawat|party=Bharat Ki Lok Jimmedar Party|votes=503|percentage=1.07%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jay Prakash Kandpal|party=Independent politician|votes=342|percentage=0.73%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,593 |percentage=14.04% |change= {{increase}}6.42 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=46,963|percentage=51.82%|change={{decrease}}0.05}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,620 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}9.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dwarahat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Madan Singh Bisht]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,798 |percentage=33.89% |change={{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pushpesh Tripathi]]|party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal|votes=11,472|percentage=26.27%|change={{decrease}}2.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Narendra Singh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=11,096|percentage=25.41%|change={{increase}}3.42}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pramod Kumar|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=2,004|percentage=4.59%|change={{increase}}0.62}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rajendra Singh|party=Independent politician|votes=1,152|percentage=2.64%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=P. C. Tewari|party=Uttarakhand Parivartan Party|votes=1,066|percentage=2.44%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Birendra Singh Bajetha|party=Independent politician|votes=675|percentage=1.55%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Devi Dutt Joshi|party=Independent politician|votes=458|percentage=1.05%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pawan Chandra Pandey|party=Independent politician|votes=430|percentage=0.98%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Vipin Chandra|party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha|votes=425|percentage=0.97%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,326 |percentage=7.62% |change= {{increase}}1.06 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=43,666|percentage=51.88%|change={{decrease}}6.77}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,170 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.65 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |swing= {{increase}}5.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Dwarahat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pushpesh Tripathi]] |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=11,128 |percentage=28.55% |change={{decrease}}13.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sadanand|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=8,573|percentage=21.99%|change={{increase}}8.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Madan Singh Bisht]]|party=Independent politician|votes=8,184|percentage=21.00%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mahesh Singh|party=Indian National Congress|votes=7,912|percentage=20.30%|change={{decrease}}5.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kamal Kishor|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,549|percentage=3.97%|change={{increase}}2.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nandan Giri|party=Janata Dal (United)|votes=1,116|percentage=2.86%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Puran Chandra|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=516|percentage=1.32%|change={{decrease}}0.99}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,555 |percentage=6.55% |change= {{decrease}}9.72 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=38,978|percentage=58.70%|change={{increase}}9.49}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,459 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.63 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |loser=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |swing= {{decrease}}13.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Dwarahat Assembly By-election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 elections in India#Uttarakhand|2004 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Dwarahat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pushpesh Tripathi]] |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=13,224 |percentage=42.08% |change={{increase}}5.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mahesh Singh|party=Indian National Congress|votes=8,160|percentage=25.96%|change={{increase}}2.29}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohan Singh Adhikari|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=4,359|percentage=13.87%|change={{decrease}}7.75}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jagat Singh Negi|party=Independent politician|votes=2,599|percentage=8.27%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prakash Chandra|party=Independent|votes=1,105|percentage=3.52%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chani Ram|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=726|percentage=2.31%|change={{increase}}0.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pramod Kumar|party=Independent|votes=661|percentage=2.10%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Viond Kumar|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=595|percentage=1.89%|change={{decrease}}8.67}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,064 |percentage=16.12% |change= {{increase}}2.80}} {{Election box turnout|votes=31,429|percentage=48.98%|change={{decrease}}0.21}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,125 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |loser=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |swing= {{increase}}5.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Dwarahat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bipin Chandra Tripathi]] |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=11,114 |percentage=36.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,112 |percentage=23.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwant Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,495 |percentage=21.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalit Mohan Joshi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,173 |percentage=10.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalit Mohan |party=Independent politician |votes=946 |percentage=3.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hira Singh Thapa |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=610 |percentage=2.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=598 |percentage=1.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,002 |percentage=13.32% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,048 |percentage=49.19% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,128 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Almora district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}

{{coord|29.78|79.43|display=title}}

[[Category:Almora district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2002]]

Kollam G. K. Pillai

2026-04-14T12:58:57Z

Svetloxf:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Distinguish|G. K. Pillai (actor)}}
{{family name hatnote|Kollam|G. K. Pillai|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kollam G. K. Pillai
| image = Kollam G.k Pillai.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = G Krishna Pilla
| birth_date = 29 August 1934
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = actor
| spouse = Madhavikutty
| children = 4
| parents =
| years_active = 1973–2016
| death_date = 30 January 2016 (Age 82) <ref>{{cite web|author=സ്വന്തം ലേഖകൻ |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/gk-pillai-demise.html |title=നടൻ കൊല്ലം ജി.കെ.പിള്ള അന്തരിച്ചു |website=Manoramaonline.com |date= |accessdate=2016-02-01}}</ref>
}}
'''Kollam G. K. Pillai''' was an Indian actor in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref name="malayalamcinema">{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalamcinema.com/star-details.php?member_id=152|title=Malayalam movie photos, Malayalam cinema gallery, Malayalam cinema actress, Malayalam cinema photos, New Malayalam cinema|publisher=malayalamcinema.com|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref> He acted in more than 50 films. He handled character roles and comedy roles during the 1970s and 1980s. He died on 30 January 2016.<ref name="mangalam1">{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/latest-news/401701 |title=ചലച്ചിത്ര-നാടക നടന്‍ കൊല്ലം ജി. കെ പിള്ള അന്തരിച്ചു |website=Mangalam.com |accessdate=2016-02-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201131034/http://www.mangalam.com/latest-news/401701 |archivedate=2016-02-01 }}</ref>

==Career==
He was a theater artist turned movie actor. He entered into the field of dramas in 1950 through school festivals. He became active in theater with the famous drama ''Dahajalam'' in 1962. He has performed many famous plays on more than 4000 stages; these include ''Dahajalam'', ''Neethipeedam'', ''Rajadoothu'', ''Ayiram Arakkilam'', and ''Accident''. ''[[Masappady Mathupillai]]'' (1973), directed by A. N. Thampi, was his debut movie. He worked as a conductor at [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]]. He acted in many television serials as well. He was not active in movies for a long time since the loss of his eyesight.<ref>{{cite journal|title=വെള്ളിവെളിച്ചത്തിൽ നിന്ന് കണ്ണിലെ ഇരുട്ടിലേക്ക് കൊല്ലം ജി.കെ. പിള്ള|journal=Malayala Manorama|date=21 September 2012|page=6}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He was born to [[Nair]] parents Ammachiveedu Radhabhavan K.P. Gopalapillai and Kunjiyamma on 29 August 1934 at Kollam. He was married to Madhavikuttiyamma and the couple had four children, Jayasree, Ushakumari, Vijayasree and Bindusree. He was settled at Sankaramangalam in [[Chavara]], [[Kollam]].<ref name="malayalachalachithram">{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/profiles.php?i=9035|title=Kollam GK Pillai|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref> He died on 30 January 2016 at his daughter's house [[Oyoor]] in [[Kollam]] due to age-related ailments. He was 82.<ref name="mangalam1"/>

==Partial filmography==
* ''Masappady Mathupillai'' (1973)
* ''[[Mucheettukalikkaarante Makal]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Pushpasharam]]'' (1976)
* [[Seemantha Puthran|''Seemanthaputhran'']] (1976)
* ''[[Mukkuvane Snehicha Bhootham]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Choola]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Sayoojyam]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Lajjavathi]]'' (1979)
* ''Chandrahasam'' (1980)
* ''[[Deepam (film)|Deepam]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Vedikkettu]]'' (1980)
* ''Ithikkara Pakki'' (1980)
* ''[[Ivar (1980 film)|Ivar]]''
* ''[[Sooryan (1982 film)|Sooryan]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Justice Raja]]'' as Rajasekharan's father (1983)
* ''[[Kurishuyudham]]'' as Paappi (1984) as Paappi
* ''[[Swanthamevide Bandhamevide]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Ivide Thudangunnu]]'' as PC Pasu Villa (1984)
* ''[[Aa Neram Alppa Dooram]]'' (1985)
* ''[[Ulsavapittennu|Ulsavappittennu]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Nagarangalil Chennu Raparkam]]'' (1990) as Karyasthan
* ''[[Arabikadaloram|Arabikkadaloram]]'' (1995)

==As a singer==
* Kothikkothi as Pushpasharam (1976)

===Television serials===
* Manasaputhri ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
* Pakida Pakida Pambaram ([[Doordarshan]])
*Nilavilakku ([[Surya Tv]])
*Hallo Kuttichathan ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])
*Autograph ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])

==See also==
* [[:ml:കൊല്ലം ജി.കെ. പിള്ള|കൊല്ലം ജി.കെ. പിള്ള in Malayalam Wikipedia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm10777855}}
* [http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Kollam%20GK%20Pillai Kollam G. K. Pillai at MSI]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, G. K., Kollam}}
[[Category:Male actors from Kollam]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

VH1 (India)

2026-04-12T10:28:01Z

Svetloxf: added stub - done

{{short description|Indian television channel}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = VH1
| logo = VH1 India 2016.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_caption = VH1 India Logo, originally used by the [[VH1]] brand itself until 2013
| logo_alt = VH1 India Logo
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2005|}}<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/mtv-zeeturnerbringvh1channel/122739/ |title=MTV, Zee Turner bring VH1 channel |date=2004-12-15 |publisher=Financial Express}}</ref>
| closed_date = {{End date and age|2025|df=y}}
| owner = [[Viacom18]] branding licensed from ([[Paramount Networks EMEAA]])
| parent = [[Viacom18]]
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] (downscaled to [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)
| country = India
| language = English
| area = [[Bangladesh]] [[Bhutan]] [[India]] [[Maldives]] [[Nepal]] [[Sri Lanka]]
| headquarters = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| website = {{URL|vh1.in}}
}}
'''VH1''' was an Indian [[pay television]] [[music television|music television channel]] and pop culture channel. It was launched in 2005 as a result of a joint venture between '''MTV India''' and '''Zee-Turner''', based on the [[VH1|American channel of the same name]].<ref name="autogenerated1" /> It broadcast shows like ''VH1 Top 10'', ''Hit Factory'', ''Good Morning VH1'', ''VH1 Playlist'' and ''VH1 Kpopp'd''. It also aired MTV international shows. It was owned by [[Viacom18]] under a license agreement with [[Paramount Networks EMEAA]]. VH1 and its HD feed were discontinued on March 15, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Akansha |date=2025-02-17 |title=JioStar shuts 9 channels including Comedy Central; introduces 8 new sports channels |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/mediainfo/television/jiostar-shuts-9-channels-including-comedy-central-introduces-8-new-sports-channels-8727716 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.vh1.in Official VH1 India Site]

{{Paramount Global}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vh1 India}}
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Defunct music video networks]]
[[Category:Defunct television channels in India]]
[[Category:Network18 Group]]
[[Category:Music television channels in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2005]]
[[Category:VH1]]
[[Category:Viacom18]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2025]]
[[Category:2025 disestablishments in India]]

Uyarndha Manithan

2026-04-11T22:38:46Z

Svetloxf: added new info - done

{{short description|1968 film by Krishnan–Panju}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Uyarndha Manithan
| image = Uyarndha Manithan poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Krishnan–Panju]]
| screenplay = [[Javar Seetharaman]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Uttar Purush]]''|Chitrakar}}
| producer = M. Murugan M. Kumaran [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] M. Balasubramanian [[M. S. Guhan]]
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Sowcar Janaki]]
| cinematography = [[P. N. Sundaram]]
| editing = S. Panjabi O. Narasimhan
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|1968|11|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 168 minutes<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cowie |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5U3AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Sivaji+Ganesan+%28Hero%29%22 |title=World Filmography |publisher=Tantivy Press |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-498-01569-4 |pages=285 |access-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419054340/https://books.google.com/books?id=u5U3AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Sivaji+Ganesan+%28Hero%29%22 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Uyarndha Manithan''''' ({{Translation|The Noble Man}}) is a 1968 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written by [[Javar Seetharaman]] and directed by [[Krishnan–Panju]]. The film was produced by [[A. V. Meiyappan]], [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]], M. Kumaran and M. Murugan under [[AVM Productions]]. It stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[Sowcar Janaki]], while [[S. A. Ashokan]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[Vanisri]] and [[Sivakumar]] play pivotal roles. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].

The film was Sivaji Ganesan's 125th as an actor. It was a remake of the 1966 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''[[Uttar Purush]]''. The plot revolves around a wealthy industrialist's son who secretly marries the daughter of his family estate's accountant, only for his father to discover it and burn down the estate along with his son's pregnant wife, who is inside. The remainder of the film reveals the truth behind how she and her progeny survive.

Released on 29 November 1968, ''Uyarndha Manithan'' went on to become a commercial success, with a theatrical run of over 125 days. The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] at the [[16th National Film Awards]] for [[P. Susheela]] for the song "Paal Polave", making her the inaugural recipient of that category. It also won four [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], including [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]] (First prize) and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for Krishnan–Panju.

== Plot ==
Rajalingam "Raju" is the son of a wealthy [[Madurai]]-based industrialist, Sankaralingam. Living with Raju is his driver and friend, Sundaram. While vacationing in his family estate at [[Kodaikanal]] with Sundaram and his family doctor, Gopal, Raju falls in love with a woman named Parvathi. Gopal too becomes smitten with Parvathi when he meets her whilst conducting her father's medical treatment. Parvathi, who knows Raju through her father, as he is also an accountant of Raju's family estate, reciprocates Raju's feelings. Gopal decides not to reveal his love for Parvathi to Raju for Raju's sake. Raju and Parvathi marry in secret with the help of Gopal and the consent of Parvathi's father. The couple lives together in Kodaikanal without disclosing the knowledge of their marriage to Raju's father, Sankaralingam.

Three months later, Parvathi becomes pregnant. Sankaralingam, fearing for his son's safety, arrives at Kodaikanal and becomes furious upon finding out Raju's marriage to Parvathi. He orders his henchmen to set the estate on fire with Parvathi and her father inside. Raju and Gopal rush to save Parvathi, but they are stopped by Sankaralingam's henchmen and are forcefully returned to Madurai, leaving Parvathi and her father for dead. A few months after returning to Madurai, Raju is forced to marry his cousin Vimala. After the marriage, Sankaralingam hands over his business affairs to Raju and dies. Nineteen years pass. Despite having mutual affection for each other, Raju and Vimala remain childless and Raju is unable to forget Parvathi.

Nineteen-year-old Sathyamurthy, who lives with his uncle Murugan, is unable to retain any job due to his honest nature. He becomes acquainted with Gopal, with whose recommendation he becomes Raju's personal house servant. When Sathyamurthy displays his mother's photograph at his house to pray for her, it is revealed that Sathyamurthy is the son of Raju and Parvathi. Parvathi had survived the accident, was cared for by Murugan and died a few years after giving birth to Sathyamurthy without divulging the identity of Raju to Sathyamurthy and Murugan. Sathyamurthy improves his reading and writing skills with the help of Sundaram's daughter, Gowri and the two fall in love. When Raju learns of their love, he approves of their marriage. Gopal learns that Sathyamurthy is Raju's son, but dies of a heart attack before revealing it.

Jealous of Sathyamurthy's influence on Raju, another servant Rathnam and his wife hide Vimala's diamond necklace in Sathyamurthy's suitcase in an effort to get rid of him. Vimala, upset at losing her necklace, searches the house for it. When Raju, Sundaram, Gowri, and Sathyamurthy return after attending a conference in Kodaikanal, Vimala, acting on Rathnam's provocation, orders that Sathyamurthy's suitcase is searched. When the necklace is found in it, Raju throws Sathyamurthy out of his house, despite Sathyamurthy proclaiming his innocence. Gowri then shows Parvathi's photograph to Raju, who is shocked to learn that Sathyamurthy is his own son. Raju reveals the truth about Parvathi to Vimala, who also accepts Sathyamurthy as her son. Before Raju and Vimala rush to bring Sathyamurthy back, Raju learns of a fire breaking out in one of his mills. Sathyamurthy, unhappy of being wrongly accused by Raju, attempts suicide by entering the burning mill. Raju saves Sathyamurthy in time and reveals the truth about his birth to him. The family is united and Sathyamurthy marries Gowri.

== Cast ==
Adapted from the opening credits:<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Uyarndha Manithan |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[AVM Productions]] |year=1968 |time=0:00 to 2:08 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
{{Cast listing|* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Rajalingam "Raju"
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Vimala{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=271}}
* [[S. A. Ashokan]] as Gopal
* [[Major Sundarrajan]] as Sundaram<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramji |first=V. |date=5 August 2018 |title=நண்பன் கதை... சினிமாவில் தனி மவுசு! |url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/4550-nanban-story-cinema-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181001051033/https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/4550-nanban-story-cinema-1.html |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=1 October 2018 |work=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Vanisri]] as Parvathi{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=271}}
* [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] as Gowri
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Rani
* [[G. Sakunthala]] as Pankajam Raman
* Seethalakshmi as Swarnam
* [[Sivakumar]] as Sathyamoorthy{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=271}}
* [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Rathnam
* [[V. Nagayya]] as Manickam
* [[S. V. Ramadas]] as Sankaralingam{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=272}}
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Murugan
* [[Poornam Viswanathan]] as Ranganathan
* [[S. N. Parvathy]] as Ranganathan's wife
* [[Typist Gopu]] as Kittu}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
V. A. P. Iyer, a [[Kolkata]]-based friend of [[AVM Productions]] founder [[A. V. Meiyappan]], told Meiyappan that a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film named ''[[Uttar Purush]]'' (1966) was running well. After watching the film, Meiyappan was impressed and decided to remake it into what would become ''Uyarndha Manithan''.<ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=1 May 2005 |title=முணுமுணுப்பு சிடுசிடுப்பு! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-05-01/kalki2005-05-01.pdf |access-date=3 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=68–71 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> [[Javar Seetharaman]] was hired as screenwriter, and made a few alterations to the screenplay, while the duo [[Krishnan–Panju]] (R. Krishnan and S. Panju) were signed to direct.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=212}} [[P. N. Sundaram]] was hired as the cinematographer,<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2010 |title=P N Sundaram passes away |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/P-N-Sundaram-passes-away/articleshow/5713557.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524073644/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/P-N-Sundaram-passes-away/articleshow/5713557.cms |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and Panju edited the film under the pseudonym "Panjabi".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=1 March 2015 |title=Remembering Panju |url=https://in.newshub.org/remembering-panju-12679787.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524075037/https://in.newshub.org/remembering-panju-12679787.html |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=18 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
When the script was ready, Meiyappan's sons and the film's co-producers [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]], M. Kumaran and M. Murugan narrated it to [[Sivaji Ganesan]] at his residence, Annai Illam.{{sfn |Saravanan |2013 |p=212}} Ganesan initially refused to play the main character, Raju, as he felt the supporting character Gopal had more impact than Raju, and offered to act as Gopal.<ref name="kalki" /> However, on Saravanan's insistence, Ganesan played the role of Raju,{{Sfn |Saravanan |2013 |p=213}} and the role of Gopal went to [[S. A. Ashokan]].{{Sfn |Saravanan |2013 |p=213}}<ref name="kalki" /> ''Uyarndha Manithan'' became the 125th film to star Ganesan,{{sfn |Ganesan |Narayana Swamy |2007 |p=174}} and his first with AVM since ''[[Pachhai Vilakku (1964 film)|Pachhai Vilakku]]'' (1964).{{Sfn |Saravanan |2013 |p=418}} When M. Saravanan asked about Ganesan's salary to Ganesan's younger brother V. C. Shanmugham, who spoke on Ganesan's behalf, Shanmugham said that Ganesan was willing to accept any amount that AVM could afford to offer. Taking this to be a vague statement as Shanmugham did not state Ganesan's salary properly, Saravanan discovered that Ganesan accepted {{INR}}{{formatnum:200000}} (US$26,667 in 1968){{refn|The exchange rate in 1968 was 7.50 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Werner Antweiler |year=2015 |title=Foreign Currency Units per 1 U.S. Dollar, 1948–2014 |url=http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/etc/USDpages.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512095429/http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/etc/USDpages.pdf |archive-date=12 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |publisher=PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service |language=en}}</ref>|name=exchange1968|group=Note}} for one of [[A. P. Nagarajan]]'s latest films.{{Sfn |Saravanan |2013 |page=216}} Since ''[[Thiruvilaiyadal]]'' (1965), Nagarajan's films were made in [[Eastmancolor]], and because ''Uyarndha Manidhan'' was made in black-and-white and costume designing for the film was less as compared to those of Nagarajan's films, M. Saravanan decided to pay {{INR}}{{formatnum:150000}} (US$20,000 in 1968){{refn|name=exchange1968|group=Note}} to Ganesan.{{Sfn |Saravanan |2013 |page=217}}<ref name="kalki" /> [[Sowcar Janaki]], who portrayed Raju's possessive wife Vimala, felt her character was depicted "negatively", so some changes to the character were made at her request.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1634434020766535681 |user=arunaguhan_ |title=An inspiring #AVMTrivia that highlights how we as women have a different perspective and can bring about powerful change in how stories are told. A wonderful story of how Sowkar Janaki ma'am boldly spoke her mind. One day during the filming of Uyarndha Manithan, she came to my great-grandfather's room to see him. In the movie her character was that of a possessive wife, who couldn't tolerate anyone else being more affection, but during shooting she felt she was being portrayed very negatively. She boldly requested him to please make some changes to the character. My great-grandfather made some changes in the dialogues and changed the role of the character she portrayed. In that era for an actress to speak her mind on a character portrayal to a Producer and for him to change the character, both were huge. An inspiration. |first=Guhan |last=Aruna |date=11 March 2023 |access-date=3 April 2024 |language=en |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/GT64x |archive-date=5 March 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was the debut film for [[Poornam Viswanathan]], who portrayed Vimala's father.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Umashankar |first=Sudha |date=17 October 1987 |title=Poornam: 'acting is a commitment' |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=vzY-6mMDyDUC&dat=19871017&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=19 |language=en |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began in [[Kodaikanal]]. The first song sequence shot was "Velli Kinnamthan", depicting Raju and Parvathi ([[Vanisri]]) in a boat.<ref name="sagaptham">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2019 |title=ஏவி.எம்., சகாப்தம் (21) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/avm-era-21/47407 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028194340/https://m.dinamalar.com/weeklydetail.php?id=47407 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The song "En Kelvikkenna Badhil", depicting Sathyamoorthy ([[Sivakumar]]) and Gowri ([[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]]), was shot at Kodaikanal and My Lady Garden, Madras (now [[Chennai]]).<ref name="thiraippada solai">{{Cite web |last=சிவகுமார் |author-link=Sivakumar |date=26 February 2021 |title=திரைப்படச்சோலை 9: உயர்ந்த மனிதன் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/638331-thiraippada-solai.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028194336/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/638331-thiraippada-solai.html |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> Meiyappan was not pleased with the original song sequence shown to him by the production unit as he felt it was incongruous to have two poor characters dressed well in modern attire, so it was reshot.<ref name="sagaptham" />{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|page=219}} The song "Paal Polave" was initially meant to be shot at Kodaikanal, but due to unfavourable weather conditions, the shoot had to be called off. The film's art director, A. K. Sekhar, therefore constructed a specially erected set at [[AVM Studios]] in Madras that resembled Kodaikanal's misty ambience.<ref name="sagaptham" /><ref name="TCRC">{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=P. V. |date=4 April 2017 |title=Filmy Ripples: Moonlit Movies (Part 2) |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/04/04/filmy-ripples-moonlit-movies-part-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180929055652/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/04/04/filmy-ripples-moonlit-movies-part-2/ |archive-date=29 September 2018 |access-date=29 September 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref> Ganesan assisted Ashokan for acting in the scene where Gopal dies of a heart attack.<ref name="kalki" />{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=213}}

It was speculated that a production company bought the remake rights of ''[[The Parent Trap (1961 film)|The Parent Trap]]'' (1961) in [[Hindi]] and titled it as ''Vapas''.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|page=217}}{{refn|Saravanan does not mention the production company's name.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|page=217}}|group=Note}} AVM had already acquired the rights to the film, which they were making under the title ''[[Do Kaliyan]]'' (1968).{{refn|''The Parent Trap'' was earlier remade in Tamil as ''[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]'' (1965). Both ''Do Kaliyaan'' and ''Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum'' were produced by AVM Productions.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|page=217}}|group=Note}} To avoid a clash with that film, AVM stalled production on ''Uyarndha Manithan'' for eight months to focus on ''Do Kaliyan''.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=217–218}} Ganesan, who thought that the project had been shelved, went to inform AVM that he would commence filming with another technical crew.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=8 May 2005 |title=டிபனுக்கு கீழே பணம்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-05-08/kalki2005-05-08.pdf |access-date=3 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=60–63 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> However, AVM convinced him that the shooting was only delayed, and paid him {{INR}}{{formatnum:50000}} (US$6,667 in 1968) in advance.{{refn|name=exchange1968|group=Note}} After the release of ''Do Kaliyan'', filming resumed.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=217–218}}{{refn|Ganesan completed his portions in ''[[Kaaval Dheivam]]'' (1969) for five days in between the schedules of ''Uyarndha Manithan'' upon M. Saravanan's permission.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|pages=221–222}}|group=Note}} When filming resumed after a year, Ganesan and Janaki refused to act along each other due to a fallout they had at a public forum but later relented after the producers convinced them. During the shoot, Ganesan noted Janaki's [[sari]] colour was changed as she wore a black sari in the film's previous shoot. Janaki initially refused to believe; however after seeing the rushes, she realised her error and apologised to Ganesan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 May 2016|title=செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 125 – சுதாங்கன்|url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/7596|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181001050055/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/7596|archive-date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018|work=[[Dinamalar]]|location=Nellai|language=ta|trans-title=Celluloid King Sivaji Part 125 – Sudhangan}}</ref>

For the scene where Raju beats and throws Sathyamurthy out of his house, multiple canes were kept as backup in case the cane with which Ganesan beats Sivakumar broke. Sivakumar was eventually left with his right arm dislocated after being kicked by Ganesan and falling over the sofa, and was hospitalised.<ref name="thiraippada solai" /> The climax, where Raju rushes to the burning mill to save Sathyamurthy, took four to six days to film.<ref name="thiraippada solai" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2016 |title=காவல்காரன் படத்தில் எம்.ஜி.ஆருக்கு தம்பியாக நடித்த சிவகுமார் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2016/04/23222320/1008092/Cinema-History-April-23.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001050802/https://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2016/04/23222320/1008092/Cinema-History-April-23.vpf |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=1 October 2018 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The final length of the film's prints were {{Convert|4591|m|ft}} long.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 1968 |title='UYARNTHA MANITHAN' (Celluloid) |url=https://postimg.cc/K4MwJd58 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028195058/https://postimg.cc/K4MwJd58 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2022 |publisher=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>

== Themes ==
In his 2015 book ''Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema'', Swarnavel Eswaran Pillai notes that the title ''Uyarndha Manithan'', meaning "A Honourable Man", epitomises the contradiction within the character of Raju, and in the trajectory of the rebel in ''[[Parasakthi (1952 film)|Parasakthi]]'' (1952), as he finally ends up a "meek/reactionary family man" who had forsaken his own offspring/lineage at a critical juncture.{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=272}}

== Music ==
The soundtrack and musical score for ''Uyarndha Manithan'' were composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], while the lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uyarndha Manithan |url=http://www.saregama.com/album/uyarndha-manithan_104712 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512125304/http://www.saregama.com/album/uyarndha-manithan_104712 |archive-date=12 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |website=[[Saregama]]}}</ref> Vaali worked on the film alongside ''[[Adimai Penn]]'' (1969) and felt that working on two films simultaneously was "torrid".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venugopal |first=K. V. |date=22 July 2017 |title=Vaali, an Astute Lyricist Who Excelled in Adversity |url=https://thewire.in/160425/vaali-mgr-sivaji-karunanidhi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180929062322/https://thewire.in/film/vaali-mgr-sivaji-karunanidhi |archive-date=29 September 2018 |access-date=29 September 2018 |website=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]]}}</ref> Mangalamurthy worked as the [[accordion]]ist for the song "Paal Polave", also known as "Naalai Intha Velai Paarthu".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=P. V. |date=26 June 2017 |title=Filmy Ripples – Accordion in Film Music |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/06/26/filmy-ripples-accordion-in-film-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181001064803/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/06/26/filmy-ripples-accordion-in-film-music/ |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=1 October 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref> In the composition and picturisation for the song "Andha Naal Gnaabagam", Viswanathan was inspired by a sequence in ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' (1964) in which [[Rex Harrison]]'s character sings with a walking stick in hand on a golf course.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2017 |title=தயாரிப்பாளர் ஏ.வி.எம்.குமரன் பேட்டி |trans-title=Producer A.V.M. Kumaran interview |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/producer-avm-kumaran-interviewed/39357 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122185520/https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/producer-avm-kumaran-interviewed/39357 |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=10 December 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|page=219}} M. Saravanan, in his book ''AVM 60 Cinema'', described the use of dialogues in "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" as something new to Tamil cinema.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|page=219}} The song was parodied by [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] and [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] in ''[[Dhool]]'' (2003),<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Dhool |date=2003 |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sri Suriya Movies}}</ref> and "Paal Polave" was parodied by [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] in ''[[Yuvan Yuvathi]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Yuvan Yuvathi |date=2011 |type=motion picture |publisher=[[Reliance Entertainment]] |time=1:38:58}}</ref>

The soundtrack was received positively by critics, with "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" and "Paal Polave" attaining popularity.<ref name="Remembering Vaali">{{Cite web |last=Sathiya Moorthy |first=N. |date=22 July 2013 |title=Remembering Vaali |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/column/remembering-vaali-south/20130722.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517051808/http://www.rediff.com/movies/column/remembering-vaali-south/20130722.htm |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=17 May 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TCRC" /> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the [[bossa nova]] portions in the song "Velli Kinnamthan".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=11 December 2009 |title=When MSV fans came together... |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/when-msv-fans-came-together/article660973.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512131806/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/when-msv-fans-came-together/article660973.ece |archive-date=12 May 2015 |access-date=12 May 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[News Today]]'' described "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" as "testament to the capabilities of two legends – [[T. M. Soundararajan|TM. Soundarajan]] and Sivaji Ganesan", adding that the "transition from Sivaji panting and TMS taking over is seamless".<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2015 |title=Nanbenda... A tribute to friendship around the world |url=http://newstodaynet.com/sites/default/files/E-Paper/1-Aug-NT-Pages_1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720043541/http://newstodaynet.com/sites/default/files/E-Paper/1-Aug-NT-Pages_1.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2016 |access-date=20 July 2016 |work=[[News Today]] |language=en}} [https://archive.org/details/1AugNTPages1 Alt URL]</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aththaanin Muththangal
| extra1 = [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 03:43
| title2 = Andha Naal Gnaabagam
| extra2 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| length2 = 05:47
| title3 = En Kelvikkenna Badhil
| extra3 = T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
| length3 = 03:45
| title4 = Velli Kinnamthan
| extra4 = T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
| length4 = 03:39
| title5 = Paal Polave (Naalai Intha Velai Paarthu)
| extra5 = P. Susheela
| length5 = 04:50
| title6 = Aththai Magal
| extra6 = P. Susheela
| length6 = 03:38
| total_length = 25:24
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Uyarndha Manithan'' was released on 29 November 1968.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=211}}{{Sfn|Pillai|2015|page=289}} An event was organised in Chennai to celebrate its release, and it was attended by [[Yashwantrao Chavan]], then the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran |title=Sivaji Ganesan: Profile of an Icon |publisher=Wisdom Tree |year=2015 |isbn=9788183281096 |pages=63 |orig-date=2008}}</ref> The film became a commercial success, completing a theatrical run of 125 days. The 125th day commemorative celebrations were held in the presence of [[C. N. Annadurai]], the then [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]. This was also the last function which Annadurai attended before his death.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=219–220}}{{Sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|pp=174–175}}

=== Critical reception ===
On 7 December 1968, the critic from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' lauded the performances of the cast members, particularly Ganesan, Janaki, Ashokan, Vanisri and Sundararajan along with Ramaswamy's comedy and Sundaram's cinematography, but criticised the "predictable" climax, editing and musical score, adding, "But directors Krishnan and Panju see to it that the picture does not fall apart. There lies their moderate success."<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 December 1968 |title=High-class histrionics |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19681207&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=4 March 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On Ganesan's performance, the Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'', wrote in a review dated 15 December 1968 that Ganesan proved that he could show both love and hate at the same time, and no more than words of 'natural acting' were enough for him.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=15 December 1968 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ''உயர்ந்த மனிதன்'' |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Uyarndha Manithan'' |magazine=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
The [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] was introduced in 1968, and Susheela won the award for her rendition of "Paal Polave".<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 1970 |title=16th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517061411/http://dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=17 May 2015 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref><ref name="Voice">{{Cite news |last=Balaganessin |first=M. |date=15 April 2006 |title=Voice defying age |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/voice-defying-age/article3190832.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216094409/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/voice-defying-age/article3190832.ece |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was also Ganesan's first film to win a [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards|Tamil Nadu State Film Award]].{{Sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|page=246}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Award
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee(s)
! Outcome
! {{tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[16th National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
| {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5"| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=http://psusheela.org/awards.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718233139/http://psusheela.org/awards.html |archive-date=18 July 2012 |access-date=1 October 2018 |website=psusheela.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 1970 |title=State film awards |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700301&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4"|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| rowspan="4"|2nd Tamil Nadu State Film Awards
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]] (First prize)
| [[A. V. Meiyappan]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| [[Krishnan–Panju]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| P. Susheela
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]]
| [[P. N. Sundaram]]
| {{won}}
|}

== Legacy ==
{{Quote box
|title =
|quote = My first national award came for the song ”Naalai intha velai parthu’ ["Paal Polave"] (from 1969’s [''Uyarndha''] ''Manithan''), which Vaali wrote. How can I ever forget that? I will never forget him.
|source = Susheela attributing her success for the song "Paal Polave" to Vaali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dore |first=Shalini |date=19 June 2013 |title=Tamil Songwriter Vaali Dies at 83 |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/global/tamil-songwriter-vaali-dies-at-83-1200565558/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517092154/http://variety.com/2013/film/global/tamil-songwriter-vaali-dies-at-83-1200565558/ |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=17 May 2015 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>
|width = 30%
|align = right
}}
The song "Andha Naal Gnaabagam" was considered one of the most memorable songs written by Vaali that featured in a Sivaji Ganesan film. [[Rediff.com|Rediff]] ranked it alongside "Madhavi Pon Mayilaal" from ''[[Iru Malargal]]'' (1967) and "Potri Paadadi Penne" from ''[[Thevar Magan]]'' (1992).<ref name="Remembering Vaali" />

Susheela chose "Paal Polave" along with "Unnai Ondru Ketpen"{{refn|From ''[[Puthiya Paravai]]'' (1964).<ref name="Voice" />|name=PP|group=Note}} and "Paartha Gnaabagam Illaiyo"{{refn|name=PP|group=Note}} as her favourite songs that she had recorded.<ref name="Voice" /> Singer [[Swarnalatha]], who made her debut with the song "Chinnanchiru Kiliye" from ''[[Neethikku Thandanai]]'' (1987), was chosen to sing the song by M. S. Viswanathan after he was impressed with her rendition of "Paal Polave", which he had asked her to sing during the song's audition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=8 May 2009 |title=My first break — Swarnalatha |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/my-first-break-swarnalatha/article3021458.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517060151/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/my-first-break-swarnalatha/article3021458.ece |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=17 May 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Ganesan's biographer T. S. Narayanswami included ''Uyarndha Manithan'' in his list of Ganesan's "all-time greats".{{Sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|page=147}} In March 2009, Sharadha Narayanan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated Sundarrajan's performance in the film among his other noted films in which he featured like ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'' (1966) and ''Gnana Oli''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayanan |first=Sharadha |date=26 March 2009 |title=From theatre to the big screen |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article50659.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517052903/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article50659.ece |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=17 May 2015 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> In her review of the 2011 film ''[[Seedan]]'', Malathi Rangarajan of ''The Hindu'' said that the premise of the film was "on the lines of Sivaji Ganesan's poignant ''Uyarndha'' [''Manithan'']".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=26 February 2011 |title=Seedan: In retro mode |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/seedan-in-retro-mode/article1492780.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517055231/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/seedan-in-retro-mode/article1492780.ece |archive-date=17 May 2015 |access-date=17 May 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Uyarndha Manithan'' was included with other Sivaji Ganesan-starrers in the compilation DVD ''8th Ulaga Adhisayam Sivaji'', featuring Ganesan's "iconic performances in the form of scenes, songs and stunts". It was released in May 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Iyer |first=Aruna V. |date=12 May 2012 |title=For the love of Sivaji |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/for-the-love-of-sivaji/article3412363.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704094406/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/for-the-love-of-sivaji/article3412363.ece |archive-date=4 July 2013 |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T. S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |oclc=297212002 |orig-date=2002}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HreICwAAQBAJ |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-212-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{AVM Productions}}
{{Krishnan–Panju}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}
{{Portal bar|Film|India|1960s}}
{{Good article}}

[[Category:1968 drama films]]
[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:1968 Indian films]]
[[Category:1968 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krishnan–Panju]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Javar Seetharaman]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

K. S. Puttaswamy

2026-04-10T03:58:51Z

Svetloxf: Adding the data more to come!

{{Short description|Indian judge (1926–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox judge
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable|Hon'ble Mr. Justice]]
| name = K. S. Puttaswamy
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| office1 = [[Judge]], [[High Court of Karnataka]]
| term_start1 = 28 November 1977
| appointer1 = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| term_end1 = 31 August 1986
| office2 = [[Vice-Chairman]], Central Administrative Tribunal, Bangalore Bench
| term_start2 = 1 September 1986
| term_end2 = 31 October 1989
| office3 = [[Chairman]], Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunal
| term_start3 = 1 November 1989
| term_end3 = 1 October 1993
| office4 = [[Chairman]], Andhra Pradesh Commission for Backward Classes
| term_start4 = 26 January 1994
| appointer4 = [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
| term_end4 = 1 October 2003
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1926|2|8}}
| birth_place = [[Korati]], [[Kolar district|Kolar]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2024|10|28|1926|2|8}}
| death_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| spouse = {{marriage|Thayamma|7 May 1952}}
| children = 9
| alma_mater = [[Maharaja's College, Mysore]] [[University Law College, Bangalore]]
}}

'''K. S. Puttaswamy''' (8 February 1926 – 28 October 2024) was an Indian judge of the [[Karnataka High Court]] who was also the [[Right to Privacy verdict|original petitioner]], challenging the [[Government of India]] over making [[Aadhaar]] mandatory.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in |url=http://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/HCKFormerJudges.asp |title=Former Hon'ble Judges of High Court of Karnataka |work=High Court of Karnataka |accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> He had filed a [[writ|writ petition]] in 2012 and over the last five years, 26 other petitions have been tagged along with his, challenging the scheme.<ref name="PuttaSwamyvsIndia">{{cite court|litigants=K. S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=2013|publisher=judis.nic.in|url=http://judis.nic.in/temp/494201232392013p.txt|archive-date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225122307/http://judis.nic.in/temp/494201232392013p.txt|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
Puttaswamy studied at the [[Maharaja's College, Mysore]] and the [[University Law College, Bangalore University|Government Law College]] in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Justice KS Puttaswamy, petitioner who prompted SC's historic 'Right to Privacy' order, passes away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Oct/28/justice-ks-puttaswamy-petitioner-who-prompted-scs-historic-right-to-privacy-order-passes-away |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=18 May 2025 |language=en |date=28 October 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
Puttaswamy enrolled as an [[advocate]] in 1952. He was appointed judge<ref>{{cite web |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice K.S. Puttaswamy |publisher=karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in |url=http://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/Images/judges/hck_formerjudges/details/KSPJ-Profile.jpg |format=jpg}}</ref> of the Karnataka High Court in November 1977. He was appointed the first vice-chairman of the Central Administrative Tribunal, Bangalore Bench, in September 1986. In November 1989, he was appointed the first Chairman of the Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunal constituted under the Uniform Administrative Tribunals Act. On 26 January 1994, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]] constituted the Backward Classes Commission under the Chairmanship of Justice K. S. Puttaswamy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Puttaswamy's exit from BC panel leads to piquant situation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2003/03/02/stories/2003030200950500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206002926/http://www.thehindu.com/2003/03/02/stories/2003030200950500.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2003-03-02 |archive-date=2018-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lessons from a survey |publisher=www.frontline.in |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1718/17180920.htm}}</ref>

==Jurisprudence & Litigation==

===Income-Tax Act, 1961===
In the case of B.S. Jayachandra vs Income-Tax Officer And Anr. on 24 March 1986,<ref>{{cite web|title=B.S. Jayachandra vs Income-Tax Officer And Anr |publisher=indiankanoon.org |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1377559/}}</ref> the petitioner urged that section 2(14)(iii) of the Act dealing with income "arising from sale of lands used for agricultural purposes" is outside the legislative competence of the centre as the subject is exclusively assigned to states either under Entry No. 18 or 46 of List II, State List of the 7th Schedule to the Constitution. Justice Puttaswamy observed that there isn't a difference and distinction between agricultural lands in India as defined in section 2(14) or lands used for agricultural purposes. The income from the sale of such lands will not be revenue income but will be income from a capital asset and will naturally be capital gains chargeable to tax on that basis and no other. In other words, the user of lands for agriculture or other purpose cannot and does not make any difference to decide the nature of the gains made on the transfer of the capital asset. In rejecting the contention of the petitioner, Justice Puttaswamy opined that the Union Parliament was competent to define the terms "agricultural income", "agricultural land" and "capital asset" and thus bring to tax capital gains arising or accruing from agricultural lands situated within municipal limits and eight kilometres of notified municipal areas, which had ceased to be agricultural lands.

===Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944===
The Assistant Collector of Central Excise, IDO No. 23, Bangalore-1 issued<ref>{{cite web|title=Alembic Glass Industries Limited vs Union Of India And Ors. on 23 January 1985 |publisher=indiankanoon.org |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1916269/}}</ref> show cause notice No. C. No. V. 23A(17)18/75 to the petitioner, M/s Alembic Glass Industries Ltd., Baroda, a public limited company, proposing to withdraw or revoke the provisional approval accorded by the Superintendent of Central Excise, Bangalore, which allowed the cost of ‘cartons’ or ‘packing materials’ supplied by its buyers to be not includible in the assessable value of excisable goods manufactured and supplied to its wholesale purchasers. The petitioner contended that the packing material supplied by buyers is not includible in the assessable value of ‘glass and glassware’ manufactured and supplied to the wholesale buyers under the Act and therefore, the impugned notice is manifestly illegal. Counsel for the Central Government, appearing for the respondents contended that the Court should decline to interfere with the show cause notice on the ground that it is open to the petitioner to show cause, which the authority is bound to examine and decide and that the ultimate order to be made was appealable under the Act. Rejecting this objection by the respondent, Justice Puttaswamy observed that "this case for reasons that are not necessary to examine, has been pending before this Court for more than 9 years. If at this stage, this Court were to decline to interfere, though there is no dispute on facts, the final determination of the question that arises is likely to take another decade" and proceeded to examine the merits. Holding that ‘packing materials’ are supplied by the buyers only and that the same is neither manufactured nor purchased by the petitioner to supply its manufactured articles to the wholesale purchasers, Justice Puttaswamy dismissed the writ petition and quashed the impugned show cause notice issued by the Assistant Collector.

===Central Sales Tax Act, 1956===
M/s. Mac Charles Brothers (Private) Limited had undertaken the construction of a five star hotel on premises No. 28, Sankey Road, Bangalore City<ref>{{cite web|title=Mac Charles Brothers (Private) vs The Commercial Tax Officer on 4 December 1984 |publisher=indiankanoon.org |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/628116/}}</ref> and made an application before the Commercial Tax Officer "CTO", X Additional Circle, Bangalore under the Central Sales Tax "CST" Act of 1956 and the Central Sales Tax (Registration and Turnover) Rules, 1957 for registration in dealing with the articles detailed in an annexure to that application. On an examination of the same, the CTO issued a registration certificate on 23 January 1984, to be valid from 9 October 1983, for certain specified goods only and impliedly rejected the same for all other goods. In so far as the CTO rejected the said application, the petitioner approached the Court in Writ Petition No. 15158 of 1984 which was disposed of by the Court on 10 October 1984, with a direction to the CTO to redetermine the matter. In compliance of that order, the CTO heard the petitioner and made an order on 18 October 1984 accepting the case of the petitioner for "cold storage and refrigeration equipment" and rejecting the same for all other goods. The petitioner has challenged the order dated 18 October 1984, of the CTO to the extent it has rejected its application and has sought for a writ in the nature of [[mandamus]] to the CTO to include all goods specified in its application. In quashing the impugned order except to the extent of "building materials and stones" and issuing a writ in the nature of mandamus to the respondent to include all other items refused in that order in the certificate of registration already issued to the petitioner under the CST Act, Justice Puttaswamy noted "When I examine the claim made by the petitioner with reference to every one of the items for which it had registration, it is not possible to hold that they are not integrally connected with the ultimate production of goods. In this view, the rejection by the CTO was unjustified and illegal."

===Right to Privacy, 2012===
Retired Justice K.S. Puttaswamy turned litigant<ref>{{cite news | title=Aadhaar infringes on our fundamental right to privacy | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/aadhaar-infringes-on-our-fundamental-right-to-privacy/article11889978.ece | date=30 September 2013 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=Deepa | last=Kurup | accessdate=5 November 2018 }}</ref> for the first time in his legal career, spanning five decades, when he petitioned the Supreme Court against the linking of state benefits to the UID scheme saying that much money has been wasted on the ‘dangerous’ project. Arguing passionately that "It is a clear violation of citizens privacy and among various other reasons this program was rejected by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance, but still the Government of India went ahead with it. How can this awfully wrong program roll out without a clear legislation?", Justice K.S. Puttaswamy filed the PIL for scrapping the Aadhar project in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=The man who intends to stop Aadhar in its tracks |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=24 September 2013 |publisher=www.business-standard.com |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/the-man-who-intends-to-stop-aadhar-in-its-tracks-113092400932_1.html|last1=Badrinath |first1=Raghuvir }}</ref> On 24 August 2017, a nine judge bench of the Supreme Court of India in a remarkable and wide ranging 547-page judgment<ref>{{cite web|title=In the Supreme Court of India Civil Original Jurisdiction Writ Petition (Civil) No. 494 of 2012 Justice K S Puttaswamy (Retd.), and Anr. Versus Union of India and Ors |publisher=supremecourtofindia.nic.in |url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/supremecourt/2012/35071/35071_2012_Judgement_24-Aug-2017.pdf}}</ref> ruled unanimously that privacy is a constitutionally protected right in India in the case of Puttaswamy v Union of India. With the Supreme Court declaring the Right to Privacy a fundamental right, Justice K.S. Puttaswamy said "I am completely vindicated<ref>{{cite web|title=KS Puttaswamy, original petitioner in right to privacy case, hails SC verdict |date=25 August 2017 |publisher=www.hindustantimes.com |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bengaluru-original-petitioner-hails-supreme-court-verdict-on-right-to-privacy/story-wOyMGxs47W2zrwJOd1CgVO.html}}</ref> by the decision. My contention had always been that Aadhaar enrolment can be made voluntary, in which case I would not have petitioned".<ref>{{cite web|title=Case Law, India: Puttaswamy v Union of India, Supreme Court recognises a constitutional right to privacy in a landmark judgment – Hugh Tomlinson QC |date=4 September 2017 |publisher=inforrm.org |url=https://inforrm.org/2017/09/04/case-law-india-puttaswamy-v-union-of-india-supreme-court-recognises-a-constitutional-right-to-privacy-in-a-landmark-judgment-hugh-tomlinson-qc/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet KS Puttaswamy, the 92-Year Old Retired Judge, Who Fired the First Shot in the Right to Privacy Case |date=24 August 2017 |publisher=www.news18.com |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/meet-ks-puttaswamy-the-92-year-old-retired-judge-who-fired-the-first-shot-in-the-right-to-privacy-case-1500417.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Right to Privacy: 91-year-old retd Justice KS Puttaswamy is the face behind legal history |date=25 August 2017 |publisher=indianexpress.com |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/right-to-privacy-justice-k-s-puttaswamy-retd-vs-union-of-india-91-year-old-judge-is-the-face-behind-legal-history-4812440/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why I want to give this man a hug |work=www.rediff.com |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/column/why-i-want-to-give-this-man-a-hug/20170911.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Man Behind Our Right to Privacy |publisher=www.youtube.com |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySEEJNcrknU}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chit Chat With K.S Puttaswamy, Retired Judge, First Petitioner In The Privacy Case | ಸುದ್ದಿ ಟಿವಿ |publisher=www.youtube.com |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aL_nRvRThsc}}</ref> In February 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Compliance With Data Protection Norms Necessary For Proceeding With National Biometric ID Project : Kenya High Court|url= https://www.livelaw.in/foreign-international/compliance-with-data-protection-norms-necessary-for-proceeding-with-national-biometric-id-project-kenya-hc-152479 }}</ref> the High Court of Kenya at Nairobi referred to the Indian Supreme Court judgment [[in Justice]] K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) and Another v. Union of India and Others to hold that biometric data is necessary for identification purposes and adopted the findings in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) on the necessity of different types of biometric data in identification. This became one of the landmark judgments in the [[history of India]].

==Views and opinions==

===Dams and Environment===
Justice Puttaswamy felt that courts cannot and should not interfere with the construction of dams. He wrote "In my view, the one and only question, on which we should focus our attention is, that in the construction of dams in future, the principle of the "greatest good to the greatest number" which necessarily results in some hardship and inconvenience to a few cannot be avoided, must alone be the guide.<ref>Need to Avoid Doctrinaire Approach, Freedom First, No. 433, April–June 1997 http://freedomfirst.in/uploads/issues/pdf/433.pdf</ref> He advocated for the construction of smaller dams, rather than mighty ones, with lesser ecological effects and wrote that even this, is a matter for experts to decide, not for the courts. He suggested that before undertaking construction of any dam, there should be a complete, full and impartial investigation of all aspects. In the course of investigation, all the affected parties, the environmentalists and the general public must be involved and their views and objections duly considered by the experts and decided on merit and not on any collateral considerations. Once that is done, dams should be constructed, with speed and dispatch, avoiding all escalations in costs. Observing that courts cannot and should not interfere with the construction of dams, he said "With all due respects, the interference by our Supreme Court in the Narmada Dam matter is not legally sound and justified". He observed that the principle of "equitable apportionment", "protection of existing users" or "first in time, first in right" evolved in settlement of international rivers or inter-state river disputes, firmly established and applied, can neither be doubted nor given a go by based on a doctrinaire approach.

===Interlinking of Rivers===
Justice Puttaswamy wrote that he asked a leading Swiss expert on dams, Raymond Lafitte, when he was visiting New Delhi, what his view was on China’s Three Gorges Project.<ref>Interlinking of Rivers in India, Freedom First, No. 563, May 2014, http://freedomfirst.in/uploads/issues/pdf/563.pdf</ref> Raymond Lafitte thought for a while and said that it was a most laudable venture because after just two decades it would take to build, commission and operate, 50 million people downstream would be able to cultivate their lands without flooding and be assured of regular releases. When Justice Puttaswamy questioned ‘what about the over one million people that have been deprived of their homes and have to be resettled elsewhere on account of this mega project?’, he replied ‘That is the price we must pay for future progress!’. In response, Justice Puttaswamy told the Swiss expert that "the Three Gorges Project – beneficial as it is in the long run – can never be a possibility in India, under a democracy based on individual rights and freedoms." Three Gorges project implementation had commenced in 1999 and the same may take another 10 years to complete. Justice Puttaswamy observed that what has been stated by the Swiss expert, applies equally to the Interlinking of Inter State Rivers in India. Justice Puttaswamy hoped to stimulate an intellectual discussion by intellectuals, experts and the public expressing their views, either for or against the same and forwarding them to the Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources for further action. He observed that this topic is of utmost importance and aspired to generate a useful discussion leading to a public demand for the implementation of interlinking of rivers which will benefit the people of India as a whole.

==Death==
Puttaswamy died in [[Bengaluru]] on 28 October 2024, at the age of 98.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-28 |title=Former Karnataka HC judge K.S. Puttaswamy, who challenged Aadhaar scheme, passes away in Bengaluru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/former-karnataka-hc-judge-ks-puttaswamy-who-challenged-aadhaar-scheme-passes-away-in-bengaluru/article68805694.ece |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puttaswamy, K. S.}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Judges of the Karnataka High Court]]
[[Category:Maharaja's College, Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:Privacy activists]]
[[Category:University Law College, Bangalore University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Kolar district]]

List of Dhobis

2026-04-09T21:30:37Z

Svetloxf: added details - done

{{short description|List of notable of Dhobis}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
'''Dhobi''' known in some places as '''Dhoba''' or '''Rajaka''' are Indo-Aryan and Dravidian tribe group in India laundry and agriculture caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/ideologie/data/CensusIndia/CensusIndia1901/CensusIndia1901EthnographicAppendices.pdf|title=Census of India - 1901}}</ref>

== Historical people ==
'''Saints'''
*[[Virabhadra]] – Fierce and fearsome form of the Hindu god Shiva <ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=L K A Iyer|title=The Mysore tribes and Castes|year=1932|publisher=Mittal Publication|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zseCqGFRpyQC&q=agasa+caste&pg=RA1-PA1}}</ref>
*[[Tiru Kurippu Thonda Nayanar]] – One of the 63 Nayanmars <ref>{{cite book|title=Shaivam org|url=https://shaivam.org/devotees/thirukkuripputh-thonda-nayanar}}</ref>
*[[Bogar]] – One of the 18 Siddhars <ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=karthikeyan|title=Siddhas of Tamilnadu|publisher=notion press|year=2016|isbn=9789352065523|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4HDDAAAQBAJ}}</ref>

== Bureaucracy ==
*[[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]]
*[[D. Roopa|Roopa Divakar Moudgil]]
*[[Anil Kant]]

== Politics ==
'''President & Prime Ministers'''
*[[Ranasinghe Premadasa]] – 3rd President of Sri Lanka (1989–1993) and Prime Minister (1978–1989) <ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Murari|title=The Prabhakaran Saga|publisher=Sage publication|year=2012|isbn=9788132116783|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxdBDwAAQBAJ&dq=ranasinghe+premadasa+was+a+washerman+caste&pg=PT92}}</ref>

'''Ministers & MP'''
*[[Sajith Premadasa]]
*[[Shyam Rajak]]
*[[Gulabo Devi]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Srimathi Gulab Devi|url=https://upvs-ssl.semanticbits.com/member?memberId=19821}}</ref>
*[[Basavaraju Saraiah]]
*[[Arjun Charan Sethi]]
*[[Rajesh Diwakar]]
*[[Lalit Mohan Suklabaidya]]
*[[Dumar Lal Baitha]]
*[[Kameshwar Baitha]]
*[[Kailash Baitha]]
*[[Kamal Kishor]]
*[[Yashvir Singh]]
*[[Umakant Rajak]]
*[[Dumar Lal Baitha]]
*[[Hemlata Divakar]]
'''MLA's & MLC's'''
*[[M. Ethirajulu (politician)|M.Ethirajulu]]

== Social reformers ==
*[[Gadge Maharaj]] – Indian mendicant-saint and social reformer<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Bhatt, Gopal|title=Land and People|publisher=Kalpaz publication|year=2006|page=566|isbn=9788178353562|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IleHyBDWbzEC&dq=gadge+maharaj+was+a+dhobi&pg=PA566}}</ref>
*[[Chakali Ilamma]] – Indian revolutionary leader during the Telangana Rebellion<ref>{{Cite web|last=Teja|first=Charan|date=10 September 2020|title=Remembering Chakali Ailamma on death anniversary, a key figure in Telangana history|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/remembering-chakali-ailamma-death-anniversary-key-figure-telangana-history-132773|access-date=23 November 2020|website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== Warriors and kings ==
*[[Madivala Machideva]] – A great warrior of the 12th century, he fought valiantly against King Bijjala's army to protect manuscripts of Vachanas<ref>{{cite book|title=lingayatreligion|url=https://lingayatreligion.com/Sharanaru/Madivala_Machideva.htm}}</ref>
*[[Chintamoni Dhoba]] – The ruler of [[Dhalbhum]] region and established capital at Ambikanagar<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=India. Superintendent of Census Operations, West Bengal|title=District census book westbengal|year=1965|page=141|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mBEENCJBcgC&q=chintamoni+dhoba}}</ref>
*[[Neelasothaiyan]] – The Commander-in-Chief of King Periyathambiran <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arayampathy.lk/research/121-552017|title=பெரிய தம்பிரான் - நீலாசோதையன் வழிபாடு | விஜய்|access-date=18 January 2022|archive-date=19 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719020557/http://www.arayampathy.lk/research/121-552017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Military ==
* [[Rosli Dhobi]] – Malay Sarawakian nationalist from Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia during the British crown colony era in that state
* [[Ram Chander (MVC)|Ram Chander]] – MVC was a civilian who was awarded the Mahavir Chakra during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/decorated-washerman-waited-for-promised-land-till-his-last-breath/205641.html |title=Decorated washerman waited for promised land till his last breath |newspaper=The Tribune |date=7 March 2016 |author=Vijay Mohan |archive-date=10 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110005208/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/decorated-washerman-waited-for-promised-land-till-his-last-breath/205641.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Freedom fighters ==
* [[Nathu Dhobi]] – To lead the Jallianwala Bagh struggle
* [[A. M. Saravanam]] – Indian Congress politician.

== Sports ==
*[[Mamata Kanojia]]
*[[Rahul Kanojia]]
*[[Shyamji Kanojia]]
*[[Preeti Rajak]]

== Cinema ==
*[[Usha Rajak]]
*[[Rajkumar Kanojia]]
*[[Rokesh]]
*[[Bullet Prakash]]

== Business ==
* [[V. K. Thanabalan]] – Chairman & Managing Director of Madura Travel Service (P) Ltd, Editor & Publisher madura welcome<ref>{{cite book|title=Vkt balan history|url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Success/2618/titan-of-tours.html}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhobi}}
[[Category:Lists of Indian people by community]]

Dileep Singh of Jhabua

2026-03-31T05:32:55Z

Svetloxf: bio

{{short description|Raja of Jhabua from 1942 to 1965}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Dileep Singh
| title = [[Raja]]
| image = Dilip Singh.png
| succession = [[Raja]] of [[Jhabua State|Jhabua]]
| reign = {{circa|1942}} – 23 February 1965
| predecessor = [[Udai Singh of Jhabua|Udai Singh]]
| successor = Ajit Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date|1905|02|26|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1965|02|23|1905|02|26|df=yes}}
| house = {{flagicon image|Jhabuaflag.png}} [[Jhabua State|Jhabua]]
| father = Kesar Singh
| dynasty = [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]]
}}
'''Dileep Singh''' (or '''Dilip Singh''') was the [[Raja]] of [[Jhabua State|Jhabua]] from 1942 until his death in 1965.

== Early life, family and education ==
He was born on 26 February 1905 to Kesar Singh, the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of Khawasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=JHABUA |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jhabua.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609150214/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jhabua.html |archive-date=2017-06-09 |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=KHAWASA |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/khawasa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107183631/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/khawasa.html |archive-date=2018-01-07 |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref> He had his education at [[Agra]] and [[Aligarh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khosla K. R. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.1706/ |title=The States Estates and Who's Who In India and Burma |date=1942 |publisher=The Imperial Publishing Co., Railway Road, Lahore |pages=213}}</ref> He was subsequently placed at [[Indore]] for training in revenue and settlement work, and for judicial training, he was placed in the district court at [[Mhow]].<ref name=":0" /> He began his career as a railway magistrate and was thereafter appointed kamdar of Ratanmal by the [[Malwa Agency|Malwa Political Agency]].<ref name=":0" /> When, on account of Udai Singh's inability to rule properly, the [[British government of India|Government of India]], on 29 September 1934, removed him from power and took [[Jhabua State|Jhabua]] into administration, a Council of Administration was founded to govern the state's affairs.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Nilsen |first=Alf Gunvald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eo1xDwAAQBAJ |title=Adivasis and the State: Subalternity and Citizenship in India's Bhil Heartland |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-49653-7 |pages=85 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Indian Government |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69363/ |title=Rulers Leading Families And Officials In The States Of Central India Edition Fifth 1935 |date=1935 |pages=156–157}}</ref> He was appointed its president.<ref name=":0" /> Under his supervision, the council restructured the administrative framework and operations of the state.<ref name=":1" /> He increased salaries for the revenue staff and assigned assistants to revenue officers and surveyors.<ref name=":1" /> He established two new patwari circles and appointed a new [[patwari]] in each [[tehsil]].<ref name=":1" /> He appointed a tadvi or a headman in each village.<ref name=":1" /> He increased the number of excise inspectors as well as their salaries.<ref name=":1" />

==Succession==
When, in 1942, [[Udai Singh of Jhabua|Udai Singh]], the [[Raja]] of [[Jhabua State|Jhabua]], died, the question arose as to who would succeed him, as he had neither left a male heir of his body nor an adopted son.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WD0WAQAAMAAJ |title=Indian Information |date=1943 |publisher=Bureau of Public Information of the Government of India |pages=152 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAUnAQAAIAAJ |title=The Feudatory and zemindari India |date=1942 |pages=559 |language=en}}</ref> In this case, the then [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]], after carefully considering all aspects of the matter and acting in the best interests of the state, exercised his discretion with the approval of the [[Secretary of State for India]] and selected Dileep as his successor.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

==Reign==
He signed the [[Instrument of Accession|instrument of accession]] on 15 August 1947, whereby he acceded his state to the [[Dominion of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhabua State - Instrument of Accession and Standstill Agreement signed between H.H. Raja Dileepsing, Ruler of Jhabua State and the Dominion of India |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/archives/jhabua-state-instrument-accession-and-standstill-agreement-signed-between-hh-raja |website=INDIAN CULTURE}}</ref> He was made [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]] in 1947.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/whos-who_1956/ |title=Who's Who 1956 |date=1956 |others=Internet Archive |pages=1570 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/whos-who_1950/ |title=Who's Who 1950 |date=1950 |others=Internet Archive |pages=1475 |language=English}}</ref>

==Death==
He died on 23 February 1965 and was succeeded by his son, Ajit Singh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Government of India |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.1965-09-11.79208/ |title=Union Government, Weekly, 1965-09-11, Part II-Section 3-Sub-Section(i), Ref. 1303 |date=1965-09-11 |pages=1364}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Dileep}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama

2026-03-21T15:56:22Z

Svetloxf: refine content per standard format and added references based on references

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
The '''Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama''' is an award given every year by the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] (Kerala Literary Academy) to [[Malayalam]] writers for writing a [[drama]] of literary merit. It is one of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award#Awards|twelve categories]] of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]].{{hsp}}<ref>[http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Play.htm "Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516212809/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Play.htm |date=16 May 2018 }} (in Malayalam). [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref><ref>[http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3065&Itemid=2379 "Literary Awards"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618062155/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3065&Itemid=2379 |date=2012-06-18 }}. [[Government of Kerala]]. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref>

==Awardees==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Book !! Author !! Image
|-
| 1958 || ''Azhimukhathekku'' || [[N. Krishna Pillai]] || [[File:NKrishnaPillai.jpg|80px]]
|-
|1959 || ''[[Mudiyanaya Puthran]]'' || [[Thoppil Bhasi]] ||
|-
| 1960 || ''Puthiya Akasam Puthiya Bhumi'' || [[Thoppil Bhasi]] ||
|-
| 1961 || ''Iblisukalude Naattil'' || [[N. P. Chellappan Nair]] ||
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Kanchana Sita (play)|Kanchana Sita]]'' || [[C. N. Sreekantan Nair]] ||
|-
|1963 || ''Kakkapponnu'' || [[S. L. Puram Sadanandan]] ||
|-
|1964 || ''Rail Palangal'' || [[G. Sankara Pillai]] || [[File:Shankarapillai.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1965 || ''Kafir'' || [[K. T. Muhammed]] || [[File:Bust of KT Mohammed.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1966 || ''Prethalokam'' || [[N. N. Pillai]] || [[File:Nnpillaidrama.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1967 || ''Swathi Thirunal'' || [[Kainikkara Padmanabha Pillai]] ||
|-
| 1968 || ''Pulivaal'' || P. K. Veeraraghavan Nair ||
|-
| 1969 || ''U. D. Clarke'' || P. Gangadharan Nair ||
|-
| 1970 || ''Mathruka Manushyan'' || [[Kainikkara Kumara Pillai]] ||
|-
| 1971 || ''Ahalya'' || P. R. Chandran ||
|-
| 1972 || ''Pralayam'' || [[Omchery N. N. Pillai]] ||
|-
| 1973 || ''Kuppikkalukal'' || P. V. Kuriakose ||
|-
| 1974 || ''Chaverppada'' || Aziz ||
|-
| 1975 || ''Nadaka Chakram'' || [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]] || [[File:Kavalam-Narayana-Panicker.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1976 || ''Samasya'' || K. S. Namboothiri ||
|-
| 1977 || ''Vishwaroopam'' || [[Surasu]] ||
|-
| 1978 || ''Jwalanam'' || [[C. L. Jose]] ||
|-
|1979 || ''Sakshi'' || [[T. N. Gopinathan Nair]] ||
|-
|1980 || ''Jathugriham'' || [[Vaikom Chandrasekharan Nair]] || [[File:MALAYALAM WRITER Vaikom chandrasekaran nair.JPG|80px]]
|-
|1981 || ''Perumthachan'' || [[T. M. Abraham]] || [[File:TM ABRAHAM.dcbookfest kochi 2012.JPG|80px]]
|-
|1982 || ''Gopuranadayil'' || [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] || [[File:Mt_vasudevan_nayar.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1983 || ''Agni'' || [[Vayala Vasudevan Pillai]] ||
|-
| 1984 || ''Nikumbhila'' || Kadavoor G. Chandran Pillai ||
|-
|1985 || ''Souparnika'' || [[Narendra Prasad]] ||
|-
|1986 || ''Dakshinayanam'' || T. P. Sukumaran ||
|-
| 1987 || ''Moonnu Vayassanmar'' || C. P. Rajasekharan ||
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Pulijanmam]]'' || [[N. Prabhakaran]] || [[File:N Prabhakaran-image.jpg|80px]]
|-
|1989 || ''Paavam Usman'' || [[P. Balachandran]] || [[File:P. Balachandran.jpg|80px]]
|-
|1990 || ''Swathi Thirunal'' || [[Pirappancode Murali]] || [[File:Pirappancode murali.JPG|80px]]
|-
|1991 || ''Abhimatham'' || Vasu Pradeep ||
|-
| 1992 || Mandelakku Snehapoorvam Winny || P. M. Antony ||
|-
| 1993 || ''Mounam Nimitham'' || N. N. Ganesh ||
|-
|1994 || ''Narabhojikal'' || Paravur George ||
|-
| 1995 || ''Samathalam'' || [[Mullanezhi]] ||
|-
| 1996 || ''Madhya Dharanazhi'' || [[Joy Mathew]] || [[File:Joy_mathew_actor.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 1997 || ''Rajasabha'' || [[Ibrahim Vengara]] ||
|-
| 1998 || ''Gandhi'' || [[K. Satchidanandan]] || [[File:Sachidanandan.jpg|80px]]
|-
|1999 || ''Vanibham'' || N. Sasidharan ||
|-
| 2000 || ''Che Guevara'' || [[Karivellur Murali]] || [[File:Karivellur Murali.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 2001 || ''Padaprashnangalkkidayil Avalum Ayaalum ''|| Satheesh K. Satheesh ||
|-
| 2002 || ''Amaravati Sub-treasury'' || Sreemoolanagaram Mohan ||
|-
| 2003 || ''Vannanthye Kaanaam'' || [[Thuppettan]] || [[File:തുപ്പേട്ടന്‍.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 2004 || ''Viralppadu'' || Sri Janardhanan ||
|-
| 2005 || ''Ororo Kaalathilum'' || Sreeja K. V. ||
|-
| 2006 || ''Sadrisha Vakyangal'' || C. Gopan ||
|-
| 2007 || ''Dravida Nritham'' || [[Francis T. Mavelikkara]] ||
|-
| 2008 || ''Pathinettu Natakangal'' || Jayaprakash Kuloor || [[File:Jayaprakash kuloor.jpg|80px]]
|-
| 2009 || ''Swathanthryam Thanne Jeevitham'' || K. M. Raghavan Nambiar ||
|-
| [[2010 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2010]] || ''Maram Peyyunnu'' || [[A. Santha Kumar]] ||
|-
| [[2011 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2011]]<ref name=2011award>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/sahitya-akademi-awards-announced/article3715418.ece "Sahitya Akademi awards announced"]. ''The Hindu''. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref> || ''Cholliyattam'' || Balasubrahmanian ||
|-
| [[2012 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2012]]<ref name=2012award>[http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=137916 "Jayachandran Nair and Santhosh Kumar get Sahithya academy award "] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715223147/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=137916 |date=2013-07-15 }}. ''Mathrubhumi''. 11 July 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref> || ''Mariman Kanni'' || M. N. Vinayakumar ||
|-
| [[2013 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2013]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Sahitya-Akademi-award-for-Meeras-Aarachar/articleshow/45583043.cms|title=Sahitya Akademi award for Meera's 'Aarachar'|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 December 2014|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref> || ''Jinnu Krishnan'' || Rafeekh Mangalassery ||
|-
| [[2014 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2014]]<ref>{{cite press release |author= |title=2014 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/Akademi%20Award%20-%202014_new.pdf |location=[[Trichur]] |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |date=29 February 2016 |access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref> || ''Ettettu Malayalan '' || V. K. Prabhakaran || [[File:V.K. Prabhakaran.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[2015 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2015]]<ref>{{cite press release |author= |title=2015 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/08-08-2016/Award2015.pdf |location=[[Trichur]] |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |date=28 March 2017 |access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref> || ''Mathi'' || Jino Joseph ||
|-
| [[2016 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2016]]<ref>{{cite press release |author= |title=2016 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/07-01-2018/Award_2016_new.pdf |location=[[Trichur]] |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |date=21 February 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref> || ''Lalla'' || Samkutty Pattomkary ||
|-
| [[2017 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2017]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/01/23/kerala-sahitya-akademi-award-v-j-james-nireeswaran.html |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi award goes to V J James's 'Nireeswaran' |newspaper=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=23 January 2019 |accessdate=31 July 2022}}</ref> || ''Swadeshabhimani'' || [[S. V. Venugopan Nair]] ||
|-
| [[2018 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2018]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/akademi-fellowships-for-mukundan-sankara-pillai/article30369408.ece |title=Akademi fellowships for Mukundan, Sankara Pillai |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 December 2019 |accessdate=31 July 2022}}</ref> || ''Choottum Koottum'' || Rajmohan Neeleswaram ||
|-
|rowspan="2| [[2019 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2019]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kerala-sahitya-akademi-fellowships-for-p-valsala-nvp-unithiri/article33843100.ece |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi fellowships for P. Valsala, N.V.P. Unithiri |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 February 2021 |accessdate=31 July 2022}}</ref> || ''Arangile Mathsyagandhikal'' || [[Sajitha Madathil]] || [[File:Sajitha_mathathil.jpg|80px]]
|-
| ''Eli Eli Lama Sabaktani'' || [[Jisha Abhinaya]] ||
|-
| [[2020 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2020]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/akademi-fellowship-for-sethu-perumbadavam/article35960287.ece |title=Akademi fellowship for Sethu, Perumbadavam |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=17 August 2021 |accessdate=31 July 2022}}</ref> || ''Dwayam'' || Sreejith Poyilkkavu ||
|-
| [[2021 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2021]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-sahitya-akademi-fellowships-for-vaisakhan-kp-sankaran/article65689827.ece |title=State Sahitya Akademi fellowships for Vaisakhan, K.P. Sankaran |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 July 2022 |accessdate=31 July 2022}}</ref> || ''Namukku Jeevitham Parayam'' || Pradeep Mandur ||
|-
| [[2022 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2022]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/books/kerala-sahitya-akademi-awards-announced-v-shinilal-s-sambarkkakranthi-wins-best-novel-1.8688660 |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards announced, V Shinilal's 'Sambarkkakranthi' best novel |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |date=30 June 2023 |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> || ''Kumaru'' || [[Emil Madhavi]] || [[File:Emil_madhavi.jpg|80px]]
|-
| [[2023 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2023]]<ref name="2023 Award">{{Cite news |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi fellowships announced |language= |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Jul/26/kerala-sahitya-akademi-fellowships-announced |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=26 July 2024 |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref> || ''E for Oedipus'' || Gireesh P. C. ||
|-
| [[2024 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2024]]<ref name="2024 Award">{{Cite news |title=K.V. Ramakrishnan, Ezhacheri Ramachandran selected for Kerala Sahitya Akademi fellowships |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kv-ramakrishnan-ezhacheri-ramachandran-selected-for-kerala-sahitya-akademi-fellowships/article69740893.ece |access-date=23 November 2025 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 June 2025}}</ref> || ''Pithalashalabham'' || Sasidharan Naduvil ||
|}

==References==
<references />
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Awards established in 1958]]
[[Category:Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary awards]]
[[Category:Dramatist and playwright awards]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in Kerala]]

Dwijesh Dutta Majumdar

2026-03-20T14:57:00Z

Svetloxf: stub...

