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Anti-Bengali sentiment

2026-05-07T09:52:12Z

Svetlbwz: Done

{{Short description|Discrimination against Bengali people}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{POV|date=September 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2026}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
'''Anti-Bengali sentiment''' comprises negative attitudes and views against the [[Bengalis|Bengali people]] of [[Bengal]], mainly from [[Bangladesh]] and the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].

==India==
This sentiment is present in several parts of India: [[Assam]],<ref name="aj26Feb2020">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Manash Firaq |title=We foreigners: What it means to be Bengali in India's Assam |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/2/26/we-foreigners-what-it-means-to-be-bengali-in-indias-assam |access-date=22 September 2023 |work=Al Jazeera |date=26 February 2020}}</ref> and various areas of [[Northeast India]].<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19800630-turmoil-in-north-east-india-turns-into-armed-uprising-in-tripura-821236-2014-01-24 |title=Turmoil in North-east India turns into armed uprising in Tripura |newspaper=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name="ie10Jan2020">{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-bengali-people-nagorik-suraksha-mancha-6210312/ |title=Tribals in state 'foreigners', Bengalis original inhabitants, claims Tripura social group |date=10 January 2020 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="auto7">{{cite book |title='Bearing Witness': The Impact of Conflict on Women in Nagaland and Assam |year=2011 |publisher=Centre for North East Studies and Policy Research |page=42}}</ref> Issues include discrimination in inhabitation,<ref name="hindu22Feb2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/brus-vs-non-tribal-bengalis-its-a-clash-among-the-displaced-in-tripura/article30883079.ece |title=Brus vs non-tribal Bengalis: It's a clash among the displaced in Tripura |first=Rahul |last=Karmakar |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 February 2020}}</ref> other forms of discrimination,<ref name="auto9"/><ref name="Bhaumik2008">{{cite book |last=Bhaumik |first=Subir |editor=Samir Kumar Das |chapter=Challenges Ahead |title=Blisters on their Feet |url=http://203.128.31.71/articles/076193653X.pdf |access-date=5 March 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Sage |isbn=978-81-7829-819-1 |page=303 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305182014/http://203.128.31.71/articles/076193653X.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> political reasons, government actions,<ref name="Hindu20Jan2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/who-are-the-brus-and-what-are-the-implications-of-settling-them-in-tripura/article30600913.ece |title=Who are the Brus, and what are the implications of settling them in Tripura? |first=Rahul |last=Karmakar |date=20 January 2020 |work=The Hindu |type=Opinion}}</ref><ref name="abc"/><ref name="auto9">{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/6/23/harassed-discriminated-story-of-assams-bengali-origin-people |title='We're sons of the soil, don't call us Bangladeshis' |first=Saif |last=Khalid |website=Aljazeera.com}}</ref> anti-Bangladeshi sentiment.<ref name="ds4Sep2021">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/star-literature/news/story-bengal-and-bengalis-the-bengali-homeland-and-its-inhabitants-2168056 |title=Story of Bengal and Bengalis: The Bengali Homeland and its Inhabitants |date=4 September 2021 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref>

In Assam, the discriminative condition of Bengalis can be traced from [[Khoirabari massacre]], [[Nellie massacre]], [[Silapathar massacre]], [[North Kamrup violence]], [[Goreswar massacre]], [[Bongal Kheda]], etc.

This has led to emergence of [[Bengali language movements in India]] in India as a form of protest and formation of many pro-Bengali organisations.

The national [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP; Indian People's Party) has also been accused of promoting anti-Bengali policies like [[Hindi imposition]] and promoting [[Vegetarianism in India|vegetarianism]] in [[Bengali cuisine]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://scroll.in/latest/937569/those-who-oppose-hindi-as-common-language-do-not-love-india-claims-tripura-cm-biplab-kumar-deb |title=Those who oppose Hindi as common language do not love India, claims Tripura CM Biplab Kumar Deb |work=Scroll.in |date=17 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2025 |title='Saffron brigade' targets fish shops near temple in Delhi's CR Park, vendors say 'we built it' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cr-park-fish-market-shutdown-saffron-brigade-hindu-right-group-mahua-moitra-chittaranjan-park-kali-bari-temple-101744198841958.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409132331/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cr-park-fish-market-shutdown-saffron-brigade-hindu-right-group-mahua-moitra-chittaranjan-park-kali-bari-temple-101744198841958.html |archive-date=9 April 2025 |access-date=25 July 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref> According to [[Amartya Sen]], BJP defines Bengalis with a narrow mindset and pursues aggressive policies of [[parochialism]], in contrast to what Sen considers a quintessential Bengali pluralism.<ref name="tp20Sep2019">{{Cite news |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/amartya-sen-has-a-message-for-mamata-dont-define-bengalis-narrowly-like-bjp-does/293284/ |title=Amartya Sen has a message for Mamata: Don't define Bengalis narrowly like BJP does |first=Rajat |last=Roy |work=ThePrint |date=20 September 2019}}</ref> During the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 West Bengal Assembly election]], state BJP president [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]] mocked the widespread veneration of goddess [[Durga]] among Bengali Hindus, claiming that [[Shaktism|veneration of goddesses]] had made [[Bengali Hindus]] effeminate as a whole and insisted that Bengali Hindus should abandon her worship and follow the [[Hindi Belt|Hindi belt]]'s example of venerating figures like the gods [[Rama]] (who had become the mascot of [[Hindu nationalism]] due to the [[Ram Janmabhoomi movement|Rama Janmabhoomi movement]]) and [[Hanuman]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2021 |title=Row over Dilip Ghosh's remark about Durga at India Today Conclave |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/row-over-dilip-ghosh-s-remark-about-durga-at-india-today-conclave-1768953-2021-02-13 |access-date=25 July 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, several incidents involving Bengali-speaking [[Migrant workers in India|migrant workers]] (mostly [[Bengali Muslims|Bengali Muslim]], but also Bengali Hindus) being detained and harassed over allegations of being [[Illegal immigration to India|Bangladeshi infiltrators]] were reported from [[Odisha]], [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Chhattisgarh]]. This came amid a lowtide in [[Bangladesh–India relations|India-Bangladesh relations]] following the [[July Uprising]] in Bangladesh which saw the [[Premiership of Sheikh Hasina|Hasina administration]] being replaced by an [[Interim government of Muhammad Yunus#Foreign affairs|interim government of Muhammad Yunus]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Attacked in Odisha for being Bengali: 'Our religion wasn't asked but provincial identity invoked' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/attacked-in-odisha-for-being-bengali-our-religion-wasnt-asked-but-provincial-identity-invoked-fury-migrant-workers-prnt/cid/2097092 |website=The Telegraph India |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nag |first1=Jayatri |title=Alleged detention, deportation of Indian citizens snowball into major row in Bengal |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/alleged-detention-deportation-of-indian-citizens-snowball-into-major-row-in-bengal/articleshow/122348727.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=9 July 2025 |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bengal Chief Secretary Alleges Harassment Of Bengali Migrants In Odisha |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bengal-chief-secretary-alleges-harassment-of-bengali-migrants-in-odisha-8821462 |website=NDTV |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Can't be a silent spectator': Calcutta HC on Odisha detaining Bengal migrants |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cant-be-a-silent-spectator-calcutta-hc-on-odisha-detaining-bengal-migrants/articleshow/122377174.cms |website=The Times of India |date=11 July 2025 |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samata Biswas |first=The Sanskrit College and University |date=23 July 2025 |title=The world's largest democracy is on the path to creating South Asia's new stateless population |url=https://scroll.in/article/1084771/the-worlds-largest-democracy-is-on-the-path-to-creating-south-asias-new-stateless-population |access-date=23 July 2025 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> The incidents triggered political and social backlash in West Bengal, with leaders and activists calling it [[Racial profiling|ethnic profiling]] and a violation of migrant rights.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress's Adhir meets Bengali migrant workers, expresses concern over 'parallel policing' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/congresss-adhir-meets-bengali-migrant-workers-expresses-concern-over-parallel-policing/article70470774.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=6 January 2026 |language=en-IN |date=4 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mob attacks police for arresting TMC worker in Bengal's Sandeshkhali, 6 cops injured |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/mob-attacks-police-for-arresting-tmc-worker-in-bengals-sandeshkhali-6-cops-injured/articleshow/126319530.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=6 January 2026 |date=3 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Migrant worker from West Bengal lynched in Odisha, six arrested |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1089571/migrant-worker-from-west-bengal-lynched-in-odisha-six-arrested |website=Scroll.in |access-date=6 January 2026 |language=en-In |date=25 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Suhrid Sankar |title=Bengali Muslim Migrant Workers Face Rising Attacks in Odisha, 2025 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/bengali-migrant-attacks-odisha/article70387732.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=6 January 2026 |language=en |date=12 December 2025}}</ref>

===Militant anti-Bengali organisations===
* [[Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council]],<ref name="auto6"/> [[Meghalaya]] (banned, designated as a terrorist organisation by the [[government of India]])
* [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rubin |first1=Barry |author1-link=Barry Rubin |last2=Rubin |first2=Judith Colp |title=Chronologies of Modern Terrorism |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47465-4 |page=378 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynNsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA378}}</ref> [[Tripura]] (banned, designated as a terrorist organisation by the government of India)
* [[All Tripura Tiger Force]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rubin |first1=Barry |author1-link=Barry Rubin |last2=Rubin |first2=Judith Colp |title=Chronologies of Modern Terrorism |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47465-4 |page=375 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynNsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA378}}</ref> Tripura
* [[United Liberation Front of Asom]], an insurgent group of Assam categorised as a terrorist organisation by the government of India seeking independence of the state from India,<ref>{{cite web |title=Banned Terrorist Organisations - Schedule I - First Schedule ( of the UA(P) Act, 1967) |url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119203117/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2014 |work=[[National Investigation Agency]] |access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref> targeting Bengali and non-[[Assamese people|Assamese]] communities, and advocating ethnic exclusivism within Assam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Sumir |date=15 October 2023 |title=Ulfa-I asks Bengalis in Assam to clear stand on the demand for separation of Barak Valley |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/assam/ulfa-i-asks-bengalis-in-assam-to-clear-stand-on-the-demand-for-separation-of-barak-valley-2727732 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref>
* [[Veer Lachit Sena]], an extremist organisation in Assam, is notorious for targeting Bengali and non-Assamese communities, engaging in harassment, physical assault, threats, [[Hate speech in India|hate speech]], and using derogatory remarks and racist rhetoric against [[Bengali Hindus in Assam]] as well as Bengali Muslims.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ban on Lachit Sena demanded by civil society group in Assam |url=https://assamtribune.com/assam/ban-on-lachit-sena-demanded-by-civil-society-group-in-assam-1502405 |work=[[The Assame Tribune]] |date=1 November 2023 |access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref>

===Assam===
{{See also|Bengali Hindus in Assam}}
The presence of Bengalis in Assam dates back to the [[Company rule in India|British]] conquest of the [[Ahom kingdom]] following the [[First Anglo-Burmese War|1st Anglo-Burmese war]], who immigrated alongside [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkhas]] and [[Tea-garden community|tea tribes]] to fill in the void caused by the massive depopulation of the [[Brahmaputra Valley]] following the [[Moamoria rebellion]] and [[Burmese invasions of Assam|Burmese conquest]]. This changed the [[demographics of Assam]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2026}}

According to Subir Deb, the author of ''Story of Bengal and the Bengalis'', anti-Bengali sentiment in Assam was deliberately fomented by the British in the colonial times.<ref name="ds4Sep2021" /> The British and their [[Bhadralok|Bengali Hindu middle class]] bureaucrats imposed [[Bengali language]] upon the [[Assamese people]] by banning [[Assamese language]] and designating Bengali the official language of colonially administered Assam [[Dark Age of the Assamese language|between 1836 and 1873]], which included the Bengali-majority areas of three districts ([[Cachar district|Cachar]], [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]] and [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]]) in the [[Barak Valley]] region, however, they also defined the map of Assam in such a way that many languages and communities (ethnic and indigenous) overlapped, creating language strife among the communities.<ref name="auto15">{{Cite web |url=https://thewire.in/rights/assam-nrc-anti-foreigner-bengali-assamese |title=Decades of Discord: Assam Against Itself |website=thewire.in}}</ref>

Colonisers also introduced the infamous "[[Inner Line Permit|line system]]", which segregated Bengali settlers in Assam from its indigenous people, starting the system in [[Nagaon district|Nawgaon district]] in 1920.<ref name="ds4Sep2021" /> From 1921 to 1931, the system was enforced in Nawgaon district, where immigrants constituted 14% of the population. It was also implemented in [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]] sub-division of [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]] and [[Darrang district|Darang]]. In 1937, a 9-member Line System Committee was formed by the government. The general consensus of the committee was that "the line system was a temporary mechanism created to check the unrestricted inflow of the immigrants into open areas and to protect the demographic composition against disruption and disturbance".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pegu |first1=Rinku |title=The Line System and the Birth of a Public Sphere in Assam: Immigrant, Alien, and Citizen |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2004 |volume=65 |pages=586–596 |jstor=44144773 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44144773 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> However, even after successive governments, the line system was not abolished, continuing to segregate Bengalis from the indigenous and tribal people.<ref name="ds4Sep2021" />

The hostilites were further exacerbated by the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] in 1947, as part of the [[partition of India]], with many [[East Bengali refugees]] migrating into Assam. The 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] also saw Bengalis escaping the [[Bangladesh genocide]] and migrating into the state.

Neglect of Northeast India, especially regarding the [[Bangladesh–India border|India-Bangladesh border]] by the [[Government of India|union government]] has fostered [[Illegal immigration to India|illegal immigration]] of [[Islam in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Muslims]] seeking better economic opportunities and [[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Hindus]] fleeing [[Persecution of Hindus#Bangladesh|religious persecution]] into Assam. The continued flow of Bengali immigration into the state is cited as the main reason for anti-Bengali sentiment among the Assamese and [[List of Scheduled Tribes in Assam|tribal communities]], which finally burst out in the 1980s as the [[Assam Movement|Assam movement]]. Bengali Hindus and Bengali Muslims have been targeted by Assamese nationalist organisations and political parties. They are discriminatively tagged as "[[Bongal]]" (outsider Bengalis) in the context of Assam's linguistic politics.<ref>{{cite web |title=At Bangla Bhasha Divas event in Delhi, call to unite Bengalis across India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/at-bangla-bhasha-divas-event-in-delhi-call-to-unite-bengalis-across-india/cid/1989133 |website=The Telegraph India |date=21 February 2024 |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref> Bengalis living in Assam are routinely called 'Bangladeshis' and harassed.<ref>{{cite web |title=At Bangla Bhasha Divas event in Delhi, call to unite Bengalis across India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/at-bangla-bhasha-divas-event-in-delhi-call-to-unite-bengalis-across-india/cid/1989133 |website=The Telegraph India |date=21 February 2024 |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref>

On 10 October 1960, [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]], the then-[[Chief Minister of Assam]], presented a bill in the [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] to declare [[Assamese language|Assamese]] as the sole official language of the Assam.<ref name="abc">{{cite news |script-title=bn:বিস্মৃত বলিদান |last=Chowdhury |first=Ranajit |url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=3850&boxid=32416359 |date=19 May 2013 |work=Ei Samay |language=bn |access-date=22 May 2013 |archive-date=25 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725013956/http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=3850&boxid=32416359 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ranendra Mohan Das, the then-MLA from [[Karimganj North Assembly constituency|Karimganj (North) assembly constituency]] and an ethnic Bengali, protested against the bill, arguing that it would impose the language of one third of the population over the remaining two thirds.<ref name="abc" /> On 24 October, the bill was passed in the Assam legislative assembly, thereby marking Assamese as the only official language of the state. The law forcefully imposed Assamese on Bengalis in terms of employment and education. This resulted in [[Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)|massive protests]] from the Barak Valley, which was home to many East Bengali refugees. These protests succeeded in establishing Bengali as an additional official language in the Barak Valley, which led to a reactive [[Assam separatist movements|insurgency by the Assamese]] against the Bengalis in Assam and to numerous massacres.<ref name="auto15"/>

In 1972, during the [[Assamese language movement]], Bengalis were targeted. In [[Gauhati University]], Bengali Hindus were attacked. Around 14,000 Bengali Hindus fled to West Bengal and elsewhere in the Northeast.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sekhawat |first=Vibhuti Singh |title=Assam: From Accord to ULFA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW2x76MPOhoC |access-date=6 March 2014 |year=2007 |publisher=Anamika Publishers |isbn=9788179751695 |page=88}}</ref> Agitation in 1979 led to frequent curfews and strikes called by the [[All Assam Students' Union]] (AASU) and other local organisations. Trains were attacked, and central government employees of the [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]], [[Indian Airlines]], and the [[Indian Railways|Railways]] were intimidated and asked to leave the state.<ref name="auto19">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791215-assam-meghalaya-in-the-throes-of-widespread-communal-trouble-822290-2014-02-11 |title=Assam, Meghalaya in the throes of widespread communal trouble |newspaper=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Bengali settlements were attacked throughout the Brahmaputra Valley. In 1983, Bengali Hindus were attacked numerous times during the agitation. Abusive graffiti targeting Bengali Hindus became commonplace and Assamese rioters referred to then West Bengal chief minister [[Jyoti Basu]] as the "Bastard son of Bengal".<ref name="auto7"/> Effigies of Basu were also hung from light posts and trees.<ref name="auto19"/>

====Bongal Kheda (1960s)====
{{Main|Bongal Kheda}}
In June 1960, during the anti-Bengali [[Bongal Kheda]] ({{lit|Expell the Bengali}}) movement, frequent attacks on Bengali Hindus started in [[Cotton College, Guwahati|Cotton College]] in [[Guwahati]] and then spread to the rest of the state.<ref name="ti">{{cite news |url=http://www.tripurainfoway.com/column-details/173/a-taste-of-british-judiciary-amp-infamous-bongal-kheda.html |title=A Taste of British Judiciary & infamous 'Bongal Kheda' |last=Datta |first=Rathin |work=TripuraINFOWAY.com |publisher=Tripura Infoway News |access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> An Assamese mob attacked innocent Bengali Hindu settlements in the Brahmaputra Valley. The [[District magistrate|District Magistrate]] of Guwahati, who was a Bengali Hindu, was attacked by a mob of around 100 people inside his residence and stabbed.<ref name="ew30071960">{{harvtxt|Chakravarti|1960}}</ref> Another Bengali Hindu, the [[Deputy inspector general of police|Deputy Inspector General of Police]], was also stabbed.<ref name="ew30071960"/> Bengali students of Guwahati University, Dibrugarh Medical College and [[Assam Medical College]] were forcibly expelled from these institutions.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ittefaq.com.bd/print-edition/vino-chikhe/2016/02/19/102987.html |script-title=bn:যে আগুন ছড়িয়ে গেল... |last=Chowdhury |first=Anwar |date=19 February 2016 |work=Daily Ittefaq |language=bn |access-date=26 June 2017 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> In [[Dibrugarh]], Bengali Hindu houses were looted and burnt, and their occupants were beaten up, knifed, and driven out.<ref name="ti"/> 500,000 Bengalis were displaced from Assam and taken to West Bengal.<ref name="Bhaumik2008"/>

====Goreswar massacre (1960)====
{{Main|Goreswar massacre}}
The [[Goreswar massacre]] was a planned attack on Bengali Hindus living in [[Goreswar]] in the [[Kamrup district]] (now the [[Baksa district]]). As per a secret July meeting at a school in [[Sibsagar]], a students' strike was organised for the next day at Sibsagar. Groups of students and youths were sent to [[Jorhat]], Dibrugarh, and other adjoining areas to communicate the decision of the meeting.<ref name="paula2005">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfeHAwAAQBAJ&q=bengalis+killed+goreswar&pg=PA150 |title=Internal Displacement in South Asia: The Relevance of the UN's Guiding Principles |last1=Banerjee |first1=Paula |last2=Chaudhury |first2=Sabyasachi Basu Ray |last3=Das |first3=Samir Kumar |date=7 January 2005 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=9788132101987 |language=en}}</ref> In the Brahmaputra Valley, Assamese mobs started attacking Bengalis. On 14 July 1960, riots began in Sibsagar with the looting of Bengali shops and assaults on several Bengalis. In lower Assam (Kamrup, Nawgaon and [[Goalpara]]), intense violence occurred in 25 villages in Goreswar. An Assamese mob of 15,000, armed with guns and other weapons, attacked Bengali shops and houses,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffe4dMu4p_gC&q=%22north+kamrup%22+%22riots%22&pg=PA214 |title=Discovery of North-East India |last1=Sharma |first1=Suresh Kant |last2=Sharma |first2=Usha |date=2015 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=9788183240390 |language=en}}</ref> destroying 4,019 huts and 58 houses.<ref name="paula2005" /><ref name="bhaumik2009">{{cite book |last=Bhaumik |first=Subir |title=Troubled Periphery: The Crisis of India's North East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRjDwAAQBAJ |access-date=22 October 2018 |date=10 December 2009 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=9789352801817}}</ref> According to the inquiry commission, at least nine Bengalis were killed, one woman was attacked and raped, and nearly 1,000 Bengali Hindus fled from the area during the riot.<ref name=dutta2012>{{cite thesis |last=Dutta |first=Uddipan |date=31 December 2012 |title=The Role of Language Management and Language Conflict in the Transition of Post Colonial Assamese Identity |type=PhD |chapter=Chapter 4: Communal Riots on Language Issues |publisher=Gauhati University |page=98-99 |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/116506/9/09_chapter%204.pdf |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> The violence continued for months. Between July and September 1960, nearly 50,000 Bengali Hindus fled to West Bengal.<ref name="paula2005"/>

====North Kamrup violence (1980)====
{{Main|North Kamrup violence}}
In some districts of lower Assam, [[Kamrupi people|Kamrupi]] Bengali Hindus were harassed as foreigners and became the target of violence. On 3 January 1980, a group of students of Baganpara High School were visiting Barikadanga to supervise a three-day strike in response to a call given by the AASU for supporting the anti-Bengali movement. In 1981, the Assamese killed nearly 100 Kamrupi Bengali Hindus. Along with Assamese locals, Kamrupi Muslims attacked the Bengali Hindus and spread violence.<ref name="kamrupi">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L1i51KFUyzIC&q=%22north+kamrup%22+%22pogrom%22&pg=PA204 |title=Contemporary Political Leadership in India: Sharad Pawar, the Maratha legacy |last1=Bakshi |first1=Shiri Ram |last2=Sharma |first2=Sita Ram |last3=Gajrani |first3=S. |date=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=9788176480086 |language=en}}</ref>

====Khoirabari massacre (1983)====
{{Main|Khoirabari massacre}}
After the partition of India, Bengali Hindus from India and Bengali Hindu refugees from East Bengal settled in [[Khoirabari]] in the [[Mangaldoi]] sub-division of the Darrang district. During the assembly election on 14 February 1983, the activists of the Assam movement blocked access and cut communications to the Bengali enclaves. Assamese groups, who held resentments towards the Bengalis, took advantage of the resulting isolation and surrounded and attacked the Bengali villages at night. As result, the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] and polling agents could not be sent to Khoirabari. Bengali Hindus had taken shelter at the Khoirabari School,<ref name="goswami">{{cite book |last1=Goswami |first1=Sabita |title=Along the Red River: A Memoir |year=2014 |publisher=Zubaan |isbn=978-93-83074-26-6 |page=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7t5DAAAQBAJ |access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> where the Assamese mob attacked them.<ref name="goswami" /> According to [[Indian Police Service]] officer E. M. Rammohun, more than 100 immigrant Bengali Hindus refugees were killed in the massacre.<ref name=rammohun2005>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KclwPdsveMQC |title=Insurgent Frontiers: Essays from the Troubled Northeast |last=Rammohan |first=E. N. |date=2005 |publisher=India Research Press |isbn=978-81-87943-80-8 |language=en}}</ref> According to journalist [[Shekhar Gupta]], more than 500 immigrant Bengali Hindus were killed.<ref name="gupta1984">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Shekhar |title=Assam: A Valley Divided |date=1984 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-7069-2537-1 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZbaAAAAMAAJ |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barpujari |first1=H. K. |title=North-East India: Problems, Policies, and Prospects : Since Independence |date=1998 |publisher=Spectrum Publication |isbn=978-81-85319-81-0 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FluAAAAMAAJ |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> The survivors took shelter in the [[Khoirabari railway station]].<ref name=rammohun2005 />

====Silapathar massacre (1983)====
{{Main|Silapathar massacre}}
In [[Silapathar]], undivided [[Lakhimpur district]], Assam, Bengali Hindus had been residents for two decades, as an ethnic minority in the region. In February 1983, Assamese mobs attacked the Bengali villagers with machetes, bows and arrows, burnt houses, and destroyed several bridges which connected the remote area. The villagers escaped into the jungle, and spent days without adequate food or shelter. Journalist Sabita Goswami claimed that according to government sources, more than 1,000 people were killed in the clashes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Goswami |first=Sabita |title=Along the Red River: A Memoir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7t5DAAAQBAJ |access-date=23 April 2017 |date=11 March 2014 |isbn=9789383074266 |chapter=27 |publisher=Zubaan}}</ref> The survivors fled to [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref name="upi24021983">{{cite news |url=http://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/02/24/Army-troops-rushed-Thursday-to-northeastern-Assam-state-where/5756414910800/ |title=Army troops rushed Thursday to northeastern Assam state where... |last=Roy |first=S.G. |date=24 February 1983 |work=upi.com |publisher=Upi.com |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref>

====Nellie massacre (1983)====
{{Main|Nellie massacre}}
In the assembly elections of 1983, [[Indira Gandhi]] gave the right to vote to 4 million immigrants from Bangladesh. After the decision, the AASU launched a pogrom<ref name=Hussain>{{cite book |last=Hussain |first=Monirul |title=The Fleeing People of South Asia: Selections from Refugee Watch |date=1 February 2009 |publisher=Anthem |isbn=978-8190583572 |page=261 |editor=Sibaji Pratim Basu}}</ref> on 18 February 1983, attacking Bengali Muslims in 14 villages.<ref>{{Citation |last=Rehman |first=Teresa |title=Nellie Revisited: The Horror's Nagging Shadow |newspaper=Tehelka |date=30 September 2006 |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main19.asp?filename=Ne093006the_horrors.asp |access-date=19 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111192753/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main19.asp?filename=Ne093006the_horrors.asp |archive-date=11 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The massacre claimed the lives of 2,191 people, with unofficial figures estimating more than 10,000 dead.<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/umain30/genesis-of-nellie-massacre-and-assam-agitation Genesis of nellie massacre and assam agitation], Indilens news team, Retrieved 10 November 2015.</ref> No one was held responsible for these mass killings as a part of the 1985 [[Assam Accord]].<ref name=Harsh>{{cite news |last=Mander |first=Harsh |title=Nellie : India's forgotten massacre |date=14 December 2008 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/12/14/stories/2008121450100300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216010719/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/12/14/stories/2008121450100300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2008 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref>

====2000 onwards====
{{Main|2018 Tinsukia killings}}
On 1 November 2018, [[2018 Tinsukia killings|five Bengali Hindus were killed]] on the banks of Brahmaputra near Kherbari village in the [[Tinsukia district]] of Assam. [[United Liberation Front of Asom]] were suspected to be responsible for the massacre.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 November 2018 |title=Bloodbath In Assam: ULFA Militants Murder Five Bengalis in Tinsukia |url=https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/bloodbath-in-assam-ulfa-militants-murder-five-bengalis-in-tinsukia/ |work=Barak Bulletin |access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>

In 2021, two Bengali Muslims were killed during an eviction drive by the [[government of Assam]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/2-die-in-assam-eviction-drive/article36638255.ece |title=2 die in Assam eviction drive |date=23 September 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

===Meghalaya===
Presence of Bengalis in [[Shillong]] date back to the British conquest of the region, which was further enlarged following the partition of Bengal. Most of the Assamese left the area after Assam was formed, but Indian Bengalis who settled during the British rule and refugees from East Bengal remained there.<ref name="auto18">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/06/05/shillong-violence-and-the-rhetoric-of-pure-blood |title=Shillong violence and the rhetoric of 'pure blood' |first=Samrat |last=X |website=Newslaundry |date=5 June 2018}}</ref> Assam's Bongal Kheda movement influenced Meghalaya to drive Bengalis and other minorities out of the state. The [[Seng Khasi Movement|Khasi Students' Union]] (KSU) was created on 20 March 1978 for this purpose.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

1979's [[Khasi people|Khasi]]-Bengali riot was the first major riot in Shillong which was directed against the local Bengali minority. On 22 October 1979, a fight between Khasis and Bengalis took place after a Khasi man allegedly damaged the [[Kali]] idol of Lal Villa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cuttingthechai.com/2019/10/8567/a-riot-that-changed-a-city-40-years-of-79er-gondogul-the-1979-shillong-anti-bengali-riots/ |title=A riot that changed a city: 40 years of 79'er gondogul - the 1979 Shillong anti-Bengali riots |date=22 October 2019}}</ref> Afterwards, Bengali houses across Laitumukhra in Shillong were burnt down by the Khasi tribes.<ref name="auto19"/> The riots escalated strife between these communities, which would continue through the 1980s and 1990s. Nearly 20,000 Bengalis were displaced from the state in 1979, mainly from the capital Shillong, following an anti-Bengali riot.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/conflict-country/articleshow/15724883.cms |title=Conflict country |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/tribal-vs-non-tribal-1502863282.html |title=Tribal Vs Non-Tribal |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=6 March 2020}}</ref> A separatist militant outfit, [[Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council]] (HNLC), was created, and instigated several riots in 1992. Most of the Bengalis moved to West Bengal or the Barak Valley of Assam, or became [[Internally displaced person|internal refugees]] in Assam.<ref name="auto18"/><ref name="sm6Mar2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/tribal-vs-non-tribal-1502863282.html/amp |title=Tribal Vs Non-Tribal |work=The Statesman |date=6 March 2020}}</ref>

====2000 onwards====
After 2008, the situation was relatively peaceful in Shillong. From 2006 to 2017, the HNLC members increased from 4 lakh to more than a million.<ref name="sm6Mar2020"/>

In February 2020, the HNLC warned all Bengali Hindus to leave the [[Ichamati River|Ichamati]] and Majai areas within one month. In a statement, HNLC general secretary Sainkumar Nongtraw warned of "mass bloodshed" if Bengali Hindus did not leave Meghalaya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meghalaya-extremists-ask-non-tribal-group-to-leave/article30965125.ece |title=Meghalaya extremists ask non-tribal group to leave t |date=2 March 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> After two days, more than a dozen non-tribals (including Bengalis) were assaulted by a group of masked tribal assailants in different parts of the Khasi Hills, and ten men were stabbed in Shillong.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Members of the Student's Union tried to burn down a house, which led to retaliation from the local non-tribals.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-police-books-banned-militant-group-in-meghalaya-after-threat-to-bengali-hindus/348296 |title=Police Books Banned Militant Group In Meghalaya After Threat To Hindu-Bengalis |magazine=Outlook |date=14 February 2022}}</ref>

KSU, continuing its influence in Meghalaya, put up banners and posters, saying "All Meghalaya Bengalis are Bangladeshis".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shillong/anti-bengali-posters-in-meghalaya-police-warn-outfit-of-action/articleshow/78821134.cms |title=Anti-Bengali posters in Meghalaya, police warn outfit of action | Shillong News |website=The Times of India |date=23 October 2020}}</ref>

===Tripura===
According to royal census reports, in 1947, 93% of [[Tripura (princely state)|Tripura]]'s population consisted of [[Kokborok]]-speaking [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] citizens <ref name="ie10Jan2020"/><ref name="auto3"/> After the partition of India, Bengali Hindus from neighbouring [[Comilla District|Comilla]], [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]] and [[Chittagong District|Chittagong]] districts of then East Bengal, as well as [[Brahmanbaria District|Brahmanberia]] area of [[Dhaka District|Dhaka district]], and [[Moulvibazar District|Moulavibazar]] area of [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet]] (which was incorporated into East Bengal despite the results of the [[1947 Sylhet referendum|1947 referendum]]) fled into the princely state.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} This triggered a [[Demographics of Tripura|population explosion]] from 646,000 in 1951 to 1.15 million in 1961 and 1.5 million in 1971. This resulted in the Tripuri population share shrinking to 28.5 per cent.<ref name="auto3"/> Immigration of East Bengali Hindus into Tripura continued following the [[1950 East Pakistan riots|1950 riots]], [[1964 East Pakistan riots|1964 riots]] and the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 1977, a section of the Tripuris formed a political party called [[Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti]] (TUJS), which began to back extremist movements.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Their motive was to drive out "foreigners," i.e. Bengalis, from the state.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} TUJS leaders drew up an action programme for Bengali expulsion in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19800715-communal-riots-rock-tripura-state-govt-try-to-find-scapegoat-to-blame-mob-frenzy-on-821251-2014-01-22 |title=Communal riots rock Tripura, state govt try to find scapegoat to blame mob frenzy on |newspaper=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

The Nagarik Suraksha Mancha, a jointly-formed organisation for Bengalis, has blamed the [[Tipra Motha Party]] (The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance) its leader [[Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma|Pradyot Debbarma]] for the plight of Bengalis in Tripura and for allegedly spreading anti-Bengali sentiment among the Tripuri people.<ref name="hindu22Feb2020" />

====Mandai massacre (1980)====
{{Main|Mandai massacre}}
[[Mandai, India|Mandai]], an obscure village located about 60 km north east of [[Agartala]], is inhabited primarily by Tripuris with a Bengali minority. On the night of 6 June 1980, armed Tripuri tribal insurgent groups began to block the nontribal localities and to commit arson, violence and murder.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Thousands of Bengalis took shelter near the [[National Highway 8 (India)|National Highway 44]], and a relief camp was established at [[Khayerpur Assembly constituency|Khayerpur]] School where initial relief was administered to the Bengali refugees.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
From the afternoon of 7 June, the situation worsened, with reports of large-scale arson and looting in [[Jirania]] block, as well as arson on Bengali villages in [[Champaknagar]] and the foothills of [[Baramura]]. Many Bengalis had taken shelter at the police outpost in [[Mandwi]], which remained unmanned. An entire village was fired in Purba Noabadi. In Mandwi almost all houses and huts were destroyed, and 350-400 Bengalis were killed.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Those who survived were given shelter across different schools of Agartala.<ref name="paul">{{cite book |title=The Eyewitness: Tales from Tripura's Ethnic Conflict |last=Paul |first=Manas |year=2010 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1935501152 |pages=86–94 |access-date=16 July 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubVIbIN9UwsC}}</ref>

====Bagber massacre (2000)====
{{Main|Bagber massacre}}
Bagber is a village under the [[Kalyanpur, Tripura Assembly constituency|Kalyanpur]] police station in the [[West Tripura district]] of [[Tripura]].<ref name="ht22052000">{{cite news |title=19 Bengalis killed in Tripura |url=http://nevigil.freeservers.com/01062000i.htm#i08 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=22 May 2000 |access-date=21 August 2012}}</ref> In May 2000, during the ongoing ethnic riots, scores of Bengali Hindus had taken shelter at a refugee camp in Bagber.<ref>{{cite news |title=SPOs in Tripura give Cong jitters |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030105/asp/northeast/story_1543430.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203133940/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030105/asp/northeast/story_1543430.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 January 2003 |access-date=16 July 2012}}</ref> On 20 May, a heavily armed group of around 60 National Liberation Front of Tripura militants raided the Bagber village.<ref>{{cite news |title=19 Killed in Tripura Massacre Rerun |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1000522/the_east.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203213110/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1000522/the_east.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2013 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=21 May 2000 |access-date=16 July 2012}}</ref> The militants then targeted the inmates at the refugee camp, where they killed around 20 and injured several others.<ref>{{cite news |title=Terror in Tripura |last=Chaudhuri |first=Kalyan |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1712/17120410.htm |magazine=Frontline |volume=17 |issue=12 |date=23 May 2000 |access-date=16 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615122805/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1712/17120410.htm |archive-date=15 June 2011}}</ref>

====2020 Bru-resettlement====
The [[Government of Tripura|governments of Tripura]] and [[Government of Mizoram|Mizoram]] and representatives of [[Bru people|Bru]] organisations signed an agreement on 16 January 2019 to allow nearly 35,000 Bru tribal people, who were displaced from Mizoram and lived in Tripura as refugees since 1997, to settle permanently in Tripura.<ref name="Hindu20Jan2020"/> The Tripura government selected 12 places including [[Kanchanpur Assembly constituency|Kanchanpur]].<ref name="hindu21Nov2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/police-firing-at-protesters-in-tripura/article33151044.ece |title=One killed, more than 20 injured in police firing at protesters in Tripura |first=Syed Sajjad |last=Ali |date=21 November 2020 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> This resulted in conflict between the Brus and the local Bengali non-tribal people who used to live there for decades.<ref name="hindu22Feb2020"/> Protests took place against the settlement, and the state government used violence in dispersing the mobs.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Over 6,000 Bengali people were thrown out of their homes by Bru migrants.<ref name="ie10Jan2020"/> After the violence of 10 December, Nagarik Suraksha Mancha was formed for the protection of Bengalis.<ref name="hindu22Feb2020"/> On 21 November 2020, one Bengali was killed and more than 20 were injured in open fire from police.<ref name="hindu21Nov2020"/>

==Pakistan==
{{See also|Bengalis in Pakistan}}
[[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan]] is an [[Islamism|Islamist]] political party. It is the Pakistani successor to [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], which was founded in [[British Raj|British India]] in 1941. JIP opposed the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] (1971),<ref>{{citation |last1=Haqqani |first1=Husain |title=Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military |date=2005 |url=http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20%281%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013162307/http://www.pakhtunkhwa.pk/sites/default/files/Publications/Pakistan%20between%20Mosque%20and%20Military%20by%20Hussain%20Haqqani%20(1).pdf |archive-date=13 October 2017 |url-status=dead |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |ref={{sfnref|Haqqani, Pakistan between Mosque and Military|2005}} |author-link=Husain Haqqani}}</ref> with [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]], its student organisation, organising the [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]] paramilitary group to fight the [[Mukti Bahini]] (the Bengali nationalist guerrilla movement). JIP members collaborated with the [[Pakistan Army]] in perpetrating the [[Bangladesh genocide]].<ref>Arefin S. {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20120523103603/http://freebanglaebooks.com/bangla-ebook/muktijuddho-71-punished-war-criminals-under-dalal-law/ "Muktijuddho '71: Punished War Criminals Under Dalal Law."]}} Bangladesh Research and Publications.</ref><ref>[http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/?page_id=14] Bangladesh Genocide Archive website. Accessed 9 March 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nabi |first=Dr Nuran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_OUc-TvGOIC&dq=jamaat+e+islami&pg=PA108 |title=Bullets of '71: A Freedom Fighter's Story |date=2010-08-27 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4520-4383-8}}</ref>

===1971 Bangladesh genocide===
{{Excerpt|Bangladesh genocide}}

==== Perpetrators ====
* [[Pakistan Army]], committed the genocide in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).<ref>{{cite book |last=Bass |first=Gary J. |title=The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide |publisher=[[Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group]] |year=2013a |isbn=978-0385350471}}</ref>
* [[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]],<ref name="2005-12-14">{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Asadullah |date=14 December 2005 |title=The loss continues to haunt us |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2005/12/14/d512141501115.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305011706/http://www.thedailystar.net/2005/12/14/d512141501115.htm |archive-date=5 March 2013 |access-date=5 April 2006 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |type=Point-Counterpoint}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |date=1971 |title=Newsfront |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2569111 |journal=Pakistan Forum |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=20–25 |issn=0315-7725}}</ref> a gendarmerie and paramilitary force in East Pakistan organised by General [[Tikka Khan]] in 1971. They were organised as a counter-insurgency force to fight Mukti Bahini, and played an infamous role in the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. The Razakars were disbanded following Pakistan's defeat and surrender in the war.
* [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]],<ref name="2006-06-18">Many of the eyewitness accounts of relations that were picked up by "Al Badr" forces describe them as Bengali men. The only survivor of the Rayerbazar killings describes the captors and killers of Bengali professionals as fellow Bengalis. See 37 Dilawar Hossain, account reproduced in 'Ekattorer Ghatok-dalalera ke Kothay' (Muktijuddha Chetona Bikash Kendro, Dhaka, 1989)</ref> a militia composed mainly of pro-Pakistan militants mostly [[Bihari Muslims]] and [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]], which operated in East Pakistan against the Bengali nationalist movement under the patronage of the government of Pakistan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite Banglapedia|last=Mamoon|first=Muntassir|article=Al-Badr}}</ref><ref name="Sisson">{{cite book |last1=Sisson |first1=Richard |title=War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh |last2=Rose |first2=Leo E. |date=1991 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-07665-5 |page=165}}</ref>
* [[Al-Shams (East Pakistan)|Al-Shams]],<ref name="2005-12-14" /> a [[Wartime collaboration|collaborationist]] paramilitary wing allied with several Islamist parties in East Pakistan,<ref>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Al-Shams}}</ref> comprising both local Bengalis and Muhajirs.<ref name="Saikia">{{cite book |last1=Saikia |first1=Yasmin |title=Women, War, and the Making of Bangladesh: Remembering 1971 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8223-9428-0 |page=40}}</ref> Alongside the Pakistan Army and Al-Badr, Al-Shams has been accused of participating in widespread atrocities against Bengali nationalists, civilians, and religious and ethnic minorities during the 1971 genocide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan's first two militant Islamist groups, Al-Badar and Al-Shams – by Nadeem F. Paracha |url=https://lubpak.com/archives/42543 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227153530/https://lubpak.com/archives/42543 |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=29 December 2015 |work=LUBP}}</ref> Following the war, the government of Bangladesh officially banned the group.
* [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee]],<ref name=":1" /> one of several committees formed in East Pakistan in 1971 to aid war efforts of the Pakistani forces. [[Nurul Amin]], as a leader of [[Pakistan Democratic Party]], led the formation of the Committee to thwart the Mukti Bahini.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Peace Committee}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 1971 |script-title=bn:ভারতীয় চক্রান্ত বরদাস্ত করব না |trans-title=We will never tolerate Indian conspiracy |newspaper=[[The Daily Sangram]]}}</ref><ref name="Rubin2010">{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=Barry A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA59 |title=Guide to Islamist Movements |publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7656-4138-0 |page=59}}</ref><ref name="Fair2010">{{cite book |last=Fair |first=C. Christine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RC-ANwtR_SoC&pg=PA22 |title=Pakistan: Can the United States Secure an Insecure State? |publisher=[[Rand Corporation]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8330-4807-3 |pages=21–22}}</ref>
* [[Mujahid Bahini (East Pakistan)|Mujahid Bahini]], an East Pakistani paramilitary force that fought against the Mukti Bahini<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=July 29, 1971|url=https://www.liberationwarmuseumbd.org/on-this-day/1971-07-29|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325080627/https://www.liberationwarmuseumbd.org/on-this-day/1971-07-29|archive-date=25 March 2023|access-date=5 October 2024|website=[[Liberation War Museum]]|language=bn, en}}</ref> and aided the Pakistan Army.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suliman Niloy|first=Quazi Shahreen Haq|date=13 November 2014|title=Tribunal sentences Khokon Razakar to death|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/tribunal-sentences-khokon-razakar-to-death|access-date=6 October 2024|website=[[BDNews24]]|language=en|quote=Zafor headed one of Nagarkanda’s ‘Mujahid Bahini’ to aid the Pakistani Army.}}</ref><ref name="US">{{Cite book |last=|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33UTAAAAIAAJ&dq=mujahid+bahini&pg=PA130|title=Relief Problems in Bangladesh: Hearing, Ninety-second Congress, Second Session|publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]]|year=1972|page=130|language=en}}</ref>

===Post 1971===
{{See also|Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh}}
By the 1990s continuous migration of Bangladeshis, mostly illegal,<ref>Mehdi, Syed Sikander. "[https://befare.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2nd-Policy-Review.pdf Illegal migration, human smuggling and trafficking: From Bangladesh to Pakistan and beyond]." International Organization for Migration (2010).</ref> crossed the 1,500,000 mark. During the administration of Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]], members of the political party became concerned with the large Bangladeshi migrant population, afraid they could become the second largest group in [[Karachi]] after the Muhajir people and disturb sensitive [[Demographics of Karachi|demographics]]. Crime was also becoming a rising concern. Accordingly, Bhutto ordered a crackdown and deportation of Bangladeshi immigrants. Benazir Bhutto's action strained and created tensions in [[Bangladesh–Pakistan relations]], with [[Khaleda Zia]], who was in power in [[Dhaka]] during the time, refusing to accept the deportees and reportedly sending two planeloads back towards Pakistan and Muslim political parties in Pakistan criticising Bhutto and dubbing the crackdown as anti-Islamic. She was ultimately forced to abandon the order.<ref>{{cite news |title=Five million illegal immigrants residing in Pakistan |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/322325/five-million-illegal-immigrants-residing-in-pakistan/ |date=16 January 2012 |work=The Express Tribune |access-date=26 December 2016}}</ref>

==Myanmar==
{{Main|Kha Maung Seik massacre}}
{{See also|Bengali Hindus in Myanmar|Expulsion of Indians from Burma in 1962}}
Bengali Hindu villages in a cluster known as [[Kha Maung Seik]] in the northern [[Maungdaw District]] of [[Rakhine State]] in Myanmar [[Kha Maung Seik massacre|were attacked on 25 August 2017]], and 99 Bengali Hindu villagers were massacred by [[Rohingya people|Rohingya]] insurgents from the [[Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army]] (ARSA). A month later, the [[Myanmar Army]] discovered mass graves containing the corpses of 45 Hindus, most of whom were women and children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Myanmar: New evidence reveals Rohingya armed group massacred scores in Rakhine State |date=22 May 2018 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/myanmar-new-evidence-reveals-rohingya-armed-group-massacred-scores-in-rakhine-state/}}</ref>

==Anti-discrimination movements==
Many organisations were founded to protest ongoing discrimination and anti-Bengali sentiment.

===India===
====Bengali language movements in India====
{{Excerpt|Bengali language movements in India}}

=====Bengali language movement in Assam=====
{{Main|Bengali language movement (Barak Valley)}}
80% of Assam's [[Barak Valley]] are Bengali and speak Bengali, but a bill was passed in the Assam legislative assembly making Assamese the sole official language of the state.<ref name="es19052013-2">{{cite news |script-title=bn:বাঙালির চেতনায় শুধু একুশে, স্থান নেই উনিশের শহীদদের |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Baidyanath |date=19 May 2013 |work=Ei Samay |language=bn |location=Kolkata}}</ref> On 5 February 1961, the Cachar Gana Sangram Parishad was formed to protest the imposition of Assamese in the Bengali-speaking Barak Valley. People soon started protesting in [[Silchar]], [[Karimganj]] and [[Hailakandi]].<ref name="choudhuri">{{cite web |url=http://wethepeople-barakvalley.com/bhasha-shahid-divas-language-martyrs%E2%80%99-day/843 |title=Bhasha Shahid Divas |last=Choudhuri |first=Arjun |publisher=We The People, Barak Valley |access-date=23 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529232759/http://wethepeople-barakvalley.com/bhasha-shahid-divas-language-martyrs%E2%80%99-day/843 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 24 April, the Parishad flagged off a fortnight-long [[padayatra]] in the Barak Valley to raise awareness among the masses, which ended after 200 miles and reaching Silchar on 2 May.<ref name="es19052013-2"/>

On 18 May, the Assam police arrested three prominent leaders of the movement, namely Nalinikanta Das, Rathindranath Sen and Bidhubhushan Chowdhury, the editor of weekly ''Yugashakti''. On 19 May, the dawn to dusk [[hartal]] started. Picketing started in the sub-divisional towns of Silchar, Karimganj and Hailakandi. A [[Bedford Vehicles|Bedford truck]] carrying 9 arrested activists from [[Katigorah Assembly constituency|Katigorah]] was fired and the truck driver and the policemen escorting the arrested fled the spot.<ref name="choudhuri"/> Soon after that the paramilitary forces, guarding the railway station, started beating the protesters with rifle butts and batons without any provocation from them. They fired 17 rounds into the crowd. Twelve persons received bullet wounds and were carried to hospitals. Nine of them died that day. Two more persons died later. One person, Krishna Kanta Biswas survived for another 24 hours with a bullet wound in chest.<ref name="tsi04032013">{{cite news |url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/bn/story/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F/7/1256/ |script-title=bn:উনিশের সংগ্রাম অনন্য, অতুলনীয় |last=Laskar |first=Dilip Kanti |title=Today English Newspaper Update Headlines India- the Sunday Indian Online Magazine - - the Sunday Indian |date=4 March 2012 |work=The Sunday Indian |language=bn |access-date=23 May 2013 |archive-date=2 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902221121/http://www.thesundayindian.com/bn/story/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F/7/1256/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 20 May, the people of Silchar held a procession with the bodies of the martyrs in protest of the killings.<ref name="es19052013-2"/> After the incident and more protests, the Assam government had to withdraw the circular and Bengali was ultimately given official status in the three districts of Barak Valley.<ref name="tt27dec">{{cite news |title=No alliance with BJP, says AGP chief |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1031227/asp/northeast/story_2721710.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120914104422/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1031227/asp/northeast/story_2721710.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 September 2012 |access-date=26 May 2017 |newspaper=The Telegraph, Calcutta |date=27 December 2003}}</ref><ref name="toi9jun">{{cite news |title=Silchar rly station to be renamed soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Silchar-rly-station-to-be-renamed-soon/articleshow/4633120.cms?referral=PM |access-date=26 May 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 June 2009}}</ref>

=====Bengali language movement in Bihar=====
{{Excerpt|Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)}}

====Organisations====
* United Bengali Liberation Front (UBLF): Designed as a militant group, was created to protect Indian Bengalis against Tripuri militants and other tribal groups. The UBLF came into existence in 1995 after the militant [[All Tripura Tiger Force]] was formed against Bengali Hindus living in Tripura.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} The UBLF, though not a proscribed outfit under the [[Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002]], has been banned by the Tripura government for its involvement in the activities of separatist killings and murders.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/tripura/terrorist_outfits/ublf.htm |title=United Bengali Liberation Front, Tripura, India |website=[[South Asia Terrorism Portal]]}}</ref>
* United Bengal Liberation Army (UBLA): A militant outfit that claims to stand upright for Bengalis. They have condemned atrocities and discrimination against Bengali people in Meghalaya and released an ultimatum against anti-Bengali activities, warning of serious consequences.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.syllad.com/bengali-outfit-lashed-out-against-gorkha-demand-for-gorkhaland-in-bengal-land/ |title=Bengali outfit lashed out against Gorkha demand for Gorkhaland in Bengal land |date=24 October 2020 |website=Syllad}}</ref>
*[[Amra Bangali]]: In 1981, amid anti-Bengali violence in Northeast India, Amra Bangalee sparked protests.<ref>{{cite book |last=Van Schendel |first=Willem |date=2005 |title=The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia |publisher=Anthem Press |page=197 |isbn=978-1-84331-145-4 |quote="Bengali-speaking Indian citizens living in India ... resented being portrayed as infiltrators ... Fearing for their position, they began creating organizations to protect their interests, e.g. 'Amra Bangali' ... 'If the eviction of Bengalis from Assam does not stop, all Bengal will be set afire!' Slogan of the political group Amra Bangali ... 1981."}}</ref> The socio-political party is based on [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]'s [[progressive utilization theory]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://proutglobe.org/2012/03/amra-bangali/ |title=Amra Bangali |date=15 March 2012 |language=en-US |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IndExp08>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/who-are-the-amra-bangalis-/322021 |title=Who are the Amra Bangalis? |date=13 June 2008 |work=Indian Express |access-date=11 January 2013}}</ref> The party's primary goal was to stop Bengali eviction in Assam and the Northeast. They won some [[gram panchayat]] seats in the elections. In the 1980s, they entered the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]. Amra Bangali also demands a separate state as a homeland for Bengalis, where the Bengali language would be used in all official and non-official works.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/-bangalistan-may-take-tripura-back-to-its-bloody-past-11579716487421.html |title=Opinion | 'Bangalistan' may take Tripura back to its bloody past |first=Sudeep |last=Chakravarti |work=mint |date=22 January 2020}}</ref>
* [[Lok Sewak Sangh]]: Formed during the Manbhum Bengali language movement to promote use of the Bengali language in Bengali-dominated areas in southern Bihar state.<ref name="Ayyar1956">{{cite book |author=R. V. Krishna Ayyar |title=All India Election Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QSs-AAAAIAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=Oriental Publishers |page=32}}</ref> They labelled the imposition of Hindi as '[[linguistic imperialism]]'.<ref name=c/> After breaking with the [[Indian National Congress]], their elected officials resigned and were re-elected on LSS tickets.<ref name=c>{{cite book |title=Journal of Gandhian Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GyotAAAAIAAJ |volume=10 |year=1983 |publisher=Gandhi Bhawan, University of Allahabad. |pages=125, 127, 129}}</ref>
* Nagarik Suraksha Mancha: Formed during the 2020 Bru-resettlement in Tripura, when Bengali lands were given to the Bru tribals and police violence against Bengalis occurred.<ref name="hindu22Feb2020" /> The organisation provided the government with an 11-point demand, which includes repatriating Bru migrants to Mizoram and compensating those affected by violence during [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|anti-Citizenship Amendment Bill protests]].<ref name="ie10Jan2020" /> They placed strikes and protests against the government to secure land for Bengalis.<ref name="hindu22Feb2020" />
* [[Bangla Pokkho]]: Founded in 2019 by [[Indian Statistical Institute]] professor Garga Chatterjee, to protest [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] linguistic and cultural imposition. The organisation demands 100% reservation of government jobs for residents of West Bengal<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Jan/17/bangla-pokkho-seeks-job-education-reservation-ahead-of-bengal-polls-2251382.html |title='Bangla Pokkho' seeks job, education reservation ahead of Bengal polls - The New Indian Express |work=The New Indian Express |date=2 January 2021}}</ref> and 90% reservation in other job sectors, education, military, and administrative works.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/bangla-pokkho-seeks-job-education-reservation-for-bengalis-in-bengal/articleshow/80322882.cms |title='Bangla Pokkho' seeks job, education reservation for Bengalis in Bengal |website=The Times of India |date=18 January 2021}}</ref> Bangla Pokkho's demands resulted in the beginning of domicile reservation at [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/calcutta/calcutta-university-sets-domicile-term-for-tech-entry/cid/1800919 |title=Calcutta University sets domicile term for tech entry |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> and [[Jadavpur University]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ju-to-start-domicile-reservation-this-year/articleshow/69882203.cms |title=Jadavpur University to start domicile reservation this year | Kolkata News |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 June 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010092745/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ju-to-start-domicile-reservation-this-year/articleshow/69882203.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> the cancellation of expelling Bengalis in [[West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited|WBSEDCL]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kolkatatimes24.com/kolkata/69666/five-workers-were-sacked-from-the-income-tax-department-for-not-speaking-english/ |script-title=bn:ইংরেজি না বলার অপরাধে আয়কর দফতর থেকে ছাঁটাই পাঁচ কর্মী, প্রতিবাদ বাংলা পক্ষের |first=Ritika |last=Chakraborty |language=bn |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=26 October 2021 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025111722/https://kolkatatimes24.com/kolkata/69666/five-workers-were-sacked-from-the-income-tax-department-for-not-speaking-english/ |url-status=usurped}}</ref> and allowing majority Bengali players in [[Cricket Association of Bengal]] as well as the inclusion of Bengali language in online platforms. Bangla Pokkho, along with [[Kanchanpur Assembly constituency|Kanchanpur]] Nagarik Surakkha Mancha, cultivated a protest in Tripura that gathered more than 30,000 Bengalis to complain about social discrimination of Bengalis and the Bru-resettlement by the Tripura state BJP Government.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://aajkaal.in/news/national/bangla-pakkha-in-tripura--more-than-30-thousand-people-gathered-ftqo |script-title=bn:ত্রিপুরায় আমন্ত্রিত বাংলা পক্ষ, জনসভায় ভিড় ৩০,০০০ বাঙালির |work=Aajkaal |access-date=26 October 2021 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512023303/https://aajkaal.in/news/national/bangla-pakkha-in-tripura--more-than-30-thousand-people-gathered-ftqo |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Bangla o Bangla Bhasha Bachao Committee (BOBBBC): A [[Siliguri]]-based organisation that has protested against Gorkhaland formation. They accused the [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] of anti-Bengali activities in Darjeeling.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jun/27/as-gorkhas-lock-up-the-hills-plains-bengalis-threaten-a-siege-1621543.amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203014903/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jun/27/as-gorkhas-lock-up-the-hills-plains-bengalis-threaten-a-siege-1621543.amp |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2018 |title=As Gorkhas lock up the hills, plains Bengalis threaten a siege |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bangla-o-bangla-bhasa-bachao-committee-a-siliguri-based-organization-claiming-to-protect-the-interest-of-bengalis-has-opposed-west-bengal-chief-minister-mamata-banerjees-move-to-set-up-a-committee-to-examine-the-demand-of-gorkha-janmukti-morcha-for-inclusion-of-areas-in-dooars-and-terai-in-then-proposed-hill-council-for-darjeeling-we-must-be-allowed-to-participate-in-the-coming-tripartite-talks-with-gjm-committee-president-mukunda-mazumdar-said-in-kolkata-on-wednesday-/articleshow/9122916.cms |title=Bangla O Bangla Bhasa Bachao Committee, a Siliguri-based organization claiming to protect the interest of Bengalis, has opposed West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee's move to set up a committee to examine the demand of Gorkha Janmukti Morcha for inclusion of areas in Dooars and Terai in then proposed hill council for Darjeeling. "We must be allowed to participate in the coming tripartite talks with GJM," Committee president Mukunda Mazumdar said in Kolkata on Wednesday. |website=The Times of India |date=6 July 2011}}</ref>
* Jatiya Bangla Sommelan: Created on 9 December 2019 as a split from Bangla Pokkho. Both Jatiyo Bangla Sommelon and Bangla Pokkho came into being to counter the "imposition of Hindi" and "[[north Indian culture]]".<ref>{{cite news |last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |script-title=bn:বাংলা পক্ষে ভাঙন, হিন্দুত্ববাদী রাজনীতির অভিযোগ এনে তৈরি হল পৃথক সংগঠন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/huge-blow-to-bangla-pokkho-a-new-organization-comes-out-now-dgtl-1.1080575 |work=Anandabazar Patrika |date=10 December 2019 |language=bn}}</ref> Jatiyo Bangla Sammelan has [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|demonstrated against the Citizenship Amendment Act]] in different parts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news |author=Scroll Staff |title=CAA: Several detained after scuffle at Calcutta Book Fair, mob beats up police officer |url=https://scroll.in/latest/952595/citizenship-act-group-of-women-beat-up-police-officer-after-scuffle-over-law-at-calcutta-book-fair |work=Scroll.in |date=9 February 2020}}</ref> It has protested against the performing of [[Chhath|Chhath puja]] (a Hindu festival popular in neighbouring Bihar) in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengali Ethnic Groups Set Up Vigils, Prevent Chhath Puja In Kolkata's Lakes |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-bengali-ethnic-groups-set-up-vigils-prevent-chhath-puja-in-kolkatas-lakes/364943 |website=Outlookindia.com/ |date=21 November 2020}}</ref>
* Bhumiputra Unnayan Morcha of India (BHUMI): Founded on 16 July 2020 with a vision to spread political and social awareness among the people of Bengal and India to achieve constitutional rights and social justice and resist the forceful impose of any non-Bengali language and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2021 |title=Assam killings: Outcome of hate spread against Bengali Muslims |url=https://enewsroom.in/assam-killings-horror-bengali-muslims-kolkata/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=eNewsroom India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2020 |script-title=bn:ভূমির তরফে শেরে বাংলা আবুল কাশেম ফজলুল হকের জন্মবার্ষিকী পালন |url=https://www.bbnews365.com/bhumiputra-unnayan-morcha-of-india-celebrates-the-birth-anniversary-of-sher-e-bangla-abul-kashem-fazlul-huq/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=bbnews365.com |language=bn |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212030319/https://www.bbnews365.com/bhumiputra-unnayan-morcha-of-india-celebrates-the-birth-anniversary-of-sher-e-bangla-abul-kashem-fazlul-huq/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Pakistan===
====Bengali language movement====
{{Excerpt|Bengali language movement}}

==See also==
*[[Persecution of Bengali Hindus]]
*[[Persecution of Bengali Muslims]]
*[[Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal]]
*[[National Register of Citizens]]
*[[Racism in India]]
**[[Racism against Northeast Indians]]
*[[Racism in Pakistan]]
*[[Racism in Myanmar]]
**[[Rohingya genocide]]
*[[Racism in Bangladesh]]
**[[Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite magazine |last=Boissoneault |first=Lorraine |date=16 December 2016 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/genocide-us-cant-remember-bangladesh-cant-forget-180961490/ |title=The Genocide the U.S. Can't Remember, But Bangladesh Can't Forget |magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian Magazine]] |access-date=18 June 2022 |archive-date=17 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217125201/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/genocide-us-cant-remember-bangladesh-cant-forget-180961490/ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal |last=Chakravarti |first=K.C. |date=30 July 1960 |title=Bongal Kheda Again |journal=The Economic Weekly |publisher=Sameeksha Trust |location=Mumbai |pages=1193–95 |issn=0012-9976 |url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1960_12/31/assam_disturbances_ibongal_kheda_again.pdf |access-date=5 September 2014}}
* {{cite book |last=D'Costa |first=Bina |author-link=Bina D'Costa |title=Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia |year=2011 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-56566-0}}
* {{cite news |last=Dummett |first=Mark |date=16 December 2011 |title=Bangladesh war: The article that changed history |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 March 2016 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508091712/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal |last=Mookherjee |first=Nayanika |date=2021-11-02 |title=Historicising the Birangona : Interrogating the Politics of Commemorating the Wartime Rape of 1971 in the Context of the 50 th Anniversary of Bangladesh |journal=Strategic Analysis |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=588–597 |doi=10.1080/09700161.2021.2009663 |issn=0970-0161 |s2cid=246760529 |doi-access=free}}

==Further reading==
*{{Wikiquote inline|Anti-Bengali sentiment in India}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://enewsroom.in/assam-killings-horror-bengali-muslims-kolkata/ |title=Assam killings pre-planned, says Kolkata's civil society |website=enewsroom.in |date=25 September 2021}}

{{Racism topics|state=collapsed}}{{Anti-national sentiment}}{{Discrimination}}

[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Persecution of Bengalis]]
[[Category:Anti-Indian sentiment]]
[[Category:Racism in India]]
[[Category:Racism in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Racism in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Discrimination in Myanmar]]

Court of King Janaka

2026-05-06T19:02:05Z

Svetlbwz: Added a article

{{Short description|Royal court in the Ramayana}}
{{Infobox court
| court_name = The court of King Janaka
| native_name = जनक दरबार
| image = Ramabhadracharya Works - Painting in Sribhargavaraghaviyam (2002).jpg
| caption = Artistic painting showing the court of King Janaka in Mithila
| established = King Janaka
| authority = King Janaka
| language = Sanskrit and Maithili
| tribunal-type = Council of learned Brahmins - [[Vedic Parishad]]
| chiefjudgetitle = [[Naiyayika]]
| chiefjudgetitle2 =
| chiefjudgename2 =
| jurisdiction = Kingdom of Videha
| location = Mithila
| type = Royal court
}}
[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805296 - The Ramayana.jpeg|thumb|Indian postal Stamp depicting the court of King Janaka in Mithila, where Lord Rama lifted the legendary bow Pinaka of Lord Shiva.]]
'''The Court of King Janaka''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: जनक दरबार) refers to the scholarly assembly at the royal court of the [[Vedas|Vedic]] king [[Janaka]] in the ancient [[Videha|Kingdom of Videha]] also known as [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Apart from being a royal court, it was a major centre for the scholarly assembly in the Indian subcontinent, where scholars and [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] from the different parts of the subcontinent gathered to take part in the scholarly conferences held at the court.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Vedanta_Philosophy.html?id=R_EYAAAAYAAJ#v=onepage&q=Court%20of%20King%20Janaka&f=false |title=Vedanta Philosophy: Eight Lectures by the Swami Vivekananda on Karma Yoga (the Secret of Work) Delivered Under the Auspices of the Vedanta Society |date=1901 |publisher=Baker & Taylor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Brahmav%C3%A2din.html?id=5swaAAAAYAAJ#v=onepage&q=Court%20of%20King%20Janaka&f=false |title=The Brahmavâdin |date=1906 |publisher=M.C. Alasingaperumal |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Upanishads |url=https://upanishads.org.in/stories/a-dialogue-between-uddalaka-and-yajnavalkya |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=upanishads.org.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=परशुराम के क्रोध से जनक दरबार में पसरा सन्नाटा - Silence broke in Janak' {{!}}{{!}} chr(39) {{!}}{{!}}'s court due to Parshuram' {{!}}{{!}} chr(39) {{!}}{{!}}'s anger |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh-silence-broke-in-janak-chr39-s-court-due-to-parshuram-chr39-s-anger-21076181.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> The court of King Janaka in the ancient Indian subcontinent has been mentioned in the major Vedic texts [[Ramayana]], [[Puranas]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Brahmana]] and [[Upanishads]], etc.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Black |first=Brian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Politics without Fear: King Janaka and Sovereignty in the Mahābhārata |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/13/10/898 |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=898 |doi=10.3390/rel13100898 |doi-access=free|issn=2077-1444 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250114123205/https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/13/10/898 |archive-date=2025-01-14}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=King Janaka's Contest |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/36084/chapter-abstract/313200125?redirectedFrom=fulltext |website=Oxford Academic}}</ref> It is an important location described in the legendary stories of the epic Ramayana. [[Rama|Lord Rama]] and [[Sita|Goddess Sita]] in [[Hinduism]] were married at the court of King Janaka in Mithila.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Nepal stemp of Rajrishi Janaka.jpg|thumb|Nepal's postal stamp depicting [[Rajarshi]] Janaka sitting on his throne at the court of his Kingdom.]]

== Description ==
According to Puranas, [[King Mithi|Mithi]] was the first king, who ascended the royal throne at the court of King Janaka in Mithila. He was the son of the [[Nimi (king)|King Nimi]] in the ancient Kingdom of Videha. In the text [[Brihada Vishnu Purana]], there is a list of 54 Janakas, who later ascended the royal throne at the court of King Janaka in Mithila.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miśra |first=Ajaya |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Mah%C4%81mahop%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya_%E1%B8%8C%C3%B4_Sara_Ga%E1%B9%85g%C4%81n.html?id=1XdjAAAAMAAJ#%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82 |title=Mahāmahopādhyāya Ḍô. Sara Gaṅgānātha Jhā kī sārasvata-sādhanā kā adhyayana |date=1995 |publisher=Nāga Prakāśaka |isbn=978-81-7081-315-6 |language=hi}}</ref>
[[File:056 King Nemi (detail) (9192287834).jpg|thumb|Thai depiction of the King Nimi sitting at his court ]]

In the epic Ramayana, the court of King Janaka is famous for conducting [[Sita Swayamvara]] competition for the marriage of the princess Sita of Mithila. In the competition, the kings or princes of all the kingdoms in the ancient Indian subcontinent ([[Āryāvarta]]), participated. The competition for the legendary Sita Swayamvara is a major event in the Ramayana. There was a condition in the competition. The condition for winning in the competition of was to lift the legendary bow [[Pinaka (Hinduism)|Pinaka]] of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] kept at the court of King Janaka. In the ceremony of the Sita Swayamvara, Lord Rama along with his brother [[Lakshmana]] and Guru [[Vishvamitra|Vishwamitra]] also arrived. They were welcomed by the King Janaka at the court. In the competition no one was able to lift the legendary bow Pinaka. Then in last, Lord Rama successfully lifted the legendary bow and finally it was broken. After the legendary bow Pinaka was broken, the sage [[Parashurama|Parshurama]] angrily came to the court of the King Siradhwaja Janaka, to know who had broken it.
[[File:Rama breaking the bow to win Sita as wife.jpg|thumb|Lord Rama breaking the Pinaka bow to win Goddess Sita as wife - Painting of [[Raja Ravi Varma]] ]]
According to [[Upanishads]], the court of King Janaka was the centre of attraction for Vedic scholars all over the subcontinent. It is associated with the philosophical text [[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]. The eminent Vedic scholar [[Yajnavalkya]] became famous from the scholarly [[Bahudakshina Yajna]] held at the assembly of the court. He later codified the [[Hindu law]] in his text [[Yājñavalkya Smṛti|Yagyavalkya Smriti]]. The court of King Janaka was a prominent seat for [[Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Golapchandra |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Hindu_Law_of_Adoption.html?id=4wsTAAAAYAAJ#v=onepage&q=court%20of%20king%20janaka&f=false |title=The Hindu Law of Adoption |date=1891 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |language=en}}</ref>

In Mahabharata, the Vedic sage [[Vyasa|Vedas Vyasa]] sent his own son [[Shuka]] to the court of King Janaka for learning spritual knowledge from the philosopher King Janaka. In the texts Puranas and Mahabharata, there is description about an examination taken by the King Janaka to test the knowledge and understanding of the young scholar Shuka.<ref name=":2" />

== Ministers and advisors ==
According to the records of the Hindu texts, King Janaka used to appoint his ministers and advisors from the victorious scholars participating in [[Shastrartha|shastrarthas]] ([[Debates in ancient India|scholarly debates]]) organised by the King Janaka at his court.<ref name=":3" />

According to the text [[Vishnu Purana]], the founder King Nimi initially invited to the Vedic sage [[Brahmarshi]] [[Vasishtha|Vashishtha]] as his chief advisor cum priest for conducting a [[Yajna]] at his court. But the sage Vashishtha was already invited by the [[Indra|King Devaraja Indra]] for conducting a long Yajna at his court in the [[Svarga|Swarga Loka]], before the invitation of the King Nimi. Therefore, the sage Vashishtha went to the court of the King Devaraja Indra. Then, later the King Nimi invited other Vedic sage [[Gautama Maharishi|Maharshi Gautama]] as his chief advisor cum priest for conducting the Yajna at his court. The sage Gautama accepted the invitation for becoming his chief advisor cum priest and conducted the Yajna in the absence of the sage Vashishtha. It is said that when the sage Vashishtha returned to the court of King Nimi, he saw the Yajna was completed by the sage Maharshi Gautama. After knowing the completion of the Yajna in his absence, Brahmarshi Vashishtha became angry and cursed the King Nimi that his soul would be removed from his body. After listening the curse from Vashishtha, the King Nimi also cursed the same to the sage Vashishtha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilkins |first=William Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Modern_Hinduism.html?id=i_MZAAAAMAAJ#v=onepage&q=king%20nimi&f=false |title=Modern Hinduism: Being an Account of the Religion and Life of the Hindus in Northern India |date=1887 |publisher=T. F. Unwin |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Manmatha Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Prose_English_Translation_of_Srimadbha.html?id=lDUmbfuG9kkC#v=onepage&q=king%20nimi&f=false |title=A Prose English Translation of Srimadbhagavatam |date=1896 |publisher=Printee [sic] by H.C. Dass, Elysium Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Srimad_Bhagavatam_of_Krishna_Dwaipay.html?id=slkpAAAAYAAJ#king%20nimi |title=The Srimad-Bhagavatam of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa |date=1965 |publisher=Oriental Publishing Company |language=en}}</ref>

During the period of King ''Siradhwaja'' Janaka in the Ramayana, the chief advisor at the royal court of the King Janaka was [[Shatananda]], the son of the Vedic sage Maharshi Gautama.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishnan |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Valmiki_Ramayana_Book_Historical_Story_B.html?id=KJIUEAAAQBAJ#v=snippet&q=Shatananda&f=false |title=Valmiki Ramayana Book {{!}} Historical Story Book {{!}} Divine Story Book {{!}} Tamil Story Book {{!}} Hindu Religious Book {{!}} Historical Fiction Novels |date=2021-01-16 |publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7950-730-8 |language=en}}</ref> In the text Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, there is mention of a Brahmin scholar [[Ashvala]] as the chief advisor of [[Kriti Janaka|King Kriti Janaka]] during the occasion of the scholarly contest Bahudakshina Yajna at the assembly of the court.<ref name=":4" /> In the scholarly contest of the Bahudakshina Yajna, the revered Vedic sage Yajnavalkya defeated all the Brahmins who debated with him on Vedic knowledge, at the court. He was declared as the [[Brahmishtha]] among all the Brahmin scholars present at the assembly of the court. He was later appointed as the chief advisor cum minister at the court by the King Janaka of Mithila.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hock |first=Hans Henrich |date=2002 |title=The Yājñavalkya Cycle in the Br̥had Āraṇyaka Upaniṣad |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3087621 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=122 |issue=2 |pages=278–286 |doi=10.2307/3087621 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":3" />
[[File:Yajnavalkya and Janaka.jpg|thumb|The Vedic sage Yajnavalkya preaching to the King Janaka in Mithila ]]

In the [[Vana Parva]] section of Mahabharata, there is mention of Acharya [[Vandin|Bandi]], the son of [[Varuna|Varuna Devata]], as the chief advisor at the court of [[Ugrasena Janaka|King Ugrasena Janaka]] in Mithila. He was known for instituting the punishment called as "Jala Samadhi" for the defeated Brahmin scholars in the Shastrarthas organised at the court. He defeated several scholars in the Shastrarthas held at the court and sent them to ''Jala Samadhi''. He also defeated the Vedic sage [[Kahoda]], the father of [[Ashtavakra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mazumdar |first=Subash |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Who_is_who_in_the_Mahabharata.html?id=omspAAAAYAAJ |title=Who is who in the Mahabharata |date=1988 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |language=en}}</ref>

Later, when the little Ashtavakra grew up and attained the age of tenth, he came to know the reason of the death of his father. After knowing the reason of the death of his father, he pledge to challenge and defeat Acharya Bandi at the court of the King Janaka in Mithila. Then, he along with his maternal uncle [[Śvetaketu|Shvetaketu]] went to the court of King Janaka in Mithila. When they approached to the gate of the court, the gatekeeper stopped them to enter the assembly of the court. But suddenly when the King Janaka got notice of the arrival of the two young Brahmins at the gate of the court, he ordered the gatekeeper to allow them to enter at assembly of the court. The young Ashtavakra, after entering at the assembly of the court, challenged Acharya Bandi to do Shastrartha with him. Acharya Bandi accepted the challenge, but in the Shastrartha he was defeated by the young Brahmin Ashtavakra. Later, after the defeat of Acharya Bandi, the King Janaka appointed Ashtavakra as his chief advisor. Later, Ashtavakra preached the philosophy of self to the King Janaka at his court. The philosophical discourse between the sage Ashtavakra and the King Janaka is recorded as the text [[Ashtavakra Gita]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukerjee |first=Radhakamal |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/A%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%AD%C4%81vakrag%C4%ABt%C4%81_the_Song_of_the_Sel.html?id=hL-0qeeuVVIC |title=Aṣṭāvakragītā (the Song of the Self Supreme): The Classical Text of Ātmādvaita by Aṣṭāvakra |date=2000-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House |isbn=978-81-208-1367-0 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Ramabhadracharya Works - Painting in Ashtavakra (2010).jpg|thumb|An artistic painting showing Ashtavakra preaching to the King Janaka at his court ]]In the [[Shanti Parva]] section of the text Mahabharata, there is mention of a King Janaka, whose advisor was the Vedic sage [[Parashara]], the father of Veda Vyasa. The Vedic sage Parashara preached the King Janaka about the philosophy of ''karma-sanyasa''. The philosophical discourse between the Vedic sage Parashara and the King Janaka is recorded as the text [[Parashara Gita]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=Dinkar |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Glimpses_of_Indian_Culture.html?id=-fw-0iBvmMAC#v=snippet&q=parashar%20geeta&f=false |title=Glimpses of Indian Culture |date=2005 |publisher=Star Publications |isbn=978-81-7650-190-3 |language=en}}</ref>

In ''Moksha-dharma Parva'' sub section of the section Shanti Parva in the text Mahabharata, once King [[Janadeva Janaka]] asked a hundred acharyas of his court philosophical questions about salvation, but none of them could give satisfactory answers to his questions about salvation. Then by chance a sage named [[Panchashikha]] entered to the court and he told the king the means of attaining salvation. The King Janadeva Janaka was satisfied and impressed by the answer of the sage Panchashikha. After that he abandoned his hundred acharyas and appointed Panchashikha as his chief advisor. Then, the chief advisor Panchashikha at the court, taught Janadeva Janaka about the philosophy of [[Brahmavidya]] and [[Samkhya|Shankhya Shastra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=P C Ray |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283205 |title=The Mahabharata Of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyara 1891 |date=1891}}</ref>

== Ladies scholars at the court ==
The Vedic texts mention the presence of ladies scholars called as [[Brahmavadini]] at the court of King Janaka in Mithila. During the contest of the Bahudakshina Yajna, the Brahmavadini [[Gārgī Vāchaknavī|Gargi Vachaknavi]] was present at court. She debated with the sage Yajnavalkya and asked questions related to the principle of ultimate existence. The sage replied to all her questions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haddad |first=Yvonne Yazbeck |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Women_Religion_and_Social_Change.html?id=KrA940p31mgC#v=onepage&q=Gargi%20at%20Janaka%20court&f=false |title=Women, Religion, and Social Change |last2=Findly |first2=Ellison Banks |date=1985-01-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-88706-068-7 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Gargi Vachaknavi.jpg|thumb|'''''Statue of Gargi''''' at the premises of the [[Uchhaith|Uchchaith Bhagwati Mandir]] in Mithila - Photo captured by [[commons:User:Sntshkumar750|Santosh Chaudhary]] ]]

Similarly during the period of the King [[Dharmadhwaja Janaka]], the other Brahmavadini [[Sulabha]] arrived at his court. She debated with the king. The debate between the lady scholar Sulabha and the King Dharmadhwaja Janaka is mentioned in the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata. In the text, the debate between Sulabha and Janaka, is narrated by [[Bhishma]] to [[Yudhishthira]] during their philosophical discourse.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukthankar |first=Vishnu Sitaram |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata_pt_1_Santiparvan_Moksa.html?id=8DEqAQAAIAAJ#Sulabha |title=The Mahābhārata: pt.1 Santiparvan (Moksadhanna) |last2=Belvalkar |first2=Shripad Krishna |last3=Vaidya |first3=Paraśurāma Lakshmaṇa |date=1966 |publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |language=en}}</ref>

== Vedic Parishad ==
The [[Vedic Parishad]] at the court of King Janaka refers to the council of learned Brahmins, which held philosophical debates among the learned Brahmins. It was basically a council of debate at the court of King Janaka in Mithila. According to Vidyabhushana, the science of logic developed out of the Vedic parishad. Some renowned logicians in the council of debate were Ashtavakra, Akshapada Gautama, and Yajnavalkya, etc.<ref name=":5" />

The Vedic sage Akshapada Gautama at the court of King Janaka was the founder of the foundational text [[Nyāya Sūtras|Nyaya Sutra]] in the tradition of Nyaya school of the ancient [[Indian philosophy|Indian Philosophy]]. The philosophy of [[Nyaya|Nyaya Shastra]] is one of the six schools in the ancient Indian Philosophy.

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Ramayana]]
[[Category:Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Upanishads]]
[[Category:Puranas]]
[[Category:Kingdoms]]
[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Places in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Sanskrit and Vedic learning in Mithila]]
[[Category:Videha]]

INS Anjadip (2023)

2026-05-05T17:27:51Z

Svetlbwz:

{{Short description|Third ship of Arnala class corvettes of ASW-SWC project of the Indian Navy}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}{{italic title|string=Anjadip}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

{{other ships|INS Anjadip}}{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Launch ceremony of Anjadip, 3rd of eight ships of ASW Shallow Water Craft Project.jpg
| image_caption = ''Anjadip'' during the launch ceremony
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = [[India]]
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Anjadip''
| namesake = {{INS|Anjadip|P73}}
| owner = [[Indian Navy]]
| operator = [[Indian Navy]]
| registry =
| route =
| ordered = 29 April 2019<ref name="as"/>
| awarded =
| builder = [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]] (GRSE) (in partnership with [[Kattupalli Shipyard]] of [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T]])
| original_cost = {{INRConvert|789|c|0}} (FY2020)
| yard_number = 3030
| way_number =
| laid_down = 17 June 2022<ref name="tv"/>
| launched = 13 June 2023<ref name="PIB-080623"/>
| sponsor =
| completed =
| acquired = 22 December 2025<ref name="PIB-221225"/>
| commissioned = 27 February 2026<ref>{{cite news |title=INS Anjadip: The story behind the Navy’s latest warship name |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-anjadip-warship-dolphin-hunter-indian-navy-explained-everything-you-need-to-know/article70683813.ece |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=The Hindu |date=27 February 2026 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| recommissioned =
| decommissioned =
| maiden_voyage =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| reclassified =
| refit =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| homeport =
| identification = [[Pennant number]]: P73
| motto =
| nickname =
| honours =
| honors =
| captured =
| fate =
| status = Active
| notes =
| badge =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| type = [[Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft]]
| displacement = {{cvt|900|t|LT}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1885185 | title=LAUNCH OF 'ARNALA', FIRST SHIP OF ASW SWC (GRSE) PROJECT ON 20 DEC 22 AT M/S L&T, KATTUPALLI }}</ref>
| length = {{cvt|77.6|m|ftin}}<ref name="janes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/grse-starts-asw-swc-corvette-production-in-partnership-with-larsen-toubro|title=GRSE starts ASW-SWC corvette production in partnership with Larsen & Toubro|website=Janes.com}}</ref>
| beam = {{cvt|10.5|m|ftin}}<ref name="janes.com"/>
| draft = {{cvt|2.7|m|ftin}}<ref name="janes.com"/>
| propulsion = [[Pump-jet|Water-jet propulsion]] {{cn|date=October 2025}}
| sail_plan =
| speed = {{convert|25|kn|lk=in}}
| range = {{cvt|1800|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|14|kn}}<ref name="janes.com"/>
| endurance =
| test_depth =
| boats = 1 × [[Rigid inflatable boat|RHIB]]<ref name="sc">{{Cite web |last=Mitsopoulos |first=Dimitris |date=2025-06-25 |title=India Commissions Its First ASW-SWC Corvette |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/06/india-commissions-its-first-asw-swc-corvette/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
| capacity =
| troops =
| complement =
| crew = 57
(7 officers + 50 sailors)
| time_to_activate =
| sensors = *'''Combat suite:'''
* ASW Combat Suite (presumably the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]-developed IAC MOD 'C' combat suite)<ref name="grse.in">{{Cite web|url=http://grse.in/eoi/EOI_ASW_SWC_R1.pdf|title=NIE No. GRSE/GMD/ASW-SWC/12/01 Expression of Interest (EOI) For Design of Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) for Indian Navy.|website=grse.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202243/http://grse.in/eoi/EOI_ASW_SWC_R1.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://grse.in/index.php/tender-archive|title=Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd.- Government of India Undertaking - Tender Archive|website=grse.in}}</ref>
*'''Sonar:'''
* [[DRDO]] Abhay Hull-Mounted Sonar (HMS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eyes and Ears Underwater |url=https://forceindia.net/feature-report/eyes-ears-underwater/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Force India |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823153937/https://forceindia.net/feature-report/eyes-ears-underwater/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Low Frequency Variable Depth Sonar (LFVDS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
*'''Management systems:'''
* Fire Control System (FCS)
* Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
* Automatic Power Management System (APMS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
* Battle Damage Control System (BDCS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
| armament = *'''Anti-submarine warfare:'''
*1 × [[RBU-6000]] [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] rocket launcher<ref name="sc"/>
*2 × triple lightweight [[torpedo]] launchers ([[Torpedo Advanced Light Shyena#Advanced Light-Weight Torpedo (ALWT)|Advanced Light-Weight Torpedo (ALWT)]]){{cn|date=October 2025}}
*[[Anti-submarine weapon|Anti-submarine mines]] (launched from mine-laying rails)
*'''Guns:'''
* 1 × [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers#Naval Surface Gun (NSG) 30 mm|Naval Surface Gun (30 mm)]]
* 2 × [[Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli|OFT]] 12.7 mm M2 [[Remote controlled weapon station|Stabilized Remote Controlled Gun]]
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft =
| notes = Largest class of waterjet-powered vessels in the [[Indian Navy]].
}}
}}
'''INS ''Anjadip''''' is the third ship of the ''Arnala'' class of the [[Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft]] (ASW SWC). The ship has been ordered by the [[Indian Navy]] and was delivered on 22 December 2025.<ref name="jn">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-12-22 |title=Anjadip, indigenous anti-submarine shallow water craft, joins the Navy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-navy-receives-third-indigenous-asw-shallow-water-craft-anjadip-from-grse/article70426390.ece |access-date=2025-12-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Known as the "Dolphin Hunter", it was officially commissioned into the service on 27 February 2026 at [[Chennai]]. This ship features a high-tech Combat Management System and advanced [[SONAR]] to identify and eliminate underwater threats with precision.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Navy commissions ‘Dolphin Hunter’ INS Anjadip: All you need to know |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indian-navy-commissions-dolphin-hunter-ins-anjadip-all-you-need-to-know-11772177366856.html |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=mint |date=27 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Background ===
On 23 December 2013, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) –- the main acquisition panel subordinate to India's [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), approved the procurement of sixteen [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) vessels capable of operating in shallow waters, at a cost of {{INRConvert|13440|c|lk=on|year=2013}}, to replace the ageing [[Abhay-class corvette|''Abhay''-class corvettes]] of the Indian Navy – which were commissioned between 1989 and 1991. This includes the development of the vessels with about {{Convert|700|t|abbr=on}} displacement and an operational radius of {{Convert|200|nmi|abbr=on}} from its [[home port]]. They would be built by [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]] (GRSE).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhatnagar |first=Gaurav Vivek |date=2013-12-24 |title=Four major acquisitions for the Navy and the Army approved |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/four-major-acquisitions-for-the-navy-and-the-army-approved/article5494688.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915131130/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/four-major-acquisitions-for-the-navy-and-the-army-approved/article5494688.ece |archive-date=2025-09-15 |access-date=2017-10-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=KV |date=2013-12-25 |title=MoD clears Navy plans to get 16 shallow-water anti-sub vessels |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131226/main5.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829044614/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131226/main5.htm |archive-date=2025-08-29 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Tribune India}}</ref>

In June 2014, the MoD issued a tender, worth USD2.25 billion under the 'Buy and Make India' category to private-shipyards – including [[Larsen & Toubro]] (L&T), [[ABG Shipyard]], [[Pipavav Shipyard|Pipavav Defense and Offshore Engineering]], [[Goa Shipyard]] (GSL) and [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]] (GRSE), for the procurement of the 16 anti-submarine vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-18 |title=India issues $2.25bn tender to procure ASW shallow-water craft |url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindia-issues-225bn-tender-to-procure-asw-shallow-water-craft-4297624/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915131157/https://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindia-issues-225bn-tender-to-procure-asw-shallow-water-craft-4297624/ |archive-date=2025-09-15 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Naval Technology}}</ref>

In October 2017, [[Cochin Shipyard]] (CSL) and [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]] (GRSE) emerged as the first and the second-lowest bidder in the tender, respectively. CSL had quoted a value of {{INRConvert|5400|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} while GRSE had to match the bid value of CSL in order to get the contract.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-16 |title=Garden Reach Shipbuilders set to win ₹5,400-crore Navy order |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/garden-reach-shipbuilders-set-to-win-5400crore-navy-order/article10035674.ece |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

=== Purchase ===
On 29 April 2019, the MoD and GRSE signed a contract, valued at {{INRConvert|6311.32|c|year=2019}}, for eight anti-submarine vessels, to be delivered between 2022 and 2026. The contract mandates the first vessel to be delivered within 42 months of the date of signing, with the remaining seven vessels delivered at a rate of two ships per year within 84 months.<ref name="as">{{Cite news |last=Himatsingka |first=Anuradha |date=2019-04-29 |title=GRSE signs contract for 8 anti-submarine warfare shallow water crafts for Indian Navy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/grse-signs-contract-for-8-anti-submarine-warfare-shallow-water-crafts-for-indian-navy/articleshow/69099130.cms |access-date=2025-09-15 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name="ws">{{Cite press release |title=Contract Signing with M/S CSL and M/S GRSE for Acquisition of Sixteen Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) for Indian Navy |date=2019-04-30 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1571375 |access-date=2025-09-15}}</ref>

On 30 April 2019, the MoD and CSL signed a similar contract for the construction of the remaining eight vessels – within a deadline of 84 months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2019 |title=GRSE Signs Contract for 08 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Watercraft |url=https://psuwatch.com/grse-signs-contract-for-08-anti-submarine-warfare-shallow-watercraft |website=psuwatch.com}}</ref> Under this contract, the first ship was also expected to be delivered within a span of 42 months, with subsequent deliveries of two ships per year.<ref name="ws"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2019 |title=Cochin Shipyard gets Rs 6,311 crore contract for anti-submarine warfare ships |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/cochin-shipyard-gets-rs-6311-crore-contract-for-anti-submarine-warfare-ships-188690-2019-04-30 |website=Business Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2019 |title=Cochin Shipyard gets ₹6,311 crore contract for anti-submarine warfare ships |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cochin-shipyard-gets-rs-6-311-crore-contract-for-anti-submarine-warfare-ships-1556639149645.html |website=mint}}</ref>

=== Construction ===
GRSE formed a [[Public Private Partnership]] alliance with [[Larsen & Toubro]] involving its [[Kattupalli Shipyard]] to undertake the entire ASW SWC project along with the [[Sandhayak-class survey vessel (2023)|Survey Vessel (Large) Project]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Keel laying ceremony for 1st warship of ASW Shallow Water Craft Project and 3rd warship of Survey Vessel Large Project |date=2021-08-06 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1743323 |access-date=2025-09-15}}</ref>

The [[keel laying]] ceremony of the ship, along with {{INS|Amini|2023|6}} (fourth ASW SWC) and {{INS|Sanshodhak|J24|6}} (fourth [[Sandhayak-class survey vessel (2023)|Sandhayak-class survey vessel]]), was conducted on 17 June 2022 at Kattupalli Shipyard.<ref name="tv">{{cite tweet |number=1537789888804057088 |user=OfficialGRSE |title=GRSE achieved a rare feat by laying the keels of three vessels -SVL(Yard 3028), ASWSWC (Yard 3030 & 3031) together for the Indian Navy on 17 Jun 22. |date=17 June 2022 |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref> [[Ceremonial ship launching|Christened]] ''Anjadip'', the ship was launched into the water of the [[Bay of Bengal]] on 13 June 2023. The chief guest of the event was the then [[Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command]] (C-in-C, SFC), [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[R. B. Pandit]]. The event was followed by the keel laying of the seventh ship under ASW SWC at yard 3032, named INS ''Abhay''.<ref name="PIB-080623">{{Cite press release |title=Launch of 'Anjadip' third ship of ASW SWC (GRSE) and keel laying of 7th ship of ASW SWC Project at M/s L&T, Kattupalli on 13 Jun 23 |date=2023-06-13 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1932044 |access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref>

The ship was delivered to the Indian Navy on 22 December 2025<ref name="PIB-221225">{{cite press release |title=Delivery of ‘Anjadip’ - third Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft to the Indian Navy |date=22 December 2025 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2207446&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="jn"/> and was expected to be commissioned in January 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-06 |title=ENC strengthens fleet with Taragiri and Anjadip in January |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/enc-strengthens-fleet-with-taragiri-and-anjadip-in-january/articleshow/125793842.cms |access-date=2025-12-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The ship was commissioned on 27 February at the [[Chennai Port]] under the [[Eastern Naval Command]] by the [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval staff]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Commissioning of INS Anjadip at Chennai|date=2026-02-27|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2233666&reg=3&lang=1|access-date=2026-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaiswal |first=Arushi |date=2026-02-23 |title=Indian Navy to commission INS Anjadip on February 27, strengthening anti-submarine warfare fleet |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/indian-navy-to-commission-ins-anjadip-on-february-27-strengthening-anti-submarine-warfare-fleet-2026-02-23-1031387 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>

=== Namesake ===
The ship, ''Anjadip'', was named after her [[INS Anjadip (P73)|predecessor]], a retired {{Sclass|Arnala|corvette}}, which itself was a subclass of [[Soviet]]-origin {{Sclass|Petya|frigate}}.<ref name="PIB-221225" /> The name of the ships is inspired by the [[Anjediva Island]] located off [[Karwar]], [[Karnataka]], reflecting the island's strategic importance in the maritime domain of India. The island is connected with the [[mainland]] of India by a [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]] and is part of {{INS|Kadamba}}, a [[naval base]].<ref name="PIB-080623" /><ref name="PIB-221225" />

== Design ==
{{Excerpt|INS Arnala (2022)|Design}}

=== Weapons ===
{{Excerpt|INS Arnala (2022)|Weapons}}

=== Sensors ===
{{Excerpt|INS Arnala (2022)|Sensors}}


==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arnala (P68)}}
[[Category:Arnala-class corvettes]]
[[Category:2023 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

K. N. Unnikrishnan

2026-05-05T15:20:04Z

Svetlbwz:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. N. Unnikrishnan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption =
| constituency_AM = [[Vypen Assembly constituency|Vypen]]
| assembly = Kerala Legislative
| term_start = 2 May 2021<ref name=:"1">{{Cite web |title= K N Unnikrishnan|url=https://www.niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/content/member_homepage/2484 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]|language=en}}</ref>
| term_end =
| predecessor = S. Sarma ([[Left Democratic Front|LDF]])-[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]]
| successor =
| majority = 8,201([[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]])
| birth_name = K. N. Unnikrishnan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|1|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| parents =
| relatives =
| spouse = Ambika Unnikrishnan
| children = Remya Unnikrishnan, Reshma Unnikrishnan
| citizenship =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI (M))
| other_party =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| profession =
}}

'''K. N. Unnikrishnan''' is an Indian politician who served as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) for the seat of [[Vypen Assembly constituency|Vypen]] at the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] from 2021 to 2026.<ref name=:"2">{{Cite web |title= Vypen Assembly Election Results 2021 |url=https://www.oneindia.com/vypen-assembly-elections-kl-79/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Election results==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+'''[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]'''
!|Year
!|Constituency
! colspan=2|Candidate
!|Votes
!|Pct
! colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballots cast
!|Majority
!|Turnout
|-
| rowspan=5|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<ref name=:"3">{{Cite web |title= GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT MAY-2021
|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1179.htm?ac=79 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]|language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan=5|'''No.79 [[Vypen Assembly constituency|Vypen]]'''
| rowspan=5|'''K. N. Unnikrishnan''' ([[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI (M)''']])
| rowspan=5 align=right|'''53,858'''
| rowspan=5|'''41.24%'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|Deepak Joy ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])
| align=right|45,657
|34.96%
| rowspan=5|100%
| rowspan=5|130,596
| rowspan=5|8,201
| rowspan=5|78.9%
|-
|{{Party shading/Independent}} |
|Job Chakkalackal (Twenty 20 Party)
| align=right|16,707
| align=right|12.79%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |
|K. S. Shaiju ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| align=right|13,540
| align=right|10.37%
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|White}} |
|None of the above
| align=right|525
| align=right|0.40%
|-
|{{Party shading/Independent}} |
|M. K. Mukundan ([[Independent politician|IND]])
| align=right|309
| align=right|0.24%
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians]]
[[Category:Kerala Congress (M) politicians]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]

{{Kerala-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Nava Raipur

2026-05-05T05:47:37Z

Svetlbwz: Adding Basic Details Initial Version

{{short description|City in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{original research|date=April 2021}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nava Raipur
| official_name = Atal Nagar
| settlement_type = [[Planned Community|Planned City]], [[Greenfield project|Greenfield City]]
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|zoom=12|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|type=point|title=Naya Raipur|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Interactive map of Naya Raipur
| pushpin_map = India Chhattisgarh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chhattisgarh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.161|N|81.787|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 2000
| founder = [[Raman Singh]]
| named_for = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] Brahma Deo Rai
| governing_body = [[Nava Raipur Atal Nagar Vikas Pradhikaran]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 560000
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 492101
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-0771
| registration_plate = CG 04
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Railway station]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[CBD Naya Raipur railway station|CBD Naya Raipur]] (CBDNR)
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Raipur]], [[Bhilai]], [[Durg]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Airport]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Raipur Airport|Swami Vivekananda Airport]] (RPR)
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Nava Raipur Atal Nagar Vikas Pradhikaran]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name1 = [[Brijmohan Agrawal]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ([[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]])
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name2 = [[Guru Khushwant Saheb]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ([[Arang Assembly constituency|Arang]])
| website = {{URL|https://navaraipuratalnagar.com}}
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/1/2/2/2/2
| image1 = Chhattisgarh New Vidhan Sabha, Sector 19, Atal Nagar (cropped).jpg
| caption1 = [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| image2 = Naya Raipur, Sector 19.png
| caption2 = Capitol complex
| image3 = Mantralaya Naya Raipur (Atal Nagar).png
| caption3 = [[Government of Chhattisgarh|Secretariat Chhattisgarh]]
| image4 = Avinash Times Square mall, Naya Raipur.png
| caption4 = Avinash Times Square Mall
| image5 = Musical fountain, In sector 19 Atal Nagar , Naya Raipur.png
| caption5 = Musical Fountain
| image6 = IIIT Naya Raipur 1.jpg
| caption6 = [[International Institute of Information Technology, Naya Raipur|IIIT Naya Raipur]]
| image7 =Swagat Vatika, Cloverleaf interchange Naya Raipur, (Atal Nagar).png
| caption7 = Swagat Vatika Cloverleaf Interchange
| image8 = Sri Sathya Sai temple , Naya Raipur.png
| caption8 = Satya Sai Mandir
| image9 = Purkhauti Muktangan, Sector 24 Naya Raipur.png
| caption9 = [[Purkhouti Muktangan]]
| image10 = Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium, Raipur.jpg
| caption10 = [[Nava Raipur International Cricket Stadium|Nava Raipur stadium]]
}}
| image_caption =
}}
'''Nava Raipur''', officially known as '''Atal Nagar-Nava Raipur''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/---naya-raipur----renamed----nava-raipur---.html|title= Naya Raipur renamed Nava Raipur|date=2019|website=Daily Pioneer|language=en}}</ref> is a [[planned city]] and fully [[Greenfield project|Greenfield city]] in [[Indian state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]. It is planned to replace [[Raipur]] as the capital city of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Mary N. Woods|title=Women Architects in India: Histories of Practice in Mumbai and Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oz4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|year=2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-134-77422-7|page=195|quote=Naya Raipur, a city planned for 500,000 residents on 11,000 acres, must embody government aspirations for the entire state. It will replace the polluted, antiquated, and overcrowded old capital of Raipur.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History of Atal Nagar |url=https://atalnagar.com/wps/portal/nrda/city-information/history-of-naya-raipur |website=Atal Nagar Vikas Pradhikaran |access-date=26 May 2019 |quote=Atal Nagar, as the name suggests, is the new upcoming state capital of Chhattisgarh.}}</ref> The Government of Chhattisgarh, the state's administrative body is situated here. The city is located between [[National Highway 53 (India)|National Highway 53]] and [[National Highway 30 (India)|National Highway 30]], about 17 km south-east of the capital city [[Raipur]]. [[Swami Vivekananda Airport]] separates Raipur and Nava Raipur.