{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Dwijesh Dutta Majumder
| image =
| caption = Dwijesh Dutta Majumder
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1932|02|10}}
| birth_place = Dharmaghar District, [[Sylhet]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2020|06|27|1932|02|10}}
| death_place = Kolkata, India
| spouse = Dr. Sabita Dutta Majumder (deceased Feb 2008)
| children = 3
| fields = Computer Science (Pattern Recognition, Knowledge-based computing)
| workplaces = [[Indian Statistical Institute]]
| alma_mater = [[Rajabazar Science College]] ([[University of Calcutta]])
| awards =
}}

'''Dwijesh Kumar Dutta Majumder''' [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] (10 February 1932 – 27 June 2020) was professor emeritus in the Computer and Communication Sciences Division of the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], [[Kolkata]] and Honorary Director-Secretary of the [[Institute of Cybernetics Systems and Information Technology]] in the same city. Additionally, he was an emeritus Scientist on the [[Council of Scientific & Industrial Research]], operated by the [[Government of India]].

== Life and career ==
Dwijesh Kumar Dutta Majumder obtained a BSc (Hons) in physics honors (1952) with a First Class First distinction from [[Guwahati University]] before studying at the [[Rajabazar Science College]], [[University of Calcutta]], where he was awarded an MSc (Tech.) in 1955 and a PhD in 1962–1963 in Radiophysics and Electronics.<ref name="insa"/>

Dutta Majumder worked for the Computer Development and Research Division of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and there helped to develop magnetic memory systems and other digital electronic circuits. In particular, he had a role in building the first solid state transistorised computer in India, which was called [[ISI-JU-1]].<ref name="insa"/>

In 1964, Dutta Majumder visited the [[University of Michigan]], USA, to work with [[N. R. Scott]] on computer system design, [[pattern recognition]] and problems related to both computer and human memory, He was awarded a UNDP Fellowship for this purpose.<ref name="insa"/>

Upon his return to India after his post-doctoral fellowship in the United States, Dutta Majumder subsequently became Head of the Electronics and Communication Sciences Unit (ECSU), Professor-in-Charge of Physical & Earth Sciences Division, and Joint Secretary and Joint Director of ISI. Upon his retirement as the head of ECSU, he was honored to accept a professor emeritus position at the newly formed Knowledge-based Computer Systems (KBCS) division of ISI, which he helped build from the ground up. Dutta Majumder has published over 500 research papers and several books.<ref name="insa"/>

Prof. Dutta Majumder died on 27 June 2020, at the age of 88.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dwijesh Dutta Majumder: A Life in Computers |url=https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/55535 |website=NIScPR |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prof. Dwijesh Dutta Majumder |url=https://www.forevermissed.com/profddm/about |website=Forever Missed |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>

== Honours and awards ==
Dutta Majumder has received recognition for his work, including:<ref name="insa"/>
*Norbert Wiener Award (1977)
*[[International Association for Pattern Recognition|IAPR]] Fellow (1994): First Indian fellow.
*P. C. Mahalanobis Medal (1993)
*J. L. Nehru Birth Centenary Lecture Award of INSA (1994)
*Shri Om Prakash Bhasin Award (1996)
*Frank George Research Award (1999)
*Rathindra Purashkar from Viswa Bharathi University (2001)
*Professor Jnan Chandra Ghosh Award from Bengal Science Association (2003)
*Life-time Achievement Award from INAE (2004)
*Norbert Wiener Award of Excellence from Western Oklahoma State College (WOSC) (2005)
*National Vasvik Award (2008)

Majumdar was elected as a Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]], the [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] and the [[Academy of Sciences for the Developing World]].<ref name="insa">{{cite web|url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/detail/N86-0930|title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail|website=www.insaindia.res.in}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book |editor-first=Dutta |editor-last=Majumder |title=Pattern Recognition and Digital Techniques |publisher=Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta, Indian Statistical Institute |year=1978}}
*{{cite book |first1=Dutta |last1=Majumder |first2=J. |last2=Das |title=Digital Computer's Memory Technology |publisher=Wiley Eastern India Ltd |year=1982}}
*{{cite book |editor-first=D. Dutta |editor-last=Majumder |title=Advances In Information Science and Technology |publisher=Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta, Indian Statistical Institute |year=1982}}
*{{cite book |first1=D. Dutta |last1=Majumder |first2=S. K. |last2=Pal |authorlink2=Sankar Kumar Pal |title=Fuzzy Mathematical Approach in Pattern Recognition |publisher=Wiley Eastern India Ltd. |year=1985}}
*{{cite book |first1=D. Dutta |last1=Majumder |first2=B. B. |last2=Chaudhuri |authorlink2=Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri |title=Two-tone Image Processing and Recognition |publisher=Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-224-0484-5}}
*{{cite book |first1=D. Dutta |last1=Majumder |first2=B. |last2=Chanda |title=Digital Image Processing and Analysis |publisher=Prentice Hall India |year=2003}}
*{{cite book |editor1-first=D. Dutta |editor1-last=Majumder |editor2-first=B. |editor2-last=Chanda |title=Pattern Directed Information Analysis |publisher=New Age International |year=2009}}
*{{cite book |editor1-first=D. Dutta |editor1-last=Majumder |editor2-first=Debjani |editor2-last=Chakraborty |editor3-first=S. |editor3-last=Nanda |title=Fuzzy Logic and Its Application in Technology and Management |publisher=Narosa Publishing House |year=2007}}
*{{cite book |first1=D. Dutta |last1=Majumder |first2=S. |last2=Karan |chapter=Magnetic Properties of Ceramic Nanocomposites |title=Ceramic Nanocomposites |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |year=2013}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.isical.ac.in/~premi17/acommittee.php|author=Bibek Sharma|website=isical.ac.in|title=PReMI-2017 Kolkata, India|accessdate=7 November 2017}}
*{{cite web|url=http://library.isical.ac.in:8080/jspui/browse?type=author&value=Majumdar%2C+Dwijesh+Dutta|website=library.isical.ac.in:8080|title=DSpace at Indian Statistical Institute: Browsing DSpace|accessdate=7 November 2017}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Prof_Dutta_Majumder|title=Prof Dwijesh Dutta Majumder | Indian Statistical Institute | ISI|website=ResearchGate|accessdate=7 November 2017}}
*{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication|author=Dhar, S.|date=1998|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170237679|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcJv1XzIWSMC&pg=PA32|page=32|accessdate=7 November 2017}}
*http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03772063.1969.11485755
*http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03772063.1970.11486585
*http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03772063.1962.11486338
*http://library.isical.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10263/899/1/IJOP-37-1-1963-P67-100.pdf
*{{cite web|url=http://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/m/Majumder:D=_Dutta|website=dblp.uni-trier.de|title=dblp: D. Dutta Majumder|accessdate=7 November 2017}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majumdar, Dwijesh Dutta}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:People from Sylhet]]

Dalai Lama

2026-03-13T16:31:53Z

Svetloxf: general improve structure after review also and improved wording

{{Short description|Head of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism}}
{{For-multi|the current Dalai Lama|14th Dalai Lama|previous Dalai Lamas|List of Dalai Lamas|other uses|Dalailama (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Very long|date=January 2026|words=13,717}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Dalai Lama
| coatofarms = 
| coatofarms_article = 
| coatofarms_link = 
| incumbent = [[14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama]]
| incumbentsince = 22 February 1940
| image = The Dalai Lama in 2012.jpg
| first = [[1st Dalai Lama|Gendün Drubpa]], 1st Dalai Lama (posthumously awarded after 1578)
| formation = {{Start date and age|1391}}
| residence = {{ubl|[[McLeod Ganj]], Dharamshala, India (1959–present)|[[Potala Palace]] (1649–1959, winter residence)|[[Norbulingka]] (1783–1959, summer residence)}}
| appointer = 
| website = {{URL|dalailama.com/}}
| native_name = {{bo-textonly|ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་}}
}}

The '''Dalai Lama''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|d|æ|l|aɪ|_|ˈ|l|ɑː|m|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|d|ɑː|l|aɪ}};<ref name="ddef1">{{cite web |title = Definition of Dalai Lama in English |url = http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Dalai-Lama |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130727211946/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Dalai-Lama |url-status = dead |archive-date = 27 July 2013 |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries |access-date = 2 May 2015 |quote = The Dalai Lamas are believed by Tibetan Buddhists to be manifestations of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig, the Bodhisattva of Compassion and the patron saint of Tibet. Bodhisattvas are realized beings, inspired by the wish to attain complete enlightenment, who have vowed to be reborn in the world to help all living beings.}}</ref><ref name="ddef">{{cite encyclopedia |url = http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dalai%20lama |title = Dalai lama |dictionary = Dictionary.com |access-date = 12 March 2014 |quote = (formerly) |archive-date = 26 February 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140226010015/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dalai%20lama |url-status = live }}</ref> {{bo|t=ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་|w=Tā la'i bla ma|lang=yes}} {{IPA|bo|táːlɛː láma|}}) is the head of the [[Gelug]] school of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. The term is part of the full title "Holiness Knowing Everything [[Vajradhara]] Dalai Lama"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NYY36cUr9EC&pg=PA17|title=达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制|isbn=978-7-5085-0272-4|author=陈庆英|date=2003|publisher=五洲传播出版社|quote=So he was given the title of "Holiness Knowing Everything Vazirdala Dalai Lama". "Holiness" means transcending the ordinary and entering the holy, that is, beyond the world; "Knowing Everything" is a Tibetan Buddhist title for monks who have achieved the highest achievements in the exoteric teachings; "Vazirdala" is the transliteration of the Sanskrit word Vajradhra, which is translated into Tibetan as rdo-rje-vchange (Dojijiang) and translated into Chinese as Vajra, which is a Tibetan Buddhist title for monks who have achieved high achievements in the esoteric teachings. (于是赠给尊号「圣识一切瓦齐尔达喇达赖喇嘛」的称号，「圣」是超凡入圣，即超出尘世间之意；「识一切」是藏传佛教对在显宗方面取得最高成就的僧人的尊称；「瓦齐尔达喇」是梵文Vajradhra的音译，译成藏语是rdo- rje- vchange（多吉绛），译成汉语是执金刚，这是藏传佛教对于在密宗方面取得早高成就的僧人的尊称。)}}</ref> given by [[Altan Khan]]. He offered it in appreciation to the Gelug school's then-leader, Sonam Gyatso, who received the title in 1578 at Yanghua Monastery.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NYY36cUr9EC&pg=PA17|title=达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制|isbn=978-7-5085-0272-4|author=陈庆英|date=2003|publisher=五洲传播出版社|quote=The name Dalai Lama was created in 1578 AD, in that year, Sonam Gyatso was invited by Anda (Altan Khan), the leader of the Tümed Mongols, to Mongol area (蒙古地方) to promote Buddhism. At Yanghua Monastery in [sic] Qinghai, Sonam Gyatso gave an extensive exposition of the theories of Tibetan Buddhism, which made the Mongol leader admire him and gave him the title "Holiness Knowing Everying Vajradhara Dalai Lama" title. (达赖喇嘛的名号产生于公元1578年。当时格鲁派大活佛索南嘉措应土默特蒙古首领顺义王俺达汗邀请到蒙古地方弘扬佛法。在青海仰华寺，索南嘉措对藏传佛教的理论进行了广泛的阐述，使这位蒙古首领对他产生了仰慕之心，于是赠给尊号「圣识一切瓦齐尔达喇达赖喇嘛」的称号。)}}</ref> At that time, Sonam Gyatso had just given teachings to the Khan, and so the title of Dalai Lama was also given to the entire [[tulku]] lineage.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} Sonam Gyatso became the [[3rd Dalai Lama]], while the first two tulkus in the lineage, the [[1st Dalai Lama]] and the [[2nd Dalai Lama]], were posthumously awarded the title.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Since the time of the [[5th Dalai Lama]] in the 17th century, the Dalai Lama has been a symbol of unification of the state of [[Tibet]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Religions in the Modern World |last=Woodhead |first=Linda |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2016 |isbn = 978-0-415-85881-6 |location=Abingdon |page=94 }}</ref> The Dalai Lama was an important figure of the Gelug tradition, which was dominant in Central Tibet, but his religious authority went beyond sectarian boundaries, representing Buddhist values and traditions not tied to a specific school.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations |at=Kindle locations 2519–2522 |publisher=Taylor and Francis }}</ref> The Dalai Lama's traditional function as an ecumenical figure has been taken up by the [[14th Dalai Lama|fourteenth Dalai Lama]], who has worked to overcome sectarian and other divisions in the exile community and become a symbol of Tibetan nationhood for Tibetans in Tibet and in exile.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cantwell and Kawanami |title=Religions in the Modern World |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-85880-9 |pages=94 |year=2016 }}</ref> He is [[14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso]], who escaped from [[Lhasa]] in [[1959 Tibetan uprising|1959 during the Tibetan uprising]] and lives in exile in [[Dharamshala]], India.

From 1642 to 1951, the Dalai Lama led the secular government of [[Tibet]]. During this period, the Dalai Lamas or their Kalons ([[regent]]s) led the Tibetan government in Lhasa, known as the [[Ganden Phodrang]]. The Ganden Phodrang government officially functioned as a protectorate under Qing China rule and governed all of the [[Tibetan Plateau]] while respecting varying degrees of autonomy.<ref name="smith107149">Smith 1997, pp. 107–149.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Perkins |first=Dorothy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KMQeAgAAQBAJ&q=%22Tibet%22+%22Protectorate%22+of+the+Qing&pg=PA528 |title=Encyclopedia of China: History and Culture |date=2013-11-19 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-93562-7 |language=en}}</ref> After the Qing dynasty collapsed in 1912, the [[Beiyang government|Republic of China (ROC)]] claimed succession over all former Qing territories, but struggled to establish authority in Tibet. The [[13th Dalai Lama]] declared that Tibet's relationship with China had ended with the [[1911 Revolution|Qing dynasty's fall]] and proclaimed independence, though this was not formally recognized under international law.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnZqktKhU3YC&pg=PA50 |title=Nomads of Western Tibet: The Survival of a Way of Life |date=1990-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07211-4 |language=en}}</ref> In 1951, the 14th Dalai Lama ratified the [[Seventeen Point Agreement]] with China. In 1959, he revoked the agreement. He initially supported the [[Tibetan independence movement]], but in 1974, he rejected calls for Tibetan independence.<ref name="auto">{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/longform/dalai-lama-60-year-exile/|title=The Dalai Lama Has Been the Face of Buddhism for 60 Years. China Wants to Change That|magazine=Time|access-date=11 November 2025|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917223508/https://time.com/longform/dalai-lama-60-year-exile/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2005, he has publicly agreed that Tibet is part of China and not supported separatism.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-15 |title=Tibet part of China, Dalai Lama agrees |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/tibet-part-of-china-dalai-lama-agrees-20050315-gdkxfo.html |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref>

The extent and nature of the Dalai's secular and religious power remains contested. One common interpretation is the ''mchod yon'' (མཆོད་ཡོན), often translated as "[[priest and patron]] relationship". It describes the historical alliance between Tibetan Buddhist leaders and secular rulers, such as the Mongols, Manchus, and Chinese authorities. In this relationship, the secular patron (''yon bdag'') provides political protection and support to the religious figure, who in turn offers spiritual guidance and legitimacy. Proponents of this theory argue that it allowed Tibet to maintain a degree of autonomy in religious and cultural matters while ensuring political stability and protection.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Simon T. |title=A 'realist' hypocrisy? Scripting sovereignty in Sino–Tibetan relations and the changing posture of Britain and the United States |journal=Asian Ethnicity |date=2011-10-01 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=323–335 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14631369.2011.605545 |doi=10.1080/14631369.2011.605545 |issn=1463-1369|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Critics, including [[Sam van Schaik]], contend that the theory oversimplifies the situation and often obscures the political dominance more powerful states exert over Tibet. Historians such as [[Melvyn Goldstein]] have called Tibet a vassal state or tributary, subject to external control.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldstein |first=Melvyn C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Upwq0I-wm7YC&q=y%C3%B6ndag&pg=PA44 |title=A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State |date=2023-11-15 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-91176-5 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Yuan dynasty]], Tibetan lamas held significant religious influence, but the Mongol Khans had ultimate political authority. Similarly, under the Qing Dynasty, which established control over Tibet in 1720, the region enjoyed a degree of autonomy, but all diplomatic agreements recognized Qing China's sovereign right to negotiate and conclude treaties and trade agreements involving Tibet. Since the 18th century, Chinese authorities have asserted the right to oversee the selection of Tibetan spiritual leaders, including the Dalai and [[Panchen Lama]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1994-03-01 |title=Opinion {{!}} Tibet Couldn't Lose What It Never Had |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/01/opinion/l-tibet-couldn-t-lose-what-it-never-had-332046.html |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> This practice was formalized in 1793 through the "[[29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schwieger |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHoyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186 |title=The Dalai Lama and the Emperor of China: A Political History of the Tibetan Institution of Reincarnation |date=2015-03-31 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-53860-2 |language=en}}</ref>

According to Tibetan Buddhist doctrine, the Dalai Lama chooses his reincarnation. In recent years, the 14th Dalai Lama has opposed Chinese government involvement, emphasizing that [[Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama|his reincarnation]] should not be subject to external political influence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-01 |title=Dalai Lama likely to announce he will not reincarnate to save Tibetan Buddhism from China |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/dalai-lama-likely-to-announce-he-will-not-reincarnate-to-save-tibetan-buddhism-from-china-436910/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-02 |title=Dalai Lama sorry for saying female successor would have to be 'attractive' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/dalai-lama-sorry-saying-female-successor-would-have-be-attractive-n1025756 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>{{TOC limit|3}}

==Names==
"Dalai Lama" is part of the full title "圣识一切瓦齐尔达喇达赖喇嘛" ("Holiness Knowing Everything [[Vajradhara]] Dalai Lama") given by [[Altan Khan]]. "Dalai Lama" combines the [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] word {{lang|xgn|dalai}} ({{gloss|ocean}}){{sfn|Schwieger|2014|p=33}} and the [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] word {{Bo-textonly|lang=bo|བླ་མ་}} ({{lang|bo-Latn|bla-ma}}) ({{gloss|master, guru}}).<ref name="陈庆英2005_p16">{{cite book |author=陈庆英 |title=达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA16 |year=2005 |publisher=五洲传播出版社 |isbn=978-7-5085-0745-3 |pages=16– }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Oliver |first=Joan Duncan |title=Buddhism: An Introduction to the Buddha's Life, Teachings, and Practices |date=April 2019 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|St. Martin's Essentials]] |isbn=978-1-250-31368-3 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=42 |language=en-US}}</ref> The word {{lang|xgn|dalai}} corresponds to the Tibetan word ''gyatso<ref>Laird 2006, p. 143.</ref>'' or ''rgya-mtsho'',''<ref name="EB" />'' and, according to Schwieger, was chosen by analogy with the Mongolian title {{lang|mn-Latn|Dalaiyin qan}}{{sfn|Schwieger|2014|p=33}} or {{lang|mn-Latn|Dalaiin khan}}.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} Others suggest it may have been chosen in reference to the breadth of the Dalai Lama's wisdom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=Dalai Lama {{!}} Meaning, People, Facts, & History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dalai-Lama |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The Dalai Lama is also known in Tibetan as the ''Rgyal-ba Rin-po-che'' ({{gloss|Precious Conqueror}})<ref name="EB">{{Britannica|150076|Dalai Lama}}</ref> or simply the ''Rgyal-ba''.<ref name="Petech">{{cite book |last=Petech |first=Luciano |title=The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. |publisher=Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |year=1977 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48901732/1977_Kingdom_of_Ladakh_c_950-1842_AD_by_Petech_s.pdf |via=academia.edu}}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>{{rp|23}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of Tibet}}

{{Tibetan Buddhism sidebar}}

=== Origins in myth and legend ===
Since the 11th century, it has been widely believed in Central Asian Buddhist countries that [[Avalokiteśvara]], the [[bodhisattva]] of compassion, has a special relationship with the people of Tibet and intervenes in their fate by incarnating as benevolent rulers and teachers such as the Dalai Lamas.<ref>{{cite book |author = Thubten Jinpa |title = The Book of Kadam |publisher = Wisdom Publications |isbn = 978-0-86171-441-4 |chapter-url = http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction |chapter = Introduction |quote = Available textual evidence points strongly toward the 11th and 12th centuries as the period during which the full myth of Avalokiteśvara's special destiny with Tibet was established. During this era, the belief that this compassionate spirit intervenes in the fate of the Tibetan people by manifesting as benevolent rulers and teachers took firm root |date = 15 July 2008 |access-date = 29 May 2015 |archive-date = 29 May 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150529174226/http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction |url-status = live }}</ref> ''The Book of Kadam'',<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thubten Jinpa|title=The Book of Kadam|publisher=Wisdom Publications|isbn=978-0-86171-441-4|url=http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam|date=15 July 2008|access-date=29 May 2015|archive-date=29 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529174200/http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Mullin 2001, p. 39.</ref> the main text of the [[Kadampa]] school from which the [[1st Dalai Lama]] hailed, is said to have laid the foundation for the Tibetans' later identification of the Dalai Lamas as incarnations of Avalokiteśvara.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thubten Jinpa|title=The Book of Kadam|publisher=Wisdom Publications|isbn=978-0-86171-441-4|chapter-url=http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction|chapter=Introduction|quote=Perhaps the most important legacy of the book, at least for the Tibetan people as a whole, is that it laid the foundation for the later identification of Avalokiteśvara with the lineage of the Dalai Lama|date=4 July 2008|access-date=29 May 2015|archive-date=29 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529174226/http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Tuttle, Gray|author2=Schaeffer, Curtis R.|title=The Tibetan History Reader|date=2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-51354-8|page=335|quote=In Atiśa's telling, Dromtön was not only Avalokiteśvara but also a reincarnation of former Buddhist monks, laypeople, commoners, and kings. Furthermore, these reincarnations were all incarnations of that very same being, Avalokiteśvara. Van der Kuijp takes us on a tour of literary history, showing that the narrative attributed to Atiśa became a major source for both incarnation and reincarnation ideology for centuries to come." From: "The Dalai Lamas and the Origins of Reincarnate Lamas. Leonard W. J. van der Kuijp"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Thubten Jinpa|title=The Book of Kadam|publisher=Wisdom Publications|isbn=978-0-86171-441-4|chapter-url=http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction|chapter=Introduction|quote='The Book' gives ample evidence of the existence of an ancient, mythological Tibetan narrative placing the Dalai Lamas as incarnations of Dromtönpa, of his predecessors and of [[Avalokiteshvara]]|date=15 July 2008|access-date=29 May 2015|archive-date=29 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529174226/http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction|url-status=live}}</ref> It traces the legend of the bodhisattva's incarnations as [[List of rulers of Tibet|early Tibetan kings and emperors]] such as [[Songtsen Gampo]] and later as [[Dromtönpa]] (1004–1064).<ref>{{cite book |author=Thubten Jinpa |title=The Book of Kadam |publisher=Wisdom Publications |isbn=978-0-86171-441-4 |chapter-url=http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction |chapter=Introduction |quote=For the Tibetans, the mythic narrative that began with Avalokiteśvara's embodiment in the form of Songtsen Gampo in the seventh century—or even earlier with the mythohistorical figures of the first king of Tibet, Nyatri Tsenpo (traditionally calculated to have lived around the fifth century B.C.E.), and Lha Thothori Nyentsen (ca. third-century c.e.), during whose reign some sacred Buddhist scriptures are believed to have arrived in Tibet... continued with Dromtönpa in the eleventh century |date=15 July 2008 |access-date=29 May 2015 |archive-date=29 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529174226/http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction |url-status=live }}</ref> This lineage has been extrapolated by Tibetans up to and including the Dalai Lamas.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thubten Jinpa|title=The Book of Kadam|publisher=Wisdom Publications|isbn=978-0-86171-441-4|chapter-url=http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction|chapter=Introduction|quote=For the Tibetans, the mythic narrative... continues today in the person of His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama|date=15 July 2008|access-date=29 May 2015|archive-date=29 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529174226/http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/book-kadam/introduction|url-status=live}}</ref>

Thus, according to such sources, an informal line of succession of the present Dalai Lamas as incarnations of [[Avalokiteśvara]] stretches back much further than the 1st Dalai Lama, [[Gendun Drub]]; as many as sixty persons are enumerated as earlier incarnations of Avalokiteśvara and predecessors in the same lineage leading up to Gendun Drub. These earlier incarnations include a mythology of 36 Indian personalities, ten [[List of rulers of Tibet|early Tibetan kings and emperors]] all said to be previous incarnations of Dromtönpa, and fourteen further Nepalese and Tibetan yogis and sages.<ref>Stein (1972), p. 138–139|quote=the Dalai Lama is ... a link in the chain that starts in history and leads back through legend to a deity in mythical times. The First Dalai Lama, Gedün-trup (1391–1474), was already the 51st incarnation; the teacher Dromtön, Atiśa's disciple (eleventh century), the 45th; whilst with the 26th, one Gesar king of India, and the 27th, a hare, we are in pure legend</ref> In fact, according to the "Birth to Exile" article on the 14th Dalai Lama's website, he is "the seventy-fourth in a lineage that can be traced back to a Brahmin boy who lived in the time of Buddha Shakyamuni."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dalai Lama – Birth to Exile|url=http://www.dalailama.com/biography/from-birth-to-exile|website=His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet|publisher=Office of the Dalai Lama|access-date=28 October 2015|quote=Thus His Holiness is also believed to be a manifestation of Chenrezig, in fact the seventy-fourth in a lineage that can be traced back to a Brahmin boy who lived in the time of Buddha Shakyamuni|archive-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307105420/http://www.dalailama.com/biography/from-birth-to-exile|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Avalokiteśvara's "Dalai Lama master plan" ===
According to the [[14th Dalai Lama]], long ago Avalokiteśvara had promised the [[Buddha]] to guide and defend the [[Tibetan people]]. In the late Middle Ages, his master plan to fulfill this promise was the stage-by-stage establishment of the Dalai Lama institution in Tibet.<ref name=Laird138>Laird 2006, p. 138.</ref>

First, Tsongkhapa established three great monasteries around Lhasa in the province of [[Ü (region)|Ü]] before he died in 1419.<ref name=norb216>Norbu 1968, p. 216.</ref> The 1st Dalai Lama soon became Abbot of the greatest one, [[Drepung]], and developed a large popular power base in Ü. He later extended this to cover Tsang,<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 59.</ref> where he constructed a fourth great monastery, [[Tashilhunpo Monastery|Tashi Lhunpo]], at [[Shigatse]].<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 66–67.</ref> The [[2nd Dalai Lama|2nd]] studied there before returning to Lhasa,<ref name=Laird138 /> where he became Abbot of Drepung.<ref name=TN1>Smith 1997, p. 106.</ref> Having reactivated the 1st's large popular followings in Tsang and Ü,<ref>Laird 2006, p. 138–139.</ref> the 2nd then moved on to southern Tibet and gathered more followers there who helped him construct a new monastery, [[Chokorgyel Monastery|Chokorgyel]].<ref name=shak91>Shakabpa 1984, p. 91.</ref> He established the method by which later Dalai Lama incarnations would be discovered through visions at the "oracle lake", [[Lhamo Lhatso]].<ref name="laird139">Laird 2006, p. 139.</ref>

The [[3rd Dalai Lama|3rd]] built on his predecessors' fame by becoming Abbot of the two great monasteries of Drepung and [[Sera Monastery|Sera]].<ref name="laird139" /> The Mongol leader [[Altan Khan]], first Ming Shunyi King, hearing of his reputation, invited the 3rd to [[Mongolia]], where he converted the King and his followers to Buddhism, covering a vast tract of central Asia. This brought most of Mongolia into the Dalai Lama's sphere of influence, founding a spiritual empire which largely survives to the modern age.<ref>Laird 2006, pp. 140–145.</ref> After being given the Mongolian name 'Dalai',<ref>MacKay 2003, p. 18.</ref> he returned to Tibet to found the great monasteries of [[Litang County#History|Lithang]] in Kham, eastern Tibet and [[Kumbum Monastery|Kumbum]] in Amdo, north-eastern Tibet.<ref>Laird 2006, p. 146.</ref>

The [[4th Dalai Lama|4th]] was then born in Mongolia as the great-grandson of [[Altan Khan]], cementing strong ties between Central Asia, the Dalai Lamas, the [[Gelugpa]] and [[Tibet]].<ref>Laird 2006, pp. 147–149.</ref> The [[5th Dalai Lama|5th]] in the succession used the vast popular power base of devoted followers built up by his four predecessors. By 1642, with the strategy provided by his ''chagdzo'' (manager) [[Sonam Rapten]] and the military assistance of [[Khoshut]] chieftain [[Gushri Khan]], the 'Great 5th' founded the Dalai Lamas' religious and political reign over Tibet that survived for over 300 years.<ref>Laird 2006, pp. 149–151.</ref>

=== Establishment of the Dalai Lama lineage ===
Gendun Drup (1391–1474), a disciple of [[Je Tsongkhapa|Je Tsongkapa]],<ref name="陈庆英2005_p15">{{cite book|author=陈庆英|title=达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA15|year=2005|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-5085-0745-3|pages=16–}}</ref> would eventually be known as the '[[First Dalai Lama]]', but he would not receive this title until 104 years after he died.<ref name=rich>Richardson 1984, pp. 40–41.</ref>
There was resistance to naming him as such, since he was ordained a monk in the Kadampa tradition<ref name=shak91 /> and for various reasons,{{Explain|reason=what reasons?|date=April 2024}} the Kadampa school had eschewed the adoption of the ''tulku'' system to which the older schools adhered. Therefore, although Gendun Drup grew to be an important Gelugpa lama, there was no search to identify his incarnation after his death in 1474.<ref name="mull87">Mullin 2001, p. 87.</ref>

Despite this, 55 years after Tsongkhapa, the Tashilhunpo monks heard accounts that an incarnation of Gendun Drup had appeared nearby and repeatedly announced himself from the age of two.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 90–95.</ref> The monastic authorities saw compelling evidence that convinced them the child in question was indeed the incarnation of their founder and felt obliged to break with their own tradition, and in 1487, the boy was renamed [[Gendun Gyatso]] and installed at Tashilhunpo as Gendun Drup's tulku, albeit informally.<ref name=mull956>Mullin 2001, pp. 95–96.</ref>

Gendun Gyatso died in 1542, but the lineage of Dalai Lama tulkus became firmly established with the third incarnation, [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]] (1543–1588), who was formally recognised and enthroned at Drepung in 1546.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 137–8.</ref> Gendun Gyatso was given the title "Dalai Lama" by the Tümed [[Altan Khan]] in 1578,<ref name="Tagliacozzo2015">{{cite book|author=Eric Tagliacozzo|title=Asia Inside Out: Changing Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKLrBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT153|date=5 January 2015|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-96694-9}}</ref>{{rp|153}} and his two predecessors were then accorded the title posthumously, making Gendun now the third in the lineage.<ref name=rich />

=== 1st Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|1st Dalai Lama}}

Pema Dorje (1391–1474), who would eventually be posthumously declared the 1st Dalai Lama, was born in a cattle pen in Shabtod, [[Ü-Tsang|Tsang]] in 1391.<ref name="norb215">Norbu 1968, p. 215.</ref><ref name="shak91" /> His family were goatherders, but when his father died in 1398, his mother entrusted him to his uncle for education as a Buddhist monk.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 52–3.</ref> Pema Dorje was sent to [[Narthang Monastery|Narthang]], a major Kadampa monastery near Shigatse, which ran the largest printing press in Tibet.<ref>David-Neel 2007, p. 89.</ref> Its celebrated library attracted many scholars, so Pema Dorje received an education beyond the norm at the time as well as exposure to diverse spiritual schools and ideas.<ref name=mull54>Mullin 2001, p. 54.</ref>

He studied Buddhist philosophy extensively. In 1405, ordained by Narthang's abbot, he took the name of Gendun Drup.<ref name=shak91 /> He was recognised as an exceptionally gifted pupil, so the abbot tutored him personally and took special interest in his progress.<ref name=mull54 /> In twelve years he passed the twelve grades of monkhood and took the highest vows.<ref name=norb215 /> After completing his intensive studies at Narthang he left to continue at specialist monasteries in Central Tibet.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 54, 56.</ref>

In 1415, Gendun Drup met [[Tsongkhapa]], founder of the [[Gelugpa]] school, and became his student.<ref>Dhondub 1984, p. 3.</ref> After the death of Tsongkhapa's successor, the [[Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama|Panchen Lama Khedrup Je]], Gendun Drup became the leader of the Gelugpa.<ref name=norb215 /> He rose to become Abbot of Drepung, the greatest Gelugpa monastery outside Lhasa.<ref name=TN1 />

It was mainly due to Gendun Drup that Tsongkhapa's new school grew into an order capable of competing with others on an equal footing.<ref name=snel182>Snellgrove & Richardson 1986, p. 182.</ref> Taking advantage of good relations with the nobility and a lack of determined opposition from rival orders, he founded Tashilhunpo Monastery at Shigatse, on the very edge of Karma Kagyu-dominated territory,<ref name=snel182 /> and would serve as its Abbot until his death.<ref>Richardson 1984, p. 40.</ref> This monastery became the fourth great Gelugpa monastery in Tibet, after [[Ganden]], Drepung, and Sera, all founded in Tsongkhapa's time,<ref name=norb216 /> and would later become the seat of the [[Panchen Lamas]].<ref name=bell33>Bell 1946, p. 33.</ref>
By establishing it at Shigatse in the middle of Tsang, Gendun Drup expanded the Gelugpa sphere of influence, and his own, from the Lhasa region of Ü to this province, which was the stronghold of the [[Karma Kagyu]] school and their patrons, the rising [[Tsangpa]] dynasty.<ref name=norb216 /><ref>Smith 1997, p. 101.</ref> Tashilhunpo eventually became 'Southern Tibet's greatest monastic university'<ref name=mull242>Mullin 1983, p. 242.</ref> with a complement of 3,000 monks.<ref name="shak91" />

Gendun Drup was said to be the greatest scholar-saint ever produced by [[Narthang Monastery]]<ref name=mull242 /> and became 'the single most important lama in Tibet'.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 52.</ref> Through hard work he became a leading lama, known as 'Perfecter of the Monkhood', 'with a host of disciples'.<ref name=bell33 /> Famed for his Buddhist scholarship, he was also referred to as ''Panchen Gendun Drup'', 'Panchen' being an honorary title designating 'great scholar'.<ref name=shak91 /> By the great [[Jonangpa]] master Bodong Chokley Namgyal<ref>[[:de:Bodong Chogle Namgyel]]{{Circular reference|date=July 2021}}</ref> he was accorded the honorary title ''Tamchey Khyenpa'' meaning "The Omniscient One", an appellation that was later assigned to all Dalai Lama incarnations.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 58–9.</ref>

At the age of 50, he entered meditation retreat at [[Narthang Monastery|Narthang]]. As he grew older, [[Karma Kagyu]] adherents, finding their sect was losing too many recruits to the monkhood to burgeoning [[Gelugpa]] monasteries, tried to contain Gelug expansion by launching military expeditions against them.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 60.</ref> This led to decades of military and political power struggles between [[Tsangpa]] dynasty forces and others across central Tibet.<ref>Dhondup 1984, p. 4.</ref> In an attempt to ameliorate these clashes, Gendun Drup issued a poem of advice to his followers advising restraint from responding to violence with more violence and urged compassion and patience instead. The poem, entitled ''Shar Gang Rima'', "The Song of the Eastern Snow Mountains", became one of his most enduring popular literary works.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 61.</ref>

Gendun Drup's spiritual accomplishments brought him substantial donations from devotees which he used to build and furnish new monasteries, as well as to print and distribute Buddhist texts and to maintain monks and meditators.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 6.9</ref> In 1474, at the age of 84, he went on a final teaching tour by foot to visit [[Narthang Monastery]]. Returning to Tashilhunpo<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 69–70.</ref> he died 'in a blaze of glory, recognised as having attained Buddhahood'.<ref name=bell33 />

His remains were interred in a bejewelled silver [[stupa]] at [[Tashi Lhunpo Monastery]], which survived the [[Cultural Revolution]] and can still be seen.<ref name=mull87 />

=== 2nd Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|2nd Dalai Lama}}

After Gendun Drup died, a boy called Sangyey Pel, born to Nyngma adepts at Yolkar in [[Ü-Tsang|Tsang]],<ref name=shak91 /><ref>Mullin 2001, p. 89.</ref> declared himself at the age of three to be Gendun Drup and asked to be 'taken home' to Tashilhunpo. He spoke in mystical verses, quoted classical texts spontaneously,<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 90–93.</ref> and claimed to be [[Dromtönpa]], an earlier incarnation of the Dalai Lamas.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 90.</ref> When he saw monks from Tashilhunpo, he greeted the disciples of the late Gendun Drup by name.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 95.</ref> Convinced by the evidence, the Gelugpa elders broke with the traditions of their school and recognised him as Gendun Drup's ''tulku'' at the age of eight.<ref name=mull956 />

His father took him on teachings and retreats, training him in all the family [[Nyingma]] lineages.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 94.</ref> At twelve he was installed at Tashilhunpo as Gendun Drup's incarnation, ordained, enthroned, and renamed [[Gendun Gyatso Palzangpo]] (1475–1542).<ref name=mull956 />

Tutored personally by the abbot, he made rapid progress, and in 1492 at the age of seventeen he was requested to teach all over Tsang, where thousands gathered to listen and give obeisance, including senior scholars and abbots.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 97–8.</ref> Two years later, he met some opposition from the Tashilhunpo establishment when tensions arose over conflicts between advocates of the two types of succession: the traditional abbatial election through merit and incarnation. He therefore moved to central Tibet, where he was invited to Drepung and where his reputation as a brilliant young teacher quickly grew.<ref>Kapstein 2006, p. 129.</ref><ref>Mullin 2001, 99–100</ref> This move had the effect of shifting central Gelug authority back to Lhasa.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

He was afforded all the loyalty and devotion that Gendun Drup had earned and the Gelug school remained as united as ever.<ref name=norb216 /> Under his leadership, the sect continued growing in size and influence<ref name=norb217 /> and its lamas were asked to mediate in disputes between other rivals.<ref>Snelling & Richardson 1986, pp. 182–3.</ref> Gendun Gyatso's popularity in Ü-Tsang grew as he went on pilgrimage, teaching and studying from masters such as the adept Khedrup Norzang Gyatso in the Olklha mountains.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 100–103.</ref> He also stayed in [[Kongpo]] and Dagpo<ref>[[:de:Dagpo (Region)]]{{Circular reference|date=July 2021}}</ref> and became known all over Tibet.<ref name="laird139" /> He spent his winters in Lhasa, writing commentaries, and spent the rest of the year travelling and teaching many thousands of monks and laypeople.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 105.</ref>

In 1509, he moved to southern Tibet to build Chokorgyel Monastery near the 'Oracle Lake', [[Lhamo Latso]],<ref name="laird139" /> completing it by 1511.<ref name=mull111>Mullin 2001, p. 111.</ref> That year he saw visions in the lake and 'empowered' it to impart clues to help identify incarnate lamas. All Dalai Lamas from the 3rd on were found with the help of such visions granted to regents.<ref name="laird139" /><ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 107–9.</ref> He was invited back to Tashilhunpo and given the residence built for Gendun Drup, to be occupied later by the [[Panchen Lamas]].<ref name=shak91 /> He was made abbot of Tashilhunpo<ref>Stein 1972, p. 84.</ref> and stayed there teaching in Tsang for nine months.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 109–110.</ref>

Gendun Gyatso continued to travel widely and teach while based at Tibet's largest monastery, Drepung and became known as 'Drepung Lama',<ref name=norb217>Norbu 1984, p. 217/</ref> his fame and influence spreading all over Central Asia as the best students from hundreds of lesser monasteries in Asia were sent to Drepung for education.<ref name=mull111 />

Throughout Gendun Gyatso's life, the Gelugpa were opposed and suppressed by older rivals, particularly the [[Karma Kagyu]] and their Ringpung clan patrons from Tsang, who felt threatened by their loss of influence.<ref name=dhon456>Dhondup 1984, pp. 4–6.</ref> In 1498, the Ringpung army captured Lhasa and banned the Gelugpa annual New Year [[Monlam Prayer Festival]].<ref name=dhon456 /><ref name=mull112>Mullin 2001, p. 112.</ref> Gendun Gyatso was promoted to abbot of Drepung in 1517<ref name=mull111 /> and that year Ringpung forces were forced to withdraw from Lhasa.<ref name=dhon456 /><ref>Shakabpa 1984, p. 90.</ref> Gendun Gyatso then went to the ''Gongma'' (King) [[Drakpa Jungne]]<ref>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 89–92.</ref> to obtain permission for the festival to be held again.<ref name="mull112" /> The next New Year, the ''Gongma'' was so impressed by Gendun Gyatso's performance leading the festival that he sponsored construction of a large new residence for him at Drepung, 'a monastery within a monastery'.<ref name="mull112" /> It was called the [[Ganden Phodrang]], a name later adopted by the Tibetan Government,<ref name="shak91" /> and it served as home for Dalai Lamas until the Fifth moved to the [[Potala Palace]] in 1645.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

In 1525, already abbot of Chokhorgyel, Drepung and Tashilhunpo, he was made abbot of Sera monastery as well, and worked to increase the number of monks there. Based at Drepung in winter and Chokorgyel in summer, he spent his remaining years composing commentaries, making regional teaching tours, visiting Tashilhunpo, and acting as abbot of these four great monasteries.<ref name="mull113">Mullin 2001, p. 113.</ref> As abbot, he made Drepung the largest monastery in the whole of Tibet.<ref name="sr183">Snellgrove & Richardson 1986, p. 183.</ref> He attracted many students and disciples 'from Kashmir to China' as well as major patrons and disciples such as ''Gongma'' Nangso Donyopa of Droda who built a monastery at Zhekar Dzong in his honour and invited him to name it and be its spiritual guide.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 114–5.</ref><ref name="mull113" />

''Gongma'' Gyaltsen Palzangpo of Khyomorlungand and his Queen, Sangyey Paldzomma, became his favorite patrons and disciples and he visited their area to carry out rituals as 'he chose it for his next place of rebirth'.<ref name="mull1137">Mullin 2001, pp. 113, 117.</ref> He died in meditation at Drepung in 1542 at the age of 67 and his reliquary stupa was constructed at Khyomorlung.<ref name="mull120">Mullin 2001, p. 120.</ref> It was said that, by the time he died, through his disciples and their students, his personal influence covered the whole of Buddhist Central Asia where 'there was nobody of any consequence who did not know of him.'<ref name="mull120" /> The Dalai Lama title was posthumously granted to Gedun Gyatso after 1578.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

=== 3rd Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|3rd Dalai Lama}}

The Third Dalai Lama, [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]] (1543–1588), was born in Tolung, near Lhasa,<ref name=shak92>Shakabpa 1984, p. 92.</ref>
as predicted by his predecessor.<ref name=mull1137 /> Claiming he was Gendun Gyatso and readily recalling events from his previous life, he was recognised as the incarnation, named 'Sonam Gyatso' and installed at Drepung, where 'he quickly excelled his teachers in knowledge and wisdom and developed extraordinary powers'.<ref>Norbu 1986, p. 217.</ref> Unlike his predecessors, he came from a noble family, connected with the [[Sakya (tribe)|Sakya]] and the [[Phagmo Drupa]] (Karma Kagyu affiliated) dynasties,<ref name=sr183 /> and it is to him that the effective conversion of Mongolia to Buddhism is due.<ref name="bell33" />

A brilliant scholar and teacher,<ref name=rich41>Richardson 1984, p. 41.</ref> he had the spiritual maturity to be made Abbot of Drepung,<ref>Dhondup 1984, p. 6.</ref> taking responsibility for the material and spiritual well-being of Tibet's largest monastery at the age of nine. At 10 he led the [[Monlam Prayer Festival]], giving daily discourses to the assembly of all Gelugpa monks.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 141.</ref> His influence grew so quickly that soon the monks at Sera Monastery also made him their Abbot<ref name="laird139" /> and his mediation was being sought to prevent fighting between political power factions. At 16, in 1559, he was invited to [[Nêdong (village)|Nedong]] by King [[Ngawang Tashi Drakpa]], a [[Karma Kagyu]] supporter, and became his personal teacher.<ref name=shak92 />

At 17, when fighting broke out in Lhasa between Gelug and Kagyu parties and efforts by local lamas to mediate failed, Sonam Gyatso negotiated a peaceful settlement. At 19, when the [[Lhasa River|Kyichu River]] burst its banks and flooded Lhasa, he led his followers to rescue victims and repair the dykes. He then instituted a custom whereby on the last day of [[Monlam]], all the monks would work on strengthening the flood defences.<ref name=shak92 /> Gradually, he was shaping himself into a national leader.<ref>Dhondup 1984, p. 7.</ref> His popularity and renown became such that in 1564 when the Nedong King died, it was Sonam Gyatso at the age of 21 who was requested to lead his funeral rites, rather than his own Kagyu lamas.<ref name=laird139 />

Required to travel and teach without respite after taking full ordination in 1565, he still maintained extensive meditation practices in the hours before dawn and again at the end of the day.<ref name=mull142>Mullin 2001, p. 142.</ref> In 1569, at age 26, he went to Tashilhunpo to study the layout and administration of the monastery built by his predecessor Gendun Drup. Invited to become the Abbot he declined, already being Abbot of Drepung and Sera, but left his deputy there in his stead.<ref>Shakabpa 1984, p. 93.</ref> From there he visited [[Narthang Monastery|Narthang]], the first monastery of Gendun Drup and gave numerous discourses and offerings to the monks in gratitude.<ref name=mull142 />

Meanwhile, [[Altan Khan]], chief of all the Mongol tribes near China's borders, had heard of Sonam Gyatso's spiritual prowess and repeatedly invited him to Mongolia.<ref name=sr183 /> By 1571, when Altan Khan received a title of Shunyi Wang (King) from the [[Ming dynasty]] of China<ref name="Dardess2012_p16">{{cite book|author=John W. Dardess|title=Ming China, 1368–1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ROQVzWT2iiUC&pg=PA16|year=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-0491-1|pages=16–}}</ref> and swore allegiance to Ming,<ref name="蔡東藩2015">{{cite book|author=蔡東藩|title=明史通俗演義: 蔡東藩歷史演義-明朝|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jismCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT440|date=9 May 2015|publisher=谷月社|pages=440–|id=GGKEY:K7LK6AK932B|quote =俺答道:"我當約令稱臣，永不復叛，我死后，我子我孫，將必襲封，世世衣食中國。"}}</ref> Although he remained de facto quite independent,<ref name="Tagliacozzo2015" />{{rp|106}} he had fulfilled his political destiny and a nephew advised him to seek spiritual salvation, saying that "in Tibet dwells [[Avalokiteshvara]]", referring to Sonam Gyatso, then 28 years old.<ref>Laird 2006, pp. 141–142.</ref> China was also happy to help Altan Khan by providing necessary translations of holy scripture, and also lamas.<ref name="Dardess2012_p17">{{cite book|author=John W. Dardess|title=Ming China, 1368–1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ROQVzWT2iiUC&pg=PA16|year=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-0491-1|pages=17–}}</ref>

At the second invitation, in 1577–78 Sonam Gyatso travelled 1,500 miles to Mongolia to see him. They met in an atmosphere of intense reverence and devotion<ref name=sr184>Snellgrove & Richardson 1984, p. 184.</ref> and their meeting resulted in the re-establishment of strong Tibet-Mongolia relations after a gap of 200 years.<ref name=sr183 />
To Altan Khan, Sonam Gyatso identified himself as the incarnation of [[Drogön Chögyal Phagpa]], and Altan Khan as that of [[Kubilai Khan]], thus placing the Khan as heir to the [[Chingizid]] lineage whilst securing his patronage.<ref name="Smith 1996, p. 106">Smith 1996, p. 106.</ref>
Altan Khan and his followers quickly adopted Buddhism as their state religion, replacing the prohibited traditional [[Shamanism]].<ref name=rich41 />

Mongol law was reformed to accord with Tibetan Buddhist law. From this time Buddhism spread rapidly across Mongolia<ref name="Smith 1996, p. 106" /> and soon the Gelugpa had won the spiritual allegiance of most of the Mongolian tribes.<ref name=rich41 />
As proposed by Sonam Gyatso, Altan Khan sponsored the building of Thegchen Chonkhor Monastery at the site of Sonam Gyatso's open-air teachings given to the whole Mongol population. He also called Sonam Gyatso "Dalai", Mongolian for 'Gyatso' (Ocean).<ref>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 94–95.</ref>

The name "Dalai Lama", by which the lineage later became known throughout the non-Tibetan world, was thus established and it was applied to the first two incarnations retrospectively.<ref name=rich />

In 1579, the Ming allowed the third Dalai Lama to pay regular tribute.<ref>L. Carrington Goodrich and Chaoying Fang，《Biography of Celebrities in Ming Dynasty 明代名人傳》，page 23</ref> Returning eventually to Tibet by a roundabout route and invited to stay and teach all along the way, in 1580 Sonam Gyatso was in [[Hohhot]] [or [[Ningxia]]], not far from Beijing, when the Chinese Emperor summoned him to his court.<ref>Smith 1996, p. 104.</ref><ref name=shak96>Shakabpa 1986, p. 96.</ref>
By then he had established a religious empire of such proportions that it was unsurprising the Emperor wanted to summon him and grant him a diploma.<ref name=sr184 />

Through Altan Khan, the 3rd Dalai Lama requested to pay tribute to the Emperor of China in order to raise his State Tutor ranking, and the Ming imperial court of China agreed with the request.<ref name="Wang尼玛坚赞1997">{{cite book|author1=Jiawei Wang|author2=尼玛坚赞|title=The Historical Status of China's Tibet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA44|year=1997|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-80113-304-5|pages=44–}}</ref> In 1582, he heard Altan Khan had died and invited by his son Dhüring Khan he decided to return to Mongolia. Passing through [[Amdo]], he founded a second great monastery, [[Kumbum Monastery|Kumbum]], at the birthplace of [[Tsongkhapa]] near [[Chinghai Lake|Kokonor]].<ref name=shak96 /> Further on, he was asked to adjudicate on border disputes between Mongolia and China. It was the first time a Dalai Lama had exercised such political authority.<ref name=norb220>Norbu 1986, p. 220.</ref>

Arriving in Mongolia in 1585, he stayed 2 years with Dhüring Khan, teaching Buddhism to his people<ref name=shak96 /> and converting more Mongol princes and their tribes. Receiving a second invitation from the Emperor in Beijing he accepted, but died en route in 1588.<ref name=Laird147>Laird 2006, p. 147.</ref> As he was dying, his Mongolian converts urged him not to leave them, as they needed his continuing religious leadership. He promised them he would be incarnated next in Mongolia, as a Mongolian.<ref name=norb220 />

=== 4th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|4th Dalai Lama}}

The Fourth Dalai Lama, [[Yonten Gyatso]] (1589–1617) was a Mongol, the great-grandson of [[Altan Khan]]<ref name="Dardess2012">{{cite book |author=John W. Dardess |title=Ming China, 1368–1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ROQVzWT2iiUC&pg=PA16 |year=2012 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn = 978-1-4422-0491-1 |pages=16– }}</ref> who was a descendant of [[Kublai Khan]] and leader of the [[Tümed]] Mongols who had already been converted to Buddhism by the Third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso (1543–1588).<ref name=TN1 /> This strong connection caused the Mongols to zealously support the Gelugpa sect in Tibet, strengthening their status and position but also arousing intensified opposition from the Gelugpa's rivals, particularly the Tsang Karma Kagyu in Shigatse and their Mongol patrons and the Bönpo in Kham and their allies.<ref name=TN1 /> Being the newest school, unlike the older schools the Gelugpa lacked an established network of Tibetan clan patronage and were thus more reliant on foreign patrons.<ref name=TN2>Smith 1997, p. 107.</ref>

At the age of 10 with a large Mongol escort he travelled to Lhasa where he was enthroned. He studied at Drepung and became its abbot but being a non-Tibetan he met with opposition from some Tibetans, especially the Karma Kagyu who felt their position was threatened by these emerging events; there were several attempts to remove him from power.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 172–181.</ref> Seal of authority was granted in 1616 by [[Wanli Emperor]] of Ming.<ref name="Biography of the 4th Dalai Lama">Biography of the 4th Dalai Lama</ref> Yonten Gyatso died at the age of 27 under suspicious circumstances and his chief attendant [[Sonam Rapten]] went on to discover the 5th Dalai Lama, became his ''chagdzo'' or manager and after 1642 he went on to be his regent, the Desi.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 182.</ref>

=== 5th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|5th Dalai Lama}}

{{multiple image |width=200 |direction=vertical
|image1=Jokhang,Gushi Khan Fresco.Color.jpg|caption1=[[Güshi Khan]]
|image2=Mongolia XVII.png|caption2=Map showing the extent of the [[Khoshut Khanate]], 1642–1717, after the Unification of Tibet under the 5th Dalai Lama with Sonam Chöphel and Güshi Khan
|image3=Tibet-claims.jpg|caption3='Greater Tibet' as claimed by exiled groups
}}

The death of the Fourth Dalai Lama in 1617 led to open conflict breaking out between various parties.<ref name=TN2 /> First, the [[Tsangpa]] dynasty, rulers of Central Tibet from Shigatse, supporters of the [[Karmapa]] school and rivals to the [[Gelugpa]], forbade the search for his incarnation.<ref name=SK>{{cite journal|author1=Karmay, Samten C.|title=The Great Fifth|journal=The Newsletter|year=2005|volume=Winter 2005|issue=39|page=2|url=http://www.iias.nl/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL39_1213.pdf|access-date=14 June 2015|series=Research|publisher=International Institute for Asian Studies|location=Leiden, the Netherlands|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207235713/http://www.iias.nl/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL39_1213.pdf|archive-date=7 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> But in 1618, [[Sonam Rapten]], the former attendant of the 4th Dalai Lama who had become the [[Ganden Phodrang]] treasurer, secretly identified the child,<ref name=shak101>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 101–102.</ref> who had been born to the noble Zahor family at Tagtse castle, south of Lhasa. Then, the [[Panchen Lama]], in Shigatse, negotiated the lifting of the ban, enabling the boy to be recognised as [[Lobsang Gyatso]], the 5th Dalai Lama.<ref name=SK />

Also in 1618, the Tsangpa King, Karma Puntsok Namgyal, whose Mongol patron was [[Choghtu Khong Tayiji]] of the [[Khalkha Mongols]], attacked the Gelugpa in Lhasa to avenge an earlier snub and established two military bases there to control the monasteries and the city. This caused Sonam Rabten who became the 5th Dalai Lama's ''changdzo'' or manager,<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 198.</ref> to seek more active Mongol patronage and military assistance for the Gelugpa while the Fifth was still a boy.<ref name=TN2 /> So, in 1620, Mongol troops allied to the Gelugpa who had camped outside Lhasa suddenly attacked and destroyed the two Tsangpa camps and drove them out of Lhasa, enabling the Dalai Lama to be brought out of hiding and publicly enthroned there in 1622.<ref name=shak101 />

In fact, throughout the 5th's minority, it was the influential and forceful Sonam Rabten who inspired the [[Dzungars|Dzungar Mongols]] to defend the Gelugpa by attacking their enemies. These enemies included other Mongol tribes who supported the Tsangpas, the Tsangpa themselves and their Bönpo allies in Kham who had also opposed and persecuted Gelugpas. Ultimately, this strategy led to the destruction of the Tsangpa dynasty, the defeat of the Karmapas and their other allies and the Bönpos, by armed forces from the Lhasa valley aided by their Mongol allies, paving the way for Gelugpa political and religious hegemony in Central Tibet.<ref name=SK />

Apparently by general consensus, by virtue of his position as the Dalai Lama's ''changdzo'' (chief attendant, minister), after the Dalai Lama became absolute ruler of Tibet in 1642 Sonam Rabten became the "''Desi''" or "Viceroy", in fact, the ''de facto'' regent or day-to-day ruler of Tibet's governmental affairs. During these years and for the rest of his life (he died in 1658), "there was little doubt that politically Sonam Chophel [Rabten] was more powerful than the Dalai Lama".<ref name=GM199>Mullin 2001, p. 199.</ref> As a young man, being 22 years his junior, the Dalai Lama addressed him reverentially as "''Zhalngo''", meaning "the Presence".<ref>Karmay 2014, p. 4.</ref>

During the 1630s Tibet was deeply entangled in rivalry, evolving power struggles and conflicts, not only between the Tibetan religious sects but also between the rising [[Manchu people|Manchus]] and the various rival [[Mongol]] and [[Oirats|Oirat]] factions, who were also vying for supremacy amongst themselves and on behalf of the religious sects they patronised.<ref name=TN2 /> For example, [[Ligdan Khan]] of the [[Chahars]], a Mongol subgroup who supported the Tsang Karmapas, after retreating from advancing Manchu armies headed for [[Qinghai|Kokonor]] intending destroy the [[Gelug]]. He died on the way, in 1634.<ref>Michael Weiers, ''Geschichte der Mongolen'', Stuttgart 2004, p. 182f</ref>

His vassal [[Choghtu Khong Tayiji]], continued to advance against the Gelugpas, even having his own son Arslan killed after Arslan changed sides, submitted to the Dalai Lama and become a Gelugpa monk.<ref>Shakabpa 1984, p. 104.</ref> By the mid-1630s, thanks again to the efforts of Sonam Rabten,<ref name=SK /> the [[5th Dalai Lama]] had found a powerful new patron in Güshi Khan of the [[Khoshut]] Mongols, a subgroup of the [[Dzungars]], who had recently migrated to the Kokonor area from [[Dzungaria]].<ref name=TN2 /> He attacked [[Choghtu Khong Tayiji]] at Kokonor in 1637 and defeated and killed him, thus eliminating the Tsangpa and the Karmapa's main Mongol patron and protector.<ref name=TN2 />

Next, Donyo Dorje, the [[Bönpo]] king of Beri in [[Kham]] was found writing to the Tsangpa king in Shigatse to propose a co-ordinated 'pincer attack' on the Lhasa Gelugpa monasteries from east and west, seeking to utterly destroy them once and for all.<ref>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 105–106.</ref> The intercepted letter was sent to Güshi Khan who used it as a pretext to invade central Tibet in 1639 to attack them both, the Bönpo and the Tsangpa. By 1641 he had defeated Donyo Dorje and his allies in Kham and then he marched on Shigatse where after laying siege to their strongholds he defeated [[Karma Tenkyong]], broke the power of the Tsang Karma Kagyu in 1642 and ended the Tsangpa dynasty.<ref>Shakabpa 1967, p. 105–111.</ref>

Güshi Khan's attack on the Tsangpa was made on the orders of [[Sonam Rapten]] while being publicly and robustly opposed by the Dalai Lama, who, as a matter of conscience, out of compassion and his vision of tolerance for other religious schools, refused to give permission for more warfare in his name after the defeat of the Beri king.<ref name=GM199 /><ref name=shak106>Shakabpa 1984, p. 106–110.</ref> Sonam Rabten deviously went behind his master's back to encourage Güshi Khan, to facilitate his plans and to ensure the attacks took place;<ref name=SK /> for this defiance of his master's wishes, Rabten was severely rebuked by the 5th Dalai Lama.<ref name=shak106 />

After Desi [[Sonam Rapten]] died in 1658, the 5th Dalai Lama appointed his younger brother [[Depa Norbu]] (aka Nangso Norbu) as his successor the next year.<ref>Karmay 2014, p. 403.</ref> But after a few months, Norbu betrayed him and led a rebellion against the Ganden Phodrang Government. With his accomplices he seized Samdruptse fort at Shigatse and tried to raise a rebel army from Tsang and Bhutan, but the Dalai Lama foiled his plans without any fighting taking place and Norbu fled.<ref>Karmay 2014, pp. 409–425.</ref> Four other Desis were appointed after Depa Norbu: Trinle Gyatso, Lozang Tutop, Lozang Jinpa and [[Sangye Gyatso]].<ref>Shakabpa 2010, p. 1133.</ref>

==== Reunification of Tibet ====
Having thus defeated all the Gelugpa's rivals and resolved all regional and sectarian conflicts Güshi Khan became the undisputed patron of a unified Tibet and acted as a "Protector of the Gelug",<ref>René Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes'', New Brunswick 1970, p. 522.</ref> establishing the [[Khoshut Khanate]] which covered almost the entire Tibetan plateau, an area corresponding roughly to '[[Greater Tibet]]' including [[Kham]] and [[Amdo]], as claimed by exiled groups (see maps). At an enthronement ceremony in [[Shigatse]] he conferred full sovereignty over Tibet on the Fifth Dalai Lama,<ref name="bell273">Bell 1946, p. 273.</ref> unified for the first time since the collapse of the Tibetan Empire exactly eight centuries earlier.<ref name=TN2 /><ref name=TN3>Smith 1997, p. 108.</ref> Güshi Khan then retired to [[Qinghai|Kokonor]] with his armies<ref name=TN2 /> and [according to Smith] ruled Amdo himself directly thus creating a precedent for the later separation of Amdo from the rest of Tibet.<ref name=TN3 />

In this way, Güshi Khan established the Fifth Dalai Lama as the highest spiritual and political authority in Tibet. 'The Great Fifth' became the temporal ruler of Tibet in 1642 and from then on the rule of the Dalai Lama lineage over some, all or most of Tibet lasted with few breaks for the next 317 years, until 1959, when the [[14th Dalai Lama]] fled to India.{{sfn|Buswell|Lopez|2014|p=210}} In 1645, the Great Fifth began the construction of the [[Potala Palace]] in Lhasa.<ref name=mull201>Mullin 2001, p. 201.</ref>

Güshi Khan died in 1655 and was succeeded by his descendants [[Dayan Khan (Khoshut)|Dayan]], [[Tenzin Dalai Khan]] and Tenzin Wangchuk Khan. Güshi Khan's other eight sons settled in Amdo and fought among themselves over territory, so the Fifth Dalai Lama sent governors to rule them in 1656 and 1659, thereby bringing [[Amdo]] and thus the whole of Greater Tibet under his personal rule and Gelugpa control. The Mongols in Amdo became absorbed and Tibetanised.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Karmay, Samten C.|title=The Great Fifth|journal=The Newsletter|year=2005|volume=Winter 2005|issue=39|page=2|url=http://www.iias.nl/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL39_1213.pdf|access-date=14 June 2015|series=Research|publisher=International Institute for Asian Studies|location=Leiden, the Netherlands|quote=Over time the region's Mongols were completely Tibetanized but continued to enjoy prestige among the Tibetans as Gushri Khan's descendants and played a significant role in the Gelug Order's expansion in Amdo.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207235713/http://www.iias.nl/sites/default/files/IIAS_NL39_1213.pdf|archive-date=7 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Visit to Beijing ====
In 1636 the [[Manchu people|Manchus]] proclaimed their dynasty the [[Qing dynasty]], and by 1644 they had completed [[Qing conquest of the Ming|their conquest of China]] under the [[prince regent]] [[Dorgon]].<ref>{{Cite book |doi = 10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe287|chapter = China, imperial: 8. Qing or Manchu dynasty period, 1636-1911|title = The Encyclopedia of Empire|pages = 1–13|year = 2016|last1 = Hang|first1 = Henry Choi Sze|isbn = 9781118455074}}</ref> In 1645, their forces approached [[Amdo]] in northern Tibet, causing the Oirat and Khoshut Mongols there to submit in 1647 and send tribute. In 1648, after quelling a rebellion of Tibetans in Gansu-Xining, the Qing invited the Fifth Dalai Lama to visit its court in Beijing since it wished to engender Tibetan influence in its dealings with the Mongols. The Qing was aware the Dalai Lama had extraordinary influence with the Mongols and saw relations with the Dalai Lama as a means to facilitate submission of the [[Khalka Mongols]], traditional patrons of the [[Karma Kagyu]] sect.<ref name="Smith 1997, pp. 108–113">Smith 1997, pp. 108–113.</ref>

Similarly, since the Tibetan Gelugpa were keen to revive a [[priest-patron]] relationship with the dominant power in China and Inner Asia, the Qing invitation was accepted. After five years of complex diplomatic negotiations about whether the emperor or his representatives should meet the Dalai Lama inside or outside the Great Wall, when the meeting would be astrologically favourable, how it would be conducted, and so on, it took place in Beijing in 1653.<ref name="Smith 1997, pp. 108–113"/>

The Shunzhi Emperor was then 16 years old, having ascended the throne in 1650 upon Dorgon's death. For the Qing, although the Dalai Lama was not required to [[kowtow]] to the emperor, who rose from his throne and advanced 30 feet to greet him, the visit's significance was that of nominal political submission by the Dalai Lama since Inner Asian heads of state did not travel to meet each other but sent envoys. But for Tibetan Buddhist historians it was interpreted as the start of an era of independent rule by the Dalai Lamas, and of Qing patronage alongside that of the Mongols.<ref name="Smith 1997, pp. 108–113"/>