== Nava Raipur Development Authority ==
After the formation of the new state of Chhattisgarh in November 2000, the state government decided to create a well planned new city for Raipur. Hence a special area has been notified under section 64 of Nagar Tatha Gramnivesh Adhiniyam 1973.

The authority thus formed is the Capital Area Development Authority (CADA) which is now called the [[Nava Raipur Atal Nagar Vikas Pradhikaran]] (NRDA). NRDA is the nodal agency undertaking comprehensive development of this [[Greenfield land|'greenfield']] city.

Chief executive officers are appointed by government and other officers and staff working under NRDA organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nayaraipur.com/nayaraipur/topmenu/aboutnrda.aspx |title=Naya Raipir Development Authoritiy {{!}} About |access-date=12 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406202259/http://www.nayaraipur.com/nayaraipur/topmenu/aboutnrda.aspx |archive-date=6 April 2009 }}</ref> [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer P. Joy Oommen is the chairman of the NRDA, while S.S. Bajaj is its chief executive.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naya Raipir Development Authoritiy {{!}} Organization setup |url=http://www.nayaraipur.com/nayaraipur/leftmenu/orgset.aspx?ival=16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007205306/http://www.nayaraipur.com/nayaraipur/leftmenu/orgset.aspx?ival=16 |archive-date=7 October 2008 |access-date=3 December 2025}}</ref>

== Economic base ==
The main activity base of Nava Raipur would be the government/state capital functions. However, a diversification of economy is desirable, which would be attained through the following activities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nayaraipur.com/nayaraipur/leftmenu/economic.aspx?ival=17 |title=Naya Raipir Development Authoritiy {{!}} {{!}} Economic Base| access-date=12 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007205255/http://www.nayaraipur.com/nayaraipur/leftmenu/economic.aspx?ival=17 |archive-date=7 October 2008 }}</ref>
* Software technology park
* Gems, jewellery and other similar industries
* Business offices
* Health, education and research services
* Regional recreational activities
* Nandan Van Zoo & Safari
* International cricket stadium
* 5 star hotels
* 18 hole golf course and golf villas
* Museums
* Art gallery and library
* Garden
* Botanical garden
* Lakes
* Film City<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-30 |title=Naya Raipur will soon see a film city |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/raipur/naya-raipur-will-soon-see-a-film-city/articleshow/78393388.cms |access-date=2024-03-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Planning methodology ==
While venturing to prepare the development plan for Nava Raipur, basic studies were made in the form of a secondary survey of data on [[Chandigarh]] (the first planned capital of a state in independent India) and Raipur, the elder sister and the most important "organic" metropolis in the region.

The space quantum against each activity/work-centre was then ascertained going by the accepted thumb-rule of the concerned industry/trade/activity, to the case of capital complex, and exact figures of government jobs were taken into consideration. The resultant space quantum was then allocated on two-dimension on the structure plan and final quantum, shape, location, was defined by exact boundaries/roads on the plan.

With iterations, the allocated spaces were again translated in terms of number of jobs and the total number of job in the city arrived at. With a population of 5.6 lakhs, the Nava Raipur City will be expected to generate approximately 2.2 lakh jobs, with an assumed workforce participation rate of 40%. The high standards of physical and social infrastructure adopted for the city will be able to cope with the maximum capacity of the city.<ref name="nayaraipur.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nayaraipur.in/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=53|title=Nayaraipur.in|website=nayaraipur.in}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:Academic block, Hidayatullah National Law University.jpg|thumb|[[Hidayatullah National Law University]]]]

Nava Raipur will form the hub of educational institutions in the state. The city will have premier educational institutions shifted from [[Raipur]]. A few of them are:
* [[Hidayatullah National Law University]]
* [[National Institute of Technology, Raipur]]
* [[International Institute of Information Technology, Naya Raipur|International Institute of Information Technology]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiitnr.ac.in/|title=Welcome to IIIT NAYA RAIPUR {{!}} IIIT NAYA RAIPUR|website=iiitnr.ac.in|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://iiitnr.ac.in/ International Institute of Information Technology]</ref>
* [[Indian Institute of Management, Raipur]]<ref>[http://iimraipur.ac.in/ Indian Institute of Management Raipur]</ref>

The state government is planning to develop a science city in Nava Raipur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/indias-fourth-science-city-to-be-developed-in-chhattisgarh-s-nava-raipur-101707274211871.html|title=India’s fourth Science City to be developed in Chhattisgarh’s Nava Raipur|website=Hindustan Times|date=7 February 2024|access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref>

==Transportation==
===Roadways===
Nava Raipur has an entirely planned road network within the city premises, and is having good connectivity with Raipur and the rest of the state, with the help of national and state highways. Some of the major roads are [[Raipur–Naya Raipur Expressway]], or the ''Atal Path Expressway'', which directly connects the city with [[Raipur Junction railway station|Raipur railway station]], [[National Highway 30 (India)|National Highway 30]] (NH-30 as a secondary highway to Raipur and [[National Highway 53 (India)|National Highway 53]] (NH-53), which passes through just north of the city.

The proposed [[Durg–Raipur–Arang Expressway]] will pass through the southern limits of the city, and the under-construction [[Raipur–Visakhapatnam Expressway]] will start from [[Kurud]], which is {{cvt|41|km}} south of the city, and could be accessed with the help of NH-30. Once both the expressways are completed, it will help the city by enhancing connectivity and commute with the state, as well as with the rest of the country.

===Rail===
There are two small railway stations in proximity to the city, and the main and nearest railway station is the Nava Raipur Railway Station or ''Atal Nagar Railway Station'', which is located {{cvt|11|km}} north of the city, lying on the [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]] passing through the northern limits of the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nava Raipur Atal Nagar’s 3 Way Connectivity!|url=https://navaraipuratalnagar.com/wps/portal/nrda/about-nrda/connectivity/!ut/p/z1/lZDLCoJQEIafxq0zXtBDOynvEUfItLMJDVPBG2r5-kltsuw2uxm-D_75gUEIrIoueRr1eV1FxbjvmXKwrBWiLIsblBwdPaItDXtrCKqgQjAFiOJK6JmqS2yLiNpaBPafL5jC6FO6030qoi7_5uOb0fC7z6bIzAdPwGvEG_AhgwMsLer43qdWxRJJgbXJKWmTlj-34znr-6ZbcMjhMAx8nFcpf6xLDueErO56CB85aErfDzGnZUC6K94WIAw!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|website=[[Nava Raipur Atal Nagar Vikas Pradhikaran]]|access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref> The major railway stations are [[Raipur Junction railway station]], {{cvt|25|km}} and Arang Mahanadi railway station located at [[Arang]], {{cvt|24|km}} from Nava Raipur, respectively.

To the east of the [[Swami Vivekananda International Airport|airport]], in the Central Business District, a bypass line has been made to connect the city directly by making a new, major railway station for Nava Raipur. It is named as the ''CBD Railway Station'', and is under construction. Once completed, it will become the main railway station for the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Naya Raipur Railway Station (SECR/Indian Railways|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/naya-raipur-nrmh/12026|website=indiarailinfo.com|date=1 March 2023|access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

===Bus transport===
[[File:Raipur-Naya Raipur BRTS.png|thumb|[[Raipur and Naya Raipur Bus Rapid Transit System]]]]
Regular bus services are operated by the [[Nava Raipur Atal Nagar Vikas Pradhikaran]], government and private operators from the main bus station of Nava Raipur Bus Station, and along with these services, the [[Raipur and Naya Raipur Bus Rapid Transit System]] also connects the city with [[Raipur]]. The BRTS has currently 9 stops in the city, as part of the first phase of the [[smart city]] project, which in the future will be expanded in the coming phases.

===Metro===
A [[light rail]], Metrolite or Lite Metro (as referred in India), has been proposed by the [[Government of Chhattisgarh]], which will start from Nava Raipur to [[Durg]] via Raipur and [[Bhilai]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Monthly Allowance To Unemployed Youth, Focus On Metro, Sports & Infra: CM Baghel Tabels Chhattisgarh Budget|url=https://news.abplive.com/states/chhattisgarh-budget-2023-announcement-for-health-education-agriculture-budget-highlights-cm-bhupesh-baghel-1586508|work=[[ABP News]]|date=6 March 2023|access-date=9 March 2023|language=en}}</ref>

===Air===
[[File:Swami vivekananda Airport terminal Raipur. Night view.jpg|thumb|[[Swami Vivekananda Airport|Swami Vivekananda Airport, Raipur]]]]

The nearest airport is [[Swami Vivekananda International Airport|Swami Vivekananda Airport]], the only major airport of Chhattisgarh, lies within the city premises of the city, in its western outskirts, {{cvt|10|km}} from the centre. The airport is well-connected, having daily direct flights to [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bangalore]], [[Pune]], [[Chennai]], [[Goa]], [[Lucknow]], [[Indore]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bhopal]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Nagpur]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Prayagraj]], and [[Jagdalpur]], operated by [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]], [[IndiGo]] and [[Vistara]] airlines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/state-editions/raipur-gets-air-connectivity-with-17-cities-in-country.html|title=Raipur gets air connectivity with 17 cities in country|website=The Pioneer|date=1 November 2021|access-date=15 November 2021}}</ref>

== Sports ==

[[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]] is a recently constructed [[cricket stadium]] in the city. It was opened in 2008, and has a capacity to handle 65,000 spectators. It is the second largest cricket stadium in [[India]] and the [[List of cricket grounds by capacity|fourth largest cricket stadium in the world by seating capacity]].

The stadium was home ground for two matches for the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) team, [[Delhi Daredevils]], during the 2013, 2015 and 2016 events.

The stadium hosted a [[half marathon]], with the theme ''"Let Us Run"'' on 16 December 2012 to mark [[Vijay Diwas (India)|Vijay Diwas]].<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/Half-marathon-in-Naya-Raipur/articleshow/17401264.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063340/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-27/raipur/35409677_1_half-marathon-international-cricket-stadium-capital-city |url-status=live |archive-date=16 February 2013 |title=Half marathon in Naya Raipur – TOI |date=27 November 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 April 2013}}</ref>

== Culture ==

Chhattisgarh is known for its rich cultural heritage, which includes folk music, dance, festivals, and traditional crafts.
[[File:Chhatisgarh Culture.jpg|thumb|Chhatisgarh Culture]]
'''Folk music and dance''': Chhattisgarh has many folk dances and music styles, including the famous Pandwani, a musical narration of the Mahabharata. Other dances include Raut Nacha, Panthi, Soowa, Paika, Chaitra Peram, Saila, Bagh, Osbara, and Disari.

'''Festivals''': Chhattisgarh celebrates many festivals, including Chakradhar Samaroh, Sirpur Mahotsav, Rajim Kumbh, and Bastar Lokotsav.

'''Traditional crafts''': Chhattisgarh has many traditional art and crafts.

'''Ornaments''': Traditional ornaments include kardhan, phully, painjna, bidhu, tora, and maldar.

== See also ==
* [[Naya Raipur Development Authority]]
* [[Purkhouti Muktangan, Naya Raipur]]
* [[Atal Park]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://atalnagar.com/ Naya Raipur Development Authority]
* [https://glibs.in/MISC/CM-Bhupesh-Baghel-inaugurates-zoo-in-Nandanvan-forest-73901.html/ Jungle Safari Zoo, Nava Raipur]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Chhattisgarh}}
{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nava Raipur]]
[[Category:Planned communities in India]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 2000]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]

Mohammad Amin Bhat

2026-05-03T10:07:30Z

Svetlbwz: Adding A Entry Added Tags

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1966)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
'''Mohammad Amin Bhat''' (born 1966) is an Indian politician from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He is a former MLA from [[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar Assembly constituency]] in [[Kulgam district]]. He won the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Jammu & Kashmir 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2014/jammu-&-kashmir/242/32 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=List of candidates declared winner by ECI : J&K Assembly Elections 2014 Result |url=https://statetimes.in/list-candidates-declared-winner-eci-jk-assembly-elections-2014-result/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Statetimes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://myneta.info/JammuKashmir2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=197</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bhat is from [[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar]], Kulgam district, Jammu and Kashmir. He is the son of Abdul Rehman Bhat. He passed Class 10 in 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammad Amin Bhat(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- DEVSAR(KULGAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/jk2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=167 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
He lost the Devsar seat on Democratic Azad Party ticket in the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]. Bhat won from Devsar Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election. He polled 20,162 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Mohammad Sartaj Madni of the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]], by a margin of 1,511 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly election winners list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/jammu-and-kashmir/story/jammu-kashmir-election-winners-list-assembly-polls-results-bjp-congress-pdp-nc-232557-2014-12-23 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He lost the Devsar seat on Congress ticket in the [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125092925/http://ceojk.nic.in:80/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf | archive-date=2015-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Election Results 2014: Complete list of winning candidates {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2014-complete-list-of-winning-candidates-230461/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]||[[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir]]||{{party name with color|Democratic Progressive Azad Party}}||{{Lost}}||10.66%||Peerzada Feroze Ahamad||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}||27.91%||<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]||[[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Won}}||35.08%||Mohammed Sartaj Madni||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||32.45%||<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]||[[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||{{Lost}}||10.30%||Mohammed Sartaj Madni||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||26.79%||<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhat, Mohammad Amin}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:People from Kulgam district]]
{{JammuKashmir-INC-politician-stub}}

Upasane

2026-04-27T15:44:03Z

Svetlbwz:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Upasane
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Puttanna Kanagal]]
| writer = Devaki Murthy
| based_on = ''Upasane'' by Devaki Murthy
| starring = [[Aarathi]] [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] [[Advani Lakshmi Devi]] [[K. S. Ashwath]]
| producer = [[S. Ramanathan (film director)|Rashi]] [[Shivaram|Brothers]]
| music = [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| cinematography = S. V. Srikanth
| editing = V. P. Krishnan
| studio = Chitra Jyothi Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1974}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Upasane''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಉಪಾಸನೆ.ogg|pronunciation}}; English: Worship) is a 1974 [[Kannada]] musical drama film, directed by [[Puttanna Kanagal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.movieslist.in/director/s-r-puttana-kanagal/films#.U3HvxXbNn20 |title=Best S.R. Puttanna Kanagal movies |access-date=13 May 2014 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815163133/http://www.movieslist.in/director/s-r-puttana-kanagal/films#.U3HvxXbNn20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film produced by Rashi brothers, is based on the novel of the same name, written by Devaki Murthy. The film mostly had women playing the lead roles, consisting of [[Aarathi]], [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]], [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]], G. V. Sharadha and [[Advani Lakshmi Devi]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0232878/fullcredits/ Upasane Full Cast & Crew]</ref> Dr. Govinda Mannur, [[K. S. Ashwath]] and Seetharam played the male supporting roles. Actor Seetharam was colloquially named as "Upasane" Seetharam for the rest of his career after the release of this film.

The film dealt with the plight of Sharadha (Aarathi) who intends to pursue her career in classical music. The film went on to win multiple high-profile awards at the [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] for the year 1974-75 including Best Film, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography. [[Aarathi]], who played the protagonist at the age of 19, won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Kannada|Filmfare Best Actress]] award.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Aarathi]] as Sharada
* [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] as Nagamma
* [[Advani Lakshmi Devi]] as Sumithra
* G. V. Sharada
* [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]] as Parvathi
* G. V. Swarnamma as Radio Rangamma
* Baby Rajalakshmi
* Baby Shyam
* Dr. Govinda Mannur
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Subba Rao
* Venkatarao Talageri
* Upasane Seetharam as Veene Anantha Shastry
* [[Vajramuni]] as Neelakantaiah
* [[H. R. Shastry]]
* [[Musuri Krishnamurthy]] as Saveri Sadashivaiah
* Chethan
* [[Shivaram]] as Shankarabharana
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://play.raaga.com/kannada/album/Upaasane-K0001157 |title=Upaasane songs |access-date=13 May 2014 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306125412/http://play.raaga.com/kannada/album/Upaasane-K0001157 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The soundtrack included a very famous [[Purandaradasa]] kriti rendered by [[S. Janaki]]. All the songs composed for the film were received extremely well and considered as evergreen songs.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aacharavillada Naalige
| extra1 = [[S. Janaki]]
| lyrics1 = [[Purandaradasa]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Sampige Marada
| extra2 = [[B. K. Sumitra]]
| lyrics2 = [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Bhaavavemba Hoovu Arali
| extra3 = [[Vani Jairam]]
| lyrics3 = [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Bharatha Bhooshira
| extra4 = S. Janaki
| lyrics4 = [[Vijaya Narasimha]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Bhaavayya Bhaavayya
| extra5 = Vani Jairam
| lyrics5 = R. N. Jayagopal
| length5 =
| title6 = Bhaavayya Bhaavayya
| extra6 = Vani Jairam
| lyrics6 = R. N. Jayagopal
| length6 =
| title7 = Karaagre Vasathe Lakshmi
| extra7 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]], L. R. Anjali
| lyrics7 = Chi. Udaya Shankar
| length7 =
}}

==Awards==

===[[Karnataka State Film Awards|Karnataka State Film Awards 1974-75]]===
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film|First Best Film]]
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] - [[Puttanna Kanagal]]
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue writer]] - Navarathnaram
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] - S. V. Srikanth
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]] - [[V. P. Krishnan]]
# [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]] - S. P. Ramanathan

===[[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South - 1974]]===
# [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Kannada|Best Actress]] - [[Aarathi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0232878}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001044214/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/06/03/stories/2005060303730100.htm Puttanna's big feats]
{{Puttanna Kanagal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upasane}}
[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:1970s musical drama films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Puttanna Kanagal]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Films about classical music and musicians]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijaya Bhaskar]]
[[Category:1974 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]
[[Category:1974 drama films]]
[[Category:1974 musical films]]

Borkung Hrangkhawl

2026-04-25T17:54:18Z

Svetlbwz: Added new details!

{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix =
| origin = [[Agartala]]
| module2 =
| module =
| spouse = Sentienla Lemtur
| website = 
| associated_acts = [[Hard Kaur]]
| label = [[Times Music]]
| years_active = 2012–present
| instrument =
| occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|Songwriter|Singer}}
| genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
| death_place =
| death_date = 
| birth_place = [[Agartala]], [[Tripura]]
| name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|10|07}}
| alias = B.K.
| birth_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| native_name =
| caption = Borkung in 2014
| alt = Borkung Hrangkhawl
| landscape = 
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| image = [[File:Borkung Hrangkhawl.jpg|220px]]
| honorific_suffix =
| module3 =
}}

'''Borkung Hrangkhawl''' (born October 7, 1987) also known as B.K., is a [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] rapper, singer and songwriter from Tripura.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-13|title=All you need is 'Jaan-Pehchaan': Borkung Hrangkhawl, Tripura rapper, on music and fighting discrimination|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/all-you-need-is-jaan-pehchaan-borkung-hrangkhawl-tripura-rapper-on-music-and-fighting-discrimination-2623792.html|access-date=2021-06-11|website=Firstpost}}</ref> He won a VIMA Asia Award and is well known in Northeast India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kiran|title=BORKUNG HRANGKHAWL|url=http://mixtapelive.in/artists/borkung-hrangkhawl/|access-date=2021-06-11|website=Mixtape|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Borkung's best of Indian hip-hop playlist|url=https://www.redbull.com/in-en/borkung-hip-hop-playlist|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.redbull.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028051412/https://www.redbull.com/in-en/borkung-hip-hop-playlist |archive-date=2020-10-28}}</ref>
He is the son of [[Tripura]] politician, [[Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl]].

== Discography ==

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Featuring
|-
|2021
|8
|Moko Koza
|-
|2020
|FAX
|
|-
|2020
|OPPOSITE
|
|-
|2016
|Fighter
|
|-
|2015
|Hashtag I Wanna Be Famous
|
|-
|2014
|Never Give Up
|
|-
|2013
|Free
|BK & INA
|-
|2013
|Fighter
|Meyi
|-
|2013
|The Journey
|
|-
|2012
|The Roots ("''Chini Haa''")
|
|}

== Other Appearances ==
'''Hrangkhwal''' also made an appearance at TEDxYouth@RonaldsayRoad, the first-ever TEDx event in the easternmost state of India. On the 20th of November 2021 made a Talk about self-promotion and belief and spoke on how to make your own path and scale new heights. Also speaking at the event were local celebrities and activists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TEDxYouth@RonaldsayRoad {{!}} TED |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/43413 |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=www.ted.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hrangkhawl, Borkung}}
[[Category:Musicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Indian rappers]]
[[Category:Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Sobha (company)

2026-04-25T02:56:03Z

Svetlbwz: Added new entry basic info

{{Short description|Indian real estate company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Sobha Limited
| logo = Sobha (company).svg
| type = Public
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted_list||{{BSE|532784}}|{{NSE|SOBHA}}}}
| industry = [[Real estate development]], construction
| founder = [[P. N. C. Menon]] {{small|(Chairman Emeritus)}}
| parent = [[Sobha Realty]]
| location_city = [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
| key_people = Francis Alfred {{small|(Managing Director)}}
| revenue = {{down}} {{INRConvert|2190.40|c}} (2021)
| operating_income = {{down}} {{INRConvert|676.39|c}} (2021)
| net_income = {{down}} {{INRConvert|62.27|c}} (2021)
| assets = {{up}} {{INRConvert|11208.25|c}} (2021)
| equity = {{down}} {{INRConvert|2427.74|c}} (2021)
| num_employees = 3000+ (2021)
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.sobha.com/}}
}}

'''Sobha Limited''' (formerly '''Sobha Developers Limited''') is a multinational real estate developer with its headquarters in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] and a corporate office in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/sobhadevelopers/management/SD6 |title=Sobha Developers Company Facts |publisher=Moneycontrol |access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref>

==History==
Sobha Realty is an international luxury developer. It was established in 1976 as an interior decoration firm in Oman by [[P. N. C. Menon]]. The company has developed and invested in projects in the UAE, Oman, Bahrain, Brunei and India.{{cn|date=January 2026}}

Sobha Limited was founded on 7 August 1995 by [[P. N. C. Menon]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sobha: Reports, Company History, Directors Report, Chairman's Speech, Auditors Report of SOBHA – NDTVProfit.com|url=http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/sobha-ltd_sobha/reports|website=profit.ndtv.com|publisher=NDTV Profit|access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref> The company announced an investment of {{currency|500|INR}} crore residential development in [[GIFT City]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/sobha-to-invest-rs-500-cr-on-housing-project-at-gift-city/articleshow/63787633.cms|title=Sobha to invest Rs 500 cr on housing project at GIFT City – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sobha-forays-into-gujarat-with-rs-500-cr-investment-in-gift-city/article23560702.ece|title=Sobha forays into Gujarat with Rs 500 cr investment in GIFT City|work=@businessline|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/sobha-to-invest-rs-500-cr-on-housing-project-at-gift-city-1213551-2018-04-16|title=Sobha to invest Rs 500 cr on housing project at GIFT City|website=India Today|date=16 April 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref>

The company changed its name to "Sobha Limited" on 18 August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Change in Name of the Company from "Sobha Developers Ltd" to "Sobha Ltd"|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/announcements/others/change-in-name-of-the-company-from-sobha-developers-ltd-to-sobha-ltd/article6331124.ece|access-date=30 September 2015|work=thehindubusinessline|agency=thehindubusinessline.com|date=19 August 2014}}</ref> Internationally, Sobha Ltd has operations running in Oman and [[Dubai]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/biz/inside.asp?xfile=/data/business/2012/February/business_February99.xml&section=business |title=Sobha city Project |publisher=khaleej Times |access-date=2012-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/property/international/india-s-sobha-developers-to-inject-dh11b-in-meydan-1.1084244|title=India's Sobha Developers Meydan Dubai Project|publisher=Gulf News |access-date=2013-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sobha Ltd Q3 profit rises marginally|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sobha-ltd-q3-profit-rises-marginally/article6887695.ece|access-date=18 February 2015|date=12 February 2015}}</ref> as '''Sobha Realty'''.

==References==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Real estate companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Real estate companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Usha Sirohi

2026-04-24T18:12:33Z

Svetlbwz: Added a post w/ sources.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Usha Sirohi
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bulandshahr Assembly constituency|Bulandshahr]]
| spouse = [[Virendra Singh Sirohi]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1 January 1952}}
| birth_place = [[Baghpat]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| successor = Pradeep Kumar Chaudhary
| predecessor = [[Virendra Singh Sirohi]]
| term_start = Nov 2020
| term_end = March 2022
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Usha Sirohi''' (born 1 January 1952) is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] who served as Member of [[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] (March 2017–March 2022) from [[Bulandshahr Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Rahul |title=BJP की उषा सिरोही ने फहराया जीत का परचम, बसपा के हाजी यूनुस को 22 हजार वोटों से हराया |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/bulandshahr/up-by-election-2020-bjp-candidate-usha-sirohi-won-bulandshahr-seat-588588.html |website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Prashant |date=2020-11-10 |title=बीजेपी की उषा सिरोही ने बसपा के हाजी यूनुस को बड़े अंतर से हराया |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/bulandshahr-up-bulandshahr-by-election-result-bjp-usha-sirohi-big-win-against-bsp-candidate-haji-yunus-upas-3332438.html |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=[[News18 India]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Members of Legislative Assembly Bio Data |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/12759/17 |website=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref> She is the widow of [[Virendra Singh Sirohi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dabas |first=Harveer |title=UP bypoll: 2 women MLAs to carry forward legacy of their husbands |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/up-bypoll-2-women-mlas-to-carry-forward-legacy-of-their-husbands/articleshow/79156291.cms |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Tamanna |date=2020-10-16 |title=दिवंगत MLA की पत्नी को बुलंदशहर सीट से टिकट मिलने पर BJP में उठे बगावत के सुर |url=https://up.punjabkesari.in/uttar-pradesh/news/late-mla-s-wife-got-ticket-from-bulandshahr-seat-1262077 |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=[[Punjab Kesari]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Pooja |title=बुलंदशहर की सदर सीट पर इन दो उम्मीदवारों में है कांटे की टक्कर, जानिए इनके बारे में |url=https://www.amarujala.com/delhi-ncr/bulandshahr-sadar-assembly-bypoll-2020-candidates-of-bjp-usha-sirohi-bsp-haji-yunus-rld-praveen-kumar-singh |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref> She married him on 7 June 1971.<ref name=":0" /> In [[2020 elections in India|2020 by-poll election]], she received 86,879 votes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Praveen |title=बुलंदशहर में BJP की बड़ी जीत, उषा सिरोही ने BSP को 21 हजार वोटों से हराया |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-bulandshahar-bypoll-result-2020-bjp-wins-bulandshahr-seat-usha-sirohi-defeats-bsp-by-21-thousand-votes-3621928.html |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=[[Live Hindustan]] |language=hindi}}</ref> and defeated Mohammad Yunus, with a margin of 21,702 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BULANDSHAHR ASSEMBLY BY ELECTION RESULTS (2020) |url=https://www.oneindia.com/bulandshahr-assembly-elections-up-65/ |website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sirohi, Usha}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Baghpat]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
{{improve categories|date=January 2023}}

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Guhanathan Narendar

2026-04-23T07:13:42Z

Svetlbwz: Added new data!

{{Short description|Former Chief Justice of Uttarakhand High Court}}
{{BLP one source|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Guhanathan Narendar
| office = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Uttarakhand High Court]]
| term_start = 26 December 2024
| term_end = 9 January 2026
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]].
| predecessor = [[Ritu Bahri]] [[Manoj Kumar Tiwari]] (acting)
| successor = [[Manoj Kumar Gupta]]
| office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
| appointer1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator1 = [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]]
| term_start1 = 30 October 2023
| term_end1 = 25 December 2024
| office2 = [[Judge]] of [[Karnataka High Court]]
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| nominator2 = [[H. L. Dattu]]
| term_start2 = 2 January 2015
| term_end2 = 29 October 2023
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice (Retd.)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|1|10|df=y}}
| image =
}}

'''Guhanathan Narendar''' (born 10 January 1964) is a retired Indian [[judge]], who served as the Chief Justice of [[Uttarakhand High Court]]. He also formerly served as a judge of the [[High courts of India|high courts]] of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2024 |title=Centre notifies appointment of Justice G Narendar as Uttarakhand High Court Chief Justice |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/centre-notifies-appointment-justice-g-narendar-uttarakhand-high-court-chief-justice |access-date=23 December 2024 |work=Bar & Bench}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=थपलियाल |first=अविकल |date=2024-12-23 |title=उत्तराखण्ड हाईकोर्ट के मुख्य न्यायाधीश बने आंध्रा हाईकोर्ट के जज गुहाँथन नरेंद्र |url=https://avikaluttarakhand.com/uttarakhand/uttarakhandandhra-high-court-judge-guhanthan-narendra-becomes-chief-justice-of-uttarakhand-high-court/ |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=Avikal Uttarakhand |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Indian judges]]
{{improve categories|date=December 2024}}

Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (TV series)

2026-04-15T10:08:05Z

Svetlbwz: Added new article!

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| genre = [[Reality television|Reality]]
| creator =
| developer =
| writer =
| director =
| creative_director =
| presenter = [[Sandhya Mridul]]
| judges = {{ubl|[[Sushmita Sen]]|[[Wasim Akram]]}}
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 10
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| editor =
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 52 minutes
| company =
| channel = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2008|9|26}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2008|10|25}}
}}

'''''Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena''''' ({{Translation|''A Player, A Beautiful Woman''}}) is an Indian [[reality TV]] dance series broadcast on [[Colors TV]] in 2008. The series was hosted by [[Sandhya Mridul]] and judged by [[Sushmita Sen]] and former Pakistani cricketer [[Wasim Akram]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20080901-dance-with-me-737350-2008-08-22|title=Dance with me|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=23 January 2023|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123180251/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20080901-dance-with-me-737350-2008-08-22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/08wasim.htm|title=Judging Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena|website=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=23 January 2023|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123180252/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/08wasim.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Concept==
The show was a reality dance contest with six couples as the participants. Each couple consisted of one Indian cricketer and one movie celebrity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081019/spectrum/main5.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=23 January 2023|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123180416/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081019/spectrum/main5.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The first season was won by [[Harbhajan Singh]] and [[Mona Singh]].

==Contestants==
* Pair 1: [[S Sreesanth]] and [[Surveen Chawla]]
* Pair 2: [[Harbhajan Singh]] and [[Mona Singh]] (Winners)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/harbhajan-mona-singh-winners-of-ek-khiladi-ek-haseena-300347.html|title=Harbhajan, Mona Singh; winners of Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena|date=26 October 2008|website=[[News18]]|access-date=24 January 2023|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124043412/https://www.news18.com/news/india/harbhajan-mona-singh-winners-of-ek-khiladi-ek-haseena-300347.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Pair 3: [[Irfan Pathan]] and [[Ashima Bhalla]]
* Pair 4: [[Dinesh Karthik]] and [[Nigaar Khan]]
* Pair 5: [[Nikhil Chopra]] and [[Barkha Bisht]]
* Pair 6: [[Vinod Kambli]] and [[Shama Sikander]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:2008 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2008 Indian television series endings]]

Charansing Thakur

2026-04-14T13:52:38Z

Svetlbwz: Added new data!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = Charangsing Thakur
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 26 November 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Anil Deshmukh]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Katol (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katol]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|09|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
| occupation = Politician
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Charansing Babulalji Thakur''' (born 1 September 1959)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Charansing Babulalji Thakur(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KATOL(NAGPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=969 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]]. He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from [[Katol Assembly constituency]] in [[Nagpur district]]. He won the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katol Assembly Election 2024: Katol Election Candidates List, Election Date, Chunav Results, Vote Share News in Hindi {{!}} काटोल विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2024 - AajTak |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/maharashtra/katol-assembly-result-13048 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Thakur is from [[Katol]], Nagpur district, Maharashtra. He is the son of Babulal Mehtapsing Thakur. He studied Class 12 and passed the examinations conducted by the Maharashtra Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board, [[Nagpur]], in 1988.<ref name=":0" />

==Political career==

Charansing Thakur is a member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation.
Thakur won from Katol Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election. He polled 104,338 votes and defeated his nearest rival and former home minister, Anil Deshmukh's son Salil of the [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|Nationalist Congress Party (SP)]], by a margin of 38,816 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katol Assembly Election Results 2024: Katol Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/maharashtra/katol-constituency-result-13048 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2024 |title=Live: Katol Election Results 2024 {{!}} Maharashtra Election Results {{!}} Elections 2024 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024/katol |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Katol Election Result 2024 LIVE: Charansing Babulalji Thakur of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/katol-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9129992.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, in the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], he lost to [[Anil Deshmukh]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]], by a margin of 17,057 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katol Constituency Election Results 2024: Katol Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/constituency-show/katol |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Katol Assembly Election Results 2024: Katol Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/maharashtra/katol-constituency-result-13048 |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Katol Assembly Election Results 2020 Live Updates, Katol Assembly Election Latest News & Updates |url=https://news.abplive.com/maharashtra-election/katol-assembly-election-result-2019-48.html |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Charansing}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Nagpur district]]

Badshah (rapper)

2026-03-28T19:47:23Z

Svetlbwz: slightly expanded section per sources also and improved wording

{{short description|Indian rapper and singer (born 1985)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Badshah
| image = Badshah snapped promoting their song (cropped).jpg
| caption = Badshah in 2018
| birth_name = Aditya Prateek Singh Sisodia
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|11|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India
| other_names = {{hlist|Badboyshah}}
| alma mater = [[Punjab Engineering College]]
| spouse = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|Jasmine Masih|2012|2020|reason=div.}}
* {{marriage|[[Isha Rikhi]] |2026}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 2026 |title=Did Badshah tie the knot with Isha Rikhi? Isha's mother drops wedding photos, fuels speculation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/badshah-marries-isha-rikhi-wedding-photos-fuels-speculation-10598447/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=24 March 2026}}</ref>
}}
| children = 1
| occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|music producer|filmmaker|entrepreneur}}
| years active = 2006-present
| television = {{hlist|[[MTV Hustle]]|[[India's Got Talent]]|[[Indian Idol]]|[[Dil Hai Hindustani]]}}|
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed=yes
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
*[[Asees Kaur]]
*[[Diljit Dosanjh]]
*[[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]]
*[[Divine]]
*[[Jbalvin]]
*[[Arijit Singh]]
*[[Seedhe Maut]]
*[[Nora Fatehi]]
*[[Jacqueline Fernandez]]
*[[Karan Aujla]]
*[[Raga]]
*Uchana Amit
*[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
*[[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]||
*[[Tainy]]
*[[Ikka]]
}}
| origin = {{ubl|[[Delhi]], [[Chandigarh]]}}
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Pop rap]]
*[[underground rap]]
*[[synthwave]]
* [[Hip-Hop]]
* [[Desi hip hop]]
* [[Bollywood music|Bollywood]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Sony Music Entertainment]]
* [[Universal Music Group]]
}}
| past_member_of = [[Yo Yo Honey Singh#Mafia Mundeer |Mafia Mundeer]]
}}
}}

'''Aditya Prateek Singh'''{{Efn|Badshah has often referred to his full name as '''Aditya Prateek Singh Sisodiya'''; however, he confirmed that his name on passport does not have '''Sisodiya''' in a [[The Lallantop]] interview.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed8baqfORYc |title=Badshah ने Yo Yo Honey Singh से लड़ाई, Mafia Mundeer, Brown Rang, Angreji Beat लिखने पर ये बतायाGITN |date=2024-09-07 |last=The Lallantop |access-date=2024-09-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref> His business filings also do not end with '''Sisodiya'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director Master Info |url=https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/mca/master-data/MDS/director-master-info.html?DIN=mltazUZOY6r/N4NzunkBcw== |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=www.mca.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ADITYA PRATEEK SINGH |url=https://www.indiafilings.com/search/aditya-prateek-singh-din-08022516 |website=IndiaFilings}}</ref> Bharatpedia's introduction uses only the legal name.|name=n1}} better known professionally as '''Badshah''' is an [[India|Indian]] rapper, singer-songwriter, music producer, businessman and movie producer. He is one of the most influential music artists in India widely credited with helping [[Indian hip-hop|Indian Hip-Hop]] music reach global mainstream audiences. He is known for his high energy songs and commercial sound.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badshah’s biggest hits: The songs that made him a star |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/badshahs-biggest-hits-the-songs-that-made-him-a-star/153173040 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-01 |title=India’s Got Talent: Badshah calls Raftaar India's 'most skilled rapper' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indias-got-talent-badshah-calls-raftaar-indias-most-skilled-rapper/articleshow/103287259.cms |access-date=2026-03-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Badshah gained widespread recognition after his 2012 single, "Saturday Saturday", was featured in the soundtrack of the 2014 movie, ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''. His notable works in Bollywood films include "Abhi Toh Party Shuru Hui Hai" from [[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|''Khoobsurat'']], "Kar Gayi Chull" from [[Kapoor & Sons|''Kapoor and Sons'']], "Garmi" from ''[[Street Dancer 3D]]'', "Naina" from [[Crew (film)|''Crew'']], and "Proper Patola" from ''[[Namaste England]]'', among others. He has also collaborated with international artists such as [[J Balvin]] and [[Tainy]] for the song "Voodoo",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Legaspi |first=Althea |date=2022-04-22 |title=Badshah, J Balvin Conjure Spirits in Trilingual 'Voodoo' Video |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/badshah-j-balvin-tainy-voodoo-song-video-1341487/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=[[Rolling Stone]] |language=en-US}}</ref> with the remix of the song featuring a guest verse from [[Lil Baby]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schube |first=Will |date=2022-06-11 |title=Lil Baby Joins Badshah And Bad Bunny For ‘Voodoo’ Remix |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/badshah-voodoo-remix-j-balvin-lil-baby/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref>

Badshah has appeared as a judge on ''[[MTV Hustle]]'', ''[[Indian Idol (Hindi TV series)|Indian Idol]]'', ''[[Dil Hai Hindustani]]'', ''[[India's Got Talent]]'', and ''[[India's Got Latent]]''.

==Early life and education==

Prior to becoming a full-time musician he enrolled as a student of civil engineering at[[Punjab Engineering College| Punjab Engineering College (PEC)]], Chandigarh, where he was exposed to new [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] music which prompted him to take on [[Hip hop music|rap]] writing.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hebbar|first1=Prajakta|title='If I wasn't a rapper, I'd have been an IAS officer': Everything you wanted to know about Badshah, who calls himself a 'prime-time' version of Honey Singh|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/if-i-wasnt-a-rapper-id-have-been-an-ias-officer-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-badshah-who-calls-himself-a-primetime-version-of-honey-singh/495965-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904160547/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/if-i-wasnt-a-rapper-id-have-been-an-ias-officer-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-badshah-who-calls-himself-a-primetime-version-of-honey-singh/495965-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2014|publisher=IBN Live|access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=I don't want to compose Bollywood albums: Badshah - Full News |url=http://kerala.indiaeveryday.in/fullnews-i-dont-want-to-compose-bollywood-albums-badshah-1190-627952.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619132529/http://kerala.indiaeveryday.in/fullnews-i-dont-want-to-compose-bollywood-albums-badshah-1190-627952.htm |archive-date=19 June 2015 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=kerala.indiaeveryday.in |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-04 |title=Packed in promise {{!}} chandigarh {{!}} Hindustan Times |url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/packed-in-promise/article1-1169384.aspx |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=archive.ph |archive-date=4 July 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160704131443/http://m.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/packed-in-promise/article1-1169384.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/badshah-i-still-have-my-st-stephens-id-that-is-something-worth-flaunting/articleshow/64973935.cms|title=Badshah: I still have my St Stephen's ID, that is something worth flaunting|website=The Times of India|date=14 July 2018 |access-date=9 June 2019}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== 2006-2012: Career beginnings, Soda Whiskey and ''Mafia Mundeer'' ===
Badshah started his career in the music industry with the name "Cool Equal", but then changed his name to Badshah on the Indian rapper [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]'s advice as according to Badshah, Singh thought that "he lived like a 'Badshah' ({{Translation|king}}) i.e. he would wake up or call whenever he wanted to and according to his own liking".<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXWcnBiLlRw |title=Badshah I Exclusive I Full Official Interview I PTC Punjabi |date=2014-09-05 |last=PTCPunjabi |access-date=2026-03-07 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The unstoppable boys of Punjabi Pop |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reviews-and-essays/swagga-us |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=caravanmagazine.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghaintpunjab.com/GhaintPunjab/Article/13965/aditya-prateek-singh-sisodia-cool-equal-old%20name-badshah|title=Aditya Prateek Singh Sisodia Was 'Cool Equal' Before Finally Becoming 'Badshah'!|website=Ghaint Punjab|access-date=9 June 2019|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226061811/https://www.ghaintpunjab.com/GhaintPunjab/Article/13965/aditya-prateek-singh-sisodia-cool-equal-old%20name-badshah|url-status=dead}}</ref> In his 2024 interview with ''[[The Lallantop]]'', Badshah claims initially giving Singh 2 lakh rupees, followed by an additional 3 lakh rupees for doing the music production for his debut English-language album and subsequently, 6 lakh rupees for fulfilling the budget for the music video of the song "Get Up Jawani", which was shot in 2009. The track became a part of Singh's debut album ''[[International Villager]]'' which launched in November 2011, with the release of its music video in April 2012.
[[File:Badshah snapped on the sets of Dance India Dance.jpg|thumb|238x238px|Badshah & [[Raftaar]], both of whom were former members of ''Mafia Mundeer'']]
In late 2011-early 2012, he split from [[Yo Yo Honey Singh#Mafia Mundeer|Mafia Mundeer]] and Singh due to credit-related problems. In an earlier interview with Raaj Jones in 2015, Badshah claims to have co-written many tracks with Singh, including "[[Brown Rang]]", the rap segment for "Angreji Beat" and also, for Singh & [[Raj Brar]]'s 2008 track, "Chandigarh De Nazareyan Ne Patteya". Badshah claims to have written/co-written almost all tracks for Singh, till the latter's album ''[[International Villager]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Badshah – Must Watch Interview (Talking about Bajrangi Bhaijaan & Mafia Mundeer)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmlNr_2Ua0o|website=YouTube|publisher=Raaj Jones|date=2014|access-date=20 August 2025}}</ref> Badshah reiterated his claim in the interview with ''The Lallantop'' to have written the track "Brown Rang" and the rap segment for the track "Angreji Beat" for Singh, which the latter denied. Singh, in an interview with the same media outlet, has denied that Badshah was ever a part of "Mafia Mundeer" and instead states that Badshah was just a client for him.<ref>{{cite web | title=यो यो हनी सिंह से लड़ाई पर बादशाह ने सारे जवाब दे दिए | date=6 September 2024 | url=https://www.thelallantop.com/entertainment/post/badshah-on-working-with-yo-yo-honey-singh-and-songs-likes-angreji-beat-brown-rang }}</ref>

=== 2012-2020: Mainstream breakout, ''Original Never Ends'' and acting debut ===
He broke into the mainstream after his 2012 single, "Saturday Saturday", was featured in the soundtrack of the 2014 movie, ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Priya |date=2018-10-13 |title=Badshah's Kingdom Of Hip-Hop |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/culture/badshahs-kingdom-hip-hop |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-04 |title=Saturday Saturday maker Badshah: I'm an artiste, not a preacher |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/saturday-saturday-maker-badshah-im-an-artiste-not-a-preacher/articleshow/37711133.cms |access-date=2025-02-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

His track "Abhi Toh Party Shuru Hui Hai" alongside [[Aastha Gill]] and Bollywood actor [[Sonam Kapoor]] in the music video was featured in the 2014 Disney film, [[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|''Khoobsurat'']]. The track became a blockbuster and has since crossed one billion views on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web | title=Watch: Sonam Kapoor in 'Abhi Toh Party' from 'Khoobsurat' | date=22 August 2014 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/watch-sonam-kapoor-in-abhi-toh-party-from-khoobsurat/ }}</ref>

Badshah released his debut album, ''O.N.E. (Original Never Ends)'', on August 17, 2018, preceded by the release of two lead singles "Mercy" and "Heartless", the former of which crossed 21 million views on YouTube in a week.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-17 |title=Badshah on his debut album ONE: I've lived with the album for so long, I started to believe it is alive |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/badshah-rapper-one-album-heartless-video-5310111/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Durham |first=Bryan |title=Rapper Badshah on shooting on a Boeing wing, a workaholic and 21 million hits for his latest video |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-rapper-badshah-on-shooting-on-a-boeing-wing-a-workaholic-and-21-million-hits-for-his-latest-video-2391782 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Akundi |first=Sweta |date=2018-08-28 |title=The buzz about Badshah |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/the-buzz-about-badshah/article24802167.ece |access-date=2026-03-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

[[File:Miss Diva 2017 contestants at Yamaha music video launch.jpg|thumb|upright|Badshah & Miss Diva 2017 contestants at Yamaha music video launch]]
His 2019 song "Paagal" reached 74.8 million views on [[YouTube]] within 24 hours which would have set the record for the most-viewed video in 24 hours on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapper Badshah becomes first Indian artist to create world record with his latest track 'Paagal' {{!}} Hindi Movie News – Bollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/rapper-badshah-becomes-first-indian-artist-to-create-world-record-with-his-latest-track-paagal/videoshow/70189336.cms |access-date=15 July 2019 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Badshah's label, [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]], confirmed that they had used the help of advertisements from [[Google AdSense]] to promote the song.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-29 |title=Smart advertising: Badshah reveals how a Google tool helped him get 75mn YouTube views, beat Taylor Swift's record |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/the-magic-of-smart-advertising-badshah-reveals-how-a-google-tool-helped-him-get-75mn-youtube-views-beat-taylor-swifts-record/articleshow/70409175.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2026-03-04 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Joyain |date=2019-08-21 |title=Badshah admits he used Google ads to break online world record with his new song, Paagal |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2019/Jul/28/badshah-admits-he-used-google-ads-to-break-online-world-record-with-his-new-song-paagal-16978.html |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=[[Indulgexpress]] |language=en}}</ref> An explanation from YouTube not acknowledging the record was because Badshah's record label Sony Music India had purchased advertisements from Google and YouTube that embedded the video or directed fans to it in some way, a common practice in the global [[music industry]].<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite news |date=30 July 2019 |title=Bollywood Rapper Sets Viewer Record YouTube Isn't Talking About |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-30/bollywood-rapper-sets-viewer-record-youtube-isn-t-talking-about |access-date=20 September 2019 |agency=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref>

He made his acting debut in August 2019 in the movie, ''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Karishma |date=30 July 2019 |title=Rapper Badshah makes his acting debut with film Khandaani Shafakhana |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rapper-badshah-makes-his-acting-debut-with-film-khandaani-shafakhana/cid/1695506 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730172828/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/rapper-badshah-makes-his-acting-debut-with-film-khandaani-shafakhana/cid/1695506 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=[[Telegraph India]]}}</ref>

=== 2020-2023: ''The Power of Dreams of a Kid'' and ''Retropanda - Part 1'' EP ===
[[File:Occlusion Fest.jpg|thumb|[[Aastha Gill]] & Badshah Occlusion Fest, 2019]]
On 7 August 2020, the rapper released an alternative hip-hop album, ''The Power of Dreams of a Kid'', which had eight tracks and included features from various artists such as [[Lisa Mishra]], Sikander Kahlon, Fotty Seven, Bali, and music producer Andy Grewal. According to Badshah, the album dealt with the themes of his musical journey. The mixing and mastering of the album was handled by Aditya Dev.<ref>{{Cite web|last=IANS|title=Badshah set to drop new hip-hop album with eight tracks|url=https://telanganatoday.com/badshah-set-to-drop-new-hip-hop-album-with-eight-tracks|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2020-08-01 |title=Badshah to drop new hip-hop album with eight tracks |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/badshah-to-drop-new-hip-hop-album-with-eight-tracks-1.72924247 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}</ref>

His song "[[Genda Phool (Badshah song)|Genda Phool]]" was released by [[Sony Music India]] in 2020. It sampled a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] folk song "Boro Loker Biti Lo". Ratan Kahar, a Bengali artist, claimed to be the original writer and composer of the folk song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/exclusive-interview-bengali-folk-artist-ratan-kahar-claim-he-is-the-writer-and-composer-of-boroloker-bitilo_307857.html|title='আইনি লড়াইয়ে যাওয়ার আর্থিক সামর্থ্য নেই', 'বড়লোকের বিটি লো' নিয়ে আক্ষেপের সুর রতন কাহারের|date=28 March 2020|website=Zee24Ghanta.com|access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref> Though Badshah later released a statement saying that it was a traditional [[Baul]] [[Folk music|folk song]] which was not copyrighted, since folk music does not fall under copyright protections and is thus in the [[public domain]].<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1245014731552772097|user=Its_Badshah|title=Please read|author=Badshah|date=31 March 2020}}</ref>

Badshah collaborated with [[Aastha Gill]] for the song "Pani Pani"''.'' The music video featured him alongside [[Jacqueline Fernandez]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-10 |title=Paani Paani song: A gorgeous Jacqueline Fernandez, and Badshah's lyrics that make no sense |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/paani-paani-song-a-gorgeous-jacqueline-fernandez-and-badshahs-lyrics-that-make-no-sense-7350770/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He further released the [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] version of the song, and rapped in the Bhojpuri language, alongside [[Khesari Lal Yadav]]. The Bhojpuri version got more than one million views in less than an hour and became the first Bhojpuri song to do so.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-11 |title=Badshah recreates 'Paani Paani' in Bhojpuri |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/badshahs-recreates-paani-paani-in-bhojpuri |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=DESIblitz |language=en}}</ref>

Badshah released a four-track EP, ''Retropanda - Part 1,'' on 14 March 2022. The EP featured the track "Jugnu" featuring [[Nikhita Gandhi]], which has amassed over 200 million streams on Spotify.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kappal |first=Bhanuj |date=2022-05-02 |title="The race I've chosen now is to represent India on the global stage", says Badshah, India's biggest pop star who's about to get even bigger |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/the-race-ive-chosen-now-is-to-represent-india-on-the-global-stage-says-badshah-indias-biggest-pop-star-whos-about-to-get-even-bigger |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=[[GQ India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref>

=== 2023-present: ''3:00 AM Sessions'' and ''Ek Tha Raja'' albums ===
In 2023, Badshah released his third studio album, ''3:00 AM Sessions'', which featured [[Karan Aujla]] on the first track. According to Badshah, the project represented "his unfiltered and vulnerable side".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sapra |first=Arun |date=October 3, 2023 |title='We're at the Cusp of a Brown Takeover': Badshah on Cultural Representation, Handling Success and More |url=https://browngirlmagazine.com/were-at-the-cusp-of-a-brown-takeover-badshah-on-cultural-representation-handling-success-and-more/ |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=Brown Girl Magazine}}</ref>

A year later, he released his fourth studio album, [[Ek Tha Raja (album)|''Ek Tha Raja'']] on 18 March 2024, through [[Universal Music Group]]. It features several artists including [[Divine (rapper)|Divine]], [[Raftaar]], [[Karan Aujla]], [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]], Dino James, [[Nora Fatehi]], Raga, [[Seedhe Maut]], [[Aastha Gill]], [[Arijit Singh]], [[MC Stan]], [[KRSNA (rapper)|KR$NA]] and [[Nikhita Gandhi]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2024-03-21 |title=Indian Rapper Badshah on New Album 'Ek Tha Raja,' Working With Shah Rukh Khan, Arijit Singh: 'I'm Like This Cousin Who Starts the Party' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/asia/badshah-ek-tha-raja-shah-rukh-khan-arijit-singh-1235946960/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=2024-03-18 |title=Badshah's Star-Studded New Album 'Ek Tha Raja' Is Here |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/badshah-ek-tha-raja-album-songs-mc-stan-karan-aujla/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=[[Rolling Stone India]] |language=en-US}}</ref> He also announced the Paagal World Tour 2024.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-01 |title=Rapper Badshah goes global, will head to USA, Canada with The Paagal Tour 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/rapper-badshah-goes-global-will-head-to-usa-canada-with-the-paagal-tour-2024-101709293415352.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702123243/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/rapper-badshah-goes-global-will-head-to-usa-canada-with-the-paagal-tour-2024-101709293415352.html |archive-date=2 July 2024 |access-date=2025-02-16 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2025, Badshah announced his EP ''Fitoor,'' which was branded as his first independent project. All the songs were released as singles before being released together as an EP on August 16, 2025. The project was his first one to include no features.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 24, 2025 |title=Badshah Explosive Teaser of 'Dear Adtiya' – His First Independent Album Fitoor On 27 February |url=https://musicalsatans.com/badshah-album-fitoor-dear-aditya-song-teaser/ |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=Musical Satans}}</ref> The track "Galiyon Ke Ghalib" attracted attention for its incisive lyricism and Badshah debuting as a dancer in the music video.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2025 |title=Badshah Stuns With His Solo Dance Moves In 'Galiyon Ke Ghalib' Entertainment |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/badshah-unleashes-a-new-avataar-with-galiyon-ke-ghalib-1875989 |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

In December 2025, [[Maybach]] Icons of Luxury announced a limited-edition eyewear collaboration with Badshah, making him the brand's first South Asian creative partner. The capsule includes five optical and sunglass models co-designed by Badshah: rimless “The Artist III” frames with curved titanium, sound-wave-inspired temples (in Electric Yellow and Deep Blue), and “The King III” aviators in Camouflage, Snow Camouflage, and Tigers of India motifs. A special King III version is set with 90 diamonds and limited to five units. The collection was released via Eternity Lifestyles in India and Maybach Eyewear retailers worldwide, with prices starting at US$2,850.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-05 |title=MAYBACH Eyewear Marks a Global First with Badshah Collaboration |url=https://hypebeast.com/2025/12/maybach-eyewear-icons-of-luxury-badshah-collaboration-release-info |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Hypebeast}}</ref>

Badshah participated in the [[NBA All-Star Celebrity Game]] in February 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazumdar |first=Shreyanka |date=February 16, 2026 |title=Badshah Becomes First Indian Rapper To Play At The NBA All-Star Celebrity Game, Videos Go Viral |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/badshah-becomes-first-indian-rapper-to-play-at-the-nba-all-star-celebrity-game-videos-go-viral-9905622.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260217171348/https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/badshah-becomes-first-indian-rapper-to-play-at-the-nba-all-star-celebrity-game-videos-go-viral-9905622.html |archive-date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-03-04 |work=[[News18]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2026, Badshah was embroiled in a controversy over his Haryanvi song "Tateeree".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-06 |title=Rapper Badshah hit with FIR over Tateeree song; alleged obscene lyrics, school-set visuals spark controversy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/rapper-badshah-hit-with-fir-over-tateeree-song-alleged-obscene-lyrics-school-set-visuals-spark-controversy-101772811658146.html |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The track attracted criticism for its allegedly objectionable lyrics and visuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What exactly the lyrics in Badshah’s ‘Tateeree’ mean and why people are calling them vulgar |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/top-headlines/what-exactly-the-lyrics-in-badshahs-tateeree-mean-and-why-people-are-calling-them-vulgar/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> An FIR was registered in Panchkula, Haryana, under the provisions related to obscene content and representation of women.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2026-03-07 |title=FIR Against Badshah in Haryana Over ‘Tateeree’ Song Controversy |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/breaking-news/fir-against-badshah-tateeree-song-haryana-police-latest |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> Following the backlash, Badshah issued a public apology and the music video as well as audio was removed from all streaming platforms.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-07 |title=Badshah apologises after FIR over Tateeree: 'I expect that you will forgive me by considering me the son of Haryana' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/badshah-apologises-after-fir-over-tateeree-i-expect-that-you-will-forgive-me-by-considering-me-the-son-of-haryana/articleshow/129219611.cms |access-date=2026-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Journal |first=The CSR |date=2026-03-07 |title=Rapper Badshah Issues Apology Over 'Tateeree' Controversy |url=https://thecsrjournal.in/rapper-badshah-issues-apology-tateeree-controversy/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=The CSR Journal |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nautiyal |first=Devyani |date=2026-03-08 |title=Badshah Apologises After ‘Tateeree’ Backlash, Removes Controversial Track From All Platforms |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/badshah-apology-tateeree-controversy-song-removed-fir-haryana-1830253 |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He married Jasmine Masih in 2012. In January 2017, they had a daughter together named Jessemy Grace Masih Singh.<ref>{{Cite news|last=sahay|first=gaurav|title=Singer-rapper Badshah: I hated kids... until my daughter was born|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/singer-rapper-badshah-i-hated-kids-until-my-daughter-was-born/story-SZCvfVun1hk48Xac3ZKicP.html|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-03 |title='This is super lame.' Badshah says he is 'not getting married' to Isha Rikhi |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/this-is-super-lame-badshah-says-he-is-not-getting-married-to-isha-rikhi/articleshow/99202091.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-11 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> They divorced in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2024 |title=Badshah opens up on divorce from ex-wife Jasmine Masih: 'We tried our best' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/badshah-opens-up-on-divorce-from-ex-wife-jasmine-masih-we-tried-our-best-101725714641177.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

In March 2026, Badshah married actress [[Isha Rikhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Kusumika |date=March 25, 2026 |title=Badshah's Relationship Timeline: From First Marriage, To Divorce, And Second Wedding |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/badshahs-relationship-timeline-from-first-marriage-to-divorce-and-second-wedding-11263882 |access-date=March 28, 2026 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

Badshah has also ventured into the hospitality industry with several diverse dining experiences. He co-owns Dragonfly Experience in Delhi and Mumbai, and has launched three upscale restaurants in Chandigarh — Sago Spice Symphony, Seville, and Sidera.<ref>{{cite web |title=Badshah Restaurants |work=NDTV Food |url=https://food.ndtv.com/news/rapper-badshah-ventures-into-hospitality-industry-backs-three-chandigarh-restaurants-4671970}}</ref> In 2025, he also introduced Badboy Pizza, a QSR brand in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Badshah Mumbai restaurant | work=The Economic Times | date=5 July 2025 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/badshah-now-sells-pizza-with-ghost-enters-dominos-turf-with-badboy-pizza/articleshow/122266663.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>

==Discography==
=== Albums and EPs ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Producer(s)
!Writer(s)
!Label
!Language(s)
!Release date
|-
| ''O.N.E. (Original Never Ends)''
| Badshah, Sez On The Beat, The Boss
| Badshah, Various Artists
| [[Sony Music India]]
| [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language| Punjabi]]
| 17 August 2018
|-
| ''The Power Of Dreams Of A Kid''
| Badshah, Andy Grewal
| Badshah, Various Artists
| Badshah
| [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language| Punjabi]], [[English language| English]], [[Haryanvi]]
| 7 August 2020
|-
|''Retropanda - Part 1''
| rowspan="2" |Hiten
| Badshah, [[Aastha Gill]], Nikitha Gandi
| [[Universal Music India]]
| [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language| Punjabi]]
| 14 March 2022
|-
| ''3:00 AM Sessions''
| Badshah, Various Artists
| [[Universal Music India]]
| [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language| Punjabi]]
| 7 February 2023
|-
| ''Ek Tha Raja''
| Badshah, Hiten
| Badshah, Various Artists
| [[Universal Music India]]
| [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language| Punjabi]], [[English language| English]]
| 18 March 2024
|-
| ''FITOOR''
| Badshah, Hiten
| Badshah
| [[Universal Music India]]
| [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language| Punjabi]], [[English language| English]]
| 16 August 2025
|-
|}
=== Bollywood music ===
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Movie
! Song
! Singer(s)/co-singer(s)
! Composer(s)
! Language
! Label
|'''Ref.'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''
|"Saturday Saturday"
|[[Akriti Kakkar]], Indeep Bakshi
|[[Sharib Sabri|Sharib]]-[[Toshi Sabri|Toshi]]
| rowspan="7" | Hindi
|[[Sony Music India]]
|
|-
|[[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|''Khoobsurat'']]
|"Abhi Toh Party Shuru Hui Hai"
|Aastha Gill
|Badshah
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2015
|''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]''
|"Selfie Le Le Re"
|[[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Nakash Aziz]], [[Pritam]]
|[[Pritam]]
|
|-
|''[[ABCD 2]]''
|"Vande Mataram"
|[[Daler Mehndi]], Tanishka Sanghvi and [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|rowspan="2" | [[Zee Music Company]]
|
|-
|''[[Second Hand Husband]]''
|"Bad Baby"
|[[Gippy Grewal]]
|
|
|-
|[[All Is Well (2015 film)|''All Is Well'']]
|"Chaar Shanivaar"
|Vishal Dadlani, [[Armaan Malik]]
|[[Amaal Mallik]]
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
|
|-
|''[[Jazbaa]]''
|"Aaj Raat Ka Scene"
|[[Shraddha Pandit]]
|Badshah
|Zee Music Company
|
|-
|''[[Vedalam]]''
|"Aaluma Doluma"
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|
|Tamil
|Sony Music India
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2016
|''[[Sanam Re]]''
|"Akkad Bakkad"
|[[Neha Kakkar]]
|Badshah
| rowspan="20" |Hindi
|T-Series
|
|-
|''[[Teraa Surroor]]''
|"Teri Yaad"
|colspan="2"|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|[[HR Musik Limited]] and T-Series
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Kapoor & Sons]]''
|"Kar Gayi Chull"
|Fazilpuria, [[Sukriti Kakar]], [[Neha Kakkar]]
|Amaal Mallik, Badshah
|rowspan="2"|Sony Music India
|
|-
|"Let's Nacho"
|[[Benny Dayal]]
|[[Nucleya]], Benny Dayal
|
|-
|[[Sultan (2016 film)|''Sultan'']]
|"Baby Ko Bass Pasand Hai"
|Vishal Dadlani, [[Shalmali Kholgade]], Ishita, [[Neeti Mohan]]
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|[[YRF Music]]
|
|-
|''[[Baar Baar Dekho]]''
|"[[Kala Chashma]]"
|[[Amar Arshi]], Neha Kakkar, Indeep Bakshi
|Badahah, Prem-Hardeep
|Zee Music Company
|
|-
|''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''
|"The Breakup Song"
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Jonita Gandhi]] and Nakash Aziz
|[[Pritam]]
|Sony Music India
|
|-
|''[[Shivaay]]''
|"Bolo Har Har Har"
|[[Mithoon]], [[Mohit Chauhan]], [[Sukhwinder Singh]] Megha Sriram Dalton, Anugrah and The Vamps
|[[Mithoon]]
|T-Series
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2017
|''[[OK Jaanu]]''
|"The Humma Song"
| [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|[[A.R. Rahman]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Badshah
|Sony Music India
|
|-
|''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]''
|"Tamma Tamma Again"
|[[Bappi Lahiri]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|Tanishk Bagchi
|rowspan="5"|T-Series
|
|-
|''[[Noor (2017 film)|Noor]]''
|"Move Your Lakk"
|[[Diljit Dosanjh]], [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
|Badshah
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Move Your Lakk by Badshah, Sonakshi Sinha, Diljit Dosanjh|date=29 March 2017|url=https://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Move-Your-Lakk-2017/Rs588ctPLJg_|access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mubarakan]]''
|"Mubarakan (Title Track)"
|[[Juggy D]], [[Yash Narvekar]], [[Sukriti Kakar]]
|[[Rishi Rich]], Badshah
|
|-
|[[Bhoomi (2017 film)|''Bhoomi'']]
|"Trippy Trippy"
|Neha Kakkar, Benny Dayal, [[Brijesh Shandilya]]
|Sachin–Jigar
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2018
|[[Blackmail (2018 film)|''Blackmail'']]
|"Happy Happy"
|Aastha Gill
|Badshah
|<ref>{{cite web | title=Blackmail song Happy Happy: A sad Irrfan Khan, a singing Badshah and reams of toilet paper. Watch video | website=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=24 February 2018 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/blackmail-song-happy-happy-a-sad-irrfan-khan-a-singing-badshah-and-reams-of-toilet-paper-watch-video/story-Jlta1UJtgJWwasKJeXJbMO.html | access-date=12 June 2025|quote=The song is a promotional video and mocks Irrfan’s situation in the film. Badshah has not only lent his voice for the song, but he has also penned it down and composed the number. Aastha Gill has also sung the song, along with Badshah.}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Veere Di Wedding]]''
|"Tareefan"
|Badshah
|Qaran
|Zee Music Company
|
|-
|''[[Nawabzaade]]''
|"Tere Naal Nachna"
|[[Sunanda Sharma]]
|Badshah
|rowspan="3" | T-Series
|
|-
|[[Stree (2018 film)|''Stree'']]
|"Aao Kabhi Haveli Pe"
|[[Nikhita Gandhi]], [[Sachin–Jigar]]
|Sachin–Jigar
|
|-
|''[[Loveyatri]]''
|"Aakh Lad Jaave"
|[[Asees Kaur]], [[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|Tanishk Bagchi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Namaste England]]''
|"Bhare Bazaar"
|Vishal Dadlani, [[Payal Dev]], [[B Praak]]
|Rishi Rich, Badshah
|rowspan="2" | Sony Music India
|
|-
|"[[Proper Patola]]"
|Diljit Dosanjh, Aastha Gill
|Badshah
|
|-
|''Villain''
|"Bholey Baba"
|Nikhita Gandhi
|[[JAM8]]
|Bengali
|[[SVF Entertainment]]
|
|-
|rowspan=10|2019
|[[Aladdin (2019 film)|''Aladdin'']]
|"Sab Sahi Hai Bro"
|
|Badshah
| rowspan="5" |Hindi
|[[Disney India]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]''
|"Koka"
|[[Jasbir Jassi]], [[Dhvani Bhanushali]]
|rowspan=2|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|rowspan=8|T-Series
|
|-
|"Sheher Ki Ladki"
|[[Tulsi Kumar]]
|
|-
|"Saans To Le Le"
|Rico
|rowspan=5|Badshah
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |''[[Saaho]]''
|rowspan=4|"Bad Boy"
|rowspan=2|Neeti Mohan
|
|-
|Telugu
|
|-
|rowspan=2|Benny Dayal, [[Sunitha Sarathy]]
|Tamil
|
|-
|Malayalam
|
|-
|''[[Dabangg 3]]''
|"Munna Badnaam Hua"
|Kamaal Khan, [[Mamta Sharma]]
|[[Sajid–Wajid]]
| rowspan="21" | Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Good Newwz]]''
|"Chandigarh Mein"
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]], [[Asees Kaur]], [[Lisa Mishra]]
|Tanishk Bagchi
|Zee Music Company
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2020
|''[[Street Dancer 3D]]''
|"Garmi"
|Neha Kakkar
|rowspan=2|Badshah
|rowspan=2|T-Series
|
|-
|''[[Indoo Ki Jawani]]''
|"Heelein Toot Gayi"
|Aastha Gill
|
|-
|2021
|[[Red Notice (film)|''Red Notice'']]
|"Bach Ke Rehna"
|[[Jonita Gandhi]], [[DIVINE (rapper)|DIVINE]], [[Mikey McCleary]]
|[[R. D. Burman|R. D Burman]], [[Divine (rapper)|Divine]], [[Mikey McCleary]], Badshah
|[[Netflix|Netflix India]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Badshah, Divine and Jonita come together for a Hollywood project|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/badshah-divine-and-jonita-come-together-for-a-hollywood-project-336116|access-date=2021-12-01|website=[[The Tribune]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2022
|[[Cirkus (film)|''Cirkus'']]
|"Aashiqui"
|Amrita Singh
|Badshah, Hiten Kumar
|T-Series
|
|-
|''[[Dhaakad]]''
|"She's On Fire"
|[[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|Badshah
|Zee Music Company
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhaakad, Song – She's On Fire, Hindi Video Songs|website=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/dhaakad-song-shes-on-fire/videoshow/91365006.cms|access-date=2023-04-30}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Bloody Daddy]]''
|"Issa Vibe"
|Payal Dev
|Badshah, Aditya Dev
|Times Music
|
|-
| [[Jawan (film)|''Jawan'']]
|"Faratta"
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|rowspan=3|T-Series
|
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Sukhee]]''
|"Nasha"
|rowspan=2|Badshah, Chakshu Kotwal, [[Afsana Khan]]
|rowspan=2|Badshah, Hiten
|
|-
|"Nasha (Badshah Version)"
|
|-
|''[[Farrey]]''
|Ghar Pe Party Hai"
|Badshah, [[Aastha Gill]], Mellow D
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]
|[[Zee Music Company]]
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2024
|rowspan=2|''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]''
|"Naina"
|Badshah, [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
|Raj Ranjodh
|rowspan=3|Tips Music
|
|-
|"Khwabida"
|Badshah
|Bharg-Rohit
|
|-
|''[[Ishq Vishk Rebound]]''
|"Gore Gore Mukhde Pe"
|[[Udit Narayan]], Badshah, [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|Badshah, Hiten
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|''[[Mere Husband Ki Biwi]]''
|"Gori Hai Kalaiyan"
|Badshah, [[Kanika Kapoor]], Sharvi Yadav, IP Singh
|Akshay & IP, Badshah
| Just Music Label
|
|-
| ''[[Baaghi 4]]''
|"Bahli Sohni"
|Mani Moudgill, Badshah, Nikhita Gandhi
|Mani Moudgill, Badshah
|T-Series
|
|-
|''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari|Sunny Sanskaari Ki Tulsi Kumari]]''
|“Balma 2.0”
|Badshah, Shreya Ghoshal, B Praak
|TBA
|Sony Music Co.
|
|}

==Film career==

=== As producer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text align-center;" width="100%"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2019
| ''[[Do Dooni Panj]]''
| Punjabi
| Harry Bhatti
|Composed songs also
|}

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text align-center;" width="100%"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
!Role
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2019
| ''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]''
|Gabru Ghatak
| Hindi
| [[Shilpi Dasgupta]]
|Composed songs also
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text align-center;" width="100%"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Show
!Role
! scope="col" | Broadcaster
|-
|2022–2023
| ''[[India's Got Talent (season 10)|India's Got Talent]]''
| rowspan="3" |Judge
| Sony
|-
|2022–2023
| ''[[MTV Hustle#Season 2|MTV Hustle]]''
| MTV
|-
|2024-present
| ''[[Indian Idol]]''
|Sony Entertainment Television
|-
|2024
|''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]''
|Guest
|Netflix<ref>{{Cite news |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |title=Badshah, DIVINE and Karan Aujla turn The Great Indian Kapil Show into a music concert |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/badshah-divine-and-karan-aujla-turn-the-great-indian-kapil-show-into-a-music-concert/cid/2027968 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240721020753/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/badshah-divine-and-karan-aujla-turn-the-great-indian-kapil-show-into-a-music-concert/cid/2027968 |archive-date=2024-07-21 |access-date=2026-02-07 |work=[[Telegraph India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[India's Got Latent]]''
|Guest judge
|YouTube
|-
|2025
|''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''
|Cameo
|Netflix<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pande |first=Shreyas |date=2025-09-11 |title=‘Tenu Ki Pata’: Manoj Pahwa brawls with Badshah over Diljit Dosanjh’s vocals in new song from The Ba***ds Of Bollywood |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Sep/11/tenu-ki-pata-manoj-pahwa-brawls-with-badshah-over-diljit-dosanjhs-vocals-in-new-song-from-the-bads-of-bollywood |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Award ceremony
!Category
!Nominated work
!Result
!Ref
|-
|[[25th IIFA Awards]]
|Best Playback Singer - Male
|"Naina" from [[Crew (film)|''Crew'']]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|Best Playback Singer- Male
|"Tareefan" from ''[[Veere Di Wedding]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Veere Di Wedding – IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5842616/awards|access-date=2021-03-14}}</ref>
|-
|[[PTC Punjabi Film Awards]]
|Best Punjabi Music of The Year
|Wakhra Swag by [[Navv Inder]] ft. Badshah
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Badshah, Divine And Jonita To Collaborate For A Hollywood Project- Checkout!|url=https://womansera.com/badshah-divine-and-jonita-to-collaborate-for-a-hollywood-project-checkout/?amp_markup=1|access-date=2022-02-06|website=womansera.com|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206194228/https://womansera.com/badshah-divine-and-jonita-to-collaborate-for-a-hollywood-project-checkout/?amp_markup=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[10th Mirchi Music Awards]]
|Best Song Engineer (Recording & Mixing)
|"Mercy" from ''O.N.E''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/|title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=6 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Brit Asia TV Music Awards]] 2017
|Best Bollywood Act
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|<ref name=BAMA2017>{{cite news |title=BritAsia TV World Music Awards 2017 celebrated |url=https://www.newasianpost.com/britasia-tv-world-music-awards-2017/ |access-date=20 August 2020 |work=New Asian Post |date=4 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011133631/https://www.newasianpost.com/britasia-tv-world-music-awards-2017/ |archive-date=11 October 2020}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Instagram|id=badboyshah}}

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Punjab

2026-03-28T11:12:36Z

Svetlbwz: made initial info w/ infobox

{{Short description|Geographical region in South Asia}}
{{About|the geographical region|the province of Pakistan|Punjab, Pakistan|the state in India|Punjab, India|other uses|Punjab (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-move}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Punjab
| native_name = {{lang|pa-Latn|Panjāb}} ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]])
| native_name_lang = pa
| settlement_type = [[Historical region]]
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname = Land of the Five Rivers
| motto =
| image_map = Punjab map (topographic) with cities.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Punjab in South Asia
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|31|74|scale:3000000|display=inline, title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Countries
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in the Punjab region by population|Largest city]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lahore]]
| subdivision_type3 = Second largest city
| subdivision_name3 = [[Faisalabad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| named_for = Five tributaries of the [[Indus River]]
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabis]] ''Minor: [[Baloch people|Balochs]], [[Biharis]], [[Dogras]], [[Haryanvi people|Haryanvis]], [[Himachal Pradesh|Himachalis]], [[Hindkowans]], [[Kashmiris]], [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]], [[Pashtuns]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], [[Sindhi people|Sindhis]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Elections in Bihar, Campaigning in Punjab to Woo Bihari Migrants|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2015/oct/04/elections-in-bihar-campaigning-in-punjab-to-woo-bihari-migrants-824629.html|date=4 October 2015|quote=Punjab, as per official estimates, is home to some two million migrants from Bihar. They are engaged in various jobs and occupations in Punjab. Of this, over 1.3 million are living in and around the industrial hub of Ludhiana.|access-date=17 February 2024|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329091742/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2015/oct/04/Elections-in-Bihar-Campaigning-in-Punjab-to-Woo-Bihari-Migrants-824629.html|url-status=live}}</ref>''
| demographics_type2 =
| demographics2_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title2 = Languages
| demographics1_info2 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Punjabi dialects and languages|its dialects and varieties]] and [[#Languages|others]]
| demographics_type3 =
| demographics3_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title3 = Religions
| demographics1_info3 = [[Punjabi Muslims|Islam]] (64.72%) [[Punjabi Hindus|Hinduism]] (23.38%) [[Sikhism]] (10.1%) [[Punjabi Christians|Christianity]] (1.49%) Others (0.31%)
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =
| area_urban_footnotes = 
| area_rural_footnotes = 
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| area_magnitude = 
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank2_title = 
| area_total_km2 = 458,354.5
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank2_km2 = 
| area_total_ha =
| area_land_ha =
| area_water_ha =
| area_urban_ha =
| area_rural_ha =
| area_metro_ha =
| area_blank1_ha =
| area_blank2_ha =
| length_km =
| width_km =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = [[2011 Indian census|2011]] {{small|India}} & [[2017 Census of Pakistan|2017]] {{small|Pakistan}}
| population_total = {{circa|190|lk=yes}} million{{efn|name=2011&2017Census}} {{flag|Pakistan}} 115 million {{flag|India}} 75 million
| population_density_km2 =
| population_note =
| population_demonym = Punjabi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST in India]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| timezone2 = [[Time in Pakistan|PKT in Pakistan]]
| utc_offset2 = +05:00
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website = 
| footnotes = Demographics based on [[Punjab Province (British India)|British Punjab]]'s colonial borders
}}
{{Punjabis}}
'''Punjab''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ʌ|n|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|b}} {{respell|pun|JAHB}};<ref>{{Cite Dictionary.com|Punjab}}</ref> {{langx|pa-Latn|Panjāb}}, {{IPA|pa|pəɲˈd͡ʒaːb|pron|Punjab.ogg}}){{efn|From [[Persian language|Persian]] {{lang|fa|پنج}} ''{{lang|fa-Latn|panj}}''—meaning literally 'five'—and {{lang|fa|آب}} ''{{lang|fa-Latn|âb}}''—meaning literally 'water' or 'river', thus translating as 'five waters'.<ref name=EoS>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |title=The Punjab |author=H K Manmohan Siṅgh |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=[[Punjabi University]], Patiala|access-date=18 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062705/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/PUNJAB.html |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>}} is a [[geography|geographical]], [[ethnolinguistics|ethnolinguistic]], and [[historical region]] in [[South Asia]], located in its [[Northwestern South Asia|northwestern part]], comprising areas of modern-day [[Pakistan]] and [[Northwest India|northwestern]] [[India]]. It is primarily inhabited by the [[Punjabis|Punjabi people]]. [[Lahore]] is its largest city and historic capital, with other major cities including [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Multan]], [[Sialkot]], [[Sargodha]], and [[Bahawalpur]] in Pakistan; alongside [[Ludhiana]], [[Amritsar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Patiala]], [[Mohali]], [[Bathinda]], [[Firozpur]], and [[Fazilka]] in India.

Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the [[Near East]] as early as the ancient [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley civilization]], dating back to {{BCE|3000|link=y}},<ref name="Nayar1">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA7 |title=The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism |date=2012 |page=7|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-4070-5 |language=en}}</ref> followed by [[Indo-Aryan migration|migrations]] of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples]]. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and formed the foundation of [[Punjabi culture]].<ref name="Nayar1"/> The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the [[Green Revolution]] during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "[[breadbasket]] of both India and Pakistan."<ref name="Nayar1"/>

Following [[Alexander the Great]]'s invasion in the 4th century BCE, [[Chandragupta Maurya]] allied with Punjabi republics to establish the [[Maurya Empire]].<ref name="auto72">{{Cite book |last=Mookerji |first=Radhakumud |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5g2EAAAQBAJ&dq=yaudheyas+chandragupta&pg=PA22 |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |date=1 January 2016 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-0433-3 |page=22 |language=en |quote=Rhys Davids [Buddhist India p. 267] points out that 'it was from the Panjab that Chandragupta recruited the nucleus of the force with which he besieged and conquered Dhana Nanda' |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314141224/https://books.google.com/books?id=t5g2EAAAQBAJ&dq=yaudheyas+chandragupta&pg=PA22 |url-status=live }}</ref> Successive reigns of the [[Indo-Greek Kingdom]], [[Kushan Empire]], and [[Indo-Scythians]] followed, but were ultimately defeated by Eastern Punjab [[Janapada]]s such as the [[Yaudheya]], [[Trigarta Kingdom]], [[Audumbaras]], [[Arjunayanas]], and [[Kuninda Kingdom]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=Tarn |first=William Woodthorpe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC&pg=PA324 |title=The Greeks in Bactria and India |date=24 June 2010 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-00941-6 |page=324 |language=en |quote=Audumbaras, Trigartas, Kunindas, Yaudheyas, Arjunayanas — began to coin in the first century BC, which means that they had become independent kingdoms or republics; but the coins do not all tell the same story. Those of the two sounthernmost peoples begin somewhere about 100 BC and bear the legends 'Victory of the Arjunayanas' and (on their copper issue) 'Victory of the Yaudheyas', which point to their having won independence by the sword.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Ramesh Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OswUZtL1_CUC&q=madra+republic |title=Vakataka gupta age: circa 200–550 |last2=Altekar |first2=Anant Sadashiv |date=1986 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-0026-7 |page=31 |language=en |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004104524/https://books.google.com/books?id=OswUZtL1_CUC&q=madra+republic |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 5th and 6th centuries CE, Punjab faced devastating Hunnic invasions, yet the [[Vardhana dynasty]] emerged triumphant, ruling over [[Northern India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FN2vEAAAQBAJ&dq=alexander+cunningham+vardhana+empire&pg=PA280 |title=Archaeological Survey of India: Vol. 1 |date=23 February 2023 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-382-11929-4 |page=280 |language=en |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004104524/https://books.google.com/books?id=FN2vEAAAQBAJ&dq=alexander+cunningham+vardhana+empire&pg=PA280 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 8th century CE witnessed the [[Hindu Shahis]] rise, known for defeating the [[Persianate]] [[Saffarid dynasty]] and the [[Samanid Empire]]. Concurrently, the [[Tomara dynasty]] and [[Katoch Dynasty]] controlled eastern Punjab, resisting [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid]] invasions.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hutchison |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC&q=diwan+i+salman+jalandhar |title=History of the Panjab Hill States |last2=Vogel |first2=Jean Philippe |date=1994 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0942-6 |page=123 |language=en |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325135205/https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC&q=diwan+i+salman+jalandhar |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Islam]] took hold in Western Punjab under Ghaznavid rule. The Delhi Sultanate then succeeded the Ghaznavids in which the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] and [[Sayyid dynasty]] [[Sultan]]s are described as Punjabi origin.<ref name="Easton2019">{{cite book |author-link=Richard M. Eaton |last=Easton |first=Richard M. |title=India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765 |year=2019 |isbn=978-0520325128 |page=117 |publisher=University of California Press |language=en |quote=The career of Khizr Khan, a Punjabi chieftain belonging to the Khokar clan...}}</ref><ref name="auto11">{{cite book |author=Fauja Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLW1AAAAIAAJ |title=History of the Punjab: A.D. 1000-1526. |date=1972 |page=152 |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University |quote="The Tughlaqs had close links with the Punjab. According to Firishta and Sujan Rai Bhandari, Tughlaq, the founder of the dynasty, was born in the Punjab to a Jat mother" |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501193142/https://books.google.com/books?id=fLW1AAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> The 15th century saw the emergence of the [[Langah Sultanate]] in south Punjab, acclaimed for its victory over the [[Lodi dynasty]].<ref name=":4" /> After the [[Mughal Empire]]'s decline in the 18th century, Punjab experienced a period of anarchy. 12 [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Misls]] along with Muslim Chattha, [[Sial dynasty|Sial]], [[Tarar (clan)|Tarar]], Chisti and [[Gakhars|Gakhar]] States fought for political ascendancy. In 1799 CE, the [[Sikh Empire]] established its rule, undertaking conquests into the [[Kashmir]]- and [[Durrani Empire]]-held territories.

The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts and thus the geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. In the 16th century [[Mughal Empire]] the Punjab region was divided into three, with the [[Lahore Subah]] in the west, the Delhi [[Subah]] in the east and the [[Multan Subah]] in the south. Under the [[British Raj]] until the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] encompassed the present Indian [[States and union territories of India|states and union territories]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Chandigarh]], and [[Delhi]], and the [[Administrative units of Pakistan|Pakistani regions]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], and [[Islamabad Capital Territory]].

The predominant [[ethnolinguistic group]] of the Punjab region are the [[Punjabi people]], who speak the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] [[Punjabi language]]. [[Punjabi Muslims]] are the majority in [[Punjab, Pakistan|West Punjab]] (Pakistan), while [[Punjabi Sikhs]] are the majority in [[Punjab India|East Punjab]] (India). Other religious groups include [[Punjabi Hindus|Hinduism]], [[Punjabi Christians|Christianity]], [[Jainism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Buddhism]], and [[Ravidassia]].

==Etymology==
The name Punjab is of [[Persian language|Persian]] origin, with its two parts ({{Langx|fa|پنج|translit=panj|label=none|lit=five}} and {{Langx|fa|آب|translit=āb|label=none|lit=water}}) being cognates of the [[Sanskrit]] words {{Langx|sa|पञ्‍च|translit=pañca|label=none|lit=five}} and {{Langx|sa|अप्|translit=áp|label=none|lit=water}}, of the same meaning.<ref name="EoS" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|publisher=Aleph Book Company|year=2013|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois]]|page=1 ("Introduction")}}</ref> The word ''pañjāb'' is thus calque of Indo-Aryan "pañca-áp" and means "The Land of Five Waters", referring to the rivers [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]], [[Chenab River|Chenab]], [[Ravi River|Ravi]], [[Sutlej]], and [[Beas River|Beas]].<ref>"Punjab." Pp. 107 in [[Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (9th ed.)]], vol. 20.</ref> All are [[Tributary|tributaries]] of the [[Indus River]], the Sutlej being the largest. References to a land of five rivers may be found in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', in which one of the regions is named as ''Panchanada'' ({{Langx|sa|पञ्चनद|translit=pañca-nada|lit=five rivers}}).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdKcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA199|title=The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|year=2010|isbn=978-1-61530-202-4|editor=Kenneth Pletcher|page=199|quote=The word's origin can perhaps be traced to panca nada, Sanskrit for "five rivers" and the name of a region mentioned in the ancient epic the Mahabharata.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Rajesh Bala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzduAAAAMAAJ|title=Punjab History Conference, Thirty-seventh Session, March 18–20, 2005: Proceedings|publisher=Punjabi University|year=2005|isbn=978-81-7380-990-3|editor=Sukhdial Singh|page=80|chapter=Foreign Invasions and their Effect on Punjab|quote="The word Punjab is a compound of two words-Panj (Five) and aab (Water), thus signifying the land of five waters or rivers. This origin can perhaps be traced to panch nada, Sanskrit for "Five rivers" the word used before the advent of Muslims with a knowledge of Persian to describe the meeting point of the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers, before they joined the Indus."}}</ref> Earlier, the Punjab was known as [[Sapta Sindhu]] in the [[Rigveda]] or ''Hapta Hendu'' in [[Avestan geography|Avesta]], translating into "The Land of Seven Rivers", with the other two being Indus and [[Kabul river|Kabul]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Grenet|first=Frantz |editor-last1=Curtis|editor-first1=Vesta Sarkhosh|editor-last2=Stewart|editor-first2=Sarah |title=Birth of the Persian Empire Volume I|chapter=An Archaeologist's Approach to Avestan Geography |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2005|isbn=978-0-7556-2459-1|page=34}}</ref> The ancient [[Greek people|Greeks]] referred to the region as ''Pentapotamía'' ({{langx|el|Πενταποταμία}}), which has the same meaning as that of Punjab.<ref>[[Christian Lassen|Lassen, Christian]]. 1827. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XbBCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3 Commentatio Geographica atque Historica de Pentapotamia Indica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118182901/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XbBCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3&redir_esc=y |date=18 November 2022 }}'' [''A Geographical and Historical Commentary on Indian Pentapotamia'']. Weber. p. 4:

"That part of India which today we call by the Persian name <nowiki>''Penjab''</nowiki> is named ''Panchanada'' in the sacred language of the Indians; either of which names may be rendered in Greek by Πενταποταμια. The Persian origin of the former name is not at all in doubt, although the words of which it is composed are both Indian and Persian.... But, in truth, that final word is never, to my knowledge, used by the Indians in proper names compounded in this way; on the other hand, there exist multiple Persian names which end with that word, e.g., ''Doab'' and ''Nilab''. Therefore, it is probable that the name Penjab, which is today found in all geographical books, is of more recent origin and is to be attributed to the Muslim kings of India, among whom the Persian language was mostly in use. That the Indian name Panchanada is ancient and genuine is evident from the fact that it is already seen in the ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata'', the most ancient Indian poems, and that no other exists in addition to it among the Indians; for ''Panchála'', which English translations of the ''Ramayana'' render with Penjab...is the name of another region, entirely distinct from Pentapotamia...."{{whose translation|reason=has several mistakes – looks like Google translation|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1-last=Latif|author-link=Syad Muhammad Latif |author1-first=Syad Muhammad|title=History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time|year=1891|publisher=Calcultta Central Press Company|page=1|quote=The Panjáb, the Pentapotamia of the Greek historians, the north-western region of the empire of Hindostán, derives its name from two Persian words, ''panj'' (five), an ''áb'' (water), having reference to the five rivers which confer on the country its distinguishing features." |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RzBAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR1}}</ref><ref name="Khalid">{{cite journal|author1-last=Khalid|author1-first=Kanwal|title=Lahore of Pre Historic Era|journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan|volume=52|issue=2|page=73|year=2015|quote=The earliest mention of five rivers in the collective sense was found in Yajurveda and a word Panchananda was used, which is a Sanskrit word to describe a land where five rivers meet. [...] In the later period, the word ''Pentapotamia'' was used by the Greeks to identify this land. (''Penta'' means 5 and potamia, water ___ the land of five rivers) Muslim Historians implied the word "Punjab" for this region. Again, it was not a new word because in Persian-speaking areas, there are references of this name given to any particular place where five rivers or lakes meet.|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/7.%20Kanwal%20Khalid_v52_2_15.pdf|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811210654/http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/7.%20Kanwal%20Khalid_v52_2_15.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Taxila Pakistan juillet 2004.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Taxila]] in Pakistan is a [[World Heritage Site]].]]
{{Main|History of Punjab}}

=== Ancient period ===
The Punjab region is noted as the site of one of the earliest urban societies, the [[Indus Valley civilisation|Indus Valley Civilization]] which flourished from about {{BCE|3000|link=y}} and declined rapidly 1,000 years later, following the [[Indo-Aryan migrations]] that overran the region in waves between {{BCE|1500}} and {{BCE|500}}.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA257 |title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia |date=2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-659-1 |pages=257–259 |language=en |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082336/https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA257 |url-status=live }}</ref> Frequent intertribal wars stimulated the growth of larger groupings ruled by chieftains and kings, who ruled local kingdoms known as [[Mahajanapadas]].<ref name=":9" /> The rise of kingdoms and dynasties in the Punjab is chronicled in the ancient Hindu epics, particularly the [[Mahabharata]].<ref name=":9" /> The epic battles described in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' are chronicled as being fought in what is now the state of Haryana and historic Punjab. The [[Gandhara]]s, [[Kambojas]], [[Trigartas]], [[Andhra in Indian epic literature|Andhra]], [[Pauravas]], [[Bahlikas]] ([[Bactrian people|Bactrian]] settlers of the Punjab), [[Yaudheya]]s, and others sided with the [[Kauravas]] in the great battle fought at [[Kurukshetra]].<ref>Buddha Parkash, ''Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab'', p 36.</ref> According to Fauja Singh and L.{{nbsp}}M. Joshi: "There is no doubt that the Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Andhra, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas, and Kurus had jointly contributed to the heroic tradition and composite culture of ancient Punjab."<ref>Joshi, L. M., and Fauja Singh. ''History of Panjab'', Vol I. p. 4.</ref>

==== Invasions of Alexander the Great (c. 4th century BCE) ====
[[File:Surrender of Porus to the Emperor Alexander.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.9|One of the first known kings of ancient Punjab, [[King Porus]], fought against Alexander the Great. His surrender is depicted in this 1865 engraving by [[Alonzo Chappel]].]]