When the 5th Dalai Lama returned, the emperor had granted him a golden seal of authority and golden sheets with texts in Manchu, Tibetan, and Han Chinese.<ref name="陈庆英2005_p41">{{cite book |author=陈庆英 |title=达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA41 |year=2005 |publisher=五洲传播出版社 |isbn = 978-7-5085-0745-3 |pages=41–}}</ref><ref name=K309>Karmay 2014, p. 309.</ref> The 5th Dalai Lama wanted to use the golden seal of authority right away,<ref name="陈庆英2005_p41" /> but, Lobzang Gyatsho noted, "The Tibetan version of the inscription of the seal was translated by a Mongol translator but was not a good translation". After correction, it read: "The one who resides in the Western peaceful and virtuous paradise is unalterable Vajradhara, Ocean Lama, unifier of the doctrines of the Buddha for all beings under the sky". The words of the diploma ran: "Proclamation, to let all the people of the western hemisphere know".<ref name=K309 /> Tibetan historian Nyima Gyaincain points out that based on these texts, the Dalai Lama was only a subordinate of the emperor.<ref name="王家伟尼玛坚赞1997">{{cite book|author1=王家伟|author2=尼玛坚赞|title=中国西藏的历史地位|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eWCa0NSILSsC&pg=PA38|year=1997|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-80113-303-8|pages=38–}}</ref>

Despite such patronising attempts by Chinese officials and historians to symbolically show for the record that they held political influence over Tibet, the Tibetans did not accept any such symbols imposed on them by the Chinese with this kind of motive. For example, of the golden seal, the Fifth Dalai Lama wrote in ''Dukula'', his autobiography, that after his 1653 visit to the emperor, "the emperor made his men bring a golden seal for me that had three vertical lines in three parallel scripts: Chinese, Mongol and Tibetan". He also criticised the words carved on this gift as incorrectly translated into Tibetan, writing, "The Tibetan version of the inscription of the seal was translated by a Mongol translator but was not a good translation".<ref name=K309/> When he returned to Tibet, he discarded the emperor's golden seal and made a new one for state usage, writing in his autobiography: "Leaving out the Chinese characters that were on the seal given by the emperor, a new seal was carved for stamping documents that dealt with territorial issues. The first imprint of the seal was offered with prayers to the image of Lokeshvara".<ref>Karmay 2014, p. 402.</ref>

==== Relations with the Qing dynasty ====
The 17th-century struggles for domination between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the various Mongol groups spilled over to involve Tibet because of the Fifth Dalai Lama's strong influence over the Mongols as a result of their general adoption of Tibetan Buddhism and their consequent deep loyalty to the Dalai Lama as their guru. Until 1674, the Fifth Dalai Lama had mediated in [[Dzungar people|Dzungar Mongol]] affairs whenever they required him to do so, and the [[Kangxi Emperor]], who had succeeded the Shunzhi Emperor in 1661, would accept and confirm his decisions automatically.<ref name="TN6">Smith 1997, pp. 116–117.</ref>

For the Kangxi Emperor, the alliance between the Dzungar Mongols and the Tibetans was unsettling because he feared it had the potential to unite all the other Mongol tribes together against the Qing Empire, including those tribes who had already submitted. Therefore, in 1674, the Kangxi Emperor, annoyed by the Fifth's less than full cooperation in quelling a rebellion against the Qing in [[Yunnan]], ceased deferring to him as regards Mongol affairs and started dealing with them directly.<ref name="TN6"/>

In the same year, 1674, the Dalai Lama, then at the height of his powers and conducting a foreign policy independent of the Qing, caused Mongol troops to occupy the border post of [[Dartsedo]] between Kham and Sichuan, further annoying the Kangxi Emperor who (according to Smith) already considered Tibet as part of the Qing Empire. It also increased Qing suspicion about Tibetan relations with the Mongol groups and led him to seek strategic opportunities to oppose and undermine Mongol influence in Tibet and eventually, within 50 years, to defeat the Mongols militarily and to establish the Qing as sole 'patrons and protectors' of Tibet in their place.<ref name=TN6 />

==== Cultural development ====
The time of the Fifth Dalai Lama, who reigned from 1642 to 1682 and founded the government known as the [[Ganden Phodrang]], was a period of rich cultural development.<ref>Snellgrove & Richardson 1968, p. 197.</ref> His reign and that of [[Desi Sangye Gyatso]] are noteworthy for the upsurge in literary activity and of cultural and economic life that occurred. The same goes for the great increase in the number of foreign visitors thronging Lhasa during the period as well as for the number of inventions and institutions that are attributed to the 'Great Fifth', as the Tibetans refer to him.<ref>Stein 1972, p. 84–5.</ref> The most dynamic and prolific of the early Dalai Lamas, he composed more literary works than all the other Dalai Lamas combined. Writing on a wide variety of subjects he is specially noted for his works on history, classical Indian poetry in Sanskrit and his biographies of notable personalities of his epoch, as well as his own two autobiographies, one spiritual in nature and the other political (see [[#Further reading|Further Reading]]).<ref name=mull83244>Mullin 1983, p. 244.</ref> He also taught and travelled extensively, reshaped the politics of Central Asia, unified Tibet, conceived and constructed the Potala Palace and is remembered for establishing systems of national medical care and education.<ref name=mull83244 />

==== Death of the fifth Dalai Lama ====
The Fifth Dalai Lama died in 1682. Tibetan historian Nyima Gyaincain points out that the written wills from the fifth Dalai Lama before he died explicitly said his title and authority were from the Emperor of China, and he was subordinate of the Emperor of China.<ref name="王家伟尼玛坚赞1997" />

The Fifth Dalai Lama's death in 1682 was kept secret for fifteen years by his regent [[Desi Sangye Gyatso]]. He pretended the Dalai Lama was in retreat and ruled on his behalf, secretly selecting the 6th Dalai Lama and presenting him as someone else. Tibetan historian Nyima Gyaincain points out that Desi Sangye Gyatso wanted to consolidate his personal status and power by not reporting the death of the fifth Dalai Lama to the Emperor of China, and also collude with the rebellion group of the Qing dynasty, Mongol [[Dzungar people|Dzungar]] tribe in order to counter influence from another Mongol [[Khoshut]] tribe in Tibet. Being afraid of prosecution by the Kangxi Emperor of China, Desi Sangye Gyatso explained with fear and trepidation the reason behind his action to the Emperor.<ref name="王家伟尼玛坚赞1997" />

In 1705, Desi Sangye Gyatso was killed by [[Lha-bzang Khan]] of the Mongol [[Khoshut]] tribe because of his actions including his illegal action of selecting the 6th Dalai Lama. Since the Kangxi Emperor was not happy about Desi Sangye Gyatso's action of not reporting, the Emperor gave [[Lha-bzang Khan]] additional title and golden seal. The Kangxi Emperor also ordered [[Lha-bzang Khan]] to arrest the 6th Dalai Lama and send him to Beijing, the 6th Dalai Lama died when he was en route to Beijing.<ref name="王家伟尼玛坚赞1997" /> Journalist Thomas Laird argues that it was apparently done so that construction of the Potala Palace could be finished, and it was to prevent Tibet's neighbors, the Mongols and the Qing, from taking advantage of an interregnum in the succession of the Dalai Lamas.{{sfn|Laird|2006|pp=181–182}}

=== 6th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|6th Dalai Lama}}

The [[6th Dalai Lama|Sixth Dalai Lama]] (1683–1706) was born near [[Tawang]], now in India. After death of the 5th Dalai Lama, the regent [[Desi Sangye Gyatso]] kept death of the 5th Dalai Lama a secret, this allowed him to continue to use the authority of the Fifth Dalai Lama to manage the affairs of the Gelug. Tsangyang Gyatso was picked out in 1685, but his parents were not informed. In 1696, while suppressing the Dzungar rebellion, [[Kangxi Emperor]] accidentally learned from the captives that the 5th Dalai Lama had died many years ago. Kangxi severely rebuked the regent for his mistake, the regent admitted his mistake and sent people to Monpa to welcome the [[reincarnated soul boy]] in 1697. After 16 years of study as a novice monk, in 1702 in his 20th year he rejected full ordination and gave up his monk's robes and monastic life, preferring the lifestyle of a layman.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 245–256.</ref><ref>Karenina Kollmar-Paulenz, ''Kleine Geschichte Tibets'', München 2006, pp. 109–122.</ref>

In 1703 [[Güshi Khan]]'s ruling grandson Tenzin Wangchuk Khan was murdered by his brother [[Lha-bzang Khan|Lhazang Khan]] who usurped the [[Khoshut Khanate]]'s Tibetan throne, but unlike his four predecessors he started interfering directly in Tibetan affairs in Lhasa; he opposed the Fifth Dalai Lama's regent, [[Desi Sangye Gyatso]] for his deceptions and in the same year, with the support of the [[Kangxi Emperor]], he forced him out of office. When Lhazang was requested by the Tibetans to leave Lhasa politics to them and to retire to Kokonor like his predecessors, he quit the city. Desi Sangye Gyatso decided to kill Lhazang, he secretly sent someone to poison the food of Lhazang, but was discovered. Lhazang was furious and immediately mobilized a large army to defeat the Tibetan army and killed Desi Sangye Gyatso. In 1705, he wrote a letter to the Qing government, reporting Desi Sangye Gyatso's rebellion and that the sixth Dalai Lama, appointed by Desi Sangye Gyatso, was addicted to wine and sex and ignored religious affairs. He reported the Dalai Lama was not a real Dalai Lama and requested emperor to demote and revoke him. He used the Sixth's escapades as an excuse to seize full control of Tibet. Most Tibetans, though, still supported their Dalai Lama despite his behaviour and deeply resented Lhazang Khan's interference.<ref name="Smith 1997, p. 121">Smith 1997, p. 121.</ref> But Emperor Kangxi then issued an edict: "Because Lhazang Khan reported to depose the sixth Dalai Lama appointed by Desi Sangye Gyatso, the sixth Dalai Lama is ordered to be sent to capital Beijing."<ref name="Smith 1997, p. 121"/> In 1706 with the compliance of the Kangxi Emperor, the Sixth Dalai Lama was deposed and arrested by Lhazang who considered him to be an impostor set up by the regent. [[Lhazang Khan]], now acting as the only outright foreign ruler that Tibet had ever had, then sent him to Beijing under escort to appear before the emperor but he died mysteriously on the way near [[Lake Qinghai]], ostensibly from illness, he was 24 years' old.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 260–271.</ref><ref name="HarperCollins">Smith 1997, p. 122.</ref>

Having discredited and deposed the Sixth Dalai Lama, whom he considered an impostor, and having removed the regent, Lhazang Khan pressed the Lhasa Gelugpa lamas to endorse a new Dalai Lama in [[Tsangyang Gyatso]]'s place as the true incarnation of the Fifth. They eventually nominated one Pekar Dzinpa, a monk but also rumored to be Lhazang's son,<ref>McKay 2003, p. 569.</ref> and Lhazang had him installed as the 'real' Sixth Dalai Lama, endorsed by the [[Panchen Lama]] and named [[Yeshe Gyatso]] in 1707.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 274.</ref> This choice was in no way accepted by the Tibetan people, however, nor by Lhazang's princely Mongol rivals in Kokonor who resented his usurpation of the [[Khoshut]] Tibetan throne as well as his meddling in Tibetan affairs.<ref name="HarperCollins" />

The Kangxi Emperor concurred with them, after sending investigators, initially declining to recognize [[Yeshe Gyatso]]. He recognized him in 1710, after sending a Qing official party to assist Lhazang in 'restoring order'. These were the first Chinese representatives of any sort to officiate in Tibet.<ref name="HarperCollins" /> At the same time, while this puppet 'Dalai Lama' had no political power, the Kangxi Emperor secured from Lhazang Khan in return for this support the promise of regular payments of tribute; this was the first time tribute had been paid to the Manchu by the Mongols in Tibet and the first overt acknowledgment of Qing supremacy over Mongol rule in Tibet.<ref>Richardson 1984, p. 48.</ref>

=== 7th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|7th Dalai Lama}}

In 1708, in accordance with an indication given by the [[6th Dalai Lama]] when quitting Lhasa, a child called Kelzang Gyatso had been born at [[Litang County|Lithang]] in eastern Tibet who was soon claimed by local Tibetans to be his incarnation. After going into hiding out of fear of Lhazang Khan, he was installed in Lithang monastery. Along with some of the Kokonor Mongol princes, rivals of Lhazang, in defiance of the situation in Lhasa the Tibetans of [[Kham]] duly recognised him as the [[Seventh Dalai Lama]] in 1712, retaining his birth-name of [[Kelzang Gyatso]]. For security reasons he was moved to [[Derge]] monastery and eventually, in 1716, now also backed and sponsored by the Kangxi Emperor of China.<ref name="Mullin 2001, p.276-281">Mullin 2001, p. 276–281.</ref>

The Tibetans asked Dzungars to bring a true Dalai Lama to Lhasa, but the Manchu Chinese did not want to release Kelsan Gyatso to the Mongol Dzungars. The Regent Taktse Shabdrung and Tibetan officials then wrote a letter to the Manchu Chinese Emperor that they recognized Kelsang Gyatso as the Dalai Lama. The Emperor then granted Kelsang Gyatso a golden seal of authority.<ref name="Society">{{cite book|author=Western Shugden Society|title=A Great Deception: The Ruling Lamas' Policies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-uySE2XJVq4C&pg=PP161|publisher=Tharpa Publications US|isbn=978-0-9563918-8-9|pages=161–}}</ref> The Sixth Dalai Lama was taken to Amdo at the age of 8 to be installed in [[Kumbum Monastery]] with great pomp and ceremony.<ref name="Mullin 2001, p.276-281" />

According to Smith, the Kangxi Emperor now arranged to protect the child and keep him at Kumbum monastery in Amdo in reserve just in case his ally Lhasang Khan and his 'real' Sixth Dalai Lama, were overthrown.<ref>Smith 1997, p. 123.</ref> But according to Mullin, the emperor's support came from genuine spiritual recognition and respect rather than being politically motivated.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 281.</ref>

==== Dzungar invasion ====
In any case, the Kangxi Emperor took full advantage of having Kelzang Gyatso under Qing control at [[Kumbum]] after other Mongols from the [[Dzungars|Dzungar tribes]] led by [[Tsewang Rabtan]] who was related to his supposed ally [[Lhazang Khan]], deceived and betrayed the latter by invading Tibet and capturing Lhasa in 1717.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 285–9.</ref><ref>Smith 1997, pp. 123–5.</ref>

These Dzungars, who were Buddhist, had supported the Fifth Dalai Lama and his regent. They were secretly petitioned by the Lhasa [[Gelugpa]] lamas to invade with their help in order to rid them of their foreign ruler Lhazang Khan and to replace the unpopular [[Yeshe Gyatso|Sixth Dalai Lama pretender]] with the young Kelzang Gyatso. This plot suited the devious Dzungar leaders' ambitions and they were only too happy to oblige.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 285.</ref><ref>Smith 1997, pp. 122–3.</ref> Early in 1717, after conspiring to undermine Lhazang Khan through treachery they entered Tibet from the northwest with a large army, sending a smaller force to [[Kumbum]] to collect Kelzang Gyatso and escort him to Lhasa.<ref name="Smith 1997, pp. 123–4">Smith 1997, pp. 123–4.</ref><ref name="Mullin 2001, pp. 286–7">Mullin 2001, pp. 286–7.</ref>

By the end of the year, with Tibetan connivance they had captured Lhasa, killed Lhazang and all his family and deposed [[Yeshe Gyatso]]. But their force sent to fetch Kelzang Gyatso was intercepted and destroyed by Qing armies alerted by Lhazang. In Lhasa, the unruly Dzungar not only failed to produce the boy but also went on a rampage, looting and destroying holy places, abusing the populace, killing hundreds of Nyingma monks, causing chaos and bloodshed, and turning their Tibetan allies against them. The Tibetans soon appealed to the Kangxi Emperor to rid them of the Dzungars.<ref name="Smith 1997, pp. 123–4"/><ref name="Mullin 2001, pp. 286–7"/>

When the Dzungars had first attacked, the weakened Lhazang sent word to the Qing for support and they quickly dispatched two armies to assist, the first Chinese armies ever to enter Tibet, but they arrived too late. In 1718 they were halted not far from Lhasa to be defeated and then annihilated by the Dzungars in the [[Battle of the Salween River]].<ref>Richardson 1984, pp. 48–9.</ref><ref name="Stein 1972, p. 85">Stein 1972, p. 85.</ref>

==== Enthronement in Lhasa ====
This humiliation only determined the Kangxi Emperor to expel the [[Dzungars]] from Tibet once and for all and he set about assembling and dispatching a much larger force to march on Lhasa, bringing the emperor's [[Trump (card games)#Metaphorical uses|trump card]] the young Kelzang Gyatso with it. On the imperial army's stately passage from [[Kumbum]] to Lhasa with the boy being welcomed adoringly at every stage, [[Khoshut]] Mongols and Tibetans were happy (and well paid) to join and swell its ranks.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 287–9.</ref>

By the autumn of 1720, the marauding [[Dzungar people|Dzungar Mongols]] had been vanquished from Tibet. Qing imperial forces had entered Lhasa triumphantly with the 12-year-old, acting as patrons of the Dalai Lama, liberators of Tibet, allies of the Tibetan anti-Dzungar forces led by [[Khangchenné|Kangchenas]] and [[Polhané Sönam Topgyé|Polhanas]], and allies of the [[Khoshut]] Mongol princes. The delighted Tibetans enthroned him as the [[Seventh Dalai Lama]] at the [[Potala Palace]].<ref>Smith 1997, pp. 124–5.</ref><ref>Mullin 2001, p. 289.</ref>

A new Tibetan government was established consisting of a [[Kashag]] or cabinet of Tibetan ministers headed by [[Khangchenné|Kangchenas]]. Kelzang Gyatso, too young to participate in politics, studied Buddhism. He played a symbolic role in government, and, being profoundly revered by the Mongols, he exercised much influence with the Qing who now had now taken over Tibet's [[Priest-patron|patronage and protection]] from them.<ref>Smith 1997, pp. 124–6.</ref>

==== Exile to Kham ====
Having vanquished the Dzungars, the Qing army withdrew leaving the [[Seventh Dalai Lama]] as a political figurehead and only a [[Khalkha Mongol]] as the Qing ''[[amban]]'' or representative and a garrison in Lhasa.<ref name="Mullin 2001, p.291">Mullin 2001, p. 291.</ref><ref name=TN7>Smith 1997, p. 127.</ref> After the Kangxi Emperor died in 1722 and was succeeded by his son, the [[Yongzheng Emperor]], these were also withdrawn, leaving the Tibetans [[Autonomous|to rule autonomously]] and showing the Qing were interested in an alliance, not conquest.<ref name="Mullin 2001, p.291" /><ref name=TN7 /> In 1723, after brutally quelling a major rebellion by zealous Tibetan patriots and disgruntled [[Khoshut]] Mongols from Amdo who attacked [[Xining]], the Qing intervened again, splitting Tibet by putting [[Amdo]] and [[Kham]] under their own more direct control.<ref>Smith 1997, pp. 125–6.</ref>

Continuing Qing interference in [[Central Tibet]]an politics and religion incited an anti-Qing faction to quarrel with the Qing-sympathising Tibetan nobles in power in Lhasa, led by [[Khangchenné|Kanchenas]] who was supported by [[Pholhane|Polhanas]]. This led eventually to the murder of [[Khangchenné|Kanchenas]] in 1727 and a civil war that was resolved in 1728 with the canny [[Pholhane|Polhanas]], who had sent for Qing assistance, the victor. When the Qing forces did arrive they punished the losers and exiled the [[Seventh Dalai Lama]] to Kham, under the pretence of sending him to Beijing, because his father had assisted the defeated, anti-Qing faction. He studied and taught Buddhism there for the next seven years.<ref>Smith 1997, pp. 129–30.</ref>

==== Return to Lhasa ====
In 1735 he was allowed back to Lhasa to study and teach, but still under strict control, being mistrusted by the Qing, while [[Polhané Sönam Topgyé|Polhanas]] ruled [[Central Tibet]] under nominal Qing supervision. Meanwhile, the Qing had promoted the [[Fifth Panchen Lama]] to be a rival leader and reinstated the ''ambans'' and the Lhasa garrison. Polhanas died in 1747. He was succeeded by his son [[Gyurme Namgyal]], the last dynastic ruler of Tibet, who was far less cooperative with the Qing. He built a Tibetan army and started conspiring with the Dzungars to rid Tibet of Qing influence.<ref>Shakabpa 1967, pp. 147–8.</ref> In 1750, when the ''ambans'' realised this, they invited him and personally assassinated him. Despite the Dalai Lama's attempts to calm the angered populace, a vengeful Tibetan mob assassinated the ''ambans'', along with most of their escort.<ref>Smith 1997, p. 130–132.</ref>

==== Restoration as Tibet's political leader ====
The Qing sent yet another force 'to restore order' but when it arrived the situation had already been stabilised under the leadership of the [[7th Dalai Lama]] who was now seen to have demonstrated loyalty to the Qing. Just as Güshi Khan had done with the Fifth Dalai Lama, they therefore helped reconstitute the government with the Dalai Lama presiding over a [[Kashag]] of four Tibetans, reinvesting him with temporal power in addition to his already established spiritual leadership. This arrangement, with a Kashag under the Dalai Lama or his regent, outlasted the Qing dynasty which collapsed in 1912.<ref>Van Schaik 2011, p. 144; Shakabpa 1967, p. 150.</ref>

The ''ambans'' and their garrison were reinstated to observe and to some extent supervise affairs. Their influence generally waned with the power of their empire, which gradually declined after 1792 along with its influence over Tibet, a decline aided by a succession of corrupt or incompetent ''ambans''.<ref>Smith 1997, p. 137.</ref> Moreover, there was soon no reason for the Qing to fear the [[Dzungar people|Dzungar]]; by the time the [[Seventh Dalai Lama]] died in 1757 at the age of 49, the entire [[Dzungar people]] had been practically exterminated through years of genocidal campaigns by Qing armies, and deadly smallpox epidemics, with the survivors being forcibly transported into China. Their emptied lands were then awarded to other peoples.<ref>Smith 1997, p. 132–3.</ref>

According to Mullin, despite living through such violent times Kelzang Gyatso was perhaps 'the most spiritually learned and accomplished of any Dalai Lama', his written works comprising several hundred titles including 'some of Tibet's finest spiritual literary achievements'.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 302, p. 308.</ref> Despite his apparent lack of zeal in politics, Kelzang Gyatso is credited with establishing in 1751 the reformed government of Tibet headed by the Dalai Lama, which continued over 200 years until the 1950s, and then in exile.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 303.</ref> Construction of the [[Norbulingka]], the 'Summer Palace' of the Dalai Lamas in Lhasa was started during Kelzang Gyatso's reign.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Suhasini Haidar|title=At Lhasa, Tibetans still pray for Dalai Lama's return|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/at-lhasa-tibetans-still-pray-for-dalai-lamas-return/article6367393.ece|access-date=19 July 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=1 September 2014|archive-date=3 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903220607/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/at-lhasa-tibetans-still-pray-for-dalai-lamas-return/article6367393.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction to The Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka, Tibet|url=http://worldheritage.routes.travel/world-heritage-site/the-potala-palace-jokhang-temple-and-norbulingka-tibet/|publisher=World Heritage|access-date=19 July 2015|quote=Norbulingka was built in the 1700s by the seventh Dalai Lama and served as the regular dwelling of future Dalai Lamas. It is also referred to as the Summer Palace.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721213614/http://worldheritage.routes.travel/world-heritage-site/the-potala-palace-jokhang-temple-and-norbulingka-tibet/|archive-date=21 July 2015}}</ref>

=== 8th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|8th Dalai Lama}}

The [[Eighth Dalai Lama]], [[Jamphel Gyatso]], was born in [[Ü-Tsang|Tsang]] in 1758 and died aged 46 having taken little part in Tibetan politics, mostly leaving temporal matters to his [[regents]] and the ''ambans''.<ref>Smith 1997, pp. 133, 137.</ref> The Emperor of China exempted him from the lot-drawing ceremony of the [[Golden Urn]].<ref name="陈庆英2005_106">{{cite book|author=陈庆英|title=达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA106|year=2005|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-5085-0745-3|pages=106–}}</ref><ref name="Wang尼玛坚赞1997_p70">{{cite book|author1=Jiawei Wang|author2=尼玛坚赞|title=The Historical Status of China's Tibet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA70|year=1997|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-80113-304-5|pages=70–}}</ref> [[Qianlong Emperor]] officially accepted Gyiangbai as the 8th Dalai Lama when the 6th Panchen Erdeni came to congratulate the emperor on his 70th birthday in 1780. The emperor granted the 8th Dalai Lama a jade seal of authority and jade sheets of confirmation of authority.<ref name="陈庆英2005_p55">{{cite book|author=陈庆英|title=达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA55|year=2005|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-5085-0745-3|pages=55–}}</ref><ref name="Wang尼玛坚赞1997_p62">{{cite book|author1=Jiawei Wang|author2=尼玛坚赞|title=The Historical Status of China's Tibet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA62|year=1997|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-80113-304-5|pages=62–}}</ref> The confirmation of authority says:

{{blockquote|You, the Dalai Lama, are the legal incarnation of Zhongkapa. You are granted the jade certificate of confirmation of authority and jade seal of authority, which you enshrine in the Potala monastery to guard the gate of Buddhism forever. All documents sent for the country's important ceremonies must be stamped with this seal, and all the other reports can be stamped with the original seal. Since you enjoy such honor, you have to make efforts to promote self-cultivation, study and propagate Buddhism, and help me promote Buddhism and goodness of the previous generation of the Dalai Lama for the people, and for the long life of our country.<ref name="qing_emperor_gaozong">{{cite book|author1=Gaozong|title=Records of the Qing Emperor Gaozong, Vol. 1186. p. 9.}}</ref><ref name="Wang尼玛坚赞1997_p62" />}}

The Dalai Lama, his later generations and the local government cherished both the seal of authority and the sheets of authority. They were preserved as the root of their power.<ref name="Wang尼玛坚赞1997_p62" />

The 8th Dalai Lama lived almost as long as the [[Seventh Dalai Lama|Seventh]], but was overshadowed by many contemporary lamas in terms of both religious and political accomplishment. According to Mullin, the [[14th Dalai Lama]] has pointed to certain indications that Jamphel Gyatso might have been the incarnation not of the [[7th Dalai Lama]] but of Jamyang Chojey, a disciple of [[Tsongkhapa]] and founder of Drepung monastery who was also reputed to be an incarnation of [[Avalokiteshvara]]. In any case, he lived a quiet and unassuming life as a devoted and studious monk, uninvolved in the kind of dramas that had surrounded his predecessors.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 323–7.</ref>

Nevertheless, Jamphel Gyatso was said to possess all the signs of being the true incarnation of the Seventh. This was claimed to have been confirmed by many portents clear to the Tibetans and so, in 1762, at age five, he was enthroned as the [[Eighth Dalai Lama]] at the [[Potala Palace]].<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 328–332.</ref> At age 23 he was persuaded to assume the throne as ruler of Tibet with a regent to assist him and after three years of this, when the regent went to Beijing as ambassador in 1784, he ruled alone for four more years. But feeling unsuited to worldly affairs and unhappy in this role, he then retired from public office to concentrate on religious activities until his death in 1804.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 333–4.</ref> He is also credited with the construction of the [[Norbulingka]] "Summer Palace" started by his predecessor and with ordaining 10,000 monks in his efforts to foster monasticism.<ref>Mullin 2001 pp. 338–9.</ref>

=== 9th to 12th Dalai Lamas ===
Hugh Richardson's summary of the period covering the four short-lived, 19th-century Dalai Lamas:
{{blockquote|After him [the [[8th Dalai Lama]], Jamphel Gyatso], the [[9th Dalai Lama|9th]] and [[10th Dalai Lama]]s died before attaining their majority: one of them is credibly stated to have been murdered and strong suspicion attaches to the other. The [[11th Dalai Lama|11th]] and [[12th Dalai Lama|12th]] were each enthroned but died soon after being invested with power. For 113 years, therefore, supreme authority in Tibet was in the hands of a Lama Regent, except for about two years when a lay noble held office and for short periods of nominal rule by the 11th and 12th Dalai Lamas.{{NoteTag|According to Mullin, Smith and Shakabpa, however, the 12th Dalai Lama's Regent, Reting Rinpoche, was deposed in 1862 in a coup by Gyalpo Shetra and Tibet was ruled by despots or assemblies of abbots and ministers for the next eleven years, that is until 1873 when the 12th Dalai Lama assumed power.}} It has sometimes been suggested that this state of affairs was brought about by the Ambans—the Imperial Residents in Tibet—because it would be easier to control the Tibet through a Regent than when a Dalai Lama, with his absolute power, was at the head of the government. That is not true. The regular ebb and flow of events followed its set course. The Imperial Residents in Tibet, after the first flush of zeal in 1750, grew less and less interested and efficient. Tibet was, to them, exile from the urbanity and culture of Peking; and so far from dominating the Regents, the Ambans allowed themselves to be dominated. It was the ambition and greed for power of Tibetans that led to five successive Dalai Lamas being subjected to continuous tutelage.{{sfn|Richardson|1984|pp=59–60}}}}

[[Thubten Jigme Norbu]], the elder brother of the 14th Dalai Lama, described these unfortunate events as follows, although there are few, if any, indications that any of the four were said to be 'Chinese-appointed imposters':
{{blockquote|It is perhaps more than a coincidence that between the seventh and the thirteenth holders of that office, only one reached his majority. The eighth, Gyampal Gyatso, died when he was in his thirties, Lungtog Gyatso when he was eleven, Tsultrim Gyatso at eighteen, Khadrup Gyatso when he was eighteen also, and Krinla Gyatso at about the same age. The circumstances are such that it is very likely that some, if not all, were poisoned, either by loyal Tibetans for being Chinese-appointed impostors, or by the Chinese for not being properly manageable. Many Tibetans think that this was done at the time when the young [Dalai Lama] made his ritual visit to the Lake Lhamtso. ... Each of the four [Dalai Lamas] to die young expired shortly after his visit to the lake. Many said it was because they were not the true reincarnations, but imposters imposed by the Chinese. Others tell stories of how the cooks of the retinue, which in those days included many Chinese, were bribed to put poison in the [Dalai Lama's] food. The 13th [Dalai Lama] did not visit Lhamtso until he was 25 years old. He was adequately prepared by spiritual exercise and he also had faithful cooks. The Chinese were disappointed when he did not die like his predecessors, and he was to live long enough to give them much more cause for regret.{{sfn|Norbu|Turnbull|1968|pp=311–312}}{{NoteTag|According to their biographies, the [[8th Dalai Lama|Eighth, Jamphel Gyatso]] lived to 46 years old, the [[9th Dalai Lama|Ninth, Lungtok Gyatso]] to 9 years, the [[10th Dalai Lama|Tenth, Tsultrim Gyatso]] to 21, the [[Khedrup Gyatso|Eleventh, Khedrup Gyatso]] to 17 and the [[Trinley Gyatso|Twelfth, Trinley Gyatso]] to 18.}}}}

According to Mullin, on the other hand, it is improbable that the [[Manchus]] would have murdered any of these four for being 'unmanageable' since it would have been in their best interests to have strong Dalai Lamas ruling in Lhasa, he argues, agreeing with [[Hugh Edward Richardson|Richardson]] that it was rather "the ambition and greed for power of Tibetans" that might have caused the Lamas' early deaths.{{NoteTag|Considering what occurred in Lhasa after the Chinese ''ambans'' murdered [[Gyurme Namgyal]] in 1750, however, the Manchus would have been particularly reluctant to murder a Dalai Lama.}} Further, if Tibetan nobles murdered any of them, it would more likely have been in order to protect or enhance their family interests rather than out of suspicion that the Dalai Lamas were seen as Chinese-appointed imposters as suggested by Norbu. They could also have died from illnesses, possibly contracted from diseases to which they had no immunity, carried to Lhasa by the multitudes of pilgrims visiting from nearby countries for blessings. Finally, from the Buddhist point of view, Mullin says, "Simply stated, these four Dalai Lamas died young because the world did not have enough good karma to deserve their presence".<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 343–6.</ref>

In his history ''The Water-Bird and Other Years'', based on the Tibetan minister Surkhang Sawang Chenmo's historical manuscripts,<ref>Dhondup 1986, p. iv.</ref> Tibetan historian K. Dhondup disagrees with Mullin's opinion that having strong Dalai Lamas in power in Tibet would have been in China's best interests. He notes that many historians are compelled to suspect Manchu foul play in these serial early deaths because the Ambans had such latitude to interfere; the Manchu, he says, "to perpetuate their domination over Tibetan affairs, did not desire a Dalai Lama who will ascend the throne and become a strong and capable ruler over his own country and people". By upholding ''de facto'' Tibetan independence from China from 1912 to 1950, the 13th Dalai Lama is the living proof of this, Dhondup argues.<ref>Dhondup 1986, p. 3.</ref> This account also corresponds with TJ Norbu's observations above.

Finally, while acknowledging the possibility, the [[14th Dalai Lama]] himself doubts they were poisoned. He ascribes the probable cause of these early deaths to negligence, foolishness and lack of proper medical knowledge and attention. "Even today", he has said, "when people get sick, some [Tibetans] will say: 'Just do your prayers, you don't need medical treatment.'"<ref>Laird 2006, p. 197.</ref>

==== 9th Dalai Lama ====
{{Main|9th Dalai Lama}}

Born in Kham in 1805–6 amidst the usual miraculous signs the [[9th Dalai Lama|Ninth Dalai Lama, Lungtok Gyatso]] was appointed by the [[7th Panchen Lama]]'s search team at the age of two and enthroned in the Potala in 1808 at an impressive ceremony attended by representatives from China, Mongolia, Nepal and Bhutan. Exemption from using [[Golden Urn]] was approved by the Emperor.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 346–8.</ref><ref>Shakabpa 1984, p. 172.</ref> Tibetan historian Nyima Gyaincain and Wang Jiawei point out that the 9th Dalai Lama was allowed to use the seal of authority given to the late 8th Dalai Lama by the Emperor of China<ref name="Wang尼玛坚赞1997_p71">{{cite book |first1 = Jiawei |last1 = Wang |author2 = 尼玛坚赞 |title = The Historical Status of China's Tibet |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA71 |year = 1997 |publisher=五洲传播出版社 |isbn = 978-7-80113-304-5 |pages=71– }}</ref>

His second Regent Demo Tulku was the biographer of the 8th and 9th Dalai Lamas and though the 9th died at the age of 9, his biography is as lengthy as those of many of the early Dalai Lamas.<ref>Mullin 2001, p. 348.</ref> In 1793 under Manchu pressure, Tibet had closed its borders to foreigners.<ref>Shakabpa 1984, p. 173.</ref><ref>Richardson 1984, p. 71.</ref> In 1811, a British Sinologist, [[Thomas Manning (sinologist)|Thomas Manning]] became the first Englishman to visit Lhasa. Considered to be 'the first Chinese scholar in Europe'<ref>{{acad|id=MNN790T|name=Manning, Thomas}}</ref> he stayed five months and gave enthusiastic accounts in his journal of his regular meetings with the Ninth Dalai Lama whom he found fascinating: "beautiful, elegant, refined, intelligent, and entirely self-possessed, even at the age of six".<ref>Mullin 2001, 349–351.</ref> Three years later in March 1815 the young Lungtok Gyatso caught a severe cold and, leaving the [[Potala Palace]] to preside over the [[Monlam Prayer Festival]], he contracted pneumonia from which he soon died.<ref>Shakabpa 1984, p. 174.</ref><ref>Mullin 2001, p. 352.</ref>

==== 10th Dalai Lama ====
{{Main|10th Dalai Lama}}

Like the [[Seventh Dalai Lama]], the [[10th Dalai Lama|Tenth, Tsultrim Gyatso]], was born in [[Litang County|Lithang]], Kham, where the Third Dalai Lama had built a monastery. It was 1816 and Regent Demo Tulku and the [[Seventh Panchen Lama]] followed indications from [[Nechung]], the 'state oracle' which led them to appoint him at the age of two. He passed all the tests and was brought to Lhasa but official recognition was delayed until 1822 when he was enthroned and ordained by the Seventh Panchen Lama. There are conflicting reports about whether the Chinese '[[Golden Urn]]' was utilised by drawing lots to choose him, but lot-drawing result was reported and approved by emperor.<ref name="S138">Smith 1996, p. 138.</ref> The 10th Dalai Lama mentioned in his biography that he was allowed to use the golden seal of authority based on the convention set up by the late Dalai Lama. At the investiture, decree of the Emperor of China was issued and read out.<ref name="陈庆英2005_p85">{{cite book |author = 陈庆英 (Chen Qingying) |title = 达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA85 |year=2005 |publisher=五洲传播出版社 |isbn=978-7-5085-0745-3 |pages=85– }}</ref>

After 15 years of intensive studies and failing health he died, in 1837, at the age of 20 or 21.<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 353–360.</ref><ref>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 174–6.</ref> He identified with ordinary people rather than the court officials and often sat on his verandah in the sunshine with the office clerks. Intending to empower the common people he planned to institute political and economic reforms to share the nation's wealth more equitably. Over this period his health had deteriorated, the implication being that he may have suffered from slow poisoning by Tibetan aristocrats whose interests these reforms were threatening.<ref>Mullin 2001, 360.</ref> He was also dissatisfied with his Regent and the [[Kashag]] and scolded them for not alleviating the condition of the common people, who had suffered much in small ongoing regional civil wars waged in [[Qinghai|Kokonor]] between Mongols, local Tibetans and the government over territory, and in [[Kham]] to extract unpaid taxes from rebellious Tibetan communities.<ref name="S138" /><ref>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 175–6.</ref>

==== 11th Dalai Lama ====
{{Main|11th Dalai Lama}}

Born in Gathar, [[Kham]] in 1838 and soon discovered by the official search committee with the help of the [[Nechung Oracle]], the [[11th Dalai Lama|Eleventh Dalai Lama]] was brought to Lhasa in 1841 and recognised, enthroned and named [[Khedrup Gyatso]] by the [[Panchen Lama]] on April 16, 1842, seal of authority and golden sheets were granted on the same date.<ref>{{cite web |title=道光皇帝册封十一世达赖喇嘛之金册 |url=http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/2021-10/28/content_41720536.htm |website=[[China Tibetology Research Center]]}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=December 2025}}{{Independent source inline|date=December 2025}} [[Sitting-in-the-bed]] ceremony was held in July 1844.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA80 | title=The System of the Dalai Lama Reincarnation | isbn=9787508507453 | author1=陈庆英 | date=30 October 2023 | publisher=五洲传播出版社 }}</ref> After that he was immersed in religious studies under the Panchen Lama, amongst other great masters. Meanwhile, there were court intrigues and ongoing power struggles taking place between the various Lhasa factions, the Regent, the [[Kashag]], the powerful nobles and the abbots and monks of the three great monasteries. The Tsemonling Regent<ref>{{cite web |url = http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Trichen-73-Ngawang-Jampel-Tsultrim-Gyatso/6979 |title = The Second Tsemonling, Ngawang Jampel Tsultrim Gyatso |website = The Treasury of Lives |access-date = 23 July 2015 |archive-date = 23 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150723222940/http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Trichen-73-Ngawang-Jampel-Tsultrim-Gyatso/6979 |url-status = live }}</ref> became mistrusted and was forcibly deposed, there were machinations, plots, beatings and kidnappings of ministers and so forth, resulting at last in the Panchen Lama being appointed as interim Regent to keep the peace.

Eventually the Third Reting Rinpoche was made Regent, and in 1855, Khedrup Gyatso, appearing to be an extremely promising prospect, was requested to take the reins of power at the age of 17. He was enthroned as ruler of Tibet in 1855,<ref name=M361-7>Mullin 2001, pp. 361–7.</ref><ref name=S176-81>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 176–181.</ref> on orders of the [[Xianfeng Emperor]].<ref name="陈庆英2005_p91">{{cite book |author=陈庆英 (Chen Qingying) |title = 达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA91 |year = 2005 |publisher=五洲传播出版社 |isbn = 978-7-5085-0745-3 |pages = 91– }}</ref> He died after just 11 months, no reason for his sudden and premature death being given in these accounts, Shakabpa and Mullin's histories both being based on untranslated Tibetan chronicles. The respected Reting Rinpoche was recalled once again to act as Regent and requested to lead the search for the next incarnation, the twelfth.<ref name="M361-7" /><ref name="S176-81" />

==== 12th Dalai Lama ====
{{Main|12th Dalai Lama}}

In 1856, a child was born in south [[central Tibet]] with all the usual extraordinary signs. He came to the notice of the search team, was investigated, passed the traditional tests and was recognised as the [[12th Dalai Lama]] in 1858. The use of the Chinese [[Golden Urn]] at the insistence of the regent, who was later accused of being a Chinese lackey, confirmed this choice to everyone's satisfaction. He was renamed [[Trinley Gyatso]] and enthroned on July 3, 1860, after the emperor's edict from [[Amban]] was announced.<ref>{{cite web |title=【活佛转世】陈庆英等：认定十一世、十二世达赖喇嘛的经过 |url=http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/2022-08/29/content_42086423.htm |website=[[China Tibetology Research Center]]}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=December 2025}}{{Independent source inline|date=December 2025}} He underwent 13 years of intensive tutelage and training before becoming Tibet's ruler at age 17.<ref name="M367">Mullin 2001, pp. 367–373.</ref>

His minority seems to have been a time of even deeper Lhasan political intrigue and power struggles than his predecessor's. In 1862 Wangchuk Shetra, a minister the regent had banished for conspiring against him, led a coup. Shetra contrived to return, deposed the regent, who fled to China, and seized power, appointing himself "Desi", or Prime Minister.<ref name="M367" /> He then ruled with "absolute power" for three years,<ref name="S188">Shakabpa 1984, pp. 188–9.</ref> quelling a major rebellion in northern Kham in 1863 and reestablishing Tibetan control over significant [[Qing]]-held territory there.<ref name=Sm140>Smith 1997, p. 140.</ref> Shetra died in 1864 and the [[Kashag]] reassumed power. The retired 76th [[Ganden Tripa]], Khyenrab Wangchuk, was appointed regent but his role was limited to supervising and mentoring Trinley Gyatso.<ref name="M367" /><ref name="S188" />

In 1868 Shetra's coup organiser, a semi-literate [[Ganden]] monk named Palden Dondrup, seized power in another coup and ruled as a cruel despot for three years, putting opponents to death by having them "sewn into fresh animal skins and thrown in the river".<ref name="S188" /> In 1871, at the request of officials outraged after Dondrup had done that to one minister and imprisoned several others, he was ousted and committed suicide after a counter-coup coordinated by the supposedly powerless regent Khyenrab Wangchuk.<ref name="S188" /> As a result, Tibetans fondly remember Khyenrab Wangchuk, who died the next year, as saviour of the Dalai Lama and the nation. The Kashag and the Tsongdu or National Assembly were reinstated, and, presided over by a Dalai Lama or his regent, ruled without further interruption until 1959.<ref name="M367" />

But according to Smith, during Trinley Gyatso's minority, an alliance of monks and officials called ''Gandre Drungche'' (Ganden and Drepung Monks Assembly) deposed the regent in 1862 for abuse of authority and closeness with China; this body then ruled Tibet for ten years until it dissolved when a National Assembly of monks and officials called the ''Tsongdu'' was created and took over. Smith makes no mention of Shetra or Dondrup acting as usurpers and despots in this period.<ref name="Sm140" />

In any case, Trinley Gyatso died within three years of assuming power. In 1873, at age 20, "he suddenly became ill and passed away".<ref name="M367" /> Accounts of his cause of death diverge. Mullin relates an interesting theory, based on Tibetan sources: out of concern for the monastic tradition, Trinley Gyatso chose to die and reincarnate as the [[13th Dalai Lama]] rather than marry a woman called Rigma Tsomo from Kokonor and leaving an heir to "oversee Tibet's future".<ref>Mullin 2001, pp. 373–375.</ref> On the other hand, without citing sources, Shakabpa notes that Trinley Gyatso was influenced and manipulated by two close acquaintances who were subsequently accused of having a hand in his fatal illness and imprisoned, tortured, and exiled as a result.<ref>Shakabpa 1984, p. 191.</ref>

=== 13th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|13th Dalai Lama}}

[[File:Throne awaiting Dalai Lama's return. Summer residence Nechung. 1993.JPG|upright|thumb|Throne awaiting Dalai Lama's return. Summer residence of 14th Dalai Lama, [[Nechung]], Tibet.]]

In 1877, request to exempt Lobu Zangtab Kaijia Mucuo ({{lang-zh|罗布藏塔布开甲木措}}) from using lot-drawing process [[Golden Urn]] to become the [[13th Dalai Lama]] was approved by the Central Government.<ref name="Guangxu 1877">{{citation |script-title=zh:光绪三年（一八七七年），由八世班禅丹白旺秀和摄政王公德林呼图克图、三大寺和扎什伦布寺的全体僧俗官员，联名要求驻藏大臣转奏朝廷，以只选定了一名灵童，且经各方公认，请免予金瓶制签。当年三月，光绪帝谕旨:"贡噶仁钦之子罗布藏塔布开甲木措，即作为达赖喇嘛之呼毕勒罕，毋庸制签，钦此。" |trans-title=In the third year of Guangxu (1877), the eighth Panchen Lama Danbai Wangxiu and the regent Delin Hutuktu, all monks and lay officials from the Three Great Temples and Tashilhunpo Monastery jointly asked the Minister in Tibet to transfer to the court. Since only one soul boy has been selected, and it has been recognized by all parties, please be exempt from signing the golden bottle. In March of that year, Emperor Guangxu issued a decree: "Lob Zangtab, son of Gongga Rinqin, opened Jiamucuo, that is, as the call of the Dalai Lama, Bielehan, there is no need to make a lottery."}}</ref> The [[13th Dalai Lama]] assumed ruling power from the monasteries, which previously had great influence on the Regent, in 1895. Due to his two periods of exile in 1904–1909 to escape the British invasion of 1904, and from 1910–1912 to escape a Chinese invasion, he became well aware of the complexities of international politics and was the first Dalai Lama to become aware of the importance of foreign relations. After his return from exile in India and [[Sikkim]] during January 1913, he assumed control of foreign relations and dealt directly with the [[Maharaja]], with the British Political officer in Sikkim and with the king of [[Nepal]] – rather than letting the Kashag or parliament do it.{{sfn|Sheel|1989|pp=24, 29}}

The Great Thirteenth Thubten Gyatso then published the Tibetan Declaration of Independence for the entirety of Tibet in 1913.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.darjeeling-unlimited.com/declaration.html|title=Darjeeling Unlimited :: Tibetan Declaration of Independence|access-date=24 March 2022|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026171012/http://www.darjeeling-unlimited.com/declaration.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tibet's independence was never recognized by the Chinese (who claimed all land ever administered by the Manchus) but was recognized by the Kingdom of Nepal, who would use Tibet as one of its first references regarding its independent status when submitting an application to join the UN in 1949.<ref>{{citation|url=https://sites.google.com/site/legalmaterialsontibet/home/nepal-un-app|title=Nepal UN App - Legal Materials on Tibet|access-date=24 March 2022|archive-date=9 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509122054/https://sites.google.com/site/legalmaterialsontibet/home/nepal-un-app|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2024}} According to a Tibetan website, Nepal listed Tibet as a country just as independent and sovereign, with no mention of Chinese 'suzerainty'. Its relations with Tibet were apparently second in significance only to its relations with Britain, and even more significant than its relations with the USA or even India.<ref>{{citation|url=https://bodrigpunda.org/the-forgotten-history-of-tibets-role-in-nepals-1949-un-application/|title=The Forgotten History of Tibet's Role in Nepal's 1949 UN Application | Bodrigpunda Association|date=4 September 2013 |access-date=24 March 2022|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410220253/https://bodrigpunda.org/the-forgotten-history-of-tibets-role-in-nepals-1949-un-application/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Third-party inline|date=August 2024|reason=An editorial from a Tibetan newspaper is not RS.}} Nepal established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1955 and recognized Tibet as a part of China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal's Cautious Approach to the Tibetan Question |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/07/nepals-cautious-approach-to-the-tibetan-question/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Furthermore, Tibet and Mongolia both signed the [[Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet]]. Neither countries' independence statuses were ever recognized by the KMT government in China, who would continue to completely claim both as Chinese territory. He expelled the [[amban]]s and all Chinese civilians in the country and instituted many measures to modernize Tibet. These included provisions to curb excessive demands on peasants for provisions by the monasteries and tax evasion by the nobles, setting up an independent police force, the abolition of the death penalty, extension of secular education, and the provision of electricity throughout the city of Lhasa in the 1920s.{{sfn|Norbu|Turnbull|1968|pp=317–318}} He died in 1933.

=== 14th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|14th Dalai Lama}}

[[File:His Holiness giving teachings at Sissu, Lahaul.jpg|thumb|The Dalai Lama giving teachings at [[Sissu]], Lahaul]]
The 14th Dalai Lama was born on 6 July 1935 on a straw mat in a cowshed to a farmer's family in a remote part of Tibet.<ref>Laird 2006, p. 261.</ref> According to most Western journalistic sources<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sturcke|first1=James|title=Dalai Lama defies China over successor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/27/china.jamessturcke|access-date=29 June 2017|work=The Guardian|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803130607/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/27/china.jamessturcke|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Nagle|first1=Jeanne|title=The Dalai Lama: Spiritual Leader of the Tibetan People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0gBAAAQBAJ&q=dalai+lama+family+humble+origins&pg=PT9|access-date=29 June 2017|isbn=9781622754410|date=15 July 2014|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410220310/https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0gBAAAQBAJ&q=dalai+lama+family+humble+origins&pg=PT9|url-status=live}}</ref> he was born into a humble family of farmers as one of 16 children, and one of the three reincarnated rinpoches in the same family.<ref name="Committee2008">{{cite book|author=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee|title=Human Rights Annual Report 2007: Ninth Report of Session 2007–08, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7dJbld9PzQC&pg=PA124|date=20 July 2008|publisher=The Stationery Office|isbn=978-0-215-52193-4|pages=124–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=統一論壇|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymhKAQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=統一論壇雜誌社}} |quote=据统计,民主改革前,十四世达赖喇嘛家族在西藏占有 27 座庄园、 30 个牧场,拥有农
牧奴 6000 多人</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=十四世达赖喇嘛|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etOVRV2Lr6oC&pg=PA23|year=1977|isbn = 9787801132987|author1 = 司仁|author2 = 格旺| publisher=五洲传播出版社 }} |quote=拉萨西北50公里处的堆龙德庆县色村，民主改革前是十四世达赖喇嘛家的庄园。当时庄囩里20户差巴(农奴)。</ref> On 5 February 1940, the Central Government approved the request to exempt Lhamo Thondup ({{lang-zh|拉木登珠}}) from the lot-drawing process to become the 14th Dalai Lama.<ref>{{citation |script-title=zh:1940年2月5日，国民政府正式颁发命令："青海灵童拉木登珠，慧性湛深，灵异特著，查系第十三辈达赖喇嘛转世，应即免予抽签，特准继任为第十四辈达赖喇嘛。此令。" |trans-title=On February 5, 1940, the National Government formally issued an order: "The Qinghai soul boy, Lamu Dengzhu, has profound wisdom, and a special book. The reincarnation of the 13th generation of the Dalai Lama should be exempted from drawing lots and succeeded to the 14th generation of Dalai Lama. By order."}}</ref><ref name=yuan>{{cite web |url=http://www.livingbuddha.us.com/view-a4a452dadc42426184aa073f08dd26fb.html |publisher=Museum of Tibetan Culture of China Tibetology Research Center |title=Executive Yuan's Report to the National Government Regarding the Request to Approve Lhamo Thondup to Succeed the Fourteenth Dalai lama and to Appropriate Expenditure for His Enthronement |website=The Reincarnation of Living Buddhas |date=1940 |access-date=19 August 2021 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930211113/http://www.livingbuddha.us.com/view-a4a452dadc42426184aa073f08dd26fb.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The 14th Dalai Lama was not formally enthroned until 17 November 1950, during the [[Battle of Chamdo]] with the People's Republic of China. On 18 April 1959, he issued a statement<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/590418_Tezpur_Statement.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111232212/http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/590418_Tezpur_Statement.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-11 |url-status=live |title=Statement issued at Tezpur |date=18 April 1959 |work=The Dalai Lama's Press Statements}}</ref> that in 1951, the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government were pressured into accepting the [[Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet]] by which it became formally incorporated into the People's Republic of China.<ref>Powers, John. ''History as Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles versus the People's Republic of China'' (2004) Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-517426-7}}</ref> The United States informed the Dalai Lama in 1951 that in order to receive its assistance and support he must leave Tibet and publicly disavow "agreements concluded under duress" between Tibetan and Chinese representatives.<ref name="Goldstein2007">{{cite book|author=Melvyn C. Goldstein|title=A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 2: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951–1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wg6RXkS_3M0C&pg=PA232|date=August 2007|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24941-7|pages=232–|quote=Your Holiness will understand, of course, that the readiness of the United States to render you the assistance and support outlined above is conditional upon your departure from Tibet, upon your public disavowal of agreements concluded under duress between the representatives of Tibet and those of the Chinese Communist aggression.|access-date=19 August 2021|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606092602/https://books.google.com/books?id=wg6RXkS_3M0C&pg=PA232%2F|url-status=live}}</ref> Fearing for his life in the wake of a [[1959 Tibetan uprising|revolt in Tibet in 1959]], the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India, where he led a [[Tibetan government in exile|government in exile]].<ref>[http://tibet.net/en/index.php?id=9 ''Tibet in Exile''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222005721/http://tibet.net/en/index.php?id=9 |date=22 December 2010 }}, CTA Official website. Retrieved 15 December 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.metrolic.com/dalai-lama-intends-to-retire-as-head-of-tibetan-state-in-exile-148540/ ''Dalai Lama Intends To Retire As Head of Tibetan State In Exile''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727135808/http://www.metrolic.com/dalai-lama-intends-to-retire-as-head-of-tibetan-state-in-exile-148540/ |date=27 July 2013 }} by Mihai-Silviu Chirila (23 November 2010), Metrolic. Retrieved 2010-12-15.</ref>

With the aim of launching [[CIA Tibetan program|guerrilla operations against the Chinese]], the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] funded the Dalai Lama's administration with US$1.7 million a year in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/02/world/world-news-briefs-dalai-lama-group-says-it-got-money-from-cia.html|title= Dalai Lama Group Says It Got Money From C.I.A.|work= The New York Times|date= 2 October 1998|access-date= 15 February 2017|archive-date= 14 October 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171014181454/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/02/world/world-news-briefs-dalai-lama-group-says-it-got-money-from-cia.html|url-status= live}}</ref> In 2001, the 14th Dalai Lama ceded his partial power over the government to an elected parliament of Tibetan exiles. His original goal was [[Tibetan independence movement|full independence for Tibet]], but by the late 1980s he sought high-level autonomy instead.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JK27Ad01.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114944/http://atimes.com/atimes/China/JK27Ad01.html|url-status= unfit|archive-date= 4 December 2008|title= Tibetans stick to the 'middle way'|first= Denis|last= Burke|date= 27 November 2008|access-date= 7 August 2010|work= [[Asia Times]]}}</ref> He continued to seek greater autonomy from China, but Dolma Gyari, deputy speaker of the parliament-in-exile, said: "If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or self-determination as per the UN charter".<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/The-burden-of-being-Dalai-Lama/articleshow/5183939.cms |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103054830/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-31/india/28072137_1_tawang-14th-dalai-lama-lhasa |url-status = live |archive-date = 3 November 2012 |title = The burden of being Dalai Lama |first = Shobhan |last = Saxena |work = [[The Times of India]] |date = 31 October 2009 |access-date = 6 August 2010 |quote = If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or self-determination as per the UN charter }}</ref>

The 14th Dalai Lama became one of the two most popular world leaders by 2013 (tied with [[Barack Obama]]), according to a poll by [[Harris Insights & Analytics|Harris Interactive]] of New York, which sampled public opinion in the U.S. and six major European countries.<ref name=Harrispoll>{{cite web |author1=Regina A. Corso |title=The Dalai Lama, President Obama and Pope Francis at Highest Levels of Popularity in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries |url=http://www.theharrispoll.com/politics/The_Dalai_Lama__President_Obama_and_Pope_Francis_at_Highest_Levels_of_Popularity_in_U_S__and_Five_Largest_European_Countries.html|publisher=Harris, A Nielsen Company |location=New York |date=29 May 2013 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040958/http://www.theharrispoll.com/politics/The_Dalai_Lama__President_Obama_and_Pope_Francis_at_Highest_Levels_of_Popularity_in_U_S__and_Five_Largest_European_Countries.html|archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2014 and 2016, he said that Tibet wants to be part of China but China should let Tibet preserve its culture and script.<ref>{{cite web| title = Dalai Lama says Tibet wants to remain part of China| date = 4 February 2014| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dalai-lama-says-tibet-wants-to-remain-part-of-china/1/341687.html| access-date = 14 March 2017| archive-date = 15 March 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170315000855/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dalai-lama-says-tibet-wants-to-remain-part-of-china/1/341687.html| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = We want to stay within China: His Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet | url = http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/international/5282-we-want-to-stay-within-china-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-of-tibet | date = 19 November 2016 | access-date = 14 March 2017 | archive-date = 15 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170315003852/http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/international/5282-we-want-to-stay-within-china-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-of-tibet | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2018, he said that "Europe belongs to the Europeans" and that Europe has a moral obligation to aid refugees whose lives are in peril. He added that Europe should receive, help, and educate refugees but that they should ultimately return to develop their home countries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180912-dalai-lama-says-europe-belongs-europeans|title=Dalai Lama says 'Europe belongs to Europeans'|date=12 September 2018|publisher=France 24|access-date=14 September 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314054736/https://www.france24.com/en/20180912-dalai-lama-says-europe-belongs-europeans|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 14 September 2018 |title= Dalai Lama says 'Europe belongs to the Europeans' and suggests refugees return to native countries |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/dalai-lama-europe-refugee-crisis-immigration-eu-racism-tibet-buddhist-a8537221.html |access-date= 10 April 2023 |work= [[The Independent]] |archive-date= 19 March 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230319203152/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/dalai-lama-europe-refugee-crisis-immigration-eu-racism-tibet-buddhist-a8537221.html |url-status= live }}</ref> He made similar comments in an interview the next year. He also said that a female Dalai Lama "should be more attractive" because if she looked a certain way people would "prefer not see … that face".<ref>{{cite news |date= 27 July 2019 |title= The Dalai Lama just said some (more) controversial things about women and migrants |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/27/world/dalai-lama-female-successor-europe-trump-bbc-trnd/index.html |access-date= 10 April 2023 |publisher= [[CNN]] |archive-date= 5 December 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221205171137/http://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/27/world/dalai-lama-female-successor-europe-trump-bbc-trnd/index.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

In 2019, the Dalai Lama spoke out about his successor, saying that after his death he is likely to be reincarnated in India. He also warned that any Chinese interference in succession should be considered invalid.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exclusive: Dalai Lama contemplates Chinese gambit after his death |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-tibet-dalai-lama-exclusive/exclusive-dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death-idUSKCN1QZ1NS |work=Reuters |language=en |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605104633/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-tibet-dalai-lama-exclusive/exclusive-dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death-idUSKCN1QZ1NS |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death/articleshow/68475487.cms|title=Dalai Lama contemplates Chinese gambit after his death|website=The Times of India|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319124837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death/articleshow/68475487.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Dalai Lama's succession also involves Mongolia, given its strong Tibetan Buddhist ties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weekly |first=Mongolia |date=2024-12-15 |title=Mongolia, the Next Dalai Lama, and the Shadow of Global Politics |url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/mongolia-the-next-dalai-lama-and-the-shadow-of-global-politics |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Mongolia Weekly |language=en}}</ref> The Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the latest one chosen from Mongolia, is the third most important figure in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy, and plays a significant role in the recognition of the next Dalai Lama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adiya |first=Amar |date=2023-04-04 |title=China's Grip on Mongolia's Quest for Buddhism Leadership |url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/china-influence-tibetan-buddhism |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Mongolia Weekly |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, the Dalai Lama said he did not support Tibetan independence and hoped to visit China as a Nobel Prize winner. He said "I prefer the concept of a 'republic' in the People's Republic of China. In the concept of a republic, ethnic minorities are like Tibetans, Mongols, Manchus, and Xinjiang Uyghurs. We can live in harmony".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Xia |first1=Xiaohua | title= The Dalai Lama emphasizes that he does not support Tibetan independence and hopes to visit China as a Nobel Prize winner |url= https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/shaoshuminzu/hx1-10022020091411.html |access-date=2 October 2020|website= RFA |date=2 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201002230324/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/shaoshuminzu/hx1-10022020091411.html | archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref>

In 2021, he praised India as a role model for religious harmony in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2021 |title=What Dalai Lama Said On India's Role In World's Religious Harmony |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dalai-lama-dalai-lama-news-what-dalai-lama-said-on-indias-role-in-religious-harmony-in-the-world-2659307 |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312233226/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dalai-lama-dalai-lama-news-what-dalai-lama-said-on-indias-role-in-religious-harmony-in-the-world-2659307 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-20 |title=India role model for religious harmony in the world, says Dalai Lama |url=https://en.trend.az/world/other/3529518.html |website=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312233228/https://en.trend.az/world/other/3529518.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, a video showed the Dalai Lama in the city of [[Dharamshala]], India, asking a boy for a kiss on the lips, and then to suck his tongue.<ref>{{cite AV media |date= 10 April 2023 |title= Dalai Lama apologizes for video of him kissing boy |url= https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/04/10/dalai-lama-kiss-young-boy-apology-vedika-sud-ovn-intl-ldn-vpx.cnn |access-date= 10 April 2023 |publisher= [[CNN]] |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410085420/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/04/10/dalai-lama-kiss-young-boy-apology-vedika-sud-ovn-intl-ldn-vpx.cnn |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dalai Lama apologises after video asking boy to suck his tongue|website=[[Reuters]]|date=10 April 2023 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/dalai-lama-apologises-after-video-asking-boy-suck-my-tongue-2023-04-10/|access-date=10 April 2023|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410094340/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/dalai-lama-apologises-after-video-asking-boy-suck-my-tongue-2023-04-10/|url-status=live}}</ref> He later apologized and expressed regret through a statement that claimed he "often teases people he meets in an innocent and playful way, even in public and before cameras" and "regrets the incident".<ref>{{cite news |date= 10 April 2023 |title= Dalai Lama apologizes after video asking child to 'suck' his tongue sparks outcry |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/10/india/dalai-lama-apology-kissing-boy-video-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date= 10 April 2023 |publisher= [[CNN]] |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410083241/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/10/india/dalai-lama-apology-kissing-boy-video-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

The Dalai Lama celebrated his 90th birthday on 6 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=2025-07-06 |title=Dalai Lama, a global symbol of Tibetan culture and resistance, turns 90 |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/07/06/nx-s1-5458378/dalai-lama-90-tibet |access-date=2025-07-07 |work=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Before the celebration, he confirmed that the Gaden Phodrang Trust will supervise the [[Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama|process of appointing a successor]] after his death, in accordance with tradition. The Chinese government has disputed this practice and argues it has sole authority to select a future Dalai Lama.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Macrae |first=Penelope |date=2025-07-02 |title=Dalai Lama defies China to say successor will be chosen by Tibetan tradition |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/02/dalai-lama-says-there-will-be-search-for-his-successor-ending-years-of-speculation |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

== Residences ==
The first Dalai Lama was based at [[Tashi Lhunpo Monastery]], which he founded. The Second to the Fifth Dalai Lamas were mainly based at Drepung Monastery outside Lhasa. In 1645, after the unification of Tibet, the Fifth moved to the ruins of a royal fortress or residence on top of ''Marpori'' ('Red Mountain') in Lhasa and decided to build a palace on the same site. This ruined palace, called Tritse Marpo, was originally built around A.D. 636 by the founder of the [[Tibetan Empire]], [[Songtsen Gampo]], for his Nepalese wife.<ref>Shakabpa 1984, pp. 112–113.</ref> Amongst the ruins there was just a small temple left where [[Tsongkhapa]] had given a teaching when he arrived in Lhasa in the 1380s.<ref name="Laird 2006, p. 177">Laird 2006, p. 177.</ref>

The Fifth Dalai Lama began construction of the [[Potala Palace]] on this site in 1645,<ref name="Laird 2006, p. 177"/> carefully incorporating what was left of his predecessor's palace into its structure.<ref name=mull201 /> From then on and until today, unless on tour or in exile the Dalai Lamas have always spent their winters at the Potala Palace and their summers at the [[Norbulingka]] palace and park. Both palaces are in Lhasa and approximately 3 km apart.

Following the failed [[1959 Tibetan uprising]], the 14th Dalai Lama sought refuge in India. Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] allowed in the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government officials. The Dalai Lama has since lived in exile in [[McLeod Ganj]], in the Kangra district of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in northern India, where the [[Central Tibetan Administration]] is established. His residence on the Temple Road in McLeod Ganj is called the [[Namgyal Monastery|Dalai Lama Temple]] and is visited by people from across the globe. Tibetan refugees have constructed and opened many schools and Buddhist temples in Dharamshala.<ref>[http://www.brooklynrail.org/2008/04/express/dispatches-from-the-tibetan-front-dharamsala-india "Dispatches from the Tibetan Front: Dharamshala, India,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423072304/http://www.brooklynrail.org/2008/04/express/dispatches-from-the-tibetan-front-dharamsala-india |date=23 April 2008 }} Litia Perta, ''The Brooklyn Rail'', 4 April 2008</ref>

<gallery class="center" heights="220px" widths="220px">
File:Potala.jpg|[[Potala Palace]]
File:Norbulinka. August, 1993.JPG|[[Norbulingka]]
</gallery>

== Searching for the reincarnation ==
{{Main|Panchen Lama}}

[[File:DLHaus.jpg|thumb|The search for the 14th Dalai Lama took the High Lamas to [[Taktser]] in [[Amdo]].]]
[[File:Palden Lhamo, Tawang Monastery.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Palden Lhamo]], the female guardian spirit of the [[sacred lake]], [[Lhamo La-tso]], who promised Gendun Drup, the 1st Dalai Lama, in one of his visions that "she would protect the 'reincarnation' lineage of the Dalai Lamas"]]

By the Himalayan tradition, ''[[phowa]]'' is the discipline that is believed to transfer the mindstream to the intended body. Upon the death of the Dalai Lama and consultation with the [[Nechung Oracle]], a search for the Lama's ''yangsi'', or [[reincarnation]], is conducted.<ref name="sdpcnw">{{cite web|title=The Dalai Lama|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/people/dalailama_1.shtml|publisher=BBC|access-date=17 May 2008|date=21 September 2006|archive-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104192733/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/people/dalailama_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> The government of the People's Republic of China has stated its intention to be the ultimate authority on the selection of the next Dalai Lama.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=China's Tensions With Dalai Lama Spill into the Afterlife|author=Buckley, Chris|date=11 March 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/world/asia/chinas-tensions-with-dalai-lama-spill-into-the-afterlife.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/world/asia/chinas-tensions-with-dalai-lama-spill-into-the-afterlife.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

High Lamas may also claim to have a vision by a dream or if the Dalai Lama was cremated, they will often monitor the direction of the smoke as an 'indication' of the direction of the expected rebirth.<ref name="sdpcnw" />

If there is only one boy found, the High Lamas will invite Living Buddhas of the three great monasteries, together with secular clergy and monk officials, to 'confirm their findings' and then report to the Central Government through the Minister of Tibet. Later, a group consisting of the three major servants of Dalai Lama, eminent officials,{{who|date=May 2013}} and troops{{which|date=May 2013}} will collect the boy and his family and travel to Lhasa, where the boy would be taken, usually to Drepung Monastery, to study the Buddhist sutra in preparation for assuming the role of spiritual leader of Tibet.<ref name="sdpcnw" />

If there are several possible claimed reincarnations, regents, eminent officials, monks at the [[Jokhang]] in Lhasa, and the Minister to Tibet have historically made the choice by putting the boys' names inside an urn and drawing one in public.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dalai Lama's confirmation of reincarnation|url=http://www.tibettravel.info/tibetan-buddhism/confirmation-of-reincarnation.html|publisher=Tibet Travel info|access-date=17 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331073155/http://www.tibettravel.info/tibetan-buddhism/confirmation-of-reincarnation.html|archive-date=31 March 2008}}</ref>

In his autobiography, ''[[Freedom in Exile]]'', the 14th Dalai Lama wrote that after he dies, it is possible that his people will no longer want a Dalai Lama, in which case there would be no search for the Lama's reincarnation. "So, I might take rebirth as an insect, or an animal—whatever would be of most value to the largest number of sentient beings". But shortly before his 90th birthday, he released a statement saying, "I am affirming that the institution of the Dalai Lama will continue." He added that members of the Gaden Phodrang Trust would have exclusive responsibility for recognizing the next Dalai Lama and that "no one else has any such authority to interfere in this matter."<ref>{{cite web |author1=Dalai Lama |author1-link=14th Dalai Lama |title=Statement Affirming the Continuation of the Institution of Dalai Lama |url=https://tibet.net/statement-affirming-the-continuation-of-the-institution-of-dalai-lama/ |website=[[Central Tibetan Administration]] |access-date=2025-08-03 |date=2 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pandey |first1=Geeta |last2=Hussain |first2=Samira |title=Dalai Lama confirms he will have a successor after his death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvjjd7xw8go |website=[[BBC]].com |access-date=2025-08-03 |date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

The Dalai Lama is thought to be a type of "living [Buddhist] god".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-25 |title=Tibet profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16689779 |access-date=2024-05-01 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== List of Dalai Lamas ===
{{Main|List of Dalai Lamas}}

{{Contains special characters|Indic}}

There have been 14 recognised incarnations of the Dalai Lama:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Name !! Picture !! Lifespan !! Recognised !! Enthronement !! Seal of Authority from Central Government !! Approval from Central Government !! [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]/[[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]] !! [[Tibetan pinyin]]/[[Chinese language|Chinese]] !! Alternative spellings
|-
|align="right"| 1 || [[1st Dalai Lama|Gendun Drup]] || [[File:1st Dalai Lama.jpg|60px]] || 1391–1474 || – || N/A<ref name="posthumous">The title "Dalai Lama" was conferred posthumously to the 1st and 2nd Dalai Lamas.</ref> || N/A || N/A || {{Bo-textonly|དགེ་འདུན་འགྲུབ་}} ''dge 'dun 'grub'' || Gêdün Chub 根敦朱巴|| Gedun Drub Gedün Drup 
|-
|align="right"| 2 || [[2nd Dalai Lama|Gendun Gyatso]] ||[[File:Second Dalai Lama.jpg|60px]] || 1475–1542 || 1483 || N/A<ref name="posthumous" /> || N/A || N/A || {{Bo-textonly|དགེ་འདུན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''dge 'dun rgya mtsho'' || Gêdün Gyaco 根敦嘉措|| Gedün Gyatso Gendün Gyatso
|-
|align="right"| 3 || [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]] || [[File:Цыбиков Далай-лама III.png|60px]] || 1543–1588 || 1546 || 1578 || Yes<ref name="ReferenceA">《明实录》又载："万历十五年（1587）十月丁卯......番僧答赖（即达赖）准升'朵儿只唱名号，仍给敕命、图书......"</ref> || || {{Bo-textonly|བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''bsod nams rgya mtsho'' || Soinam Gyaco 索南嘉措|| Sönam Gyatso
|-
|align="right"| 4 || [[4th Dalai Lama|Yonten Gyatso]] || [[File:4DalaiLama cropped.jpg|60px]] || 1589–1617 || 1601 || 1603 || Yes<ref name="Biography of the 4th Dalai Lama"/> || || {{Bo-textonly|ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''yon tan rgya mtsho'' || Yoindain Gyaco 雲丹嘉措|| Yontan Gyatso, Yönden Gyatso
|-
|align="right"| 5 || [[5th Dalai Lama|Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso]] || [[File:5th Dalai Lama.jpg|60px]] || 1617–1682 || 1618 || 1622 || Yes<ref name="K309"/> || || {{Bo-textonly|བློ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''blo bzang rgya mtsho'' || Lobsang Gyaco 羅桑嘉措|| Lobzang Gyatso Lopsang Gyatso
|-
|align="right"| 6 || [[6th Dalai Lama|Tsangyang Gyatso]] || [[File:VI Dalai Lama.JPG|60px]] || 1683–1706 || 1688 || 1697 || No || Yes, in 1721 after death || {{Bo-textonly|ཚངས་དབྱངས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''tshang dbyangs rgya mtsho'' || Cangyang Gyaco 倉央嘉措|| Tsañyang Gyatso 
|-
|align="right"| 7 || [[7th Dalai Lama|Kelzang Gyatso]] || [[File:7DalaiLama.jpg|60px]] || 1707–1757 || 1712 || 1720 || Yes || || {{Bo-textonly|བསྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''bskal bzang rgya mtsho'' || Gaisang Gyaco 格桑嘉措|| Kelsang Gyatso Kalsang Gyatso
|-
|align="right"| 8 || [[8th Dalai Lama|Jamphel Gyatso]] || [[File:Jamphel Gyatso, 8th Dalai Lama - AMNH - DSC06244.JPG|60px]] || 1758–1804 || 1760 || 1762 || Yes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antiquekeeper.ca/?p=109828 | title=趟徉历史的长廊：净心之旅西行漫记奔向世界屋脊西藏（6-2）布达拉宫和藏传佛教 – [临渊阁]天地一家春 | date=October 2023 }} 乾隆皇帝颁给八世达赖喇嘛的金印 གོང་མ་གནམ་སྐྱོང་གིས་ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་བརྒྱད་པར་གནང་བའི་གསེར་ཐམ། Golden seal conferred upon the Eighth Dalai Lama by Emperor Qianlong 金汉、藏、满、蒙文约清乾隆四十六年（1781）10.5×10厘米民族文化宫博物馆藏</ref> || || {{Bo-textonly|བྱམས་སྤེལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''byams spel rgya mtsho'' || Qambê Gyaco 強白嘉措|| Jampel Gyatso Jampal Gyatso
|-
|align="right"| 9 || [[9th Dalai Lama|Lungtok Gyatso]] || [[File:Lungtok Gyatso.jpg|60px]] || 1805–1815 ||1807 || 1808 || Yes<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA71 | title=The Historical Status of China's Tibet | isbn=978-7-80113-304-5 | last1=Wang | first1=Jiawei | author2=尼玛坚赞 | date=1997 | publisher=五洲传播出版社 }} The 9th Dalai Lama was allowed to use the seal of authority given to the late 8th Dalai Lama by the Emperor of China</ref> || Yes<ref name="ChenQingying">{{cite book|author=ChenQingying|title=The System of the Dalai Lama Reincarnation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA80|year=2005|publisher=五洲传播出版社|isbn=978-7-5085-0745-3|pages=80–}}</ref> || {{Bo-textonly|ལུང་རྟོགས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''lung rtogs rgya mtsho'' || Lungdog Gyaco 隆朵嘉措|| Lungtog Gyatso
|-
| 10 || [[10th Dalai Lama|Tsultrim Gyatso]] |||| 1816–1837 || 1822 || 1822 || || Yes || {{Bo-textonly|ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''tshul khrim rgya mtsho'' || Cüchim Gyaco 楚臣嘉措|| Tshültrim Gyatso
|-
| 11 || [[11th Dalai Lama|Khendrup Gyatso]] ||[[File:The 11th Dalai Lama, mural in the Utse in Samye.jpg|85x85px]]|| 1838–1856 || 1841 || 1842 || Yes<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA89 | title=The System of the Dalai Lama Reincarnation | isbn=978-7-5085-0745-3 | author1=陈庆英 | last2=Chen | first2=Qingying | date=2005 | publisher=五洲传播出版社 }} The soul boy worshipped to the east on bended knees on a cushion, accepted the golden sheets of confirmation and golden seal of authority awarded by the Emperor, reverently listened to the decree, and exchanged hada scarves with the High Commissioners.</ref> || Yes || {{Bo-textonly|མཁས་གྲུབ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''mkhas grub rgya mtsho'' || Kaichub Gyaco 凱珠嘉措|| Kedrub Gyatso
|-
| 12 || [[12th Dalai Lama|Trinley Gyatso]] ||[[File:Twelfth_Dalai_Lama,_Trinle_Gyatso.jpg|60px]]|| 1857–1875 || 1858 || 1860 || || Yes<ref>Biography of the 12th Dalai Lama</ref> || {{Bo-textonly|འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} '''phrin las rgya mtsho'' || Chinlai Gyaco 成烈嘉措|| Trinle Gyatso
|-
| 13 || [[13th Dalai Lama|Thubten Gyatso]] || [[File:13th_Dalai_Lama_Thubten_Gyatso.jpg|60px]] || 1876–1933 || 1878 || 1879 || || Yes<ref name="Guangxu 1877"/> || {{Bo-textonly|ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''thub bstan rgya mtsho'' || Tubdain Gyaco 土登嘉措|| Thubtan Gyatso Thupten Gyatso
|-
| 14 || [[14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso]] || [[File:Dalai Lama at WhiteHouse (cropped).jpg|60px]] || born 1935 || 1939<ref name=ohhdl>{{cite web|title=Chronology of Events|url=http://www.dalailama.com/biography/chronology-of-events|website=His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet|publisher=Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama|access-date=18 April 2015|archive-date=1 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401120625/http://dalailama.com/biography/chronology-of-events|url-status=live}}</ref> || 1940<ref name=ohhdl /> (in exile since 1959)|| || No, as Goldstein writes that Tibet did everything to keep the Central Government out of this process. They were asked to show respect and "not permission"{{sfn|Goldstein|2023|p=328–}}|| {{Bo-textonly|བསྟན་འཛིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་}} ''bstan 'dzin rgya mtsho'' || Dainzin Gyaco 丹增嘉措|| Tenzin Gyatso
|}
There was also a non-recognised Dalai Lama, [[Yeshe Gyatso|Ngawang Yeshe Gyatso]], declared 28 June 1707, when he was 25 years old, by [[Lha-bzang Khan]] as the "true" 6th Dalai Lama. He was never accepted as such by the majority of the population.<ref name="Stein 1972, p. 85" /><ref>[[F. Spencer Chapman|Chapman, F. Spencer]]. (1940). ''Lhasa: The Holy City'', p. 127. Readers Union Ltd. London.</ref><ref name="Mullin276">Mullin 2001, p. 276.</ref>

== Future of the position ==
{{Main|Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama}}

[[File:Dalai lama teaching room.jpg|thumb|The main teaching room of the Dalai Lama in [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamshala]], India]]
[[File:DalaiLama0054 tiny.jpg|thumb|14th Dalai Lama in 2003]]

{{blockquote|In the mid-1970s, Tenzin Gyatso told a Polish newspaper that he thought he would be the last Dalai Lama. In a later interview published in the English language press he stated, "The Dalai Lama office was an institution created to benefit others. It is possible that it will soon have outlived its usefulness."<ref>[[Glenn H. Mullin]], "Faces of the Dalai Lama: Reflections on the Man and the Tradition," ''Quest'', vol. 6, no. 3, Autumn 1993, p. 80.</ref> These statements caused a furore amongst Tibetans in India. Many could not believe that such an option could even be considered. It was further felt that it was not the Dalai Lama's decision to reincarnate. Rather, they felt that since the Dalai Lama is a national institution it was up to the people of Tibet to decide whether the Dalai Lama should reincarnate.<ref>Verhaegen 2002, p. 5.</ref>|sign=|source=}}

The government of the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) has claimed the power to approve the naming of "high" reincarnations in Tibet, based on a precedent set by the [[Qianlong Emperor]] of the [[Qing dynasty]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=China Says It Will Decide Who the Dalai Lama Shall Be Reincarnated As|url=https://time.com/3743742/dalai-lama-china-reincarnation-tibet-buddhism/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=13 March 2015|access-date=17 December 2015|archive-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218233702/http://time.com/3743742/dalai-lama-china-reincarnation-tibet-buddhism/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Qianlong Emperor instituted a system of selecting the Dalai Lama and the [[Panchen Lama]] by a lottery that used a [[Golden Urn]] with names wrapped in clumps of barley. This method was used a few times for both positions during the 19th century, but eventually fell into disuse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Murder in Tibet's High Places|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/murder-in-tibets-high-places-62805827|work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|date=10 April 2012|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223010656/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/murder-in-tibets-high-places-62805827/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Reincarnation|url=http://www.dalailama.com/messages/statement-of-his-holiness-the-fourteenth-dalai-lama-tenzin-gyatso-on-the-issue-of-his-reincarnation|publisher=[[14th Dalai Lama]]|date=24 September 2011|access-date=17 December 2015|archive-date=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514084334/http://www.dalailama.com/messages/statement-of-his-holiness-the-fourteenth-dalai-lama-tenzin-gyatso-on-the-issue-of-his-reincarnation|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1995, the Dalai Lama chose to proceed with the selection of the [[11th Panchen Lama|11th reincarnation of the Panchen Lama]] without the use of the Golden Urn, while the Chinese government insisted that it must be used.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ellis-Petersen |first1=Hannah |date=2021-07-31 |title=Tibet and China clash over next reincarnation of the Dalai Lama |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/31/tibet-and-china-clash-over-next-reincarnation-of-the-dalai-lama |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> This has led to two rival Panchen Lamas: [[Gyaincain Norbu]] as chosen by the Chinese government's process, and [[Gedhun Choekyi Nyima]] as chosen by the Dalai Lama. However, Nyima was abducted by the Chinese government shortly after being chosen as the Panchen Lama and has not been seen in public since 1995.<ref>{{cite web |title=China says boy picked by Dalai Lama now a college graduate |url=https://apnews.com/79313edf55b390fb26ce1652bc9fb1d5 |website=AP NEWS |date=19 May 2020 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520084828/https://apnews.com/79313edf55b390fb26ce1652bc9fb1d5 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2007, the Chinese government said [[State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. 5|all high monks must be approved by the government]], which would include the selection of the [[15th Dalai Lama]] after the death of [[14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso]].<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last1=Ramesh |first1=Randeep |last2=Watts |first2=Jonathan |date=28 November 2007 |title=Dalai Lama challenges China – with a referendum on reincarnation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/28/china.religion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/28/china.religion |archive-date=12 March 2018 |access-date=11 March 2018 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Since by tradition, the Panchen Lama must approve the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, that is another possible method of control. Consequently, the Dalai Lama has alluded to the possibility of a referendum to determine the 15th Dalai Lama.<ref name="Guardian"/>

In response to this scenario, [[Tashi Wangdi]], the representative of the [[14th Dalai Lama]], replied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. "You can't impose an [[Imam]], an [[Archbishop]], saints, any religion...you can't politically impose these things on people", said Wangdi. "It has to be a decision of the followers of that tradition. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. Like their Panchen Lama. And they can't keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him. How can you have a religious leader like that?"<ref>[[n:Dalai Lama's representative talks about China, Tibet, Shugden and the next Dalai Lama|Interview with Tashi Wangdi]], David Shankbone, ''[[Wikinews]]'', 14 November 2007.</ref>

The 14th Dalai Lama said as early as 1969 that it was for the Tibetans to decide whether the institution of the Dalai Lama "should continue or not".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.tibet.com/DL/next-reincarnation.html |publisher=Government of Tibet in Exile |title=Dalai's reincarnation will not be found under Chinese control |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712112849/http://www.tibet.com/DL/next-reincarnation.html |archive-date=12 July 2009 }}</ref> He has given reference to a possible vote occurring in the future for all Tibetan Buddhists to decide whether they wish to recognize his rebirth.<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22838048-25837,00.html Dalai Lama may forgo death before reincarnation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201142125/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22838048-25837,00.html |date=1 December 2007 }}, Jeremy Page, ''[[The Australian]]'', 29 November 2007.</ref> In response to the possibility that the PRC might attempt to choose his successor, the Dalai Lama said he would not be reborn in a country controlled by the People's Republic of China or any other country which is not free.<ref name="sdpcnw" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tibet.com/DL/next-reincarnation.html |publisher=Government of Tibet in Exile ex Indian Express 6 July 1999 |title=Dalai's reincarnation will not be found under Chinese control |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712112849/http://www.tibet.com/DL/next-reincarnation.html |archive-date=12 July 2009 }}</ref> According to [[Robert D. Kaplan]], this could mean that "the next Dalai Lama might come from the Tibetan cultural belt that stretches across Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, [[Nepal]], and [[Bhutan]], presumably making him even more pro-Indian and hence anti-Chinese".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2010-05-01/geography-chinese-power |url-access=subscription |title=The Geography of Chinese Power |magazine=Foreign Affairs |first=Robert D. |last=Kaplan |date=May–June 2010 |access-date=2 June 2018 |archive-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909001817/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2010-05-01/geography-chinese-power |url-status=live }}</ref>

The 14th Dalai Lama supported the possibility that his next incarnation could be a woman.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Haas|first1=Michaela|title=Why is there no female Dalai Lama?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/why-is-there-no-female-dalai-lama/2013/03/18/75ac132c-8fee-11e2-9cfd-36d6c9b5d7ad_story.html|access-date=7 February 2017|date=18 March 2013|archive-date=28 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228090157/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/why-is-there-no-female-dalai-lama/2013/03/18/75ac132c-8fee-11e2-9cfd-36d6c9b5d7ad_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As an "engaged Buddhist" the Dalai Lama has an appeal straddling cultures and political systems making him one of the most recognized and respected moral voices today.<ref>Puri, Bharati (2006) "Engaged Buddhism – The Dalai Lama's Worldview" New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006</ref> "Despite the complex historical, religious and political factors surrounding the selection of incarnate masters in the exiled Tibetan tradition, the Dalai Lama is open to change", author [[Michaela Haas]] writes.<ref>Haas, Michaela (2013). "Dakini Power: Twelve Extraordinary Women Shaping the Transmission of Tibetan Buddhism in the West." Shambhala Publications. {{ISBN|1559394072}}</ref>

Despite the tradition of selecting young children, the 14th Dalai Lama can also name an adult as his next incarnation. Doing so would have the advantage that the successor would not need to spend decades studying Buddhism and could immediately be taken seriously as a leader by the [[Tibetan diaspora]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-23 |title=Ethnic minorities expert on China's treatment of Uygurs, and Han chauvinism |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3279375/why-minority-languages-are-disappearing-some-classrooms-xinjiang-not-tibet |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> The Dalai Lama has said that he will reveal a plan for deciding on his successor on his 90th birthday, July 6, 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mashal |first=Mujib |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |last3=Loke |first3=Atul |date=2025-06-12 |title=As the Dalai Lama Turns 90, His Exiled Nation Faces a Moment of Truth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/12/world/asia/dalai-lama-age-birthday-tibet.html |access-date=2025-06-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

On July 2, 2025, the Dalai Lama released a statement saying, "I am affirming that the institution of the Dalai Lama will continue." He also wrote that members of the Gaden Phodrang Trust have exclusive responsibility for recognizing his successor.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Dalai Lama |author1-link=14th Dalai Lama |title=Statement Affirming the Continuation of the Institution of Dalai Lama |url=https://tibet.net/statement-affirming-the-continuation-of-the-institution-of-dalai-lama/ |website=[[Central Tibetan Administration]] |access-date=2025-08-03 |date=2 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pandey |first1=Geeta |last2=Hussain |first2=Samira |title=Dalai Lama confirms he will have a successor after his death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvjjd7xw8go |website=[[BBC]].com |access-date=2025-08-03 |date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Buddhism|China|India|Asia
}}
* [[Golden Urn]]
* [[29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet]]
* [[CIA Tibetan program]]
* [[Index of Buddhism-related articles]]
* [[Tibetan Buddhism]]
** [[Gelug]]
*** [[List of Dalai Lamas]]
*** [[Panchen Lama]]
* [[History of Tibet]]
** [[List of rulers of Tibet]]
** [[14th Dalai Lama]]
* [[Engaged spirituality]]
* [[Patron and priest relationship]]

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin|}}
* Bell, Sir Charles (1946). ''Portrait of the Dalai Lama'' Wm. Collins, London. 1st edition. (1987) Wisdom Publications, London. {{ISBN|086171055X|}}.
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Buswell |editor1-first=Robert E. |editor2-last=Lopez |editor2-first=Donald S. Jr. |title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. |year=2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-15786-3}}
*{{cite book |last1=Cantwell |first1=C. |last2=Kawanami |first2=H. |title=Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations |chapter=Buddhism |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415858816 |editor-first1=L. |editor-last1=Woodhead |editor-first2=C. |editor-last2=Partridge |editor-first3=H. |editor-last3=Kawanami}}
* [[Alexandra David-Neel|David-Neel, A.]] (1965). ''Magic & Mystery in Tibet''. Corgi Books.London. {{ISBN|0-552-08745-9|}}.
* {{cite book |last=Dhondup |first=K. |title=The Water-Horse and Other Years |year=1984 |publisher=Library of Tibetan Works and Archives |location=Dharamsala}}
* {{cite book |last=Dhondup |first=K. |title=The Water-Bird and Other Years |year=1986 |publisher=Rangwang Publishers |location=New Delhi}}
* {{cite book |last=Dowman |first=Keith |title=The power-places of Central Tibet : the pilgrim's guide |date=1988 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |location=London |isbn=0-7102-1370-0}}
* Kapstein, Matthew (2006). ''The Tibetans''. Malden, MA, USA. Blackwell Publishing. {{ISBN|9780631225744|}}.
* {{cite book |translator-first=Samten G. |translator-last=Karmay |translator-link=Samten Karmay |year=2014 |title=The Illusive Play: The Autobiography of the Fifth Dalai Lama [aka 'Dukula'] |publisher=Serindia Publications. Chicago |isbn=978-1-932476-67-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Laird |first=Thomas |title=The Story of Tibet : Conversations with the Dalai Lama |url=https://archive.org/details/storyoftibetconv00lair |url-access=registration |year=2006 |publisher=Grove Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8021-1827-1 |edition=1st}}
* {{cite book |last=McKay, A. |title=History of Tibet |year=2003 |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |isbn=978-0-7007-1508-4}}
* Mullin, Glenn H. (1982). ''Selected Works of the Dalai Lama VII: Songs of Spiritual Change'' (2nd ed., 1985). Snow Lion Publications, Inc. New York. {{ISBN|0-937938-30-0|}}.
* Mullin, Glenn H. (1983). ''Selected Works of the Dalai Lama III: Essence of Refined Gold'' (2nd ed., 1985). Snow Lion Publications, Inc. New York. {{ISBN|0-937938-29-7|}}.
* Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). ''The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation''. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. {{ISBN|1-57416-092-3|}}.
* {{cite book |last1=Norbu |first1=Thubten Jigme |last2=Turnbull |first2=Colin M. |title=Tibet |url=https://archive.org/details/tibet0000thub |url-access=registration |year=1968 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0-671-20559-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Richardson |first=Hugh E. |title=Tibet and its history |year=1984 |publisher=Shambhala |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-87773-376-8 |edition=2nd ed., rev. and updated.}}
* Van Schaik, Sam (2011), ''Tibet. A History''. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
* {{cite book |last=Schulemann |first=Günther |title=Die Geschichte der Dalai Lamas |year=1958 |publisher=Veb Otto Harrassowitz |location=Leipzig |isbn=978-3-530-50001-1}}
* {{cite book |first=Peter |last=Schwieger |title=The Dalai Lama and the Emperor of China: A Political History of the Tibetan Institution of Reincarnation |location=New York |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=2014 |oclc=905914446 |isbn=978-0-231-53860-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHoyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33}}
* Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D. (1967), ''Tibet: A Political History''. New York: Yale University Press, and (1984), Singapore: Potala Publications. {{ISBN|0961147415|}}.
* {{cite book |last=[[Shakabpa]] |first=Tsepon W.D. |title=One Hundred Thousand Moons. An Advanced Political History of Tibet (2 vols) |year=2010 |publisher=Brill's Tibetan Studies Library |location=Leiden (Netherlands), Boston (USA) |isbn=9789004177321}}
* {{cite journal |last=Sheel |first=R N Rahul |title=The Institution of the Dalai Lama |journal=The Tibet Journal |year=1989 |volume=14 |issue=3}}
* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Warren W. |title=Tibetan Nation; A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations. |date=1997 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=New Delhi |isbn=0-8133-3155-2}}
* {{cite book |author1=Snellgrove, David |author2=Richardson, Hugh |title=A Cultural History of Tibet |year=1986 |publisher=Shambala Publications, Inc. |location=Boston & London |isbn=0-87773-354-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Stein |first=R. A. |title=Tibetan civilization |year=1972 |publisher=Stanford Univ. Press |location=Stanford, Calif. |isbn=0-8047-0901-7 |edition=[English ed.].}}
* {{cite book |author=Diki Tsering |title=Dalai Lama, my son : a mother's story |url=https://archive.org/details/dalailamamyson00diki |url-access=registration |year=2001 |publisher=Virgin |location=London |isbn=0-7535-0571-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Veraegen |first=Ardy |title=The Dalai Lamas : the Institution and its history |year=2002 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8124602027}}
* {{cite book |last=Ya |first=Hanzhang |title=The Biographies of the Dalai Lamas |year=1991 |publisher=Foreign Language Press |location=Beijing |isbn=978-7119012674 |url=https://archive.org/details/biodalailamasyahanzhang |edition=1st}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://www.shambhala.com/his-holiness-the-fourteenth-dalai-lama A Reader's Guide to the Works of the Dalai Lama (Shambhala Publications)]
* Dalai Lama. (1991) ''Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama.'' San Francisco, CA.
* Goodman, Michael H. (1986). ''The Last Dalai Lama''. Shambhala Publications. Boston, MA.
* [[Heinrich Harrer|Harrer, Heinrich]] (1951) ''[[Seven Years in Tibet]]: My Life Before, During and After''
* [[Samten Karmay|Karmay, Samten G.]] (Translator) (1988). ''Secret visions of the Fifth Dalai Lama.'' Serindia Publications, London. {{ISBN|0 906026 20 2}}.
* {{cite book |last1 = Silver |first1 = Murray |title = When Elvis Meets the Dalai Lama |date = 2005 |publisher = Bonaventture |location = Savannah, GA |isbn = 978-0-9724224-4-4 |edition = 1st }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Dalai Lamas}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [https://treasuryoflives.org/incarnation/Dalai-Lama Dalai Lama biographies and associated data on The Treasury of Lives]
* {{Official website|https://www.dalailama.com/}}

{{Clear}}
{{Dalai Lamas}}
{{TibetanBuddhism}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Tibet topics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lama, Dalai}}
[[Category:Dalai Lamas| ]]
[[Category:Gelug tulkus]]
[[Category:Lamas]]
[[Category:People from Lhasa]]
[[Category:Politics of Tibet]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist titles]]
[[Category:Deified men]]
[[Category:Bodhisattvas]]
[[Category:Avalokiteśvara]]

Abhinoy Noy

2026-03-07T06:07:42Z

Svetloxf: rework references also and improved wording

{{short description|1983 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Abhinoy Noy
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Archan Chakraborty]]
| producer = [[Shila Bhanja]]
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Santu Mukhopadhyay]] Asim Dutta [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumer]] Samit Bhanja
| music = [[Dilip (composer)|Dilip]]
| cinematography = Shankar Banerjee Kamal Nayak
| distributor = Eastern Talkies Ltd. Usharani Films Distributor National Cine Equipments
| released = {{Film date|1983}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
}}

'''''Abhinoy Noy''''' is a 1983 Indian [[Bengali language]] [[romance film]] directed by [[Archan Chakraborty]].

==Cast==
* [[Aparna Sen]]
* [[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumar]]
* [[Samit Bhanja]] as Gamesh (Director)
* [[Santu Mukhopadhyay]] as Bhola & Bikram
* Asim Dutta as Hemlata (Heroine)
* [[Dilip Ray]] asDinu (Caretaker of a Loge at Koshi Gram)
* [[Sambhu Bhattachayra]]
* [[Alpana Goswami]] as Pal (Film Producer)
* Ramen Chattopadhyay as Sumitra
* Debprasad Singh as Vikoge Popale
* [[Sumitra Mukherjee]]
* [[Kumkum Bhattacharya]]
* [[Sunil Bandyopadhyay]]

==External links==
* [http://www.gomolo.com/abhinoy-noy-movie-cast-crew/14453 Abhinoy Noy] at gomolo.in

[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1983 romance films]]
[[Category:1983 Bengali-language films]]

{{1980s-Bengali-film-stub}}
{{1980s-romance-film-stub}}

Topi Raja Sweety Roja

2026-03-03T18:29:24Z

Svetloxf: added a entry - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Topi Raja Sweety Roja
| image = Topi Raja Sweety Roja.jpg
| caption = Movie Poster
| writer = Rajendra Kumar {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Dr. N. Siva Prasad
| screenplay = Dr. N. Siva Prasad
| producer = Dr. A. Vijayalakshmi
| director = Dr. N. Siva Prasad
| based_on =
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]
| narrator =
| music = ''Hero'' Rajendra Prasad
| cinematography = P. S. Prakash
| editing = [[Gowtham Raju]]
| studio = Sri Sai Madhavi Productions<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcFfVz64mRM |title=Topi Raja Sweety Roja (Overview) |work=Youtube |access-date=6 June 2016 |archive-date=25 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825193921/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcFfVz64mRM&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1996||}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Topi Raja Sweety Roja''''' is a 1996 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]], produced by Dr. A. Vijayalakshmi under the Sri Sai Madhavi Productions banner and directed by Dr. N. Siva Prasad. It stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] with music composed by ''Hero'' Rajendra Prasad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/topi-raajaa-sweetee-rojaa-movie/18339 |title=Topi Raja Sweety Roja (Cast & Crew) |work=gomolo.com |access-date=6 June 2016 |archive-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205235815/http://www.gomolo.com/topi-raajaa-sweetee-rojaa-movie/18339 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins in a royal court where two magicians compete when one creates a peerless cap that would make its user invisible. Soon, the whole kingdom collapsed in the flood, but the cap still existed on the earth. The tale shifts to a village where a valorous Raja leads a jollity life with his mother, Janakamma & mates. Everyone credits him therein for his amiable nature. A charming girl, Roja, the Zamindar’s daughter, endears him. Knowing it, her maternal uncle, Bobby, is enraged since he aches to knit Roja. Then, he ruses with a thief-lord, Kota, & his acolyte Gunapam and heists the temple jewelry on the eve of a festival mingling the priest. Following this, the heels incriminate Raja when he absconds. Fortuitously, a child, Baby, whom a Church Father fosters, catches sight of the burglars in the city. So, they seek to slaughter her when Raja shields her, whom Father shelters. On the verge of his apprehension, Father guards Raja with the same magical cap that he had acquired while doing the church excavations. Discerning his integrity, Father bestows a cap to Raja, the lid with an oath, and never flub it. Currently, he sets foot in his village, meets his mother & men invisibly, and mocks the knaves. Parallelly, Bobby attempts to molest Roja when Raja secures her, and she, too, walks on with him. From there, Raja works wonders with the cap and benefits the ordinary. Once Gunapam detects Raja’s external power, it is the cap and notifies his men. Hence, the blackguards abduct Janakamma and bargain for the cap. However, alas, Baby mislays it when Raja rushes to foes and strikes them. Meanwhile, Roja extracts the cap and stands by him. At last, Raja ceases the rogues and retrieves the jewelry, which he acquits as non-guilty. Finally, the movie ends happily with the marriage of Raja & Roja.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Raja
*[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Roja
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Kota
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Brahmam
*[[Babu Mohan]] as Bobby
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Gunapam
*[[Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam|A.V.S]] as Aadiseshu
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Father
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Priest
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]] as Constable
*[[Basavaraju Venkata Padmanabha Rao|Padmanabham]] as Magician
*[[Peketi Sivaram]] as Magician
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Janakamma
*[[Jayalalita]] as Aadiseshu's sister
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Srilakshmi]] as Mandodari
*[[Y. Vijaya]] as Roja's mother
*Baby Disha as Baby
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Topi Raja Sweety Roja
| type = film
| artist = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1995
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 23:49
| label = Supreme Music
| producer = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]. Music released on Supreme Music Company.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Topi-Raja-Sweety-Roja-songs-A0000834 |title=Topi Raja Sweety Roja (Songs) |work=Raaga |access-date=6 June 2016 |archive-date=24 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524091246/http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/Topi-Raja-Sweety-Roja-songs-A0000834 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 23:49
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Topi Bhale Topi
| lyrics1 = Dr. N.Siva Prasad
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length1 = 4:51

| title2 = Naa Pere Sweety Roja
| lyrics2 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra2 = [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]], Siva Prasad, [[Rakendu Mouli|Master Rakendu Mouli]]
| length2 = 4:40

| title3 = Daruvesi Danchindamma
| lyrics3 = Vedavyas
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Radhika
| length3 = 5:06

| title4 = Alluku Pora
| lyrics4 = Sahithi
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Radhika
| length4 = 4:24

| title5 = Yado Yado
| lyrics5 = Vennelakanti
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha
| length5 = 4:48
}}

==Other==
* VCDs and DVDs on - VOLGA Videos, [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language comedy films]]
[[Category:1996 comedy films]]
[[Category:1996 Indian films]]

Department of Agriculture (West Bengal)

2026-03-02T03:04:42Z

Svetloxf: added intro to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox government agency
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width = 70px
| seal_caption = Seal of West Bengal
| picture =
| picture_width =
| picture_caption =
| formed = 
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 = 
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of West Bengal]]
| headquarters = [[Nabanna (building)|Nabanna]]
| coordinates =
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Agriculture
| minister2_name =
| minister2_pfo = 
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo = 
| chief1_name =
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position = 
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| agency_type =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department =
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency = 
| keydocument1 = 
| website = {{URL|http://matirkatha.net/}}
| footnotes =
| map =
| map_width =
| map_caption =
}}

The '''Department of Agriculture of West Bengal''' is the specific arm of the [[Government of West Bengal|Bengal government]] working to improve [[agriculture]], develop export opportunities for agri produce and look after the welfare of farmers.<ref name="official portal">{{cite web | url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/agriculture | title=Egiye Bangla }}</ref>

==Works==
It takes policy decisions on agricultural production and productivity, and by extension, on technology generation, ensuring availability and timely distribution of agriculture inputs specially seeds, fertilisers, subsidy, credit etc. Support service is provided through soil testing, soil and water conservation, seed testing and certification, plan production, quality control of fertilisers and pesticides, etc. Main stake holders for the Department are--(i) Farmers (ii) Government (iii) Manufacturer, dealers and retailers of Fertiliser, Seed and Pesticide (iv) Citizens in General.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wbagrisnet.gov.in/AGr_about_us.aspx |title=AGRISNET West Bengal- About Us |accessdate=2015-05-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814012637/http://wbagrisnet.gov.in/AGr_about_us.aspx |archivedate=2013-08-14 }}, AGRISNET. Retrieved on May 1, 2015</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Regional Research Station]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Agriculture in West Bengal]]
[[Category:State agriculture departments in India|West Bengal]]
{{India-gov-stub}}

Adarsh Gourav

2026-02-28T00:29:39Z

Svetloxf: general expand layout per standard format and updated info

{{short description|Indian film actor (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Family name hatnote|Bhagavatula|lang=Telugu}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Adarsh Gourav
| image = File:Adarsh Gourav at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg
| caption = Gourav at the [[2024 Toronto International Film Festival]]
| birth_name = Adarsh Gourav Bhagavatula
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|07|08|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jamshedpur]], Bihar (present-day [[Jharkhand]]), India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2003{{endash}}present
}}
'''Adarsh Gourav Bhagavatula''' (born 8 July 1994) is an Indian actor known for his works in [[Hindi]] and English-language films and television series. Gourav began acting with the drama film ''[[My Name Is Khan]]'' (2010). He gained international recognition for playing chauffeur Balram Halwai in the satirical film ''[[The White Tiger (2021 film)|The White Tiger]]'' (2021), which garnered him nominations for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]] and the [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/108860/films-2021-new-releases|title=2021 films: new releases and what's coming out|date=15 January 2021|website=The Week}}</ref><ref name="Quint-24Mar21">{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/the-white-tiger-actor-adarsh-gourav-wins-rising-star-award-at-6th-annual-awff|title=The White Tiger's Adarsh Gourav Wins AWFF 'Rising Star' Award|date=24 March 2021|website=Quint}}</ref>

Adarsh has also starred in the teen comedy series ''[[Hostel Daze]]'' (2019–2021), the comic thriller series ''[[Guns & Gulaabs]]'', and the drama film ''[[Kho Gaye Hum Kahan]]'' (both 2023).

==Early life and background==
Adarsh Gourav Bhagavatula was born into a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] speaking family in [[Jamshedpur]], Jharkhand. His father Satishnarayana Bhagavatula is from [[Srikakulam district]] and his mother Padmavati Bhagavatula hails from [[Vizianagaram]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Gourav was brought up in Jamshedpur and studied in Loyola School, Jamshedpur. He later moved to [[Mumbai]] and studied at [[Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics|Narsee Monjee College]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=S.|date=2021-01-31|title=Telugu boy earns his stripes|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/310121/telugu-boy-earns-his-stripes.html|access-date=2021-07-24|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> He had participated in ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]'' in 2003 and ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs|L'il Champs]]'' in 2007 but was rejected from both.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ianslive.in/adarsh-gourav-reveals-he-has-become-better-at-dealing-with-rejection-with-age--20251004203741|title=Adarsh Gourav reveals he has become better at dealing with rejection with age|date=4 October 2025|website=IANS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/adarsh-gourav-on-his-tumultuous-but-most-rewarding-musical-journey-8830269.html|title=Adarsh Gourav On His 'Tumultuous But Most Rewarding' Musical Journey - News18|website=www.news18.com}}</ref>

In 2007, when Gourav's father, who was an employee of The [[Central Bank of India]], got transferred to Mumbai, the family decided to relocate. He studied at the [[Lilavatibai Podar High School]]. While singing in the [[Kala Ghoda Arts Festival]] 2007, he was spotted and asked if he wanted to try acting. He agreed only because he was excited to be on television. After a year of auditioning, he was cast as the young Shahrukh Khan in the film [[My Name Is Khan|''My Name is Khan'']].<ref name="FirstPost-20Jan21" /><ref name="DNA-30Oct20">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hollywood/report-who-is-adarsh-gourav-all-you-need-to-know-about-priyanka-chopra-rajkummar-rao-s-the-white-tiger-co-star-2853227|title=Who is Adarsh Gourav? All you need to know about Priyanka Chopra, Rajkummar Rao's 'The White Tiger' co-star|date=30 October 2020|first=Riddhima|last=Kanetkar}}</ref> He studied in The Drama School in Mumbai.<ref name="IE-21Jan20">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/who-is-adarsh-gourav-the-actor-from-the-white-tiger-7145770/|title=Who is Adarsh Gourav, the actor from The White Tiger?|website=Indian Express|first=Mimansa|last=Shekhar|date=21 January 2021}}</ref>

Gourav learnt Hindustani classical music for nine years under different Gurus.<ref name="GQ-29Oct20"/> He started getting interested in Western music while in Junior college and sang for the college band "Steepsky". They recorded a single called "Good guys finish last". In college, he sang for a progressive rock band called "Oak Island" which was also featured in ''MTV Indies-Never Hide Sounds''.<ref name="GQ-29Oct20">{{cite web|url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/adarsh-gourav-show-priyanka-chopra-jonas-the-white-tiger-netflix|title=Who is Adarsh Gourav? The man who stole the show in the trailer of Priyanka Chopra Jonas's The White Tiger|publisher=GQ India|first=Rimi|last=Chakraborty|date=29 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="MensXP-20Jan21" />

==Career==
He was scouted to sing for Raell Padamsee's theatre company. He also sang for films like Black and White and Chal Chalein.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
Although his acting career began when he was 14, Adarsh seriously started pursuing acting when he was cast to play one of the primary characters in a film titled "Banana", produced by [[John Abraham]] Entertainment and directed by Sajid Ali. While in his final year of college at [[Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics|Narsee Monjee College of Commerce]], he worked with [[Anurag Kashyap]] in his anthology short film "Clean Shaven" with [[Radhika Apte]]. The next year he was cast as the lead in ''[[Rukh (film)|Rukh]]'' alongside [[Manoj Bajpayee]]<ref name="FirstPost-20Jan21">{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-white-tiger-find-adarsh-gourav-on-discovering-the-invisibility-of-balram-and-learnings-from-priyanka-chopra-jonas-rajkummar-rao-9219881.html|title=The White Tiger's Adarsh Gourav on discovering the 'invisibility' of Balram, and learnings from his co-actors|website=First Post|first=Udita|last=Jhunjhunwala|date=20 January 2021}}</ref> and as one of the antagonists in [[Sridevi]]'s ''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]''.<ref name="MensXP-20Jan21">{{cite web|last=Arora|first=Simran|date=20 January 2021|title=Adarsh Gourav From 'The White Tiger' Has A Boy Next Door Look Which Is As Unique As His Acting|url=https://www.mensxp.com/fashion/celebrity-style/84834-adarsh-gourav-from-the-white-tiger-has-a-boy-next-door-look-which-is-as-brilliant-as-his-acting.html|website=Mens XP}}</ref> To work on his craft, he took a break and went to The Drama School Mumbai in 2016. After finishing school, he worked in the Amazon production "Die Trying" and the [[The Viral Fever|TVF]] production ''[[Hostel Daze]]''. He also played Prince Tarquin in the NCPA production "Lucrece" directed by Paul Goodwin in 2017. In 2018, he worked with Academy nominee [[Deepa Mehta]] on her Netflix series ''[[Leila (TV series)|Leila]]''.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

After a few months of not being able to find any acting work, he was called in for an audition of ''The White Tiger''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/adarsh-gourav-says-mainstream-bollywood-movies-never-attracted-him-but-admire-big-actors-who-can-sing-and-dance-101612104603618.html|title=Adarsh Gourav says mainstream Bollywood movies never attracted him|website=Hindustan Times|date=1 February 2021}}</ref> His portrayal of Balram Halwai in the Netflix film has been lauded by all as the "star of Ramin Bahrani's film",<ref name="HT-14Jan21">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/the-white-tiger-first-reviews-critics-call-it-roaring-success-more-realistic-slumdog-millionaire-that-ll-make-adarsh-gaurav-a-star/story-aVKss0KMdVH4DySPts9VJJ.html|title=The White Tiger first reviews: Critics call it roaring success, 'more realistic' Slumdog Millionaire that'll make Adarsh Gaurav a star|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=14 January 2021}}</ref> with the Evening Standard saying, "Gourav is nuanced and utterly engaging as Balram Halwai, a bright peasant who morphs from lickspittle chauffeur into something more ruthless.<ref name="StandardUK">{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/film/netflix-the-white-tiger-review-b700369.html|title=Netflix's The White Tiger review: this tale of two Indias is as angry, smart and dark as Parasite|date=21 January 2021|first=Charlotte|last=O'Sullivan}}</ref>" and Variety calling it a "small marvel".<ref name="Variety-5Jan21">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/reviews/the-white-tiger-review-ramin-bahrani-priyanka-chopra-1234875962/|title='The White Tiger' Review: Ramin Bahrani's Absorbing Tale of an Indian Servant on the Rise Is Like 'Slumdog Millionaire' With More Reality|date=5 January 2021|first=Owen|last=Gleiberman}}</ref> The Telegraph said Gourav "gives the definition of a breakthrough performance"<ref name="Telegraph-20Jan21">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/white-tiger-review-punchy-propulsive-tale-grubby-ascent-top/|title=The White Tiger, review: the punchy, propulsive tale of a grubby ascent to the top|first=Robbie|last=Collins|date=20 January 2021}}</ref> The Entertainment Weekly called him "a largely unknown actor whose soulful combination of sheer will and vulnerability should, in a just world, win him the kind of accolades that helped make Slumdog's Dev Patel a star.<ref name="5Jan21">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-white-tiger-netflix-review/|title=The White Tiger brings exhilarating big-screen storytelling to Netflix|date=5 January 2021|first=Leah|last=Greenblatt|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] }}</ref> For his performance, Gourav was nominated for the [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead|Film Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=2021 Film Independent Spirit Award Nominations Announced!|url=https://www.filmindependent.org/blog/2021-film-independent-spirit-award-nominations-announced/|access-date=5 February 2021|website=Film Independent|language=en-US}}</ref> and was also nominated for the BAFTA for [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BAFTA 2021: The White Tiger Stars Priyanka Chopra And Adarsh Gourav Feature On Longlist|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bafta-2021-the-white-tiger-stars-priyanka-chopra-and-adarsh-gourav-feature-on-longlist-2363354|access-date=5 February 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

In May 2023, he was a part of Audible's podcast series called ''Desi Down Under'', along with [[Taaruk Raina]] and [[Prajakta Koli]]. The story is set in Sydney about three 20 year olds from Mangalore who go to Australia to learn surf-lifesaving skills at Coogee Beach.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All about Audible India's latest original offering is Desi Downunder |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/adarsh-gourav-prajakta-koli-and-taaruk-raina-chat-with-the-telegraph-on-their-adrenaline-pumping-audio-series-desi-downunder/cid/1937775 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Adarsh Gourav talks about his new Audible series Desi Down Under, and why he never wants to feel 'settled' as an artist |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/adarsh-gourav-talks-about-his-new-audible-series-desi-down-under-and-why-he-never-wants-to-feel-settled-as-an-artist-101683899194249.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Following this, Gourav starred alongside [[Siddhant Chaturvedi]] and [[Ananya Panday]] in the coming-of-age film ''[[Kho Gaye Hum Kahan]]'' directed by debutant Arjun Varain Singh.<ref>{{cite news |title=Siddhant Chaturvedi announces the start of 'Kho Gaye Hum Kahan' shoot; co-stars Ananya Panday and Adarsh Gourav share their excitement - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/siddhant-chaturvedi-announces-the-start-of-kho-gaye-hum-kahan-shoot-co-stars-ananya-panday-and-adarsh-gourav-share-their-excitement/articleshow/90074499.cms |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=Mar 8, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Writing for ''[[NDTV]]'', Saibal Chatterjee reviewed "Siddhant Chaturvedi has the meatiest role in ''Kho Gaye Hum Kahan'' but it is Adarsh Gourav who makes the biggest impact".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kho Gaye Hum Kahan Review: Moderately Entertaining And Occasionally Perceptive |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kho-gaye-hum-kahan-review-moderately-entertaining-and-occasionally-perceptive-3-stars-4744652 |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2016
| scope="row" | ''[[Madly (2016 film)|Madly]]''
| Allwyn
| Anthology segment: "Clean Shaven"
|-
|rowspan=2|2017
| scope="row" | ''[[Rukh (film)|Rukh]]''
| Dhruv
|
|-
| scope="row" | ''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]''
|Mohit "Bunty" Chadda
|
|-
|2021
| scope="row" | ''[[The White Tiger (2021 film)|The White Tiger]]''
| Balram Halwai
|
|-
|2022
| scope="row" | ''Kiss''
|Sam
|Short film<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-14 |title=Varun Grover's short film 'Kiss' heading to Beijing Queer Film Festival |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/varun-grovers-short-film-kiss-heading-to-beijing-queer-film-festival/articleshow/95504881.cms |access-date=2023-07-05 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
|2023
| scope="row" |''[[Kho Gaye Hum Kahan]]''
| Neil Pereira
|
|-
| 2024
| scope="row" |''[[Woh Bhi Din The]]''
|Joyjeet "Joy" Ganguly
|
|-
| 2025
| scope="row" | ''[[Superboys of Malegaon]]''
| Nasir
|
|-
| 2026
| scope="row" |''[[Tu Yaa Main]]''
| Maruti Kadam alias "Aala Flowpara"
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=22 January 2026|title=Tu Ya Main trailer: Adarsh Gourav, Shanaya Kapoor try to escape a deadly crocodile |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/tu-ya-main-trailer-adarsh-gourav-shanaya-kapoor-try-to-escape-a-deadly-crocodile-2856406-2026-01-22 |access-date=24 January 2026|work=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Notes
|-
|2003
| scope="row" | ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]''
| Contestant
| Eliminated
|-
|2007
| scope="row" | ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs]]''
| Contestant
| Eliminated
|-
|2018
| scope="row" |''Die Trying''
|Jason
|
|-
|2019
| scope="row" | ''[[Leila (TV series)|Leila]]''
| Naz Chaudhary
|
|-
|2019–2021
| scope="row" |''[[Hostel Daze]]''
|Ankit Pandey
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
| scope="row" |''[[Extrapolations (TV series)|Extrapolations]]''
|Gaurav
|
|-
|''[[Guns & Gulaabs]]''
|Jugnu/Chhotu Ganchi
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-04-09 |title=Raj and DK wrap up shoot of Netflix series 'Guns & Gulaabs' |url=https://theprint.in/features/raj-and-dk-wrap-up-shoot-of-netflix-series-guns-gulaabs/909526/ |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Alien: Earth]]''
| Slightly
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/alien-alex-lawther-samuel-blenkin-cast-fx-series-production-no-sag-aftra-actors-strike-1235443713/|title='Alien': Alex Lawther & Samuel Blenkin Among Quartet Cast As FX Series Starts Production With No SAG-AFTRA Actors Amid Strike|first1=Liz|last1=Shackleton|first2=Nellie|last2=Andreeva|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=July 20, 2023|access-date=July 21, 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width=100%
|-
! width=5%|Year
! width=20%|Award
! width=20%| Category
! width=40%| Nominated Work
! width=10%| Result
!width=5%|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|[[10th AACTA International Awards|2021]]
|[[AACTA International Awards]]
|[[AACTA International Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|rowspan="3"|''[[The White Tiger (2021 film)|The White Tiger]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[74th British Academy Film Awards|2021]]
|[[British Academy Film Awards]]
|[[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[36th Independent Spirit Awards|2021]]
|[[Independent Spirit Awards]]
|[[Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead|Best Male Lead]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[2021 Filmfare OTT Awards|2021]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Comedy Series
|''[[Hostel Daze]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[2024 Filmfare OTT Awards|2024]]
| Best Actor in a Web Original Film
|''[[Kho Gaye Hum Kahan]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2024 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2024/vote#164 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]] || Disruptor in Cinema || {{n/a}} || {{won}} || <ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Film Festival of Melbourne 2024 full winners list: 12th Fail is Best Film, Kartik Aaryan declared Best Actor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-2024-full-winners-list-12th-fail-is-best-film-kartik-aaryan-declared-best-actor-101723861728450.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=17 August 2024 |access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|3841091}}
*{{Instagram|gouravadarsh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gourav, Adarsh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Jamshedpur]]

K. Siva Reddy

2026-02-25T13:14:41Z

Svetloxf: small enhanced formatting to improve readability additionally and improved wording

{{EngvarB|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K.Siva Reddy
| image = File:K Shiva Reddy at KNY Patanjali complete works volumes book release program 29 Dec 2012 Hyderabad.jpg
| caption = Siva Reddy in 2012
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1943}}
| birth_place = [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| citizenship = Indian
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = poet
| notable_works = Mohana-O-Mohana, Pakkaki Ottigilite
| movement =
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Telugu|Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1990)
*[[Saraswati Samman]] (2018)
}}
| website =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
}}
'''K Siva Reddy''' is a Telugu poet from India who won Kendra [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Telugu|Sahitya Akademi Award]]<ref>{{cite web |title=K. Siva Reddy |url=https://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/poet/item/16074/27/K-Siva-Reddy |publisher=Poetry International Rotterdam |accessdate=23 April 2019 |archive-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423013400/https://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/poet/item/16074/27/K-Siva-Reddy |url-status=usurped }}</ref> in Telugu, 1990 for his Poetry work ''Mohana-O-Mohana''<ref>{{cite news|title=sahitya-akademi.gov.in-Telugu|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#TELUGU}}</ref> and was bestowed upon with [[Saraswati Samman]] in 2018 for his poetry collection ''Pakkaki Ottigilite'' ( Turning aside while lying down ), an anthology of 104 poems in blank verse .

He was born on August 6, 1943 in Karmurivaripalem , Guntur district to Sri Venkata Subba Reddy and Smt. Thulasamma .
He received school education in Kuchipudi and studied for PUC and degree in VSR degree college in Tenali. He got M.A.(English ) degree from Andhra University. <ref>{{cite news |title=K Siva Reddy to get Saraswati Samman |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/k-siva-reddy-to-get-saraswati-samman/story-edPLtEtSy1xDs1CasJ2xuO.html |accessdate=23 April 2019 |work=Hindustan Times, New Delhi}}</ref>

== Career ==

K. Siva Reddy retired principal of Vivek Vardhini College, Hyderabad and he taught English for thirty-five years there.
He has translated African and European poems into Telugu.

== Bibliography ==

===Poetry===
*Aame Evaraite Matram, Palapitta Prachuranalu, Hyderabad 2009
*Posaganivannee, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 2008
*Atanu-Charitra, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 2005
*Vrittalekhini, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 2003
*Antarjanam, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 2002
*Kavisamayam, Sahiti Mitrulu, Vijayawada, 2000
*Jaitrayatra, Sivareddy Mithrulu, Hyderabad 1999
*Varsham, Varsham, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1999 Naa Kalala Nadi Anchuna, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1997
*Ajeyam, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1994
*Sivareddy Kavita, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1991
*Mohana! Oh Mohana!, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1988
*Bharamiti, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1983
*Netra Dhanussu, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1978
*Aasupatrigeetam, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1976
*Charya, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1975
*Raktam Suryudu, Jhari Poetry Circle, Hyderabad, 1973<ref>{{cite news|title=Bibliography|url=https://www.poetryinternational.org/pi/poet/16074/K-Siva-Reddy/en/tile}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==

* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Telugu|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in Telugu, 1990.
* Saraswati Samman Award, 2018
* Siddartha Kalapeetham Puraskaram
* Dr. Somasunder Sahitya Puraskaram
* Visala Sahiti Award.<ref>{{cite news|title=prakritifoundation.com|url=https://prakritifoundation.com/artiseprofile/k-siva-reddy/}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Saraswati Samman}}
{{Gangadhar National Award For Poetry}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, K. Siva}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Saraswati Samman Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Telugu]]

{{India-poet-stub}}

Ramsingh Bhai Verma

2026-02-15T16:30:21Z

Svetloxf: adding bio!

{{Short description|Indian trade unionist and politician (born 1912)}}
'''Ramsingh Bhai Verma''' or '''Ramsingh Bhai Karansingh''' (born 1912) was an Indian [[trade union]]ist and politician. He emerged as a prominent leader of [[Indore]] textile workers in the 1940s and 1950s, but was eventually ousted from his leadership role in an internal dispute in 1963/1964. He was a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the [[Parliament of India]]) from 1957 to 1962 and 1972 to 1977.

==Youth==
He was born in [[Kota State|Kota]], a [[Rajputana]] princely state on October 31, 1912.<ref name=rwjo275/><ref name=who57>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=S7UeAQAAMAAJ Who's who]''. Parliament Secretariat, 1957. p. 500</ref> He was the son of Karansingh Verma, a ''shikari'' (hunter's guide) and [[Jadaun (clan)|Jadon Rajput]].<ref name=rwjo275/><ref name=who57/> As a young boy, per his own account, he was enrolled in a Rajput state school (military training facility).<ref name=rwjo275/> During his youth years Ramsingh Verma was attracted to nationalist politics and became active in the social reform movement against feudalism in the [[Rajput]] community.<ref name=who57/> He was taken prisoner, but escaped.<ref name=rwjo275/> He boarded the [[Golden Temple Mail|Frontier Mail]] train without a ticket, and ended up in [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name=rwjo275/> He stayed at the [[Sabarmati Ashram]] for two years.<ref name=rwjo275/> Verma took part in the 1930 [[Salt March]].<ref name=rwjo275/><ref name=who57/> In 1932 he became a trade union organizer.<ref name=who57/> He worked under the supervision of [[Gulzarilal Nanda]] and [[Kandubhai Desai]] in the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association, and obtained prominence as a capable organizer.<ref name=rwjo275/> The Gujaratis affectively called him 'Ramsinghbhai' ('bhai' meaning 'brother').<ref name=rwjo275/> He joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1934.<ref name=rwjo275>Rodney W. Jones. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Mxe6EAAAQBAJ Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System]''. Univ of California Press, 2023. p. 275</ref> Verma married Shanti Devi in 1934, the couple would go on to have one son and one daughter.<ref name=who57/>

==Indore labour leader==
In the period leading up to [[World War II]] the textile workers union movement in Indore had come under communist control. Maharaja [[Yashwant Rao Holkar II]] requested support from pro-Congress trade unions.<ref name=rwjo>Rodney W. Jones. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Mxe6EAAAQBAJ Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System]''. Univ of California Press, 2023. p. 81-82, 86, 89, 91, 273-274, 291, 293, 296</ref> In response [[Gulzarilal Nanda]] sent Dravid and Ramsingh Verma to Indore to build a pro-Congress textile workers trade union to compete with the communists.<ref name=rwjo/> They founded the Indore Mill Mazdoor Sangh in December 1941.<ref name=rwjo/> Verma was the general secretary of the union.<ref name=who57/> Dravid and Verma emerged as popular leaders and came to constitute a faction in the Indian National Congress in Indore.<ref name=rwjo/> Dravid and Verma were arrested during the 1942 [[Quit India movement]], and spent nearly a year and a half in detention.<ref name=glance>{{cite book | first1=T. V. | last1=Rama Rao | first2=G. D. | last2=Binani | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2b9NOnb8WigC | title=India at a Glance: A Comprehensive Reference Book on India | publisher=Orient Longmans | date=1954 | page=554}}</ref><ref name=rwjo/> In jail they befriended [[Gangaram Tiwari]], whom they recruited to IMMS.<ref name=rwjo/> They were released in late 1943, after which the IMMS was reactivated.<ref name=rwjo/><ref name=hcr>[[Harold Crouch]]. ''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=YS1YAAAAYAAJ Indian Working Class]''. Sachin Publications, 1979. pp. 101, 130, 143-144</ref> By 1943 IMMS had some 1,760 members.<ref name=rwjo/> By 1945 the IMMS membership had grown to around 5,000.<ref name=rwjo/>

Verma became the IMMS president in 1947.<ref name=who57/> He took part in the 1947 movement for democratic government in [[Indore State]], and became a Constituent Assembly member of the state.<ref name=who57/> In 1949 he became a member of the [[Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=who57/> He became the president of the Madhya Bharat unit of the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]] in 1947.<ref name=who57/> After the merger of Madhya Bharat into Madhya Pradesh, he became the Madhya Pradesh INTUC president.<ref name=who57/> In 1949 he became the secretary of the National Textile Federation.<ref name=who57/> In 1953 he became one of the vice presidents of INTUC nation-wide.<ref name=who57/>

==Union boss==
As of the 1952 elections there were three main factions in the Congress Party in Indore, the ''{{ill|Nai Duniya (Indore newspaper)|lt=Nai Duniya|hi|नईदुनिया}}'' faction (representing the former [[Praja Mandal]] movement), the Khadiwala faction (Hindi-speaking Brahmans) and the labour faction of Verma and Dravid. The labour faction and ''Nai Duniya'' faction got two seats each to contest in the [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election]] whilst the Khadiwala faction got the [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore Lok Sabha seat]]. The labour faction candidates were Verma and Dravid. Verma contested the constituency were most of the labourers lived, Indore City A.<ref name=rwjo/><ref name=eci52mb/> Verma won the Indore City A seat, obtaining 10,276 votes (49.05%, which at the time was considered a relatively poor result for a Congress candidate).<ref name=rwjo/><ref name=eci52mb>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424172230/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA BHARAT]''</ref>

Apart from regular trade union activities, IMMS also engaged in social welfare activities and setting up workers housing colonies.<ref name=hcr/> Ahead of the 1957 elections, Verma wanted to contest the [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore Lok Sabha seat]].<ref name=rwjo/> This was a set to far for the old elites of Indore, who did not consent to the labour faction having both two out of 4 Indore legislative seats as well as the national parliamentary seat of the city. Kanhaiyalal Khadiwala also wanted to contest the seat. The Congress Party leadership mediated between the Indore labour faction and the old city elites, and in the end Verma was offered to runs as the Congress Party candidate in the Nimar (Khargone) Lok Sabha seat.<ref name=rwjo/> Verma won the seat, in a relatively close contest against [[Jan Sangh]] candidate [[Ramchandra Bade]].<ref>Craig Baxter. ''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=vOOKAAAAMAAJ The Jana Sangh: A Biography of an Indian Political Party]''. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969. p. 222</ref> Verma won the seat, obtaining 73,180 votes (47.45%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150508101835/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1957 TO THE SECOND LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)]''</ref>

==1962 election==
In the [[1962 Indian general election]] Verma got the chance to contest the Indore Lok Sabha seat.<ref name=rwjo/> During the campaign Verma quoted Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] statement that "[t]here are two Congress leaders who could win from any constituency. They are the Maharani of Gwalior and Ramsingh Verma".<ref name=rwjo/> Verma lost the election, being defeated by the communist candidate [[Homi F. Daji]] and finishing in second place with 89,389 votes (38.94%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150508192259/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1962 TO THE THIRD LOK SABHA – VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)]''</ref> Verma's loss shattered the image of him as the all-powerful union boss in Indore, and paved way for tensions between Verma, Dravid and Tiwari.<ref name=rwjo/> As Verma retreated from parliamentary politics, he sought to consolidate his hold over the union.<ref name=rwjo/>

==Verma-Dravid split==
In 1963 Verma allegedly entered into a secret deal with [[R.C. Jall]] (representing mill owner interests), whereby a 'four-loom system' would be introduced (the 'four-loom system' entailed higher pay managing more looms, but the introduction of the system also implied the dismissal of thousands of workers).<ref name=rwjo302/> Dravid and Tiwari vehemetly opposed the deal, and as Labour Minister Dravid took steps to introduce legislation that would allow fired workers to seek assistance in courts even without the assistance of the Verma-led IMMS.<ref name=rwjo302/> After the Verma-Jall pact, Tiwari began raising concerns on Verma's behaviour.<ref name=rwjo302>Rodney W. Jones. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Mxe6EAAAQBAJ Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System]''. Univ of California Press, 2023. pp. 300-302</ref> Tiwari's critique centred around alleged behavioural issues of Verma during the preparations of a June 1963 exhibition of the Mahila Vikas Mandir (a women's organization linked to IMMS).<ref name=rwjo302/> Verma responded by organizing a number of fierce public meetings, challenging the reputation of Tiwari.<ref name=rwjo302/> On June 5, 1963 Verma brought a no-confidence motion to remove Tiwari as the IMMS secretary.<ref name=rwjo302/> Verma failed to get enough votes to oust Tiwari at the June 5, 1963 meeting, but managed to get a committee formed (stacked with Verma confidants) to investigate Tiwari.<ref name=rwjo302/>

On June 23, 1963 Verma organized an IMMS Pratinidhi Mandal (Delegates Meeting), seeking to oust Tiwari as IMMS secretary. The meeting decided to expel Tiwari from the union.<ref name=rwjo304>Rodney W. Jones. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Mxe6EAAAQBAJ Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System]''. Univ of California Press, 2023. pp. 304-305, 308, 312</ref> During the ensuing months there were violent clashes between Verma and Tiwari supporters.<ref name=rwjo304/> Initially it appeared that Verma had the upper hand in the conflict, and Verma controlled Shram Shibir (the IMMS headquarters). But Tiwari's influence among the Indore textile workers gradually grew. On December 13, 1963 Tiwari led a public rally of 5,000 workers to the gates of Shram Shibir, demanding the payment of a bonus and shouting anti-Verma slogans.<ref name=rwjo304/>

==Ousted==
The central leadership of the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]] (INTUC) sought to mediate between the warring Indore factions, sending [[Kashi Nath Pandey]] as the arbitrator. On January 19, 1964, the day that Pandey was set to arrive, the Verma faction was organizing a Pratinidhi Sabha (Assembly of Delegates). Tiwari on the other hand mobilized 7,000 workers to the streets, blocking traffic. The rally was the largest public gathering of the IMMS factional conflict. The Dravid-Tiwari faction besieged Shram Shibir, which Pandey had reportedly entered through a rear door. Pandey came out of the gates to speak with the protestors. The January 19, 1964 showed to the INTUC central leadership that it was Dravid and Tiwari that had a real mass base in Indore, which tipped the scales to their favour. The central leadership intervened, and Verma resigned from his post as IMMS president.<ref name=rwjo317>Rodney W. Jones. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Mxe6EAAAQBAJ Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System]''. Univ of California Press, 2023. p. 317</ref> In February 1964 the central leadership of INTUC dissolved the INTUC Madhya Pradesh and IMMS committees.<ref name=rwjo321/> Dravid was installed as the new president of INTUC Madhya Pradesh State Committee and Tiwari was installed as the new president of IMMS.<ref name=rwjo321>Rodney W. Jones. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=Mxe6EAAAQBAJ Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System]''. Univ of California Press, 2023. pp. 320-321</ref>

==1972 by-election==
Verma returned to the Lok Sabha in a June 4, 1972, by-election for the Indore seat, held after [[Prakash Chandra Sethi]]'s resignation.<ref name=soc/> Verma obtained 79,967 votes, against 64,356 for [[Kalyan Jain]] of the Socialist Party 3,740 votes for independent candidate P. Jat and 1,667 votes for independent candidate V. Mittal.<ref name=soc>''Indore By-election'', in ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=RR4c8iuY__MC&pg=RA2-PA25 Socialist India]'', June 10, 1972. p. 25</ref><ref name="e">Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120117074622/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls Bye-election results 1952-95]''</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Ramsinghbhai}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from Indore]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

IIFA Award for Best Special Effects

2026-02-04T21:01:14Z

Svetloxf: refined section per sources

{{Short description|Annual film award in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
The '''IIFA Special Effects''' is a technical award chosen ahead of the ceremonies.