The earliest known notable local king of this region was known as [[King Porus]], who fought the famous [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] against [[Alexander the Great]]. His kingdom spanned between rivers ''Hydaspes'' ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]) and ''Acesines'' ([[Chenab River|Chenab]]); [[Strabo]] had held the territory to contain almost 300 cities.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Albert Brian |title=Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |pages=125–130 |chapter=The campaign of the Hydaspes}}</ref> He (alongside [[Abisares]]) had a hostile relationship with the Kingdom of [[Taxila]] which was ruled by his extended family.<ref name=":6" /> When the armies of Alexander crossed the Indus in its eastward migration, probably in [[Udabhandapura]], he was greeted by the ruler of Taxila, [[Taxiles|Omphis]].<ref name=":6" /> Omphis had hoped to force both Porus and Abisares into submission leveraging the might of Alexander's forces and diplomatic missions were mounted, but while Abisares accepted the submission, Porus refused.<ref name=":6" /> This led Alexander to seek for a face-off with Porus.<ref name=":6" /> Thus began the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BCE; the exact site remains unknown.<ref name=":6" /> The battle is thought to be resulted in a decisive [[Greeks|Greek]] victory; however, A. B. Bosworth warns against an uncritical reading of Greek sources that were exaggerated.<ref name=":6" />

Alexander later founded two cities—''[[Nicaea, Punjab|Nicaea]]'' at the site of victory and [[Alexandria Bucephalous|''Bucephalous'']] at the battle-ground, in memory of [[Bucephalus|his horse]], who died soon after the battle.<ref name=":6" />{{Efn|Craterus supervised the construction. These cities are yet to be identified.}} Later, [[tetradrachm]]s would be minted depicting Alexander on horseback, armed with a ''sarissa'' and attacking a pair of Indians on an elephant.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Holt |first=Frank Lee |title=Alexander the Great and the mystery of the elephant medallions |publisher=University of California Press |year=2003}}</ref> Porus refused to surrender and wandered about atop an elephant, until he was wounded and his force routed.<ref name=":6" /> When asked by Alexander how he wished to be treated, Porus replied "Treat me as a king would treat another king".<ref>Rogers, p.200</ref> Despite the apparently one-sided results, Alexander was impressed by Porus and chose to not depose him.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Albert Brian |title=Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |chapter=From the Hydaspes to the Southern Ocean}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anson |first=Edward M. |title=Alexander the Great: Themes and Issues |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2013 |isbn=9781441193797 |page=151}}</ref>{{sfn|Roy|2004|pp=23–28}} Not only was his territory reinstated but also expanded with Alexander's forces annexing the territories of Glausaes, who ruled to the northeast of Porus' kingdom.<ref name=":7" />

After Alexander's death in {{BCE|323}}, [[Perdiccas]] became the regent of his empire, and after Perdiccas's murder in {{BCE|321}}, [[Antipater]] became the new regent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Heckel |first=Waldemar |title=Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire |publisher=Wiley |year=2006 |isbn=9781405112109}}</ref> According to [[Diodorus Siculus|Diodorus]], Antipater recognized Porus's authority over the territories along the [[Indus River]]. However, [[Eudemus (general)|Eudemus]], who had served as Alexander's [[satrap]] in the Punjab region, treacherously killed Porus.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Irfan Habib |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nUvGQgAACAAJ |title=Mauryan India |author2=Vivekanand Jha |publisher=Aligarh Historians Society / [[Tulika Books]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-85229-92-8 |series=A People's History of India |page=16 |author1-link=Irfan Habib}}</ref>

==== Mauryan Empire (c. 320–180 BCE) ====
[[Chandragupta Maurya]], with the aid of [[Kautilya]], had established his empire around {{BCE|320}}. The early life of Chandragupta Maurya is not clear. Kautilya enrolled the young Chandragupta in the [[University of Ancient Taxila|university at Taxila]] to educate him in the arts, sciences, logic, mathematics, warfare, and administration. [[Megasthenes]]' account, as it has survived in Greek texts that quote him, states that Alexander the Great and Chandragupta met, which if true would mean his rule started earlier than {{BCE|321}}. As Alexander never crossed the [[Beas river|Beas River]], so his territory probably lay in the [[Punjab region]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} With the help of the small Janapadas of Punjab, he had gone on to conquer much of the North West Indian subcontinent.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite book |last=Mookerji |first=Radhakumud |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5g2EAAAQBAJ&dq=yaudheyas+chandragupta&pg=PA22 |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |date=2016-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0433-3 |page=22 |language=en |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314141224/https://books.google.com/books?id=t5g2EAAAQBAJ&dq=yaudheyas+chandragupta&pg=PA22 |url-status=live }}</ref> He then defeated the Nanda rulers in [[Pataliputra]] to capture the throne. Chandragupta Maurya fought Alexander's successor in the east, [[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus]] when the latter invaded. In a peace treaty, Seleucus ceded all territories west of the Indus and offered a marriage, including a portion of [[Bactria]], while Chandragupta granted Seleucus 500 elephants.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} The chief of the Mauryan military was also always a [[Yaudheya]]n warrior according to the Bijaygadh Pillar inscription, which states that the Yaudheyas elected their own chief who also served as the general for the Mauryans.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Gyan Swarup |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbjT9GG__nEC&dq=chief+of+the+mauryan+military+yaudheyas&pg=PA194 |title=India: From Indus Valley Civilisation to Mauryas |date=1999 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-763-2 |language=en |page=194 |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165611/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbjT9GG__nEC&dq=chief+of+the+mauryan+military+yaudheyas&pg=PA194 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto10">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJQ6AAAAIAAJ&q=bijaygadh+pillar+inscription+yaudheyas |title=Corporate Life in Ancient India |date=1969 |publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay |page=222 |language=en |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314141256/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJQ6AAAAIAAJ&q=bijaygadh+pillar+inscription+yaudheyas |url-status=live }}</ref> The Mauryan military was also made up vastly of men from the Punjab Janapadas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mookerji |first=Radhakumud |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5g2EAAAQBAJ&dq=mauryan+military+mostly+Punjabi&pg=PA27 |title=Chandragupta Maurya and His Times |date=2016-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0433-3 |language=en |page=27 |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165613/https://books.google.com/books?id=t5g2EAAAQBAJ&dq=mauryan+military+mostly+Punjabi&pg=PA27 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chandragupta's rule was very well organised. The Mauryans had an autocratic and centralised administration system, aided by a council of ministers, and also a well-established espionage system. Much of Chandragupta's success is attributed to [[Chanakya]], the author of the ''[[Arthashastra]].'' Much of the Mauryan rule had a strong bureaucracy that had regulated tax collection, trade and commerce, industrial activities, mining, statistics and data, maintenance of public places, and upkeep of temples.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

=== Medieval period ===

==== Hindu Shahis (c. 820–1022 CE) ====
In the 9th century, the [[Hindu Shahis|Hindu Shahi]] dynasty originating from the region of [[Oddiyana]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Abdul |date=2002 |title=New Light on the Khingal, Turk and the Hindu Sahis |url=http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/AP_v15_37to42.pdf |journal=Ancient Pakistan |volume=XV |pages=37–42 |quote=The Hindu Śāhis were therefore neither Bhattis, or Janjuas, nor Brahmans. They were simply Uḍis/Oḍis. It can now be seen that the term Hindu Śāhi is a misnomer and, based as it is merely upon religious discrimination, should be discarded and forgotten. The correct name is Uḍi or Oḍi Śāhi dynasty. |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426060455/http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/AP_v15_37to42.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meister |first=Michael W. |date=2005 |title=The Problem of Platform Extensions at Kafirkot North |url=http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/AP_v16_41to48.pdf |journal=Ancient Pakistan |volume=XVI |pages=41–48 |quote=Rehman (2002: 41) makes a good case for calling the Hindu Śāhis by a more accurate name, "Uḍi Śāhis". |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201184532/http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/AP_v16_41to48.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Rehman|1976}} replaced the Taank kingdom, ruling Western Punjab along with eastern Afghanistan.<ref name=":9" /> The tribe of the [[Gakhars]]/[[Khokhars]], formed a large part of the Hindu Shahi army according to the Persian historian [[Firishta]].{{sfn|Rehman|1976|pp=48–50}} The most notable rulers of the empire were Lalliya, Bhimadeva and Jayapala who were accredited for military victories.

Lalliya had reclaimed the territory at and around Kabul between 879 and 901 CE after it had been lost under his predecessor to the [[Saffarid dynasty]].{{sfn|Rehman|1976}}{{page needed|date=January 2023}} He was described as a fearsome Shahi. Two of his ministers reconstructed by Rahman as Toramana and Asata are said to of have taken advantage of [[Amr ibn al-Layth|Amr al-Layth]]'s preoccupation with rebellions in Khorasan, by successfully raiding [[Ghazna]] around 900 CE.{{sfn|Rehman|1976}}{{page needed|date=January 2023}}

After a defeat in Eastern Afghanistan suffered on the Shahi ally Lawik, Bhimadeva mounted a combined attack around 963 CE.{{sfn|Rehman|1976}}{{page needed|date=January 2023}} [[Abu Ishaq Ibrahim of Ghazna|Abu Ishaq Ibrahim]] was expelled from Ghazna and Shahi-Lawik strongholds were restored in Kabul and adjacent areas.{{sfn|Rehman|1976}}{{page needed|date=January 2023}} This victory appears to have been commemorated in the Hund Slab Inscription (HSI).{{sfn|Rehman|1976}}{{page needed|date=January 2023}}

==== Turkic rule (c. 1030–1320 CE) ====
[[File:Khizr Khan (4).jpg|thumb|Silver copper coin of [[Khizr Khan]], founder of the [[Sayyid dynasty]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Richard M. Eaton |title=India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765 |year=2019 |isbn=978-0520325128 |page=117 |publisher=University of California Press |language=en |quote=The career of Khizr Khan, a Punjabi chieftain belonging to the Khokar clan...}}</ref>]]

The [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[Ghaznavids]] in the tenth century overthrew the Hindu Shahis and consequently ruled for 157 years in Western Punjab, gradually declining as a power until the [[Ghurid]] [[Siege of Lahore (1186)|conquest of Lahore]] by [[Muhammad of Ghor]] in 1186, deposing the last Ghaznavid ruler [[Khusrau Malik]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC&pg=PA76 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |date=1979 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-0617-0 |page=76 |language=en |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082342/https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC&pg=PA76#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the death of [[Muhammad of Ghor]] in 1206 by Punjabi assassins near the Jhelum river, the Ghurid state fragmented and was replaced in northern India by the [[Delhi Sultanate]].

==== Tughlaq dynasty (c. 1320–1410 CE) ====
The Tughlaq dynasty's reign formally started in 1320 in [[Delhi]] when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]] after defeating [[Khusrau Khan]] at the [[Battle of Lahrawat]].

During Ghazi Malik's reign, in 1321 he sent his eldest son Jauna Khan, later known as [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], to [[Deogir]] to plunder the Hindu kingdoms of Arangal and Tilang (now part of [[Telangana]]). His first attempt was a failure.<ref name="lowe296">William Lowe (Translator), {{Google books|RFNOAAAAYAAJ|Muntakhabu-t-tawārīkh|page=296}}, Volume 1, pages 296-301</ref> Four months later, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq sent large army reinforcements for his son asking him to attempt plundering Arangal and Tilang again.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/historyindiaast06elligoog#page/n240/mode/2up Tarikh-I Firoz Shahi] Ziauddin Barni, The History of India by its own Historians - The Muhammadan Period, Volume 3, Trubner London, pages 233-234</ref> This time Jauna Khan succeeded and Arangal fell, it was renamed to Sultanpur, and all plundered wealth, state treasury and captives were transferred from the captured kingdom to the Delhi Sultanate.The Muslim aristocracy in Lukhnauti (Bengal) invited Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq to extend his coup and expand eastwards into Bengal by attacking [[Shamsuddin Firoz Shah]], which he did over 1324–1325 CE,<ref name="lowe296" /> after placing Delhi under control of his son Ulugh Khan, and then leading his army to Lukhnauti. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq succeeded in this campaign.

After his father's death in 1325 CE, Muhammad bin Tughlaq assumed power and his rule saw the empire expand to most of the Indian subcontinent, its peak in terms of geographical reach.<ref name="ebmit">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396460/Muhammad-ibn-Tughluq Muḥammad ibn Tughluq] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427052630/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396460/Muhammad-ibn-Tughluq |date=27 April 2015 }} Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> He attacked and plundered [[Malwa]], [[Gujarat]], [[Lakhnauti]], [[Chittagong]], [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] and many other regions in India.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/historyindiaast06elligoog#page/n242/mode/2up Tarikh-I Firoz Shahi] Ziauddin Barni, The History of India by its own Historians - The Muhammadan Period, Volume 3, Trubner London, pp. 236–237</ref> His distant campaigns were expensive, although each raid and attack on non-Muslim kingdoms brought new looted wealth and ransom payments from captured people. The extended empire was difficult to retain, and rebellions became commonplace all over the Indian subcontinent.<ref name="zbarni">[https://archive.org/stream/historyindiaast06elligoog#page/n242/mode/2up Tarikh-I Firoz Shahi] Ziauddin Barni, The History of India by its own Historians - The Muhammadan Period, Volume 3, Trubner London, pp. 235–240</ref> Muhammad bin Tughlaq died in March 1351{{sfn|Jackson|2003|p=162}} while trying to chase and punish people for rebellion and their refusal to pay taxes in [[Sindh]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref name="vsoxford3">Vincent A Smith, {{Google books|p2gxAQAAMAAJ|The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911|page=217}}, Chapter 2, pp. 242–248, Oxford University Press</ref>

After Muhammad bin Tughlaq's death, the Tughlaq empire was in a state of disarray with many regions assuming independence; it was at this point that [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]], Ghazi Malik's nephew, took reign. His father's name was Rajab (the younger brother of Ghazi Malik) who had the title ''[[Sipahsalar]]''. His mother Naila was a Punjabi Bhatti princess (daughter of Rana Mal) from [[Dipalpur]] and [[Abohar]] according to the historian [[William Crooke]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crooke |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCc-AAAAYAAJ&dq=firoz+shah+tughlaq+mother&pg=PA144 |title=An Ethnographical Hand-book for the N.-W. Provinces and Oudh |date=1890 |publisher=North-Western provinces and Oudh government Press |page=144 |language=en |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165612/https://books.google.com/books?id=tCc-AAAAYAAJ&dq=firoz+shah+tughlaq+mother&pg=PA144 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhFDAAAAYAAJ&q=bibi+naila+punjabi |title=Proceedings - Punjab History Conference |date=1966 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjab University |page=82 |language=en |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165612/https://books.google.com/books?id=WhFDAAAAYAAJ&q=bibi+naila+punjabi |url-status=live }}</ref> The southern states had drifted away from the Sultanate and there were rebellions in Gujarat and Sindh, while "Bengal asserted its independence." He led expeditions against Bengal in 1353 and 1358. He captured [[Cuttack]], desecrated the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]], and forced Raja Gajpati of Jajnagar in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] to pay tribute.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&dq=firoz+shah+orissa&pg=PA184 |title=A History of India |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |date=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-32919-4 |page=184 |language=en |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165612/https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&dq=firoz+shah+orissa&pg=PA184 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Haque |first=Mohammed Anwarul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Co8eAAAAMAAJ&q=firoz+shah+cuttack |title=Muslim Administration in Orissa, 1568-1751 A.D. |date=1980 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |page=20 |language=en |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165610/https://books.google.com/books?id=Co8eAAAAMAAJ&q=firoz+shah+cuttack |url-status=live }}</ref> He also laid siege to the [[Kangra Fort]] and forced Nagarkot to pay tribute.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jauhri |first=R. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToRHAAAAMAAJ&q=firoz+shah+tughluq+kangra |title=Firoz Tughluq, 1351-1388 A.D. |date=1990 |publisher=ABS Publications |isbn=978-81-7072-029-4 |page=74 |language=en |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165613/https://books.google.com/books?id=ToRHAAAAMAAJ&q=firoz+shah+tughluq+kangra |url-status=live }}</ref> During this time, Tatar Khan of [[Greater Khorasan]] attacked Punjab, but he was defeated and his face slashed by the sword given by [[Feroz Shah Tughlaq]] to Raja [[Kailas Pal]] who ruled the Nagarkot region in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hutchison |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC&dq=kailas+pal&pg=PA221 |title=History of the Panjab Hill States |last2=Vogel |first2=Jean Philippe |date=1994 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0942-6 |page=221 |language=en |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708165611/https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC&dq=kailas+pal&pg=PA221 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Sayyid dynasty (c. 1410–1450 CE) ====
{{See also|Sayyid dynasty}}
[[Khizr Khan]] established the [[Sayyid dynasty]], the fourth dynasty of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] after the fall of the [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaqs]].<ref name=":02">{{cite book |author=Richard M. Eaton |title=India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765 |year=2019 |isbn=978-0520325128 |page=117|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref>

Following [[Timur]]'s 1398 sack of [[Delhi]],{{sfn|Jackson|2003|p=103}} he appointed [[Khizr Khan]] as deputy of [[Multan]] ([[Punjab region|Punjab]]).{{sfn|Kumar|2020|p=583}} He held Lahore, Dipalpur, Multan and Upper Sindh.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kenneth Pletcher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsujRFvaHI8C&dq=khizr+khan+sind&pg=PA132 |title=The History of India |date=2010 |page=132 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=9781615301225 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404112659/https://books.google.com/books?id=VsujRFvaHI8C&dq=khizr+khan+sind&pg=PA132 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=V. D. Mahajan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMWSQuf4oSIC&dq=khizr+khan+sind&pg=RA1-PA229 |title=History of Medieval India |date=2007 |page=229 |publisher=S. Chand |isbn=9788121903646 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404112707/https://books.google.com/books?id=nMWSQuf4oSIC&dq=khizr+khan+sind&pg=RA1-PA229 |url-status=live }}</ref> Khizr Khan captured Delhi on 28 May 1414 thereby establishing the Sayyid dynasty.{{sfn|Kumar|2020|p=583}} Khizr Khan did not take up the title of [[sultan]], but continued the fiction of his allegiance to Timur as ''Rayat-i-Ala''(vassal) of the [[Timurids]] - initially that of Timur, and later his son [[Shahrukh Mirza|Shah Rukh]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OghDAAAAYAAJ&q=It+is+generally+acknowledged+that+Khizr+Khan+continued+to+recognise+Timur+and+his+successors+,+Shah+Rukh+,+as+his+nominal+overlords+.+But+later+on+under+his+succesor+,+Mubarak+Khan+,+this+%27+fiction+%27+of+allegiance+to+the+Timurid+rulers |title=Proceedings:Volume 55 |year=1995 |publisher=Indian History Congress |page=216 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404004957/https://books.google.com/books?id=OghDAAAAYAAJ&q=It+is+generally+acknowledged+that+Khizr+Khan+continued+to+recognise+Timur+and+his+successors+%2C+Shah+Rukh+%2C+as+his+nominal+overlords+.+But+later+on+under+his+succesor+%2C+Mubarak+Khan+%2C+this+%27+fiction+%27+of+allegiance+to+the+Timurid+rulers |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Mahajan|2007|page=237}} After the accession of Khizr Khan, the Punjab, [[Uttar Pradesh]] and Sindh were reunited under the Delhi Sultanate, where he spent his time subduing rebellions.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3QbAAAAIAAJ&q=khizr+khan+sindh |title=Rajasthan [district Gazetteers] Bharatpur |date=1971 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press |page=52 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404112704/https://books.google.com/books?id=F3QbAAAAIAAJ&q=khizr+khan+sindh |url-status=live }}</ref> Punjab was the powerbase of Khizr Khan and his successors as the bulk of the Delhi army during their reigns came from [[Multan]] and [[Dipalpur]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=Kishori Saran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-E_SwAACAAJ&q=twilight+of+the+sultanate |title=Twilight of the Sultanate: A Political, Social and Cultural History of the Sultanate of Delhi from the Invasion of Timur to the Conquest of Babur 1398-1526 |date=1980 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0227-6 |language=en |quote=This considerably depleted Iqbal's strength and encouraged Khizr Khan to collect his forces of Multan, Deopalpur and the Punjab |access-date=9 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309205559/https://books.google.com/books?id=C-E_SwAACAAJ&q=twilight+of+the+sultanate |url-status=live }}</ref>

Khizr Khan was succeeded by his son [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] after his death on 20 May 1421. Mubarak Shah referred to himself as ''Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah'' on his coins, removing the Timurid name with the name of the Caliph, and declared himself a Shah.<ref>{{cite book |author=V. D. Mahajan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMWSQuf4oSIC&dq=sultan+mubarak+shah+timur++caliph&pg=RA1-PA240 |title=History of Medieval India |date=2007 |page=240 |publisher=S. Chand | isbn=978-81-219-0364-6 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404112700/https://books.google.com/books?id=nMWSQuf4oSIC&dq=sultan+mubarak+shah+timur++caliph&pg=RA1-PA240 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Iqtidar Alam Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzZFUcDpDzsC&dq=sultan+mubarak+shah&pg=PA103 |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval India |date=2008 |page=103 | publisher=Scarecrow Press | isbn=978-0-8108-5503-8 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404005001/https://books.google.com/books?id=pzZFUcDpDzsC&dq=sultan+mubarak+shah&pg=PA103 |url-status=live }}</ref> He defeated the advancing [[Hoshang Shah|Hoshang Shah Ghori]], ruler of [[Malwa Sultanate]] and forced him to pay heavy tribute early in his reign.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=Kishori Saran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-E_SwAACAAJ&q=twilight+of+the+sultanate |title=Twilight of the Sultanate: A Political, Social and Cultural History of the Sultanate of Delhi from the Invasion of Timur to the Conquest of Babur 1398-1526 |date=1980 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0227-6 |language=en |quote=Hoshang tried his luck against Sultan of Delhi but he was beaten back by Mubarak Shah Saiyyad to whom he had to pay a handsome tribute |access-date=9 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309205559/https://books.google.com/books?id=C-E_SwAACAAJ&q=twilight+of+the+sultanate |url-status=live }}</ref> Mubarak Shah also put down the rebellion of [[Jasrat Khokhar|Jasrath Khokhar]] and managed to fend off multiple invasions by the Timurids of Kabul.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=Kishori Saran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-E_SwAACAAJ&q=twilight+of+the+sultanate |title=Twilight of the Sultanate: A Political, Social and Cultural History of the Sultanate of Delhi from the Invasion of Timur to the Conquest of Babur 1398-1526 |date=1980 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0227-6 |page=109 |language=en |access-date=9 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309205559/https://books.google.com/books?id=C-E_SwAACAAJ&q=twilight+of+the+sultanate |url-status=live }}</ref>

The last ruler of the Sayyids, [[Alam Shah|Ala-ud-Din]], voluntarily abdicated the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in favour of [[Bahlul Khan Lodi]] on 19 April 1451, and left for Badaun, where he died in 1478.{{sfn|Mahajan|2007|page=244}}

==== Langah Sultanate (c. 1450–1530 CE) ====
In 1445, Sultan Qutbudin, chief of ''Langah'' (a [[Jat]] [[Zamindar]] tribe),<ref name="Ahmed 1984 pp. 428–434">{{cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Iftikhar |year=1984 |title=Territorial Distribution of Jatt Castes in Punjab c. 1595 – c. 1881 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44140224 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |publisher=Indian History Congress |volume=45 |pages=429, 432 |issn=2249-1937 |jstor=44140224 |access-date=28 July 2022 |archive-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728212635/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140224 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mubārak Blochmann 1891 p.321">{{cite book |last1=Mubārak |first1=A.F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8IXAAAAYAAJ |title=The Ain I Akbari |last2=Blochmann |first2=H. |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |year=1891 |series=Bibliotheca Indica |page=321 |access-date=28 July 2022 |issue=v. 2}}</ref><ref name="Lambrick p.212">{{cite book |last=Lambrick |first=H. T. |title=Sind : a general introduction |date=1975 |publisher=Sindhi Adabi Board |isbn=0-19-577220-2 |publication-place=Hyderabad |page=212 |oclc=2404471}}</ref><ref name="Roseberry 1987 p.177">{{cite book |last=Roseberry |first=J.R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAMNAAAAIAAJ |title=Imperial Rule in Punjab: The Conquest and Administration of Multan, 1818–1881 |publisher=Manohar |year=1987 |isbn=978-81-85054-28-5 |page=177 |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref> established the [[Langah Sultanate]] in [[Multan]] after the fall of the [[Sayyid dynasty]]. Husseyn Langah I (reigned 1456–1502) was the second ruler of Langah Sultanate. He undertook military campaigns in Punjab and captured [[Chiniot]] and [[Shorkot]] from the Lodis. Shah Husayn successfully repulsed attempted invasion by the Lodis led by [[Tatar Khan]] and [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah|Barbak Shah]], as well as his daughter Zeerak Rumman.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Age of Achievement, 750 AD to the End of the 15th Century |editor1=M. S. Asimov |editor2=C. E. Bosworth |editor2-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |contribution=Chapter 15. The Regions Of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan And Kashmir: The Historical, Social And Economic Setting |contribution-url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/default/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind%2C%20baluchistan%2C%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf |page=305 |author1=N. A. Baloch |author2=A. Q. Rafiqi |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-92-3-103467-1 |access-date=22 January 2023 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306193338/https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/default/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind%2C%20baluchistan%2C%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Early modern period ===
==== Mughal Empire (c. 1530–1700 CE) ====
The [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] came to power in the early 16th century and gradually expanded to control all of the Punjab from their capital at [[Lahore]]. During the Mughal era, [[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Saadullah Khan]], born into a family of Punjabi agriculturalists<ref name="Journal of Central Asia 1992 p.842">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ml5xAAAAMAAJ |title=Journal of Central Asia |publisher=Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia, Quaid-i-Azam University |year=1992 |page=84 |quote=Sadullah Khan was the son of Amir Bakhsh a cultivator of Chiniot . He belongs to Jat family. He was born on Thursday, the 10th Safar 1000 A.H./1591 A.C. |access-date=2022-07-30 |issue=v. 15}}</ref> belonging to the [[Thaheem (tribe)|Thaheem tribe]]<ref name="Quddus 1992 p.402">{{cite book |last=Quddus |first=S.A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4y9zAAAAMAAJ |title=Punjab, the Land of Beauty, Love, and Mysticism |publisher=Royal Book Company |year=1992 |isbn=978-969-407-130-5 |page=402 |access-date=2022-07-29}}</ref> from [[Chiniot]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Siddiqui |first=Shabbir A. |title=Relations Between Dara Shukoh and Sa'adullah Khan |date=1986 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141552 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=47 |pages=273–276 |jstor=44141552 |issn=2249-1937 |access-date=11 August 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422052225/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141552 |url-status=live }}</ref> remained [[grand vizier]] (or Prime Minister) of the Mughal Empire in the period 1645–1656.<ref name=":13" /> Other prominent Muslims from Punjab who rose to nobility during the Mughal Era include [[Wazir Khan (Lahore)|Wazir Khan]],<ref name="Koch">{{Cite book |last=Koch |first=Ebba |title=The complete Taj Mahal : and the riverfront gardens of Agra |date=2006 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |others=Richard André. Barraud |isbn=978-0-500-34209-1 |location=London |page=45 |oclc=69022179 }}</ref> [[Adina Beg|Adina Beg Arain]],<ref>{{Cite book |first=G.S. |last=Chhabra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&dq=adina+beg+punjab&pg=PA38 |title=Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707–1803) |date=2005 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 |page=38 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]].<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Shahbaz Khan|author=Chisti, AA Sheikh Md Asrarul Hoque}}</ref> The Mughal Empire ruled the region until it was severely weakened in the eighteenth century.<ref name=":9" /> As Mughal power weakened, Afghan rulers took control of the region.<ref name=":9" /> Contested by the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and Afghans, the region was the center of the growing influence of the [[misl]]s, who expanded and established the Sikh Confederacy as the Mughals and Afghans weakened, ultimately ruling the Punjab, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], and territories north into the [[Himalayas]].<ref name=":9" />

==== Pakpattan state (c. 1700–1730 CE) ====
Following the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, the shrine's ''Dīwān'' was able to forge a political independent state centered on Pakpattan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara Daly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5-vzVq8hdkC&q=pakpattan&pg=PA349 |title=Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam |date=1984-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-04660-3 |language=en}}</ref> In 1757, ''Dīwān'' 'Abd as-Subḥān gathered an army of his [[Jats|Jat]] [[Murid|murīds]], attacked the Raja of [[Bikaner]], and thereby expanded the shrine's territorial holdings for the first time east of the Sutlej.<ref name=":3" /> Around 1776, the ''Dīwān'', supported mainly by his [[Wattoo (surname)|Wattu]] [[Murid|murīds]], successfully repelled an attack by the Sikh [[Nakai Misl]], resulting in the death of the Nakai leader, [[Heera Singh Sandhu]].<ref name=":3" />

==== Sial dynasty (c. 1730–1799 CE) ====
{{See also|Sial dynasty}}
The [[Sial dynasty]] was established by the 13 Sial Chief Nawab Walidad Khan Sial in 1723.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gilmartin |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfXLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |title=Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History |date=2020-04-14 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-35553-8 |language=en}}</ref> He gradually gained control of the lower [[Rachna Doab|Rachna doab]], including the cities of [[Chiniot]], [[Pindi Bhattian]], [[Jhang]] and [[Mankera]].<ref name="Punjab Government 1883">{{Cite book |last=Punjab Government |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105607 |title=Gazetteer Of The Jhang District |date=1883}}</ref>

Next chief, [[Inayatullah Khan Sial|Inayatullah Khan]] (r. 1747– 1787) was a successful general who won 22 battles against [[Bhangi Misl]] and the Multan chiefs.<ref name="Punjab Government 1883"/>

The Sikh Empire invaded Jhang multiple times from 1801 to 1816<ref name="Punjab Government 1883"/> and annexed by the dynasty; Ahmad Khan Sial was awarded a Jagir by [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yasmin |first=Robina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRsCzwEACAAJ |title=Muslims Under Sikh Rule in the Nineteenth Century: Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Religious Tolerance |date=2022 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-0-7556-4035-5 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Modern period ===
==== Sikh Empire (c. 1799–1849 CE) ====
{{See also|Sikh Empire}}
[[File:Maharaj Ranjit Singh.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Illustration of [[Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]
In the 19th century, Maharajah [[Ranjit Singh]] established the [[Sikh Empire]] based in the Punjab.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign by K.S. Duggal. (''Date:1989. ISBN 8170172446'') |url=http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDE822/ |access-date=2009-08-09 |publisher=Exoticindiaart.com |archive-date=17 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617232755/http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDE822/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured [[Lahore]], to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]. It was forged on the foundations of the [[Khalsa]] from a collection of autonomous [[Sikhism|Sikh]] ''[[misl]]s''.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition 1911 Page 892">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Ranjit Singh |volume=22 |page=892}}</ref><ref name="Grewal">{{cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab, Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-521-63764-3 |series=The New Cambridge History of India |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082839/https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC |url-status=live }}</ref> At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from the [[Khyber Pass]] in the west to western [[Tibet]] in the east, and from [[Mithankot]] in the south to [[Kashmir]] in the north. It was divided into four provinces: [[Lahore]], in Punjab, which became the Sikh capital; [[Multan]], also in Punjab; [[Peshawar]]; and Kashmir from 1799 to 1849. Religiously diverse, with an estimated population of 3.5 million in 1831 (making it the [[List of countries by population in 1800|19th most populous country at the time]]),<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Amarinder Singh]]'s The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar</ref> it was the last major region of the Indian subcontinent to [[Colonial India|be annexed]] by the [[British Empire]].

==== British Punjab (c. 1849–1947 CE)====
{{see also|Punjab Province (British India)}}
The Sikh Empire ruled the Punjab until the British annexed it in 1849 following the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grewal |first1=J. S. |series=The New Cambridge History of India |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab |date=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-63764-3 |pages=126–128 |edition=Revised |chapter=The Sikh empire (1799–1849) - Chapter 6}}</ref> Most of the Punjabi homeland formed a province of British India, though a number of small [[princely state]]s retained local rulers who recognized British authority.<ref name=":9" /> The Punjab with its rich farmlands became one of the most important colonial assets.<ref name=":9" /> Lahore was a noted center of learning and culture, and [[Rawalpindi]] became an important military installation.<ref name=":9" /> Most Punjabis supported the British during [[World War I]], providing men and resources to the war effort even though the Punjab remained a source of anti colonial activities.<ref name="hibb 1980" />{{rp|163}} Disturbances in the region increased as the war continued.<ref name=":9" /> At the end of the war, high casualty rates, heavy taxation, inflation, and a widespread influenza epidemic disrupted Punjabi society.<ref name=":9" /> In 1919, Colonel [[Reginald Dyer]] ordered troops under command to fire on a crowd of demonstrators, mostly Sikhs in [[Amritsar]]. The [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Jallianwala massacre]] fueled the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref name=":9" /> Nationalists declared the independence of India from Lahore in 1930 but were quickly suppressed.<ref name=":9" /> When the Second World War broke out, nationalism in British India had already divided into religious movements.<ref name=":9" /> Many Sikhs and other minorities supported the Hindus, who promised a secular multicultural and multireligious society, and Muslim leaders in Lahore passed a resolution to work for a Muslim Pakistan, making the Punjab region a center of growing conflict between Indian and Pakistani nationalists.<ref name=":9" /> At the end of the war, the British granted separate independence to India and Pakistan, setting off massive communal violence as Muslims fled to Pakistan and Hindu and Sikh Punjabis fled east to India.<ref name=":9" />

The [[British Raj]] had major political, cultural, philosophical, and literary consequences in the Punjab, including the establishment of a new system of education. During the [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]], many Punjabis played a significant role, including [[Madan Lal Dhingra]], [[Sukhdev Thapar]], [[Sardar Ajit Singh|Ajit Singh Sandhu]], [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Udham Singh]], [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], [[Bhai Parmanand]], [[Choudhry Rahmat Ali]], and [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]. At the time of partition in 1947, the province was split into East and West Punjab. [[East Punjab]] (48%) became part of India, while [[West Punjab]] (52%) became part of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pakgeotagging.blogspot.co.uk/2014/10/partition-of-punjab-in-1947.html |title=Pakistan Geotagging: Partition of Punjab in 1947 |access-date=11 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208221714/http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.co.uk/2014/10/partition-of-punjab-in-1947.html |archive-date=8 February 2016|date=3 October 2014 }}. Daily Times (10 May 2012). Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref> The Punjab bore the brunt of the [[Civil disorder|civil unrest]] following [[Partition of India|partition]], with casualties estimated to be in the millions.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Talbot|first1=Ian|title=Partition of India: The Human Dimension|journal=Cultural and Social History|year=2009|volume=6|issue=4|pages=403–410|quote=The number of casualties remains a matter of dispute, with figures being claimed that range from 200,000 to 2 million victims.|doi=10.2752/147800409X466254|s2cid=147110854 | issn=1478-0038 }}</ref><ref name="dcosta2011">{{Cite book|title=Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia|last=D'Costa|first=Bina|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=978-0415565660|page=53}}</ref><ref name="Silence2000">{{Cite book|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/butalia-silence.html|title=The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India|last=Butalia|first=Urvashi|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2000|access-date=1 September 2021|archive-date=25 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325043612/https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/butalia-silence.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations|last=Sikand|first=Yoginder|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-1134378258|page=5}}</ref>

The struggle for Indian independence witnessed competing and conflicting interests in the Punjab. The landed elites of the Muslim, Hindu and Sikh communities had loyally collaborated with the British since annexation, supported the Unionist Party and were hostile to the Congress party–led independence movement.<ref name="autogenerated542">Pritam Singh, Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy, Routledge, 19 February 2008, p.54</ref> Amongst the peasantry and urban middle classes, the Hindus were the most active [[Indian National Congress|National Congress]] supporters, the Sikhs flocked to the [[Akali movement]] whilst the Muslims eventually supported the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]].<ref name="autogenerated542" /> Since the partition of the sub-continent had been decided, special meetings of the Western and Eastern Section of the Legislative Assembly were held on 23 June 1947 to decide whether or not the Province of the Punjab be partitioned. After voting on both sides, partition was decided and the existing Punjab Legislative Assembly was also divided into [[West Punjab]] Legislative Assembly and the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. This last Assembly before independence, held its last sitting on 4 July 1947.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/uploads/previous_members/S-1946-1947.htm |title=Provincial Assembly of the Punjab |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=7 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207162416/http://www.pap.gov.pk/uploads/previous_members/S-1946-1947.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Another major consequence of partition was the sudden shift towards religious homogeneity occurred in all districts across Punjab owing to the new international border that cut through the province. This rapid demographic shift was primarily due to wide scale migration but also caused by large-scale [[Religious persecution#Religious cleansing|religious cleansing]] riots which were witnessed across the region at the time. According to historical demographer [[Tim Dyson]], in the eastern regions of Punjab that ultimately became [[Punjab, India|Indian Punjab]] following independence, districts that were 66% Hindu in 1941 became 80% Hindu in 1951; those that were 20% Sikh became 50% Sikh in 1951. Conversely, in the western regions of Punjab that ultimately became [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]], all districts became almost exclusively Muslim by 1951.{{sfn|Dyson|2018|pp=188–189}}

== Geography ==
The geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. In the 16th century [[Mughal Empire]] it referred to a relatively smaller area between the [[Indus River|Indus]] and the [[Sutlej River|Sutlej]] rivers.<ref name="JS_Grewal_1998">{{cite book |author=J. S. Grewal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-63764-0 |edition=Revised |series=The New Cambridge History of India |page=1 |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082839/https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pearson2009">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9x5FX2RROZgC&pg=PA202 |title=Different Types of History |date=2009 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1818-6 |language=en |page=202}}</ref>

=== Sikh Empire ===
[[File:Map of India 1823.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Sikh Empire (green) in northwest India in 1823]]
At its height in the first half of the 19th century, the Sikh Empire spanned a total of over {{cvt|200,000|sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Manning |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNveDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 |title=Bayonet to Barrage Weaponry on the Victorian Battlefield |date=30 September 2020 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books Limited |page=9 |isbn=9781526777249 |quote="The Sikh kingdom expanded from Tibet in the east to Kashmir in the west and from Sind in the south to the Khyber Pass in the north, an area of 200,000 square miles" |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164802/https://books.google.com/books?id=sNveDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Barczewski |first=Stephanie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ixd8CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 |title=Heroic Failure and the British |date=22 March 2016 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300186819 |page=89 |quote="..the Sikh state encompassed over 200,000 square miles (518,000 sq km)" |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164802/https://books.google.com/books?id=ixd8CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Khilani |first=N. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGEDAAAAMAAJ&q=punjab+of+over+200,000+square+miles+khilnani |title=British power in the Punjab, 1839–1858 |date=1972 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |isbn=9780210271872 |page=251 |quote="..into existence a kingdom of the Punjab of over 200,000 square miles" |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405041653/https://books.google.com/books?id=fGEDAAAAMAAJ&q=punjab+of+over+200,000+square+miles+khilnani |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Punjab was a region straddling India and the Afghan [[Durrani Empire]]. The following modern-day political divisions made up the historical Punjab region during the Sikh Empire:
* Punjab region, to [[Mithankot]] in the south
** [[Punjab, Pakistan]], excluding [[Bahawalpur State]]
** [[Punjab, India]], south to areas just across the [[Sutlej]] river
** [[Himachal Pradesh]], India, south to areas just across the [[Sutlej]] river
** [[Jammu Division]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India and Pakistan (1808–1846)
* [[Kashmir]] region, Pakistan/China<ref>{{cite book|title=The Masters Revealed: Madam Blavatsky and the Myth of the Great White Lodge |last=Johnson |first=K. Paul |author-link=K. Paul Johnson |year=1994 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-2063-8 |edition=1st |page=128}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Britain and Tibet 1765–1947 |last=Marshall |first=Julie G. |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-59997-9 |edition=1st |page=116}}</ref>
** [[Kashmir Valley]], India (1819–1846)
** [[Gilgit]], [[Gilgit–Baltistan]], Pakistan (1842–1846){{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
** [[Ladakh]], India (1834–1846)<ref>{{cite book |author1=Pandey, Dr. Hemant Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nn5IDwAAQBAJ&q=ladakh+1834+sikh&pg=PA57 |title=India's Major Military and Rescue Operations |author2=Singh, Manish Raj |publisher=Horizon Books |year=2017 |isbn=9789386369390 |page=57}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Deng |first1=Jonathan M. |date=2010 |title=Frontier: The Making of the Northern and Eastern Border in Ladakh From 1834 to the Present |url=https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1923&context=isp_collection |publisher=SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 920. |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218164514/https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1923&context=isp_collection |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Khyber Pass]], Pakistan/Afghanistan<ref>The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion, (Docherty, p. 187)</ref>
** [[Peshawar]], Pakistan<ref>The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion, (Docherty, pp. 185–187)</ref> (taken in 1818, retaken in 1834)
** [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]], Pakistan (documented from [[Hazara region|Hazara]], taken in 1818, again in 1836 to [[Bannu]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway|author=Sarina Singh|display-authors=etal|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2008|edition=7th|isbn=978-1-74104542-0|page=199}}</ref>
* Parts of [[Tibet|Western Tibet]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The Real Ranjit Singh|author=Fakir Syed Waheeduddin|year=1981|publisher=[[Punjabi University]]|oclc=221246072|page=vii}}</ref> China ([[Sino-Sikh war|briefly]] in 1841, to [[Burang Town|Taklakot]])<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kartar Singh Duggal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4udb8LsF3-oC&q=tibet |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Last to Lay Arms |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=2001 |isbn=9788170174103 |page=131}}</ref>
After Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the empire was severely weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. This opportunity was used by the [[East India Company]] to launch the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]s. The country was finally annexed and dissolved at the end of the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849 into separate [[princely states]] and the [[Punjab (British India)|province of Punjab]]. Eventually, a Lieutenant Governorship was formed in Lahore as a direct representative of [[the Crown]].<ref name="hibb 1980">{{cite book |last1=Hibbert |first1=Christopher |title=The great mutiny: India 1857 |date=1980 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-004752-3 |location=Harmondsworth}}</ref>{{rp|221}}

=== Punjab (British India) ===
{{See also|Punjab Province (British India)}}
In British India, until the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] was geographically a triangular tract of country of which the [[Indus River]] and its tributary the [[Sutlej]] formed the two sides up to their confluence, the base of the triangle in the north being the [[Lower Himalayan Range]] between those two rivers. Moreover, the province as constituted under British rule also included a large tract outside these boundaries. Along the northern border, Himalayan ranges divided it from [[Kashmir]] and [[Tibet]]. On the west it was separated from the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier Province]] by the Indus, until it reached the border of [[Dera Ghazi Khan District]], which was divided from [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Baluchistan]] by the [[Sulaiman Range]]. To the south lay [[Sindh]] and [[Rajputana]], while on the east the rivers [[Jumna River|Jumna]] and [[Tons River|Tons]] separated it from the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]].<ref name="Chisholm 1911, p. 653">{{cite EB1911|Volume 22|wstitle=Punjab|page=653}}</ref> In total Punjab had an area of approximately 357 000 km square about the same size as modern day Germany, being one of the largest provinces of the British Raj.
[[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of the Punjab Province (British India)]]

It encompassed the present day [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], Haryana, [[Chandigarh]], Delhi, and some parts of [[Himachal Pradesh]] which were merged with Punjab by the British for administrative purposes (but excluding the former [[princely state]]s which were later combined into the [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]]) and the Pakistani regions of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Islamabad Capital Territory]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].

In 1901 the frontier districts beyond the Indus were separated from Punjab and made into a new province: the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier Province]]. Subsequently, Punjab was divided into four natural geographical divisions by colonial officials on the decadal census data:<ref name="punjab1911">{{cite web |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 1, Report. |url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1911-26575903/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007223437/https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1911-26575903/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB|access-date=19 August 2022|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011130147/https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|4}}

# '''''Indo-Gangetic Plain West geographical division''''' (including [[Hisar district]], [[Loharu State]], [[Rohtak district]], [[Dujana|Dujana State]], [[Gurgaon district]], [[Pataudi State]], Delhi, [[Karnal district]], [[Jalandhar district]], [[Kapurthala State]], [[Ludhiana district]], [[Malerkotla State]], [[Firozpur district]], [[Faridkot State]], [[Patiala State]], [[Jind State]], [[Nabha State]], [[Lahore District]], [[Amritsar district]], [[Gujranwala District]], and [[Sheikhupura district]]);
# '''''Himalayan geographical division''''' (including [[Sirmur State|Nahan State]], [[Simla District]], [[Simla Hill States]], [[Kangra district]], [[Mandi State]], [[Suket State]], and [[Chamba State]]);
# '''''Sub-Himalayan geographical division''''' (including [[Ambala district]], [[Kalsia State]], [[Hoshiarpur district]], [[Gurdaspur District (British Punjab)|Gurdaspur District]], [[Sialkot District]], [[Gujrat District]], [[Jhelum District]], [[Rawalpindi District]], and [[Attock District]];
# '''''North-West Dry Area geographical division''''' (including [[Montgomery District]], [[Shahpur District]], [[Mianwali District]], [[Lyallpur District]], [[Jhang District]], [[Multan District]], [[Bahawalpur State]], [[Muzaffargarh District]], and [[Dera Ghazi Khan District]]).

=== Major cities ===
{{main|List of cities in the Punjab region by population}}

Historically, [[Lahore]] has been the capital of the Punjab region and continues to be the most populous city in the region, with a population of 11 million for the city proper. [[Faisalabad]] is the 2nd most populous city and largest industrial hub in this region. Other major cities are [[Rawalpindi]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Multan]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Amritsar]], [[Jalandhar]], and [[Chandigarh]] are the other cities in Punjab with a city-proper population of over a million.

== Climate ==
[[File:Himalayas, Punjab region.png|thumb|The snow-covered Himalayas]]The climate has significant impact on the economy of Punjab, particularly for agriculture in the region. Climate is not uniform over the whole region, as the areas adjacent to the Himalayas generally receive heavier rainfall than those at a distance.<ref>{{cite web|website=MapsofIndia.com |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/punjab/geography-and-history/climate.html |title=Climate of Punjab |date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030101212/http://www.mapsofindia.com/punjab/geography-and-history/climate.html |archive-date=30 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Köppen climate classification]] generally classifies Punjab as having either a [[Humid subtropical climate|monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cwa) or a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: BSh).