== Multiple wins ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Wins
!Recipient
|-
|6
| [[Red Chillies VFX]]
|-
|4
|Prime Focus Group
|}

== Awards ==
The winners are listed below:

{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Year || Winner || Film
|-
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2025 ||[[Red Chillies VFX]] || ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''
|-
|2024
|[[Red Chillies VFX]]
|[[Jawan (film)|''Jawan'']]
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2023 || [[DNEG]] & Redefine || ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]''
|-
| 2022 || [[Ajay Devgn FFilms|NY VFXWALA]] || ''[[Sardar Udham]]''
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2020 || YFX (YRF Studios) || ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
|-
| 2019 || Filmgate Films AB || ''[[Tumbbad]]''
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2018 || NY VFXwala || ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]''
|-
| 2017 || [[Red Chillies VFX]] || [[Fan (2016 film)|Fan]]
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2016 || [[Prasad Sutar]] || [[Bajirao Mastani]]
|-
| 2015 || Prime Focus Group || [[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]''[http://www.primefocusindia.com/media-events/prime-focus-wins-best-special-effects-kick-iifa-awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821043110/http://www.primefocusindia.com/media-events/prime-focus-wins-best-special-effects-kick-iifa-awards |date=21 August 2015 }}[http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/iifa-2015-technical-awards-shahid-kapoor-and-shraddha-kapoors-haider-wins-big/]''
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2014 || [[Red Chillies VFX]] || ''[[Krrish 3]]''
|-
| 2013 ||Tata Elxsi || ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]''
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2012 || [[Red Chillies Entertainment|Red Chillies VFX]]|| ''[[Ra.One]]''
|-
| 2011 || Indian Artists || ''[[Robot (film)|Robot]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2010 || Charles Darby - Eyecube Labs || ''[[Aladdin]]'' [https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2010/iifa-technical-awards-winners-170510.html]
|-
| 2009 || Prime Focus Group || ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2008 || [[Red Chillies Entertainment|Red Chillies VFX]] || ''[[Om Shanti Om (film)|Om Shanti Om]]''
|-
| 2007 || EFX Studios || ''[[Krrish]]''
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2006 || Prime Focus Group || ''[[Dus]]''
|-
| 2005 || Rajtaru Video Sonic & Eagle Video Films || ''[[Main Hoon Na]]''
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2004 || Bimmini Special Fx, Digital Art Media || ''[[Koi Mil Gaya]]''
|-
| 2003 || Prime Focus Group || ''[[Kaante]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2002 || Paul Sims || ''[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]''
|-
| 2001 || Raj Taru (Video Sonic Ltd) || ''[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]''
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| 2000 || CMM Studios & Raj Taru (Video Sonic) || ''[[Hindustan Ki Kasam (1999 film)|Hindustan Ki Kasam]]''
|}

== See also ==
* [[IIFA Awards]]
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==External links==
* [http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200804252175.htm 2008 winners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612203848/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200804252175.htm |date=12 June 2008 }}
{{IIFA Awards}}

[[Category:Film awards for Best Visual Effects]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards]]

British India

2026-01-24T01:42:47Z

Svetloxf: minor improve article for clarity and fixed typos

#REDIRECT [[Presidencies and provinces of British India]]

{{rcat shell|
{{r from move}}
{{r mentioned in hatnote}}
{{R from related word}}
{{printworthy}}
{{R with history}}
}}

J. Jayalalithaa filmography

2026-01-18T09:35:18Z

Svetloxf: added layout also

{{short description|Filmography article}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
[[File:J Jayalalithaa.jpg|thumb|right|J. Jayalalithaa in 2015]]
This is the filmography of the late Indian actress and former Tamil Nadu chief minister [[J. Jayalalithaa]] who acted in over 125 films including [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://citwf.com/person231119.htm |title=JAYALALITHA: Film / Movie Information |website=citwf.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813155106/http://citwf.com/person231119.htm |archive-date=2011-08-13}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

===1960s===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" |Notes
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1961 || ''[[Sri Shaila Mahathme]]'' || [[Parvati|Goddess Child Parvati]] ||[[Kannada]]||Debut on-screen appearance
|
|-
| ''Epistle'' || ||[[English language|English]]||Released in 1966
|
|-
| rowspan=1| 1962 || ''[[Man-Mauji]]'' || [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]||[[Hindi]]
|Debut in Hindi as a child artiste; dances for a special three-minute song sequence
|
|-
| rowspan=1| 1963 || ''[[Constable Kooturu]]'' || rowspan="3" | Dancer || rowspan="2" | Telugu || Dancer in Andhamkosam Kannulu
|
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1964 || ''[[Amarasilpi Jakkanna]]'' || Dancer in Malligeya Hoovinantha (Guest Appearance)
|
|-
| ''[[Amarashilpi Jakanachari (film)|Amarashilpi Jakanachari]]'' || rowspan="4" | Kannada || Guest Appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' || Rani || Debut as a leading actress and in Kannada cinema
|
|-
| ''[[Mane Aliya]]'' || Meenakshi ||
|
|-
| rowspan=6 | 1965 || ''[[Mavana Magalu]]'' || Saroja ||
|
|-
| ''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]'' || Indira || Telugu || Debut in Telugu as a leading actress
|
|-
| ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' || Shobha || rowspan="3" | Tamil || Debut in Tamil as a leading actress
|
|-
| ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Ayirathil Oruvan]]'' || Poongodi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kanni Thaai]]'' || Sarasu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nanna Kartavya]]'' || Shantha || Kannada ||
|
|-
| rowspan=17 | 1966 || ''[[Mugaraasi]]'' || Jaya || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thanipiravi]]'' || Radha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Aastiparulu]]'' || Radha || Telugu||
|
|-
| ''[[Chandhrodhayam]]'' || Devi || Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''Kanni Pilla'' || || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Badukuva Daari]]'' || || Kannada ||
|
|-
| ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]]'' || Gowri || rowspan="3" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]''|| Vimala ||
|
|-
| ''[[Mani Magudam]]'' ||Poongodi/Kalarani||
|
|-
| ''[[Aame Evaru?]]'' || Sandhya || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kumari Penn]]'' || Shyamala || Tamil ||25th Film
|
|-
| ''[[Navaratri (1966 film)|Navaratri]]'' || Mental patient || Telugu || Guest appearance
|
|-
| [[Yaar Nee? (film)|''Yaar Nee?'']] || Santhya & Mohini (dual role){{efn|Jayalalithaa played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}|| rowspan="3" | Tamil || Madras Filmfans Association Awards for Best Actress.
|
|-
| Lorry Driver(film)| ''Lorry Driver'' || ||
|
|-
| [[Nee (film)|''Nee'']] || Jaya & Usha (dual role){{efn|Jayalalithaa played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}||
|
|-
| ''[[Gudachari 116]]'' || Radha || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Motor Sundaram Pillai]]'' || Nirmala || rowspan="5" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| rowspan=9 | 1967 || ''[[Thaikku Thalaimagan]]'' || Malathi ||
|
|-
| [[Naan (1967 film)|''Naan'']] || Geetha || Madras Filmfans Association Awards for Best Actress.
|
|-
| ''[[Maadi Veettu Mappilai]]'' || Meena ||
|
|-
| ''[[Arasa Kattalai]]'' || Meghana ||
|
|-
| [[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1967)|''Chikkadu Dorakadu'']] || Priyamvada Devi || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Gopaludu Bhoopaludu]]'' || Rajini ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kaavalkaaran (1967 film)|Kaavalkaaran]]'' || Susheela || rowspan="7" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kandhan Karunai]]'' || Valli ||
|
|-
| ''[[Raja Veetu Pillai]]'' || ||
|
|-
| rowspan=21 | 1968 || ''[[Panakkara Pillai]]'' || Latha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Enga Oor Raja]]'' || Geetha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pudhiya Bhoomi]]'' || Kannamma ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thaer Thiruvizha]]'' || Valliyammal ||
|
|-
| ''[[Brahmachari (Telugu film)|Brahmachari]]'' || Vasantha || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]'' || Jaya || rowspan="6" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Moondru Yezhuthu]]'' || Selvi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Muthu Chippi]]'' || Jaya || Madras Filmfans Association Awards for Best Actress.
|
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Vaaganam]]'' || Vanidha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kanavan]]'' || Rani Chidhambaram Pillai ||
|
|-
| ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]'' || Lalitha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Sukha Dukhalu]]'' || Bala || Telugu ||
|
|-
| [[Bommalattam (1968 film)|''Bommalattam'']] || Geetha || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'' || Malliga || Madras Filmfans Association Awards for Best Actress
|
|-
| ''[[Niluvu Dopidi]]'' || Radha || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Baghdad Gajadonga]]''|| Nazeem ||
|
|-
| ''[[Oli Vilakku]]'' || Geetha || Tamil ||
|
|-
| [[Izzat (1968 film)|''Izzat'']] || Jhumki || Hindi || Only Hindi film as a leading actress (was paired with [[Dharmendra]])
|
|-
| ''[[Ragasiya Police 115]]'' || Neela || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Andru Kanda Mugam]]'' || Kanchana || 50th Film
|
|-
| ''[[Tikka Shankararaiah]]'' || Rani || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1969|| ''[[Sri Rama Katha]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Rama Katha (1969) |url=https://indiancine.ma/NQE |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>|| Srimathi & [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhudevi]] (dual role)||
|
|-
| ''[[Aadarsa Kutumbam]]'' || Saroja ||
|
|-
| ''[[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|Nam Naadu]]'' || Ammu || Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Adrushtavanthalu]]'' || Jaya || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Deiva Magan]]'' || Nirmala || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|
|-
|[[Gurudhatchanai|Gurudhakshanai]]|| Kanni ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kathanayakudu (1969 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' || Jayalakshmi || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kadaladu Vadaladu]]'' || Madhumathi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Gandikota Rahasyam]]'' || Radha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Adimai Penn]]'' || Jeeva & Pavalavalli (dual role) || Tamil ||
|
|-
|}

===1970s===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan=9 | 1970 || ''[[Anadhai Anandhan]]'' || Moghini || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Maattukara Velan]]'' || Radha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]'' || Marjiana || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thedi Vandha Mappillai]]'' || Uma Mageshwari|| rowspan="10" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Enga Mama]]'' || Seetha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Engal Thangam]]'' || Kaladevi ||
|
|-
| ''[[Engirundho Vandhaal]]'' || Radha/Kamala || Madras Filmfans Association Awards for Best Actress.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/12/05/jayalalithaa-tamil-films-actress-female-superstar-mgr-aayirathil-oruvan-aiadmk-chief-minister-amma-cinema | title=Jayalalithaa: Amma as Tamil Cinema's First Female Superstar | date=5 December 2016 }}</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[En Annan]]'' || Valli Ammal ||
|
|-
| ''[[Paadhukaappu]]'' || Valli ||
|
|-
| rowspan=9 | 1971 || ''[[Sumathi En Sundari]]'' || Sumathi/Sundari || Madras Filmfans Association Awards for Best Actress.
|
|-
| ''[[Aathi Parasakthi]]'' || [[Adi Parashakti]] || 75th Film
|
|-
| ''[[Annai Velankanni]]'' || Mary ||
|
|-
| ''[[Savaale Samali]]''|| Sakunthala ||
|
|-
| ''[[Shri Krishna Vijayam]]'' || Vasundhara|| Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thanga Gopuram]]'' || Seetha & Herself (dual role){{efn|Jayalalithaa played both fictional and non-fictional roles in the film.}}|| rowspan="5" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Kumari Kottam]]'' || Kumari & Mayadhevi (dual role){{efn|Jayalalithaa played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}||
|
|-
| ''[[Oru Thaai Makkal]]'' || Radha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'' || Kanchana ||
|
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1972 || ''[[Annamitta Kai]]'' || Seetha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Bharya Biddalu]]'' || Radha || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'' || Kalpana || Tamil || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil]].
|
|-
|''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'' || Chandra Sena & [[Satyabhama|Sathyabhama]] (dual role){{efn|Jayalalithaa played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}|| Telugu || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu]].
|
|-
| ''[[Raja (1972 film)|Raja]]'' || Radha || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Dharmam Enge]]'' || Roopa ||
|
|-
| ''[[Raman Thediya Seethai (1972 film)|Raman Thediya Seethai]]'' || Seetha || rowspan="4" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Neethi (1972 film)|Needhi]]'' || Radha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Dhikku Theriyadha Kaattil]]'' || Vijaya ||
|
|-
| ''[[Shakthi Leelai]]'' || Periya Paalayathamman, [[Devi Kanya Kumari|Kannika]] (dual role){{efn|Jayalalithaa played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}||
|
|-
| rowspan=9 | 1973 || ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' || Sujatha || rowspan="2" | Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''Devudamma'' || Jyothi ||
|-
| ''[[Baghdad Perazhagi]]'' || Mumtaj || Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Doctor Babu]]'' || Gauri || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Pattikaattu Ponnaiya]]''|| Kannamma || Tamil || Last pairing with MGR
|
|-
| ''[[Jesus (1973 film)|Jesus]]'' ||[[Salome]]|| Malayalam || Only Malayalam film as a leading actress
|
|-
| ''[[Vandhale Magaraasi]]'' ||Lakshmi & Rani (dual role){{efn|Jayalalithaa played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}|| rowspan="7" | Tamil || Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress.
|
|-
| ''[[Ganga Gowri (1973 film)|Ganga Gowri]]'' || [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] ||
|
|-
| ''[[Suryagandhi]]'' ||Radha || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil]] Madras Filmfans Association Awards for Best Actress.
|
|-
| rowspan=7 | 1974 || ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' || Rani ||
|
|-
| ''[[Anbu Thangai]]'' || Radha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thaai]]'' || Sivakami ||
|
|-
| ''Iru Deivangal'' ||
|
|-
| ''[[Premalu Pellillu]]'' || Indira || Telugu ||
|
|-
| ''[[Vairam]]'' || Rani || rowspan="11" | Tamil ||
|
|-
| ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' ||Seetha|| 75th Tamil & official 100th film
|
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1975 || ''[[Avalukku Ayiram Kangal]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Yarukkum Vetkam Illai]]'' || ||
|
|-
| ''[[Avanthan Manithan]]'' || Lalitha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Paattum Bharathamum]]'' || Lalitha ||
|
|-
| ''[[Cinema Paithiyam]]'' || As Herself || [[Cameo Appearance]]
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1976 || ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]'' || Chithra ||
|
|-
| ''[[Chitra Pournami (film)|Chitra Pournami]]'' || Rani ||
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1977 || ''[[Unnai Suttrum Ulagam]]'' || Lakshmi || Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress
|
|-
| ''[[Shri Krishna Leela (1977 film)|Shri Krishna Leela]]'' || [[Satyabhama]] ||
|
|-
|}

===1980s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|rowspan=4|1980
|'''Maatran Thodatha Maaligai'''
|
|rowspan=3|Tamil
|rowspan=2|Unreleased
|-
|'''Manipoor Maamiyar'''
|
|
|-
|''[[Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal]]''
|
|Last Tamil film as a leading actress
|
|-
|''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]''
|Vasantha
|Telugu
|Last Telugu film as a leading actress
|
|}

=== 1990s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|1992
|''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]''
|[[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
|Tamil
|[[Cameo appearance]]
|
|}

==Discography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| style="background:#9fc;"| {{Hash-tag|alt=Songs that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes songs that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
! Song !! Movie !! Co-singer(s) !! Music
|-
|1969
| ''Amma Endraal Anbu'' || ''[[Adimai Penn]]'' ||||[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
|1970
| ''Challa Challani'' || ''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]'' ||||[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|-
|rowspan="5" |1973
| ''Oh Meri Dilruba'' || rowspan="2" | ''[[Suryakanthi]]'' || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
| ''Naan Endraal Adhu'' || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| ''Kangalil Aayiram'' || ''[[Vandhale Magaraasi]]'' || T. M. Soundararajan ||[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|-
| ''Iru Maangani Pol'' || ''[[Vairam]]'' || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || [[T. R. Pappa]]
|-
| ''Chithira Mandapathil'' || ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' || T. M. Soundararajan || rowspan="4" | M. S. Viswanathan
|-
|rowspan="3" |1974
| ''Thirumangalyam Kollum Murai'' || rowspan="3" | ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Porkudathil Pongum Ezhir Suvaiyo'' ||
|-
| ''Ulagam Oru Naal Pirandhadhu'' ||
|-
|1977
| ''Madras Mail'' || ''[[Unnai Suttrum Ulagam]]''|| L. R. Easwari || Shankar Ganesh
|-
|1979
| ''Maariyamma Muthu Maariyamma'' || rowspan="4" |Non-film Devotional Album|||| rowspan="4" |[[Kunnakkudi Vaidyanathan]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |1981
| ''Kaali Mahamaayi Karumaariyaanavale'' ||
|-
| ''Thanga Mayileri Varum Engal Vadivelavan'' ||
|-
|style="background:#9fc;position:center" | {{Hash-tag|alt=Songs that have not yet been released}}
| ''Maarii Varum Ulaginiley'' ||
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0412883|J.Jayalalitha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayalalitha, J. filmography}}
[[Category:Jayalalithaa|Filmography]]
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Actress filmographies]]

Ranjana Gauhar

2026-01-12T13:56:42Z

Svetloxf: adding new details!

{{Short description|Indian dancer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2015}}
[[File:Ranjana Gauhar 1.jpg|thumb|Ranjana Gauhar is an exponent of the Indian Classical dance - Odissi, an ancient dance style which originated, centuries ago, in the temples of Orissa.]]
Padmashree '''Ranjana Gauhar'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ranjanagauhar.com/ |title=Ranjana Gauhar.com |publisher=Ranjana Gauhar.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-06 |archive-date=15 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015232434/http://www.ranjanagauhar.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> is an [[Odissi]] dancer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=For Ranjana Gauhar, Odissi is more than a dance form: 'It is a philosophy, an ideology that makes you one with God' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/ranjana-gauhar-odissi-dance-journey-career-learnings-philosophy-interview-8922452/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

She won the [[Padma Shree]] in 2003<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | accessdate=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> and with the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Award for the year 2007 by the President of India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Classical music, dance fest begins at Tagore Theatre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/classical-music-dance-fest-begins-at-tagore-theatre/amp_articleshow/57700521.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

[[File:Ranjana Gauhar 2.jpg|thumb|left|Ranjana Gauhar is an exponent of the Indian Classical dance - Odissi, an ancient dance style which originated, centuries ago, in the temples of Orissa.]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gauhar, Ranjana}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Odissi dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Bakaiti

2026-01-07T19:44:33Z

Svetloxf: Creating basic article needs work

{{Infobox television
| image = Bakaiti.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = Comedy drama
| creator = Dice Media
| writer = {{ubl|Gunjan Saxena|Neha Pawar|Sheetal Kapoor}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|Gunjan Saxena|Neha Pawar|Sheetal Kapoor}}
| director = Ameet Guptha
| starring = [[Sheeba Chaddha]] [[Rajesh Tailang]] Tanya Sharma Aaditya Shukla
| music = Abhijeet Hegdepatil
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes =
| producer = Aditi Shrivastava
| cinematography = Raju Gauli
| editor = Swapnil Nerurkar
| company = Pocket Aces
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|08|01}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''Bakaiti''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language comedy-drama web series directed by Ameet Guptha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |date=2025-07-28 |title=‘Bakaiti’ trailer: Comedy series looks at a middle-class family’s survival strategies |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1084936/bakaiti-trailer-comedy-series-looks-at-a-middle-class-familys-survival-strategies |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> It stars [[Sheeba Chaddha]] and [[Rajesh Tailang]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kar |first=Shramana |date=31 July 2025 |title=Before Bakaiti releases, watch Rajesh Tailang's impressive performances in these series |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/before-bakaiti-releases-watch-rajesh-tailangs-impressive-performances-in-these-series-ottplay-101753945012585.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> with Tanya Sharma and Aaditya Shukla playing the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Irani |first=Shaheen Sharookh |date=29 July 2025 |title=Bakaiti actor Rajesh Tailang: Audiences had appetite for new content but weren’t served that {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/bakaiti-actor-rajesh-tailang-audiences-had-appetite-for-new-content-but-weren-t-served-that-exclusive-ottplay-101753787427382.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Set in [[Ghaziabad]], it depicts the everyday struggles of a middle-class family as they navigate financial hardship and interpersonal challenges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-28 |title=Bakaiti trailer: Rajesh Tailang, Sheeba Chaddha navigate middle-class struggles |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/zee5-bakaiti-middle-class-family-drama-sheeba-chaddha-rajesh-tailang-2762657-2025-07-28 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=नई वेब सीरीज: मिड‍िल क्‍लास की मुश्‍क‍िलें, रिश्‍तों की मिठास ला रही 'बकैती', क्‍या चलेगा 'गुल्लक' जैसा जादू? |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/web-series/latest/bakaiti-web-series-trailer-release-date-cast-plot-know-when-and-where-to-watch/articleshow/122955196.cms |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Set in old [[Ghaziabad]], the story follows the five-member [[Katarian|Kataria]] family during a period of financial difficulty. To earn additional income, the family patriarch, Sanjay (Papaji), decides to rent out a room in their home. This results in Naina, the 21-year-old daughter, being asked to vacate her room and move in with her younger brother Bharat, aged 17.

Naina, ambitious and emotional, is unhappy with the change, while Bharat, a street-smart cricket enthusiast, resents sharing his space. As the siblings struggle to adjust, their parents, Sanjay and Sushma, face pressure from Sanjay’s younger brother to sell the ancestral home following the recent death of their father. With the arrival of a new tenant, tensions rise, relationships are tested, and the family must confront generational differences while rediscovering mutual understanding and care.

== Cast and characters ==

* [[Rajesh Tailang]] as Sanjay Kataria
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]] as Sushma Kataria
* Tanya Sharma as Naina Kataria
* Aaditya Shukla as Bharat Kataria
* Keshav Sadhna
* Ramesh Rai
* Poonam Jangra
* Shashwat Chaturvedi
* Parvinder Jit Singh

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table |background=#9C958E |overall= |title= |director= |airdate= |directorR= |writerR= |airdateR= |episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Paani Ki Tanki Bhar Gayi Hai
|DirectedBy = Ameet Guptha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Sanjay Kataria informs his family about his plan to rent out a room in their ancestral home. His father disapproves and rebukes him, while the Kataria children start coming up with ideas to make some extra income.
|LineColor = #9C958E}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Tervi Mein Teekhi Baat
|DirectedBy = Ameet Guptha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Following Dadaji’s passing, the family gathers at Ajay’s home. While everyone navigates various family matters, Naina and Bharat scheme to drive away interested tenants. Sanjay learns of their actions and confronts them with a firm ultimatum.
|LineColor = #9C958E}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Naya Mehmaan
|DirectedBy = Ameet Guptha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = A visit from a neighbour sparks the Kataria siblings’ idea to launch a home-based business, but their venture quickly falls apart. Soon after, the charismatic Chirag moves in as a tenant, leaving Naina instantly smitten.
|LineColor = #9C958E}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Result Kahaan Hai
|DirectedBy = Ameet Guptha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Naina and Bharat sharing a room leads to increased chaos in the Kataria household. Naina shares a sweet moment with Chirag, while Sanjay heads to Ajay’s furniture store to resolve the disagreement over the house.
|LineColor = #9C958E}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Rakhi Ya Friendship
|DirectedBy = Ameet Guptha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = The Katarias’ Raksha Bandhan celebration takes an unpleasant turn when a quarrel prompts Ajay and his family to leave. Naina tries to get closer to Chirag, while Bharat overhears his parents arguing and is confronted with a painful truth.
|LineColor = #9C958E}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Dil Ka Kamra
|DirectedBy = Ameet Guptha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Bharat is thrilled about his upcoming cricket trials, while Naina struggles with uncertainty about her future and the pain of heartbreak. On the night before her birthday, she pours her feelings into a heartfelt letter.
|LineColor = #9C958E}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Birthday aur Bakaiti
|DirectedBy = Ameet Guptha
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = On Naina’s birthday, she is nowhere to be seen. As Ajay and his family arrive to celebrate, an argument breaks out between the elder Kataria siblings. Meanwhile, Bharat figures out where Naina might be.
|LineColor = #9C958E}}
}}

== Production and release ==
Bakaiti was created and produced by Dice Media, the digital content division of Pocket Aces Pictures. The series is produced by Aditi Shrivastava and written by Gunjan Saxena, Neha Pawar, and Sheetal Kapoor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakaiti Trailer Out: Know Plot, Cast, Release Date Of Zee 5’s Family Entertainer Web Series |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/news/bakaiti-trailer-out-know-plot-cast-release-date-of-zee-5-family-entertainer-web-series-10255998 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=www.thedailyjagran.com |language=en}}</ref>

It premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 1 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New OTT releases: from Housefull 5 to Bakaiti, top 5 shows you can't miss, 3rd on the list is... |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/new-ott-releases-from-housefull-5-to-bakaiti-top-5-shows-you-cant-miss-3rd-on-the-list-is-eyes-of-wakanda-7979134/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-31 |title=Sheeba Chaddha On Advice Given To 19-Year-Old Daughter: Woman Should Always Earn Her Own Money - Exclusive |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/bakaiti-sheeba-chaddha-on-advice-given-to-her-19-year-old-daughter-woman-should-always-earn-her-own-money-exclusive-article-152378084 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Bakaiti'' received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics.

Archika Khurana of [[The Times of India]] rated the series 3 out of 5 stars, describing it as a modest and heartfelt portrayal of Indian family life that may appeal to viewers seeking comfort and familiarity, though it avoids high‑stakes drama and may feel too safe for some audiences."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/bakaiti/season-1/seasonreview/122974355.cms |title=Bakaiti Season 1 Review: A mildly charming slice of middle-class life |last=Khurana |first=Archika |access-date=2025-08-02 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Shweta Keshri of [[India Today]], also giving a score of 3/5, noted that "noted that while the premise feels familiar, the warmth and genuineness of the storytelling make it an easy and pleasant watch, especially as a short weekend binge."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=2025-08-01 |title=Bakaiti review: Bickering never stops in this familiar yet heartwarming series |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/bakaiti-review-rajesh-tailang-sheeba-chaddha-middle-class-family-drama-2764469-2025-08-01 |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In a less favourable review, [[Shubhra Gupta]] of [[The Indian Express]] rated it 2/5, calling it "a patchy drama that fails to rise above its noisy family conflicts."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Bakaiti review: A patchy family drama that struggles to rise above the noise |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bakaiti-review-a-patchy-family-drama-that-struggles-to-rise-above-the-noise-10163568/ |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] commented that "A cash-strapped family gets on each other’s nerves – and yours too at times."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2025-08-01 |title=“Bakaiti’ review: A cash-strapped family gets on each other’s nerves – and yours too at times |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1085014/bakaiti-review-a-cash-strapped-family-gets-on-each-others-nerves-and-yours-too-at-times |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of [[Firstpost]] rated the series 3/5, noting that "No out-of-the-box storyline, but it will touch your heart for its simplicity."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Bakaiti Review: Rajesh Tailang-Sheeba Chadha series shows the woes of a middle-class family in the most realistic way |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bakaiti-review-netflixs-delhi-crime-fame-rajesh-tailang-sheeba-chaddha-series-shows-the-woes-of-a-middle-class-family-in-the-most-realistic-way-13916540.html |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> Nirali Kanabar of [[Times Now]] rated 3/5 calling it "a relatable slice‑of‑life drama suited for those seeking a light‑hearted watch."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Bakaiti Review: Sheeba Chadha, Rajesh Tailang's Series Is A Slice-Of-Life, Relatable Family Drama |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/bakaiti-review-sheeba-chadha-rajesh-tailangs-series-is-a-slice-of-life-relatable-family-drama-review-152388591 |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

Anindita Mukherjee of [[Network18 Group|News18]] gave the show 3/5 and wrote "Bakaiti has its loopholes, though they’re easy to overlook. At times, certain segments feel stretched. Multiple episodes revolving around the same ‘to rent or not to rent’ storyline come across as repetitive."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakaiti Review: Sheeba Chadha, Rajesh Tailang's Show Makes You Miss Your Family - Just A Little More |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/reviews/bakaiti-review-sheeba-chadha-rajesh-tailangs-show-make-you-miss-your-family-just-a-little-more-ws-l-9477268.html |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Arpita Sarkar of [[HT Media|OTT Play]] rated it 3.5/5 describing it as "a warm, lively portrayal of everyday family chaos and relationships, capturing both affection and generational differences."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakaiti Review: A delightful tale of bonding through bickering and banter |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/bakaiti-review-a-delightful-tale-of-bonding-through-bickering-and-banter/9c013f3ce9952 |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Divya Raje Bhonsale of [[Mathrubhumi]] awarded it 3.5/5 praising the performances of [[Rajesh Tailang]] and [[Sheeba Chaddha]] as parents facing financial struggles while navigating their children’s aspirations."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Bakaiti review: A mirror to every middle-class home |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/review/zee5-bakaiti-review-starring-rajesh-tailang-sheeba-chaddha-vp1ooydq |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=37594662}}
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/bakaiti/0-6-4z5795747 Bakaiti]'' on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]

Mohammad Mankad

2025-12-31T07:59:33Z

Svetloxf: add layout additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian novelist (1928–2022)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Mohammad Mankad
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| caption =
| birth_name = Mohammad Valibhai Mankad
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1928|02|13}}
| birth_place = [[Paliyad]], [[Botad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2022|11|05|1928|02|13}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Novelist, story writer, columnist, translator and children's author
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| education = Bachelor of Arts
| alma_mater =
| period =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Kaleidoscope'' (column)
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = {{plainlist|
* ''[[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar]]'' (2018)
}}
| signature = Mohammad Mankad autograph.svg
| years_active =
}}

'''Mohammad Valibhai Mankad''' (13 February 1928 – 5 November 2022) was an Indian [[Gujarati language]] novelist, story writer, columnist, translator and children's author.

==Biography==
Mohammad Valibhai Mankad was born on 13 February 1928 at [[Paliyad]] village of [[Bhavnagar district]], [[Gujarat]], India. He studied for a B. A. and worked as a teacher in highschool at [[Botad]]. Later he settled at [[Surendranagar]] and took freelance writing. He served as the first chairman of [[Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]] from 1982 to 1984. He was a member of Gujarat Public Service Commission from 1984 to 1990. He was also a member of Senate of [[Gujarat University]].<ref name="Dutt1999">{{cite book|author=Kartik Chandra Dutt|title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&pg=PA721|date=1 January 1999|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0873-5|page=721}}</ref><ref name="GSP">{{cite web | title=મોહમ્મદ માંકડ, ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય પરિષદ | website=Mohammad Mankad, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad | url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/photo-gallery/sahitya-sarjako/Mohammad-Mankad.html | language=gu | access-date=2015-04-01}}</ref> He died at [[Gandhinagar]] on 5 November 2022, at the age of 94.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=gu:ગુજરાતના પ્રખ્યાત સાહિત્યકાર મોહંમદ માંકડનું નિધન|url=https://zeenews.india.com/gujarati/gujarat/gujarati-writer-and-sahityakar-mohammad-mankad-died-at-age-of-93-233878|access-date=2022-11-05|website=Zee News}}</ref>

==Works==
Mankad wrote column titled ''Kaleidoscope'' in ''[[Sandesh (Indian newspaper)|Sandesh]]'' for several years.

Mankad wrote twenty novels including ''Kayar'' (1956), ''Dhummas'' (1965), ''Ajanya Be Jan'' (1968), ''Grahanratri'', ''Morpichchhna Rang'', ''Vanchita'', ''Manorama'', ''Velana Vadhhu Tan'', ''Matini Chadar'', ''Heerni Ganth'', ''Ek Pag Umbar Bahar'', ''Raatvaaso'', ''Khel'', ''Dantkatha'', ''Mandarvriksh Niche'', two parts of ''Bandha Nagar'' (1986, 1987), ''Zankhana'' (1987), ''Anuttar'' (1988), ''Ashwa Dod'' (1993). His novel ''Velana Vadhhu Tan'' deals with the mental agony of a boy who incidentally finds letters written by his deceased mother to her lover, and who discovers that he is an illegitimate child. It focuses on unconscious and subconscious mind of protagonist. His novel ''Dhummas'' is based on [[existential philosophy]]. Influenced by [[psychoanalysis]] of [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]] and [[Carl Jung|Jung]], he has employed various techniques in his novels, normally found in [[Stream of consciousness (narrative mode)|stream of consciousness]] novels.<ref name="Dutt1999"/><ref name="Datta1989">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: K to Navalram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Ur27mKvc_kC|year=1989|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-260-1804-8|page=2547}}</ref>

His short stories collections are ''Matini Murtio'' (1952), ''Man na Marod'' (1961), ''Vat Vat Ma'' (1966), ''Tap'' (1974), ''Zankalna Moti'' and two parts of ''Mohammad Mankad ni Vartao'' (1988).<ref name="Dutt1999"/>

''Aajni Kshan'', four parts of ''Kaleidoscope'', ''Sukh Etle'' (1984), two parts of ''Aapne Manaso'' and ''Ujaas'' (1990) are his collections of essays.<ref name="Dutt1999"/>

''Champukathao'' is two part children's stories.

Mankad translated ''Mahanagar''. He also authored a book on theoretical understanding of time: The other time. The book provides an account of the time felt by the living beings. A theory presented by him, which gets recognition gradually through the years.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

==Awards==
Mankad was awarded [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] for 2007.<ref name="GSP"/> He received [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] award in 1967 and 1992. He also received Gujarat Government Award in 1969, 1971 and 1973.<ref name="Dutt1999"/> In 2019, [[Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]] awarded him the [[Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar]] for the year 2018.<ref name="Ahmedabad Mirror 2019">{{cite web | title=Mohammad Mankad conferred with award | website=Ahmedabad Mirror | date=29 November 2019 | url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hip-n-hap/mohammad-mankad-conferred-with-award/articleshow/72299579.cms | access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mankad, Mohammad}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Novelists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Bhavnagar district]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Gujarati writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Maharashtra State Financial Corporation

2025-12-16T18:44:07Z

Svetloxf: improved lead also and updated info

{{Short description|State agency in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''Maharashtra State Financial Corporation''' (MSFC) is the term lending development financial institution in [[Maharashtra]] state in [[India]]. It provides finance to small and medium scale enterprises. It was set up by [[Government of Maharashtra]] in 1962.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msfcfinance.in/aboutus.htm |title=Maharashtra State Financial Corporation |accessdate=2013-03-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106141940/http://www.msfcfinance.com/aboutus.htm |archivedate=2013-01-06 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government-owned companies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Economy of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:State financial corporations of India]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1962]]

{{India-company-stub}}

1967 Indian vice presidential election

2025-11-11T08:20:49Z

Svetloxf:

{{Short description|Vice-presidential election in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1967 Indian vice presidential election
| country = India
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1962 Indian vice-presidential election
| previous_year = 1962
| next_election = 1969 Indian vice presidential election
| next_year = 1969
| election_date = 6 May 1967
| image1 = V.V.Giri.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]'''
| party1 = Independent politician
| home_state1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| electoral_vote1 = '''483'''
| percentage1 = '''71.45%'''
| image2 =
| nominee2 = [[Mohammad Habib]]
| party2 = Independent politician
| home_state2 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| electoral_vote2 = 193
| percentage2 = 28.55%
| color1 = C64FE6
| color2 = 7737CD
| title = [[Vice President of India|Vice President]]
| before_election = [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]
| before_party = Independent politician
| after_election = [[V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]
| after_party = Independent politician
}}
The '''1967 Indian vice presidential election''' was held on 6 May 1967 to elect [[vice president of India]]. [[V. V. Giri]] was elected for the post.<ref name=eci>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/Vice%20Presidentail%20Election%20Background.pdf BACKGROUND MATERIAL REGARDING FOURTEENTH ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT, 2012, ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA]</ref>

==Results==
{{election table|title=Result of the Indian vice-presidential election, 1967<ref name= eci />|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Candidate 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Electoral Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
|-
|align="left"|[[V. V. Giri]]||483||71.45
|-
|align="left"|[[Mohammad Habib]]||193||28.55
|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
! style="text-align:left;"| Total
! style="text-align:right;"|676
! style="text-align:right;"|100.00
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Valid Votes||676||99.56
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Invalid Votes||3||0.44
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Turnout||679||90.65
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Abstentions||70||9.35
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Electors||749|| style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[1967 Indian presidential election]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Indian vice presidential elections}}

[[Category:Vice-presidential elections in India]]
[[Category:1967 elections in India|Vice president]]

Advani

2025-11-10T07:07:14Z

Svetloxf: Updated article with clearer structure

'''Advani''' is an [[Indian surname]] found among [[Sindhi Hindu]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Shibani Roy |author2=S. H. M. Rizvi |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian surnames |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LgAdAAAAYAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=B.R. |isbn=978-81-7646-247-1 |page=5}}</ref><ref name="Hanks 2003">{{cite book |last=Hanks |first=P. |title=Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |issue=v. 3 |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-508137-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&pg=PA11 |access-date=8 September 2018 |page=11}}</ref>

People with this surname include:
* [[Bherumal Meharchand Advani]], Indian writer
* [[Bhudo Advani]], Indian film actor
* [[Hotchand Gopaldas Advani]], Indian lawyer, educationalist and businessman
* [[Kalyan Bulchand Advani]], Indian scholar
* [[Kiara Advani]], Indian actress
* [[L. K. Advani]], former Deputy Prime Minister of India
* [[Nikkhil Advani]], Indian film director
* [[Pankaj Advani (disambiguation)]]
* [[Pratibha Advani]], Indian talk show host and daughter of Lal Krishna Advani
* [[Suresh H. Advani]], Indian oncologist
* [[Poornima Advani]] Indian lawyer, author and social worker

== See also ==
* [[Sindhi names]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname|Advani}}
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Sindhi-language surnames]]
[[Category:Sindhi tribes in India]]

Muhammed Nemil

2025-10-24T07:17:48Z

Svetloxf:

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Muhammed Nemil
| fullname = Muhammed Nemil Valiyattil
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|3|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], India
| height = 1.68 m
| position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| clubnumber = 44
| youthyears1 = 2015–2020
| youthclubs1 = [[Reliance Foundation Youth Sports#Reliance Foundation Young Champs|RFYC]]
| years1 = 2020–
| clubs1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| caps1 = 29
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2020–2021
| clubs2 = → [[FE Grama|Grama]] (loan)
| caps2 = 1
| goals2 = 0
| club-update = 18:16, 15 September 2024 (UTC)
}}

'''Muhammed Nemil Valiyattil''' (born 18 March 2002) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as an [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|attacking midfielder]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[FC Goa|Goa]].

== Club career ==
=== Youth and early career with RFYC ===
Born in [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], Nemil started playing football through V. P. Sathyan Soccer Academy at the age of ten. In 2015, he was scouted by [[Reliance Foundation Youth Sports#Reliance Foundation Young Champs|Reliance Foundation Young Champs (RFYC)]] academy as a part of a nationwide young talent hunt.<ref>{{cite news|last=Riyas |first=Ali |date= 16 July 2015|title=Football Prodigy Impresses with Dribbling Skills, Ball Control|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2015/Jul/16/football-prodigy-impresses-with-dribbling-skills-ball-control-784578.html |url-status=live |work=The New Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914151813/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2015/jul/16/Football-Prodigy-Impresses-with-Dribbling-Skills-Ball-Control-784578.amp |archive-date=14 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> His dribbling skill, passing accuracy and two-footed shooting ability earned him praises at the RFYC in [[Navi Mumbai]].<ref name="isl">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/muhammed-nemil-out-to-conquer-after-an-extraordinary-footballing-odyssey|title=Muhammed Nemil out to conquer after an extraordinary footballing odyssey |date=23 March 2021 |publisher= Indian Super League |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915141310/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/muhammed-nemil-out-to-conquer-after-an-extraordinary-footballing-odyssey |archive-date=15 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> In his first three years at RFYC, Nemil registered 45 goals and 31 assists across various youth level competitions. His strong performances earned him trips to England in 2016 and Japan in 2018, where the RFYC took on the local teams.<ref name="isl" />

Nemil won the Best Player Award at the 2018 U-17 [[Subroto Cup]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/bangladesh-team-lifts-subroto-cup/story-dGOB6xXyhYBZRokkXpMcwN_amp.html|title=Bangladesh team lifts Subroto Cup |date=20 November 2018|publisher=Hindustan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918061221/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/bangladesh-team-lifts-subroto-cup/story-dGOB6xXyhYBZRokkXpMcwN_amp.html|archive-date=18 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> and was also named the [[Mumbai District Football Association]] [[MDFA Super Division|Super Division]]'s best midfielder in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shetty|first=Chittu|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2019/mdfa-awards-night-nominations-for-the-best-of-mumbai-football-are-out/|title=MDFA Awards Night Nominations for the best of Mumbai Football are out|date=2 May 2019|publisher=Football Counter|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915142100/https://www.footballcounter.com/2019/mdfa-awards-night-nominations-for-the-best-of-mumbai-football-are-out/ |archive-date=15 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> He won the 2019 Vedanta Youth Cup with RFYC team as he scored the winner in the final against [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC]] and was awarded another Player of the Tournament title.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/reliance-foundation-young-champs-win-inaugural-vedanta-youth-cup-2328813.html |title=Reliance Foundation Young Champs Win Inaugural Vedanta Youth Cup |date=30 September 2019|publisher=News18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301031023/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/football/reliance-foundation-young-champs-win-inaugural-vedanta-youth-cup-2328813.html |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date= 18 September 2021}}</ref> In March 2019, RFYC sent Nemil to Marcet High-performance academy in Spain, on his consistent display of quality with the academy. During his time in Spain, Nemil had a successful trail at [[Barcelona]]-based club [[FE Grama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-fc-goa-muhammed-nemil-exclusive-interview|title=Muhammed Nemil reveals how his time in Spain is helping him at FC Goa|date=4 September 2021|publisher=Khel Now|access-date=18 September 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918034757/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-fc-goa-muhammed-nemil-exclusive-interview|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== FC Goa ===
On 20 October 2020, [[FC Goa]] announced that the club had reached an agreement with RFYC for the transfer of Nemil. He joined the Indian Super League club on a four-year deal.<ref name="g1">{{cite web|url=https://fcgoa.in/media/news/muhammed-nemil-joins-fc-goa|title=Muhammed Nemil joins FC Goa|date=20 October 2020|publisher=FC Goa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024235726/https://fcgoa.in/media/news/muhammed-nemil-joins-fc-goa|archive-date=24 October 2020 |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref>

==== Loan to FE Grama ====
After joining Goa, Nemail was sent back to Spain for joining FE Grama on a season-long loan.<ref name="g1" /> He played 11 games for FE Grama U19s in the Liga Nacional Juvenil and scored 7 goals, including 2 [[hat-trick]]s. Promoted to the senior team, Nemil made his debut against [[CP San Cristóbal]] in the [[2020–21 Tercera División|Tercera División]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sundar|first=Shyam|url=https://iftwc.com/muhammed-nemil-creating-ripples-on-his-spanish-sojourn/|title=Muhammed Nemil creating ripples on his Spanish sojourn|date=25 July 2021|publisher=IFTWC|access-date=18 September 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042056/https://iftwc.com/muhammed-nemil-creating-ripples-on-his-spanish-sojourn/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="grama">{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/05/02/spain/tercera-division/grama/spain-cp-san-cristobal/3491286/|title=Tercera División RFEF - GRAMA VS. SAN CRISTÓBAL 1 - 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204195502/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2021/05/02/spain/tercera-division/grama/spain-cp-san-cristobal/3491286/|archive-date=4 December 2021|url-status=live| website=soccerway|date=2 May 2021|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>

==== Return to Goa ====
After his successful loan spell with FE Grama, Nemil returned to Goa ahead of the [[2021–22 Indian Super League]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Kumar|last=Rekan|url=https://footballexpress.in/muhammed-nemil-returns-to-india-and-set-to-join-fc-goa/|title=Muhammed Nemil returns to India and set to join FC Goa|date=8 August 2021|website=footballexpress.in|access-date=18 September 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042056/https://footballexpress.in/muhammed-nemil-returns-to-india-and-set-to-join-fc-goa/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 September 2021, he made his debut as a substitute in a 2–0 group-stage win over [[Army Green (football team)|Army Green]] in the [[2021 Durand Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-live-score-2021-fc-goa-vs-army-green-football-match-updates/article36333813.ece/|title=Durand Cup 2021 FC Goa 2-0 Army Green Highlights: Ferrando's boys start with a win|date=7 September 2021|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|access-date=30 December 2021|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230065010/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-live-score-2021-fc-goa-vs-army-green-football-match-updates/article36333813.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 September, he scored his first goal for the club against [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Y.B. Sarangi|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-goa-beats-sudeva-third-team-to-reach-quarters-nemil-mendoza-indian-football-news/article36435875.ece/|title=Durand Cup 2021: FC Goa defeats Sudeva to book place in quarters|date=13 September 2021|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|access-date=18 September 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042055/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-goa-beats-sudeva-third-team-to-reach-quarters-nemil-mendoza-indian-football-news/article36435875.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Goa defeated [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] 1–0 in the [[2021 Durand Cup final]] to win the competition for the first time in club history,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/fc-goa/story/4490517/fc-goa-clinch-maiden-durand-cup-trophy-after-beating-mohammedan-sporting-1-0-in-final|title=FC Goa clinch maiden Durand Cup trophy after beating Mohammedan Sporting 1-0 in final|website=espn.in|access-date=4 October 2021|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004020737/https://www.espn.in/football/fc-goa/story/4490517/fc-goa-clinch-maiden-durand-cup-trophy-after-beating-mohammedan-sporting-1-0-in-final|url-status=live}}</ref> with Nemil registering four goals and two assists from six appearances.<ref name="duarand1">{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/durand-cup-2021-team-of-the-tournament|title=Durand Cup 2021 TOT: Muhammed Nemil, Marcus Joseph lead the way|publisher=Khel Now|date=4 October 2021|access-date=5 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205074722/https://khelnow.com/football/durand-cup-2021-team-of-the-tournament|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 December, he made his ISL debut as a substitute for [[Princeton Rebello]] against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/isl-2021-2022-news/isl-live-neufc-vs-fcg-northeast-united-vs-fc-goa-live-score/article37838496.ece/|title=ISL 2021-22, NorthEast United FC vs FC Goa Highlights: NEUFC defeats FCG 2-1 to win first match of the season|date=4 December 2021|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|access-date=30 December 2021|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230065008/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/2021-2022/news/isl-live-neufc-vs-fcg-northeast-united-vs-fc-goa-live-score/article37838496.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|24 October 2025}}<ref>{{WorldFootball.net|muhammed-vailiyattil|Muhammed Vailiyattil}}</ref><ref>{{soccerway|muhammed-nemil-valiyattil/700900}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|[[2020–21 FC Goa season|2020–21]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Indian Super League]]
|0||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||0||0
|-
|[[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]]
|14||0||6{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||4|| colspan="2" |—||20||4
|-
|[[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23]]
|0||0||3{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||2|| colspan="2" |—||3||2
|-
|[[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]]
|6||0||4{{efn|name=DurandCup}}{{efn|name=Super Cup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||1|| colspan="2" |—||10||1
|-
|[[2024–25 Indian Super League|2024–25]]
|9||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||9||0
|-
|[[2025–26 Indian Super League|2025–26]]
|0||0||0||0|| 2{{efn|name=statsAFCC|Appearance(s) in [[AFC Cup]]}}||0||2||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Goa total
!29!!0!!13!!7!!2!!0!!44!!7
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[FE Grama|Grama]] (loan)
|[[2020–21 Tercera División|2020–21]]
| rowspan="1" |[[Tercera División]]
|1||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!30!!0!!13!!7!!2!!0!!45!!7
|}
{{notelist}}

== Honours ==
'''Goa'''
*[[Durand Cup]]: [[2021 Durand Cup|2021]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Amitabha Das Sharma|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-2021-final-live-fc-goa-win-vs-mohammedan-sporting-edu-bedia-goal-indian-football-news/article36805056.ece/|title=Bedia's spectacular finish helps FC Goa win its maiden Durand Cup|date=3 October 2021|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|access-date=5 October 2021|archive-date= 3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003200954/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-2021-final-live-fc-goa-win-vs-mohammedan-sporting-edu-bedia-goal-indian-football-news/article36805056.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of Indian football players in foreign leagues]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/56733?type=club Muhammed Nemil Valiyattil] at ''the-aiff.com''
*{{WorldFootball.net|muhammed-vailiyattil|Muhammed Vailiyattil}}

{{FC Goa squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nemil, Muhammed}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:FC Goa players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Spain]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Spain]]

National Highway 211 (India, old numbering)

2025-10-20T13:17:23Z

Svetloxf: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 52 (India)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R with history}}
}}

COVID-19 pandemic in Assam

2025-10-18T03:53:59Z

Svetloxf: new...

{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Assam, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Update|date=September 2024 |inaccurate=y}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Assam


| map3 = File:IN-AS.svg
| legend3 = {{center|{{legend|#d40000ff|Location of Assam in [[India]]}}}}
| map4 = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2|total_width=250
| image1 = A hospital ward in Assam in response to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.jpg
| image2 = Covid-19 pandemic emergency response meeting in Assam.jpg
| image3 = Covid-19 Hospital Golaghat.png
| image4 = Sanitization of an apartment complex in Golaghat.png
| footer_align = center
| footer = '''Clockwise from top''':
{{flatlist|
* A hospital ward in [[Guwahati]] in response to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
* COVID-19 pandemic emergency response meeting in Assam
* Sanitization of an apartment complex in Golaghat in response to COVID-19
* COVID-19 Emergency and especial care hospital in [[Golaghat]]}}}}
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Assam]], India
| first_case = Srigouri, [[Badarpur, Assam|Badarpur]], Dist. Karimganj<ref>{{cite news |title=1st coronavirus case in Assam |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/1st-coronavirus-case-in-assam/cid/1760917 |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=1 April 2020 |author=Satananda Bhattacharjee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403040243/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/1st-coronavirus-case-in-assam/cid/1760917 |archive-date=3 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{coord|24.859818|92.530882|format=dms|type:village_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| date = 31 March 2020{{snd}}ongoing ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=03|day1=31|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}})<ref name=":2">{{cite news |title=First Corona Case in Assam: 52 year tested positive in Silchar Medical College |url=https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/first-corona-case-in-assam-52-year-old-tested-positive-in-silchar-medical-college/ |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=Barak Bulletin |date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116093623/https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/first-corona-case-in-assam-52-year-old-tested-positive-in-silchar-medical-college/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| origin = [[Wuhan]], Hubei, China<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheikh |first1=Knvul |last2=Rabin |first2=Roni Caryn |title=The Coronavirus: What Scientists Have Learned So Far |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-coronavirus.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 March 2020 |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623171613/https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-coronavirus.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| confirmed_cases = {{IncreaseNegative}} {{wdib|ps=1|P1603|list=p-1}}<ref name=":7">{{cite news |title=Covid-19 Dashboard Assam |url=https://covid19.assam.gov.in/ |access-date={{TODAY}} |work=The [[Government of Assam]] |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526081038/https://covid19.assam.gov.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|4 confirmed cases of [[Uttar Pradesh]] native, 2 confirmed cases of [[Tripura]] native, 1 confirmed case of [[Karnataka]] native and 1 confirmed case of [[Maharashtra]] native who have been tested positive for coronavirus in Assam are also included here<ref>{{cite news |title=GMCH's 5 No PG Hostel Declared As Containment Zone |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/gmchs-5-no-pg-hostel-declared-as-containment-zone/ |access-date=9 May 2020 |work=Pratidin Time |date=8 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513034317/https://www.pratidintime.com/gmchs-5-no-pg-hostel-declared-as-containment-zone/ |archive-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AMBULANCE ENTERED ASSAM FROM MUMBAI WITH PROPER PERMISSION |url=https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-ambulance-entered-assam-from-mumbai-with-proper-permission/ |work=News Live |date=10 May 2020 |access-date=10 May 2020 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606183246/https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-ambulance-entered-assam-from-mumbai-with-proper-permission/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=17 MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES IN ASSAM |url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-17-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |work=News Live |date=23 May 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225649/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-17-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| territories = All 33 districts<ref name=":10" />
| website = [https://covid19.assam.gov.in Assam COVID-19 Dashboard]
}}

The first case of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]] was reported on 31 March 2020.<ref name=":2" /> As of {{TODAY}}, the [[Government of Assam]] has confirmed a total of {{wdib|ps=1|P1603|list=p-1}}{{refn|group=note|1 confirmed case of [[Nagaland]] native who was shifted from his native state to Assam for treatment in [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|GMCH]] is not included here<ref>{{cite news |title=NAGALAND'S COVID-19 PATIENT DISCHARGED FROM GMCH |url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/guwahati-nagalands-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-gmch/ |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=News Live |date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502024127/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/guwahati-nagalands-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-gmch/ |archive-date=2 May 2020}}</ref>}} positive cases of [[COVID-19]] including {{wdib|ps=1|P8010|list=p-1}} recoveries, three migrations and {{wdib|ps=1|P1120|list=p-1}} deaths in the state.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The state's as well as northeast's largest city, [[Guwahati]], has been worst affected by coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 pandemic has worsened in Guwahati in last 10 days: Himanta Biswa Sarma |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/covid-19-pandemic-has-worsened-in-guwahati-in-last-10-days-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/76810982.cms |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 July 2020 |author=Kangkan Kalita |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706195104/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/covid-19-pandemic-has-worsened-in-guwahati-in-last-10-days-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/76810982.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The COVID-19 outbreak in Assam has been traced to persons who attended the [[2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus hotspot in Delhi|conference of the Tablighi Jamaat religious organisation]] at [[Nizamuddin Dargah|Nizamuddin Markaz (Delhi)]] and did not report to the authorities after their return to Assam.<ref name=":60">{{cite news |title=LIST OF 16 NIZAMUDDIN ATTENDEES WHO TEST CORONAVIRUS POSITIVE IN ASSAM |url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/list-of-16-nizamuddin-attendants-who-test-coronavirus-positive-in-assam/ |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=News Live |date=2 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=":2002">{{cite news|date=3 April 2020|title=4 MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES IN ASSAM, TOTAL CASES RISE TO 20|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-4-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-total-cases-rise-to-20/|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726195238/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-4-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-total-cases-rise-to-20/|url-status=live}}</ref> Out of the total patients of COVID-19 in Assam – 37 are either attendees or contacts of [[Tablighi Jamaat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Covid count rises to 42 with five new cases today |url=http://www.uniindia.com/assam-covid-count-rises-to-42-with-five-new-cases-today/east/news/1976626.html |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=UNI |date=30 April 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232828/http://www.uniindia.com/assam-covid-count-rises-to-42-with-five-new-cases-today/east/news/1976626.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The COVID-19 tally in Assam also shoots up due to some pilgrims of [[Ajmer Sharif Dargah]] ([[Rajasthan]]), who arrived in the [[Silchar]] city of [[Cachar district]] by bus on 6 May. Later on, 10 pilgrims tested positive for coronavirus and the others were sent to quarantine as per guidelines.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bus from Ajmer Sharif shoots up Assam Covid-19 tally |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/bus-from-ajmer-sharif-shoots-up-assam-covid-19-positive-case-tally/articleshow/75638355.cms |work=The Times of India |date=9 May 2020 |author=Prabin Kalita |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509220435/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/bus-from-ajmer-sharif-shoots-up-assam-covid-19-positive-case-tally/articleshow/75638355.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam reports two fresh coronavirus cases today |url=https://www.m.indiablooms.com/news-details/N/61493/assam-reports-two-fresh-coronavirus-cases-today.html |access-date=9 May 2020 |work=India Blooms |date=8 May 2020 |author=Hemanta Kumar Nath |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726195908/https://www.m.indiablooms.com/news-details/N/61493/assam-reports-two-fresh-coronavirus-cases-today.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The state witness spike in number of COVID-19 cases as migrant workers and many people of Assam stranded in other parts of the country returned to Assam. Many of them tested positive for coronavirus when they were in quarantine in the respective quarantine centres of the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 quarantine centres emerge as a new challenge for Assam as state records highest single-day spike |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/coronavirus-quarantine-centres-emerge-as-a-new-challenge-for-assam-as-the-state-records-its-highest-single-day-spike-covid19-news/594813 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Times Now |date=20 May 2020 |author=Parvina Purkayastha |archive-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527181430/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/coronavirus-quarantine-centres-emerge-as-a-new-challenge-for-assam-as-the-state-records-its-highest-single-day-spike-covid19-news/594813 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Migrant workers a worry for Assam too |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/coronavirus-numbers-explained-assam-northeast-6427688/ |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=26 May 2020 |author=Amitabh Sinha |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603170432/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/coronavirus-numbers-explained-assam-northeast-6427688/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the fight against coronavirus, many frontline warriors of COVID-19 have also tested positive in Assam. Though many of them have later recovered, a very few have died.<ref>{{cite news |title=On-duty nurse tests positive for Covid-19 in Dhemaji |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/on-duty-nurse-tests-positive-for-covid-19-at-dhemaji-484886 |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728091132/https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/on-duty-nurse-tests-positive-for-covid-19-at-dhemaji-484886 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First covid-19 death from medical fraternity in Assam, 1,001 new cases reported |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/first-covid-19-death-from-medical-fraternity-in-assam-1-001-new-cases-reported-11594697479451.html |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=live mint |date=14 July 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728123715/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/first-covid-19-death-from-medical-fraternity-in-assam-1-001-new-cases-reported-11594697479451.html |url-status=live }}</ref> So far, the [[Assam Police]] has registered 3,005 COVID-19 cases among its personnel. Of them, 2,274 have recovered, 723 are undergoing treatment, while eight have died to the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam: Over 3,000 police personnel test coronavirus positive, state tally surges to 82,201 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-coronavirus-police-confirmed-cases-1712792-2020-08-19 |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=India Today |author=Hemanta Kumar Nath}}</ref>

== Government Response ==

{{Quote box
| quote = Though several people in the state have been found COVID-19 positive, there is no need to panic as the health department is prepared to deal with the situation and all patients are being provided with the best medical treatment.
| source = – Assam Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal during interaction with the media, 7 April 2020.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
| align = right
| width = 24%
}}Assam's fight against the novel coronavirus has been largely spearheaded by the state's Health Minister [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Simantik Dowerah|date=5 April 2020|title=Led by Himanta Biswa Sarma, Assam medical fraternity takes a leap of faith in fight against COVID-19|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-led-by-himanta-biswa-sarma-assam-medical-fraternity-takes-a-leap-of-faith-in-fight-against-covid-19-8224021.html|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726205409/https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-led-by-himanta-biswa-sarma-assam-medical-fraternity-takes-a-leap-of-faith-in-fight-against-covid-19-8224021.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Himanta Biswa Sharma made enemies during CAA protests, but now he is Assam's Covid crisis hero |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/himanta-biswa-sharma-made-enemies-during-caa-protests-but-now-he-is-assams-covid-crisis-hero/442006/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |work=The Print |date=15 June 2020 |author=Tina Das |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625111709/https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/himanta-biswa-sharma-made-enemies-during-caa-protests-but-now-he-is-assams-covid-crisis-hero/442006/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Health services and Quarantine strategy ===
The Government of Assam makes compulsory quarantine of 14 days for people coming from outside the state or country.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 April 2020|title=14-DAY MANDATORY QUARANTINE FOR ANYONE COMING FROM OUTSIDE|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-14-day-mandatory-quarantine-for-anyone-coming-from-outside/|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726195241/https://newslivetv.com/assam-14-day-mandatory-quarantine-for-anyone-coming-from-outside/|url-status=live}}</ref> Quarantine centre with 700 beds were set up at the [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium|Sarusojai Sports Complex]] and an apartment had been rented nearby by the government where at least 200 doctors can stay. Isolation wards of 200 beds in Sonapur Hospital, ICU ward of 30 beds in [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|GMCH]], 150 beds at MMCH and 50 beds in [[Jorhat Medical College and Hospital|JMCH]]<ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2020|title=HIMANTA BISWA SARMA INAUGURATES 50-BEDDED ICU AT JMCH|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/himanta-biswa-sarma-inaugurates-50-bed-icu-at-jmch/|access-date=29 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610075212/https://newslivetv.com/himanta-biswa-sarma-inaugurates-50-bed-icu-at-jmch/|url-status=live}}</ref> were set up by the government of Assam.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ratnadip Choudhury|date=26 March 2020|title=700-Bed Quarantine Center In Assam In A Week|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pics-huge-plane-hangar-like-coronavirus-quarantine-facility-in-assam-within-a-week-2200961|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413064048/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pics-huge-plane-hangar-like-coronavirus-quarantine-facility-in-assam-within-a-week-2200961|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Prabin Kalita|date=4 April 2020|title=Sarusajai gets first batch of coronavirus suspects|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-sarusajai-gets-first-batch-of-coronavirus-suspects/articleshow/74979275.cms|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422145335/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-sarusajai-gets-first-batch-of-coronavirus-suspects/articleshow/74979275.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Pratyush Deep Kotoky|date=28 March 2020|title=Assam building 700-bed quarantine facility at Guwahati|work=Sunday Guardian Live|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/assam-building-700-bed-quarantine-facility-guwahati|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610075215/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/assam-building-700-bed-quarantine-facility-guwahati|archive-date=10 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> A fully-functional, air-conditioned 236-bedded COVID-19 unit at GMCH, including 50 ICUs and 186 wards was also set up by the government.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The government also upgraded [[Government Ayurvedic College, Guwahati|Jalukbari Ayurvedic College]] (Guwahati) into a full-fledged COVID-19 hospital of 110-bed, Patanjali Yogpeeth (Mirza) into a full-fledged COVID-19 hospital of 250-bed and many more like those.<ref>{{cite news |title=QUARANTINE CENTRE BEING CONVERTED INTO COVID HOSPITAL AT PATANJALI YOGPEETH, MIRZA |url=https://newslivetv.com/quarantine-centre-being-converted-into-covid-hospital-at-patanjali-yogpeeth-mirza/ |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=News Live |date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627222755/https://newslivetv.com/quarantine-centre-being-converted-into-covid-hospital-at-patanjali-yogpeeth-mirza/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 cases in Assam cross 5,000-mark; 102 new patients found |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-in-assam-cross-5000mark-102-new-patients-found/1871760 |access-date=20 June 2020 |work=Outlook |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622054243/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-in-assam-cross-5000mark-102-new-patients-found/1871760 |url-status=live }}</ref> Quarantine wards of 1500 beds were also set up for Assam Police Personnel. 30 doctors and around 200 nurses have also been kept exclusively for the police personnel.<ref>{{cite news|date=10 April 2020|title=1500 Separate Quarantine Beds Arranged for Assam Police Personnel Working Against COVID-19|work=G plus|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/1500-separate-quarantine-beds-arranged-for-assam-police-personnel-working-against-covid-19|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410171100/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/1500-separate-quarantine-beds-arranged-for-assam-police-personnel-working-against-covid-19|archive-date=10 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nearly 10 lakh people have been screened across Assam, of which 72,957 passengers have been screened at six airports in the state.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

On 15 April, the government imported 50,000 PPE kits from China and became the first and only state who has independently imported the kits from China.<ref name=":k">{{cite news|author=Prabin Kalita|date=15 April 2020|title=Assam gets 50,000 kits, imported independently from Guangzhou|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/assam-gets-50000-kits-imported-independently-from-guangzhou/articleshow/75165122.cms|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=20 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620175245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/assam-gets-50000-kits-imported-independently-from-guangzhou/articleshow/75165122.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In order to show gratitude towards the frontline warriors of COVID-19, the state government provided 14-days quarantine to all the doctors and nurses working round the clock attending COVID-19 positive patients at Taj Vivanta 5-star hotel.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 April 2020|title=DOCTOR, NURSES TO SPEND QUARANTINE AT TAJ VIVANTA|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-covid19-doctor-nurses-to-spend-quarantine-at-taj-vivanta/|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610080758/https://newslivetv.com/assam-covid19-doctor-nurses-to-spend-quarantine-at-taj-vivanta/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 June, the government also recruited 3000 nurses in GMCH on regular basis in order to strengthen the nursing workforce in the fight against the rising no. of COVID-19 cases in Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news |title=300 Nurses Recruited In GMCH, Part Of Efforts To Tackle COVID-19 |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/300-nurses-recruited-in-gmch-part-of-efforts-to-tackle-covid-19/ |access-date=30 June 2020 |work=Pratidin Time |date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225446/https://www.pratidintime.com/300-nurses-recruited-in-gmch-part-of-efforts-to-tackle-covid-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Containment strategy ===
On 15 March, the government of Assam shut down all educational institutions, cinema halls, multiplexes, gyms and swimming pools.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 March 2020|title=Assam shuts down schools, malls, gyms till March 29; no confirmed cases, says official|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-assam-shuts-schools-cancels-exams-till-march-29/article31074035.ece|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515134947/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-assam-shuts-schools-cancels-exams-till-march-29/article31074035.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Quarantine ====
The following table shows the no. of persons who had completed their respective quarantine periods<ref name=":4">{{cite news |title=Media Bulletin on COVID-19 Assam |url=https://www.facebook.com/124148804293138/posts/3889123304462317/?app=fbl |work=NHM Assam (Facebook) |date=12 June 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width: 60%; font-size:85%"
! scope="col" width="10%" | Quarantine period
! scope="col" width="10%" | No. of peoples
|-
! 28 days
| 143,705
|-
! 14 days
| 151,398
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="1" | Total
! scope="col" | 295,103
|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="7" |As of 12 June 2020
|}

After the second wave of cases started with the entry of large no. of peoples in Assam from different parts of the country and abroad, home and institutional quarantine system started in the state. The given chart shows the status of quarantine persons<ref name=":11">{{cite news |title=Media Bulletin on COVID-19 Assam |url=https://www.facebook.com/124148804293138/posts/4196167173757927/?app=fbl |work=NHM Assam (Facebook) |date=19 August 2020}}</ref>

{{legend inline|#BFAFB2|Home quarantine}} 
{{legend inline|#adffe6|Institutional quarantine}}
{{Graph:Chart
|type = area
|xType = date
|colors=#BFAFB2, #adffe6
|height=300
|width=700
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-90
|x= 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19, 2020-10-11
|yAxisTitle= No. of people under quarantine
|y1=104621, 104621, 127216, 106711, 108981, 88904, 119405, 119644, 106652, 123940, 123940, 126960, 126861, 129455, 133795, 136837, 124947, 126388, 128506, 128247, 128247, 128247, 122129, 122129, 127635, 120354, 139510, 130768, 140168, 140650, 141850, 141850, 143475, 144856, 137318, 148155, 148768, 153227, 154002, 139074, 156549, 158088, 158088, 169064, 169976, 150591, 174225, 174225, 175862, 176766, 177978, 179594, 181747, 183553, 184785, 187680, 188879, 162384, 193853, 196052, 198278, 200151, 199572, 200944, 202619, 204586, 278731
|y2=29549, 30874, 31899, 35187, 34736, 35611, 38568, 39600, 36054, 38936, 38936, 30750, 28574, 26534, 24784, 20780, 17652, 16293, 15034, 13040, 13040, 13040, 12754, 12754, 13077, 13336, 13224, 14506, 13659, 13167, 12714, 12478, 11528, 12086, 11779, 11233, 10368, 9552, 9084, 8651, 8305, 7291, 7291, 6312, 5319, 4758, 4174, 4174, 3745, 3655, 3370, 3379, 3292, 3292, 3408, 3595, 3898, 3848, 4021, 4238, 3988, 3465, 3547, 3464, 3275, 3291, 499
|yGrid=
}}

==== Screening ====
The following table shows the no. of persons screened at different places in Assam<ref name=":4" />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width:600px; clear:right; margin:0px 0px 0.5em 1em"
|-
! scope="col" |Places
! scope="col" |No. of peoples
|-
!scope="row" |Airport (6)
|72,957
|-
!scope="row" |Land Port (3)
|61,673
|-
!scope="row" |Railway Station
|207,156
|-
!scope="row" |Zonal Screening Point(5)
|93,065
|-
!scope="row" |''random''
|608,480
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="1" |Total
! scope="col" |10,43,331
|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="7" |As of 12 June 2020
|}

==== Public awareness ====
The Government of Assam has started a YouTube channel for spreading awareness among public regarding the precautions to be taken against COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|title=Covid-19 Assam|work=[[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTmxCGp4DsukHTWxazK7-hA|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407130606/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTmxCGp4DsukHTWxazK7-hA|url-status=live}}</ref> Also, the government has launched a mobile application called '''COVAAS''' for users to get information and updates regarding the COVID-19 in Assam. The app also incorporates application of lockdown epass, live help desk and many more.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 April 2020|title=ASSAM CM LAUNCHES COVAAS MOBILE APP|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/covid19-assam-cm-launches-covaas-mobile-app/|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610075214/https://newslivetv.com/covid19-assam-cm-launches-covaas-mobile-app/|url-status=live}}</ref> The government with the help of National Informatics Centre (NIC) of Assam, has launched an app called '''COVID Suraksha''' to monitor the status of each home quarantined persons.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 April 2020|title=App to check on home-quarantined, teams|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-covid-suraksha-app-to-check-on-home-quarantined-teams-in-guwahati/cid/1768821|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801070123/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-covid-suraksha-app-to-check-on-home-quarantined-teams-in-guwahati/cid/1768821|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Prabin Kalita|date=6 June 2020|title=Assam to geofence people to enforce strict home quarantine|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/covid-19-assam-to-geofence-people-to-enforce-strict-home-quarantine/articleshow/76235366.cms|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607110915/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/covid-19-assam-to-geofence-people-to-enforce-strict-home-quarantine/articleshow/76235366.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Educational measures ===
The Assam government has directed the schools to provide students with course materials and short video lectures on topics in the syllabi through WhatsApp to prevent learning gaps during the closure of educational institutes.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} Even all the students of Higher Secondary first year of 2019–20 academic year have been promoted to second year without conducting any examination.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kangkan Kalita|date=9 April 2020|title=Assam board to promote class 11 students without exam due to covid-19 pandemic|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/assam-board-to-promote-class-11-students-without-exam-due-to-covid-19-pandemic/articleshow/75059189.cms|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413053128/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/assam-board-to-promote-class-11-students-without-exam-due-to-covid-19-pandemic/articleshow/75059189.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Assam government also directed private schools to waive 50 per cent of fees for the month of April. The schools have also been directed not to increase fees during lockdown and to pay teaching and non-teaching staff without a pay cut.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 April 2020|title=Assam govt directs private schools to waive 50% fees|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/covid-19-assam-govt-directs-private-schools-to-waive-50-fees-ahsec-nic-in-6374237/|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501160401/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/covid-19-assam-govt-directs-private-schools-to-waive-50-fees-ahsec-nic-in-6374237/|url-status=live}}</ref> The government also launched a local educational television channel '''Gyan Brikshya''' for classes I to XII, to cover the learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 May 2020|title=Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma launches educational channel 'Gyan Brikshya'|work=The Sentinel|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/minister-himanta-biswa-sarma-launches-educational-channel-gyan-brikshya-478507|access-date=8 June 2020|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607235031/https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/minister-himanta-biswa-sarma-launches-educational-channel-gyan-brikshya-478507|url-status=live}}</ref> The government is also going to waive all fees relating to admission and other categories like examinations, sports, registration, laboratory etc. for all students in all educational institutions under the Assam education board.<ref>{{cite news |title=FREE ADMISSION FOR STUDENTS: ASSAM GOVT ISSUES NOTIFICATION |url=https://newslivetv.com/free-admission-for-students-assam-govt-issues-notification/ |access-date=12 June 2020 |work=News Live |date=11 June 2020 |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612000013/https://newslivetv.com/free-admission-for-students-assam-govt-issues-notification/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 29 June, the government has decided to change the academic calendar for the schools of the state from January–December to April–March. The decision has been taken in order to compensate the loss of academic days due to COVID-19 lockdown.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam extends academic calendar from December to March due to Covid-19 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/assam-extends-academic-calendar-from-december-to-march-due-to-covid-19/story-xZnjlGCR6SBV31tbNHPUwJ.html |access-date=30 June 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=29 June 2020 |author=Utpal Parashar |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629232152/https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/assam-extends-academic-calendar-from-december-to-march-due-to-covid-19/story-xZnjlGCR6SBV31tbNHPUwJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Assam_Government's_coronavirus_health_advisory_in_Assamese.jpg|left|thumb|{{center|[[Coronavirus]] information poster in [[Assamese language|Assamese]]}}]]

=== Schemes and programmes launched ===
On 27 April, Chief minister [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] announced a life insurance cover of Rs 50 lakh to journalists. The state government also ensured to provide free COVID-19 testing for reporters.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The government is also going to give Rs. 2000/month for three months to those people of Assam who are not returning to the state during lockdown. The government also gave $2000 in two installments to Assamese people stranded abroad.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 April 2020|title=Assam transfers 2,000 each to 86,000 people stranded outside State|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-assam-pays-2000-each-to-86000-stranded-people/article31388237.ece|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610075216/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-assam-pays-2000-each-to-86000-stranded-people/article31388237.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The government also gave Rs. 25000 to each cancer, kidney & heart patients in first installment and also gave another Rs. 25000 in second installment to the same patients stranded outside the state during the COVID-19 lockdown.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bikash Singh|date=14 April 2020|title=Assam to provide financial aid to those stranded outside the state: Himanta Biswa Sarma|work=Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-to-provide-financial-aid-to-those-stranded-outside-the-state-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/75131104.cms|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=19 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419075654/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-to-provide-financial-aid-to-those-stranded-outside-the-state-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/75131104.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> To support the folk artistes/Lok Silpis of Assam in these challenging times, the government has decided to provide Rs. 2000 per month to each folk artistes for 3 months.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 May 2020|title=Key Decisions Taken In Assam Council Of Ministers Meet|work=Pratidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/key-decisions-taken-in-assam-council-of-ministers-meet/|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726205412/https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/key-decisions-taken-in-assam-council-of-ministers-meet|url-status=live}}</ref>

The CM also ordered to issue job cards to all the migrant workers returning to the state from different parts of the country.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} Along with jobs, the government is also going to give free food grains for 3 months to migrant workers returning to the state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's returning migrant workers will get food grains for 3 months|work=Northeast Now|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assams-returning-migrant-workers-will-get-food-grains-for-3-months-himanta.html|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519065719/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assams-returning-migrant-workers-will-get-food-grains-for-3-months-himanta.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Further, the state government increases the daily wage from Rs. 182 to Rs. 202 of the workers under [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|MGNREGA]] in order to provide relief to the migrant labourers who are returning to their home state.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=HIMANTA BISWA SARMA ANNOUNCES INCREASE OF MGNREGA WAGES FROM RS 182 TO RS 202|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/himanta-biswa-sarma-announces-increase-of-mgnrega-wages-from-rs-182-to-rs-202/|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610080800/https://newslivetv.com/himanta-biswa-sarma-announces-increase-of-mgnrega-wages-from-rs-182-to-rs-202/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Assam government further decided to provide 5 kg rice per month to all those poor families who do not have a ration card.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 April 2020|title=ASSAM GOVT TO PROVIDE 5 KG RICE TO FAMILIES WITHOUT RATION CARD|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid19-assam-govt-to-provide-5-kg-rice-to-families-who-do-not-have-ration-card/|access-date=29 May 2020|archive-date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423061341/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid19-assam-govt-to-provide-5-kg-rice-to-families-who-do-not-have-ration-card/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The government has also launched a scheme called ''Dhanwantari'' to make home delivery of locally unavailable medicines amid lockdown restrictions but later limited to quarantined people only due to relaxations in Lockdown rules.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=DHANWANTARI SCHEME WILL COVER ONLY QUARANTINED PEOPLE|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-dhanwantari-scheme-will-cover-only-quarantined-people/|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529070732/https://newslivetv.com/assam-dhanwantari-scheme-will-cover-only-quarantined-people/|url-status=live}}</ref> The government has also allocated Rs. 20,000 towards the expenditure in quarantining each person arriving from outside the state.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=Cost of quarantine in Assam: 20,000 per head|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/cost-of-quarantine-in-assam-20000-per-head/articleshow/75891563.cms|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527031433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/cost-of-quarantine-in-assam-20000-per-head/articleshow/75891563.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Lockdown 3.0 ===
During Lockdown 3.0, the Assam government has barred people above 65 years and children below 12 years from venturing out of their homes except for medical reasons. Female employees, both in private and public sectors, with children below 5 years of age, are also barred by the government not to attend office.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 May 2020|title=People above 65 years barred from lockdown relaxation in Assam|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-people-above-65-years-barred-from-lockdown-relaxation-in-assam/article31495076.ece|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=4 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504225512/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-people-above-65-years-barred-from-lockdown-relaxation-in-assam/article31495076.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Also the Government strictly imposed curfew across all zones in the state from 6 pm to 6 am and all movement have been restricted during this period except emergency services like medical services, fire services and many more.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bikash Singh|date=3 May 2020|title=Assam to ease lockdown from Monday; curfew to remain in force from 6 pm to 6 am|work=Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-to-ease-lockdown-from-monday-curfew-to-remain-in-force-from-6-pm-to-6-am/articleshow/75521943.cms|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726205411/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-to-ease-lockdown-from-monday-curfew-to-remain-in-force-from-6-pm-to-6-am/articleshow/75521943.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Community surveillance programme ===
The government of Assam also deployed 1,000 medical teams including doctors, nurses, medical staffs and health workers to around 25000 villages across the state to check people with seasonal fever and other COVID-19 like symptoms. The government also deployed Asha workers and MPW to monitor the home quarantine patients.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=ASSAM HEALTH WORKERS TO VISIT OVER 25,000 VILLAGES FOR SAMPLE TESTING|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-assam-health-workers-to-visit-over-25000-villages-for-sample-testing/|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610080738/https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-assam-health-workers-to-visit-over-25000-villages-for-sample-testing/|archive-date=10 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=6 May 2020|title=Assam govt forms 1,000 medical teams to identify potential Covid-19 cases|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-assam-govt-forms-1-000-medical-teams-to-identify-potential-covid-19-cases-1674974-2020-05-06|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726195757/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-assam-govt-forms-1-000-medical-teams-to-identify-potential-covid-19-cases-1674974-2020-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref> In an effort to map and understand the spreading of the novel Coronavirus in Assam a non-governmental organization, has launched the first-ever [https://nerising.in/assam-launches-first-ever-serological-survey/ serological] survey in the state.

==== COVID-19 counseling/screening centers ====
In order to flatten the increasing curve of COVID-19 in Guwahati city, counseling centers have been set up in each of the wards in the city. Altogether 33 such centers have been activated including the ones in GMCH and MMCH. The centers will provide voluntary testing to the peoples and instant test results. All these centres will function from schools and will have ambulances, doctors, nurses and paramedics along with lab technicians.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Plans Ward-Wise Lockdown, Medical Centres In Guwahati As COVID-19 Cases Rise |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-assam-plans-ward-wise-lockdown-medical-centres-in-guwahati-as-covid-19-cases-rise-2250488 |access-date=25 June 2020 |work=NDTV |date=22 June 2020 |author=Ratnadip Choudhury |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623062930/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-assam-plans-ward-wise-lockdown-medical-centres-in-guwahati-as-covid-19-cases-rise-2250488 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Covid Counselling Centres activated in all 31 wards |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/06/25/guwahati-covid-counselling-centres-activated-in-all-31-wards/ |access-date=25 June 2020 |work=Northeast Live |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728233209/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/06/25/guwahati-covid-counselling-centres-activated-in-all-31-wards/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 27, the government set up 60 more COVID-19 screening centres in Guwahati, taking the total strength to 103.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam reports 1,348 new COVID-19 cases seven more deaths |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/07/28/cal33-as-virus-ld-deaths.html |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=The Week |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728135024/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/07/28/cal33-as-virus-ld-deaths.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Lockdown extensions ===
In view of the rising number of COVID-19 cases in many parts of '''[[Guwahati]]''', the government imposed 14-days lockdown in ''11 [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]]'' of Guwahati from 9 pm on June 23 onwards. The wards covers areas like [[Kamakhya, Guwahati|Kamakhya]], [[Maligaon]], Fatasil, [[Pan Bazaar|Panbazar]] and [[Fancy Bazaar]]. The order strictly prohibited the movement of individuals in those wards along with suspension of all activities in the areas excluding medical and fire services. The government though allowed opening of grocery shops, petrol pumps, medicine shops etc. from 10 am to 5 pm on the respective days. The government strictly warned people to follow lockdown norms, otherwise legal action under Section 188 will be taken against those violators.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam govt announces total lockdown in 11 wards of Guwahati, List of prohibited activities |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/guwahati-total-lockdown-wards-list-of-prohibited-activities-assam-covid-count-628629 |access-date=24 June 2020 |work=India TV |date=23 June 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726205413/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/guwahati-total-lockdown-wards-list-of-prohibited-activities-assam-covid-count-628629 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 26 June, the government announced a complete lockdown in Guwahati from June 28 midnight until July 12 due to the rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19: Assam imposes 14-day complete lockdown in Guwahati |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-assam-imposes-14-day-complete-lockdown-in-guwahati-11593357221512.html |access-date=29 June 2020 |work=live mint |date=28 June 2020 |author=Aparna Banerjee |archive-date=30 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630195051/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-assam-imposes-14-day-complete-lockdown-in-guwahati-11593357221512.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 11, the government announced further extension of lockdown by a week until July 19 in Guwahati.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==== Weekend lockdown ====
The government also enforced weekend lockdown from June 27 in all town committees and municipalities across Assam until further orders. The lockdown will be enforced on all Saturdays and Sundays every week.<ref>{{cite news |title=Weekend Lockdown To Be Imposed In All Towns & Municipalities Of Assam |url=http://theguwahatitimes.info/2020/06/26/weekend-lockdown-to-be-imposed-in-all-towns-municipalities-of-assam/ |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=The Guwahati Times |date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627230955/http://theguwahatitimes.info/2020/06/26/weekend-lockdown-to-be-imposed-in-all-towns-municipalities-of-assam/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=12-hour night curfew in Assam; 2-week lockdown imposed in Guwahati |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/12-hour-night-curfew-in-assam-from-friday-14-day-complete-lockdown-in-guwahati-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/76643041.cms |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=Economic Times |date=27 June 2020 |author=Bikash Singh |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629230615/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/12-hour-night-curfew-in-assam-from-friday-14-day-complete-lockdown-in-guwahati-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/76643041.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Besides lockdown, the government also imposed night curfew across the state from 7 pm to 7 am.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam announces 14-day 'total lockdown' in Guwahati from Sunday |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/curfew-assam-14-day-lockdown-guwahati-minister-6477791/ |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=26 June 2020 |author=Abhishek Saha |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628004152/https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/curfew-assam-14-day-lockdown-guwahati-minister-6477791/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Evacuation ===
The Government evacuated 391 students of Assam, who were stranded at [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], Rajasthan. All the students have been kept under quarantine for 14 days.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The govt with the help of government of Gujarat, also brought 104 students of Assam stranded in different parts of Gujarat.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 May 2020|title=SONOWAL, HIMANTA BISWA SARMA THANK GUJARAT CM FOR TRANSIT OF ASSAM STUDENTS|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/sonowal-himanta-biswa-sarma-thank-guajarat-cm-for-transit-of-assam-students/|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726205413/https://newslivetv.com/sonowal-himanta-biswa-sarma-thank-guajarat-cm-for-transit-of-assam-students/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Legal actions ===
The government strictly warned people not to violate quarantine rules otherwise a criminal case of non-bailable offence will be filed against those violators.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=CRIMINAL CASE OF NON-BAILABLE OFFENCE AGAINST THOSE JUMPING QUARANTINE|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-criminal-case-of-non-bailable-offence-against-those-jumping-quarantine/|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610075213/https://newslivetv.com/assam-criminal-case-of-non-bailable-offence-against-those-jumping-quarantine/|url-status=live}}</ref> The government of Assam makes it mandatory to wear mask in public and strongly warned people to follow the order otherwise a fine of Rs 500 ($6.60 ) will be charged from the violators.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=Rs 500 fine for not wearing masks in public, financial aid to returning students and more|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-covid-19-lockdown-updates-6398952/|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507162713/https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-covid-19-lockdown-updates-6398952/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 29 June, 3,444 cases have been registered, 4,609 persons have been arrested, 30,256 vehicles have been seized and more than Rs 4.35 crore have been collected as fines in the state for defying lockdown rules.<ref>{{cite news |title=Guwahati Police Detains 112 Vehicles on Day 1 of 'Re-lock' for Violating Norms |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/guwahati-police-detains-112-vehicles-on-day-1-of-re-lock-for-violating-norms |access-date=30 June 2020 |work=G plus |date=29 June 2020 |archive-date=30 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630101531/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/guwahati-police-detains-112-vehicles-on-day-1-of-re-lock-for-violating-norms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Repatriation of expats ==
Under the [[Evacuations by India related to the COVID-19 pandemic#May 2020–present: Vande Bharat Mission|Vande Bharat Mission]] of massive repatriation operation that have been planned by the Indian government to bring back stranded Indians in different parts of the world in the wake of the coronavirus crisis, Assam also witnessed five repatriation from different countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=All about Vande Bharat Mission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vande-bharat-mission-indias-repatriation-operation-to-bring-back-stranded-indians/article31548550.ece |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=10 May 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806041234/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vande-bharat-mission-indias-repatriation-operation-to-bring-back-stranded-indians/article31548550.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Over 8500 Indians return from abroad in 43 flights under Vande Bharat Mission since May 7 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/over-8500-indians-return-from-abroad-in-43-flights-under-vande-bharat-mission-since-may-7-2283213.html |access-date=5 July 2020 |work=Zee News |date=13 May 2020 |author=Ananya Das |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705013436/https://zeenews.india.com/india/over-8500-indians-return-from-abroad-in-43-flights-under-vande-bharat-mission-since-may-7-2283213.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width: 60%; font-size:85%"
! scope="col" width="10%" | Date
! scope="col" width="10%" | Airport/Int. check post
! scope="col" width="10%" | Arrived from
! scope="col" width="10%" | Passengers
! scope="col" width="10%" | Confirmed positive
|-
! 28 May 2020
| Sutarkandi Int. check post
| Bangladesh
| 100
| 0
|-
! 29 May 2020
| Guwahati airport
| Kuwait
| 155
| 30
|-
! 3 June 2020
| Guwahati airport
| Moscow
| 37
| 0
|-
! 4 June 2020
| Guwahati airport
| Kyiv
| 69
| 0
|-
! 4 July 2020
| Guwahati airport
| Dubai
| 189
| 0
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="3" | Total
! scope="col" | 550
! 30
|}

'''On 28 May''', 100 Indians stranded in different parts of [[Bangladesh]] returned to Assam via Karimganj's Sutarkandi international check post.<ref>{{cite news |title=235 Indians stranded in Bangladesh return via three land border posts in NE |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/235-indians-stranded-in-bangladesh-return-via-three-land-border-posts-in-ne/story-bptmRV1nIGrIrnPuyUoOxM.html |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 May 2020 |author=Utpal Parashar |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607031355/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/235-indians-stranded-in-bangladesh-return-via-three-land-border-posts-in-ne/story-bptmRV1nIGrIrnPuyUoOxM.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''On 29 May''', a flight carrying 155 passengers arrived from [[Kuwait]] at the [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport]], Guwahati. Later, out of the total passengers, 30 tested positive for coronavirus.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

'''On 3 June''', another flight carrying 37 passengers arrived from [[Moscow]] at the LGBI Airport, Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam COVID-19 cases near 2,000-mark, Hojai records highest number of 79 cases |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assam-coronavirus-cases-guwahati-covid-count-hojai-records-highest-number-623482 |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=India TV |date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604200946/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assam-coronavirus-cases-guwahati-covid-count-hojai-records-highest-number-623482 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=47 new COVID-19 cases in Assam, total rises to 595 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/47-new-covid19-cases-in-assam-total-rises-to-595/1846153 |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=Outlook |date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=6 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606223459/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/47-new-covid19-cases-in-assam-total-rises-to-595/1846153 |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''On 4 June''', another flight carrying 69 passengers arrived from Ukraine's [[Kyiv]] at the LGBI Airport, Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news |title=47 more test positive for COVID-19 in Assam; flight from Ukraine arrives with 67 people |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/47-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-flight-from-ukraine-arrives-with-67-people/articleshow/76193903.cms |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=Business Insider |date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210420/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/47-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-flight-from-ukraine-arrives-with-67-people/articleshow/76193903.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''On 4 July''', another flight carrying 189 passengers arrived from [[Dubai]] at the LGBI Airport, Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news |title=First direct flight from Dubai to Guwahati brings 189 stranded Indians back home |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/first-direct-flight-from-dubai-to-guwahati-brings-189-stranded-indians-back-home-486667 |access-date=5 July 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705021006/https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/first-direct-flight-from-dubai-to-guwahati-brings-189-stranded-indians-back-home-486667 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Sample testing and treatment==
{{see also|COVID-19 testing}}

As of 17 November 2020, 5,018,957 COVID-19 tests have been conducted in the 17 laboratories and some screening centres in Assam along with some outsourced (private) labs.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Completes 50 Lakh COVID Tests |url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-completes-50-lakh-covid-19-tests/ |access-date=17 November 2020 |work=News Live |archive-date=16 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116103244/https://newslivetv.com/assam-completes-50-lakh-covid-19-tests/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Initially, the labs tested samples only from those with a history of travel to other countries or areas outside Assam designated as high risk, those who had come into contact with anyone testing positive for coronavirus, and those who were showing the symptoms specified in government guidelines. Moreover, 1,421 out of the total tests were conducted on people linked with Nizamuddin Markaz in which 37 tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Conducts 1421 Tests of People Related to Tablighi Jamaat |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/covid-19-assam-conducts-1421-tests-of-people-related-to-tablighi-jamaat |access-date=13 April 2020 |work=G plus |date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416073948/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/covid-19-assam-conducts-1421-tests-of-people-related-to-tablighi-jamaat |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Surge in Assam, respite in remaining NE states |url=https://www.tripuraindia.in/update/index/covid-19-surge-in-assam-respite-in-remaining-ne-states |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=tripuraindia.in |date=30 April 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210434/https://www.tripuraindia.in/update/index/covid-19-surge-in-assam-respite-in-remaining-ne-states |url-status=live }}</ref>

On July 1, the government launched a website where people would be able to get their test results after entering their Specimen Referral Form (SRF) ID.<ref>{{cite news |title=Focus on Guwahati after over 500 Covid-19 cases detected in less than 24 hrs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/focus-on-guwahati-after-over-500-covid-19-cases-detected-in-less-than-24-hrs/story-ToKZdrBd1bKebTVzp8JzTI.html |access-date=3 July 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=1 July 2020 |author=Utpal Parashar, Sohini Sarkar |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701182015/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/focus-on-guwahati-after-over-500-covid-19-cases-detected-in-less-than-24-hrs/story-ToKZdrBd1bKebTVzp8JzTI.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On July 3, the state begins [[Rapid antigen test|antigen testing]] for coronavirus, which produced results within an hour.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam starts rapid antigen detection tests |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-starts-rapid-point-of-care-antigen-detection-tests/articleshow/76776067.cms |access-date=17 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 July 2020 |author=Prabin Kalita |archive-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717192544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-starts-rapid-point-of-care-antigen-detection-tests/articleshow/76776067.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

On July 7, the state healthcare authorities have launched door-to-door COVID-19 tests in Ward-2 (Pandu), following a spike in the viral outbreak cases in Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news |title=Door-to-door Covid-19 testing begins in Guwahati after spike in cases |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/door-to-door-covid-19-testing-begins-in-guwahati-after-spike-in-cases/story-vpgijhhKTDhBldYW1wXz6I.html |access-date=8 July 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 July 2020 |author=Utpal Parashar |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707233757/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/door-to-door-covid-19-testing-begins-in-guwahati-after-spike-in-cases/story-vpgijhhKTDhBldYW1wXz6I.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 21, the government started random COVID-19 testing in Kamrup Metro district, especially in Guwahati city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Random test for COVID-19 began in Kamrup (M) district administration |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/random-test-for-covid-19-began-in-kamrup-m-district-administration-490076 |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=21 July 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728101209/https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/random-test-for-covid-19-began-in-kamrup-m-district-administration-490076 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Targeted surveillance programme ===
On 17 June, the government launched a surveillance programme, under which swab samples of various people were collected and tested, which includes workers of truck parking areas and dhabas, staffs of hotels used as institutional quarantine, police personnels and the family members, co-residents of homes of people released from the institutional quarantine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Guwahati begins targeted surveillance amid community transmission fears |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/06/17/covid-19-guwahati-begins-targeted-surveillance-amid-community-transmission-fears/ |access-date=18 June 2020 |work=Northeast Live |date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619135256/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/06/17/covid-19-guwahati-begins-targeted-surveillance-amid-community-transmission-fears/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of 2 August, 166,309 persons have been tested under this programme.<ref name=":11" />

=== Graphs ===

{{legend inline|#4B0082|Total samples tested}}
{{Graph:Chart
|height = 300
|width = 700
|type = line
|xType = date
| yGrid =
| xGrid =
|colors = #4B0082
|xAxisTitle = Date
|xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = Count
|yAxisMin = 0
|x = 17 Mar 2020, 18 Mar 2020, 19 Mar 2020, 20 Mar 2020, 21 Mar 2020, 22 Mar 2020, 23 Mar 2020, 24 Mar 2020, 25 Mar 2020, 26 Mar 2020, 27 Mar 2020, 28 Mar 2020, 29 Mar 2020, 30 Mar 2020, 31 Mar 2020, 1 Apr 2020, 2 Apr 2020, 3 Apr 2020, 4 Apr 2020, 5 Apr 2020, 6 Apr 2020, 7 Apr 2020, 8 Apr 2020, 9 Apr 2020, 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 19 Aug 2020, 28 Oct 2020, 16 Nov 2020
|y = 24, 31, 41, 43, 46, 57, 88, 190, 217, 251, 299, 350, 404, 448, 468, 549, 962, 1267, 1529, 1916, 1999, 2168, 2351, 2650, 2863, 3011, 3100, 3186, 3300, 3613, 4108, 4286, 4400, 4865, 5112, 5514, 6000, 6679, 7000, 7159, 7823, 8117, 8710, 9110, 9775, 10290, 11623, 12100, 12775, 13442, 14009, 14998, 15577, 16167, 18002, 19589, 21719, 23655, 25824, 28178, 31726, 34376, 37898, 41666, 47084, 51730, 55791, 60408, 66444, 70029, 72654, 78000, 84550, 92390, 101257, 109097, 113599, 120375, 126726, 133029, 139665, 146605, 153326, 160426, 169842, 174766, 181108, 188090, 197066, 208006, 217088, 227109, 235214, 246590, 258797, 273047, 288306, 301557, 323258, 336091, 351753, 362713, 374519, 385299, 399389, 412210, 419874, 428862, 438878, 449625, 459139, 471217, 485152, 495652, 508973, 525485, 537831, 552376, 563482, 575867, 589202, 601385, 614743, 632372, 651179, 671191, 689343, 703374, 723287, 739465, 753939, 774484, 796226, 819102, 838043, 879071, 917395, 944556, 964499, 1006457, 1065521, 1124683, 1180336, 1238867, 1293712, 1318204, 1378629, 1430691, 1573800, 1635118, 1684721, 1705526, 1725893, 1775403, 1819819, 1860208, 4551693, 5018957
}}

{{legend inline|#4B0082|New tests per day}}
{{Graph:Chart
| height = 300
| width = 700
| xAxisTitle = Date
| xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = New tests
| yAxisMin = 0
| type = line
| xType = date
| xGrid =
| yGrid =
|x=
17 Mar 2020, 18 Mar 2020, 19 Mar 2020, 20 Mar 2020, 21 Mar 2020, 22 Mar 2020, 23 Mar 2020, 24 Mar 2020, 25 Mar 2020, 26 Mar 2020, 27 Mar 2020, 28 Mar 2020, 29 Mar 2020, 30 Mar 2020, 31 Mar 2020, 1 Apr 2020, 2 Apr 2020, 3 Apr 2020, 4 Apr 2020, 5 Apr 2020, 6 Apr 2020, 7 Apr 2020, 8 Apr 2020, 9 Apr 2020, 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19, 30 Aug 2020, 3 Sep 2020, 6 Sep 2020, 13 Sep 2020, 21 Sep 2020, 28 Sep 2020, 29 Sep 2020, 30 Sep 2020, 4 Oct 2020, 12 Oct 2020, 13 Oct 2020, 14 Oct 2020, 18 Oct 2020, 21 Oct 2020, 28 Oct 2020, 4 Nov 2020, 11 Nov 2020, 16 Nov 2020
|y = 24, 7, 10, 2, 3, 11, 31, 102, 27, 34, 48, 51, 54, 44, 20, 81, 413, 305, 262, 387, 83, 169, 183, 299, 213, 148, 89, 86, 114, 313, 495, 128, 164, 465, 247, 402, 486, 679, 321, 159, 664, 294, 593, 400, 665, 515, 1333, 477, 675, 667, 567, 989, 579, 590, 1835, 1587, 2130, 1936, 2169, 2354, 3098, 3100, 3522, 3218, 5968, 4646, 4061, 4617, 6036, 3585, 2625, 5346, 6550, 7840, 8867, 7840, 4502, 6776, 6351, 6303, 6636, 6940, 6721, 7100, 9416, 4924, 6342, 6982, 8976, 10940, 9082, 10021, 8105, 11376, 12207, 14250, 15259, 13251, 21701, 12833, 15662, 10960, 11806, 10780, 14094, 12821, 7664, 8988, 10016, 10747, 9514, 12078, 13935, 10500, 13317, 16512, 12346, 14545, 11106, 12385, 13335, 12183, 13358, 17629, 18807, 20012, 18152, 14031, 19913, 16178, 14474, 20542, 21742, 22876, 18941, 41028, 38324, 27161, 19943, 41958, 59064, 59162, 55671, 58531, 54845, 24492, 60425, 52062, 143109, 61318, 49603, 20805, 20367, 49510, 44416, 40389, 34102, 48846, 23336, 15515, 35603, 120156, 134570, 148780, 13123, 107900, 126279, 139868, 13547, 43452, 26164, 29026, 27323, 19372
|colors=#4B0082
}}

=== Treatment ===
After the city witnessed sharp increase in COVID-19 cases, the government set up plasma bank in Guwahati and started collection of [[blood plasma]] from the patients who have been cured of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |title=Collection of blood plasma from patients starts in Assam |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/collection-of-blood-plasma-from-patients-starts-in-assam/articleshow/76775270.cms |access-date=6 July 2020 |work=Economic Times |date=3 July 2020 |author=Bikash Singh |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232319/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/collection-of-blood-plasma-from-patients-starts-in-assam/articleshow/76775270.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 9, the state started plasma therapy at GMCH on a serious patient admitted in ICU.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam starts convalescent plasma therapy against Covid-19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-starts-convalescent-plasma-therapy-against-covid-19/articleshow/76896860.cms |access-date=11 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 July 2020 |author=Prabin Kalita |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710222342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-starts-convalescent-plasma-therapy-against-covid-19/articleshow/76896860.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> So far, 155 people have donated their plasma.<ref name=":11" /> [[Remdesivir]], an antiviral drug has been given to serious patients, which showed positive results.<ref>{{cite news |title=Remdesivir showing positive results in Assam, helping serious patients fight coronavirus: Health minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/remdesivir-showing-positive-results-in-assam-helping-serious-patients-fight-coronavirus-health-minister/articleshow/76811860.cms |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 July 2020 |author=Kangkan Kalita |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/remdesivir-showing-positive-results-in-assam-helping-serious-patients-fight-coronavirus-health-minister/articleshow/76811860.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Assam also became the first state to procure [[Itolizumab]] for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam 'first state' to procure Itolizumab for Covid patients |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-first-state-to-procure-itolizumab-for-covid-patients/articleshow/77016405.cms |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 July 2020 |author=Prabin Kalita |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721151758/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-first-state-to-procure-itolizumab-for-covid-patients/articleshow/77016405.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Impact ==
=== Economy ===
{{see also|Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic}}

The state's economy has been hit hard due to COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. As a result, the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax (GST)]] collection in Assam dropped by around 80 per cent in the month of April. The state collected only Rs 193 crore as GST collection, which is only around 20 per cent as compared to previous year. The collection though increased to Rs 360 crore in the month of May, it is still 40 percent compared to the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |title=GST revenue drops by 60% in Assam due to pandemic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-lockdown-impact-gst-revenue-drops-by-60-in-assam-due-to-pandemic-1684375-2020-06-01 |access-date=21 June 2020 |work=India Today |date=1 June 2020 |author=Hemanta Kumar Nath |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623153435/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-lockdown-impact-gst-revenue-drops-by-60-in-assam-due-to-pandemic-1684375-2020-06-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> Further, the state government had collected Rs 6.33 crore in April as foreign liquor tax which is just 10 percent as compared to March this year. Moreover, the monthly collection from the [[cess]] of petrol and diesel has also dropped from an average of Rs 340 crore to only just Rs 60 crore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam's GST collection drops by 80 percent amid Covid-19 pandemic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-s-gst-collection-drops-by-80-percent-amid-covid-19-pandemic-1672646-2020-04-30 |access-date=21 June 2020 |work=India Today |date=30 April 2020 |author=Hemanta Kumar Nath |archive-date=17 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617145539/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-s-gst-collection-drops-by-80-percent-amid-covid-19-pandemic-1672646-2020-04-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On account of the COVID-19 lockdown, normal operations in tea gardens were under shutdown from 25 March until 14 April, due to which the tea industry has incurred a loss of around Rs 1,059 crore in revenue.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 deepens existential crisis for Assam tea sector; stiff competition, rising costs and diminishing prices threaten 180-year-old industry |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/covid-19-deepens-existential-crisis-for-assam-tea-sector-stiff-competition-rising-costs-and-diminishing-prices-threaten-180-year-old-industry-8484361.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |work=Firstpost |date=15 June 2020 |author=Ayan Borkotoky |archive-date=16 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616002152/https://www.firstpost.com/india/covid-19-deepens-existential-crisis-for-assam-tea-sector-stiff-competition-rising-costs-and-diminishing-prices-threaten-180-year-old-industry-8484361.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Along with tea industry, the tourism industry also suffered a great loss due to COVID-19 lockdown. According to sources, the industry suffers an estimated loss of around 60 crores of income. The government further estimates a loss of revenue of around Rs 500 crore from the state tourism industry.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kick-starting Assam's tourism sector post-COVID19 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/kick-starting-assams-tourism-sector-post-covid19.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |work=Northeast Now |date=4 May 2020 |author=Dhirendra Newar |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210452/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/kick-starting-assams-tourism-sector-post-covid19.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to the Advisory Committee for Revitalization of the Economy of Assam, the total loss in gross state domestic product in Assam due to the COVID-19 lockdown was estimated at Rs 32,167 crore.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Assam economy suffers loss of Rs 32,167 crore due to COVID-19 lockdown |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/assam-economy-suffers-loss-of-rs-32167-crore-due-to-covid-19-lockdown-480633 |work=The Sentinel |date=3 June 2020 |access-date=30 March 2021 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703230019/https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/assam-economy-suffers-loss-of-rs-32167-crore-due-to-covid-19-lockdown-480633 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Education ===
{{see also|Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education}}

On July 9, the [[Tezpur University]] has cancelled its entrance examination for all programs. Earlier, it had to postponed the examination due to Lockdown and now had to cancel it due to spike in COVID-19 cases across the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tezpur University entrance exam cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/tezpur-university-entrance-exam-cancelled-due-to-covid-19-pandemic/articleshow/76865521.cms |access-date=11 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 July 2020 |author=Kangkan Kalita |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710140109/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/tezpur-university-entrance-exam-cancelled-due-to-covid-19-pandemic/articleshow/76865521.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cotton University]] also decided to call off the exams for several courses. The university has cancelled the 2nd and 4th semester examination of graduation due to coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 forces Cotton University to scrap exams for several courses |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/covid-19-forces-cotton-university-to-scrap-exams-for-several-courses/articleshow/76889376.cms |access-date=11 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 July 2020 |author=Kangkan Kalita |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710234849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/covid-19-forces-cotton-university-to-scrap-exams-for-several-courses/articleshow/76889376.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A preliminary decision, the Assam government is planning to [https://nerising.in/assam-government-plans-to-reopen-schools-colleges-from-september-1/ reopen] the schools and colleges in the state from September 1.

=== Religion and culture ===
{{see also|Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion}}

[[Bohag Bihu]] celebrations, the state's biggest festival which marks the onset of spring and the beginning of the Assamese new year, was called off. Most rituals, except ceremonial flag hoisting, will be restricted with the [[Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic|social distancing]] norms amid COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid lockdown mars Bohag Bihu celebrations in Assam |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-lockdown-mars-bohag-bihu-celebrations-in-assam/story-sWaIbItDx2o4JGUQLGkA6J.html |access-date=21 June 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 April 2020 |author=Utpal Parashar |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621233836/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-lockdown-mars-bohag-bihu-celebrations-in-assam/story-sWaIbItDx2o4JGUQLGkA6J.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The famous [[Kamakhya Temple|Kamakhya temple]] which host the biggest [[Ambubachi Mela]], has called off all celebrations this year amid COVID-19. The temple authorities has decided that only religious rituals will be performed by the priests of the temple.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam's kamakhya temple to remain shut till June 30 no Ambubachi mela this year |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/assams-kamakhya-temple-to-remain-shut-till-june-30-no-ambubachi-mela-this-year-2287390.html |access-date=21 June 2020 |work=Zee News |date=1 June 2020 |author=Ankita Bhandari |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622174726/https://zeenews.india.com/india/assams-kamakhya-temple-to-remain-shut-till-june-30-no-ambubachi-mela-this-year-2287390.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Moreover, the [[Basistha Temple|Basistha temple]] and [[Sukreswar Temple|Sukreswar temple]] which hosts the month long [[Kanwar Yatra#Bol Bam|Bolbom]] Celebration, has also decided to call off the celebration this year.<ref>{{cite news |title=No Bolbom Celebration Amid COVID-19 Pandemic |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/guwahati-no-bolbom-celebration-amid-covid-19-pandemic/ |access-date=21 June 2020 |work=Pratidin Time |date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623011625/https://www.pratidintime.com/guwahati-no-bolbom-celebration-amid-covid-19-pandemic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ugratara Devalaya which hosts the [[Naga Panchami]] (Manasa Puja) every year, will not observe the Puja this year due to COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ugratara Devalaya cancels Manasa Puja in Uzanbazar |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/ugratara-devalaya-cancels-manasa-puja-in-uzanbazar-487556 |access-date=11 July 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=9 July 2020 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713104554/https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/ugratara-devalaya-cancels-manasa-puja-in-uzanbazar-487556 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Relief funds and supplies==

===State relief fund===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="float:right; clear:right"
|+Assam Arogya Nidhi
!Amount Received
| style="text-align:center;" |109.41 crore (US$14.63 million)
|-
!No. of Donor
| style="text-align:center;" |50,142
|-
!Date of Commencing
| style="text-align:center;" |26-03-2020
|-
!Status
| style="text-align:center;" |open
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |{{As of|2020|May|6}}<ref name=":6">{{cite news |title=Assam Arogya Nidhi (Twitter) |url=https://twitter.com/himantabiswa/status/1258057142453645312 |date=6 May 2020}}</ref>
|}
On 26 March 2020, Assam State Government launched the Assam Arogya Nidhi Fund for COVID-19 relief, and it is now seeking contributions to the fund from the public. The purpose of the fund is to help the state government in its efforts to combat the spread of coronavirus in Assam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Over Rs 24 Cr Donated to Assam Arogya Nidhi Fund |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/covid-19-over-rs-24-cr-donated-to-assam-arogya-nidhi-fund |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=G plus |date=8 April 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221819/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/covid-19-over-rs-24-cr-donated-to-assam-arogya-nidhi-fund |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Border with Manipur, Mizoram to be sealed: Himanta |url=https://www.thehillstimes.in/regional/border-with-manipur-mizoram-to-be-sealed-himanta/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=The Hills Times |date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221823/https://www.thehillstimes.in/regional/border-with-manipur-mizoram-to-be-sealed-himanta/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 6 May 2020, over 50,000 people had donated around Rs 110 cr (1.1 billion rupees) to the Assam Arogya Nidhi fund.<ref name=":6" />

The [[Income Tax Department]] and the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance Ministry]] have declared that all donations to the fund are 100 per cent tax-deductible, being donations to a fund set up by a state government to provide medical relief to the poor under Sec 80G (1) of the Income tax Act.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Arogya Nidhi donations exempted from taxes |url=https://nenow.in/health/assam-arogya-nidhi-donations-exempted-from-taxes.html |access-date=11 April 2020 |work=Northeast now |date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221821/https://nenow.in/health/assam-arogya-nidhi-donations-exempted-from-taxes.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ALL DONATIONS TO ASSAM AROGYA NIDHI ELIGIBLE FOR 100 PERCENT EXEMPTION FROM INCOME TAX |url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid19-all-donations-to-assam-arogya-nidhi-eligible-for-100-percent-exemption-from-income-tax/ |access-date=11 April 2020 |work=News Live |date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221818/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid19-all-donations-to-assam-arogya-nidhi-eligible-for-100-percent-exemption-from-income-tax/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Many well-known businessmen, social activists, government employees, sports personalities, religious trusts and even ordinary members of the public have contributed to the Assam Arogya Nidhi fund. Guwahati-based businessman and social activist Anand Kumar Jain donated over Rs 2 crore (20 million rupees) to support the fight against coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Guwahati Based Businessman Donates Over Rs 2 Cr to Fight Coronavirus |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/guwahati-based-businessman-donates-over-rs-2-cr-to-fight-coronavirus |access-date=11 April 2020 |work=G plus |date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411143354/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/guwahati-based-businessman-donates-over-rs-2-cr-to-fight-coronavirus |url-status=live }}</ref> Three other businessmen from Assam also contributed sizable amounts to the fund: Anil Das donated Rs 50 lakh (5 million rupees), Anupam Sarma Rs 25 lakh (2.5 million rupees) and Aditya Goswami Rs 21 lakh (2.1 million rupees).<ref>{{cite news |title=THREE ASSAM BUSINESSMEN DONATE RS 1 CRORE 46 LAKH |url=https://www.newslivetv.com/assam/covid19-three-assam-businessmen-donate-rs-1-crore-46-lakh/ |access-date=12 April 2020 |work=News Live |date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411231358/https://www.newslivetv.com/assam/covid19-three-assam-businessmen-donate-rs-1-crore-46-lakh/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Kamakhya Temple]] contributed Rs. 5 lakh (500,000 rupees).<ref>{{cite news |title=Kamakhya Devalaya extends Rs 5 lakh to Assam Arogya Nidhi Scheme to fight against COVID-19 |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/kamakhya-devalaya-extends-rs-5-lakh-to-assam-arogya-nidhi-scheme-to-fight-against-covid-19/ |access-date=13 April 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413001809/https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/kamakhya-devalaya-extends-rs-5-lakh-to-assam-arogya-nidhi-scheme-to-fight-against-covid-19/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Asian Games gold medallist [[Hima Das]] donated one month's salary.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hima Das donates one month's salary to Assam government |url=https://www.mykhel.com/more-sports/coronavirus-hima-das-donates-a-month-s-salary-to-assam-govt-140685.html |access-date=11 April 2020 |work=My Khel |date=27 March 2020 |author=Sajith B Warrier |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221817/https://www.mykhel.com/more-sports/coronavirus-hima-das-donates-a-month-s-salary-to-assam-govt-140685.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Reema Ghosh, a college student from Assam's Rangia area, gave Rs 1.93 lakh (193,000 rupees) that her parents had been saving for her marriage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam student donates nearly Rs 2 lakh to state Covid-19 relief fund |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-student-donates-nearly-rs-2-lakh-to-state-covid-19-relief-fund-1663833-2020-04-06 |access-date=13 April 2020 |work=India Today |date=6 April 2020 |author=Hemanta Kumar Nath |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412214325/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-student-donates-nearly-rs-2-lakh-to-state-covid-19-relief-fund-1663833-2020-04-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> All the government employees of Assam have donated their one-day salary to the Chief Minister's Relief Fund.<ref>{{cite news |title=Be generous to poor during lockdown, says Health Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma to employees |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/top-headlines/be-generous-to-poor-during-lockdown-says-health-minister-himanta-biswa-sarma-to-employees/ |access-date=20 April 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231023/https://www.sentinelassam.com/top-headlines/be-generous-to-poor-during-lockdown-says-health-minister-himanta-biswa-sarma-to-employees/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Masks and supplies===
On 5 April, [[Akshaya Patra Foundation]], Assam has donated 5000 essential groceries kits, each weighing 12.06 kg, for 21 days.<ref>{{cite news |title=AKSHAYA PATRA DONATES 5000 ESSENTIAL GROCERIES KITS |url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-covid19-akshaya-patra-donates-5000-essential-groceries-kits/ |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=News Live |date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200813/https://newslivetv.com/assam-covid19-akshaya-patra-donates-5000-essential-groceries-kits/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 13 April, [[Mukesh Ambani]], chairman of Reliance Industries Limited has donated 10 thousand [[Personal protective equipment|PPE]] kits to Assam.<ref name=":k" /> On 20 April, Assam received a total of 9,600 COVID-19 rapid testing kits from the [[Government of India]], which can detect the virus in a person's body within 15 minutes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam gets 9,600 Chinese test kits from Centre |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/covid-19-assam-gets-9-600-chinese-test-kits-from-centre-120042000948_1.html |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=Business Standard |date=20 April 2020 |archive-date=28 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428234016/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/covid-19-assam-gets-9-600-chinese-test-kits-from-centre-120042000948_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 28 April, Pernod Ricard India Foundation has donated 20,000 three-layered masks and 20,500 litres of sanitizers to the Assam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pernod Ricard India Donates 20,000 Triple-Layered Masks to Assam Excise Dept |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/pernod-ricard-india-donates-20-000-triple-layered-masks-to-assam-excise-dept |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=G plus |date=28 April 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210427/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/pernod-ricard-india-donates-20-000-triple-layered-masks-to-assam-excise-dept |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 April, [[Ratan Tata]] has contributed 45,000 COVID-19 protective masks to Assam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ratan Tata helps Assam by Contributing 45,000 masks |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/national-news/war-against-covid-19-ratan-tata-helps-assam-by-contributing-45000-masks/ |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=The Sentinel |date=29 April 2020 |archive-date=15 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515132422/https://www.sentinelassam.com/national-news/war-against-covid-19-ratan-tata-helps-assam-by-contributing-45000-masks/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On the same day, [[Apollo Hospitals|Apollo Hospital]], [[Guwahati]] has donated 5,000 pieces of facemasks as a support to the Assam Government's fight against COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |title=Apollo Hospital, Guwahati Donates Rs 8 Lakhs and 5,000 Facemasks to Fight COVID-19 |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/apollo-hospital-guwahati-donates-rs-8-lakhs-and-5-000-facemasks-to-fight-covid-19 |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=G plus |date=29 April 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728233209/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/apollo-hospital-guwahati-donates-rs-8-lakhs-and-5-000-facemasks-to-fight-covid-19 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 3 June, the Circle Chief General Manager and General Managers of [[State Bank of India|SBI]] has donated PPE kits, in order to boost up the strength of Assam's COVID-19 frontline warriors.<ref>{{cite news |title=SBI Joins Hands With NHM Assam To Fight Corona |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/sbi-joins-hands-with-nhm-assam-to-fight-corona/ |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=Pratidin Time |date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603222815/https://www.pratidintime.com/sbi-joins-hands-with-nhm-assam-to-fight-corona/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In order to boost testing capabilities, [[Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati|Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati]] has developed several low-cost and high-quality 'Made in Assam' COVID-19 kits including VTM kits, RT-PCR kits and RNA isolation kits, which was finally handed over to Assam government on June 17.<ref>{{cite news |title=IIT-Guwahati develops low-cost, high-quality 'Made in Assam' Covid-19 kits |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/iit-guwahati-develops-low-cost-high-quality-made-in-assam-covid-19-kits/story-VEAsSuM6WCCq6kjZdFxF2K.html |access-date=19 June 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 June 2020 |author=Utpal Parashar, Amit Chaturvedi |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619000512/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/iit-guwahati-develops-low-cost-high-quality-made-in-assam-covid-19-kits/story-VEAsSuM6WCCq6kjZdFxF2K.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IIT Guwahati develops affordable diagnostic kits for testing coronavirus COVID-19 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assam/iit-guwahati-develops-affordable-diagnostic-kits-for-testing-coronavirus-covid-19-2290893.html |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=Zee News |date=19 June 2020 |author=Ananya Das |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707142058/https://zeenews.india.com/assam/iit-guwahati-develops-affordable-diagnostic-kits-for-testing-coronavirus-covid-19-2290893.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width:600px; clear:right; margin:0px 0px 0.5em 1em"
! colspan="7" |{{resize|110%|{{Nowrap|COVID-19 pandemic in Assam by districts}}}}
|-
! scope="col" |S.No.
! scope="col" |District
! scope="col" |Active Cases
! scope="col" |Recovered cases
! scope="col" |Deaths
! scope="col" |Total Cases
|-
!scope="row" |1
!scope="row" |[[Kamrup Metropolitan district|Kamrup Metropolitan]]
| 6,008{{efn|name=fn1|The figure doesn't includes three migrations.<ref name=":9">{{cite news |title=Assam reports 13 more positive COVID-19 cases |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/20/breaking-assam-reports-13-more-positive-covid-19-cases/ |work=Northeast Live |date=20 May 2020 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527182729/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/20/breaking-assam-reports-13-more-positive-covid-19-cases/ |archive-date=27 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |title=Two more test positive for Covid-19 in Assam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/two-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam/articleshow/75681905.cms |access-date=14 May 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=11 May 2020 |author=Prabin Kalita |archive-date=17 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517192608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/two-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam/articleshow/75681905.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Three more test positive for COVID-19 in Assam, tally rises to 89 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/three-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-tally-rises-to-89-120051600028_1.html |work=Business Standard |date=16 May 2020 |access-date=15 May 2020 |archive-date=21 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521225430/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/three-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-tally-rises-to-89-120051600028_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| 14,599
| 54
| 23,125
|-
!scope="row" |2
!scope="row" |[[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh]]
| 1,501
| 2,409
| 30
| 5,690
|-
!scope="row" |3
!scope="row" |[[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]]
| 1,551
| 1,798
| 18
| 5,059
|-
!scope="row" |4
!scope="row" |[[Kamrup district|Kamrup Rural]]
| 820
| 2,074
| 15
| 4,508
|-
!scope="row" |5
!scope="row" |[[Cachar district|Cachar]]
| 1,794
| 1,498
| 18
| 4,469
|-
!scope="row" |6
!scope="row" |[[Jorhat district|Jorhat]]
| 1,576
| 1,752
| 10
| 4,338
|-
!scope="row" |7
!scope="row" |[[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]
| 1,385
| 2,506
| 6
| 4,175
|-
!scope="row" |8
!scope="row" |[[Dhubri district|Dhubri]]
| 507
| 1,215
| 2
| 3,209
|-
!scope="row" |9
!scope="row" |[[Golaghat district|Golaghat]]
| 729
| 1,656
| 4
| 3,056
|-
!scope="row" |10
!scope="row" |[[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]]
| 621
| 1,727
| 3
| 2,927
|-
!scope="row" |11
!scope="row" |[[Darrang district|Darrang]]
| 232
| 1,730
| 8
| 2,619
|-
!scope="row" |12
!scope="row" |[[Hojai district|Hojai]]
| 184
| 1,160
| 1
| 2,100
|-
!scope="row" |13
!scope="row" |[[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]]
| 131
| 1,135
| 1
| 2,009
|-
!scope="row" |14
!scope="row" |[[Barpeta district|Barpeta]]
| 96
| 1,024
| 2
| 1,989
|-
!scope="row" |15
!scope="row" |[[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]]
| 269
| 1,116
| 5
| 1,782
|-
!scope="row" |16
!scope="row" |[[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]]
| 279
| 834
| 2
| 1,709
|-
!scope="row" |17
!scope="row" |[[Karimganj district|Karimganj]]
| 62
| 955
| 14
| 1,525
|-
!scope="row" |18
!scope="row" |[[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
| 117
| 828
| 3
| 1,248
|-
!scope="row" |19
!scope="row" |[[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]]
| 51
| 353
| 5
| 1,107
|-
!scope="row" |20
!scope="row" |[[Goalpara district|Goalpara]]
| 90
| 568
| 1
| 1,058
|-
!scope="row" |21
!scope="row" |[[Morigaon district|Morigaon]]
| 79
| 557
| 2
| 1,038
|-
!scope="row" |22
!scope="row" |[[Udalguri district|Udalguri]]
| 91
| 666
| 3
| 938
|-
!scope="row" |23
!scope="row" |[[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar]]
| 54
| 473
| 3
| 758
|-
!scope="row" |24
!scope="row" |[[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji]]
| 61
| 440
| 1
| 709
|-
!scope="row" |25
!scope="row" |[[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]]
| 76
| 552
| 7
| 638
|-
!scope="row" |26
!scope="row" |[[Biswanath district|Biswanath]]
| 70
| 397
| 0
| 597
|-
!scope="row" |27
!scope="row" |[[Baksa district|Baksa]]
| 39
| 447
| 2
| 586
|-
!scope="row" |28
!scope="row" |[[Chirang district|Chirang]]
| 61
| 219
| 0
| 359
|-
!scope="row" |29
!scope="row" |[[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]]
| 38
| 199
| 0
| 313
|-
!scope="row" |30
!scope="row" |[[Majuli district|Majuli]]
| 85
| 80
| 0
| 248
|-
!scope="row" |31
!scope="row" |[[Charaideo district|Charaideo]]
| 7
| 105
| 1
| 192
|-
!scope="row" |32
!scope="row" |[[South Salmara district|South Salmara- Mankachar]]
| 4
| 47
| 0
| 79
|-
!scope="row" |33
!scope="row" |[[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]]
| 2
| 37
| 0
| 48
|-
!scope="row" |
!scope="row" |Unknown
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="2" | Total
! scope="col" | 23,753*
! scope="col" | 60,348
! scope="col" | 221
! 84,317
|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="7" |*''Excluding migrations''
|- class="sortbottom" style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="7" |As of {{TODAY}}<ref name=":10">{{cite news |title=Covid-19 Dashboard Assam, list of districts |url=https://covid19.assam.gov.in/all-districts/ |access-date={{TODAY}} |work=The [[Government of Assam]] |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608130434/https://covid19.assam.gov.in/all-districts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Total confirmed cases, active cases, recoveries and deaths ===
{{legend inline|#FF6347|Total confirmed cases}} 
{{legend inline|#FFC000|Active Cases}} 
{{legend inline|#87CEEB|Recoveries}} 
{{legend inline|#343132|Deaths}}

==== Linear scale ====
{{Graph:Chart
|height = 300
| width = 700
| xAxisTitle = Date
| xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = Count
| yAxisMin = 0
| type = line
| xType = date
| xGrid =
| yGrid =
|x=
31 Mar 2020, 1 Apr 2020, 2 Apr 2020, 3 Apr 2020, 4 Apr 2020, 5 Apr 2020, 6 Apr 2020, 7 Apr 2020, 8 Apr 2020, 9 Apr 2020, 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19, 27 Oct 2020, 4 Nov 2020, 10 Nov 2020, 16 Nov 2020
|y1 = 1, 13, 16, 23, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 29, 31, 32, 32, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 37, 37, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 44, 45, 53, 59, 62, 62, 64, 64, 79, 86, 89, 92, 100, 115, 157, 185, 210, 259, 346, 392, 548, 682, 783, 880, 1057, 1216, 1361, 1485, 1561, 1830, 2115, 2243, 2473, 2681, 2835, 3050, 3285, 3430, 3693, 3900, 4118, 4309, 4510, 4694, 4904, 5006, 5255, 5586, 5853, 6056, 6370, 6646, 6919, 7165, 7492, 7794, 8407, 8955, 9434, 9799, 11001, 11736, 12522, 13336, 14032, 14600, 15536, 16071, 16806, 17807, 18666, 19754, 20646, 21864, 22981, 23999, 25092, 26772, 27744, 28791, 29921, 31086, 32228, 33576, 34947, 36295, 38407, 40269, 41726, 42904, 45275, 48161, 50445, 52817, 55496, 57714, 58837, 61737, 64406, 68999, 71795, 74501, 75558, 76875, 79667, 82201, 84317, 204789, 207741, 209388, 210454
|y2 = 1, 13, 16, 23, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28, 29, 28, 28, 28, 30, 31, 29, 28, 24, 21, 16, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 7, 7, 9, 7, 12, 9, 9, 9, 9, 11, 10, 17, 23, 26, 26, 23, 23, 37, 44, 44, 47, 55, 68, 110, 130, 149, 198, 282, 328, 479, 613, 689, 770, 925, 1046, 1169, 1194, 1217, 1410, 1649, 1727, 1878, 2038, 2044, 1945, 2027, 1989, 2098, 2084, 2147, 2093, 2088, 2028, 2044, 1928, 2041, 2170, 2276, 2282, 2400, 2601, 2660, 2338, 2390, 2447, 2745, 3109, 3311, 3455, 4241, 4286, 4564, 4988, 5281, 5423, 5650, 5607, 5873, 6348, 6444, 6815, 7039, 7705, 7760, 7916, 7936, 8672, 8325, 8019, 8081, 7951, 8106, 8085, 8238, 8368, 9230, 9811, 10180, 10412, 11735, 13622, 14429, 15464, 16552, 16980, 16364, 17997, 19175, 21626, 22240, 22630, 22087, 21468, 22733, 23701, 23753, 12845, 8110, 5964, 3445
|y3 = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 5, 9, 12, 17, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 27, 27, 27, 29, 29, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 39, 39, 39, 39, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 51, 57, 57, 60, 60, 65, 65, 90, 106, 128, 166, 188, 287, 340, 416, 462, 512, 591, 639, 787, 1100, 1252, 1435, 1587, 1808, 1963, 2208, 2414, 2657, 2851, 3069, 3205, 3407, 3568, 3765, 3961, 4036, 4250, 4817, 5091, 5336, 5650, 5834, 6109, 6330, 6746, 7436, 7944, 8332, 8729, 9150, 9851, 10429, 10897, 11419, 12176, 12891, 13557, 14108, 15168, 16026, 17098, 18036, 19353, 20702, 21764, 23058, 24043, 25405, 26621, 27835, 29083, 30360, 31445, 32387, 33431, 34424, 35895, 37227, 38812, 40594, 42328, 43589, 45076, 47212, 49386, 51696, 53289, 55218, 56737, 58297, 60348, 191027, 198694, 202468, 206041
|y4 = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 16, 22, 27, 35, 35, 36, 40, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53, 57, 58, 64, 66, 70, 76, 77, 79, 86, 88, 92, 94, 98, 101, 105, 109, 115, 121, 126, 132, 140, 145, 151, 155, 161, 169, 175, 182, 189, 197, 203, 213, 914, 934, 953, 965
|colors=#FF6347,#FFC000,#87CEEB,#343132
}}

==== Logarithmic scale ====
{{Graph:Chart
|height = 300
| width = 700
| xAxisTitle = Date
| xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = Count
| yScaleType = log
| yAxisMin = 1
| type = line
| xType = date
| xGrid =
| yGrid =
|x=
31 Mar 2020, 1 Apr 2020, 2 Apr 2020, 3 Apr 2020, 4 Apr 2020, 5 Apr 2020, 6 Apr 2020, 7 Apr 2020, 8 Apr 2020, 9 Apr 2020, 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19, 23 Aug 2020, 30 Aug 2020, 6 Sep 2020, 13 Sep 2020, 20 Sep 2020, 27 Sep 2020, 4 Oct 2020, 11 Oct 2020, 18 Oct 2020, 27 Oct 2020, 4 Nov 2020, 10 Nov 2020, 16 Nov 2020
|y1 = 1, 13, 16, 23, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 29, 31, 32, 32, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 37, 37, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 44, 45, 53, 59, 62, 62, 64, 64, 79, 86, 89, 92, 100, 115, 157, 185, 210, 259, 346, 392, 548, 682, 783, 880, 1057, 1216, 1361, 1485, 1561, 1830, 2115, 2243, 2473, 2681, 2835, 3050, 3285, 3430, 3693, 3900, 4118, 4309, 4510, 4694, 4904, 5006, 5255, 5586, 5853, 6056, 6370, 6646, 6919, 7165, 7492, 7794, 8407, 8955, 9434, 9799, 11001, 11736, 12522, 13336, 14032, 14600, 15536, 16071, 16806, 17807, 18666, 19754, 20646, 21864, 22981, 23999, 25092, 26772, 27744, 28791, 29921, 31086, 32228, 33576, 34947, 36295, 38407, 40269, 41726, 42904, 45275, 48161, 50445, 52817, 55496, 57714, 58837, 61737, 64406, 68999, 71795, 74501, 75558, 76875, 79667, 82201, 84317, 90741, 105775, 123460, 140471, 159320, 169985, 186200, 193387, 200709, 204789, 207741, 209388, 210454
|y2 = 1, 13, 16, 23, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28, 29, 28, 28, 28, 30, 31, 29, 28, 24, 21, 16, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 7, 7, 9, 7, 12, 9, 9, 9, 9, 11, 10, 17, 23, 26, 26, 23, 23, 37, 44, 44, 47, 55, 68, 110, 130, 149, 198, 282, 328, 479, 613, 689, 770, 925, 1046, 1169, 1194, 1217, 1410, 1649, 1727, 1878, 2038, 2044, 1945, 2027, 1989, 2098, 2084, 2147, 2093, 2088, 2028, 2044, 1928, 2041, 2170, 2276, 2282, 2400, 2601, 2660, 2338, 2390, 2447, 2745, 3109, 3311, 3455, 4241, 4286, 4564, 4988, 5281, 5423, 5650, 5607, 5873, 6348, 6444, 6815, 7039, 7705, 7760, 7916, 7936, 8672, 8325, 8019, 8081, 7951, 8106, 8085, 8238, 8368, 9230, 9811, 10180, 10412, 11735, 13622, 14429, 15464, 16552, 16980, 16364, 17997, 19175, 21626, 22240, 22630, 22087, 21468, 22733, 23701, 23753, 19595, 21548, 28273, 28157, 28780, 29350, 33324, 28385, 28135, 12845, 8110, 5964, 3445
|y3 = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 5, 9, 12, 17, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 27, 27, 27, 29, 29, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 39, 39, 39, 39, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 51, 57, 57, 60, 60, 65, 65, 90, 106, 128, 166, 188, 287, 340, 416, 462, 512, 591, 639, 787, 1100, 1252, 1435, 1587, 1808, 1963, 2208, 2414, 2657, 2851, 3069, 3205, 3407, 3568, 3765, 3961, 4036, 4250, 4817, 5091, 5336, 5650, 5834, 6109, 6330, 6746, 7436, 7944, 8332, 8729, 9150, 9851, 10429, 10897, 11419, 12176, 12891, 13557, 14108, 15168, 16026, 17098, 18036, 19353, 20702, 21764, 23058, 24043, 25405, 26621, 27835, 29083, 30360, 31445, 32387, 33431, 34424, 35895, 37227, 38812, 40594, 42328, 43589, 45076, 47212, 49386, 51696, 53289, 55218, 56737, 58297, 60348, 70901, 83928, 96824, 113134, 127335, 139977, 152124, 164579, 171680 , 191027, 198694, 202468, 206041
|y4 = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 16, 22, 27, 35, 35, 36, 40, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53, 57, 58, 64, 66, 70, 76, 77, 79, 86, 88, 92, 94, 98, 101, 105, 109, 115, 121, 126, 132, 140, 145, 151, 155, 161, 169, 175, 182, 189, 197, 203, 213, 242, 296, 360, 469, 562, 655, 749, 816, 868, 914, 934, 953, 965
|colors=#FF6347,#FFC000,#87CEEB,#343132
}}

=== Active cases ===
{{legend inline|#FFC000|Active Cases}}
{{Graph:Chart
| height = 300
| width = 700
| xAxisTitle = Date
| xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = Active cases
| yAxisMin = 0
| type = area
| xType = date
| xGrid =
| yGrid =
|x=
31 Mar 2020, 1 Apr 2020, 2 Apr 2020, 3 Apr 2020, 4 Apr 2020, 5 Apr 2020, 6 Apr 2020, 7 Apr 2020, 8 Apr 2020, 9 Apr 2020, 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19, 27 Oct 2020, 4 Nov 2020, 10 Nov 2020, 16 Nov 2020
|y = 1, 13, 16, 23, 26, 26, 26, 28, 28, 29, 28, 28, 28, 30, 31, 29, 28, 24, 21, 16, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 7, 7, 9, 7, 12, 9, 9, 9, 9, 11, 10, 17, 23, 26, 26, 23, 23, 37, 44, 44, 47, 55, 68, 110, 130, 149, 198, 282, 328, 479, 613, 689, 770, 925, 1046, 1169, 1194, 1217, 1410, 1649, 1727, 1878, 2038, 2044, 1945, 2027, 1989, 2098, 2084, 2147, 2093, 2088, 2028, 2044, 1928, 2041, 2170, 2276, 2282, 2400, 2601, 2660, 2338, 2390, 2447, 2745, 3109, 3311, 3455, 4241, 4286, 4564, 4988, 5281, 5423, 5650, 5607, 5873, 6348, 6444, 6815, 7039, 7705, 7760, 7916, 7936, 8672, 8325, 8019, 8081, 7951, 8106, 8085, 8238, 8368, 9230, 9811, 10180, 10412, 11735, 13622, 14429, 15464, 16552, 16980, 16364, 17997, 19175, 21626, 22240, 22630, 22087, 21468, 22733, 23701, 23753, 12845, 8110, 5964, 3445
|colors=#FFC000
}}

=== Daily new cases ===
{{legend inline|#FF6347|New cases per day}}
{{Graph:Chart
|height = 300
|width = 700
|xAxisTitle = Date
|xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = New cases
|yAxisMin = 0
|type = line
|xType = date
|yGrid =
|xGrid =
|x = 31 Mar 2020, 1 Apr 2020, 2 Apr 2020, 3 Apr 2020, 4 Apr 2020, 5 Apr 2020, 6 Apr 2020, 7 Apr 2020, 8 Apr 2020, 9 Apr 2020, 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19, 2020-11-04, 2020-11-10, 2020-11-16
|y = 1, 12, 3, 7, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 8, 6, 3, 0, 2, 0, 15, 7, 3, 3, 8, 15, 42, 28, 25, 49, 87, 46, 156, 134, 101, 97, 177, 159, 145, 124, 76, 269, 285, 128, 230, 208, 154, 215, 235, 145, 263, 207, 218, 191, 201, 184, 210, 102, 249, 331, 267, 203, 314, 276, 273, 246, 327, 302, 613, 548, 479, 365, 1202, 735, 786, 814, 696, 568, 936, 535, 735, 1001, 859, 1088, 892, 1218, 1117, 1018, 1093, 1680, 972, 1047, 1165, 1142, 1348, 1371, 1348, 2112, 1862, 1457, 1178, 2371, 2886, 2284, 2372, 2679, 2218, 1123, 2900, 2669, 4593, 2796, 2706, 1057, 1317, 2792, 2534, 2116, 380, 271, 186
|colors = #FF6347
}}

=== Daily new recoveries ===
{{legend inline|#87CEEB|Recoveries per day}}
{{Graph:Chart
|height = 300
|width = 700
|xAxisTitle = Date
|xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = No. of Recoveries
|yAxisMin = 0
|type = line
|xType = date
| yGrid =
| xGrid =
|x = 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19
|y = 2, 3, 4, 3, 5, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 25, 16, 22, 38, 22, 99, 53, 76, 46, 50, 79, 48, 148, 313, 152, 183, 152, 221, 155, 245, 206, 243, 194, 218, 136, 202, 161, 197, 196, 75, 214, 567, 274, 245, 314, 184, 275, 221, 416, 690, 508, 388, 397, 421, 701, 578, 468, 522, 757, 715, 666, 551, 1060, 858, 1072, 938, 1317, 1349, 1062, 1294, 985, 1362, 1216, 1214, 1248, 1277, 1085, 942, 1044, 993, 1471, 1332, 1585, 1782, 1734, 1261, 1487, 2136, 2174, 2310, 1593, 1929, 1519, 1560, 2054
|colors = #000000
}}

=== Daily new deaths ===
{{legend inline|#343132|New deaths per day}}
{{Graph:Chart
|height = 300
|width = 700
|xAxisTitle = Date
|xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = No. of deaths
|yAxisMin = 0
|type = line
|xType = date
| yGrid =
| xGrid =
|x = 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19
|y = 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 6, 5, 8, 0, 1, 4, 6, 2, 2, 1, 2, 4, 1, 6, 2, 4, 6, 1, 2, 7, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 8, 5, 6, 4, 6, 8, 6, 7, 7, 8, 6, 10
|colors = #343132
}}

=== Fatality rate ===
{{legend inline|#7F00FF|Fatality rate per day}}
{{Graph:Chart
| height = 300
| width = 700
| xAxisTitle = Date
| xAxisAngle = -90
|yAxisTitle = Case fatality rate
| yAxisMin = 0
| type = line
| xType = date
| xGrid =
| yGrid =
|x=
31 March 2020, 10 Apr 2020, 11 Apr 2020, 12 Apr 2020, 13 Apr 2020, 14 Apr 2020, 15 Apr 2020, 16 Apr 2020, 17 Apr 2020, 18 Apr 2020, 19 Apr 2020, 20 Apr 2020, 21 Apr 2020, 22 Apr 2020, 23 Apr 2020, 24 Apr 2020, 25 Apr 2020, 26 Apr 2020, 27 Apr 2020, 28 Apr 2020, 29 Apr 2020, 30 Apr 2020, 1 May 2020, 2 May 2020, 3 May 2020, 4 May 2020, 5 May 2020, 6 May 2020, 7 May 2020, 8 May 2020, 9 May 2020, 10 May 2020, 11 May 2020, 12 May 2020, 13 May 2020, 14 May 2020, 15 May 2020, 16 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 18 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 20 May 2020, 21 May 2020, 22 May 2020, 23 May 2020, 24 May 2020, 25 May 2020, 26 May 2020, 27 May 2020, 28 May 2020, 29 May 2020, 30 May 2020, 31 May 2020, 1 Jun 2020, 2 Jun 2020, 3 Jun 2020, 4 Jun 2020, 5 Jun 2020, 6 Jun 2020, 7 Jun 2020, 8 Jun 2020, 9 Jun 2020, 10 Jun 2020, 11 Jun 2020, 12 Jun 2020, 13 Jun 2020, 14 Jun 2020, 15 Jun 2020, 16 Jun 2020, 17 Jun 2020, 18 Jun 2020, 19 Jun 2020, 20 Jun 2020, 21 Jun 2020, 22 Jun 2020, 23 Jun 2020, 24 Jun 2020, 25 Jun 2020, 26 Jun 2020, 27 Jun 2020, 28 Jun 2020, 29 Jun 2020, 30 Jun 2020, 1 Jul 2020, 2 Jul 2020, 3 Jul 2020, 4 Jul 2020, 5 Jul 2020, 6 Jul 2020, 7 Jul 2020, 8 Jul 2020, 9 Jul 2020, 10 Jul 2020, 11 Jul 2020, 12 Jul 2020, 13 Jul 2020, 14 Jul 2020, 15 Jul 2020, 16 Jul 2020, 17 Jul 2020, 18 Jul 2020, 19 Jul 2020, 20 Jul 2020, 21 Jul 2020, 22 Jul 2020, 23 Jul 2020, 24 Jul 2020, 25 Jul 2020, 26 Jul 2020, 27 Jul 2020, 28 Jul 2020, 29 Jul 2020, 30 Jul 2020, 31 Jul 2020, 1 Aug 2020, 2 Aug 2020, 3 Aug 2020, 4 Aug 2020, 5 Aug 2020, 6 Aug 2020, 7 Aug 2020, 8 Aug 2020, 9 Aug 2020, 10 Aug 2020, 11 Aug 2020, 12 Aug 2020, 13 Aug 2020, 14 Aug 2020, 15 Aug 2020, 16 Aug 2020, 17 Aug 2020, 18 Aug 2020, 2020-08-19, 27 Oct 2020, 16 Nov 2020
|y=
0, 3.45, 3.45, 3.45, 3.23, 3.12, 3.12, 2.94, 2.94, 2.94, 2.94, 2.94, 2.94, 2.94, 2.86, 2.86, 2.86, 2.86, 2.86, 2.70, 2.70, 2.38, 2.38, 2.38, 2.38, 2.38, 2.27, 2.22, 3.77, 3.39, 3.23, 3.23, 3.12, 3.12, 2.53, 2.32, 2.25, 2.17, 2.00, 3.48, 2.96, 2.16, 1.90, 1.54, 1.16, 1.02, 0.73, 0.59, 0.51, 0.45, 0.38, 0.33, 0.29, 0.27, 0.26, 0.22, 0.19, 0.18, 0.16, 0.15, 0.18, 0.16, 0.18, 0.17, 0.22, 0.20, 0.19, 0.19, 0.18, 0.19, 0.18, 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, 0.15, 0.15, 0.14, 0.14, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.14, 0.14, 0.13, 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.12, 0.16, 0.18, 0.23, 0.23, 0.21, 0.22, 0.25, 0.24, 0.24, 0.23, 0.23, 0.24, 0.23, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.26, 0.25, 0.25, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.24, 0.25, 0.24, 0.24, 0.23, 0.24, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.20, 0.45
|colors=#7F00FF
}}

==Confirmed deaths==
{{bar box
| title = Age-wise COVID-19 deaths in Assam
| titlebar = #FF9933
| left1 = Age group
| right1 = Percent
| float = right
| bars =
{{bar percent|0-17|#3FE0D0|0.45}}
{{bar percent|18-40|#ffb6c1|12.22}}
{{bar percent|41-59|#FFD300|40.72}}
{{bar percent|60+|#790604|46.61}}
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width: 60%; font-size:85%"
! scope="col" width="10%" | Age group
! scope="col" width="10%" | Deaths
! scope="col" width="10%" | Male
! scope="col" width="10%" | Female
|-
! 0-17
| 1
| 0
| 1
|-
! 18-40
| 27
| 17
| 10
|-
! 41-59
| 90
| 76
| 14
|-
! 60+
| 103
| 80
| 23
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="1" | Total
! scope="col" | 221
! scope="col" | 173
! scope="col" | 48
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
|+ style="font-size:11pt;" |{{nowrap|Details for Assam's COVID-19 cases who died outside Assam}}
! Case order
! Age
! Gender
! Native
! Hospital admitted to
! style="width:60px;"| Place of Death
! style="width:100px;"| Status
! Note
|-
| 1
| 55
| Male
| [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]]
| [[Safdarjung Hospital]]
| {{flagdeco|India}} [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| {{failure|Died on 28 April}}
| A [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] personnel who was a Sub-Inspector from the 31 battalions died in Delhi's [[Safdarjung Hospital]] due to COVID-19. He tested coronavirus positive a week before his death.<ref>{{cite news |title=CRPF jawan died fighting coronavirus COVID-19, 1st such death in paramilitary forces |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/crpf-jawan-died-fighting-coronavirus-covid-19-1st-such-death-in-paramilitary-forces-amit-shah-assam-cm-express-condolences-2279830.html |access-date=30 April 2020 |work=Zee News |date=28 April 2020 |author=Ananya Das |archive-date=3 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503161433/https://zeenews.india.com/india/crpf-jawan-died-fighting-coronavirus-covid-19-1st-such-death-in-paramilitary-forces-amit-shah-assam-cm-express-condolences-2279830.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2
| —
| Male
| [[Hojai district|Hojai]]
| [[St George Hospital, Mumbai|Saint George Hospital]]
| {{flagdeco|India}} [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| {{failure|Died on 3 May}}
| A youth from Assam's Hojai district died in Mumbai's [[St George Hospital, Mumbai|Saint George Hospital]] due to COVID-19. He was admitted to Hospital three days before his death after he developed abdominal pain and diarrhea.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam youth dies of COVID-19 in Mumbai |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-youth-dies-of-covid-19-in-mumbai.html |access-date=6 May 2020 |work=Northeast Now |date=4 May 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728234319/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-youth-dies-of-covid-19-in-mumbai.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 3
| —
| Male
| [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]]
| —
| {{flagdeco|India}} [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| {{failure|Died on 16 May}}
| A man from Assam's [[Bokakhat]] died in Delhi due to COVID-19. The man went to Delhi for the cancer treatment of his wife, but both of them tested positive for COVID-19 later on. Though his wife survived, he died while he was under treatment.<ref>{{cite news |title=ASSAM MAN DIES OF COVID-19 IN DELHI |url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-assam-man-dies-of-covid-19-in-delhi/ |access-date=18 May 2020 |work=News Live |date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729024451/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-assam-man-dies-of-covid-19-in-delhi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 4
| 36
| Female
| [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]]
| [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|AIIMS]]
| {{flagdeco|India}} [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| {{failure|Died on 17 June}}
| The deceased was first admitted to two private hospitals due to the unavailability of beds in government hospitals but due to lack of testing facilities there, she was later admitted to AIIMS where she tested positive and later died from COVID-19 as the infection had already spread in her respiratory tract, which lead to allegations of medical negligence at both private hospitals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assamese Girl In Delhi Dies Of COVID19 |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/assamese-girl-in-delhi-dies-of-covid19/ |access-date=18 June 2020 |work=Pratidin Time |date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618011222/https://www.pratidintime.com/assamese-girl-in-delhi-dies-of-covid19/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 5
| 53
| Male
| [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]
| AIIMS, Jhajjar
| {{flagdeco|India}} [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| {{failure|Died on 28 June}}
| A [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] personnel who was a Sub-Inspector from the 9th battalion died due to COVID-19 on Sunday. The deceased undergone plasma therapy at Jhajjar AIIMS, where he was admitted.<ref>{{cite news |title=CRPF Jawan Succumbs to Covid-19, Death Toll in Central Force Now 9 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/crpf-jawan-succumbs-to-covid-19-death-toll-in-central-force-now-9-2691571.html |access-date=29 June 2020 |work=News18 |date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628202030/https://www.news18.com/news/india/crpf-jawan-succumbs-to-covid-19-death-toll-in-central-force-now-9-2691571.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===COVID-19 related deaths===

'''On 11 April''', a 30-year-old migrant worker from Assam's [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]] district reportedly committed suicide by cutting his throat at a government hospital in the city of [[Akola]] in [[Maharashtra]], where he was undergoing treatment for COVID-19. The man had tested positive for coronavirus after returning from the Tablighi Jamaat conference at Nizamuddin Markaz.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam Tablighi Jamaat Member Commits Suicide In Maharashtra |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/covid-19-assam-tablighi-jamaat-member-commits-suicide-in-maharashtra/ |access-date=12 April 2020 |work=Pratidin Time |date=11 April 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411211946/https://www.pratidintime.com/covid-19-assam-tablighi-jamaat-member-commits-suicide-in-maharashtra/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 PATIENT FROM ASSAM ALLEGEDLY COMMITS SUICIDE IN MAHARASHTRA |url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid-19-patient-from-assam-allegedly-commits-suicide-in-maharashtra/ |access-date=12 April 2020 |work=News Live |date=11 April 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411211948/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid-19-patient-from-assam-allegedly-commits-suicide-in-maharashtra/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''On 18 June''', A COVID-19 patient died at [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital]] (Barpeta) after he was critically injured while trying to abscond from the hospital. The deceased hails from [[Jogighopa]] in Bongaigaon district. The man was admitted to the hospital and was in ventilator after he got serious injuries in his head while escaping.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 Patient Sustains Head Injury, Dies At BMCH |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/covid-19-patient-sustains-head-injury-dies-at-bmch/ |access-date=19 June 2020 |work=Pratidin Time |date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621112243/https://www.pratidintime.com/covid-19-patient-sustains-head-injury-dies-at-bmch/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Under reportation of death related to COVID-19 ===

Official death from COVID-19 virus stand at 234 (as of 17-06-2021). These report are as per Urban death. Death related to rural Assam are sparse to unavailable.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://scroll.in/article/997683/assam-saw-28000-more-deaths-than-normal-in-months-when-first-wave-of-covid-19-struck | title=Assam saw 28,000 more deaths than normal in months when first wave of Covid-19 struck | newspaper=Scroll | date=2021-06-17 | access-date=17 June 2021 | archive-date=17 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617221839/https://scroll.in/article/997683/assam-saw-28000-more-deaths-than-normal-in-months-when-first-wave-of-covid-19-struck | url-status=live }}</ref>

== COVID-19 Vaccines with Approval for Emergency or Conditional Usage ==
[[File:The Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Dr. Harsh Vardhan visiting the GTB Hospital, Shahdara to review the preparedness of Dry Run of COVID-19 vaccine, in Delhi on January 02, 2021 (2).jpg|thumb|Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Dr. Harsh Vardhan]] visiting the GTB Hospital, Shahdara to review the preparedness of Dry Run of COVID-19 vaccine, in Delhi on January 02, 2021.]]