There are three main seasons and two transitional periods. During summer, from mid-April to the end of June, the temperature may reach {{convert|48|C}}. The [[monsoon season]], from July to September, is a period of heavy rainfall, providing water for crops in addition to the supply from canals and [[irrigation]] systems. The transitional period after the monsoon season is cool and mild, leading to the winter season, when the temperature in January falls to {{convert|5|C}} at night and {{convert|12|C}} by day. During the transitional period from winter to summer, sudden [[hailstorm]]s and heavy showers may occur, causing damage to crops.<ref name=rgs>{{cite web|work=Royal Geographical Society |url=http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/5F44251D-8FD1-4102-BCDB-240A4E9EA1B8/0/F3ClimateandLandscapeFactsheet.pdf |title=The Climate & Landscape of the Punjab – Fact Sheet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034607/http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/5F44251D-8FD1-4102-BCDB-240A4E9EA1B8/0/F3ClimateandLandscapeFactsheet.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Western Punjab ===
{{Islamabad weatherbox}}

=== Central Punjab ===
{{Lahore weatherbox}}

=== Eastern Punjab ===
{{Weather box
| location = Patiala (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 28.4
| Feb record high C = 33.3
| Mar record high C = 37.8
| Apr record high C = 44.6
| May record high C = 47.0
| Jun record high C = 46.4
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 42.7
| Sep record high C = 40.6
| Oct record high C = 38.9
| Nov record high C = 35.4
| Dec record high C = 29.4
| year record high C = 47.0
| Jan high C = 18.7
| Feb high C = 22.5
| Mar high C = 28.0
| Apr high C = 35.2
| May high C = 39.3
| Jun high C = 38.3
| Jul high C = 34.4
| Aug high C = 33.4
| Sep high C = 33.1
| Oct high C = 32.6
| Nov high C = 27.7
| Dec high C = 21.2
| year high C = 30.3
|Jan mean C = 12.1
|Feb mean C = 15.9
|Mar mean C = 21.0
|Apr mean C = 27.0
|May mean C = 31.7
|Jun mean C = 31.9
|Jul mean C = 30.3
|Aug mean C = 29.2
|Sep mean C = 28.1
|Oct mean C = 24.7
|Nov mean C = 19.4
|Dec mean C = 14.0
| Jan low C = 6.7
| Feb low C = 9.5
| Mar low C = 14.1
| Apr low C = 19.3
| May low C = 24.2
| Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 27.0
| Aug low C = 26.3
| Sep low C = 24.3
| Oct low C = 18.2
| Nov low C = 11.9
| Dec low C = 7.8
| year low C = 18.0
| Jan record low C = -0.9
| Feb record low C = 0.1
| Mar record low C = 3.5
| Apr record low C = 7.7
| May record low C = 15.0
| Jun record low C = 18.2
| Jul record low C = 20.4
| Aug record low C = 20.1
| Sep record low C = 15.0
| Oct record low C = 10.0
| Nov record low C = 3.7
| Dec record low C = 0.4
| year record low C = -0.9
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 26.3
| Feb rain mm = 31.9
| Mar rain mm = 35.7
| Apr rain mm = 20.6
| May rain mm = 28.5
| Jun rain mm = 111.6
| Jul rain mm = 225.8
| Aug rain mm = 204.5
| Sep rain mm = 158.9
| Oct rain mm = 13.1
| Nov rain mm = 5.7
| Dec rain mm = 12.9
| year rain mm = 875.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.3 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.5
|Feb precipitation days = 4.8
|Mar precipitation days = 4.7
|Apr precipitation days = 4.0
|May precipitation days = 4.2
|Jun precipitation days = 7.2
|Jul precipitation days = 11.1
|Aug precipitation days = 11.2
|Sep precipitation days = 6.3
|Oct precipitation days = 1.5
|Nov precipitation days = 1.0
|Dec precipitation days = 1.5
|year precipitation days = 61.0
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 70
| Feb humidity = 62
| Mar humidity = 53
| Apr humidity = 33
| May humidity = 32
| Jun humidity = 46
| Jul humidity = 69
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 71
| Oct humidity = 59
| Nov humidity = 59
| Dec humidity = 69
| year humidity = 58
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Patiala Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 597–598
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M172
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42101
| title = Normals Data: Patiala – India Latitude: 30.33°N Longitude: 76.47°E Height: 251 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Main|Punjabis}}

===Languages===
{{See also|Punjab_Province_(British_India)#1931_census|Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjab, Pakistan#language}}
[[File:Mother Tongue by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.6|
<div style="text-align: center">The dominant [[mother tongue]] in each [[District of Pakistan]], according to the [[2017 Pakistan Census]]</div>]]
The major language is [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], which is written in India with the [[Gurmukhi]] script, and in Pakistan using the [[Shahmukhi]] script.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm|title=Punjabi language, alphabets and pronunciation|access-date=13 April 2020|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101213732/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] language has official status and is widely used in education and administration in Indian Punjab, whereas in Pakistani Punjab these roles are instead fulfilled by the [[Urdu]] language and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] is seen as a vernacular language

Several languages closely related to Punjabi are spoken in the various parts of the region. [[Dogri language|Dogri]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogri |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Dogri/Dogri.html |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=lisindia.ciil.org |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023902/http://lisindia.ciil.org/Dogri/Dogri.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kangri language|Kangri]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language {{!}} District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://hpkangra.nic.in/language/ |access-date=2022-08-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816202002/https://hpkangra.nic.in/language/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and other [[western Pahari]] dialects are spoken in the north-central and northeastern parts of the region, while [[Bagri language|Bagri]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2013 |title=Bagri of Rajasthan, Punjab, and Haryana: A Sociolinguistic Survey |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/43105 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=SIL International |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606040411/https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/43105 |url-status=live }}</ref> is spoken in south-central and southeastern sections. Meanwhile, [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] is generally spoken across a wide belt covering the southwest, while in the northwest there are large pockets containing speakers of [[Hindko]] and [[Pahari-Pothwari]].{{sfn|Shackle|1979|p=198}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Linguistic demographics of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]]
! rowspan="2" |[[First language|Language]]
! colspan="1" |Percentage
|-
!1911<ref name="punjab1911" />{{rp|370}}
|-
! [[Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjabi]]{{efn|[[Standard Punjabi]]: 58.34% [[Lahnda]]:{{efn|name=lahnda|Western Punjabi languages and dialects including [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Hindko]] and [[Pahari-Pothwari]], and other related languages or dialects}} 17.59%}}
| 75.93%
|-
! [[Western Hindi]]{{efn|name=westernhindi|Including [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] ([[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]]), [[Braj Bhasha]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], and other related languages or dialects}}
| 15.82%
|-
! [[Western Pahari]]
| 4.11%
|-
! [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]
| 3.0%
|-
! [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
| 0.29%
|-
! [[Pashto]]
| 0.28%
|-
! English
| 0.15%
|-
! Other
| 0.42%
|}

=== Religions ===
{{Main|Religion in the Punjab}}

==== Background ====
[[File:1500-1200 BCE Rigveda, manuscript page sample i, Mandala 1, Hymn 1 (Sukta 1), Adhyaya 1, lines 1.1.1 to 1.1.9, Sanskrit, Devanagari.jpg|thumb|[[Rig Veda]], the oldest known Hindu text, originated in the Punjab region.]]
The Punjab is predominantly [[Muslim]] though Hinduism is the oldest of the religions practised by Punjabi people, however, the term ''Hindu'' was also applied over a vast territory with much regional diversity.<ref name="Nayar12">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA7 |title=The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism |date=2012 |page=7 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-4070-5 |language=en}}</ref> The [[historical Vedic religion]] constituted the religious ideas and practices in the Punjab during the [[Vedic period]] ({{BCE|1500–500}}), centered primarily in the worship of [[Indra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wheeler |first=James Talboys |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSFGIqjWG14C&q=punjab |title=The History of India from the Earliest Ages: Hindu Buddhist Brahmanical revival |date=1874 |publisher=N. Trübner |page=330 |language=en |quote=The Punjab, to say the least, was less Brahmanical. It was an ancient centre of the worship of Indra, who was always regarded as an enemy by the Bráhmans; and it was also a stronghold of Buddhism. |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003135341/https://books.google.com/books?id=xSFGIqjWG14C&q=punjab |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=W. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vdv7AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 |title=The Indian Empire: Its People, History and Products |date=2013-11-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-38301-4 |page=80 |language=en |quote=In the settlements of the Punjab, Indra thus advanced to the first place among the Vedic divinities. |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128002436/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vdv7AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Virdee |first=Pippa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |title=From the Ashes of 1947 |date=February 2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42811-8 |page=24 |language=en |quote=The Rig Veda and the Upanishads, which belonged to the Vedic religion, were a precursor of Hinduism, both of which were composed in Punjab. |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164803/https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Michaels|2004|p=38}}: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (''karma''), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (''jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana''); the idea of the world as illusion (''maya'') must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (''asrama''), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions." {{cite web |first1=Stephanie |last1=Jamison |first2=Michael |last2=Witzel |year=1992 |title=Vedic Hinduism |url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/vedica.pdf |publisher=Harvard University |page=3 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413055150/http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/vedica.pdf |url-status=live }}: "... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism." See also {{harvnb|Halbfass|1991|pp=1–2}}</ref> The bulk of the [[Rigveda]] was composed in the Punjab region between circa 1500 and 1200 BCE,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |url=https://archive.org/details/anintroductiontohinduismgavinfloodd.oupseeotherbooks_355_z/page/37/mode/2up |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0}}</ref> while later Vedic scriptures were composed more eastwards, between the [[Yamuna]] and [[Ganges]] rivers. An ancient Indian law book called the [[Manusmriti]], developed by Brahmin Hindu priests, shaped Punjabi religious life from 200 BCE onward.<ref name="Nayar">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA7 |title=The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism |date=2012 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-4070-5 |pages=7–8 |language=en}}</ref>

Later, the [[History of Buddhism in India|spread of Buddhisim]] and Jainism in the Indian subcontinent saw the growth of [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] in the Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-03 |title=In ancient Punjab, religion was fluid, not watertight, says Romila Thapar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/in-ancient-punjab-religion-was-fluid-not-watertight-says-romila-thapar-5709145/ |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en |quote=Thapar said Buddhism was very popular in Punjab during the Mauryan and post-Mauryan period. Bookended between Gandhara in Taxila on the one side where Buddhism was practised on a large scale and Mathura on another side where Buddhism, Jainism and Puranic religions were practised, this religion flourished in the state. But after the Gupta period, Buddhism began to decline. |archive-date=3 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143856/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/in-ancient-punjab-religion-was-fluid-not-watertight-says-romila-thapar-5709145/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Islam]] was introduced via southern Punjab in the 8th century, becoming the majority by the 16th century, via local conversion.<ref name="oxford22">{{Cite book |last1=Rambo |first1=Lewis R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion |last2=Farhadian |first2=Charles E. |date=2014-03-06 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-971354-7 |pages=489–491 |language=en |quote=First, Islam was introduced into the southern Punjab in the opening decades of the eighth century. By the sixteenth century, Muslims were the majority in the region and an elaborate network of mosques and mausoleums marked the landscape. Local converts constituted the majority of this Muslim community, and as far for the mechanisms of conversion, the sources of the period emphasize the recitation of the Islamic confession of faith (shahada), the performance of the circumsicion (indri vaddani), and the ingestion of cow-meat (bhas khana). |access-date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082337/https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vF9DAAAAYAAJ |title=Advanced History of the Punjab: Guru and post-Guru period upto Ranjit Singh |date=1968 |publisher=New Academic Publishing Company |page=37 |language=en |access-date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082337/https://books.google.com/books?id=vF9DAAAAYAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> There was a small Jain community left in Punjab by the 16th century, while the Buddhist community had largely disappeared by the turn of the 10th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rambo |first1=Lewis R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion |last2=Farhadian |first2=Charles E. |date=2014-03-06 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-971354-7 |page=490 |language=en |quote=While Punjabi Hindu society was relatively well established, there was also a small but vibrant Jain community in the Punjab. Buddhist communities, however, had largely disappeared by the turn of the tenth century. |access-date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082337/https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The region became predominantly [[Muslim]] due to missionary [[Sufi]] saints whose [[dargah]]s dot the landscape of the Punjab region.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nicholls |first1=Ruth J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gdz0DwAAQBAJ&q=islam+punjab+sufi |title=Insights into Sufism: Voices from the Heart |last2=Riddell |first2=Peter G. |date=2020-07-31 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-5748-2 |language=en |quote=With the Muslim conquest of Punjab there was a flow of Sufis and other preachers who came to spread Islam. Much of the advance of Islam was due to these preachers.}}</ref>

The rise of [[Sikhism]] in the 1700s saw some Punjabis, both Hindu and Muslim, accepting the new Sikh faith.<ref name="Nayar" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Pritam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lQpswqcdDLIC&pg=PA25 |title=Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy |date=2008-02-19 |page=25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-04946-2 |language=en}}</ref> A number of Punjabis during the [[Colonial India|colonial period of India]] became Christians, with all of these religions characterizing the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region.<ref name="Nayar" />

==== Colonial era ====
{{Main|Religion in the Punjab#Subregions}}

A number of Punjabis during the [[Colonial India|colonial period of India]] became Christians, with all of these religions characterizing the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region.<ref name="Nayar2">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA7 |title=The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism |date=2012 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-4070-5 |pages=7–8 |language=en}}</ref> Additionally during the colonial era, the practice of [[religious syncretism]] among [[Punjabi Muslims]] and [[Punjabi Hindus]] was noted and documented by officials in census reports:
{{blockquote|{{smaller|''"In other parts of the Province, too, traces of Hindu festivals are noticeable among the Muhammadans. In the western Punjab, [[Vaisakhi|Baisakhi]], the new year's day of the Hindus, is celebrated as an agricultural festival, by all Muhammadans, by racing bullocks yoked to the well gear, with the beat of tom-toms, and large crowds gather to witness the show, The race is called Baisakhi and is a favourite pastime in the well-irrigated tracts. Then the processions of [[tazia]]s, in [[Muharram]], with the accompaniment of tom-toms, fencing parties and bands playing on flutes and other musical instruments (which is disapproved by the orthodox Muhammadans) and the establishment of [[Sebil (fountain)|Sabils]] (shelters where water and [[Sharbat (beverage)|sharbat]] are served out) are clearly influenced by similar practices at Hindu festivals, while the illuminations on occasions like the [[Mela Chiraghan|Chiraghan fair]] of [[Shalimar Gardens, Lahore|Shalamar (Lahore)]] are no doubt practices answering to the holiday-making instinct of the converted Hindus."''<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|174}} ''"Besides actual conversion, Islam has had a considerable influence on the Hindu religion. The sects of reformers based on a revolt from the orthodoxy of [[Varnashrama Dharma]] were obviously the outcome of the knowledge that a different religion could produce equally pious and right thinking men. Laxity in social restrictions also appeared simultaneously in various degrees and certain customs were assimilated to those of the Muhammadans. On the other hand the miraculous powers of Muhammadan saints were enough to attract the saint worshiping Hindus, to allegiance, if not to a total change of faith... The [[Punjabi Saudagaran-e-Delhi|Shamsis]] are believers in [[Shamsuddin Sabzwari|Shah Shamas Tabrez]] of [[Multan]], and follow the [[Imam]], for the time being, of the [[Isma'ilism|Ismailia]] sect of [[Shias]]... they belong mostly to the [[Sunar|Sunar caste]] and their connection with the sect is kept a secret, like Freemasonry. They pass as ordinary Hindus, but their devotion to the Imam is very strong."''<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|130}}}}
|Excerpts from the [[Census of India]] ([[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]])|1911}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Population trends for major religious groups in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] of the [[British Raj|British India]](1881–1941)<ref name="krishan2004">{{cite journal |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume11/no1/6_krishan.pdf |title=Demography of the Punjab (1849–1947) |first=Gopal |last=Krishan |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |volume=11 |issue=1 |year=2004 |pages=77–89 |access-date=16 August 2022 |archive-date=9 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209003014/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume11/no1/6_krishan.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|46}}
|- style="text-align: left;"
! Religious group
! Population % 1881{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! Population % 1891
! Population % 1901{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! Population % 1911{{efn|name=Delhi|Including Delhi district, which was later made into a separate province in 1912, following [[Delhi#Colonial period|the transfer from Calcutta to Delhi as capital of India in 1911]].}}
! Population % 1921
! Population % 1931
! Population % 1941
|-
! style="background: green; color: white;"| Islam
| 47.6% || 47.8% || 49.2% || 50.8% || 51.1% || 52.4% ||53.2%
|-
! style="background: OrangeRed; color: white;"| Hinduism{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 43.8% || 43.6% || 41.8% || 36.3% || 35.1% || 31.7% || 30.1%
|-
! style="background: orange;"| Sikhism
| 8.2% || 8.2% || 8.5% || 11.9% || 12.4% || 14.3% || 14.9%
|-
! style="background: DodgerBlue; color: white;"| Christianity
| 0.1% || 0.2% || 0.3% || 0.8% || 1.3% || 1.5% || 1.5%
|-
! style="background: GreenYellow;"| Other religions / No religion
| 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2%
|}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref>{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128154853/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|34}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109220619/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=17 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083309/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=4 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031110212/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=22 July 2022 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002225000/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |url-status=live |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}</ref>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 9,872,745
| {{Percentage | 9872745 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 12,183,345
| {{Percentage | 12183345 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 12,275,477
| {{Percentage | 12275477 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 12,813,383
| {{Percentage | 12813383 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 14,929,896
| {{Percentage | 14929896 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 18,259,744
| {{Percentage | 18259744 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931 & 1941 censuses: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 9,095,175
| {{Percentage | 9095175 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 10,344,469
| {{Percentage | 10344469 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 8,773,621
| {{Percentage | 8773621 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 8,799,651
| {{Percentage | 8799651 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 9,018,509
| {{Percentage | 9018509 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 10,336,549
| {{Percentage | 10336549 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 1,706,165
| {{Percentage | 1706165 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 2,102,896
| {{Percentage | 2102896 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 2,883,729
| {{Percentage | 2883729 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 3,107,296
| {{Percentage | 3107296 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 4,071,624
| {{Percentage | 4071624 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 5,116,185
| {{Percentage | 5116185 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 42,572
| {{Percentage | 42572 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 49,983
| {{Percentage | 49983 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 46,775
| {{Percentage | 46775 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 41,321
| {{Percentage | 41321 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 43,140
| {{Percentage | 43140 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 45,475
| {{Percentage | 45475 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 28,054
| {{Percentage | 28054 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 66,591
| {{Percentage | 66591 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 199,751
| {{Percentage | 199751 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 332,939
| {{Percentage | 332939 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 419,353
| {{Percentage | 419353 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 512,466
| {{Percentage | 512466 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 3,251
| {{Percentage | 3251 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 6,940
| {{Percentage | 6940 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 7,690
| {{Percentage | 7690 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 5,912
| {{Percentage | 5912 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 7,753
| {{Percentage | 7753 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 854
| {{Percentage | 854 | 34309861 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 413
| {{Percentage | 413 | 20748432 | 3 }}
| 477
| {{Percentage | 477 | 24754737 | 3 }}
| 653
| {{Percentage | 653 | 24187750 | 3 }}
| 526
| {{Percentage | 526 | 25101060 | 3 }}
| 569
| {{Percentage | 569 | 28490857 | 3 }}
| 4,359
| {{Percentage | 4359 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 24754737 | 4 }}
| 54
| {{Percentage | 54 | 24187750 | 4 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 25101060 | 4 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 28490857 | 4 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 34309861 | 4 }}
|-
! Others
| 57
| {{Percentage | 57 | 20748432 | 4 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 24754737 | 4 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24187750 | 4 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 25101060 | 4 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 28490857 | 4 }}
| 34,190
| {{Percentage | 34190 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 20,748,432
! {{Percentage | 20748432 | 20748432 | 2 }}
! 24,754,737
! {{Percentage | 24754737 | 24754737 | 2 }}
! 24,187,750
! {{Percentage | 24187750 | 24187750 | 2 }}
! 25,101,060
! {{Percentage | 25101060 | 25101060 | 2 }}
! 28,490,857
! {{Percentage | 28490857 | 28490857 | 2 }}
! 34,309,861
! {{Percentage | 34309861 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|}
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in West Punjab (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/><ref name="Shakargarh1881">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35264 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Gazetteers Of Gurdaspur District, 1883-84 |year=1884}}</ref>{{efn|name=WestPunjab1881|1881 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), and one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1881 census data here:<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/> Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105602 |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Punjab District Gazetteers Gurdaspur District Vol.21 Statistical Tables |year=1913}}</ref>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1901|1901 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]] (inscribed as the ''[[Punjab Canal Colonies#Chenab Colony|Chenab Colony]]'' on the 1901 census), [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1901 census data here:<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1911|1911 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1911 census data here:<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1921|1921 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1921 census data here:<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1931|1931 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1931 census data here:<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1941|1941 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1941 census data here:<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 6,201,859
|{{Percentage | 6201859 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 7,951,155
|{{Percentage | 7951155 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 8,494,314
|{{Percentage | 8494314 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 8,975,288
|{{Percentage | 8975288 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 10,570,029
|{{Percentage | 10570029 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 13,022,160
|{{Percentage | 13022160 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 1,449,913
|{{Percentage | 1449913 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 1,944,363
|{{Percentage | 1944363 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 1,645,758
|{{Percentage | 1645758 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 1,797,141
|{{Percentage | 1797141 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 1,957,878
|{{Percentage | 1957878 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 2,373,466
|{{Percentage | 2373466 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 272,908
|{{Percentage | 272908 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 483,999
|{{Percentage | 483999 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 813,441
|{{Percentage | 813441 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 863,091
|{{Percentage | 863091 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 1,180,789
|{{Percentage | 1180789 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 1,520,112
|{{Percentage | 1520112 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 12,992
|{{Percentage | 12992 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 42,371
|{{Percentage | 42371 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 144,514
|{{Percentage | 144514 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 247,030
|{{Percentage | 247030 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 324,730
|{{Percentage | 324730 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 395,311
|{{Percentage | 395311 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 4,352
|{{Percentage | 4352 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 5,562
|{{Percentage | 5562 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 5,977
|{{Percentage | 5977 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 5,930
|{{Percentage | 5930 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 6,921
|{{Percentage | 6921 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 9,520
|{{Percentage | 9520 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 354
|{{Percentage | 354 | 7942399 | 3 }}
| 300
|{{Percentage | 300 | 10427765 | 3 }}
| 377
|{{Percentage | 377 | 11104585 | 3 }}
| 309
|{{Percentage | 309 | 11888985 | 3 }}
| 413
|{{Percentage | 413 | 14040798 | 3 }}
| 312
|{{Percentage | 312 | 17340103 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 7942399 | 4 }}
| 6
|{{Percentage | 6 | 10427765 | 4 }}
| 168
|{{Percentage | 168 | 11104585 | 3 }}
| 172
|{{Percentage | 172 | 11888985 | 3 }}
| 32
|{{Percentage | 32 | 14040798 | 4 }}
| 87
|{{Percentage | 87 | 17340103 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 9
|{{Percentage | 9 | 10427765 | 4 }}
| 36
|{{Percentage | 36 | 11104585 | 4 }}
| 16
|{{Percentage | 16 | 11888985 | 4 }}
| 6
|{{Percentage | 6 | 14040798 | 4 }}
| 7
|{{Percentage | 7 | 17340103 | 4 }}
|-
! Others
| 21
|{{Percentage | 21 | 7942399 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 10427765 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 11104585 | 4 }}
| 8
|{{Percentage | 8 | 11888985 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 14040798 | 4 }}
| 19,128
|{{Percentage | 19128 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! Total Population
! 7,942,399
!{{Percentage | 7942399 | 7942399 | 2 }}
! 10,427,765
!{{Percentage | 10427765 | 10427765 | 2 }}
! 11,104,585
!{{Percentage | 11104585 | 11104585 | 2 }}
! 11,888,985
!{{Percentage | 11888985 | 11888985 | 2 }}
! 14,040,798
!{{Percentage | 14040798 | 14040798 | 2 }}
! 17,340,103
!{{Percentage | 17340103 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="14" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, Pakistan]] and [[Islamabad Capital Territory]].}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in East Punjab (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/><ref name="Shakargarh1881"/>{{efn|name=EastPunjab1881|1881 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], and [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1881 census data here:<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/> Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901"/>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1901|1901 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1901 census data here:<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1911|1911 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1911 census data here:<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1921|1921 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1921 census data here:<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1931|1931 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1931 census data here:<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1941|1941 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1941 census data here:<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}} Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 7,645,262
|{{Percentage | 7645262 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 8,400,106
|{{Percentage | 8400106 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 7,127,863
|{{Percentage | 7127863 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 7,002,510
|{{Percentage | 7002510 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 7,060,631
|{{Percentage | 7060631 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 7,963,083
|{{Percentage | 7963083 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 3,670,886
|{{Percentage | 3670886 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 4,232,190
|{{Percentage | 4232190 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 3,781,163
|{{Percentage | 3781163 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 3,838,095
|{{Percentage | 3838095 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 4,359,867
|{{Percentage | 4359867 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 5,237,584
|{{Percentage | 5237584 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 1,433,257
|{{Percentage | 1433257 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 1,618,897
|{{Percentage | 1618897 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 2,070,288
|{{Percentage | 2070288 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 2,244,205
|{{Percentage | 2244205 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 2,890,835
|{{Percentage | 2890835 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 3,596,073
|{{Percentage | 3596073 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 38,220
|{{Percentage | 38220 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 44,421
|{{Percentage | 44421 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 40,798
|{{Percentage | 40798 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 35,391
|{{Percentage | 35391 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 36,219
|{{Percentage | 36219 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 35,955
|{{Percentage | 35955 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 15,062
|{{Percentage | 15062 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 24,220
|{{Percentage | 24220 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 55,237
|{{Percentage | 55237 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 85,909
|{{Percentage | 85909 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 94,623
|{{Percentage | 94623 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 117,155
|{{Percentage | 117155 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 3,251
|{{Percentage | 3251 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 6,934
|{{Percentage | 6934 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 7,522
|{{Percentage | 7522 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 5,740
|{{Percentage | 5740 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 7,721
|{{Percentage | 7721 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 767
|{{Percentage | 767 | 16969758 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 59
|{{Percentage | 59 | 12806033 | 4 }}
| 177
|{{Percentage | 177 | 14326972 | 3 }}
| 276
|{{Percentage | 276 | 13083165 | 3 }}
| 217
|{{Percentage | 217 | 13212075 | 3 }}
| 156
|{{Percentage | 156 | 14450059 | 3 }}
| 4,047
|{{Percentage | 4047 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 15
|{{Percentage | 15 | 14326972 | 4 }}
| 18
|{{Percentage | 18 | 13083165 | 4 }}
| 3
|{{Percentage | 3 | 13212075 | 4 }}
| 7
|{{Percentage | 7 | 14450059 | 4 }}
| 32
|{{Percentage | 32 | 16969758 | 4 }}
|-
! Others
| 36
|{{Percentage | 36 | 12806033 | 4 }}
| 12
|{{Percentage | 12 | 14326972 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 13083165 | 4 }}
| 5
|{{Percentage | 5 | 13212075 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 14450059 | 4 }}
| 15,062
|{{Percentage | 15062 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! Total Population
! 12,806,033
!{{Percentage | 12806033 | 12806033 | 2 }}
! 14,326,972
!{{Percentage | 14326972 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 13,083,165
!{{Percentage | 13083165 | 13083165 | 2 }}
! 13,212,075
!{{Percentage | 13212075 | 13212075 | 2 }}
! 14,450,059
!{{Percentage | 14450059 | 14450059 | 2 }}
! 16,969,758
!{{Percentage | 16969758 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="14" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Indo—Gangetic Plain West geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 4,975,901
| {{Percentage | 4975901 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 5,825,964
| {{Percentage | 5825964 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 4,790,624
| {{Percentage | 4790624 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 4,735,960
| {{Percentage | 4735960 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 4,709,545
| {{Percentage | 4709545 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 5,314,610
| {{Percentage | 5314610 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 3,751,891
| {{Percentage | 3751891 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 4,481,366
| {{Percentage | 4481366 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 4,144,971
| {{Percentage | 4144971 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 4,350,186
| {{Percentage | 4350186 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 5,112,215
| {{Percentage | 5112215 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 6,247,791
| {{Percentage | 6247791 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 1,390,873
| {{Percentage | 1390873 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 1,605,457
| {{Percentage | 1605457 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 1,993,750
| {{Percentage | 1993750 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 2,186,429
| {{Percentage | 2186429 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 2,816,785
| {{Percentage | 2816785 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 3,576,659
| {{Percentage | 3576659 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 36,479
| {{Percentage | 36479 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 41,877
| {{Percentage | 41877 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 39,111
| {{Percentage | 39111 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 33,515
| {{Percentage | 33515 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 34,806
| {{Percentage | 34806 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 34,744
| {{Percentage | 34744 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 11,729
| {{Percentage | 11729 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 22,103
| {{Percentage | 22103 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 58,462
| {{Percentage | 58462 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 140,104
| {{Percentage | 140104 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 198,081
| {{Percentage | 198081 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 247,028
| {{Percentage | 247028 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 139
| {{Percentage | 139 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 299
| {{Percentage | 299 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 412
| {{Percentage | 412 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 318
| {{Percentage | 318 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 314
| {{Percentage | 314 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 235
| {{Percentage | 235 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 132
| {{Percentage | 132 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 184
| {{Percentage | 184 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 23
| {{Percentage | 23 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 49
| {{Percentage | 49 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 14,844
| {{Percentage | 14844 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal|See total breakdowns in tables on [[Religion in the Punjab#Subregions|Religion in the Punjab]] page.}}
! 10,167,062
! {{Percentage | 10167062 | 10167062 | 2 }}
! 11,977,100
! {{Percentage | 11977100 | 11977100 | 2 }}
! 11,027,490
! {{Percentage | 11027490 | 11027490 | 2 }}
! 11,446,716
! {{Percentage | 11446716 | 11446716 | 2 }}
! 12,871,774
! {{Percentage | 12871774 | 12871774 | 2 }}
! 15,435,980
! {{Percentage | 15435980 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|}
The ''Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division'' included [[Hisar district]], [[Loharu State]], [[Rohtak district]], [[Dujana|Dujana State]], [[Gurgaon district]], [[Pataudi State]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district]], [[Jalandhar district]], [[Kapurthala State]], [[Ludhiana district]], [[Malerkotla State]], [[Firozpur district]], [[Faridkot State]], [[Patiala State]], [[Jind State]], [[Nabha State]], [[Lahore District]], [[Amritsar district]], [[Gujranwala District]], and [[Sheikhupura District]].<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Himalayan geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 1,458,481
| {{Percentage | 1458481 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 1,598,853
| {{Percentage | 1598853 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 1,630,084
| {{Percentage | 1630084 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 1,642,176
| {{Percentage | 1642176 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 1,729,008
| {{Percentage | 1729008 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 1,929,634
| {{Percentage | 1929634 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 70,642
| {{Percentage | 70642 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 76,480
| {{Percentage | 76480 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 74,205
| {{Percentage | 74205 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 77,425
| {{Percentage | 77425 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 82,711
| {{Percentage | 82711 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 87,485
| {{Percentage | 87485 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 3,840
| {{Percentage | 3840 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 3,415
| {{Percentage | 3415 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 4,400
| {{Percentage | 4400 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 4,471
| {{Percentage | 4471 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 2,586
| {{Percentage | 2586 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 2,129
| {{Percentage | 2129 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 3,250
| {{Percentage | 3250 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 6,931
| {{Percentage | 6931 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 7,518
| {{Percentage | 7518 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 5,718
| {{Percentage | 5718 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 7,705
| {{Percentage | 7705 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 614
| {{Percentage | 614 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 2,680
| {{Percentage | 2680 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 3,897
| {{Percentage | 3897 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 7,894
| {{Percentage | 7894 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 7,610
| {{Percentage | 7610 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 8,948
| {{Percentage | 8948 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 12,245
| {{Percentage | 12245 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 536
| {{Percentage | 536 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 483
| {{Percentage | 483 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 358
| {{Percentage | 358 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 356
| {{Percentage | 356 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 291
| {{Percentage | 291 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 425
| {{Percentage | 425 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 3,895
| {{Percentage | 3895 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal}}
! 1,539,433
! {{Percentage | 1539433 | 1539433 | 2 }}
! 1,690,066
! {{Percentage | 1690066 | 1690066 | 2 }}
! 1,724,480
! {{Percentage | 1724480 | 1724480 | 2 }}
! 1,737,801
! {{Percentage | 1737801 | 1737801 | 2 }}
! 1,831,253
! {{Percentage | 1831253 | 1831253 | 2 }}
! 2,036,428
! {{Percentage | 2036428 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|}
The ''Himalayan geographical division'' included [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor State]], [[Simla District]], [[Simla Hill States]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur State]], [[Kangra district]], [[Mandi State]], [[Suket State]], and [[Chamba State]].<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Sub—Himalayan geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 3,511,174
| {{Percentage | 3511174 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 3,741,759
| {{Percentage | 3741759 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 3,551,989
| {{Percentage | 3551989 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 3,587,246
| {{Percentage | 3587246 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 4,009,166
| {{Percentage | 4009166 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 4,751,911
| {{Percentage | 4751911 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 2,159,634
| {{Percentage | 2159634 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 2,042,505
| {{Percentage | 2042505 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 1,588,097
| {{Percentage | 1588097 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 1,556,703
| {{Percentage | 1556703 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 1,565,034
| {{Percentage | 1565034 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 1,799,915
| {{Percentage | 1799915 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 284,592
| {{Percentage | 284592 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 350,587
| {{Percentage | 350587 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 565,596
| {{Percentage | 565596 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 570,759
| {{Percentage | 570759 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 753,168
| {{Percentage | 753168 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 906,802
| {{Percentage | 906802 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 10,363
| {{Percentage | 10363 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 29,930
| {{Percentage | 29930 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 92,524
| {{Percentage | 92524 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 117,172
| {{Percentage | 117172 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 132,500
| {{Percentage | 132500 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 155,386
| {{Percentage | 155386 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 5,231
| {{Percentage | 5231 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 7,278
| {{Percentage | 7278 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 6,695
| {{Percentage | 6695 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 6,866
| {{Percentage | 6866 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 7,299
| {{Percentage | 7299 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 9,172
| {{Percentage | 9172 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 200
| {{Percentage | 200 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 117
| {{Percentage | 117 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 152
| {{Percentage | 152 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 111
| {{Percentage | 111 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 76
| {{Percentage | 76 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 141
| {{Percentage | 141 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 171
| {{Percentage | 171 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 17
| {{Percentage | 17 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 1,681
| {{Percentage | 1681 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal}}
! 5,971,195
! {{Percentage | 5971195 | 5971195 | 2 }}
! 6,172,187
! {{Percentage | 6172187 | 6172187 | 2 }}
! 5,805,081
! {{Percentage | 5805081 | 5805081 | 2 }}
! 5,838,869
! {{Percentage | 5838869 | 5838869 | 2 }}
! 6,467,272
! {{Percentage | 6467272 | 6467272 | 2 }}
! 7,625,185
! {{Percentage | 7625185 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|}
The ''Sub−Himalayan geographical division'' included [[Ambala district]], [[Kalsia State]], [[Hoshiarpur district]], [[Gurdaspur district]], [[Sialkot District]], [[Gujrat District]], [[Jhelum District]], [[Rawalpindi District]], and [[Attock District]].<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the North—West Dry Area geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 2,539,038
| {{Percentage | 2539038 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 3,883,740
| {{Percentage | 3883740 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 4,504,312
| {{Percentage | 4504312 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 4,798,526
| {{Percentage | 4798526 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 5,725,804
| {{Percentage | 5725804 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 7,172,557
| {{Percentage | 7172557 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 501,159
| {{Percentage | 501159 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 877,147
| {{Percentage | 877147 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 764,816
| {{Percentage | 764816 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 864,812
| {{Percentage | 864812 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 1,014,922
| {{Percentage | 1014922 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 1,292,390
| {{Percentage | 1292390 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 28,020
| {{Percentage | 28020 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 142,955
| {{Percentage | 142955 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 316,489
| {{Percentage | 316489 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 342,498
| {{Percentage | 342498 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 492,723
| {{Percentage | 492723 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 620,479
| {{Percentage | 620479 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 2,122
| {{Percentage | 2122 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 11,143
| {{Percentage | 11143 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 44,365
| {{Percentage | 44365 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 71,192
| {{Percentage | 71192 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 86,186
| {{Percentage | 86186 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 107,923
| {{Percentage | 107923 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 326
| {{Percentage | 326 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 345
| {{Percentage | 345 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 611
| {{Percentage | 611 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 584
| {{Percentage | 584 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 744
| {{Percentage | 744 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 1,134
| {{Percentage | 1134 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 54
| {{Percentage | 54 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 71
| {{Percentage | 71 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 57
| {{Percentage | 57 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 176
| {{Percentage | 176 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 88
| {{Percentage | 88 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 29
| {{Percentage | 29 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 17,664
| {{Percentage | 17664 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal}}
! 3,070,742
! {{Percentage | 3070742 | 3070742 | 2 }}
! 4,915,384
! {{Percentage | 4915384 | 4915384 | 2 }}
! 5,630,699
! {{Percentage | 5630699 | 5630699 | 2 }}
! 6,077,674
! {{Percentage | 6077674 | 6077674 | 2 }}
! 7,320,558
! {{Percentage | 7320558 | 7320558 | 2 }}
! 9,212,268
! {{Percentage | 9212268 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|}
The ''North−West Dry Area geographical division'' included [[Montgomery District]], [[Shahpur District]], [[Mianwali District]], [[Lyallpur District]], [[Jhang District]], [[Multan District]], [[Bahawalpur State]], [[Muzaffargarh District]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District]], and the Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract.<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}

==== Post-partition ====
In the present-day, the vast majority of Pakistani Punjabis are Sunni Muslim by faith, but also include significant minority faiths, such as Shia Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims, [[Hindus]], [[Sikhs]] and Christians.

Sikhism, founded by [[Guru Nanak]] is the main religion practised in the post-1966 Indian Punjab state. About 57.7% of the population of Punjab state is [[Sikh]], 38.5% is [[Hindu]], with the remaining population including [[Islam in Punjab, India|Muslims]], [[Christianity in Punjab, India|Christians]], and [[Jainism|Jains]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm| title=Census Reference Tables, C-Series Population by religious communities| publisher=Census of India| year=2001| access-date=25 July 2010| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701214405/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm| archive-date=1 July 2010}}</ref> Punjab state contains the holy Sikh cities of [[Amritsar]], [[Anandpur Sahib]], [[Tarn Taran Sahib]], [[Fatehgarh Sahib]] and [[Chamkaur Sahib]].

The Punjab was home to several [[List of Sufi saints|Sufi saints]], and Sufism is [[Sufism in Punjab|well established in the region]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabics.com/SufiSaintsOfPunjab/ |title=Sufi Saints of the Punjab |website=Punjabics.com |access-date=1 July 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230010342/http://punjabics.com/SufiSaintsOfPunjab/ |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> Also, [[Kirpal Singh]] revered the Sikh Gurus as saints.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruhanisatsangusa.org/indian/sant_kirpal_singh_history/punjab_home_of_master_saints.htm |title=The Punjab – Home of Master Saints |last1=Kirpal Singh |first1=Sant |access-date=1 July 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092640/http://www.ruhanisatsangusa.org/indian/sant_kirpal_singh_history/punjab_home_of_master_saints.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015|author1-link=Kirpal Singh }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Punjab Region ([[2011 Census of India]] & [[2017 Census of Pakistan]])<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/pakistan/Table09n.pdf|title=TABLE 9 - POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN|access-date=13 February 2023|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809195627/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/pakistan/Table09n.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EastPunjabReligions">{{cite web |title=Population by religion community – 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230423/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=Census of India, 2011 |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>{{efn|name=2011&2017Census|Estimates from combining [[2011 Indian census]] and [[2017 Pakistani Census|2017 Pakistani census]] with religious data amalgamated from [[Punjab, India]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Islamabad]], and [[Chandigarh]].<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions"/><ref name="EastPunjabReligions"/><ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>}}
! rowspan="2" |Religious group
! colspan="2" |Punjab Region
! colspan="2" |[[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab (Pakistan)]]<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Punjab, India|Punjab (India)]]<ref name="EastPunjabReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Haryana]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Delhi]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Chandigarh]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
|-
!Total population
!Percentage
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! 114,130,322
! {{Percentage | 114130322 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 107,541,602
| {{Percentage | 107541602 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 535,489
| {{Percentage | 535489 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 1,781,342
| {{Percentage | 1781342 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 2,158,684
| {{Percentage | 2158684 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 149,881
| {{Percentage | 149881 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 1,911,877
| {{Percentage | 1911877 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 51,447
| {{Percentage | 51447 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! 54,159,083
! {{Percentage | 54159083 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 211,641
| {{Percentage | 211641 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 10,678,138
| {{Percentage | 10678138 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 22,171,128
| {{Percentage | 22171128 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 13,712,100
| {{Percentage | 13712100 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 6,532,765
| {{Percentage | 6532765 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 737
| {{Percentage | 737 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 852,574
| {{Percentage | 852574 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! 18,037,312
! {{Percentage | 18037312 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 16,004,754
| {{Percentage | 16004754 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 1,243,752
| {{Percentage | 1243752 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 570,581
| {{Percentage | 570581 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 79,896
| {{Percentage | 79896 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 138,329
| {{Percentage | 138329 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! 2,715,952
! {{Percentage | 2715952 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 2,063,063
| {{Percentage | 2063063 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 348,230
| {{Percentage | 348230 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 50,353
| {{Percentage | 50353 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 146,093
| {{Percentage | 146093 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 12,646
| {{Percentage | 12646 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 86,847
| {{Percentage | 86847 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 8,720
| {{Percentage | 8720 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|15px]]
! 267,649
! {{Percentage | 267649 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 45,040
| {{Percentage | 45040 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 52,613
| {{Percentage | 52613 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 166,231
| {{Percentage | 166231 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 1,805
| {{Percentage | 1805 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,960
| {{Percentage | 1960 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ahmadiyya]] [[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya 1-2.svg|15px]]
! 160,759
! {{Percentage | 160759 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 158,021
| {{Percentage | 158021 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2,738
| {{Percentage | 2738 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma Wheel (2).svg|15px]]
! 139,019
! {{Percentage | 139019 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 33,237
| {{Percentage | 33237 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 7,514
| {{Percentage | 7514 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 18,449
| {{Percentage | 18449 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 78,659
| {{Percentage | 78659 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,160
| {{Percentage | 1160 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
! 185,720
! {{Percentage | 185720 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 15,328
| {{Percentage | 15328 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 98,450
| {{Percentage | 98450 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 44,760
| {{Percentage | 44760 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 15,803
| {{Percentage | 15803 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 8,950
| {{Percentage | 8950 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 1,169
| {{Percentage | 1169 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 1,260
| {{Percentage | 1260 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 189,795,816
! {{Percentage | 189795816 | 189795816 | 2 }}
! 109,989,655
! {{Percentage | 109989655 | 109989655 | 2 }}
! 27,743,338
! {{Percentage | 27743338 | 27743338 | 2 }}
! 25,351,462
! {{Percentage | 25351462 | 25351462 | 2 }}
! 16,787,941
! {{Percentage | 16787941 | 16787941 | 2 }}
! 6,864,602
! {{Percentage | 6864602 | 6864602 | 2 }}
! 2,003,368
! {{Percentage | 2003368 | 2003368 | 2 }}
! 1,055,450
! {{Percentage | 1055450 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|}

=== Tribes ===
{{See also|List of Punjabi tribes}}
<gallery widths="180" heights="240" caption="Ethnographic photographs from Punjab region (mid-19th century).">
File:JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg|Jats in Delhi (1868)
File:Charles Shepherd and Arthur Robertson01.jpg|Rajputs in Delhi (1868)
File:Grey-scale scan of a painting of a Hindu official or courtier (possibly identifiable as Misr Diwan Chand) of the court of the Sikh Empire.jpg|Brahmin in Lahore (c. 1799–1849)
File:From left to right- A Gurkha, a Brahmin and a Sood.jpg|Left to right: Gurkha, Brahmin, and Shudra (Chuhra-Chamar) in Shimla (1868)
File:Arain men in Lahore.jpg|Arains in Lahore (1868)
File:Portrait of three unidentified Lahore carpenters (likely Tarkhan) with tools, ca.1862–72.png|Tarkhans in Lahore (c. 1862–1872)
File:Two Gurjar (also transliterated as Gujjar, Gujar, Gurjara, & Gujjer) Men on a Pavement and a Woman in a Doorway in Delhi, Shepherd & Robertson (possibly), ca.1859–69.png|Gujjars in Delhi (c. 1859–1869)
File:Portrait of an unidentified Arora Storekeeper from Lahore with coins in hand and in front of him, ca.1862–72.png|Arora in Lahore (c. 1862–1872)
File:Portrait of two unknown Kumhar potters from Lahore, ca.1859–69.png|Kumhars in Lahore (c. 1859–1869)
</gallery>