{{main|COVID-19 vaccine}}

===Covishield===

On January 1, 2021, the [[Drug Controller General of India]], approved the emergency or conditional use of [[AstraZeneca]]'s COVID-19 vaccine [[AZD1222]] (marketed as Covishield).<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 vaccine Covishield gets approval from DCGI's expert panel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-serum-institute-of-indias-covid-19-vaccine-covishield-likely-to-be-approved-for-emergency-use-in-india/article33472324.ece |access-date=4 January 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=1 January 2021 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103235007/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-serum-institute-of-indias-covid-19-vaccine-covishield-likely-to-be-approved-for-emergency-use-in-india/article33472324.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Covishield is developed by the [[University of Oxford]] and its spin-out company, [[Vaccitech]].<ref>{{cite news |title=AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine authorised for emergency supply in the UK |url=https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-authorised-in-uk.html |access-date=4 January 2021 |agency=AstraZeneca |publisher=AstraZeneca |date=30 December 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103103613/https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-authorised-in-uk.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It's a viral vector vaccine based on replication-deficient Adenovirus that causes cold in Chimpanzees.
It can be stored, transported and handled at normal refrigerated conditions (two-eight degrees Celsius/ 36-46 degrees Fahrenheit). It has a shelf-life of at least six months.

On 12 January 2021 first batches of Covishield vaccine was despatched from the [[Serum Institute of India]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-serum-institute-sends-out-first-vaccines-as-india-readies-for-covid-shots-2351052 |title=Stand By, India: Serum Institute Sends Out Vaccines, 1st Batch In Delhi |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=NDTV |date=12 January 2021 |archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112025012/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-serum-institute-sends-out-first-vaccines-as-india-readies-for-covid-shots-2351052 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Covaxin===
On January 2, 2021, [[BBV152]] (marketed as Covaxin), first indigenous vaccine, developed by [[Bharat Biotech]] in association with the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] and [[National Institute of Virology]] received approval from the Drug Controller General of India for its emergency or conditional usage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Expert panel recommends Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for restricted emergency use |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/expert-panel-clears-bharat-biotechs-covaxin-amid-uk-virus-strain-what-you-need-to-know-3240500.html |access-date=4 January 2021 |publisher=News18 |date=2 January 2021 |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102211356/https://www.news18.com/news/india/expert-panel-clears-bharat-biotechs-covaxin-amid-uk-virus-strain-what-you-need-to-know-3240500.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 14 January 2021 first batches of Covaxin vaccine was despatched from the Bharat Biotech, albeit it was still in the third phase of testing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/covaxin-delivery-starts-full-initial-procurement-allotted-7145380/ |title=Covaxin delivery starts, 'full initial procurement allotted' |access-date=14 January 2021 |publisher=Indian Express |date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113234017/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/covaxin-delivery-starts-full-initial-procurement-allotted-7145380/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Others===
On 19 May 2021, Dr Reddy's Labs received Emergency Use Authorisation for anti-COVID drug 2-DG.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/dr-reddys-confirms-emergency-use-authorisation-for-anti-covid-drug-2-dg-says-price-not-yet-fixed-6914241.html |title=Dr Reddy's confirms Emergency Use Authorisation for anti-COVID drug 2-DG, says price not yet fixed |access-date=20 May 2021 |publisher=Moneycontol |date=19 May 2021 |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519171047/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/dr-reddys-confirms-emergency-use-authorisation-for-anti-covid-drug-2-dg-says-price-not-yet-fixed-6914241.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 21 February, 2022, Drugs Controller General of India granted approval to Biological E's COVID-19 vaccine Corbevax, that can be used for children between 12 and 18 years of age.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/covid-vaccine-for-kids-approval-granted-to-covid-vaccine-corbevax-for-children-between-12-18-years-heres-all-we-know/articleshow/89727948.cms |title=Approval granted to COVID vaccine Corbevax for children between 12-18 years |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |work=Times of India |date=21 Feb 2022 |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222025355/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/covid-vaccine-for-kids-approval-granted-to-covid-vaccine-corbevax-for-children-between-12-18-years-heres-all-we-know/articleshow/89727948.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/biological-e-s-covid-vaccine-corbevax-receives-emergency-use-nod-for-children-aged12-18-yrs-101645446354414.html |title=Biological E's Covid vaccine Corbevax receives emergency use nod for children aged 12-18 yrs |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=21 Feb 2022 |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200804/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/biological-e-s-covid-vaccine-corbevax-receives-emergency-use-nod-for-children-aged12-18-yrs-101645446354414.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 21 October 2021, India completed administering of one billion Covid vaccines in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-administers-one-billion-covid-19-vaccine-doses-101634794885385.html |title=India scripts history, administers one billion Covid-19 vaccine doses |access-date=27 Oct 2021 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 Oct 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027015308/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-administers-one-billion-covid-19-vaccine-doses-101634794885385.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 8 January 2022, India crossed 1.5 billion Covid vaccines milestone in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-to-achieve-milestone-of-1-5-billion-anti-covid-jabs-today-says-pm-modi-101641551025378.html |title=India crosses 1.5 bn Covid vaccine doses, Modi terms it 'significant milestone' |access-date=9 Jan 2022 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=9 Jan 2022 |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108220743/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-to-achieve-milestone-of-1-5-billion-anti-covid-jabs-today-says-pm-modi-101641551025378.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 19 February 2022, India crossed 1.75 billion Covid vaccines milestone in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-covid-19-india-s-vaccination-coverage-crosses-175-crore-mark-covid-cases-coronavirus-covaxin-covishield-news-2935176 |title=COVID-19: India's vaccination coverage crosses 175 crore mark |access-date=26 Feb 2022 |publisher=DNA India |date=19 Feb 2022 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226095305/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-covid-19-india-s-vaccination-coverage-crosses-175-crore-mark-covid-cases-coronavirus-covaxin-covishield-news-2935176 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Timeline of cases ==

=== March 2020 ===
{{Sidebar timeline|title=Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in March|years1='''31 March'''|color1=tomato|events1=First confirmed case}}
The first confirmed case and coronavirus in Assam was reported on '''31 March 2020''' in Srigouri village of Badarpur, [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]], after a 52-year-old man returning from Nizamuddin Markaz tested positive at Silchar Medical College.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=1 April 2020|title=Assam's 1st Covid-19 patient visited Nizamuddin, 130 quarantined|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-assam-covid-19-patient-travelled-to-nizamuddin-1662092-2020-04-01|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404130922/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-assam-covid-19-patient-travelled-to-nizamuddin-1662092-2020-04-01|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== April 2020 ===
{{Sidebar timeline|title=Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in April|years1='''10 April'''|color1=black|events1=First death reported}}
* '''On 1 April''', four more people, three from [[Jagiroad]] and one from [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]], tested positive for coronavirus at [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|Gauhati Medical College and Hospital (GMCH)]], increasing the number of cases to 5. All five patients had attended the [[Tablighi Jamaat]] conference at Nizamuddin Markaz.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 April 2020|title=FIVE POSITIVE CORONAVIRUS CASES IN ASSAM, ALL VISITED NIZAMUDDIN MARKAZ: HIMANTA BISWA SARMA|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/five-positive-coronavirus-cases-in-assam-all-visited-nizamuddin-markaz-himanta-biswa-sarma/|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200817/https://newslivetv.com/five-positive-coronavirus-cases-in-assam-all-visited-nizamuddin-markaz-himanta-biswa-sarma/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, eight more patients from [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]] tested positive, bringing the total number to 13, all of whom had attended the Nizamuddin Markaz event.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 April 2020|title=Covid 19 Positive cases rises to 13|work=Protidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-13/|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=4 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704021449/https://www.pratidintime.com/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-13/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Ratnadip Choudhury|date=1 April 2020|title=Assam COVID-19 Cases Rise To 13, All Attended Delhi Mosque Event|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-13-all-attended-delhi-mosque-event-2204512|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401220140/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-13-all-attended-delhi-mosque-event-2204512|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 2 April''', three new coronavirus cases were detected in Assam. Three persons from [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] who had attended the Tablighi Jamat conference at Nizamuddin Markaz were diagnosed with coronavirus. The total number of coronavirus cases in Assam now numbered 16.<ref name=":32">{{cite news|date=1 April 2020|title=3 CORONAVIRUS CASES IN GOALPARA, TOTAL NUMBER RISES TO 16 IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/big-breaking-3-coronavirus-cases-in-goalpara-total-number-rises-to-16-in-assam/|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200811/https://newslivetv.com/big-breaking-3-coronavirus-cases-in-goalpara-total-number-rises-to-16-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 3 April''', four new coronavirus cases were detected in Assam's [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]] and [[South Salmara district|South Salmara]]. All had attended the conference at Nizamuddin Markaz.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 April 2020|title=Covid-19 Positive cases rise to 20|work=Pratidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-20/|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702045524/https://www.pratidintime.com/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-20/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2002"/> The same day, three more positive cases were confirmed, including the first case in [[Guwahati]], the state capital.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 April 2020|title=FIRST CORONAVIRUS POSITIVE CASE IN GUWAHATI|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/first-coronavirus-positive-case-in-guwahati/|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407170242/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/first-coronavirus-positive-case-in-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref> Two of these cases were connected with the event at Nizamuddin Markaz.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 April 2020|title=THREE MORE CORONAVIRUS CASES IN ASSAM, TOTAL NUMBER RISES TO 23|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-three-more-coronavirus-cases-in-assam-total-number-rises-to-23/|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407170241/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-three-more-coronavirus-cases-in-assam-total-number-rises-to-23/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 4 April''', a coronavirus case was confirmed in each of the following locations in Assam: [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]],<ref>{{cite news|date=4 April 2020|title=ONE MORE CORONAVIRUS CASE WITH NIZAMUDDIN LINK IN GOLAGHAT, TOTAL 24 IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/big-breaking-one-more-coronavirus-case-with-nizamuddin-link-in-golaghat-total-24-in-assam/|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407170227/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/big-breaking-one-more-coronavirus-case-with-nizamuddin-link-in-golaghat-total-24-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref> the town of [[North Lakhimpur]]<ref>{{cite news|date=4 April 2020|title=CORONAVIRUS POSITIVE CASE IN NORTH LAKHIMPUR, TOTAL NUMBER IN ASSAM RISES TO 25|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-coronavirus-positive-case-in-north-lakhimpur-total-number-in-assam-rises-to-25/|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201005/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-coronavirus-positive-case-in-north-lakhimpur-total-number-in-assam-rises-to-25/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 April 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID19 POSITIVE IN CACHAR, TOTAL 26 IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/big-breaking-one-more-covid19-positive-in-cachar-total-26-in-assam/|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200945/https://newslivetv.com/big-breaking-one-more-covid19-positive-in-cachar-total-26-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref> In all three cases, the patient had attended the conference at Nizamuddin Markaz.
* '''On 7 April''', a person linked to the same conference was diagnosed coronavirus-positive in [[Chapar, Dhubri|Chapar]],<ref name=":12">{{cite news|date=7 April 2020|title=JAMALUDDIN HAZI FROM DHUBRI IS ASSAM'S PATIENT NUMBER 27|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid19-jamaluddin-hazi-from-dhubri-is-assams-patient-number-27/|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407201244/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/covid19-jamaluddin-hazi-from-dhubri-is-assams-patient-number-27/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dhubri district.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 April 2020|title=Covid-19 positive cases in Assam increases to 27|work=Pratidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-increase-to-27/|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210931/https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-increase-to-27|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, one more COVID-19 case, in a person with a history of travel to Saudi Arabia who had also attended the Tablighi Jamaat conference, was detected in Assam's [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]] district.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 April 2020|title=Another positive case in Assam, count rises to 28|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-another-positive-case-in-assam-count-rises-to-28/article31285623.ece|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408032437/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-another-positive-case-in-assam-count-rises-to-28/article31285623.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> This was the first case in Assam of COVID-19 in a person who had travelled outside India.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 April 2020|title=ONE COVID19 POSITIVE CASE IN HAILAKANDI, TOTAL NUMBER IN ASSAM RISES TO 28|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/big-breaking-one-covid19-positive-case-in-hailakandi-total-number-in-assam-rises-to-28/|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407210743/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/big-breaking-one-covid19-positive-case-in-hailakandi-total-number-in-assam-rises-to-28/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 9 April''', a person was diagnosed coronavirus positive in [[Bilasipara]]<ref name=":52">{{cite news|date=9 April 2020|title=One more tests COVID-19 positive in Assam's Dhubri, tally rises to 29|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/04/09/one-more-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assams-dhubri-tally-rises-to-29/|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729000058/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/04/09/one-more-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assams-dhubri-tally-rises-to-29/|url-status=live}}</ref> at [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] district. The person had been in contact with a coronavirus patient from the same district, so this was a case of infection indirectly related to the Tablighi Jamaat conference.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 April 2020|title=ANOTHER COVID19 POSITIVE CASE IN DHUBRI, TOLL RISES TO 29 IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-another-covid19-positive-case-in-dhurbi-toll-rises-to-29-in-assam/|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201321/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-another-covid19-positive-case-in-dhurbi-toll-rises-to-29-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=9 April 2020|title=One more tested positive for covid 19 in assam total 29|work=Pratidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/one-more-tested-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-total-29/|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232902/https://www.pratidintime.com/one-more-tested-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-total-29/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 10 April''', Assam reported its first COVID-19-linked death in [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]] district. A 65-year-old man with pneumonia who had been to Saudi Arabia and then visited Nizamuddin Markaz died in the early morning at [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital]].<ref>{{cite news|date=10 April 2020|title=FIRST COVID19 DEATH IN ASSAM: HAILAKANDI PATIENT FAIJUL BARBHUYAN DIES|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/first-covid19-death-in-assam-hailakandi-patient-faijul-barbhuyan-dies/|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210935/https://newslivetv.com/first-covid19-death-in-assam-hailakandi-patient-faijul-barbhuyan-dies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 April 2020|title=Assam Records First COVID-19 Death|work=G plus|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/assam-records-first-covid-19-death|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728224655/https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/assam-records-first-covid-19-death|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 13 April''', another person linked to Nizamuddin Markaz tested positive for COVID-19 at [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital|Barpeta Medical College]] in Assam's [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] district.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 April 2020|title=One more tests positive for Covid-19, total rises to 30|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-one-more-tests-positive-for-covid-19-total-rises-to-30/articleshow/75119306.cms|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-one-more-tests-positive-for-covid-19-total-rises-to-30/articleshow/75119306.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 April 2020|title=HAJRAT ALI FROM DHUBRI IS ASSAM'S 30TH COVID19 PATIENT|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/hajrat-ali-from-dhubri-is-assams-30th-covid19-patient/|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200954/https://newslivetv.com/hajrat-ali-from-dhubri-is-assams-30th-covid19-patient/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, a patient from Assam's [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] district tested positive for COVID-19 after coming into contact with a person associated with Nizamuddin Markaz.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 April 2020|title=One more tests positive for Covid-19 in Assam, count 31|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/one-more-tests-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-count-31/articleshow/75134660.cms|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=15 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415054204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/one-more-tests-positive-for-covid-19-in-assam-count-31/articleshow/75134660.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=14 April 2020|title=Another Person from Assam's Goalpara District Tests Positive for Covid-19, State Tally Climbs to 31|work=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/man-from-assams-goalpara-district-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-state-tally-climbs-to-31-2576859.html|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420173554/https://www.news18.com/news/india/man-from-assams-goalpara-district-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-state-tally-climbs-to-31-2576859.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 14 April''', another person tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] district. The patient was the wife of a COVID-19-positive patient who had attended the Tablighi Jamaat conference and then travelled to an event at the Athgaon Kabristhan mosque which became a COVID-19 hotspot in Assam.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=14 April 2020|title=Wife of Covid-19 patient in Assam tests positive, state tally rises to 32 confirmed cases|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/wife-of-covid-19-patient-in-assam-tests-positive-state-tally-rises-to-32-confirmed-cases-1667013-2020-04-14|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200930/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/wife-of-covid-19-patient-in-assam-tests-positive-state-tally-rises-to-32-confirmed-cases-1667013-2020-04-14|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=14 April 2020|title=WOMAN FROM DHUBRI TESTS COVID19 POSITIVE, TOTAL NUMBER RISES TO 32 IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-woman-from-dhubri-tests-covid19-positive-total-number-rises-to-32-in-assam/|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726200936/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-woman-from-dhubri-tests-covid19-positive-total-number-rises-to-32-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 15 April''', two COVID-19 patients from [[Morigaon district|Morigaon]] district with links to the Tablighi Jamaat conference were reported recovered from the disease. They were released from Sonapur district hospital after their samples were found to be negative in repeated tests.<ref>{{cite news|author=Utpal Parashar|date=16 April 2020|title=First for Assam: Two Covid-19 patients recover; discharged from hospital|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/first-for-assam-two-covid-19-patients-recover-discharged-from-hospital/story-ws0OUsG3KNElQjsFPdLJfJ.html|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418044507/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/first-for-assam-two-covid-19-patients-recover-discharged-from-hospital/story-ws0OUsG3KNElQjsFPdLJfJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 April 2020|title=TWO COVID19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM SONAPUR HOSPITAL|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-two-covid19-patients-discharged-from-sonapur-hospital/|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201436/https://newslivetv.com/assam-two-covid19-patients-discharged-from-sonapur-hospital/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 16 April''', two people from Lahorighat in [[Morigaon district|Morigaon]] district tested positive for COVID-19. The patients had come into contact with a COVID-19-positive person who attended the Tablighi Jamaat conference.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 April 2020|title=Two more test positive for coronavirus in Assam; total climbs to 34|work=India TV|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assam-coronavirus-positive-cases-guwahati-covid19-news-608323|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417083659/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assam-coronavirus-positive-cases-guwahati-covid19-news-608323|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 April 2020|title=DC, SP, Jt Director of Health told to stay in home quarantine|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/covid-19-dc-sp-jt-director-of-health-told-to-stay-in-home-quarantine-120041601870_1.html|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421121751/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/covid-19-dc-sp-jt-director-of-health-told-to-stay-in-home-quarantine-120041601870_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, three COVID-19 patients from [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] district who had recovered from the disease were discharged from Goalpara Civil Hospital.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=16 April 2020|title=Five Covid-19 patients discharged in Assam in 24 hours|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/five-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam-in-24-hours-1667598-2020-04-16|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=19 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419174803/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/five-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam-in-24-hours-1667598-2020-04-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 April 2020|title=THREE COVID19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM GOALPARA CIVIL HOSPITAL|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-three-covid19-patients-discharged-from-goalpara-civil-hospital/|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201821/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-three-covid19-patients-discharged-from-goalpara-civil-hospital/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 17 April''', four more COVID-19 patients were reported recovered from the disease after their samples were found negative in four successive tests. All were from [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]] district and were linked with the Tablighi Jamaat conference. They were released from Swahid Kushal Konwar Civil Hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 April 2020|title=Assam discharges four more Covid-19 patients|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-outbreak-assam-discharges-four-more-covid-19-patients/cid/1765755|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801052627/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-outbreak-assam-discharges-four-more-covid-19-patients/cid/1765755|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 April 2020|title=4 COVID19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM GOLAGHAT CIVIL HOSPITAL|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-4-covid19-patients-discharged-from-golaghat-civil-hospital/|access-date=18 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201821/https://newslivetv.com/assam-4-covid19-patients-discharged-from-golaghat-civil-hospital/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 18 April''', Three more COVID-19 patients were discharged from two different hospitals. Two patients from Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospital in [[Guwahati]]<ref>{{cite news|date=18 April 2020|title=TWO COVID19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM MMCH, TOTAL 11 CURED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/two-covid19-patients-discharged-from-mmch-total-11-cured-in-assam/|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201821/https://newslivetv.com/two-covid19-patients-discharged-from-mmch-total-11-cured-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref> and one patient from [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital]]<ref>{{cite news|date=18 April 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID19 PATIENT DISCHARGED FROM SILCHAR MEDICAL COLLEGE, TOTAL 12 CURED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/one-more-covid19-patient-discharged-from-silchar-medical-college-total-12-cured-in-assam/|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201857/https://newslivetv.com/one-more-covid19-patient-discharged-from-silchar-medical-college-total-12-cured-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref> were released after their results of 3-4 successive tests came negative.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=18 April 2020|title=3 Covid-19 patients discharged from hospitals, total 12 recovered in Assam|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/3-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospitals-total-12-recovered-in-assam-1668374-2020-04-18|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501053433/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/3-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospitals-total-12-recovered-in-assam-1668374-2020-04-18|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 19 April''', Five more COVID-19 patients were discharged from two different hospitals. Four patients from Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospital in [[Guwahati]] and one patient from [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital]]<ref>{{cite news|author=Pranjal Baruah|date=20 April 2020|title=Five more Covid-19 patients recover in Assam|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-outbreak-five-more-covid-19-patients-recover-in-assam/cid/1766324|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801093216/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-outbreak-five-more-covid-19-patients-recover-in-assam/cid/1766324|url-status=live}}</ref> were released after their results of 3-4 successive tests came negative.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 April 2020|title=MANISH TIBREWAL DISCHARGED FROM GMCH, 4 OTHER PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM MMCH|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-manish-tibreal-discharged-from-gmch-4-other-patients-discharged-from-mmch/|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201822/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-manish-tibreal-discharged-from-gmch-4-other-patients-discharged-from-mmch/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=19 April 2020|title=5 more COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital in Assam|work=Business Standard|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/5-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospital-in-assam-120041900918_1.html|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726201819/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/5-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospital-in-assam-120041900918_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 20 April''', two more COVID-19 patients were discharged from two different hospitals. One patient from Sonapur Civil Hospital and one patient from Telahi Model Hospital in [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]] district were released after their results of 2-3 successive tests came negative.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 April 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID-19 PATIENT DISCHARGED FROM SONAPUR HOSPITAL, TOTAL 18 CURED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/one-more-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-sonapur-hospital-total-18-cured-in-assam/|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726212456/https://newslivetv.com/one-more-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-sonapur-hospital-total-18-cured-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 April 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID-19 PATIENT DISCHARGED FROM LAKHIMPUR HOSPITAL, 19 CURED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-one-more-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-lakhimpur-hospital-19-cured-in-assam/|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726210017/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-one-more-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-lakhimpur-hospital-19-cured-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 23 April''', another person tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Bilasipara]] at [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] district. The patient came in contact with a COVID-19-positive patient who had attended the Athgaon Kabristhan mosque event which became a COVID-19 hotspot in Assam.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 April 2020|title=Fresh Covid-19 case reported in Assam, count rises to 35|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/fresh-covid-19-case-reported-in-assam-count-rises-to-35/articleshow/75318694.cms|access-date=23 April 2020|archive-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424101703/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/fresh-covid-19-case-reported-in-assam-count-rises-to-35/articleshow/75318694.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 April 2020|title=MAN FROM DHUBRI TESTS COVID19 POSITIVE, TALLY RISES TO 35 IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-man-from-dhubri-tests-covid19-positive-tally-rises-to-35-in-assam/|access-date=23 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726202442/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-man-from-dhubri-tests-covid19-positive-tally-rises-to-35-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 26 April''', Eight more COVID-19 patients were discharged from two different hospitals. Four patients from Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospital in [[Guwahati]] and the other four from Golaghat Hospital were released after their results of 3-4 successive tests came negative.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 April 2020|title=8 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-8-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726202446/https://newslivetv.com/assam-8-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=26 April 2020|title=8 More Covid-19 Patients Discharged From Assam Hospital, Total Recovered Cases Stand at 27|work=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/8-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-assam-hospital-total-recovered-cases-stand-at-27-2593517.html|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726213504/https://www.news18.com/news/india/8-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-assam-hospital-total-recovered-cases-stand-at-27-2593517.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Prabin Kalita|date=26 April 2020|title=Assam Covid-19 recovery rate 77%, but first patient still positive|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-covid-19-recovery-rate-77-but-first-patient-still-positive/articleshow/75395399.cms|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427120947/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-covid-19-recovery-rate-77-but-first-patient-still-positive/articleshow/75395399.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 28 April''', A 16-year-old girl from [[North Salmara|Salmara]] in [[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]] district has tested positive for coronavirus. The girl is the secondary contact of a Nizamuddin Markaz attendee and also the youngest patient as of now.<ref>{{cite news|author=Utpal Parashar|date=28 April 2020|title=16-yr-old is Assam's youngest Covid-19 patient, state tally at 37|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/16-yr-old-is-assam-s-youngest-covid-19-patient-state-tally-at-36/story-5rfz46LGhGa9CZqjyqh1kJ.html|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429000833/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/16-yr-old-is-assam-s-youngest-covid-19-patient-state-tally-at-36/story-5rfz46LGhGa9CZqjyqh1kJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 April 2020|title=16 YEAR BONGAIGAON GIRL TESTS COVID-19 POSITIVE, TALLY RISES TO 36 IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-16-yea-bongaigaon-girl-tests-covid-19-positive-tally-rises-to-36-in-assam/|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726202455/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-16-yea-bongaigaon-girl-tests-covid-19-positive-tally-rises-to-36-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, a patient from Assam's [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] district has tested positive for COVID-19 who is also the secondary contact of a Nizamuddin Markaz attendee in Delhi.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 April 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASE FROM GOALPARA, TALLY IN ASSAM REACHES 37|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-one-more-covid-19-positive-case-from-goalpara-tally-in-assam-reaches-37/|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726202455/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-one-more-covid-19-positive-case-from-goalpara-tally-in-assam-reaches-37/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 April 2020|title=Two more Covid-19 cases take Assam count to 37|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-outbreak-two-more-covid-19-cases-take-assam-count-to-37/cid/1768808|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801073745/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/coronavirus-outbreak-two-more-covid-19-cases-take-assam-count-to-37/cid/1768808|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 29 April 2020''', two COVID-19 patients, one from [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] district and another from [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] district were reported recovered from the disease. They have been discharged from Mahendra Mohan Chourdhury Hospital in [[Guwahati]] after their samples were found to be negative in repeated tests.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 April 2020|title=TWO MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM MMCH, GUWAHATI|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-two-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-mmch-guwahati/|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726211022/https://newslivetv.com/assam-two-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-mmch-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 April 2020|title=Two More Patients Discharged|work=Pratidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/covid-19-two-more-patients-discharged/|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729002944/https://www.pratidintime.com/covid-19-two-more-patients-discharged/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 30 April''', four new COVID-19 positive cases detected in [[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]] district.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=30 April 2020|title=Four more Covid-19 positive cases in Assam, state tally rises to 41|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/four-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-state-tally-rises-to-41-1672851-2020-04-30|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726213507/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/four-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-state-tally-rises-to-41-1672851-2020-04-30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Utpal Parashar|date=30 April 2020|title=Bongaigaon district in Assam declared red zone after 4 new positive cases detected|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bongaigaon-district-in-assam-declared-red-zone-after-4-new-positive-cases-detected/story-cMQf1Cebpx4ZKBTL03fH4L.html|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501131233/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bongaigaon-district-in-assam-declared-red-zone-after-4-new-positive-cases-detected/story-cMQf1Cebpx4ZKBTL03fH4L.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, one more COVID-19 positive case was detected in [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]] district, making the state tally to 42. The patient came in contact with a COVID-19 positive patient from the same district, who was an attendee of the Nizamuddin Markaz event.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=1 May 2020|title=Assam reports one more Covid-19 case, state tally surges to 42|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-one-more-covid-19-case-state-tally-surges-to-42-1673044-2020-05-01|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501003446/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-one-more-covid-19-case-state-tally-surges-to-42-1673044-2020-05-01|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 April 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE FROM KARIMGANJ, ASSAM'S COUNT RISES TO 42|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/breaking-one-more-covid-19-positive-from-karimganj-assams-count-rises-to-42/|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726202435/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-one-more-covid-19-positive-from-karimganj-assams-count-rises-to-42/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== May 2020 ===
{{Sidebar timeline|title=Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in May|years1='''17 May'''|color1=tomato|events1=100 confirmed cases|years2='''25 May'''|color2=tomato|events2=500 confirmed cases|years3='''28 May'''|color3=green|events3=100 reported recoveries|years4='''29 May'''|color4=tomato|events4=1000 confirmed cases}}
* '''On 1 May''', three more COVID-19 patients were reported recovered from the disease. Two patients from Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospital and one patient from Golaghat Hospital have been discharged after their samples were found to be negative in repeated tests.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 May 2020|title=Four including Nagaland's first COVID-19 patient discharged from GMCH|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/01/assam-four-including-nagalands-first-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-gmch/|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501161823/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/01/assam-four-including-nagalands-first-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-gmch/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=1 May 2020|title=3 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-3-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502044044/https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/assam-3-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 5 May''', another person tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]] district, taking the state tally to 43. The person who tested positive was under containment zone.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=5 May 2020|title=Assam reports fresh coronavirus case, state tally surges to 43|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-fresh-coronavirus-case-state-tally-surges-to-43-1674689-2020-05-05|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726213509/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-fresh-coronavirus-case-state-tally-surges-to-43-1674689-2020-05-05|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=5 May 2020|title=ANOTHER PERSON TESTS COVID-19 POSITIVE FROM GOALPARA|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-another-person-tests-covid-19-positive-from-goalpara/|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505173646/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-another-person-tests-covid-19-positive-from-goalpara/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, one more person tested positive for coronavirus in [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]] district, taking the state tally to 44. The person who tested positive have a travel history of Cooch Behar in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 May 2020|title=Assam's COVID-19 count at 44|work=ANI|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/assams-covid-19-count-at-4420200505233210|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511231301/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/assams-covid-19-count-at-4420200505233210/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=5 May 2020|title=Kokrajhar resident tests positive for COVID-19; total 44|work=eastmojo.com|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/coronavirus-updates/2020/05/05/assam-kokrajhar-resident-tests-positive-for-covid-19-total-44|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729001600/https://www.eastmojo.com/coronavirus-updates/2020/05/05/assam-kokrajhar-resident-tests-positive-for-covid-19-total-44|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 6 May''', two more COVID-19 patients were reported recovered from the disease, including the first COVID-19 patient of Assam. One patient from Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospital and one patient from [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital]] have been discharged after their samples were found to be negative in repeated tests.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=6 May 2020|title=Assam's first Covid-19 patient discharged from hospital|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-s-first-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-hospital-1675112-2020-05-06|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514042033/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-s-first-covid-19-patient-discharged-from-hospital-1675112-2020-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=6 May 2020|title=Assam's first COVID-19 patient Jamaluddin discharged from hospital|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/06/assams-first-covid-19-patient-jamaluddin-discharged-from-hospital/|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514101040/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/06/assams-first-covid-19-patient-jamaluddin-discharged-from-hospital/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, a person tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district, taking the state tally to 45. The person who tested positive is a dreaded criminal against whom there are several cases. The person came to Silchar by bus from Ajmer where he visited the Ajmer Sharif. The person is a resident of [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]] district.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=6 May 2020|title=Assam reports one more coronavirus case, state tally mounts to 45|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-one-more-coronavirus-case-state-tally-mounts-to-45-1675165-2020-05-06|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514175345/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-one-more-coronavirus-case-state-tally-mounts-to-45-1675165-2020-05-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=MOST WANTED CAR LIFTER FARIDUL TESTS COVID-19 POSITIVE IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/most-wanted-car-lifter-faridul-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511005447/https://newslivetv.com/most-wanted-car-lifter-faridul-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Bikash Singh|date=7 May 2020|title=After Nizamuddin Markaz, people coming from Ajmer has become a major concern for Assam|work=Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nizamuddin-markaz-people-coming-from-ajmer-has-become-a-major-concern-for-assam-health-minister-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/75607602.cms|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726214011/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nizamuddin-markaz-people-coming-from-ajmer-has-become-a-major-concern-for-assam-health-minister-himanta-biswa-sarma/articleshow/75607602.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 7 May''', four people from [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 49. All the positive patients came to Silchar from Ajmer by bus. They came in contact with another person tested positive yesterday, who was travelling on the same bus with them.<ref>{{cite news|author=Prabin Kalita|date=7 May 2020|title=Ajmer Sharif returnees new worry for Assam govt|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/coronavirus-ajmer-sharif-returnees-new-worry-for-assam-govt/articleshow/75605770.cms|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511133321/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/coronavirus-ajmer-sharif-returnees-new-worry-for-assam-govt/articleshow/75605770.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=4 more test positive for coronavirus in Assam, cases mount to 49|work=ANI|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/4-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-assam-cases-mount-to-4920200507224335|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515142337/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/4-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-assam-cases-mount-to-4920200507224335/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, four more people from [[Guwahati]] tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 53. One patient from the four tested positive, came from outside Assam and was in home quarantine. Another patient is a doctor of [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|GMCH]] who is also a PG student of GMCH.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=Four new COVID-19 cases emerge in Guwahati|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/07/breaking-four-new-covid-19-cases-emerge-in-guwahati/|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512022049/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/07/breaking-four-new-covid-19-cases-emerge-in-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=4 persons test positive for coronavirus in Guwahati, tally reaches 53 in Assam|work=India TV|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/guwahati-coronavirus-cases-assam-covid-count-himanta-biswa-sarma-615132|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515200310/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/guwahati-coronavirus-cases-assam-covid-count-himanta-biswa-sarma-615132|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2020|title=Who Are The COVID-19 Patients In Guwahati|work=Pratidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/who-are-the-covid-19-patients-in-guwahati-read-here/|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511211713/https://www.pratidintime.com/who-are-the-covid-19-patients-in-guwahati-read-here/|url-status=live}}</ref> Late night, Assam reported its second COVID-19 death in Guwahati. A 16-year-old girl who had cancer died due to coronavirus on that day. Her swab tested positive for the virus after her death which was a serious mistake committed by the doctors by not testing her samples before her death.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=Assam registers 2nd COVID-19 death|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/07/breaking-assam-registers-2nd-covid-19-death/|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512035627/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/07/breaking-assam-registers-2nd-covid-19-death/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 8 May''', three more people from [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 56. All the positive patients also came to Silchar from Ajmer by bus. They came in contact with another person tested positive a day before yesterday, who was travelling on the same bus with them.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2020|title=3 more test COVID-19 positive in Assam; tally at 56|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/08/breaking-3-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam-tally-at-56/|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514143354/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/08/breaking-3-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam-tally-at-56/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2020|title=Three more coronavirus cases in Assam, total count 56|work=ANI|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/three-more-coronavirus-cases-in-assam-total-count-5620200508173245|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516154953/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/three-more-coronavirus-cases-in-assam-total-count-5620200508173245/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, two more people from [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 58. The patients tested positive have also came from Ajmer Sharif Dargah in Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2020|title=TWO MORE CASES DETECTED IN ASSAM, TOTAL RISES TO 58|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-two-more-cases-detected-in-assam-total-rises-to-58/|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513164454/https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-two-more-cases-detected-in-assam-total-rises-to-58/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2020|title=2 more tests COVID-19 positive in Assam|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/08/2-more-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726214014/https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/2-more-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the end of the day, one more people from [[Guwahati]] tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 59. The person who tested positive is a student of Regional Dental College in Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 May 2020|title=One more tests COVID-19 positive in Assam; tally at 59|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/09/breaking-one-more-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assam-tally-at-59/|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516012153/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/09/breaking-one-more-tests-covid-19-positive-in-assam-tally-at-59/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=8 May 2020|title=ONE MORE POSITIVE CASE IN ASSAM, TOTAL RISES TO 59|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-one-more-positive-case-in-assam-total-rises-to-59/|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513025819/https://newslivetv.com/covid-19-one-more-positive-case-in-assam-total-rises-to-59/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 9 May''', three more people tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]] district, taking the state tally to 62. The patients includes an Ambulance driver who drove the other two persons tested positive. The driver has been sent back to Mumbai while the other 2 positive patients are under treatment at [[Jorhat Medical College and Hospital|JMCH]].<ref>{{cite news|date=9 May 2020|title=Assam reports 3 more positive COVID-19 cases|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/09/assam-reports-3-more-positive-covid-19-cases/|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726203342/https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/assam-reports-3-more-positive-covid-19-cases/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=10 May 2020|title=Assam reports 2 new cases of Covid-19, state tally rises to 62|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-2-new-cases-of-covid-19-state-tally-rises-to-62-1676287-2020-05-10|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514084345/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-2-new-cases-of-covid-19-state-tally-rises-to-62-1676287-2020-05-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 11 May''', two more persons tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Guwahati]], taking the state tally to 64. One of them is originally from [[Morigaon district|Morigaon]] district who had tested positive in Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2020|title=TWO PERSONS TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE IN GUWAHATI|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-two-persons-test-covid-19-positive-in-guwahati/|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726214013/https://newslivetv.com/assam-two-persons-test-covid-19-positive-in-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2020|title=Assam COVID-19 Positive Cases Rise to 64; Two more tests Positive|work=The Sentinel|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-news/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-64-two-more-tests-positive-471781|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531133828/https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-news/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-64-two-more-tests-positive-471781|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, five more COVID-19 patients were reported recovered from the disease. All the patients have been discharged from Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospital (Guwahati), after their samples were found to be negative in repeated tests.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2020|title=5 more COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/11/assam-5-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospital/|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225635/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/11/assam-5-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospital/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2020|title=5 COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM MMCH|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-5-covid-19-patients-discharge-from-mmch/|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225435/https://newslivetv.com/assam-5-covid-19-patients-discharge-from-mmch/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 13 May''', 15 more persons tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Guwahati]], taking the state tally to 79. All the patients came in contact with another person tested positive a day before yesterday at Guwahati's [[Fancy Bazaar]].<ref>{{cite news|date=13 May 2020|title=Spike in Covid-19 cases in Assam, 15 more test positive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/spike-in-covid-19-cases-in-assam-15-more-test-positive/articleshow/75724929.cms|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514173359/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/spike-in-covid-19-cases-in-assam-15-more-test-positive/articleshow/75724929.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 May 2020|title=15 more tests COVID-19 positive in Guwahati, tally reaches 79 in Assam|work=India TV|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/guwahati-coronavirus-cases-fancy-bazar-assam-covid-count-himanta-biswa-sarma-616920|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-date=18 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518155739/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/guwahati-coronavirus-cases-fancy-bazar-assam-covid-count-himanta-biswa-sarma-616920|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 14 May''', seven more people from [[Guwahati]] tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 86. The persons who tested positive are cancer patients, heart patients and attendants who came from Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 May 2020|title=7 MORE TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-7-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728224617/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-7-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=14 May 2020|title=7 more test COVID-19 positive in Assam|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/14/breaking-7-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519233955/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/14/breaking-7-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 15 May''', one more COVID-19 patient reported recovered from the disease. The patient have been discharged from [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital|SMCH]] after the patient's sample found to be negative in repeated tests.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID-19 PATIENT DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-one-more-covid-19-patient-discharged/|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728234223/https://newslivetv.com/assam-one-more-covid-19-patient-discharged/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, three more people from [[Guwahati]] tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 89. One of the person was in quarantine at the Sarusajai stadium, and one was an indoor patient of GMCH and another has migrated to West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=16 May 2020|title=Assam reports three new Covid-19 cases, tally rises to 89|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-three-new-covid-19-cases-tally-rises-to-89-1678581-2020-05-16|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515213556/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-reports-three-new-covid-19-cases-tally-rises-to-89-1678581-2020-05-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2020|title=HIMANTA BISWA SARMA AT SARUSAJAI TO MONITOR TRANSIT OF COVID-19 PATIENT|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/guwahati-himanta-biswa-sarma-at-sarusajai-to-monitor-transit-of-covid-19-patient/|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225654/https://newslivetv.com/guwahati-himanta-biswa-sarma-at-sarusajai-to-monitor-transit-of-covid-19-patient/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 16 May''', two more people from [[Guwahati]] tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 91. The patients includes a barber and a cart-puller who came in contact with a migrant worker who worked in a potato godown and had tested positive a couple of days ago.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 May 2020|title=2 more test COVID-19 positive in Assam; cases rise to 91|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/2-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam-cases-rise-to-91/articleshow/75775850.cms|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129054426/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/2-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam-cases-rise-to-91/articleshow/75775850.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 May 2020|title=Two more test Covid-19 positive in Assam; cases rise to 91|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam-cases-rise-to-91/articleshow/75776351.cms|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517074155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam-cases-rise-to-91/articleshow/75776351.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, one more person from [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]] district tested positive for coronavirus, taking the state tally to 92.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 May 2020|title=ONE TESTS COVID-19 POSITIVE FROM SONITPUR|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-one-tests-covid-19-positive-from-sonitpur/|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232844/https://newslivetv.com/assam-one-tests-covid-19-positive-from-sonitpur/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 17 May''', two more people from [[Guwahati]] tested positive for coronavirus, increasing the number of cases to 94. The patients have been shifted to Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospital in Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 May 2020|title=Two more test COVID-19 positive in Guwahati, tally reaches 94|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/17/assam-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-guwahati-tally-reaches-94/|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728233055/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/17/assam-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-guwahati-tally-reaches-94/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=AMID RAIN HIMANTA BISWA SARMA MONITORS COVID-19 PATIENTS' EVACUATION|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/guwahati-amid-rain-himanta-biswa-sarma-monitors-covid-19-patients-evacuation/|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523155423/https://newslivetv.com/guwahati-amid-rain-himanta-biswa-sarma-monitors-covid-19-patients-evacuation/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, one more person from [[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar]] district tested positive for coronavirus, taking the state tally to 95. The patient is a young boy who tested positive at Jorhat quarantine centre.<ref>{{cite news|title=SIVASAGAR BOY TESTS COVID-19 POSITIVE, ASSAM'S TALLY REACHES 95|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-sivasagar-boy-tests-covid-19-positive-assams-tally-reaches-95/|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523153851/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-sivasagar-boy-tests-covid-19-positive-assams-tally-reaches-95/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, another person tested positive for COVID-19 in [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]] district, taking the state tally to 96. The patient is a nine-year-old boy who returned from Delhi with his family and came in contact with another patient tested positive earlier in the day.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 May 2020|title=9-YEAR OLD CHILD TESTS COVID-19 POSITIVE AT JORHAT|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-3-year-old-baby-tests-covid-19-positive-at-jorhat/|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524040359/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-3-year-old-baby-tests-covid-19-positive-at-jorhat/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Smita Bhattacharyya|date=17 May 2020|title=9-year-old boy tests positive in Assam; tally rises to 96|work=Northeast Now|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/covid-19-9-year-old-boy-tests-positive-in-assam-tally-rises-to-91.html|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523183501/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/covid-19-9-year-old-boy-tests-positive-in-assam-tally-rises-to-91.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, another person tested positive for coronavirus in [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district, taking the state tally to 97. The patient, a 28-year-old, had returned from Chennai yesterday and has been sent to [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital|SMCH]] after he tested positive today.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 May 2020|title=Assam registers one more COVID19 positive case, state count rises to 97|work=Northeast Now|url=https://nenow.in/health/assam-registers-one-more-covid19-positive-case-state-count-rises-to-97.html|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726214019/https://nenow.in/health/assam-registers-one-more-covid19-positive-case-state-count-rises-to-97.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 May 2020|title=6 persons test positive for COVID-19 in Assam; total cases reach 97|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/6-persons-test-positive-for-covid19-in-assam-total-cases-reach-97/1837593|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728233138/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/6-persons-test-positive-for-covid19-in-assam-total-cases-reach-97/1837593|url-status=live}}</ref> Late Night, three more people tested positive for coronavirus at Sarusajai Quarantine Centre in [[Guwahati]], taking the state tally to 100. The patients tested positive are returnees from other parts of the country, two from Mumbai and one from Bihar.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 May 2020|title=Assam COVID-19 Positive Cases Rise to 100; Three more test Positive|work=The Sentinel|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-100-three-more-test-positive-477377|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606162012/https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assam-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-100-three-more-test-positive-477377|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Shoubhik Roy Choudhury|date=17 May 2020|title=3 more COVID-19 positive in Assam, state tally reaches 100|work=East Mojo|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/coronavirus-updates/2020/05/17/3-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-state-tally-reaches-100|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729001137/https://www.eastmojo.com/coronavirus-updates/2020/05/17/3-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-state-tally-reaches-100|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 18 May''', two more persons, one from [[Titabor]] in [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]] district and another from [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]] district, tested positive for coronavirus. Both of them tested positive at quarantine centres.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=Assam records third COVID-19 death, number of cases rises to 102|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-records-third-covid19-death-number-of-cases-rises-to-102/1838132|access-date=18 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235217/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-records-third-covid19-death-number-of-cases-rises-to-102/1838132|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=2 MORE TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE, STATE TALLY REACHES 102|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-2-more-test-covid-19-positive-state-tally-reaches-102/|access-date=18 May 2020|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526185439/https://newslivetv.com/assam-2-more-test-covid-19-positive-state-tally-reaches-102/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, two more persons tested positive for coronavirus in [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]] district.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=TWO MORE TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE IN GOLAGHAT, ASSAM'S TALLY TOUCHES 104|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-golaghat-assams-tally-touches-104/|access-date=18 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726214017/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-golaghat-assams-tally-touches-104/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, Assam registers its third COVID-19 death after a cancer patient, who returned from Mumbai, died at the [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|GMCH]].<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=Assam registers third COVID-19 death; 2 more test positive|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/18/assam-registers-third-covid-19-death-2-more-test-positive/|access-date=18 May 2020|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525000804/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/18/assam-registers-third-covid-19-death-2-more-test-positive/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, two more persons tested positive for coronavirus in [[Cachar district|Cachar]] district, taking the state tally to 106.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=TWO MORE TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE IN CACHAR, ASSAM'S COUNT RISES TO 106|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-cachar-assams-count-rises-to-106/|access-date=18 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728234250/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-cachar-assams-count-rises-to-106/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, two more persons tested positive for coronavirus in [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]] district.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=TWO MORE TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE IN GOLAGHAT, ASSAM'S COUNT REACHES 108|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-golaghat-assams-count-reaches-108/|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525030013/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-golaghat-assams-count-reaches-108/|url-status=live}}</ref> Late night, seven more persons tested positive for coronavirus in [[Guwahati]], taking the state tally to 115. Three of them tested positive at Sarusajai quarantine centre, another three are related with potato godown at Fancy Bazaar containment zone and one of them died at GMCH prior to detection, which resulted in a 2nd COVID-19 death in a single day taking the total death toll to 4.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=7 more test positive for COVID-19 in Guwahati|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/18/7-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-guwahati/|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525000902/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/18/7-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 19 May''', 42 more persons; 20 from Guwahati, 7 from Kamrup, 2 each from [[Hojai district|Hojai]], [[Biswanath district|Biswanath]], Nalbari, Jorhat, Golaghat, Karimganj, [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]] and 1 from Kokrajhar, tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the total tally to 157. The patients includes returnees from Chennai and Darjeeling.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=6 MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES IN ASSAM, TALLY RISES TO 121|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-6-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-tally-rises-to-121/|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231508/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-6-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-tally-rises-to-121/|url-status=live}}</ref> It also includes a two-month-old baby.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} Two of the patients are contacts of a cancer patient died yesterday<ref>{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=6 MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE IN ASSAM, 3 FROM GUWAHATI|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-6-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-3-from-guwahati/|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528063943/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-6-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-3-from-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref> and remaining cases are from Sarusajai quarantine centre.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=13 more test COVID-19 positive in Assam|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/19/breaking-13-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232425/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/19/breaking-13-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=3 more positive COVID-19 cases detected at Sarusajai, Guwahati|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/19/assam-3-more-positive-covid-19-cases-detected-at-sarusajai-guwahati/|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729020120/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/19/assam-3-more-positive-covid-19-cases-detected-at-sarusajai-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 20 May''', 28 more persons; 15 from Guwahati, 8 from Hojai, 2 from Sonitpur, 1 each from Karimganj, Kamrup and Nagaon tested positive for coronavirus, taking the state tally to 185. Most of the patients tested positive at the respective quarantine centres. The same day, 7 patients; 4 from [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital|SMCH]], 2 from [[Jorhat Medical College and Hospital|JMCH]] and 1 PG student from [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|GMCH]] were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 May 2020|title=ONE MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE IN ASSAM, COUNT RISES TO 171|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-one-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-count-rises-to-171/|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729001427/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-one-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-count-rises-to-171/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 May 2020|title=14 MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES AT SARUSAJAI, GUWAHATI|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-14-more-covid-19-positive-cases-at-sarusajai-guwahati/|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231519/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-14-more-covid-19-positive-cases-at-sarusajai-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 21 May''', 25 more persons; 5 each from Sonitpur and Kokrajhar, 4 from [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]], 2 each from Lakhimpur, Sivasagar, Dhubri and [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]], 1 each from [[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh]], [[Darrang district|Darrang]], and [[Udalguri district|Udalguri]] tested positive for coronavirus, taking the state tally to 210.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 May 2020|title=7 TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE AT TEZPUR UNIVERSITY QUARANTINE CENTRE, ASSAM'S TALLY REACHES 210|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-7-test-covid-19-positive-at-tezpur-university-quarantine-centre-assams-tally-reaches-210/|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531083458/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-7-test-covid-19-positive-at-tezpur-university-quarantine-centre-assams-tally-reaches-210/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, 6 persons; 4 from SMCH and 2 from MMCH, were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} Most of the patients tested positive are from the respective quarantine centres at Guwahati, Kokrajhar, Tezpur and remaining tested positive at Barpeta Medical College.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 May 2020|title=One more Covid-19 case in Assam, state tally reaches 189|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/one-more-covid-19-case-in-assam-state-tally-reaches-189/articleshow/75861935.cms|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=7 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215753/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/one-more-covid-19-case-in-assam-state-tally-reaches-189/articleshow/75861935.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=21 May 2020|title=COVID-19 cases nears 200-mark; tally at 191|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/21/assam-covid-19-cases-nears-200-mark-tally-at-191/|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729001440/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/21/assam-covid-19-cases-nears-200-mark-tally-at-191/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=21 May 2020|title=EIGHT MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES TAKE ASSAM'S TALLY TO 199|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-eight-more-covid-19-positive-cases-take-assams-tally-to-199/|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609183116/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-eight-more-covid-19-positive-cases-take-assams-tally-to-199/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 22 May''', 49 more persons; 27 from Guwahati, 8 from Cachar, 6 from Sonitpur, 3 from Sivasagar, 1 each from Hailakandi, Lakhimpur, Udalguri, Nagaon and Tinsukia tested positive for coronavirus, taking the state tally to 259.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=THREE MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES IN ASSAM, TALLY RISES TO 259|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-three-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-tally-rises-to-259/|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610080734/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-three-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-tally-rises-to-259/|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the patients tested positive are from the respective quarantine centres at Tezpur, Jorhat,{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} Silchar<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=Assam reports two more positive cases of COVID-19|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/22/assam-reports-two-more-positive-cases-of-covid-19/|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231213/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/22/assam-reports-two-more-positive-cases-of-covid-19/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Guwahati<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=26 more test COVID-19 positive at Sarusajai, Guwahati|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/22/breaking-assam-26-more-test-covid-19-positive-at-sarusajai-guwahati/|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=30 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530104747/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/05/22/breaking-assam-26-more-test-covid-19-positive-at-sarusajai-guwahati/|url-status=live}}</ref> and remaining tested positive at [[Silchar Medical College and Hospital|SMCH]] and MMCH.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=SIX TEST COVID-19 POSITIVE AT TEZPUR, ASSAM'S TALLY AT 222|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-six-test-covid-19-positive-at-tezpur-assams-tally-at-222/|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728233931/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-six-test-covid-19-positive-at-tezpur-assams-tally-at-222/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=EIGHT MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE IN ASSAM, TOTAL RISES TO 230|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-eight-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-total-rises-to-230/|access-date=23 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225314/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-eight-more-covid-19-positive-in-assam-total-rises-to-230/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 23 May''', 87 more persons; 2 from [[Tripura]], 44 from Guwahati, 7 from [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]], 6 from Hojai, 5 from Cachar, 4 each from Morigaon, [[Chirang district|Chirang]] and [[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]], 3 from Hailakandi, 2 from Nalbari, 1 each from Dhubri, Nagaon, Hojai, Golaghat, Jorhat, Goalpara, tested positive for coronavirus, taking the total tally to 346. Most of the patients tested positive are from the respective quarantine centres at Guwahati and Dhubri. The same day, 3 persons; 1 from MMCH and 2 from GMCH were reported recovered from the disease (including one dentist) and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 May 2020|title=DR DEEPA DEKA DISCHARGED FROM GMCH AFTER TESTING COVID-19 NEGATIVE|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/guwahati-dr-deepa-deka-discharged-from-gmch-after-testing-negative/|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615191240/https://newslivetv.com/guwahati-dr-deepa-deka-discharged-from-gmch-after-testing-negative/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 May 2020|title=53 NEW COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES IN ASSAM, COUNT JUMPS TO 319|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-53-new-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-count-jumps-to-319/|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231516/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-53-new-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-count-jumps-to-319/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 May 2020|title=WITH 10 NEW COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES ASSAM'S COUNT RISES TO 329|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-with-10-new-covid-19-positive-cases-assams-count-rises-to-329/|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728224612/https://newslivetv.com/assam-with-10-new-covid-19-positive-cases-assams-count-rises-to-329/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 May 2020|title=Assam COVID-19 Cases Rise to 346; Seventeen more test Positive|work=The Sentinel|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-346-seventeen-more-test-positive-478485|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610071000/https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-346-seventeen-more-test-positive-478485|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 24 May''', 46 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 392. Most of the patients tested positive were in quarantine in the respective quarantine centres in Assam.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 May 2020|title=14 MORE COVID-19 POSITIVE CASES IN ASSAM, TALLY STANDS AT 392|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/breaking-14-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-tally-stands-at-392/|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726214018/https://newslivetv.com/breaking-14-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-assam-tally-stands-at-392/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 25 May''', 156 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 548.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 May 2020|title=Assam breaches 500-mark in COVID-19 cases, 156 new infections|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-breaches-500-mark-in-covid-19-cases-156-new-infections/articleshow/75984805.cms|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604214248/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-breaches-500-mark-in-covid-19-cases-156-new-infections/articleshow/75984805.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day five patients, three from GMCH and two from JMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 May 2020|title=5 COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM GMCH, JMCH|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-5-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-gmch-jmch/|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531211105/https://newslivetv.com/assam-5-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-gmch-jmch/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 26 May''', 134 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 682. Most of the patients tested positive are returnees from various states and were in quarantine in the respective quarantine centres in Assam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Only institutional-quarantine for incoming passengers, no home-quarantine allowed|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/only-institutionalquarantine-for-incoming-passengers-no-homequarantine-allowed-assam-govt/1847013|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232804/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/only-institutionalquarantine-for-incoming-passengers-no-homequarantine-allowed-assam-govt/1847013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 27 May''', 101 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 783.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam COVID-19 Cases Rise to 783; Nine more test Positive|work=The Sentinel|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-783-nine-more-test-positive-479274|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225957/https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-783-nine-more-test-positive-479274|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 25 patients, 22 from MMCH, two from SMCH and one from JMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 May 2020|title=25 COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM HOSPITALS|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-25-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospitals/|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231510/https://newslivetv.com/assam-25-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-hospitals/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 28 May''', 97 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 880.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam COVID-19 Cases Rise to 880; Twenty-Four more test Positive|work=The Sentinel|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-880-twenty-four-more-test-positive-479465|access-date=29 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728225635/https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/assam-covid-19-cases-rise-to-880-twenty-four-more-test-positive-479465|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 16 patients, 15 from MMCH and one from SMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 May 2020|title=16 COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM MMCH, SMCH|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-16-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-mmch-smch/|access-date=29 May 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629200213/https://newslivetv.com/assam-16-covid-19-patients-discharged-from-mmch-smch|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 29 May''', 177 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 1,057.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 May 2020|title=Assam suffers largest single-day spike with 177 cases, crosses 1000-mark|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-suffers-largest-singleday-spike-with-177-cases-crosses-1000mark-officials/1850372|access-date=29 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728230057/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-suffers-largest-singleday-spike-with-177-cases-crosses-1000mark-officials/1850372|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 22 patients, 12 from MMCH, 6 from GMCH, 3 from SMCH and 1 from JMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 May 2020|title=16 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-16-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231505/https://newslivetv.com/assam-16-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 30 May''', 159 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 1,216.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 May 2020|title=1216: ASSAM'S LATEST NUMBER|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/1216-assams-latest-number/|access-date=31 May 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728224619/https://newslivetv.com/1216-assams-latest-number/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 38 patients, 14 from SMCH, 11 from MMCH, 8 from FAAMC, 3 from JMCH and 2 from GMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 May 2020|title=38 COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-38-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=31 May 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729022322/https://newslivetv.com/assam-38-covid-19-patients-discharged/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 31 May''', 145 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 1,361.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 June 2020|title=Assam detects 22 more COVID-19 cases, count nears 1400|work=Insidene|url=https://www.insidene.com/assam-detects-22-more-covid-19-cases-count-nears-1400/|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615093448/https://www.insidene.com/assam-detects-22-more-covid-19-cases-count-nears-1400/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 22 patients, 16 from MMCH, 4 from SMCH and 2 from JMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

=== June 2020 ===
{{Sidebar timeline|title=Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in June|events5=Announced lockdown in 11 wards in [[Guwahati]] till 7 July|color9=green|years9='''28 June'''|events8=Announced complete lockdown in Guwahati till 12 July|color8=brown|years8='''28 June'''|events7=10 reported deaths|color7=black|years7='''27 June'''|events6=Announced weekend lockdown in urban centres except Guwahati|color6=brown|years6='''27 June'''|color5=brown|years1='''5 June'''|years5='''23 June'''|events4=5000 confirmed cases|color4=tomato|years4='''19 June'''|events3=Reported recoveries surpassed active cases|color3=green|years3='''15 June'''|events2=1000 reported recoveries|color2=green|years2='''9 June'''|events1=500 reported recoveries|color1=green|events9=5000 reported recoveries}}
* '''On 1 June''', 124 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 1,485.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 June 2020|title=22 new corona positive cases in assam raised covid19 tally to 1,485|work=Northeast Update|url=https://northeastupdate.in/22-new-corona-positive-cases-in-assam-raised-covid-19-tally-1485/|access-date=2 June 2020|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614153219/https://northeastupdate.in/22-new-corona-positive-cases-in-assam-raised-covid-19-tally-1485/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 99 patients, 46 from Kalapahar Hospital, 22 from MMCH, 13 from TMCH, 8 from SMCH, 7 from JMCH, 2 from FAAMC and 1 from AMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|date=2 June 2020|title=Assam reports 102 new cases, state's tally surges to 1,463|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-assam-reports-102-new-cases-state-tally-surges-1-463-1684489-2020-06-02|access-date=2 June 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610061058/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-assam-reports-102-new-cases-state-tally-surges-1-463-1684489-2020-06-02|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 2 June''', 76 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 1,561.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 June 2020|title=Assam Covid Count : 76 positive cases reported on Tuesday, tally 1561|work=South Asia News|url=http://southasiaviews.com/2020/06/03/assam-covid-count-76-positive-cases-reported-on-tuesday-tally-1561/}}</ref> The same day 53 patients, 18 from SMCH,.12 from Golaghat District Hospital, 10 from GMCH, 9 from MMCH, 2 from FAAMCH and 1 each from [[Diphu Medical College and Hospital|DMCH]] and Dhemaji District Hospital were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 June 2020|title=13 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/13-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam/|access-date=3 June 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232846/https://newslivetv.com/13-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 3 June''', 269 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 1,830.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 June 2020|title=74 more test COVID19 positive in Assam, state count rises to 1,830|work=Northeast Now|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/74-more-test-covid19-positive-in-assam-state-count-rises-to-1830.html|access-date=4 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603195911/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/74-more-test-covid19-positive-in-assam-state-count-rises-to-1830.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 76 patients, 39 from Sonapur Civil Hospital, 10 from FAAMCH, 7 from Dima Hasao Civil Hospital, 4 from GMCH, 3 from JMCH, 2 from SMCH, 1 from MMCH, 5 each from Golaghat and Lakhimpur civil hospital were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 June 2020|title=67 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/67-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam/|access-date=4 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603195039/https://newslivetv.com/67-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 June 2020|title=9 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/9-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam/|access-date=4 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603195122/https://newslivetv.com/9-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 4 June''', 285 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 2,115.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 June 2020|title=WITH 42 NEW CASES, ASSAM'S COVID-19 COUNT RISES TO 2115|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/with-42-new-cases-assams-covid-19-count-rises-to-2115/|access-date=5 June 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604203126/https://newslivetv.com/with-42-new-cases-assams-covid-19-count-rises-to-2115/|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 46 patients, 15 from Sonapur hospital, 14 from MMCH, 5 from FAAMCH, 4 from SMCH, 3 from Golaghat hospital, 1 from GMCH, 2 each from Dhemaji civil and district hospital were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 June 2020|title=COVID-19 cases cross 2,000-mark in Assam|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-cases-cross-2000-mark-in-assam/articleshow/76204116.cms|access-date=4 June 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604203127/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-cases-cross-2000-mark-in-assam/articleshow/76204116.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 5 June''', 128 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 2,243.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=Assam reports 128 new COVID-19 cases|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-reports-128-new-covid-19-cases/articleshow/76225252.cms|access-date=5 June 2020|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605200912/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-reports-128-new-covid-19-cases/articleshow/76225252.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day 50 patients, 13 from MMCH, 6 from Golaghat hospital, 5 from JMCH, 3 from AMCH, 1 from SMCH and 11 each from FAAMCH & TMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 June 2020|title=39 more patients discharged in Assam|work=Northeast Live|url=https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/06/05/covid-19-update-39-more-patients-discharged-in-assam/|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605200921/https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/06/05/covid-19-update-39-more-patients-discharged-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=5 June 2020|title=With 11 more discharged number of recovered patients cross 500 in Assam|work=way2barak.com|url=https://way2barak.com/with-11-more-discharged-number-of-recovered-patients-cross-500-in-assam/|access-date=5 June 2020|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605200915/https://way2barak.com/with-11-more-discharged-number-of-recovered-patients-cross-500-in-assam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 6 June''', 230 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 2,473. The same day 79 patients, 23 from Kalapahar hospital, 10 each from MMCH & Nagaon district hospital, 8 from GMCH, 7 each from JMCH & TMCH, 5 from Nalbari district hospital, 4 from Karimganj district hospital, 3 from SMCH and 2 from DMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 June 2020|title=Assam crosses 2400-mark with 230 new cases; total rises to 2,473|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-assam-crosses-2400mark-with-230-new-cases-total-rises-to-2473/1858383|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606195931/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-assam-crosses-2400mark-with-230-new-cases-total-rises-to-2473/1858383|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 7 June''', 208 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 2,681.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 June 2020|title=COVID-19 cases in Assam rise to 2,681|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-in-assam-rise-to-2681/1859125}}</ref> The same day 48 patients, 13 from SMCH, 12 from Nagaon hospital, 5 from Hailakandi hospital, 4 each from Morigaon hospital & DMCH, 2 each from Udalguri hospital, Singimari hospital, FAAMCH & JMCH and 1 each from MMCH & AMCH were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 June 2020|title=27 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED IN ASSAM|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/27-more-covid-19-patients-discharged-in-assam/|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=21 patients discharged from 5 hospitals in assam total active cases 1922|work=way2barak.com|url=https://way2barak.com/21-patients-discharged-from-5-hospitals-in-assam-total-active-cases-1922/|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 8 June''', 154 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 2,835. The same day 148 patients, 45 from Golaghat hospital, 26 from JMCH, 17 from Kalapahar hospital, 15 from FAAMCH, 10 from Kokrajhar hospital, 9 from TMCH, and 6 from Tinsukia hospital, 4 patients each from GMCH, SMCH & MMCH, 3 from Karimganj hospital, 2 each from DMCH & Bongaigaon hospital and 1 from Dhemaji hospital were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 June 2020|title=Assam breaches 2,800-mark in COVID-19 cases; 154 new patients|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/09/cal32-as-virus-2nd-ld.html}}</ref> The same day, Assam reported its 5th death in Karbi Anglong.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 June 2020|title=Quarantined Patient Dead In Assam|work=Pratidin Time|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/covid19-quarantined-patient-dead-in-assam/|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 9 June''', 215 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 3,050. The same day 313 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|date=10 June 2020|title=One more dies of virus in Assam as infection tally crosses 3,000-mark|work=Devdiscource|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/health/1085953-one-more-dies-of-virus-in-assam-as-infection-tally-crosses-3000-mark|access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 10 June''', 235 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 3,285. The same day 152 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from the hospital. Assam also reported its sixth death due to COVID-19 the same day.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 June 2020|title=Assam reports 235 fresh COVID-19 cases; tally rises to 3,285|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-reports-235-fresh-covid-19-cases-tally-rises-to-3285/articleshow/76310945.cms}}</ref>
* '''On 11 June''', 145 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 3,430. The same day 183 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 June 2020|title=Assam reports nearly 150 new COVID-19 cases total now 3430|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/12/cal39-as-virus-ld-cases.html}}</ref>
* '''On 12 June''', 263 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 3,693. The same day 152 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals. Assam also reported two deaths, taking the total death toll to 8.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 June 2020|title=Assam reports 2 more COVID-19 deaths toll now 8 case count nears 3700|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/13/cal22-as-virus-ld-cases.html}}</ref>
* '''On 13 June''', 207 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 3,900.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 June 2020|title=Assam's coronavirus infection tally reaches 3 900 with 207 new cases|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/14/cal20-as-virus-ld-cases.html}}</ref> The same day 221 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 June 2020|title=21 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-21-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 June 2020|title=200 COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-200-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 14 June''', 218 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 4,118. The same day 155 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19 cases in Assam rise to 4,118|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-cases-in-assam-rise-to-4118/articleshow/76376503.cms|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 15 June''', 191 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 4,309. The same day 245 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=191 more people test positive for COVID-19 in Assam tally rises to 4 309|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/16/cal23-as-virus-ld-cases.html|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 16 June''', 201 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 4,510. The same day 206 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports 201 fresh COVID-19 cases; count rises to 4,510|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-reports-201-fresh-covid-19-cases-count-rises-to-4510/articleshow/76413970.cms|access-date=17 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 17 June''', 184 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 4,694. The same day 231 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=184 new COVID-19 cases in Assam, tally rises to 4,694|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/184-new-covid-19-cases-in-assam-tally-rises-to-4694/articleshow/76434479.cms|access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 18 June''', Assam reported its ninth COVID-19 death while the total cases rises to 4,904. The same day 194 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19 death toll in Assam rises to 9, tally climbs to 4,904|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-death-toll-in-assam-rises-to-9-tally-climbs-to-4904/articleshow/76454048.cms|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 19 June''', 102 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 5,006. The same day 218 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19 cases in Assam cross 5,000-mark; 102 new patients found|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-cases-in-assam-cross-5000-mark-102-new-patients-found/articleshow/76474300.cms|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 20 June''', 249 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 5,255. The same day 136 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=249 COVID-19 cases reported in Assam; total tally climbs to 5,255|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/249-covid-19-cases-reported-in-assam-total-tally-climbs-to-5255/articleshow/76488032.cms|access-date=21 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 21 June''', 331 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 5,586. The same day 202 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam records highest single-day spike in COVID-19 cases, crosses 5,500-mark|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-records-highest-single-day-spike-in-covid-19-cases-crosses-5500-mark/articleshow/76500577.cms|access-date=22 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 22 June''', 267 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 5,853. The ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] MLA [[Krishnendu Paul]] was among those who tested positive for coronavirus. The same day 161 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam records 267 new COVID-19 cases; total reaches 5,853|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-records-267-new-covid-19-cases-total-reaches-5853/articleshow/76519727.cms|access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 23 June''', 203 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 6,056. The same day 197 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=With 203 fresh COVID-19 cases, Assam's tally crosses 6,000-mark|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/with-203-fresh-covid-19-cases-assams-tally-crosses-6000-mark/articleshow/76539747.cms|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 24 June''', 314 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 6,370. The same day 196 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|title=Nagaland imposes total lockdown in Mon district; Covid-19 cases in Assam rise to 6,370|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nagaland-imposes-total-lockdown-in-mon-district-covid-19-cases-in-assam-rise-to-6-370-1692531-2020-06-25|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19 Assam update: 196 more patients discharged|work=Northeast Now|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/covid-19-assam-update-196-more-patients-discharged.html}}</ref>
* '''On 25 June''', 276 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 6,646. The same day 75 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=With 276 fresh cases Assam's COVID-19 tally climbs to 6,646|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/26/cal23-as-virus-ld-cases.html|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 26 June''', 273 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 6,919. The same day 214 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=273 new COVID-19 cases in Assam; number rises to 6,919|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/273-new-covid19-cases-in-assam-number-rises-to-6919/1878733|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 27 June''', the state reported its 10th COVID-19 death and 246 more persons tested positive for coronavirus, taking the state tally to 7,165. The same day 567 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's COVID tally crosses 7000-mark death toll rises to 10|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/06/28/cal16-as-virus-ld-cases.html|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 28 June''', the state reported one more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 11. The state also reported 327 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 7,492. Moreover, 274 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 29 June''', 302 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 7,794. The same day 245 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports 302 fresh coronavirus cases; total count 7,794|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-reports-302-fresh-coronavirus-cases-total-count-7794/articleshow/76699171.cms|access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 30 June''', the state reported one more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 12. The state also reported 613 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 8,407. Moreover, 314 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam records highest single-day spike of 613 cases, tally crosses 8,000-mark|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-records-highest-singleday-spike-of-613-cases-tally-crosses-8000mark/1882245|access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref>

=== July 2020 ===
{{Sidebar timeline|title=Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in July|events5=20,000 confirmed cases|color9=green|years9='''31 July'''|events8=40,000 confirmed cases|color8=tomato|years8='''31 July'''|events7=30,000 confirmed cases|color7=tomato|years7='''25 July'''|events6=20,000 reported recoveries|color6=green|years6='''23 July'''|color5=tomato|years1='''4 July'''|years5='''16 July'''|events4=50 reported deaths|color4=black|years4='''16 July'''|events3=Announced extension of lockdown in Guwahati till 19 July|color3=brown|years3='''11 July'''|events2=10,000 reported recoveries|color2=green|years2='''11 July'''|events1=10,000 confirmed cases|color1=tomato|events9=30,000 reported recoveries}}
* '''On 1 July''', 548 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 8,955. The same day 184 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 2 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 14. The state also reported 479 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 9,434. Moreover, 275 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19 cases surge past 9,000 in Assam, death toll at 14|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-cases-surge-past-9000-in-assam-death-toll-at-14/article31979361.ece|access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 July 2020|title=275 MORE COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-275-more-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 3 July''', 365 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, taking the state tally to 9,799. The same day 221 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports 365 new COVID-19 cases; total mounts to 9,799|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-reports-365-new-covid-19-cases-total-mounts-to-9799/articleshow/76778583.cms|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 4 July''', total number of cases in Assam crossed 10,000 mark.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 July 2020|title=Assam crosses 10,000-mark: Covid-19 state tally|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-crosses-10-000-mark-over-21-000-cases-in-karnataka-covid-19-state-tally/story-dKRvTJysOyax8MkopCueyJ.html|access-date=29 January 2021|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> 1,202 more persons tested positive for coronavirus, taking the state tally to 11,001. The same day 416 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam registers record 1,202 new COVID-19 cases; tally crosses 11,000-mark|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-registers-record-1202-new-covid-19-cases-tally-crosses-11000-mark/articleshow/76792037.cms|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=416 more patients discharged|work=Northeast Now|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-covid19-update-416-more-patients-discharged.html|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 5 July''', 735 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, out of which 552 from Guwahati alone, taking the state tally to 11,736. The same day 690 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's COVID-19 tally rises to 11,736 with 735 fresh cases|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assams-covid19-tally-rises-to-11736-with-735-fresh-cases/1886958|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 6 July''', 786 more persons tested positive for coronavirus in Assam, out of which 598 from Guwahati alone, taking the state tally to 12,522. The same day 449 patients were reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's COVID-19 tally crosses 12,000-mark with 786 new cases|work=Devdiscource|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/health/1119981-assams-covid-19-tally-crosses-12000-mark-with-786-new-cases|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 7 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 16. The state also reported 814 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 588 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 13,336. Moreover, 447 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports 2 COVID-19 deaths, toll 16; total cases up by 814 to 13,336|work=Devdiscource|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/1121463-assam-reports-2-covid-19-deaths-toll-16-total-cases-up-by-814-to-13336|access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 8 July''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 22. The state also reported 696 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 423 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 14,032. Moreover, 397 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Record one-day jump of 6 COVID-19 deaths in Assam; tally crosses 14K-mark|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/record-oneday-jump-of-6-covid19-deaths-in-assam-tally-crosses-14kmark/1890180|access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 9 July''', the state reported five more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 27. The state also reported 568 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 355 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 14,600. Moreover, 421 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports 5 more deaths, COVID-19 toll rises to 27|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/assam-reports-5-more-deaths-covid-19-toll-rises-to-27/articleshow/76883057.cms|access-date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 10 July''', the state reported eight more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 35. The state also reported 936 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 521 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 15,536. Moreover, 701 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=936 new COVID-19 cases in Assam; eight more die|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/936-new-covid19-cases-in-assam-eight-more-die/1892234|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 11 July''', the state reported 535 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 410 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 16,071. Moreover, 578 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=535 new COVID-19 cases in Assam|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/535-new-covid-19-cases-in-assam/articleshow/76916319.cms|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 12 July''', the state reported 735 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 400 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 16,806. Moreover, 468 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=735 new cases reported in Assam, tally rises to 16,806|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-735-new-cases-reported-in-assam-tally-rises-to-16806/1893783|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 13 July''', the state reported four more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 40. The state also reported 1001 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 513 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 17,807. Moreover, 522 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19: Four more patients, including senior GMCH doctor, die in Assam|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-four-more-patients-including-senior-gmch-doctor-die-in-assam/1894810|access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 14 July''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 46. The state also reported 859 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 627 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 18,666. Moreover, 757 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=859 new cases reported in Assam tally crosses 18 000-mark|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/07/15/cal43-as-virus-ld-cases.html|access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 15 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 48. The state also reported 1088 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 649 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 19,754. Moreover, 715 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Doctor dies due to COVID in Assam; tally climbs to 19,754, death toll to 48|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/doctor-dies-due-to-covid-in-assam-tally-climbs-to-19754-death-toll-to-48/1896318|access-date=16 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 16 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 50. The state also reported 892 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 598 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 20,646. Moreover, 666 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20K COVID cases in Assam now, death toll 50|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/over-20k-covid-cases-in-assam-now-death-toll-50/1897045|access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 17 July''', the state reported one more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 51. The state also reported 1,218 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 570 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 21,864. Moreover, 551 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19: Highest one-day spike of 1,218 cases in Assam|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-highest-oneday-spike-of-1218-cases-in-assam/1897671|access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 18 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 53. The state also reported 1,117 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 515 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 22,981. Moreover, 1,060 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 19 July''', the state reported four more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 57. The state also reported 1,018 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 577 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 23,999. Moreover, 858 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=1018 fresh COVID-19 cases in Assam infection tally nears 24000-mark|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/07/20/cal34-as-virus-ld-deaths.html|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 20 July''', the state reported one more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 58. The state also reported 1,093 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 448 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 25,092. Moreover, 1,072 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam records 1,093 fresh COVID-19 cases; infection tally crosses 25,000-mark|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-records-1093-fresh-covid19-cases-infection-tally-crosses-25000mark/1899320|access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 21 July''', the state reported six more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 64. The state also reported 1,680 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 570 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 26,772. Moreover, 938 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Highest single-day spike of 1,680 COVID-19 cases in Assam; infection tally reaches 26,772|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/highest-singleday-spike-of-1680-covid19-cases-in-assam-infection-tally-reaches-26772/1900048|access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 22 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 death, taking the total death toll to 66. The state also reported 972 COVID-19 positive cases, out of which 354 from Guwahati alone, taking total tally to 27,744. Moreover, 1,317 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam records 972 fresh COVID-19 cases, infection tally reaches 27,744|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-records-972-fresh-covid19-cases-infection-tally-reaches-27744/1900795|access-date=23 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 23 July''', the state reported four more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 70. The state also reported 1,047 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 28,791. Moreover, 1,349 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's COVID-19 tally reaches 28,791 with 1,047 new cases; death toll 70|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assams-covid19-tally-reaches-28791-with-1047-new-cases-death-toll-70/1901525|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 24 July''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 76. The state also reported 1,130 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 29,921. Moreover, 1,062 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's COVID-19 tally reaches 29,921 with 1,130 new cases; death toll 76|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assams-covid19-tally-reaches-29921-with-1130-new-cases-death-toll-76/1902297|access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 25 July''', the state reported one more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 77. The state also reported 1,165 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 31,086. Moreover, 1,294 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 26 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 79. The state also reported 1,142 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 32,228. Moreover, 985 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 27 July''', the state reported seven more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 86. The state also reported 1,348 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 33,576. Moreover, 1,362 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports 1,348 new COVID-19 cases, seven more deaths|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-reports-1348-new-covid19-cases-seven-more-deaths/1903975|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 28 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 88. The state also reported 1,371 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 34,947. Moreover, 1,216 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports 1,371 new COVID-19 cases; two more deaths|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-reports-1371-new-covid19-cases-two-more-deaths/1904722|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 29 July''', the state reported four more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 92. The state also reported 1,348 COVID-19 positive cases, taking total tally to 36,295. Moreover, 1,214 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 30 July''', the state reported two more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 94. The state also reported 2,112 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 38,407. Moreover, 1,248 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Record 2,112 fresh COVID-19 cases push Assam's tally to 38,407|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/record-2112-fresh-covid19-cases-push-assams-tally-to-38407/1906235|access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 31 July''', the state reported four more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 98. The state also reported 1,862 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 40,269. Moreover, 1,277 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=1862 new COVID cases in Assam 4 deaths|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/08/01/cal41-as-virus-cases.html|access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref>

=== August 2020 ===
{{Sidebar timeline|title=Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in August|years5='''13 August'''|color8=green|years8='''19 August'''|events7=80,000 confirmed cases|color7=tomato|years7='''18 August'''|events6=50,000 reported recoveries|color6=green|years6='''14 August'''|events5=70,000 confirmed cases|color5=tomato|events4=60,000 confirmed cases|years1='''1 August'''|color4=tomato|years4='''10 August'''|events3=40,000 reported recoveries|color3=green|years3='''8 August'''|events2=50,000 confirmed cases|color2=tomato|years2='''5 August'''|events1=100 reported deaths|color1=black|events8=60,000 reported recoveries}}
* '''On 1 August''', the state reported three more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 101. The state also reported 1,457 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 41,726. Moreover, 1,085 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam s COVID death toll breaches 100-mark; tally mounts to|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-s-covid-death-toll-breaches-100mark-tally-mounts-to/1907480|access-date=2 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 2 August''', the state reported four more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 105. The state also reported 1,178 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 42,904. Moreover, 942 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=COVID-19: Four more deaths, 1,178 new cases take Assam's tally near 43,000 mark; Congress MLA tests positive|work=The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/Aug/03/covid-19-four-more-deaths-1178-new-cases-take-assams-tally-near-43000-mark-congress-mla-tests-positive-2178251.html|date=2 August 2020|access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref>
* '''On 3 August''', the state reported four more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 109. The state also reported 2,371 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 45,275. Moreover, 1,044 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Record 2,371 new COVID-19 cases push Assam's tally to 45 275 death toll rises to 109|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/08/04/cal27-as-virus-ld-cases.html|access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 4 August''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 115. The state also reported 2,886 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 48,161. Moreover, 993 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports record 2,886 new cases, six more deaths|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-reports-record-2886-new-cases-six-more-deaths/1909291|access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 5 August''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 121. The state also reported 2,284 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 50,445. Moreover, 1,471 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam surpasses 50,000 coronavirus cases death toll crosses 120|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/08/06/cal38-as-virus-ld-deaths.html|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 6 August''', the state reported five more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 126. The state also reported 2,372 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 52,817. Moreover, 1,332 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 7 August''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 132. The state also reported 2,679 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 55,496. Moreover, 1,585 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=With 2,679 fresh cases, Assam's Covid-19 tally crosses 55,000-mark|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/with-2-679-fresh-cases-assam-s-covid-19-tally-crosses-55-000-mark-120080800244_1.html|access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 8 August''', the state reported eight more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 140. The state also reported 2,218 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 57,714. Moreover, 1,782 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam records 2 218 fresh COVID-19 cases infection tally reaches 57,714|work=The Week|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/08/09/cal30-as-virus-cases.html|access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 9 August''', the state reported five more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 145. The state also reported 1,123 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 58,837. Moreover, 1,734 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five more fatalities push Assam's COVID-19 death toll to 145|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/five-more-fatalities-push-assams-covid19-death-toll-to-145/1912690|access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 10 August''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 151. The state also reported 2,900 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 61,737. Moreover, 1,261 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Highest one-day jump of 2,900 COVID cases in Assam; 6 more deaths take toll to 151|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/highest-oneday-jump-of-2900-covid-cases-in-assam-6-more-deaths-take-toll-to-151/1913379|access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 11 August''', the state reported four more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 155. The state also reported 2,669 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 64,406. Moreover, 1,487 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 August 2020|title=ASSAM: 1487 COVID-19 PATIENTS DISCHARGED|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assam-1487-covid-19-patients-discharged/|access-date=12 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Assam registers 2,669 new Covid-19 cases, four fresh fatalities|work=Deccan Herald|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/assam-registers-2669-new-covid-19-cases-four-fresh-fatalities-872254.html|access-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 12 August''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 161. The state also reported 4,593 COVID-19 positive cases, the highest single-day spike, taking the total tally to 68,999. Moreover, 2,136 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam reports highest daily spike in infection with 4,593 cases as it tests record 1.43 lakh samples|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assam-reports-highest-daily-spike-in-infection-with-4593-cases-as-it-tests-record-143-lakh-samples/1914729|access-date=13 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 13 August''', the state reported eight more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 169. The state also reported 2,796 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 71,795. Moreover, 2,174 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's Covid-19 death toll climbs to 169, tally tops 70,000|work=Deccan Herald|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/assams-covid-19-death-toll-climbs-to-169-tally-tops-70000-873028.html|access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 14 August''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 175. The state also reported 2,706 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 74,501. Moreover, 2,310 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* '''On 15 August''', the state reported seven more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 182. The state also reported 1,057 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 75,558. Moreover, 1,593 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 August 2020|title=ASSAM'S COVID-19 COUNT REACHES 75,558|work=News Live|url=https://newslivetv.com/assams-covid-19-count-reaches-75558/|access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 16 August''', the state reported seven more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 189. The state also reported 1,317 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 76,875. Moreover, 1,929 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=1,317 new cases push Assam's COVID-19 tally to 76,875; death toll mounts to 189|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/1317-new-cases-push-assams-covid19-tally-to-76875-death-toll-mounts-to-189/1917154|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 17 August''', the state reported eight more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 197. The state also reported 2,792 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 79,667. Moreover, 1,519 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hemanta Kumar Nath|title=2,792 new coronavirus cases, 8 deaths in Assam; state's tally nears 80,000|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-2792-new-coronavirus-cases-8-deaths-tally-nears-80000-1712429-2020-08-18|access-date=18 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 18 August''', the state reported six more COVID-19 deaths, taking the total death toll to 203. The state also reported 2,534 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 82,201. Moreover, 1,560 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.<ref>{{cite news|title=2534 COVID cases in Assam, 6 deaths|work=Outlook|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/2534-covid-cases-in-assam-6-deaths/1918540|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 19 August''', the state reported 10 more COVID-19 deaths, the highest single-day fatalities recorded, taking the total death toll to 213. The state also reported 2,116 COVID-19 positive cases, taking the total tally to 84,317. Moreover, 2,054 patients were also reported recovered from the disease and were also discharged from different hospitals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
* On 29 August, total number of Covid cases in Assam crossed 100000 mark.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 August 2020|title=With 2560 new cases, Assam crosses 100,000 COVID-19 case mark|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/coronavirus-updates/2020/08/29/with-2560-new-cases-assam-crosses-100000-covid-19-case-mark|access-date=29 January 2021|work=EastMojo}}</ref>

=== September ===
* As of 16 September, the total number of cases in Assam was 148969, including 29091 active cases, 119364 recoveries and 511 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2">{{Cite web|title=MoHFW-GOI|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in|access-date=16 September 2020|work=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]}}</ref>
* As of 19 September, the total number of cases in Assam was 155453, including 29362 active cases, 125540 recoveries and 548 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 21 September, the total number of cases was 159320, including 29609 active cases, 129130 recoveries and 578 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== October 2020 ===
* As of 2 October, the total number of cases in Assam was 183812, including 34128 active cases, 148960 recoveries and 721 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 6 October, the total number of cases in Assam was 188902, including 33047 active cases, 155074 recoveries and 778 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* On 17 October, total number of cases in Assam crossed grim milestone of 200000 mark.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Assam Covid cases cross 200,000-mark; nearly 900 fatalities recorded|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-covid-cases-cross-200-000-mark-nearly-900-fatalities-recorded/story-qKzR7FJHcNnFxidafC6l7K.html|access-date=9 November 2020|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
* As of 19 October, the total number of cases was 201404, including 27319 active cases, 173210 recoveries and 875 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 27 October, the total number of cases was 204789, including 12845 active cases, 191027 recoveries and 914 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== November 2020===
* As of 1 November, the total number of cases in Assam was 206514, including 8802 active cases, 196781 recoveries and 931 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 8 November, the total number of cases was 208786, including 6511 active cases, 201331 recoveries and 944 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 23 November, the total number of cases was 211679, including 3179 active cases, 207525 recoveries and 975 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== December 2020 ===
* As of 3 December, the total number of cases in Assam was 213168, including 3519 active cases, 208666 recoveries and 983 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 5 December, the total number of cases was 213659, including 3543 active cases, 209127 recoveries and 989 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 13 December, the total number of cases was 214654, including 3481 active cases, 210171 recoveries and 1002 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 17 December, the total number of cases was 215148, including 3623 active cases, 210612 recoveries and 1010 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 23 December, the total number of cases was 215677, including 3470 active cases, 211178 recoveries and 1029 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 28 December, the total number of cases was 215994, including 3323 active cases, 211633 recoveries and 1038 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 31 December, the total number of cases was 216208, including 3256 active cases, 211907 recoveries and 1045 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== January 2021 ===
* As of 3 January, the total number of cases in Assam was 216304, including 3123 active cases, 212129 recoveries and 1052 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 14 January, the total number of cases was 215412, including 1644 active cases, 212703 recoveries and 1065 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 18 January, the total number of cases was 215514, including 1454 active cases, 212995 recoveries and 1075 fatalities.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 19 January, the total number of cases was 215540, including 1384 active cases, 213081 cures and 1075 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 21 January, the total number of cases was 215593, including 1221 active cases, 213295 recoveries and 1077 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 28 January, the total number of cases was 215724, including 691 active cases, 213952 recoveries and 1081 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== February 2021 ===
* As of 1 February, the total number of cases in Assam was 217154, including 476 active cases, 212901 recoveries and 1083 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 10 February, the total number of cases was 217267, including 327 active cases, 214507 recoveries and 1086 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 16 February, the total number of cases was 217309, including 258 active cases, 214615 cures and 1089 fatalities.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 20 February, the total number of cases was 216036, including 269 active cases, 214676 recoveries and 1091 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== March 2021 ===
* As of 6 March, the total number of cases in Assam was 217649, including 278 active cases, 214930 recoveries and 1094 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 15 March, the total number of cases was 217797, including 272 active cases, 215080 recoveries and 1098 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 29 March, the total number of cases was 218310, including 469 active cases, 215390 cures and 1104 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== April 2021 ===
* As of 1 April, the total number of cases in Assam was 218470, including 537 active cases, 215479 recoveries and 1107 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 4 April, the total number of cases was 215597, including 617 active cases, 215479 cures and 1109 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 8 April, the total number of cases was 217925, including 1023 active cases, 215790 recoveries and 1112 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 20 April, the total number of cases was 226326, including 7685 active cases, 217296 recoveries and 1145 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== May 2021 ===
* As of 5 May, the total number of cases in Assam was 272751, including 29915 active cases, 240004 recoveries and 1485 have died from the virus.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 18 May, the total number of cases in Assam was 339511, including 46393 active cases, 290774 recoveries and 2344 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 25 May, the total number of cases is 379824, including 53541 active cases, 323368 recoveries and 2915 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== June 2021 ===
* As of 17 June, the total number of cases in Assam was 473453, including 36793 active cases, 431208 recoveries and 4105 have died.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 25 June, the total number of cases was 496481, including 28457 active cases, 462307 recoveries and 4370 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== July 2021 ===
* As of 13 July, the total number of cases in Assam was 536238, including 19594 active cases, 510432 recoveries and 4865 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 19 July, the total number of cases is 547283, including 16468 active cases, 524469 cures and 4999 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== August 2021 ===
* As of 28 August, the total number of cases in Assam was 588025, including 6087 active cases, 574955 cures and 5636 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

=== September 2021 ===
* As of 23 September, the total number of cases in Assam was 599271, including 3533 active cases, 588574 cures and 5817 fatalities.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 26 September, the total number of cases was 600423, including 3314 active cases, 589924 cures and 5838 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 28 September, the total number of cases was 601421, including 3288 active cases, 589961 recoveries and 5861 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

===Oct to Dec 2021===
* As of 8 October, the total number of cases in Assam was 604536, including 2767 active cases, 594506 cures and 5916 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 23 October, the total number of cases was 608450, including 2621 active cases, 598515 cures and 5967 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 20 November, the total number of cases is 610645, including 2327 active cases, 600974 recoveries and 5997 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 4 December, the total number of cases is 617306, including 2480 active cases, 608713 recoveries and 6113 deaths.<ref name="MyGov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mygov.in/corona-data/covid19-statewise-status/|title=COVID19 STATEWISE STATUS
|access-date=4 December 2021 |work=MyGov.in|date=28 March 2020
}}</ref>
* As of 29 December, the total number of cases is 620357, including 2138 active cases, 612059 recoveries and 6160 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />

===Jan to Mar 2022===
* As of 10 January, the total number of cases in Assam was 626741, including 6434 active cases, 614126 cures and 6181 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 11 February, the total number of cases was 723244, including 5363 active cases, 711285 recoveries and 6596 fatal cases.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 21 February, the total number of cases was 723977, including 1833 active cases, 715511 recoveries and 6633 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 1 March, the total number of cases was 724135, including 1515 active cases, 715982 recoveries and 6638 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />
* As of 19 March, the total number of cases was 724185, including 1365 active cases, 716181 cures and 6639 deaths.<ref name="MOHFW2" />

===April to June 2022===
* As on 13 April, total number of cases in Assam was 724200, including 1351 active cases, 716210 cures and 6639 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 25 April, total number of cases was 724207, including 9 active cases, 716212 recoveries and 7986 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 2 May, total number of cases was 724213, including 10 active cases, 716217 cures and 7986 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 12 May, total number of cases was 724220, including 5 active cases, 716229 cures and 7986 fatal cases.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 28 May, total number of cases was 724227, including 4 active cases, 716237 cures and 7986 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 12 June, total number of cases was 724252, including 20 active cases, 716246 recoveries and 7986 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 20 June, total number of cases was 724374, including 128 active cases, 716258 recoveries and 7988 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 20 June, total number of cases was 724647, including 306 active cases, 716353 recoveries and 7988 fatalities.<ref name="MyGov" />

=== July to September 2022 ===
* As on 16 July, total number of cases in Assam was 729994, including 3896 active cases, 718101 cures and 7997 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 30 August, total number of cases was 744216, including 3037 active cases, 733149 recoveries and 8030 deaths.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 7 September, total number of cases was 744804, including 2805 active cases, 733969 recoveries and 8033 fatal cases.<ref name="MyGov" />
* As on 18 September, total number of cases was 745283, including 2811 active cases, 734441 recoveries and 8034 fatal cases.<ref name="MyGov" />

== Timeline - overview ==
{{main|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; width:600px; clear:right; margin:0px 0px 0.5em 1em"
! colspan="7" |{{resize|110%|{{Nowrap|Weekly timeline of COVID-19 cases, recoveries and deaths in Assam}}}}
|-
! scope="col" |Dates
! scope="col" |Positive cases
! scope="col" |Recoveries
! scope="col" |Deaths
! scope="col" |Active cases
|-
!scope="row" |31 Mar - 6 Apr
| {{IncreaseNegative}}26
| {{nochange}}
| {{nochange}}
| {{IncreaseNegative}}26
|-
!scope="row" |7 Apr - 13 Apr
| {{IncreaseNegative}}5
| {{nochange}}
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1
| {{IncreaseNegative}}4
|-
!scope="row" |14 Apr - 20 Apr
| {{IncreaseNegative}}3
| {{Increase}}19
| {{nochange}}
| {{DecreasePositive}}16
|-
!scope="row" |21 Apr - 27 Apr
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1
| {{Increase}}8
| {{nochange}}
| {{DecreasePositive}}7
|-
!scope="row" |28 Apr - 4 May
| {{IncreaseNegative}}7
| {{Increase}}5
| {{nochange}}
| {{IncreaseNegative}}2
|-
!scope="row" |5 May - 11 May
| {{IncreaseNegative}}22
| {{Increase}}7
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1
| {{IncreaseNegative}}14
|-
!scope="row" |12 May - 18 May
| {{IncreaseNegative}}51
| {{Increase}}4
| {{IncreaseNegative}}2
| {{IncreaseNegative}}45
|-
!scope="row" |19 May - 25 May
| {{IncreaseNegative}}433
| {{Increase}}22
| {{nochange}}
| {{IncreaseNegative}}411
|-
!scope="row" |26 May - 1 Jun
| {{IncreaseNegative}}937
| {{Increase}}222
| {{nochange}}
| {{IncreaseNegative}}715
|-
!scope="row" |2 Jun - 8 Jun
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1350
| {{Increase}}500
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1
| {{IncreaseNegative}}849
|-
!scope="row" |9 Jun - 15 Jun
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1474
| {{Increase}}1421
| {{IncreaseNegative}}3
| {{IncreaseNegative}}50
|-
!scope="row" |16 Jun - 22 Jun
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1544
| {{Increase}}1360
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1
| {{IncreaseNegative}}183
|-
!scope="row" |23 Jun - 29 Jun
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1941
| {{Increase}}1768
| {{IncreaseNegative}}2
| {{IncreaseNegative}}171
|-
!scope="row" |30 Jun - 6 Jul
| {{IncreaseNegative}}4728
| {{Increase}}2608
| {{IncreaseNegative}}3
| {{IncreaseNegative}}2117
|-
!scope="row" |7 Jul - 13 Jul
| {{IncreaseNegative}}5285
| {{Increase}}3475
| {{IncreaseNegative}}26
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1784
|-
!scope="row" |14 Jul - 20 Jul
| {{IncreaseNegative}}7285
| {{Increase}}5679
| {{IncreaseNegative}}18
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1588
|-
!scope="row" |21 Jul - 27 Jul
| {{IncreaseNegative}}8484
| {{Increase}}8307
| {{IncreaseNegative}}28
| {{IncreaseNegative}}149
|-
!scope="row" |28 Jul - 3 Aug
| {{IncreaseNegative}}11699
| {{Increase}}8026
| {{IncreaseNegative}}23
| {{IncreaseNegative}}3650
|-
!scope="row" |4 Aug - 10 Aug
| {{IncreaseNegative}}16462
| {{Increase}}10158
| {{IncreaseNegative}}42
| {{IncreaseNegative}}6262
|-
!scope="row" |11 Aug - 17 Aug
| {{IncreaseNegative}}17930
| {{Increase}}13148
| {{IncreaseNegative}}46
| {{IncreaseNegative}}4736
|-
!scope="row" |18 Aug - 25 Aug
| {{IncreaseNegative}}12952
| {{Increase}}14796
| {{IncreaseNegative}}55
| {{IncreaseNegative}}1622
|}

==See also==
* [[2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus hotspot in Delhi]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Goa]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://signalmessengerapp.com/covid-19-vaccine-registration/ COVID-19 registration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511093928/https://signalmessengerapp.com/covid-19-vaccine-registration/ |date=11 May 2021 }}
* {{cite news |title=How Assam is holding out against Covid-19 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/assam-coronavirus-covid-19-cases-lockdown-6480473/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |author=Swapneel Paul}}
{{external media|width=220px|float=right | video1 = {{YouTube|c1qgJvelEk0|COVID19 Precautions in [[Assamese language|Assamese]]}}, MyGov Assam, 2020
}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic in India}}

[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India by state or union territory|Assam]]
[[Category:Health in Assam]]
[[Category:2020s in Assam]]
[[Category:Disasters in Assam]]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Dharwad district

2025-09-15T12:47:52Z

Svetloxf:

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
The following structures have been designated as [[Monuments of National Importance]] by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>[http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_dharwad.asp Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka - Dharwad]</ref>

{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
== List of monuments ==
{{ASI Monument header|state_iso=IN-KA|Circle=Dharwad}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D224
| description = [[Banashankari Temple, Amargol|Banashankaridevi temple]]
| location = Amargol
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.39906
| lon = 75.0872
| image = Banashankaridevi temple.JPG
|commonscat=Banashankari Temple, Amargol
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D225
| description = [[Banashankari Temple, Amargol|Sankaralinga temple]]
| location = Amargol
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.39915
| lon = 75.08727
| image = Sankaralinga temple 2.JPG
|commonscat=Sankaralinga Temple
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D226
| description = [[Annigeri|Amritesvara temple]]
| location = [[Annigeri]]
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.42367
| lon = 75.43265
| image = Amritesvara temple at Annigeri, Dharwad district.jpg
|commonscat=Amritesvara Temple, Annigeri
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D227
| description = Kalamesvara temple
| location = Balambid
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 14.76198
| lon = 75.21949
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D228
| description = [[Nagareshvara Temple, Bankapura|Nagaresvara temple or Aravattu Kambadagudi]]
| location = [[Bankapura]]
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.92584
| lon = 75.24977
| image = Top view of the Nagareshvara temple at Bankapura, built by the Kalyani (Western) Chalukyas of Karnataka.JPG
|commonscat=Nagareshvara Temple, Bankapura
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D229
| description = Inscribed memorial stones in a walled enclosure
| location = [[Gadag-Betageri|Betageri]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.44433
| lon = 75.64567
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D230
| description = [[Chaudayyadanapura|Muktesvara temple]]
| location = [[Chaudayyadanapura|Chudadanpur]]
| address =
| district =[[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.79788
| lon = 75.66532
| image = The Mukteshvara temple at Cauḍadānapura, Haveri district, Karnataka.JPG
|commonscat=Chaudayyadanapura Mukteshwara Temple
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D231
| description = [[Doddabasappa Temple]]
| location = [[Dambal]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.30247
| lon = 75.77168
| image = Dodda Basappa Temple.JPG
|commonscat=Doddabasappa Temple
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D232
| description = Someshvara temple
| location = [[Dambal]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.30209
| lon = 75.77111
|image=11th century Somesvara temple, Dambal, Karnataka India - 13.jpg
|commonscat=Somesvara Temple, Dambal
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D233-a
| description = Two forts gates (inner & outer): Inner gate
| location = [[Dharwad]]
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.46399
| lon = 75.01203
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D233-b
| description = Two forts gates (inner & outer): Outer gate
| location = [[Dharwad]]
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.46429
| lon = 75.01259
| image = Two fort gates outer.JPG
|commonscat=Dharwad Fort
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D234
| description = [[Trikuteshwara|Saraswati temple]]
| location = [[Gadag-Betageri|Gadag ]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.42455556
| lon = 75.62666667
| image = Ornate pillars in the Saraswati temple at Gadag.jpg
|commonscat=Saraswati Temple, Gadag
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D235
| description = Someshvara temple
| location = [[Gadag-Betageri|Gadag ]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.42886
| lon = 75.62671
| image = Somesvara temple1.JPG
|commonscat=Someshvara Temple, Gadag
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D236
| description = [[Galaganatha|Galagesvara temple]]
| location = [[Galaganatha]]
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.92163
| lon = 75.68343
| image = Galageshvara temple at Galaganatha, Haveri district, Karnataka.JPG
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D237
| description = [[Hangal|Billeshwara Temple]] with a finely sculptured doorway.
| location = [[Hangal]]
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.75484
| lon = 75.12313
| image = Hangal Billeshwara temple 2.JPG
|commonscat=Billeshwara Temple, Hangal
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D238
| description = [[Tarakeshwara Temple, Hangal|Tarakesvara temple]]
| location = [[Hangal]]
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.76516
| lon = 75.12382
| image = Profile of vimana (shrine and tower) in the Tarakeshwara temple at Hangal.JPG
|commonscat=Tarakesvara Temple, Hangal
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D239
| description = Veerabhadra temple in [[Hangal|Hangal Fort]]
| location = [[Hangal]]
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.75949
| lon = 75.12706
| image = Hangal temple at horticulture department 1.JPG
|commonscat=Veerabhadra temple Hangal
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D240
| description = Someshvara temple
| location = Haralahalli
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.83557
| lon = 75.67426
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D241
| description = Kallesvara temple
| location = Haralahalli
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.83586
| lon = 75.67432
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D242
| description = [[Siddhesvara Temple]]
| location = [[Haveri]]
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.79055556
| lon = 75.41083333
| image =Siddhesvara temple with staggered square mantapa plan at Haveri.jpg
|commonscat=Siddhesvara Temple
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D243
| description = Two inscribed stones leaning against Shankaralinga temple to the left of the main Entrance.
| location = Hombal
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.5174
| lon = 75.55571
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D244
| description = [[Brahma Jinalaya, Lakkundi]]
| location = [[Lakkundi]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.38952
| lon = 75.71422
| image = Jain temple at Lakkundi.jpg
|commonscat=Brahma Jinalaya Temple, Lakkundi
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D245
| description = [[Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi|Kasivisvesvara Temple]]
| location = [[Lakkundi]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.38743
| lon = 75.71705
| image = Kasivisvesvara temple at Lakkundi.jpg
|commonscat=Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D246
| description = Kumbaresvara temple
| location = [[Lakkundi]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.39036
| lon = 75.72026
| image = 11th 12th century Kumbhareshwara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 04.jpg
|commonscat=Kumbareshwar Temple, Lakkundi
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D247
| description = Manikesvara temple at Muskinbhavi
| location = [[Lakkundi]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.39299
| lon = 75.72041
| image = 11th 12th century Manikeshwara temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 03.jpg
|commonscat=Manikeshwara Temple, Lakkundi
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D248
| description = Muskin Bhavi
| location = [[Lakkundi]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.39316
| lon = 75.72041
| image = Stepped Well at ManikesvaraTemple in Lakkundi.JPG
|commonscat=Muskin Bhavi
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D249
| description = Naganatha near Jaina temple
| location = [[Lakkundi]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.39016
| lon = 75.71429
| image = 12th century Naganatha temple, Lakkundi, Karnataka India - 01.jpg
|commonscat=Naganatha Temple, Lakkundi
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D250
| description = [[Nannesvara Temple, Lakkundi]]
| location = [[Lakkundi]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 15.38734
| lon = 75.71662
| image = Naneshvara temple in Lakkundi.JPG
|commonscat=Nannesvara Temple, Lakkundi
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D251
| description = Sarvesvara temple
| location = [[Naregal, Gadag|Naregal]]
| address =
| district = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| lat = 14.83072
| lon = 75.28
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D252
| description = Stone inscription inside the Shankaralinga temple
| location = [[Nargund]]
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.72212
| lon = 75.38341
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D253
| description = Kadambesvara temple
| location = [[Rattihalli]]
| address =
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| lat = 14.42059
| lon = 75.5164
| image =
|commonscat=
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D254
| description = [[Tamboor|Basavanna temple]]
| location = [[Tamboor]]
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.09677
| lon = 74.92973
| image = Tamboor Basavanna temple 9.jpg
|commonscat=Tamboor Basavanna Temple
}}
{{ASI Monument row
| number = N-KA-D255
| description = [[Chandramouleshwara Temple]]
| location = [[Hubli| Unkal,Hubli]]
| address =
| district = [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
| lat = 15.37681
| lon = 75.11647
| image = Chandramouleshware Temple.JPG
|commonscat=Chandramouleshwara Temple
}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bangalore circle]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Belgaum district]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bidar district]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bijapur district]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Gulbarga district]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in North Kanara district]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in North Kanara district|List of Monuments of National Importance in Raichur district]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in India]] for other Monuments of National Importance in India
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Karnataka]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Monuments in India}}
[[Category:Lists of Monuments of National Importance in Karnataka|Dharwad]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Dharwad district|Monuments of National Importance]]

Diocese of Jalpaiguri

2025-08-24T08:57:52Z

Svetloxf: stub

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Jalpaiguri
|latin = Dioecesis Ialpaiguriensis
|local = जलपाईगुड़ी के सूबा
|country = {{flag|India}}
|metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta|Calcutta]]
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta|Calcutta]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Christ Redeemer Cathedral [[Jalpaiguri]]
| established = {{start date and age|17 January 1952}}
|cocathedral =
|area_km2 = 9,614
|population = 6,773,993
|population_as_of = 2022
|catholics = 141,758
|catholics_percent= 2.1
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Fabian Toppo]]
|metro_archbishop = [[Thomas D'Souza]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|denomination=|emeritus_bishops=[[Clement Tirkey]]|parishes=30}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Jalpaiguri''' ({{langx|la| Ialpaigurien(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Jalpaiguri]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta|Calcutta]] in India.

==History==
* 17 January 1952: Established as the Diocese of Jalpaiguri from the [[Diocese of Dinajpur]]

==Leadership==
* [[Bishop]]s of Jalpaiguri ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])
** Bishop Fabian Toppo (8 February 2025 – present
** Bishop [[Clement Tirkey]] (31 January 2006 – 8 February 2025)
** Bishop [[James Anthony Toppo]] (24 April 1971 – 4 May 2004)
** Bishop [[Francis Ekka]] (29 November 1967 – 24 April 1971)
** Bishop [[Amerigo Galbiati|Ambrose Galbiati]], [[P.I.M.E.]] (20 March 1952 – 22 March 1967)

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/jalp0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djalp.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
{{coord|26.5358|N|88.6872|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalpaiguri}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1952]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Jalpaiguri]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

News Tamil 24×7

2025-08-22T10:41:12Z

Svetloxf: adding stub!

{{Short description|Indian Tamil Language Satellite Television}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = News Tamil 24x7
| logo =
| logo_size = 150px
| country = India
| area = Tamil Nadu, India
| network = SPLUS Media Private Limited
| headquarters = Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| language = Tamil
| picture_format = 1080i (HDTV)
| owner = SPLUS Media Limited
| sister_channels = News Malayalam 24x7
| launch_date = 23 January 2022
| website = {{URL|newstamil.tv}}
}}

'''News Tamil 24x7''' is a [[Tami language|Tamil-language]] [[news channel]] based in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Launched on 23 January 2022, by SPLUS Media [[Private Limited company|Private Limited]], the channel focuses on providing news, discussions, and reports in the Tamil language. The channel uses the tagline "Meiporul Kanbathu Arivu" (Knowledge is seeing reality).{{cn|date=September 2024}}

== Programming ==
The channel airs [[24-hour news cycle|24x7 news]] with a focus on [[Region|regional]], national, and international topics. Programming includes [[Panel discussion|panel discussions]], [[political commentary]], and [[Special report|special reports]].{{cn|date=September 2024}}

== Controversies ==
In November 2023, a reporter from News Tamil 24x7 and others were involved in an incident at a pub in Chennai, leading to police complaints and [[First information report|FIRs]] being filed under various sections of the [[Indian Penal Code (2023)|Indian Penal Code]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 Nov 2023 |title=FIR registered against News Tamil 24*7 crime reporter, five others in Chennai pub harassment case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/Nov/24/fir-registered-against-news-tamil-247-crime-reporter-five-others-in-chennai-pub-harassment-case-2635861.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The incident drew widespread media attention due to allegations of harassment and misconduct by some channel crew members.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 Nov 2023 |title=NWMI condemns Thanthi Tv, Polimer News and News Tamil 24*7 for bar incident coverage |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/nwmi-condemns-thanthi-tv-polimer-news-and-news-tamil-247-for-bar-incident-coverage |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== Distribution ==
News Tamil 24x7 is available on several local cable networks across Tamil Nadu but is not yet listed with major [[DTH in India|DTH]] providers. The channel is accessible on platforms like TCCL, TACTV, SCV, and others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=MSO-backed News Tamil 24x7 blazes into BARC charts at second spot; claims leadership in Chennai market |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/mso-backed-news-tamil-24x7-blazes-into-barc-charts-at-second-spot-claims-leadership-in-chennai-market/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=MediaNews4U |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Sister Channels ==
News Tamil 24x7 is part of a network that also includes News Malayalam 24x7,<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2024 |title=Malayalam News Channel News Malayalam 24×7 set to launch on May 29th |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/malayalam-news-channel-news-malayalam-24x7-set-to-launch-on-may-29th/ |work=MediaNews4U}}</ref> which began broadcasting in 2024.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=29 May 2024 |title=News Malayalam 24×7 - ന്യൂസ് മലയാളം 24×7' ചാനല്‍ സംപ്രേക്ഷണം ആരംഭിച്ചു മലയാളത്തിൽ 11 ആമത്തെ ന്യൂസ് ചാനൽ ഇന്ന് പിറവിയെടുത്തു. തിരുവനന്തപുരം ആസ്‌ഥാനമായ 'ന്യൂസ് മലയാളം 24×7' രാവിലെ 11.30നാണ് കേരളത്തില്‍ സംപ്രേക്ഷണം ആരംഭിച്ചത് |url=https://www.malabarnews.com/news-malayalam-24x7-channel-started-broadcasting/ |journal=Malabar News}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.newstamil.tv Official website: newstamil.tv]

{{DEFAULTSORT:24×7, News Tamil}}
{{Tamil-language media|state=autocollapse}}
[[Category:24-hour television news channels in India]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television channels]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2022]]

List of museums in Jharkhand

2025-06-15T22:36:11Z

Svetloxf: added a stub

{{Short description|none}}
This is a '''list of museums in [[Jharkhand]]''' state in eastern India.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! scope=col | Name
! scope=col | City/Town
! scope=col | Theme
! scope=col | Year Established
|-
! scope=row | [[Ranchi Science Centre]]
| [[Ranchi]]
| [[Science]]
| 2010
|-
! scope=row | [[State Museum Hotwar]]
| [[Ranchi]]
| [[Culture]]
|2009<ref>{{Cite web|title=Four-day celebrations to mark museum week in Hotwar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Four-day-celebrations-to-mark-museum-week-in-Hotwar/articleshow/27235706.cms|date=December 12, 2013|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
! scope=row | [[Tribal Research Institute and Museum]]
| [[Ranchi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribal life rejuvenated at Tribal Museum |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/tribal-life-rejuvenated-at-tribal-museum.html |website=The Pioneer |language=en |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref>
| [[Research]]
|
|-
! scope=row | [[Sanskriti Museum & Art Gallery]]
| [[Hazaribagh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seejharkhand.com/tourism/hazaribagh/sanskriti-museum-and-art-gallery.html|title=Sanskriti Museum And Art Gallery In Hazaribagh, India - Explore Location, History, Reviews, Photos And All About Sanskriti Museum And Art Gallery Hazaribagh|website=seejharkhand.com|access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref>
| [[Art Gallery]]
| 1991
|}

==See also==
* [[List of museums in India]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Museums in Jharkhand}}
[[Category:Museums in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Lists of museums in India|Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Jharkhand]]

Paise Fek Tamasha Dekh

2025-06-12T18:24:41Z

Svetloxf: adding new stub

{{short description|Indian prank show}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{notability|date=January 2019}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
'''Paisa Fek Tamasha Dekh'''<ref>{{Citation|title=Paisa Fek Tamasha Dekh|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9537326/|access-date=2019-01-14}} {{unreliable?|date=December 2024}}</ref> is a prank show, web mini-series directed by Nishant Sapkale and produced by [[Eros Now|Eros Motion Pictures]] and Box Office Films starring Rahul Purohit as the host. It is a 10-episode based show under Eros Now's new short-format video series- Quickie<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiapost.com/eros-launches-quality-short-stories-under-quickie/|title=Eros launches quality short stories under Quickie|newspaper=India Post News - Breaking and Latest News Worldwide - Indian Diaspora|date=28 December 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref> where pranksters play real-life practical jokes on the people around them.

== Cast and characters ==

* Rahul Purohit (Host)

== Episodes ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!No. Overall
!No. in season
!Title
!Plot Outline
|-
|1
|1
|Hug It Out
|Three contestants, three challenges, who will be called the ultimate prankster? Watch the full episode to find out.
|-
|2
|2
|Don't Hold Back
|Have you ever helped anyone do the dirties in public? Well, these pranksters just managed that. Watch the full episode and laugh out loud.
|-
|3
|3
|Dance Till You Drop
|Who are you placing your last dime on? In this dance-off of a prank, who do you think will be the last man standing?
|-
|4
|4
|Knockout
|Have you ever played cricket without a ball? Watch these three contestants play a masterstroke.
|-
|5
|5
|A Shot Of Phenyl
|Have you ever given having a shot of phenyl a shot? As bizarre as it might sound, our prankster get people to try it.
|-
|6
|6
|Mirror, Mirror On The Wall
|Our pranksters need to get to an audition but will they manage to find a make-up man?
|-
|7
|7
|What's your OTP
|From riding a skate bike in the mall to celebrating a stranger s birthday, these pranks will crack you up.
|-
|8
|8
|Kabaddi, Kabaddi, Kabaddi
|Khel Kabaddi, win the money. Who will make the most money?
|-
|9
|9
|Dog Food Challenge
|Will you eat dog food if anyone asked you to? Watch on to know if these pranksters succeed in pulling off this prank.
|-
|10
|10
|Mannequin Challenge
|Watch this for screams and mini heart-attacks along with bouts of uncontrollable laughter.
|}

== Release ==
The official trailer was released on 18 December 2018.<ref>{{Citation|last=Eros Now|title=Paisa Fek Tamasha Dekh - Official Trailer {{!}} Eros Now Quickie|date=18 December 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQb-ozKiulA|access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref> '''Paisa Fek Tamasha Dekh''' was launched on 19 December 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/eros-now-expands-into-short-form-originals-with-eros-now-quickie-1964908|title=Eros Now Expands Into Short-Form Originals With Eros Now Quickie|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=19 December 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref>- all episodes streaming exclusively on [[Eros Now]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erosnow.com/original/watch/1065245/paisa-fek-tamasha-dekh|title=Watch in HD and download movies, TV shows, originals, music & latest celebrity gossip on erosnow.com|website=Eros Now|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref> It was one of the first series<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/asia/eros-now-quickies-original-content-date-gone-wrong-1203092995/|title=Eros Now Launches Quickie Original Strand With 'Date Gone Wrong' (EXCLUSIVE)|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=2018-12-19|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref> to be released under the category of Quickie.

== Theme ==
''Paisa Fek Tamasha Dekh'' is a prank show based on [[practical joke]]s. It brings out comedy through hilarious scenes and challenges.

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=9537326}}

[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]
[[Category:2018 web series debuts]]

StarLife (Africa)

2025-05-18T14:09:20Z

Svetloxf: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Disney Star]]

State Highway 67 (Kerala)

2025-03-14T21:59:35Z

Svetloxf:

{{short description|Highway in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{One source|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = SH
| state = Kerala
| route = 67
| alternate_name = Mannarkulanji - Pampa Road
| map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|type=line|from=State Highway 67 (Kerala).map}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = SH 67 highlighted in red
| spur_type =
| spur_of =
| maint = [[Kerala Public Works Department]]
| length_km = 56.75
| length_notes = 
| established =
| allocation = {{jct|state=Kerala|NH|183A|country=IND}} from Mannarkulanji to Plappally Jn.
| direction_a = West
| terminus_a = {{jct|state=Kerala|NH|183A|SH|8|country=IND}} in Mannarkulanji 
| junction = 
{{plainlist|
*{{jct|state=Kerala|SH|44|country=IND}} in Elavunkal
}}
| direction_b = East
| terminus_b = [[Sabarimala|Pampa Triveni]] 
| districts = [[Pathanamthitta]]
| previous_type = SH
| previous_route = 66 
| next_type = SH
| next_route = 68 
}}

'''State Highway 67 (SH 67)''' is a state highway in [[Kerala]], [[India]] that starts in [[Mannarkulanji]] and ends in Pampa Thriveni Bridge. The highway is 44.1 km long.<ref name="keralapwd">{{cite web|url=http://www.keralapwd.gov.in/getPage.php?page=maps&pageId=248|title=Kerala PWD - State Highways|publisher=Kerala State Public Works Department|accessdate=26 February 2010}}</ref>

==Route map==
{| class="sortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #FFFFFF; border: 0px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#ffffe0" style="colour:#FFFFFF" align="centre"
| '''Route map'''
|-
|
* Mannarakulanji - [[Vadasserikkara]] - Perunad - Laha - [[Plappally]] - Elavumkal - [[Nilakkal]] - Attathodu - Chalakkayam - Pamba triveni bridge
|}

== See also ==
*[[Roads in Kerala]]
*[[List of state highways in Kerala]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala State Highways Network}}

[[Category:State highways in Kerala]]
[[Category:Roads in Pathanamthitta district]]

{{India-road-stub}}
{{Kerala-stub}}

Madhya Pradesh women's football team

2024-12-21T21:26:14Z

Svetloxf: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[ Madhya Pradesh Football Association ]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

AirAsia India

2024-07-19T23:24:17Z

Svetloxf: adding first stub more to come

#REDIRECT [[AIX Connect]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Hamlet Bareh

2024-07-05T21:27:40Z

Svetloxf: further refine information per standard format based on references

{{Short description|Indian historian, writer and film director}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hamlet Bareh
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 3 May 1931
| birth_place = Jaiaw Lumsyntiew, [[Meghalaya]], India
| death_date = 24 July 2012
| death_place = [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]], India
| restingplace = [[Church of North India]] cemetery, Shillong, India
| restingplacecoordinates = {{Coord|25|33|45|N|91|52|13|E}}
| othername =
| occupation = Historian Writer Filmmaker
| yearsactive =
| known for =
| spouse = Merlicia Kharshiing
| domesticpartner =
| children = Four children
| parents = Mondon Bareh Besina Dkhar
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Meghalaya Day Award
}}
'''Hamlet Bareh Ngapkynta''' (1931–2012) was an Indian writer, historian and film director from the Northeast Indian state of [[Meghalaya]].<ref name="Hamlet Bareh dies at 81">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120725/jsp/northeast/story_15768045.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119123113/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120725/jsp/northeast/story_15768045.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=19 November 2015 | title=Hamlet Bareh dies at 81 | publisher=The Telegraph | date=25 July 2012 | access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref> He is known as the first person from the [[Khasi people|Khasi tribe]], an indigenous ethnic group of the state, to secure a doctoral degree (PhD)<ref name="Dr Hamlet Bareh no more">{{cite web | url=http://www.theshillongtimes.com/2012/07/25/dr-hamlet-bareh-no-more/ | title=Dr Hamlet Bareh no more | publisher=Shillong Times | date=25 July 2012 | access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref> and as the maker of the first feature film in the [[Khasi language]], ''Ka Synjuk Ri ki Laiphew Syiem'' (The Alliance of Thirty Kings).<ref name="Film bouquet on birthday">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130118/jsp/northeast/story_16455113.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122060055/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130118/jsp/northeast/story_16455113.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 January 2013 | title=Film bouquet on birthday | publisher=The Telegraph | date=18 January 2013 | access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref> He was the chairman of the executive committee of the [[Rajiv Gandhi University]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], and a recipient of the 2004 ''Meghalaya Day Award''.<ref name="Hamlet Bareh dies at 81" /> The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2004.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Hamlet Bareh was born in Jaiaw Lumsyntiew, a village in the Northeast Indian state of [[Meghalaya]] on 3 May 1931 to Besina Dkhar and Mondon Bareh, an educationist, as the youngest of their ten children.<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE">{{cite web | url=http://dr-hamlet-bareh-ngapkynta.weebly.com/ | title=DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE | publisher=HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA - Commemorative Pages | date=2015 | access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref> He was brought up by his mother as his father died before he turned one and he did his schooling at Jaiaw Practising School, Khasi Jaintia National School and Shillong Boys' Government High School and did his graduate studies at [[St. Edmund's College, Shillong]].<ref name="Dr Hamlet Bareh no more" /> His master's studies were at [[Guwahati University]] from where he also secured his doctoral degree (PhD) in 1963 for his thesis, ''The origin and history of the Khasi people'', becoming the first [[Khasi people|Khasi]] person to receive a doctoral degree.<ref name="Hamlet Bareh dies at 81" /> The achievement is reported to have earned him a congratulatory letter from [[Indira Gandhi]], the then [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE" />

Bareh had started his career while doing his master's degree studies as a teacher at the local Government High School. Later, he would work as a publicity officer of Union Christian College, before joining his alma mater, [[St. Edmund's College, Shillong]], to teach History and [[Khasi language]].<ref name="MCTA condole death of Dr Hamlet Bareh">{{cite web | url=http://meghalayatimes.info/index.php/editorial/26-archive/front-page/july-2012/2067-mcta-condole-death-of-dr-hamlet-bareh | title=MCTA condole death of Dr Hamlet Bareh | publisher=Meghalaya Times | date=July 2012 | access-date=19 November 2015}}</ref> After completing his doctoral studies, he resigned from College and took up the post of the Editor of the ''District Gazetteers'' of the present day [[Arunachal Pradesh]], then known as [[North East Frontier Agency]] (NEFA).<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE" /> He also worked as a visiting fellow of the [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]], [[Shimla]] during 1973–74.<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE" /> When [[North Eastern Hill University]] was established in 1974, Bareh was appointed as the Reader, with the responsibility of its [[continuing education]] as well as the [[adult education]] programmes. He stayed at the university until his retirement in 1996, before which he served the institution as the founder Head and professor of its ''Centre for Creative Arts''.<ref name="Hamlet Bareh dies at 81" />

Towards the later stages of his life, he was appointed as the Chairman of the executive committee of [[Rajiv Gandhi University]], in [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref name="Noted Indian historian Hamlet passed away" /> He died at Shillong on 24 July 2012, at the age of 81.<ref name="Dr Hamlet Bareh no more" /> His wife, Merlicia Kharshiing, preceded him in death and he was survived by their four children.<ref name="Dr Hamlet Bareh no more" /> His body was laid to rest in the [[Church of North India]] Cemetery in [[Shillong]].<ref name="Hamlet Bareh dies at 81" />

== Legacy and honours ==
Bareh is reported to have been active in the educational, literary and cultural fronts of the state of Meghalaya. He served as the secretary of the ''North East India Christian Literature Board'' and was a member of the ''North East Council''.<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE" /> He was one of the founders of the Synod College, Shillong and was involved with spreading education in the remote areas of the state. He was a member of the [[Indian Council of Historical Research]] (1984–87), the [[Indian Institute of Public Administration]], Delhi, [[Kamarupa Anusandhan Samiti]] (Assam Research Society), North Eastern Economic Association and the Sardar Patel Society, Delhi. He was associated with the Sahitya Akademi (1981–87) and served as a member of its expert committee. He was also a member of the advisory boards of the [[State Council of Educational Research and Training, Delhi]] and the State department of Art and Culture.<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE" />

Bareh was the president of the Khasi Cultural Society and Khasi Jaiñtia Welfare Association and when the Society produced a feature film, ''Ka Synjuk Ri Ki Laiphew Syiem'' (The Alliance of Thirty Kings), he was selected to direct the film.<ref name="Dr Hamlet Bareh no more" /> A 35-minute-long short feature film, it was the first ever feature film made in [[Khasi language]]<ref name="Film bouquet on birthday" /> and featured a couple of songs written by him.<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA A TRIBUTE" /> During 1998–2000, he was involved in writing two of his books, under the ''Emeritus fellowship'' of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]; he had earlier received the National Fellowship of the UGC.<ref name="Noted Indian historian Hamlet passed away">{{cite web | url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120724/2030460.html | title=Noted Indian historian Hamlet passed away | publisher=Web India | date=24 July 2012 | access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref>

Besides many articles,<ref name="DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA & MR AZRA SINGH KHONGPHAI ON JAID DKHAR CLANS OF THE KHASI">{{cite web | url=http://dr-hamlet-bareh-ngapkynta.weebly.com/articles.html | title=DR HAMLET BAREH NGAPKYNTA & MR AZRA SINGH KHONGPHAI ON JAID DKHAR CLANS OF THE KHASI | publisher=Articles | date=2015 | access-date=19 November 2015}}</ref> Bareh published several books,<ref name="au:Bareh, Hamlet.">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ABareh%2C+Hamlet.&qt=hot_author | title=au:Bareh, Hamlet. | publisher=WorldCat | date=2015 | access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref> reported to be over 50, which included ''The Art History of Meghalaya'',<ref name="The Art History of Meghalaya">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HckrAAAAMAAJ | title=The Art History of Meghalaya | publisher=Agam Kala Prakashan | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1991 | pages=222| isbn=9780836425963 }}</ref> ''William Carey in a new perspective'',<ref name="William Carey in a new perspective">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wu6lcjQksesC | title=William Carey in a new perspective | publisher=Spectrum Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=2004 | pages=243 | isbn=9788187502418}}</ref> ''A Short History of Khasi Literature'',<ref name="A Short History of Khasi Literature">{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/A-short-history-Khasi-literature/dp/B0006D2VQW | title=A Short History of Khasi Literature | publisher=Don Bosco Press | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1969 | pages=108 | asin=B0006D2VQW}}</ref> ''The Language and Literature of Meghalaya'',<ref name="The Language and Literature of Meghalaya">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CVkAAAAMAAJ | title=The Language and Literature of Meghalaya | publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1977 | pages=108 | asin=B0000E92ML}}</ref> ''The History and Culture of the Khasi People''<ref name="The History and Culture of the Khasi People">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIpV9K6Je20C | title=The History and Culture of the Khasi People | publisher=Spectrum Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1997 | isbn=9788185319681}}</ref> and ''The Church of England''.<ref name="Dr Hamlet Bareh no more" /> He also wrote two books, ''Progress of Education in Meghalaya,''<ref name="Progress of Education in Meghalaya">{{cite book | title=Progress of Education in Meghalaya | publisher=Cosmo Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=2003 | pages=330 | isbn=9788170206835}}</ref> and ''The Distinguished Educationalists of Meghalaya Past and Present'',<ref name="The Distinguished Educationalists of Meghalaya Past and Present">{{cite book | title=The Distinguished Educationalists of Meghalaya Past and Present | publisher=Khasi Cultural Society | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1991 | pages=62|oclc = 27339824}}</ref> on the education in Meghalaya and an eight-volume encyclopedia, ''Encyclopaedia of North-east India''.<ref name="Encyclopaedia of North-east India">{{cite book | url=http://www.dkagencies.com/doc/from/1063/to/1123/bkId/DK375233407571258083011731371/details.html | title=Encyclopaedia of North-east India | publisher=Mittal Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=2001 | isbn=8170997879}}</ref> ''Who's who of Men and Women of Achievement'' (fourth edition-1989) and ''Learned Asia'' (volume 1–1992) have listed his name.<ref name="Hamlet Bareh dies at 81" /> The Government of Meghalaya honoured him with ''U Tirot Sing Award'' on Meghalaya Day on 21 January 2004.<ref name="Hamlet Bareh">{{cite web | url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL7984A/Hamlet_Bareh | title=Hamlet Bareh | publisher=Open Library | date=2015 | access-date=19 November 2015}}</ref> Five days later, the Government of India included him in the [[Indian honours system|Republic Day honours]] list for the civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards" />

==Selected bibliography ==
* {{cite book | title=A Short History of Khasi Literature | publisher=Don Bosco Press | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1969 | pages=108 | asin=B0006D2VQW}}
* {{cite book | title=The Language and Literature of Meghalaya | publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1977 | pages=108 | asin=B0000E92ML}}
* {{cite book | title=The Art History of Meghalaya | publisher=Agam Kala Prakashan | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1991 | pages=222}}
* {{cite book | title=The Distinguished Educationalists of Meghalaya Past and Present | publisher=Khasi Cultural Society | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1991 | pages=62}}
* {{cite book | title=The History and Culture of the Khasi People | publisher=Spectrum Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=1997 | isbn=9788185319681}}
* {{cite book | title=Encyclopaedia of North-east India | publisher=Mittal Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=2001 | isbn=8170997879}}
* {{cite book | title=Progress of Education in Meghalaya | publisher=Cosmo Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=2003 | pages=330 | isbn=9788170206835}}
* {{cite book | title=William Carey in a new perspective | publisher=Spectrum Publications | author=Hamlet Bareh | year=2004 | pages=243 | isbn=9788187502418}}

== See also ==
{{portal|India}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.indianautographs.com/productdetail-209204.html | title=Hamlet Bareh Ngapkynta, Prof. | publisher=Indian Autographs | work=Autographs of Scholars and Scientists of India | date=2015 | access-date=19 November 2015}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bareh, Hamlet}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Scholars from Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Khasi people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Church of North India]]
[[Category:Film directors from Meghalaya]]

Kala (choreographer)

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#REDIRECT [[Kala Master]]

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Mulavana Mahadevar Temple

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[[File:Mulavana Mahadevar temple.png|thumb|Mulavana Mahadevar Temple]]
'''Mulavana Mahadevar Temple''' or '''Sree Mahadevar Temple''' is a temple in the village of [[Mulavana]], [[Kerala]] in southern India, managed by the Mulavana Mahadevar [[Devaswom boards in Kerala|Devaswom]]. The temple is the principal place of worship for Mulavana and neighboring areas; it is open to the public, and people are free to enter and worship. The Kadalayi [[Illam|Mana]] had hereditary rights for managing the affairs of the temple and its property.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/527115/|access-date=2023-08-18|title=Kerala High Court - Rajendran Unnithan vs Mahadevar (Deity) on 2 June, 2005}}</ref>

The temple hosts a festival for [[Maha Shivaratri]] in the month of [[Malayalam calendar|Kumbham]] (February/March). The day is important for the people of Mulavana and neighboring villages, and is celebrated irrespective of caste or religion.

Deities enshrined in the temple include [[Shasta (deity)|Sastha]], [[Ganesha|Ganapathi]], Yakshiyamma, and [[Nagaraja]], as well as the lord Mahadevar.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kollam district]]

{{Kerala-hindu-temple-stub}}