The Punjab region is diverse. Historic census reports taken in the [[British Raj|colonial era]] details the main [[Caste system in India|castes]] are represented, alongside numerous subcastes and [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|tribes]] (also known as ''[[Jāti]]'' or ''[[Baradari (brotherhood)|Barādarī]]''), formed parts of the various ethnic groups in the region, contemporarily known as [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]], [[Haryanvi people|Haryanvis]], [[Hindkowans]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], [[Dogras]], [[Mahasu (region)|Paharis]], and more.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Tribes of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1931)<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|478}}<ref name="punjab1921A">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430164 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430164 |access-date=26 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 1, Report. |year=1921 |volume=15 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083309/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430164 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|348}}<ref name="punjab1921B">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=26 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |volume=15 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083306/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|193–254}}<ref name="punjab1931A">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793222 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793222 |access-date=21 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 1, Report. |year=1931 |volume=17 |archive-date=22 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322030701/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793222 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|367}}<ref name="punjab1931B">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=21 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |volume=17 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326084838/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|281–309}}
! rowspan="2" |Tribe
! colspan="2" |1881
! colspan="2" |1891
! colspan="2" |1901
! colspan="2" |1911
! colspan="2" |1921
! colspan="2" |1931
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Jats|Jat]]
| 4,223,885
| {{Percentage | 4223885 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 4,500,340
| {{Percentage | 4500340 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 4,884,285
| {{Percentage | 4884285 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 4,891,060
| {{Percentage | 4891060 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 5,453,747
| {{Percentage | 5453747 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 6,070,032
| {{Percentage | 6070032 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Rajput]]
| 1,648,426
| {{Percentage | 1648426 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,747,989
| {{Percentage | 1747989 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,784,402
| {{Percentage | 1784402 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 1,586,274
| {{Percentage | 1586274 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,853,025
| {{Percentage | 1853025 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 2,792,060
| {{Percentage | 2792060 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Brahmin|Brahman]]
| 1,040,771
| {{Percentage | 1040771 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,069,132
| {{Percentage | 1069132 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,077,252
| {{Percentage | 1077252 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 985,901
| {{Percentage | 985901 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 994,529
| {{Percentage | 994529 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 1,058,598
| {{Percentage | 1058598 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Chuhra]]
| 1,039,039
| {{Percentage | 1039039 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,175,504
| {{Percentage | 1175504 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,175,003
| {{Percentage | 1175003 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 912,998
| {{Percentage | 912998 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 750,596
| {{Percentage | 750596 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 681,359
| {{Percentage | 681359 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Chamar]]
| 1,033,727
| {{Percentage | 1033727 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,147,913
| {{Percentage | 1147913 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,172,118
| {{Percentage | 1172118 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 1,075,941
| {{Percentage | 1075941 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,134,700
| {{Percentage | 1134700 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 1,102,465
| {{Percentage | 1102465 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Arain]]
| 795,471
| {{Percentage | 795471 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 890,264
| {{Percentage | 890264 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,003,698
| {{Percentage | 1003698 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 973,888
| {{Percentage | 973888 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,086,455
| {{Percentage | 1086455 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 1,331,295
| {{Percentage | 1331295 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Julaha]]
| 593,199
| {{Percentage | 593199 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 620,401
| {{Percentage | 620401 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 651,800
| {{Percentage | 651800 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 626,960
| {{Percentage | 626960 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 643,403
| {{Percentage | 643403 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 672,243
| {{Percentage | 672243 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Tarkhan (Punjab)|Tarkhan]]
| 564,385
| {{Percentage | 564385 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 621,718
| {{Percentage | 621718 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 675,361
| {{Percentage | 675361 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 637,971
| {{Percentage | 637971 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 614,912
| {{Percentage | 614912 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 654,053
| {{Percentage | 654053 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Gurjar|Gujjar]]
| 539,251
| {{Percentage | 539251 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 600,198
| {{Percentage | 600198 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 611,904
| {{Percentage | 611904 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 595,598
| {{Percentage | 595598 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 627,451
| {{Percentage | 627451 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 696,442
| {{Percentage | 696442 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Arora]]
| 538,465
| {{Percentage | 538465 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 603,131
| {{Percentage | 603131 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 647,945
| {{Percentage | 647945 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 667,943
| {{Percentage | 667943 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 707,495
| {{Percentage | 707495 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 775,734
| {{Percentage | 775734 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kumhar]]
| 465,676
| {{Percentage | 465676 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 515,331
| {{Percentage | 515331 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 561,298
| {{Percentage | 561298 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 542,906
| {{Percentage | 542906 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 570,158
| {{Percentage | 570158 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 620,402
| {{Percentage | 620402 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]
| 437,000
| {{Percentage | 437000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 442,000
| {{Percentage | 442000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 452,000
| {{Percentage | 452000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 404,000
| {{Percentage | 404000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 374,169
| {{Percentage | 374169 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Jhinwar]]
| 418,499
| {{Percentage | 418499 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 458,702
| {{Percentage | 458702 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 450,362
| {{Percentage | 450362 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 331,951
| {{Percentage | 331951 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 371,418
| {{Percentage | 371418 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 281,512
| {{Percentage | 281512 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Khatri]]
| 392,413
| {{Percentage | 392413 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 418,517
| {{Percentage | 418517 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 433,579
| {{Percentage | 433579 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 423,704
| {{Percentage | 423704 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 452,902
| {{Percentage | 452902 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 516,207
| {{Percentage | 516207 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]]
| 350,848
| {{Percentage | 350848 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 389,402
| {{Percentage | 389402 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 420,504
| {{Percentage | 420504 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 425,450
| {{Percentage | 425450 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 439,975
| {{Percentage | 439975 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 539,242
| {{Percentage | 539242 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kanet]]
| 346,000
| {{Percentage | 346000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 370,000
| {{Percentage | 370000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 390,000
| {{Percentage | 390000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 404,000
| {{Percentage | 404000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 288,159
| {{Percentage | 288159 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 305,814
| {{Percentage | 305814 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Mochi (disambiguation)#People|Mochi]]
| 334,034
| {{Percentage | 334034 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 384,179
| {{Percentage | 384179 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 408,314
| {{Percentage | 408314 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 410,977
| {{Percentage | 410977 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 429,242
| {{Percentage | 429242 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 472,616
| {{Percentage | 472616 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Baloch people in Punjab|Baloch]]
| 331,851
| {{Percentage | 331851 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 383,138
| {{Percentage | 383138 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 466,645
| {{Percentage | 466645 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 530,976
| {{Percentage | 530976 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 531,084
| {{Percentage | 531084 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 624,695
| {{Percentage | 624695 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Nai (caste)|Nai]]
| 323,703
| {{Percentage | 323703 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 371,144
| {{Percentage | 371144 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 370,019
| {{Percentage | 370019 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 344,845
| {{Percentage | 344845 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 360,653
| {{Percentage | 360653 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 380,657
| {{Percentage | 380657 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Shaikhs in South Asia|Sheikh]]
| 293,606
| {{Percentage | 293606 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 287,778
| {{Percentage | 287778 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 264,656
| {{Percentage | 264656 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 276,687
| {{Percentage | 276687 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 244,800
| {{Percentage | 244800 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 414,623
| {{Percentage | 414623 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Lohar (caste)|Lohar]]
| 291,506
| {{Percentage | 291506 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 323,420
| {{Percentage | 323420 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 347,099
| {{Percentage | 347099 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 319,847
| {{Percentage | 319847 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 322,195
| {{Percentage | 322195 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 333,910
| {{Percentage | 333910 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Teli]]
| 250,544
| {{Percentage | 250544 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 291,513
| {{Percentage | 291513 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 309,433
| {{Percentage | 309433 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 284,505
| {{Percentage | 284505 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 305,122
| {{Percentage | 305122 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 346,342
| {{Percentage | 346342 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Pathans of Punjab|Pathan]]
| 210,613
| {{Percentage | 210613 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 221,262
| {{Percentage | 221262 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 246,790
| {{Percentage | 246790 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 272,547
| {{Percentage | 272547 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 261,729
| {{Percentage | 261729 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 350,008
| {{Percentage | 350008 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sayyid#South Asia|Sayyid]]
| 200,728
| {{Percentage | 200728 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 217,034
| {{Percentage | 217034 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 230,802
| {{Percentage | 230802 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 239,160
| {{Percentage | 239160 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 247,087
| {{Percentage | 247087 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 294,223
| {{Percentage | 294223 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Mirasi]]
| 192,107
| {{Percentage | 192107 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 230,700
| {{Percentage | 230700 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 244,506
| {{Percentage | 244506 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 223,093
| {{Percentage | 223093 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 232,280
| {{Percentage | 232280 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 244,726
| {{Percentage | 244726 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Machiyar|Machhi]]
| 167,882
| {{Percentage | 167882 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 196,574
| {{Percentage | 196574 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 236,122
| {{Percentage | 236122 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 239,702
| {{Percentage | 239702 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 280,956
| {{Percentage | 280956 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 314,862
| {{Percentage | 314862 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ahir]]
| 165,878
| {{Percentage | 165878 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 188,838
| {{Percentage | 188838 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 197,805
| {{Percentage | 197805 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 201,299
| {{Percentage | 201299 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 201,539
| {{Percentage | 201539 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 221,933
| {{Percentage | 221933 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kashmiris in Punjab|Kashmiri]]
| 149,733
| {{Percentage | 149733 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 141,280
| {{Percentage | 141280 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 189,878
| {{Percentage | 189878 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 175,334
| {{Percentage | 175334 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 166,449
| {{Percentage | 166449 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 202,920
| {{Percentage | 202920 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Saini]]
| 147,183
| {{Percentage | 147183 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 120,507
| {{Percentage | 120507 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 121,722
| {{Percentage | 121722 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 107,759
| {{Percentage | 107759 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 120,376
| {{Percentage | 120376 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 165,190
| {{Percentage | 165190 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sunar]]
| 145,903
| {{Percentage | 145903 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 164,087
| {{Percentage | 164087 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 174,628
| {{Percentage | 174628 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 155,993
| {{Percentage | 155993 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 127,090
| {{Percentage | 127090 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 159,655
| {{Percentage | 159655 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kamboj|Kamboh]]
| 129,468
| {{Percentage | 129468 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 150,646
| {{Percentage | 150646 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 173,780
| {{Percentage | 173780 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 171,536
| {{Percentage | 171536 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 180,870
| {{Percentage | 180870 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 239,582
| {{Percentage | 239582 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Dhobi]]
| 123,767
| {{Percentage | 123767 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 139,421
| {{Percentage | 139421 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 142,342
| {{Percentage | 142342 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 151,566
| {{Percentage | 151566 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 163,908
| {{Percentage | 163908 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 175,557
| {{Percentage | 175557 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]]
| 112,566
| {{Percentage | 112566 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 115,916
| {{Percentage | 115916 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 133,300
| {{Percentage | 133300 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 120,752
| {{Percentage | 120752 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 111,564
| {{Percentage | 111564 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 133,089
| {{Percentage | 133089 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Faqir (clan)|Faqir]]
| 111,995
| {{Percentage | 111995 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 300,214
| {{Percentage | 300214 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 362,266
| {{Percentage | 362266 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 262,511
| {{Percentage | 262511 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 270,070
| {{Percentage | 270070 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 287,445
| {{Percentage | 287445 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ghirth|Ghirath]]
| 110,507
| {{Percentage | 110507 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 118,631
| {{Percentage | 118631 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 121,718
| {{Percentage | 121718 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 121,107
| {{Percentage | 121107 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 117,949
| {{Percentage | 117949 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 124,340
| {{Percentage | 124340 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Chhimba]]
| 100,448
| {{Percentage | 100448 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 141,819
| {{Percentage | 141819 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 147,152
| {{Percentage | 147152 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 124,090
| {{Percentage | 124090 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 120,695
| {{Percentage | 120695 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 96,269
| {{Percentage | 96269 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Qassab]]
| 92,571
| {{Percentage | 92571 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 109,435
| {{Percentage | 109435 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 114,158
| {{Percentage | 114158 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 117,363
| {{Percentage | 117363 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 120,820
| {{Percentage | 120820 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 127,198
| {{Percentage | 127198 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Rath tribe|Rathi]]
| 82,957
| {{Percentage | 82957 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 100,656
| {{Percentage | 100656 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 37,793
| {{Percentage | 37793 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 97,763
| {{Percentage | 97763 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 118,015
| {{Percentage | 118015 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 134,096
| {{Percentage | 134096 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Dagi & [[Koli people|Koli]]
| 78,559
| {{Percentage | 78559 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 167,772
| {{Percentage | 167772 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 153,990
| {{Percentage | 153990 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 172,269
| {{Percentage | 172269 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 165,159
| {{Percentage | 165159 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 182,235
| {{Percentage | 182235 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Mughal people|Mughal]]
| 92,000
| {{Percentage | 92000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 118,000
| {{Percentage | 118000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 98,000
| {{Percentage | 98000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 99,000
| {{Percentage | 99000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 88,951
| {{Percentage | 88951 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Jogi (caste)|Jogi]]-[[Rawal (caste)|Rawal]]
| 90,000
| {{Percentage | 90000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 91,000
| {{Percentage | 91000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 76,000
| {{Percentage | 76000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 83,000
| {{Percentage | 83000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 80,577
| {{Percentage | 80577 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[List of Scheduled Castes|Dumna]]
| 66,169
| {{Percentage | 66169 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 64,046
| {{Percentage | 64046 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 53,394
| {{Percentage | 53394 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 72,250
| {{Percentage | 72250 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 36,669
| {{Percentage | 36669 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 37,541
| {{Percentage | 37541 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Dhanuk]]
| 66,000
| {{Percentage | 66000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 74,000
| {{Percentage | 74000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 77,000
| {{Percentage | 77000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 83,000
| {{Percentage | 83000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 87,278
| {{Percentage | 87278 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Dogar]]
| 63,000
| {{Percentage | 1881 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 70,000
| {{Percentage | 1891 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 75,000
| {{Percentage | 1901 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 68,000
| {{Percentage | 68000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 74,369
| {{Percentage | 74369 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Khoja]]
| 62,000
| {{Percentage | 62000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 90,000
| {{Percentage | 90000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 99,000
| {{Percentage | 99000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 63,000
| {{Percentage | 63000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 87,461
| {{Percentage | 87461 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mallaah|Mallah]]
| 62,000
| {{Percentage | 62000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 77,000
| {{Percentage | 77000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 73,000
| {{Percentage | 73000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 78,000
| {{Percentage | 78000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 74,233
| {{Percentage | 74233 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mali caste|Mali]]
| 58,672
| {{Percentage | 58672 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 95,989
| {{Percentage | 95989 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 105,956
| {{Percentage | 105956 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 96,883
| {{Percentage | 96883 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 92,933
| {{Percentage | 92933 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 85,758
| {{Percentage | 85758 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Bharai]]
| 56,000
| {{Percentage | 56000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 67,000
| {{Percentage | 67000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 66,000
| {{Percentage | 66000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 58,000
| {{Percentage | 58000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 61,721
| {{Percentage | 61721 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! Barwala
| 55,000
| {{Percentage | 55000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 64,000
| {{Percentage | 64000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 69,000
| {{Percentage | 69000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 64,000
| {{Percentage | 64000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 65,907
| {{Percentage | 65907 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mahtam]]
| 50,313
| {{Percentage | 50313 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 56,982
| {{Percentage | 56982 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 82,719
| {{Percentage | 82719 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 81,805
| {{Percentage | 81805 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 94,325
| {{Percentage | 94325 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 65,262
| {{Percentage | 65262 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Labana]]
| 47,000
| {{Percentage | 47000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 55,000
| {{Percentage | 55000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 56,000
| {{Percentage | 56000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 58,000
| {{Percentage | 58000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 56,316
| {{Percentage | 56316 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Meghwal|Megh]]
| 37,373
| {{Percentage | 37373 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 41,068
| {{Percentage | 41068 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 44,315
| {{Percentage | 44315 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 39,549
| {{Percentage | 39549 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 30,465
| {{Percentage | 30465 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 23,207
| {{Percentage | 23207 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Khokhar]]
| 36,000
| {{Percentage | 36000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 130,000
| {{Percentage | 130000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 108,000
| {{Percentage | 108000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 60,000
| {{Percentage | 60000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 69,169
| {{Percentage | 69169 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Darzi]]
| 30,190
| {{Percentage | 30190 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 36,919
| {{Percentage | 36919 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 39,164
| {{Percentage | 39164 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 35,508
| {{Percentage | 35508 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 38,256
| {{Percentage | 38256 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 45,688
| {{Percentage | 45688 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Bawaria]]
| 22,013
| {{Percentage | 22013 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 26,420
| {{Percentage | 26420 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 29,112
| {{Percentage | 29112 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 32,849
| {{Percentage | 32849 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 34,807
| {{Percentage | 34807 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 32,527
| {{Percentage | 32527 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sansi people|Sansi]]
| 19,920
| {{Percentage | 19920 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 22,218
| {{Percentage | 22218 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 26,000
| {{Percentage | 26000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 24,439
| {{Percentage | 24439 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 17,402
| {{Percentage | 17402 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 165,190
| {{Percentage | 165190 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Orh|Od]]
| 15,652
| {{Percentage | 15652 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 22,450
| {{Percentage | 22450 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 26,160
| {{Percentage | 26160 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 31,690
| {{Percentage | 31690 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 28,502
| {{Percentage | 28502 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 32,719
| {{Percentage | 32719 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Saryara|Sarera]]
| 10,792
| {{Percentage | 10792 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 11,366
| {{Percentage | 11366 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 9,587
| {{Percentage | 9587 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 10,743
| {{Percentage | 10743 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 9,873
| {{Percentage | 9873 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 11,230
| {{Percentage | 11230 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Pakhiwara
| 3,741
| {{Percentage | 3741 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 3,674
| {{Percentage | 3674 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 3,595
| {{Percentage | 3595 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 3,711
| {{Percentage | 3711 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 2,801
| {{Percentage | 2801 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 4,540
| {{Percentage | 4540 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ghosi tribe|Ghosi]]
| 2,221
| {{Percentage | 2221 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 2,652
| {{Percentage | 2652 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 3,012
| {{Percentage | 3012 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 2,419
| {{Percentage | 2419 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 502
| {{Percentage | 502 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 3,853
| {{Percentage | 3853 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Harni]]
| 1,318
| {{Percentage | 1318 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 4,157
| {{Percentage | 4157 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 3,462
| {{Percentage | 3462 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 3,360
| {{Percentage | 3360 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 2,988
| {{Percentage | 2988 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 3,928
| {{Percentage | 3928 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Maliar]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 81,000
| {{Percentage | 81000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 90,000
| {{Percentage | 90000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 88,755
| {{Percentage | 88755 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Chuhra#In Islam|Mussalli]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 57,367
| {{Percentage | 57367 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 309,543
| {{Percentage | 309543 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 323,549
| {{Percentage | 323549 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 412,300
| {{Percentage | 412300 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Qureshi]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 53,000
| {{Percentage | 53000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 71,000
| {{Percentage | 71000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 97,625
| {{Percentage | 97625 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Agrawal|Aggarwal]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 339,494
| {{Percentage | 339494 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 349,322
| {{Percentage | 349322 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 379,068
| {{Percentage | 379068 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Bagaria
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,262
| {{Percentage | 1262 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,619
| {{Percentage | 1619 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 2,446
| {{Percentage | 2446 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ramdasia]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 126,487
| {{Percentage | 126487 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kahar]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 88,656
| {{Percentage | 88656 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Tank Kshatrya
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 37,376
| {{Percentage | 37376 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Dhiman Brahman
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 13,533
| {{Percentage | 13533 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! No tribe
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 6,816
| {{Percentage | 6816 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Total responses
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! 25,569,792
! {{Percentage | 25569792 | 28490869 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 20,800,995
! {{Percentage | 20800995 | 20800995 | 2 }}
! 22,915,894
! {{Percentage | 22915894 | 22915894 | 2 }}
! 24,367,113
! {{Percentage | 24367113 | 24367113 | 2 }}
! 23,791,841
! {{Percentage | 23791841 | 23791841 | 2 }}
! 25,101,514
! {{Percentage | 25101514 | 25101514 | 2 }}
! 28,490,869
! {{Percentage | 28490869 | 28490869 | 2 }}
|}

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Punjab, Pakistan|Economy of Punjab, India}}

The historical region of Punjab produces a relatively high proportion of the food output from India and Pakistan.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} The region has been used for extensive wheat farming. In addition, rice, cotton, [[sugarcane]], fruit, and vegetables are also grown.<ref name="Agropedia 2013" />

The agricultural output of the Punjab region in Pakistan contributes significantly to Pakistan's GDP. Both Indian and Pakistani Punjab is considered to have the best infrastructure of their respective countries. The Indian state of Punjab is currently the [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|16th richest state]] or the eighth richest large state of India. Pakistani Punjab produces 68% of Pakistan's foodgrain production.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/punjab.aspx |title=Pakistani government statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308122328/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/punjab.aspx |archive-date=8 March 2007 |url-status=dead |access-date=14 April 2007 |website=infopak.gov.pk}}</ref> Its share of Pakistan's GDP has historically ranged from 51.8% to 54.7%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.spdc.org.pk/Data/Publication/PDF/WP5.pdf |title=Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 1973–2000 |access-date=26 December 2017 |archive-date=26 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226234709/http://www.spdc.org.pk/Data/Publication/PDF/WP5.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and has the highest per capita of any province.

Called "The Granary of India" or "The Bread Basket of India", Indian Punjab produces 1% of the [[Rice production|world's rice]], 2% of its wheat, and 2% of its cotton.<ref name="Agropedia 2013">{{cite web |url=http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/punjab-leader-agricultural-sector |title=Punjab – The Leader in Agricultural Sector, Agriculture Today, 2013 |last=Yadav |first=Kiran |date=11 February 2013 |website=Agropedia |access-date=15 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306042334/http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/punjab-leader-agricultural-sector |archive-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> In 2001, it was recorded that farmers made up 39% of Indian Punjab's workforce.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ghuman|first=Ranjit Singh|date=2005|title=Rural Non-Farm Employment Scenario: Reflections from Recent Data in Punjab|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4417268|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=40|issue=41|pages=4473–4480|jstor=4417268|issn=0012-9976|access-date=25 March 2021|archive-date=29 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929123841/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4417268|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Punjab region of Pakistan, 42.3% of the labour force is engaged in the agriculture sector.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.agripunjab.gov.pk/overview | title=Agriculture Department, Overview | date=20 March 2014 | website=agripunjab.gov.pk |url-status=live |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623161017/http://www.agripunjab.gov.pk/overview}}</ref>

Alternatively, Punjab is also adding to the economy with the increase in employment of Punjab youth in the [[private sector]]. Government schemes such as 'Ghar Ghar Rozgar and Karobar Mission' have brought enhanced employability in the private sector. {{as of|2019|10}}, more than 32,000 youths have been placed in different jobs and 12,000 have been skill-trained.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/punjab-govt-to-identify-poorest-among-unemployed-in-villages-amarinder-singh-1606817-2019-10-07|title=Punjab govt to identify poorest among unemployed in villages: Amarinder Singh|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=7 October 2019|date=7 October 2019|url-status=live|archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810105500/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/punjab-govt-to-identify-poorest-among-unemployed-in-villages-amarinder-singh-1606817-2019-10-07}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[History of Punjab]]
* [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi music]]
* [[Punjabi culture]]
* [[List of Punjabi people]]
* [[List of cities in Punjab (Pakistan)|List of cities of Punjab]]
{{Portal|Punjab}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last=Dyson|first=Tim|author-link=Tim Dyson|title=A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-882905-8}}
* {{cite book |chapter=The Delhi Sultanate as Empire |first=Sunil |last=Kumar |title=The Oxford World History of Empire |volume=2 |editor-first1=Peter Fibiger |editor-last1=Bang |editor-first2=C. A. |editor-last2=Bayly |editor-first3=Walter |editor-last3=Scheidel |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-19-753276-8}}
* {{citation |last=Halbfass |first=Wilhelm | author-link = Wilhelm Halbfass |date=1991 |title=Tradition and Reflection: Explorations in Indian Thought |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=0-7914-0362-9}}
* {{cite book |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |first=Peter |last=Jackson |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-40477-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Mahajan|first=Vidya Dhar|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|orig-year=1991|year=2007|title=History of Medieval India, Sultanate Period And Mughal Period|location=New Delhi|publisher=S. Chand|isbn=978-8-1-219-0364-6}}
* {{citation |last=Michaels |first=Alex |date=2004 |orig-date=1998 |title=Hinduism: Past and Present |translator=Barbara Harshaw |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0691089523}}
* {{Cite thesis|title=The Last Two Dynasties of the Sahis: An analysis of their history, archaeology, coinage and palaeography |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/11229 |publisher=Australian National University |date=January 1976 |language=en|first=Abdur|last=Rehman}}
* {{cite book | last=Roy |first=Kaushik |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |publisher=Permanent Black, India |pages=80–1 |isbn=978-81-7824-109-8|year=2004 }}
* {{cite journal| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| title = Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab| journal = Transactions of the Philological Society| date = 1979| doi = 10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x| issn = 0079-1636| volume = 77| issue = 1| pages = 191–210}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|40em}}
* Condos, Mark. ''The Insecurity State: Punjab and the Making of Colonial Power in British India'' (2020) [https://www.amazon.com/Insecurity-State-Punjab-Colonial-British/dp/1108407013/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118183411/https://www.amazon.com/Insecurity-State-Punjab-Colonial-British/dp/1108407013/ |date=18 November 2022 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Narang |first1=K.S. |last2=Gupta |first2=Dr H.R. |date=1969 |title=History of the Punjab 1500–1858 |url=http://www.apnaorg.com/books/english/history-punjab-narang/history-punjab-narang.pdf |publisher=U. C. Kapur & Sons, Delhi |access-date=22 January 2014 |archive-date=25 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525030051/http://www.apnaorg.com/books/english/history-punjab-narang/history-punjab-narang.pdf |url-status=live }}
* [Quraishee 73] ''Punjabi Adab De Kahani'', Abdul Hafeez Quaraihee, Azeez Book Depot, Lahore, 1973.
* [Chopra 77] ''Punjab as a Sovereign State'', Gulshan Lal Chopra, Al-Biruni, Lahore, 1977.
* Patwant Singh. 1999. ''The Sikhs''. New York: Doubleday. {{ISBN|0-385-50206-0}}.
* ''The Evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab'', 1971, Buddha Parkash.
* ''Social and Political Movements in ancient Panjab'', Delhi, 1962, Buddha Parkash.
* ''History of Porus'', Patiala, Buddha Parkash.
* ''History of the Panjab'', Patiala, 1976, Fauja Singh, L.{{nbsp}}M. Joshi (Ed).
* ''The Legacy of the Punjab'', 1997, R.{{nbsp}}M. Chopra.
* ''The Rise Growth and Decline of Indo-Persian Literature'', R.{{nbsp}}M. Chopra, 2012, Iran Culture House, New Delhi. 2nd revised edition, published in 2013.
* Sims, Holly. "The State and Agricultural Productivity: Continuity versus Change in the Indian and Pakistani Punjabs." ''[[Asian Survey]]'', 1 April 1986, Vol. 26(4), pp. 483–500.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{EB1911 poster|Punjab}}
* {{Official website|http://punjabgovt.gov.in|name=Official website of Punjab, India}}
* {{Official website|http://www.punjab.gov.pk|name=Official website of Punjab, Pakistan}}

{{Punjab, India}}
{{Punjab, Pakistan topics}}
{{PunjabGeography}}
{{Historical regions of North India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Punjab| ]]
[[Category:Regions of India]]
[[Category:Regions of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Geography of South Asia]]
[[Category:Historical regions in India]]
[[Category:Historical regions of Pakistan]]

Oudh Irregular Force

2026-03-26T00:30:21Z

Svetlbwz: Done.

{{Short description|Military unit}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}

The '''Oudh Irregular Force''' was a short-lived unit of the [[Bengal Army]] of the [[East India Company]]. It consisted of ten infantry regiments, three cavalry regiments, and four batteries, raised in 1856, all of which would mutiny during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=Brian |date=2008 |title=1851. Hodson's Horse (1) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44231556 |journal=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research |volume=86 |issue=345 |pages=90–94 |jstor=44231556 |issn=0037-9700}}</ref>

== Formation ==
The annexation of [[Oudh State]] into the [[Bengal Presidency]] on 7 February 1856 created a need for a military force that could "establish law and order, suppress recalcitrant local chiefs and bandits, and serve as a semi-police force."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=MacMunn |first=George |date=1934 |title=A Lost Legion: The Story of the Oudh Irregular Force |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44220624 |journal=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research |volume=13 |issue=50 |pages=74–81 |jstor=44220624 |issn=0037-9700}}</ref> The Oudh Irregular Force was thus created on the lines of the [[Punjab Irregular Force]] and intended to relieve the two European corps ([[32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot|32nd Foot]] and Kaye's European Field Battery, Bengal Artillery) and the Regular Service regiments of the Bengal Army brought to support the annexation.<ref name=":0" />

The creation of an Irregular Force was also driven by the high cost of maintaining Regular regiments of the Bengal Army. A Regular Regiment which had a full complement of twenty-three European officers, though usually only 10 as the remaining were withdrawn for [[Staff (military)|staff duties]] or to Irregular Regiments. In contrast, an Irregular Cavalry Regiment would only require "three line and 1 medical officer, usually an Assistant Surgeon, the combatant officers were the Commandant, the second in command and the Adjutant."<ref name=":1" /> The sub-unit of an Irregular Regiment, called a ''Risala'' would consist of "four Officer grades and one [[Non-commissioned officer|NCO]] grade" and a ''Nishanbardar'' ([[standard-bearer]]) instead of "two Officer grades and two NCOs."<ref name=":1" /> Irregular cavalry troops were in October 1858 paid up to 20 Rupees a month in contrast to the 9-11 Rupees a month paid to Regular troops but were required to find their own mounts and equipment.<ref name=":1" />

The regiments of the unit were rapidly raised at [[Lucknow]], and equipped from [[Kanpur|Cawnpore]], almost entirely from the disbanded soldiers of the [[Nawab of Awadh]]. Sir [[Henry Daly]] of the [[Corps of Guides (India)]] was involved in raising the cavalry regiments. However, despite drawing from some of the most promising young officers in India, the regiments suffered from socio-economic and political problems.<ref name=":0" /> Regiments commanded by General John Hearsay and the Orr family along with those commanded by European and Anglo-Indian families supposedly had attained greater proficiency.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite thesis |title=The Eurasian problem in nineteenth century India |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13525/ |publisher=SOAS, University of London |date=2011 |degree=phd |doi=10.25501/soas.00013525 |language=en |first=Valerie E. R. |last=Anderson}}</ref>

The force began deploying to its stations at [[Faizabad|Fyzabad]], Durriabad, [[Salon, India|Salone]], [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpore]], [[Sitapur|Sitapore]], [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]], Secrora in early 1857.

== Indian Rebellion of 1857 ==
{{Main|Indian Rebellion of 1857}}

The officers of the Oudh Irregular Force remained convinced that they had the handle on their troops despite the spread of the rebellion across [[Meerut]], [[Delhi]] and the proclamation of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]] as the Emperor of India.

=== Sitapore ===
The 9th and 10th Oudh Irregular Infantry regiments were stationed along with the 41st Bengal Native Infantry and a [[military police]] battalion led Captain Hearsay, the son of Haider Hearsay, in [[Sitapur|Sitapore]]. The [[Lucknow]] mutineers were expected to march on Sitapore and a wing of the 41st Bengal Native Infantry was sent to oppose them. However, the regiment went off cheering though the wing that been sent out to oppose the mutineers returned under the command of Colonel Birch on 2 June 1857.<ref name=":0" />

Sitapore commissioner Christian, distrusting the 41st, assembled the Irregulars and the Military Police battalion around his own bungalow. On the morning of 3 June, there was an alarm that 10th Irregulars were about the attack the treasury which was being guarded by a company of the 41st. Colonel Birch hastily collected some of his men to guard the treasury. As he left, word was passed that the 41st had shot their colonel, another officer and the sergeant-major.<ref name=":0" />

The Irregular regiments heard the firing and within moments three officers of the 9th and two of the 10th, as well as a lady and a baby were killed. The rebelling soldiers poured into the commissioner's house, and set its thatched roof on fire. Commissioner Christian, his wife, and three-year-old daughter Sophie were among the twenty-four English men, women and children killed that morning. Most of the scattered survivors were captured over the coming weeks and executed in Lucknow though a few escaped to the [[Terai]] and [[Naini, Prayagraj|Naini]]. Two women and a child would make it to the British lines after wandering for three months.<ref name=":0" />

=== Fyzabad ===
On 7 June, civilian families were sent to protection of Rajah Man Singh, an influential local landowner. The families of the regimental officers were retained to avoid upsetting the troops.<ref name=":0" /> On 8 June, word spread that the 17th Native Infantry, which had mutinied in [[Azamgarh|Azimgarh]], was approaching [[Faizabad|Fyzabad]]. At 11PM that night, a bugle sounded in the lines of the 6th Irregulars. The 22nd Native Infantry seized the guns from the local troops and imprisoned their officers. On the morning of 9 June, these officers loaded into four boats on the [[Ghaghara|Gogra river]], and pushed off downstream along with their families.<ref name=":0" />

However, the 22nd had sent word 17th, which intercepted them at Begum-Ganj. Facing heavy fire, the boats made toward the opposite bank and the occupants attempted to flee to the countryside. Colonel Goldney was found and killed after saying that he was too old to take to the jungles. The survivors, joined by occupants of the fourth boat, eventually reached [[Gorakhpur|Gorrukpore]] and safety. The second boat got stuck in a sandbank and all occupants were killed. The third boat made it beyond Begum-Ganj, and only suffering a robbery, before reaching [[Dinapur Cantonment|Dinapur]].<ref name=":0" />

The families with Man Singh, and Colonel Lennox of the 22nd who had stayed behind with two or three ladies, eventually got to safety.<ref name=":0" />

=== Sultanpore ===
The 15th Bengal Irregular Cavalry, the 8th Oudh Irregulars, and the 1st Military Police were stationed in [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpore]]. All the families had been safely evacuated to [[Allahabad]]. Colonel Fisher of the 15th rode to the military police lines on 8 June to attempt to restore order. He was shot through the back, along with another officer, and mortally wounded on his way back but able to return to his own lines. Lieutenant Tucker was the only officer to escape to a Rajah's fort on the [[Gomti River]] where he was joined by the officers of the 8th and 1st Military Police. Unhampered by women and children, all were able to escape to [[Benares]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Salone ===
The 1st Oudh Irregulars at [[Salon, India|Salone]] also mutinied but released their officers to safely flee to [[Allahabad]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Durriabad ===
Captain Hawes of the 5th Irregular Infantry attempted to march his regiment along with its treasury into [[Lucknow]] from Durriabad. The march started in an orderly manner but soon fell into an altercation and began firing. Hawes was safely able to gallop into Lucknow along with other civilian and military officers of the regiment.<ref name=":0" />

=== Barraitch, Gonda and Secrora ===
The [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]] and Secrora cantonments were only occupied by regiments of the Oudh Irregular Force. The 3rd Irregular Infantry at Gonda mutinied on 9 June, forcing its civilian and military officers to flee to [[Gorakhpur|Gorruckpore]]. The Secrora cantonment was garrisoned by the 1st Irregular Cavalry regiment, the 2nd Irregular Infantry regiment and the 1st Field Battery. On 7 June, Sir [[Henry Montgomery Lawrence]] had ordered Captain Forbes of the 1st Irregular Cavalry, who believed he had some trustworthy Sikhs, to bring all families to Lucknow.<ref name=":0" />

The officers were assembled that night at the bungalow of Commissioner Wingfield, who had made for Gonda leaving behind the men under his command. The officers then made for Gonda, leaving behind Lieutenant Bonham, who slept with the guns and collected the staff-sergeants around him. The temper of his gunners turned overnight, the guns placed in the evening were withdrawn. Acting on the advice of a loyalist subedar, Bonham was able to safely reach Lucknow through a circuitous route with all but one sergeant, who had opted to remain behind with his Indian wife and was killed.<ref name=":0" />

=== Lucknow ===
{{Main|Siege of Lucknow}}
The Irregular corps in Lucknow mutinied along with the Regulars and by 10 June, all of the three cavalry regiments, ten infantry regiments and four batteries of the Oudh Irregular Force had rebelled.<ref name=":0" /> The 7th Oudh Irregular Infantry regiment, posted in Lucknow, was among the first to "show signs of disaffection" on 30 April regarding the use of the new cartridges for the [[Pattern 1853 Enfield]] rifle.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fraser |first=John |date=1982 |title=Captain Clifford Henry Mecham |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44230353 |journal=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research |volume=60 |issue=243 |pages=166–180 |jstor=44230353 |issn=0037-9700}}</ref> The men were convinced by the regiment's second-in-command, Lieutenant Mecham, who argued that the men had been using the cartridges without object since their adoption fifteen days ago.<ref name=":2" /> On 1 May, the sergeant-major of the unit reported that the [[sepoy]]s were again refusing to bite the cartridges. "By the morning 3 May, the men were threatening to kill all European officers who, warned in time by the quartermaster-sergeant, arrived and, after some time, persuaded the sepoys to return to their lines, although they still carried their arms."<ref name=":2" />

Sir [[Henry Montgomery Lawrence|Henry Lawrence]] now "brought a force consisting of the 32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot, a European artillery battery, three native infantry regiments and two native cavalry regiments while the men of the 7th Oudh Irregular were paraded."<ref name=":2" /> The men were disarmed by midnight, and 57 ringleaders were arrested. Lawrence held a Court of Inquiry and dismissed native officers and 15 sepoys and promoted 6. "The remainder were forgiven, but only 200 of them were re-armed. The ringleaders were kept in irons." On 27 May, Captain Gould Weston would lead one company of men from the 7th Oudh Irregulars to "quieten the increasing disturbances in [[Malihabad]]."<ref name=":2" /> The Irregular Cavalry would desert the company and Weston and Lt. Mecham mistrusting the soldiers who had been rebellious only days ago would turn back toward Lucknow in anticipation of its [[Siege of Lucknow|siege]].<ref name=":2" />

The [[Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders]], who were involved in the [[Capture of Lucknow]], captured the colours of an Oudh Irregular Regiment. The colours remain on display at the [[Cameron Barracks]] in [[Inverness]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGuffie |first=T. H. |date=1963 |title=Two Highland Regiments and Their Museums in 1962 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45426786 |journal=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research |pages=vii–viii |jstor=45426786 |issn=0037-9700}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Military of British India]]

Mularaja

2026-03-22T22:58:36Z

Svetlbwz: made new stub first draft

{{Short description|King of Gujarat from 941 to 996}}
{{for|the 12th century king|Mularaja II}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = King of Gujarat
| reign = {{circa|941|996}}
| predecessor = [[Samantasimha (Chahamana)|Sāmantasiṁha]] ([[Chavda dynasty]])
| successor = [[Chamundaraja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Chamundaraja]]
| dynasty = [[Chaulukya]]
| father =
}}
'''Mularaja''' ({{reign|941|996}}){{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=23}} was the king of Gujarat from 941 to 996 and the founder of the [[Chaulukya dynasty]]. Also known as the Chaulukyas of Gujarat or Solanki, this dynasty ruled parts of present-day [[Gujarat]]. Mularaja supplanted the last [[Chavda dynasty|Chavda king]], and founded an independent kingdom with his capital in [[Anahilapataka]] in 940–941.{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|2013|p=28–29}}

== Ancestry ==

The ''Kumarapala-Bhupala-Charita'' of Jayasimha Suri provides a legendary genealogy of Mularaja. It states that the mythical progenitor of the Chaulukya dynasty was Chulukya, a great warrior. He established his capital at Madhupadma, and the dynasty came to be known as the Chaulukyas after him. His successors included several kings including Simha-Vikrama and Hari-Vikrama. After 85 descendants of Hari-Vikrama came Rama. Bhata or Sahajarama, the son of Rama, defeated the [[Shakas]]. Bhata's son Dadakka defeated the Gaja kings of Pipasa. Dadakka's kingdom occupied by Kanchikavyala, who was succeeded by the king Raji. Mularaja was the son of Raji and his queen Liladevi.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=7}}{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=22}}

The Vadasma (Varunasarmaka) grant inscription of Mularaja's son [[Chamundaraja (Chaulukya dynasty)|Chamundaraja]] states that Mularaja was a descendant of one Vyalakanchi-Prabhu. This Vyalakanchi is probably same as the Kanchikavyala mentioned by Jayasimha Suri.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=21}} Based on this, historian Asoke Majumdar believes that Suri's legendary account seems to be at least partially accurate: Rama and his successors appear to be historical figures. It is possible that they were small princes of a place called Madhupadma. [[Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi|V. V. Mirashi]] speculated that this place might have been situated on the banks of the river Madhuveni (present-day Mahuwar), which is a tributary of [[Betwa River|Betwa]]. Majumdar, on the other hand, identifies it with modern [[Mathura]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=22}}

The 14th century chronicler [[Merutunga]] states that Mularaja was so named, because he was born under the auspices of the [[Mula (nakshatra)|Mula nakshatra]]. According to this legend, Raji (or Raja), Bija and Dandaka (or Dadakka) were three brothers. Raji's knowledge of horse-riding greatly impressed Samanta-simha, the [[Chapotkata]] (Chavda) king of [[Anahilapataka]]. He became a close friend of the king, and married Liladevi, the king's sister. Liladevi died while she was pregnant; her womb was cut open and the infant Mularaja was taken out.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=23}}

Three other chroniclers — Arisimha, Udayaprabha and Krishnaji — also describe Mularaja as the son of sister of the last Chapotkata ruler.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=23}}

== Ascension ==
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[[File:Kadi Copper plate of Mularaja I.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Kadi copper-plate of Mularaja I]]
In the mid-tenth century CE, Mularaja supplanted the last [[Chavda dynasty|Chavada]] (Chapotkata) king of [[Gujarat]] and established the Chaulukya or [[Chaulukya dynasty]].{{sfn|John E. Cort|1998|p=87}}

According to Merutunga's legend, Mularaja gained reputation as a warrior. His uncle Samanta-simha would often appoint him as the king when drunk, and depose him when he became sober. Mularaja, who was an ambitious man, was regularly disappointed in this way. One day, when a drunk Samanta-simha appointed him as the king, Mularaja killed his uncle, and became the permanent king. However, Merutunga's legend doesn't seem to be chronologically consistent: it claims that Samanta-simha ruled for 7 years. If Samanta-simha's sister married Raji during his reign, as the legend states, Mularaja would have been less than 7 years old at the time of Samanta-simha's death. This absurdity, coupled with other evidence, has prompted some scholars such as [[Georg Bühler]] to dismiss Merutunga's legend as unhistorical.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=23-24}}

One of Mularaja's own inscriptions states that he conquered the region watered by [[Saraswati River (Gujarat)|Sarasvati river]] with the strength of his arms. The [[Vadnagar]] ''prashasti'' inscription of his descendant [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] states that he took the Chapotkata princes captive. Bühler theorized that Mularaja was an outsider who captured Samanta-simha's kingdom. However, Asoke Majumdar proposed that he was indeed a relative of the king, based on the following facts: The Vadnagar inscription as well as the writings of [[Hemachandra]] suggest that Mularaja reduced the tax burden on the citizens. The inscription also states that he shared the wealth of the Chapotkata kings with his relatives, Brahmins, bards, and servants. Majumdar argues that if Mularaja had captured the Chapotkata kingdom with an army, he would not have felt the need to resort to such appeasement. Therefore, Majumdar theorizes that Mularaja indeed murdered his uncle and then consolidated power with 'soft' measures such as reduced tax burden and sharing of wealth.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=23-25}}

However, there is no doubt that Mularaja dethroned the Chapotkata king. One of Mularaja's own inscriptions states that he conquered the region watered by Sarasvati river with the strength of his arms. The [[Vadnagar]] ''prashasti'' inscription of his descendant [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] states that he took the Chapotkata princes captive, took their fortune for his own enjoyment, and became popular among his subjects because of excessively light taxation.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=24}}

According to the later Chaulukya court poet [[Someshvara (13th-century poet)|Someshvara]]'s ''Surathotsava Mahakavya'', Mularaja appointed Someshvara's ancestor Sola-sharman as the royal priest (''purohita''), and Sola-sharman performed several [[yajna|ritual sacrifices]].<ref>{{cite book |author=B.J. Sandesara |author-link=Bhogilal Sandesara |title=Literary Circle of Mahāmātya Vastupāla and its Contribution to Sanskrit Literature |series=Singhi Jain Series |year=1953 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tljAAAAMAAJ |pages=44–45 }}</ref> According to Bühler, such changes to the royal household would have not happened, if Mularaja had ascended the throne by the right of succession after the death of the last Chapotkata king. Therefore, Bühler theorized that Mularaja was an outsider who captured Samanta-simha's kingdom.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=24}} However, historian Asoke Majumdar proposed that he was indeed a relative of the king, based on the following facts: The Vadnagar inscription as well as the writings of [[Hemachandra]] suggest that Mularaja reduced the tax burden on the citizens. The inscription also states that he shared the wealth of the Chapotkata kings with his relatives, Brahmins, bards, and servants. Majumdar argues that if Mularaja had captured the Chapotkata kingdom with an army, he would not have felt the need to resort to such appeasement. Therefore, Majumdar theorizes that Mularaja indeed murdered his uncle and then consolidated power with 'soft' measures such as reduced tax burden and sharing of wealth.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=23-25}}

== Military conflicts ==

At the time of his ascension, Mūlarāja's kingdom was probably limited to the territory called Sarasvata-''mandala'', which included present-day [[Mehsana]], [[Radhanpur]], and [[Palanpur]]. By the end of his reign, his kingdom extended from [[Mount Abu]] in the north to [[Lata (region)|Lata region]] in the south.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=25}}

=== War against Grāharipu and Lakṣa ===
{{Main|Battle of Jambumali river}}
[[Hemachandra|Hemacandra]]'s writings state that Mūlarāja defeated [[Graharipu|Grāharipu]], the [[Chudasama dynasty|Chudasama]] king of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.325016 |title=Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iii Itihasni Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iv Solanki |last=Shastri |first=Hariprasadji |date=1976 |pages=163–165}}</ref> However, no other Chaulukya-era accounts mention this victory. According to Hemacandra, one night, the god [[Shiva|Mahādeva]] appeared in Mūlarāja's dream, and ordered him to vanquish Grāharipu. In the morning, Mūlarāja consulted his ministers Jambaka and Jehula, as he was apprehensive of causing troubles to the pilgrims who visited [[Prabhas Patan|Prabhasa]] in Saurashtra. According to Hemacandra's commentator Abhayatilaka Gaṇi, Jambaka was his Mahāmantrin (chief minister) while Jehula, the Rānaka of Khairalu (now [[Kheralu]]), was his Mahāpradhāna (prime minister).{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=25-26, 228}} Jehula told Mūlarāja that Graharipu was a tyrant who tortured pilgrims and indulged in vices such as eating flesh, drinking wine and hunting deer on Mt. Ujjayanta. Jambaka described Grāharipu as a very strong king, and declared that only Mularaja was capable of defeating him. Both the ministers urged Mularaja to attack Graharipu.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=25}}

Mūlarāja launched a campaign against Graharipu on the day of [[Vijayadashami|Vijayādaśamī]]. When the Chalukya army reached the Jambumāli forest, Grāharipu attempted a peaceful resolution by sending his messenger, who asked Mūlarāja to retreat, stating that there was no enmity between the two kings. However, Mūlarāja refused to do so, declaring that Mularaja was a despicable person whose vices could be attributed to he being the son of a [[mlechchha|''mleccha'']] woma. When Mularaja continued his march, Graharipu started his war preparations.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=26}} His allies included Medas ([[Bhils|Bhillas]] according to Abhayatilaka-Gaṇi), his friend Lakṣa (who had freed [[Kutch district|Kaccha]] from the [[Turkic peoples|Turuṣka]]s), and a king named Sindhurāja. After the war began, he was joined by a mlechchha chief (a Turuṣka, according to Abhayatilaka-Gaṇi).{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=26}}

Mūlarāja was supported by the kings Mahitrāta, Śailaprastha, Revatimitra, Gaṅgamaha of Gaṅgadvāra and his brother Gaṅgāmahā. The [[Paramara dynasty|Paramāra]] king of [[Mount Abu|Abu]], who lived at [[Bhinmal|Śrīmāla]], also joined him. In addition, Mularaja was supported by the Bhillas and the Kauravas. After the battle began, several others including the king of Saptakāśī and a number of Gujarati soldiers, joined him.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=26}}

Most of the allies named by Hemacandra appear to be fictional, but Lakṣa appears to be a historical personage, as he has been mentioned in several other chronicles including ''Kīrti-Kaumudī'', ''Vasanta-Vilāsa'', and ''Sukṛta-Saṅkīrtana''. He may be same as Lākhā Phulāni, whom the [[Jadeja|Jāḍejā]] princes of [[Kutch State|Kutch]] count among their ancestors, and whom the bardic chronicles variously date between 841 and 1144 CE.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=27, 424-425}}

The battle took place on the river Jambumāli (identified as [[Bhogavo River]] in Saurashtra; a village named Jambu near Limbdi is located on the banks of this river). The battle continued for two days indecisively. On third day, Mūlarāja entered battle on an elephant and Grāharipu mounted on his elephant in rage. Mūlarāja overpowered Grāharipu in a [[single combat]] and throw him down from his elephant, and had him tied up with ropes.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=26}}

Lakṣa, wearing white clothes, rushed in and abused Mūlarāja calling him Mula.<ref name="IAMJV">{{Cite book |last=Parikh |first=Rasiklal C. |author-link=Rasiklal Parikh |year=1938 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.3740 |title=Kavyanushasana by Acharya Hemachandra |publisher=Shri Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya |volume=II. Part I |location=Bombay |pages=CXXIII-CXXVI |chapter=Introduction}}</ref> He asked Mūlarāja to release Grāharipu, but Mūlarāja refused to comply, on the grounds that the captive was a [[cow in Hinduism|beef-eater]]. This led to another single combat, in which Mūlarāja killed Lakṣa with a spear. The men of Sauraṣṭra then made a submission before Mūlarāja, dressed as women. The king then released the prisoners and visited the holy [[Prabhas Patan|Prabhāsa]] city in Saurashtra.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=27}}

The fight between Mūlarāja and Lakṣa has also been mentioned by the 14th century writer Merutuṅga in ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani|Prabandha-Cintamaṇi]]''. According to this version, Lakṣa (or Lākhā) was the son of Phulaḍa, who was a [[beef cattle|meat-herd]]. Phulada married Kāmalatā, a daughter of Paramāra king Kīrtirāja. Lakṣa repulsed Mularaja's attacks 11 times. However, in their 12th fight, Mularaja besieged his fort Kapilkot (now [[Kera, Kutch]]), killed him, and trod him on his beard. Enraged by his insulting action, Laksha's mother cursed Mularaja's family to be afflicted with [[leprosy]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=27}} A similar account is also given in ''Kumarapalacharita''.<ref name="BG1">{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |year=1896 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280094 |title=Gazetteer Of The Bombay Presidency: History of Gujarat |publisher=The Government Central Press |volume=I. Part I |location=Bombay |pages=159–160}}</ref>

Historian Asoke Majumdar theorizes that Mularaja attacked Graharipu on "some flimsy pretext", as Mahadeva's-order-in-a-dream was a popular device used by Sanskrit authors to justify the otherwise inexcusable actions of their heroes. Mularaja's descendants fought against the kings of Kachchha and Saurashtra, so it appears that he managed to annex some parts of these kingdoms, but could not completely subjugate them.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=27-28}}

=== Conflict with Vigraharaja II and Bārapa ===

Merutuṅga states that Mūlarāja once faced simultaneous invasions at the northern and southern frontiers of his kingdom. The northern invader was the king of Sapādalakṣa, who can be identified as the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Śākambharī Cāhamāna]] ruler [[Vigraharaja II|Vigraharāja II]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=28}} This invasion finds a mention in the later Chahamana accounts, but is not mentioned in Vigraharaja's 973 CE inscription, so it must have happened sometime after 973 CE.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=30}} The southern invader was the [[Chalukyas of Lata|Lata Chalukya]] ruler Bārapa,{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=28}} a vassal of the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] ruler [[Tailapa II]].{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=30}}

According to Merutuṅga, Mūlarāja's ministers advised him to take shelter in the [[Kanthkot Fort|Kanthā-durga]] fort until [[Navaratri|Navarātri]], when Vigraharāja would depart to perform the traditional worship of his family deity, and then attack Bārapa. Mūlarāja agreed to this suggestion, but unexpectedly, Vigraharāja did not depart on Navaratri. Mūlarāja then collected a large number of soldiers from different parts of his kingdom, and led an army to the Cāhamāna camp. He managed to enter the royal pavilion of Vigraharāja, who, after a short conversation, was impressed with his bravery.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=28}} Mūlarāja asked Vigraharāja not to attack him while he was engaged in a war with Bārapa, and the Cāhamāna agreed to the demand.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=30}} Vigraharāja also promised to maintain friendly relations with Mūlarāja, who subsequently attacked and killed Bārapa.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=28}}

''[[Prithviraja Vijaya|Pṛthvīrāja Vijaya]]'', which was composed under Cāhamāna patronage, states that Vigraharāja forced Mūlarāja to take shelter in Kanthā-durga, and advanced as far as Bhṛgukaccha (modern [[Bharuch]]), where he built a temple dedicated to the goddess [[Ashapura Mata|Aśapuri]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=28}}

It is hard to determine the historical truth from these different accounts. Historian R. B. Singh theorizes that Mūlarāja ceded a part of his territory to the Cāhamānas.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=120}} Historian [[Dasharatha Sharma]] also believes that the conflict ended with some advantage for Vigraharāja, who allied with Bārapa and helped him achieve independence.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|pp=30-32}} Historian Asoke Kumar Majumdar theorizes that Mūlarāja may have paid Vigraharāja money to win him over, and the two kings may have then jointly marched up to Bhṛgukaccha against Bārapa.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=28}}

== Religion ==

The Jain authors present Mularaja as fully involved in [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] and [[Brahmanism|Brahmanical]] notions of kingship, while at the same time extensively supporting the Jains as a matter of royal policy.{{sfn|John E. Cort|1998|p=86}} Although he was a [[Shaivism|Shaivaite]], he built Mulavasatika (Mula's residence) temple for [[Digambara]]s and the Mulanatha-jinadeva (the Jina who is Mula's lord) temple for the [[Śvetāmbara]]s.{{sfn|John E. Cort|1998|p=87}}

''Surathotsava'' of ''Someshvara'', a thirteenth century Brahmana, describes Mularaja being consecrated as king through the performance of a Vedic ''Vajapeya'' sacrifice.{{sfn|John E. Cort|1998|p=87}}

===Temples===
The original [[Rudra Mahalaya Temple]] at Shristhala (now [[Siddhpur]]) is ascribed to him traditionally. According to Kadi copperplate grant, Rudra Mahalaya was already there in 987 CE. He had constructed Munjaladevaswami and Tripurushaprasada temples in Anahilapataka (now Patan). He had also built Mulnarayana-prasada at Siddhpur. The Mulavasahika Jain temple is ascribed to him. Jinaprabha mentions the temple of Mulanathjinadeva which is probably same as Munjaladevaswami. In 954 CE, Minister Kunkana built a Jain temple at Chandravati which was consecrated by Sarvadevasuri. The Mulavastika temple in Patan constructed by Mularaja is also mentioned in an Digambara Jain inscription dated Samvat 1250s of [[Bhima II]] rule. Merutunga's ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'' mentions building of Muleshwara temple at Mandali (now [[Mandal, Gujarat|Mandal]]) which is the same as Mulanathadeva temple mentioned in Kadi copperplate grants. This is last temple built before 987 CE.<ref name="Dhaky1961">{{cite journal|first=Madhusudan A.|last=Dhaky|author-link=Madhusudan Dhaky|year=1961|editor-last=Deva|editor-first=Krishna|title=The Chronology of the Solanki Temples of Gujarat|url=http://vmis.in/Resources/digital_publication_popup?id=136#page/22|journal=Journal of the Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|location=[[Bhopal]]|volume=3|pages=20–23, 73}}</ref>

After defeating Graharipu, he had probably rebuilt large temple at [[Somnath]]. [[Hariprasad Shastri|H. P. Shastri]] and [[Madhusudan Dhaky|M. A. Dhaky]] had concluded this based on paleographic and stylistic evidences. He had settled Brahmans in [[Vadnagar]] migrated from North India. He probably had built Hatakeshwara temple for them but the original temple is obscured following major renovation in 19th century.<ref name="Dhaky1961"/>

Muni Bawa Temple near [[Thangadh]] is an extant temple of this period. The older part of Adinath temple at Vadnagar and ruins of Khokhra-dera at [[Kanthkot]] were built during later period of his reign. The temple of Harishchandra-ni-Chori in [[Shamlaji]] also belongs to this period.<ref name="Dhaky1961"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150}}
* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |editor=John E. Cort |editor-link=John E. Cort |title=Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoHfm7BgqTgC |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |date=1998 |isbn=0-7914-3785-X}}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |date=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4}}
{{refend}}

{{Chaulukya dynasty}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:10th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Chaulukya dynasty]]
[[Category:Chaulukya kings]]

Bhima II

2026-03-22T22:58:24Z

Svetlbwz: Pg!

{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = Abhinava-Siddharaja Saptama-Chakravarti Bala-Narayana
| succession = King of Gujarat
| reign = 1178–1240
| predecessor = [[Mularaja II]]
| successor = [[Tribhuvanapala]]
| spouse = Liladevi and Sumaladevi
| house = [[Chaulukya]] (Solanki)
| house-type =
| father =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

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'''Bhima II''' (r. 1178–1240), also known as '''Bhola Bhima''', was an Indian king from the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya (Solanki) dynasty]] who ruled present-day [[Gujarat]] and other territories. During his reign, the dynasty's power declined greatly as a result of rebellions by the feudatories as well as external invasions by the [[Ghurid]]s, the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s, and the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]]. The kingdom, however, was saved by his generals Arnoraja, Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala, whose family established the [[Vaghela dynasty]].

== Early life ==

Bhima II, also known as Bhima-deva,{{sfn|Romila Thapar|2008|pp=86-87}} was a son of the Chaulukya king [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]]. He succeeded his brother [[Mularaja II]] at a young age.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=138}} Taking advantage of his young age, some of his ''mandalika''s (provincial governors) rebelled against him in order to establish independent states. His loyal feudatory Arnoraja came to his rescue, and died fighting the rebels. Arnoraja's descendants Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala became powerful during Bhima's reign, and ultimately established the sovereign [[Vaghela dynasty]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=139}}

== Conflicts ==

=== Hoysalas ===

The [[Hoysala]] inscriptions claim that [[Veera Ballala II]] defeated the [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]] king (that is, Bhima), who had allied with other kings to unsuccessfully attack him. However, the historical accuracy of this claim is doubtful. It is possible that the Hoysalas raided the [[Lata (region)|Lata]] region in the Chaulukya territory.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=140}}

=== Yadavas of Devagiri: Bhillama ===

The [[Yadavas of Devagiri]] invaded Gujarat during Bhima's reign. The 1189 CE Mutgi inscription of the Yadava king [[Bhillama V]] states that he defeated the Gurjaras (that is, Chaulukyas of Gujarat). The [[Sundha Mata Temple|Sundha Hill]] inscription states that Bhillama was defeated by the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana]] ruler [[Kelhana]], who was the northern feudatory of Bhima. It is possible that Bhillama advanced up to the Naddula kingdom after defeating Bhima. Another possibility is that Kelhana marched southwards in Bhima's support.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=140}}

=== Chahamanas of Shakambhari ===

During Bhima's reign, the Chaulukyas also had to fight with the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]. The legendary text ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' states that these kings fought two battles, one near [[Nagaur]], and another near [[Mount Abu]]. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Bhima's general Jagaddeva Pratihara was defeated in a battle against Prithviraja.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=141}}

A later recension of ''Prithviraja Raso'' contains an inaccurate legend, according to which Bhima killed Prithviraja's father [[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]], and Prithviraja later killed Bhima. This cannot be correct, because Bhima lived for nearly half a century after Prithviraja's death.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=141}}

The Chahamanas and the Chalukyas appear to have concluded a peace treaty sometime before 1187 CE. According to the ''[[Kharatara Gaccha|Kharatara-gachchha]] [[Pattavali]]'', that year, Bhima's general Jagaddeva warned a chief named Abhayadeva not to harass pilgrims from Sapadalaksha (the Chahamana territory). He told the chief that he had just concluded a peace treaty with Prithviraja, with great difficulty.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=141}}

=== Ghurids ===
{{Main|Battle of Kasahrada (1197)}}
In 1178 CE, the [[Ghurid]] king [[Muhammad of Ghor]] invaded the Chaulukya kingdom, but was defeated. This battle took place during the reign of Bhima's predecessor [[Mularaja II]], although some Muslim chronicles wrongly assign it to Bhima's reign.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=133}}

In the mid-1190s CE, the Ghurids defeated the Chahamanas and other [[Hindu king]]s of northern India. According to the medieval Muslim historians, in 1197 CE, the Ghurid general [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]] marched to Nahrwala (that is, the Chalukya capital [[Anahilapataka]]). He defeated the Chaulukya army on 4 February 1197 CE. The 13th century Muslim historian [[Hasan Nizami]] boasts that the Chaulukyas lost 50,000 men in this battle. The 16th century chronicler [[Firishta]] gives the numbers as 15,000 killed and 20,000 captured.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}}

According to the Muslim chronicles, the Chaulukya army was led by Rai Karan, Wallan and Darabaras in this battle.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}} Darabaras can be identified with Dharavarsha, the Paramara chief of Abu, who was a feudatory of Bhima. Wallan is probably a corruption of Pahlan, which itself is a corruption of Prahaladana (the brother of Dharavarsha). The identification of Rai Karan is not certain. Some scholars have identified him with [[Kirtipala]], a ruler of the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Javalipura Chahamana]] branch. However, this identification is not tenable on chronological grounds.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=144}} [[D. R. Bhandarkar]] identified Rai Karan as the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana]] ruler Kelhana, but this is also chronologically incorrect, as Kelhana died around 1193 CE.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|pp=260-261}} R. B. Singh identified him as Kelhana's successor Jayatasimha.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=263}} According to the Muslim historians, Rai Karan managed to escape after the battle.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}}

The Ghurids then entered Anahilapataka, and plundered the town. This sacking of Anahliapataka was witnessed by the Jain scholar Jinapati Suri in 1197 CE. According to Firishta, Qutb al-Din appointed a governor in the Chaulukya capital before leaving for [[Ajmer]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}} Subsequently, the Chaulukyas restored their power in Gujarat, but there is very little information about how this happened. There are some references to Bhima's generals Lavanaprasada and Shridhara having achieved military successes against the Ghurids (called "Turushka" and "Hammira"). It is known that Bhima was in control of Anahilapataka by 1201 CE.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=145-146}}

=== Paramaras: Subhatavarman ===

The [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s of [[Malwa]], who had once lost their kingdom to the Chaulukyas, had managed to regain their power by the end of the 12th century. Meanwhile, the Chaulukyas had been weakened by the Ghurid attacks. Taking advantage of this situation, the Paramara king [[Subhatavarman]] successfully invaded the [[Lata (region)|Lata]] region around 1204 CE. He probably also sacked the Chaulukya capital Anahilapataka.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=146}}

The 14th century writer Merutunga claims that the Paramara king retreated from the Gujarat border after Bhima's minister recited a verse warning him of reprisals. But this is not supported by historical evidence. According to the Gujarat chronicles, Subhatavarman occupied Darbhavati (present-day [[Dabhoi]]) for some time.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=147}} [[Muhammad Aufi]], in his ''[[Jawami ul-Hikayat]]'', states that the Paramara king plundered cities of Gujarat; Hindu temples as well as places of worship of other religious communities were affected.{{sfn|Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi|2010|p=91|ps=: Neither Hindu temples nor the places of worship of other communities were spared.}} Subhatavarman is believed to have destroyed a mosque in [[Khambat]], built for the [[Indian Ocean trade|Arab traders]].{{sfn|Romila Thapar|2008|p=225}} According to the poet Arisimha, he also removed the gold [[kalasha|pitchers]] from the Vaidyanatha temple of Darbhavati.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=147}}

The Chaulukya general Shridhara repulsed Subhatavarman's attack. His Devapattana ''[[prashasti]]'' inscription suggests that he successfully defended his fort (near [[Somnath Temple|Somnath]]) against a Paramara siege.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=147}} The Chaulukya general Lavanaprasada probably forced Subhatavarman to abandon his campaign. His Dabhoi ''prashasti'' inscription, composed by the poet [[Someshvara (13th-century poet)|Someshvara]], states that he was like a repository of medicine against the disease-resembling invaders, which included the ruler of [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]] (the Paramara capital). Another poet Balachandra names Lavanaprasada's adversary as Sribhata of Malwa, who has been identified as Subhatavarman.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=148}}

=== Usurpation by Jayantasimha ===

Sometime during 1205-1210 CE, an usurper named Jayanta-Simha (Jayasimha) occupied Bhima's capital, [[Anahilapataka]]. Bhima managed to drive him out only during 1223-1226 CE. Jayantasimha was a part of the Chaulukya family, and traced his ancestry to the dynasty's founder [[Mularaja]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=160-161}}

=== Paramaras: Arjunavarman ===

The usurper Jayanta-Simha was defeated by [[Arjunavarman]], the son and successor of Subhatavarman. Like his father, Arjunavarman also invaded Gujarat sometime before 1211 CE. Merutunga calls him the "destroyer of Gujarat". A [[Bhopal]] inscription indicates that he had reached [[Bharuch]] by 1213 CE. The Dhar ''prashasti'' inscription states that he defeated Jayanta-Simha in the Parva mountain valley (possibly [[Pavagadh]]). It also states that Arjuna captured Jayanta's daughter Jayashri, and fell in love with her. According to historian A. K. Majumdar, this suggests that Jayanta made peace with the Paramaras through a marriage alliance.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=148}}

=== Yadavas of Devagiri: Simhana ===

The [[Lata (region)|Lata]] (southern Gujarat) region was repeatedly attacked by the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s and the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]] during Bhima's reign. It came under the control of a chief named Simha, who was initially allied to the Paramaras. A 1200 CE inscription of the Yadava king [[Jaitugi]] states that he defeated the Gurjaras, which probably refers to his invasion of Lata. The Paramaras abandoned Simha during the Yadava invasion, so he turned to the Chaulukyas for help. During his 1213 CE invasion, the Paramara king Arjunavarman may have replaced Simha with the latter's nephew Shankha (alias Sangrama-Simha). Shankha repulsed a Yadava invasion of the region.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=149-150}}

Jaitugi's son [[Simhana]] invaded Gujarat multiple times. In an inscription, his general Kholeshvara claims to have humbled the pride of the Gurjaras. The first invasion of Simhana probably took place around 1229 CE. According to the Chaulukya accounts, Lavanaprasada concluded a peace treaty with Simhana, because he needed to visit [[Marwar]] to quell a rebellion. It appears that Lavanaprasada sent an army under his son Viradhavala to raid the Yadava territory, because of which Simhana was forced to agree to a peace treaty.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=149-152}}

After Lavanaprasada departed to Marwar, Shankha attacked [[Khambhat]], but was defeated by the Chaulukya general [[Vastupala]]. Shankha then tried to instigate Simhana to launch a fresh attack on Gujarat. According to the Chaulukya accounts, the Chaulukya spies created a rift between the Shankha and Simhana. Shankha ultimately submitted to the Chaulukya general Viradhavala.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=149}}

The Chaulukyas were in control of the Lata region by 1231-1232 CE, when it was being governed by Lavanaprasada's grandson Visaladeva. Around 1237 CE, Simhana sent another army under Kholeshvara's son Rama to attack Gujarat. Visaladeva repulsed this attack, and Rama was killed in a battle fought on the banks of the [[Narmada River]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=149-153}}

=== Rebellion in the north ===

The Chaulukya feudatories in the northern region of [[Marwar]] rebelled twice during Bhima's reign, and both times, Bhima's army was facing the Yadava invasions from the south. The first rebellion involved four feudatories, who were subdued by Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=155}} The second rebellion involved three feudatories: Udayasimha (probably [[Udayasimha]], the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Chahamana]] chief of [[Jalore|Javalipura]]), Somasimha and Dharavarsha (Paramara chief of Abu).{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=155-156}}

The [[Guhilas of Medapata]] (Guhilots of [[Mewar]]) also rebelled against Bhima sometime between 1207 and 1227 CE, and declared their independence.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=156}}

=== Pithadeva's invasion of Kutch ===

According to the medieval text ''Jagadu-Charita'', Pithadeva of Para invaded the [[Kutch district|Kutch]] region during Bhima's reign. A merchant named [[Jagadu]] sought help from Lavanaprasada, who dispatched an army that defeated Pithadeva. The identity of Pithadeva is not certain, but he was probably a [[Soomra dynasty|Soomra]] ruler of [[Nagarparkar]], who is variously called Pithu, Pahtu or Phatu by the Muslim chroniclers.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=160}}

== Personal life ==
Two queens of Bhima are known: Liladevi and Sumaladevi.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=167}} Liladevi was the daughter of [[Samarasimha|Samara-Simha]], the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Chahamana]] ruler of [[Jalore|Javalipura]], as attested by the 1205 [[Kadi, India|Kadi]] inscription.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=11}}

According to the medieval chronicles, Bhima was a charitable person. He assumed the titles ''Abhinava-Siddharaja'', ''Saptama-Chakravarti'' and ''Bala-Narayana''.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=167}}

==Temples==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Navlakha arial view 02.jpg|[[Navlakha Temple, Ghumli]]
File:Harshad Temple (On Hill).jpg|Harshad Mata Temple on hill near Miani
File:Temple of Rama Laxman, View from sea side.jpg|[[Rama Lakshamana Temple, Baradia]]
File:Rukmini Devi Temple.JPG|[[Rukmini Devi Temple]], Dwarka
File:Bawka.jpg|[[Shiva Temple, Bavka]], Panchmahal
</gallery>
The temple construction activity had declined significantly during his time. According to two inscriptions, he built a ''mandapa'' called Meghanada or Meghadhvani in front of [[Somnath temple|Somnath]] in 1217 CE. The temples of Bhimeshwara and Lileshwara were built by him in 1207 CE for the merits of his queen Lilavati at Lilapura, a town founded after her name. Lavanaprasada founded Salakshanapura, named after her mother, in Gambhuta district and built Analeshwara and Salakshaneshwara temples. His other queen Sumaladevi, daughter of Lavanaprasada, also built Sumaleshwara sometime before 1239 CE according to the Chusadi grant. Prahladana, brother of Paramara Dharavarsha of Abu, founded Prahladanapur ([[Palanpur]]) in 1218 and built Prahladana-vihara dedicated to Pallaviya [[Parshwanatha]]. Tripurantaka, a Shaivaite abbot built five temples at Somnath.<ref name="Dhaky1961">{{cite journal|first=Madhusudan A.|last=Dhaky|author-link=Madhusudan Dhaky|year=1961|editor-last=Deva|editor-first=Krishna|title=The Chronology of the Solanki Temples of Gujarat|url=http://vmis.in/Resources/digital_publication_popup?id=136#page/68|journal=Journal of the Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|location=[[Bhopal]]|volume=3|pages=62–66, 80–81}}</ref>

The extant temples of his period include Nilkantha Mahadeva Temple (1204 CE) at Miani, Harshad Mata temple on the hill opposite creek near Miani, the temple complex of Muladwarka at Visavada. The [[Navlakha Temple, Ghumli|Navlakha Temple]] of Ghumli is the best surviving example. Other temples include [[Rama Lakshamana Temple, Baradia|Rama Lakshamana Temple at Baradia]] in Okhamandal, [[Rukmini Devi Temple|Rukmini Temple in Dwarka]] and the ruined [[Shiva Temple, Bavka|Shiva temple of Bavka]] in [[Dahod district]]. The ''mandapa'' was added to Vaidyanath Mahadeva temple at [[Vadali, Gujarat|Vadali]]. The surviving ''mandapa'' of Parshwanatha temple at Ghumli is contemporary of Navlakha Temple. The ruined Cheleshwar temple on the hills there is also of this period.<ref name="Dhaky1961"/> The Vikia and Jetha stepwells near Navlakha Temple, Ghumli belonged to the 13th century. The Gyan stepwell near Visavada village in the Barda hills is ascribed to the time of Bhima II. The ruined stepwell of nearby Keshav village is of the same period.{{sfn | The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective | 1981 |page=22}}

== Last days ==

Bhima's general Lavanaprasada and his son Viradhavala established the [[Vaghela dynasty]], which replaced the Chaulukyas in Gujarat some years after Bhima's death. According to the poet Someshvara, the goddess Gurjara-raja-lakshmi appeared in Lavanaprasada's dream, and ordered him to save the kingdom that had been decaying under the inexperienced king Bhima. Someshvara himself convinced Lavanaprasada to obey the divine order to save his motherland.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=161}} Another poet Arisimha claims that the deceased Chaulukya king [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] appeared in Bhima's dream, and advised the young king to appoint Lavanaprasada as ''Sarveshvara'' (chief lord) and Viradhavala as ''yuvaraja'' ([[heir apparent]]), in order to propagate the [[Jainism|Jain faith]]. Yet another writer Udayaprabha claims that Bhima himself entrusted his kingdom to Lavanaprasada, because Lavanaprasada's father Arnoraja had made him the king by defeating the rebellious feudatories.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=162}}

Of all these writers, Someshvara was the most knowledgeable about the contemporary affairs. The "divine-order-in-a-dream" was a favourite device of the contemporary poets to justify the reprehensible actions of their patrons. Therefore, it appears that Lavanaprasada usurped the power from Bhima.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=162-163}} By 1231 CE (1288 [[Vikram Samvat|VS]]), Lavanaprasada had assumed the title ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]'' ("king of great kings") and Viradhavala was called a ''[[Maharaja]]'' ("great king"), as attested by multiple [[Girnar]] inscriptions. However, the two continued to nominally acknowledge Bhima (and his successor [[Tribhuvanapala]]) as their overlord.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=163-164}}

==In popular culture==
* 2006–2009: ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', broadcast by [[Star Plus]], where Bhima was portrayed by [[Chetan Hansraj]].

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |year=1979 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |oclc=12737199 }}
* {{cite book |author=Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi |title=Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJbmTL8svpwC&pg=PA91 |year=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-81-908918-0-6 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}
* {{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |title=Somanatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&pg=PA225 |year=2008 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306468-8 }}
* {{cite book|author=Jutta Jain-Neubauer|title=The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61fSwBF4bbYC|year=1981|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-391-02284-3|pages=19–24| ref={{sfnref | The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective| 1981}}}}
{{refend}}

{{Chaulukya dynasty}}

[[Category:Chaulukya kings]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Chaulukya dynasty]]

Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)

2026-03-22T12:30:13Z

Svetlbwz: Added some stub added tags.

{{short description|Sequence of major events in ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in India}}
{{very long|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in India}}
The following is the timeline of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]] from January 2020 through May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science |url=https://www.science.org/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=AAAS |language=en |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adk2070 |pmc=11259167 |pmid=39028821}}</ref>

[[File:COVID-19 India Total Cases Animated Map.gif|thumb|Timeline of the pandemic spread across India (30 January 2020 to 3 April 2020)]]
{{TOC limit|2}}

{{clear}}
{{multiple image
| align = left
| caption_align = center
| width = 400
| footer =
| image1 = COVID-19-Pandemie - IN (Indien) - Infizierte (800px).svg
| alt1 = Cases
| caption1 = Cases
| image2 = COVID-19-Pandemie - IN (Indien) - Tote (800px).svg
| alt2 = Deaths
| caption2 = Deaths
}}
{{clear}}

== January ==
{{COVID-19 pandemic interactive maps/India
|data-template = Template:COVID-19 pandemic interactive maps/India/India cases by region
|legend-title = Cases
|domain-upper-value = 5e5
|float = right
}}
{{Sidebar timeline
| title = Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in India till February

| years1 = '''27 January'''
| color1 = red 
| events1 = First confirmed case

| years2 = '''1 February'''
| color2 = brown 
| events2 = First airlift from Wuhan, China

| years3 = '''27 February'''
| color3 = brown
| events3 = Final airlift from Wuhan, China (Total of 759 Indians and 43 foreign nationals) airlift from Japan (119 Indians and 5 foreign nationals)

}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Timeline of COVID-19 Pandemic in India in January 2020
!Date
!Description
!References
|-
|27 January 2020
|The first case in India was confirmed in Kerala's Thrissur district in a student who had returned for a vacation from Wuhan University in China
|<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-tracking-country-s-first-50-covid-19-cases-what-numbers-tell-1654468-2020-03-12|title=Coronavirus in India: Tracking country's first 50 COVID-19 cases; what numbers tell|last1=Rawat|first1=Mukesh|date=12 March 2020|website=India Today|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
|}

== February ==
*'''On 2 February,''' the second case was reported in [[Kerala]]'s [[Alappuzha district]] in a student who had returned from [[Wuhan]], China.<ref name=":1" />
*'''On 3 February,''' the third case was reported in [[Kerala]]'s [[Kasaragod district]] in a student who had returned from [[Wuhan]], China.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2020-02-14-kerala-defeats-coronavirus-indias-three-covid-19-patients-successfully|title=Kerala Defeats Coronavirus; India's Three COVID-19 Patients Successfully Recover|website=The Weather Channel|access-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218172552/https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2020-02-14-kerala-defeats-coronavirus-indias-three-covid-19-patients-successfully|archive-date=18 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

==March==
{{Sidebar timeline
| title = Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in India in March

| years1 =
| color1 =
| events1 =

| years2 = '''6 March'''
| color2 = blue
| events2 = International passenger screenings at airports

| years3 = '''10 March'''
| color3 = brown
| events3 = First airlift from Iran

| years4 = '''11 March'''
| color4 = brown
| events4 = First airlift from Italy

| years5 = '''12 March'''
| color5 = black 
| events5 = First confirmed death

| years6 = '''13 March'''
| color6 = blue
| events6 = Suspension of non-essential traveller visas

| years7 = '''15 March'''
| color7 = red
| events7 = 100 confirmed cases

| years8 = '''16 March'''
| color8 = brown
| events8 = Passenger land border crossing suspended

| years9 = '''22 March'''
| color9 = brown
| events9 = One day Janta Curfew Passenger air travel suspended till further notice

| years10 = '''22 March'''
| color10 = brown
| events10 = Final airlift from Italy (Total of 564 Indians), India observed a 14-hour curfew

| years11 = '''25 March'''
| color11 = brown
| events11 = Nationwide lock-down imposed till 14 April

| years12 = '''28 March'''
| color12 = red
| events12 = 1,000 confirmed cases

| years13 = '''29 March'''
| color13 = brown
| events13 = Final airlift from Iran (Total of 764 Indians)

| years14 = '''30 March'''
| color14 = green 
| events14 = 100 confirmed recoveries

| years15 = '''31 March'''
| color15 = red
| events15 = Cluster identified: Delhi religious congregation event – ''Tablighi Jamaat''

}}

=== 1–2 March===
[[File:Healthcare workers wearing PPE 03.jpg|thumb|Healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment for caregiving for a patient with coronavirus infection in a government hospital in Kerala.]]
*'''On 2 March,''' the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Health Ministry]] reported two more cases: a 45-year-old man in Delhi who had travelled back from Italy and a 24-year-old engineer in [[Hyderabad]] who had a travel history with the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1604813|title=Update on COVID-19: two more positive cases reported|website=pib.gov.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302094230/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1604813|archive-date=2 March 2020|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-news-latest-updates-mar2/liveblog/74432375.cms|title=Coronavirus Live news: Two new cases in India; markets take a negative turn|website=The Economic Times|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> In addition, an Italian citizen in [[Jaipur]], who was earlier tested negative, tested positive, totalling six confirmed cases in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/6th-coronavirus-case-confirmed-in-india-italian-man-tests-positive-for-covid-19-in-jaipur-1652056-2020-03-03|title=6th coronavirus case confirmed in India: Italian man tests positive for Covid-19 in Jaipur|access-date=18 March 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref> 88 people who were in contact with the Hyderabad individual, including fellow bus passengers from [[Bangalore]], were tracked down by the government and placed under watch.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pandey|first1=Ashish|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-covid-19-india-case-update-bengaluru-techie-hyderabad-bus-1651702-2020-03-02|title=Coronavirus positive Bengaluru techie travelled to Hyderabad on bus, fellow passengers under watch|date=2 March 2020|work=India Today|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302162336/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-covid-19-india-case-update-bengaluru-techie-hyderabad-bus-1651702-2020-03-02|url-status=live}}</ref> Officials of the [[Government of Telangana]] stated that 36 people who had been in contact with the [[Hyderabad]] engineer had developed coronavirus symptoms.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/36-of-hyderabad-techies-contacts-show-symptoms-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74467153.cms|title=36 of Hyderabad techie's contacts show symptoms of coronavirus|date=4 March 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304083959/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/36-of-hyderabad-techies-contacts-show-symptoms-of-coronavirus/articleshow/74467153.cms|archive-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> An employee of [[Intel]] in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] who had come in contact with him was quarantined.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/one-intel-employee-in-bengaluru-potentially-exposed-to-coronavirus-under-quarantine/article30978802.ece|title=One Intel employee in Bengaluru potentially exposed to coronavirus, under quarantine|date=4 March 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304072907/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/one-intel-employee-in-bengaluru-potentially-exposed-to-coronavirus-under-quarantine/article30978802.ece|archive-date=4 March 2020|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> Fifteen crew members of the [[Air India]] flight, which had carried the Delhi man from Vienna, were placed in isolation for 14 days,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/coronavirus-india-coronavirus-delhi-coronavirus-update-what-is-coronavirus-symptoms-vaccine-antidote/1886403/|title=Coronavirus Latest Updates: 3 positive cases found in India; Vienna-Delhi flight crew quarantined for 14 days|date=3 March 2020|work=The Financial Express|access-date=3 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304155016/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/coronavirus-india-coronavirus-delhi-coronavirus-update-what-is-coronavirus-symptoms-vaccine-antidote/1886403/|archive-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> while six of his family members in [[Agra]] were quarantined.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus impact: Delhi patient visited family in Agra; 6 members quarantined |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/coronavirus-spreads-to-agra-six-cases-detected/story/397414.html |access-date=3 March 2020 |work=Business Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304162552/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/coronavirus-spreads-to-agra-six-cases-detected/story/397414.html |archive-date=4 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Staff of a restaurant in Delhi where he had dined on 28 February were asked to self-quarantine for two weeks,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hospitality.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/hotels/corona-patient-dines-at-hyatt-on-feb-28-hotel-asks-staff-to-self-quarantine/74475170|title=Corona patient dines at Hyatt on Feb 28, hotel asks staff to self-quarantine|date=4 March 2020|work=Hospitality World|access-date=11 March 2025}}</ref> and two schools in [[Noida]] whose students had attended a birthday party of his child were closed for a week.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhowmik|first1=Sharmila|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/noida-school-closed-amid-coronavirus-scare/articleshow/74452972.cms|title=Coronavirus scare in Noida: One school shut, another to shut from tomorrow|date=3 March 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303100718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/noida-school-closed-amid-coronavirus-scare/articleshow/74452972.cms|archive-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>

=== 3–4 March===
*'''On 3 March,''' the wife of the Italian tourist in Jaipur also tested positive, and her samples were sent to [[Pune]] for confirmation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alarms go off in Rajasthan as Italian tourist's wife also tests positive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/alarms-go-off-in-rajasthan-as-italian-tourists-wife-also-tests-positive/articleshow/74466824.cms |access-date=4 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303230546/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/alarms-go-off-in-rajasthan-as-italian-tourists-wife-also-tests-positive/articleshow/74466824.cms |archive-date=3 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> A total of 24 people (21 Italians and 3 Indians) residing in a [[South Delhi]] hotel were shifted to an [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police|ITBP]] camp for testing.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/coronavirus-outbreak-case-live-updates-latest-news-covid-19-delhi-noida-agra-india/story/397426.html|title=Coronavirus Live Updates: Italian tourist's wife tests positive, number of cases rises to 7|website=businesstoday.in|date=3 March 2020 |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
*'''On 4 March,''' 15 of them (14 Italians and 1 Indian), along with the Jaipur Italian tourist's wife, tested positive for coronavirus, according to an announcement by the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]; the 14 Italians were quarantined at [[Medanta]] in [[Gurgaon]].<ref>{{cite news |title=15 Italian tourists in India test positive for coronavirus, says AIIMS |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-15-italian-tourists-test-positive-confirmed-cases-rise-to-21-in-india-1652237-2020-03-04 |access-date=4 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317232255/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-15-italian-tourists-test-positive-confirmed-cases-rise-to-21-in-india-1652237-2020-03-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> The six family members of the Delhi case in Agra were confirmed to be infected with the virus.<ref name=4mar>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/15-of-21-italian-tourists-at-itbp-quarantine-centre-in-delhi-suspected-to-have-coronavirus-sources-2189512|title=Coronavirus Cases Rise To 28, 16 Italian Tourists Among Them: Government|publisher=NDTV|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304084548/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/15-of-21-italian-tourists-at-itbp-quarantine-centre-in-delhi-suspected-to-have-coronavirus-sources-2189512|archive-date=4 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[Paytm]] Gurgaon employee from Delhi, who had returned from a vacation in Italy, tested positive, taking the number of cases to 29.<ref name=italians>{{cite news|title=29th coronavirus case in India: Paytm staffer tests positive for Covid-19, firm closes offices|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-covid19-paytm-employee-tests-positive-gurugram-1652475-2020-03-04|access-date=4 March 2020|work=India Today|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317084041/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-covid19-paytm-employee-tests-positive-gurugram-1652475-2020-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> 459 passengers have been screened in [[Kochi]] who were on board the Italian luxury cruise ship 'Costa Victoria'.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-news-latest-updates-march4/liveblog/74467466.cms|title=Coronavirus Live news: 15 confirmed cases, Telangana sets up counter, masks become costly in Delhi|website=The Economic Times|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref>

=== 5–6 March===
*'''On 5 March,''' a middle-aged man in [[Ghaziabad]] who had travel history with Iran tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus update: New case reported from Ghaziabad, India now has 30 patients |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-new-case-reported-from-ghaziabad-india-now-has-30-patients-11583401881606.html |access-date=5 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322130518/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-new-case-reported-from-ghaziabad-india-now-has-30-patients-11583401881606.html |url-status=live }}</ref> More than 1,200 people, who came from other countries, were quarantined in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Over 1,200 quarantined so far in Kolkata |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/coronavirus-over-1200-quarantined-so-far-in-kolkata-810958.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306122556/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/coronavirus-over-1200-quarantined-so-far-in-kolkata-810958.html |archive-date=6 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*'''On 6 March,''' a resident of [[West Delhi]], who had travelled to Malaysia and Thailand, was diagnosed with the virus.<ref name=total31>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Delhi resident tests positive for coronavirus, total 31 people infected in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-one-person-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-delhi-total-31-infected-in-india/story-aGhLQffahI6m4n3mvV8UII.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306093234/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-one-person-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-delhi-total-31-infected-in-india/story-aGhLQffahI6m4n3mvV8UII.html |archive-date=6 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 7–8 March===
*'''On 7 March,''' a man in [[Jammu]], who had travelled to Iran and South Korea,<ref>{{cite news |title=J&K man tests positive for coronavirus; 32 infected in India |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/07/first-case-of-coronavirus-reported-in-jammu-and-kashmir-32-infected-in-india-2113665.html |access-date=7 March 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308173355/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/07/first-case-of-coronavirus-reported-in-jammu-and-kashmir-32-infected-in-india-2113665.html |archive-date=8 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> and two people from [[Hoshiarpur]] with travel history to Italy were tested positive in preliminary tests, but a confirmation from Pune was awaited.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: 2 test positive in preliminary test for coronavirus in Punjab's Amritsar|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-2-test-positive-in-preliminary-test-for-coronavirus-in-punjab-s-amritsar/story-B5GuqF83eZntplipK5GhSP.html|access-date=7 March 2020|work=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307061518/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-2-test-positive-in-preliminary-test-for-coronavirus-in-punjab-s-amritsar/story-B5GuqF83eZntplipK5GhSP.html|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Union Health Ministry announced three confirmed cases on 7 March—two people from [[Ladakh]] who had visited Iran, and a person in [[Tamil Nadu]] who had been to Oman.<ref name=total34>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 3 more positive cases in India, total goes up to 34, says health ministry |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-3-more-positive-cases-india-total-goes-up-34-health-ministry-1653481-2020-03-07 |access-date=7 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308001557/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-3-more-positive-cases-india-total-goes-up-34-health-ministry-1653481-2020-03-07 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lone patient of [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] in Tamil Nadu later tested negative on 10 March with that no fresh cases remained in the state.<ref name=TNrecovered>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/coronavirus-no-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-tamil-nadu-812479.html|title=Coronavirus: No fresh COVID-19 cases in Tamil Nadu|website=Deccan Herald|date=10 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> An American tourist who was tested positive in Bhutan, caused alert in [[Assam]] after he was found to have visited several places in the state before leaving the country.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/assam-raises-coronavirus-alert-after-bhutan-reports-first-case-us-tourist-who-tested-positive-had-spent-week-on-a-cruise-ship-in-northeastern-state-8126441.html|title=Assam raises coronavirus alert after Bhutan reports first case; American who tested positive had spent week in state|website=Firstpost|date=6 March 2020 |access-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307070309/https://www.firstpost.com/health/assam-raises-coronavirus-alert-after-bhutan-reports-first-case-us-tourist-who-tested-positive-had-spent-week-on-a-cruise-ship-in-northeastern-state-8126441.html|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''On 8 March,''' five people of the same family in [[Ranni, Kerala|Ranni]], [[Pathanamthitta District]], Kerala, were tested positive for the virus. Three of them had been to Italy while other two came in direct contact with those infected.<ref>{{cite news |title=5 Of Family in Kerala Get Coronavirus, 39 Total Positive Cases in India |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-of-family-infected-with-coronavirus-in-kerala-total-positive-cases-in-india-rise-to-39-2191757 |access-date=8 March 2020 |publisher=NDTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308090050/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-of-family-infected-with-coronavirus-in-kerala-total-positive-cases-in-india-rise-to-39-2191757 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 9–10 March===
*'''On 9 March,''' a three-year-old, who returned from Italy two days before, was tested positive in [[Ernakulam]]; the child's parents were also quarantined as a precaution. A 63-year-old woman in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] who had been to Iran was confirmed to be infected with the virus.<ref name=india41>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus outbreak: 3-yr-old from Kerala, who returned from Italy, tests positive |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/child-kerala-tests-positive-coronavirus-total-cases-india-1653826-2020-03-09 |access-date=9 March 2020 |work=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309054209/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/child-kerala-tests-positive-coronavirus-total-cases-india-1653826-2020-03-09 |archive-date=9 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> A person in Agra, who had come in contact with an infected person, and a man in Delhi were diagnosed with the virus.<ref name=total43>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus update: 4 new cases reported, India now has 43 COVID-19 patients |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-two-new-cases-from-kerala-agra-take-total-number-to-41-11583727824797.html |access-date=9 March 2020 |work=Livemint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309172125/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-two-new-cases-from-kerala-agra-take-total-number-to-41-11583727824797.html |archive-date=9 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, one of the two [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] suspected cases tested positive, as did a techie in [[Bangalore]] who had travel history to the United States.<ref name=total45>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/fresh-coronavirus-cases-emerge-from-punjab-bengaluru-takes-total-to-45-11583764470103.html|title=Fresh coronavirus cases emerge from Punjab, Bengaluru; takes total to 45|date=9 March 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Maharashtra reported its first two cases later in the day after a couple in [[Pune]], with travel history to Dubai, tested positive.<ref name=total47>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/breaking-coronavirus-pune-two-test-positive-for-covid-19-confirmed-cases-india-596748|title=Coronavirus: Two test positive in Pune; 47 confirmed cases in India|last1=Hardaha|first1=Rashi|date=9 March 2020|website=indiatvnews.com|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref>
*'''On 10 March,''' a press release from the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] confirmed that three more people in Karnataka, including wife and child of the infected Bangalore techie, were diagnosed with the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three more people from Karnataka test positive for coronavirus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/four-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-karnataka/articleshow/74561810.cms |access-date=10 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310123443/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/four-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-karnataka/articleshow/74561810.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] reported six fresh cases in Pathanamthitta, all of whom were linked to the five previously confirmed cases from the town.<ref name=keralaschool>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: All schools, colleges in Kerala to shut down in March; 6 more test positive |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/10/coronavirus-holiday-for-upto-class-7-kerala.html |access-date=10 March 2020 |work=Manorama Online |archive-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313034127/https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/10/coronavirus-holiday-for-upto-class-7-kerala.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Three more people in Pune, who had come in contact with the infected couple from the city, tested positive.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus update: 3 more test positive for COVID-19 in Maharashtra, number rises to 5 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-two-more-persons-in-pune-test-positive-for-covid-19-11583846182319.html |work=Livemint |archive-date=19 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319195530/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-two-more-persons-in-pune-test-positive-for-covid-19/amp-11583846182319.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, both parents of the infected three-year-old child in Ernakulam were also tested positive.<ref name="total61">{{cite news|title=2 more cases of coronavirus in Kerala, 14 infected in state so far|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2-more-cases-of-coronavirus-in-kerala-14-infected-in-state-so-far/story-ZbTl7p3NkehEIrH6dY61iL.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310172401/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2-more-cases-of-coronavirus-in-kerala-14-infected-in-state-so-far/story-ZbTl7p3NkehEIrH6dY61iL.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 11–12 March===
*'''On 11 March,''' an 85-year-old man in [[Jaipur]] tested positive who had travel history to Dubai.<ref name=t62>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/live/2020/mar/08/coronavirus-live-updates--cases-reach-62-in-india-as-jaipur-person-tests-positive-one-critical-in-kerala-2113779.amp?__twitter_impression=true |title=Cases reach 62 in India as Jaipur person tests positive, one critical in Kerala|website=The New Indian Express |access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Two people tested positive in [[Mumbai]], who were close to previously reported Pune patients.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-two-test-positive-in-mumbai-total-cases-in-state-rise-to-7-11583935531786.html|title=Coronavirus update: Two test positive in Mumbai, total cases in state rise to 7|website=Livemint |date=11 March 2020|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Uddhav Thackeray]] confirmed while addressing a press conference that total 10 people have tested positive in the state which included 8 from Pune and 2 from Mumbai. Later, a 45-year-old man who returned from US tested positive in [[Nagpur]], taking the toll to 11 in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=total68>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/11-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-budget-session-to-be-curtailed-812912.html|title=11 coronavirus cases in Maharashtra; budget session to be curtailed|date=12 March 2020|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
*'''On 12 March,''' a 76-year-old man from [[Kalaburgi]], Karnataka who had a travel history to Saudi Arabia became the first victim of the virus in the country.<ref name="ht1">{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India's first coronavirus death is confirmed in Karnataka |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-first-coronavirus-death-in-karnataka-confirmed/story-2ZJ6IuxJ38EiGndBq5pfHO.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=12 March 2020}}</ref> A tourist guide in [[Noida]], Uttar Pradesh who had come in contact with a group of Italian tourists, tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/one-more-tests-covid-19-positive-uttar-pradesh-tally-is-nine/articleshow/74586351.cms|title=One more tests positive for Covid-19; Uttar Pradesh tally is nine |website=The Times of India|date=12 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> Later, a Canadian woman tested positive in [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh. Her husband, who had travelled with her was also put in isolation.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/woman-doctor-from-canada-tests-coronavirus-positive-in-lucknow-54338|title=Woman doctor from Canada tests coronavirus positive in Lucknow|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> A 69-year-old woman in [[West Delhi]] who tested positive and died later, transmitted it from her 46-year-old son who had travel history to Japan, Italy and [[Geneva| Geneva, Switzerland]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/mar/12/sixth-case-of-coronavirus-reported-in-delhi-2115860.html|title=Sixth case of coronavirus reported in Delhi|website=The New Indian Express|date=12 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=death2/> [[Andhra Pradesh]] reported its first case, a man returned from Italy tested positive in [[Nellore]]. Five people with whom he came in contact were quarantined.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/first-coronavirus-case-in-andhra-pradesh-as-man-who-returned-from-italy-tests-positive-1654837-2020-03-12|title=First coronavirus case in Andhra Pradesh as man who returned from Italy tests positive|website=India Today|date=12 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>

=== 13–14 March===
*'''On 13 March,''' 69-year-old woman from Delhi, who had transmitted it from her 46-year-old son with the travel history to Japan, Italy and [[Switzerland]], became the second victim of the virus in the country.<ref name=death2>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/69-year-old-woman-in-delhi-dies-of-coronavirus-second-death-in-india/story-9LWfzJZoywD3VQJlf9QO1O.html|title=69-year-old woman in Delhi dies of coronavirus, second death in India|date=13 March 2020|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/son-of-woman-who-died-due-to-coronavirus-in-delhi-stable/articleshow/74637371.cms|title=Son of woman who died due to coronavirus in Delhi stable|work=The Times of India|agency=Press Trust of India|date=15 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318003934/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/son-of-woman-who-died-due-to-coronavirus-in-delhi-stable/articleshow/74637371.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> An employee of Google in [[Bangalore]], who had returned from a trip to Greece, tested positive; his colleagues were quarantined.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru Google Employee Has Coronavirus, Work-From-Home For Colleagues |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bengaluru-google-employee-has-coronavirus-work-from-home-for-colleagues-2194137 |access-date=13 March 2020 |publisher=NDTV |archive-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313221509/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bengaluru-google-employee-has-coronavirus-work-from-home-for-colleagues-2194137 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, two more people in [[Kerala]] who had returned from Dubai and Qatar tested positive taking the total number of COVID-19 cases in the state to 16.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/two-more-covid-19-cases-kerala-returnees-dubai-and-qatar-120074|title=Two more COVID-19 cases in Kerala, returnees from Dubai and Qatar|date=12 March 2020|website=thenewsminute.com|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> In Maharashtra, 1 more person in Pune and 2 more in [[Nagpur]] tested positive taking total to 17 in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nagpur-maharashtra-count-now-16/articleshow/74611718.cms|title=2 more test positive for coronavirus in Nagpur; Maharashtra count now 17|date=13 March 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314145700/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nagpur-maharashtra-count-now-16/articleshow/74611718.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> An employee of a private firm in [[Noida]] tested positive who had travelled to Italy and then Switzerland.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/coronavirus-noida-employee-with-travel-history-to-italy-tests-positive-6312385/|title=Noida company's 707 workers, who came in contact with Covid-19 victim, put under observation|date=13 March 2020|website=The Indian Express|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> An Indian national evacuated from Italy and quarantined at an Army facility near [[Gurugram]] tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-indian-national-evacuated-from-italy-with-82-tests-positive-for-covid-19/story-OJV3iP46LNv5a1XPJawWuO.html|title=Coronavirus update: Indian national evacuated from Italy with 82 tests positive for Covid-19|date=13 March 2020|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> Seven patients – 5 from Uttar Pradesh, and one each from Rajasthan and Delhi survived the disease and got discharged from various hospitals.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/7-more-patients-in-india-cured-of-covid-19/story-KdGoZb0ufeippFwgfz7N2O.html|title=Coronavirus: India fights back, 7 more patients cured of Covid-19|date=14 March 2020|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>
*'''On 14 March,''' In Maharashtra two people in [[Yavatmal]] with travel history to Dubai, one each in [[Thane]], [[Ahmednagar]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-two-more-test-positive-in-yavatmal-maharashtra-count-rises-to-22/article31069249.ece|title=Coronavirus {{!}} Two more test positive in Yavatmal; Maharashtra count rises to 22|date=14 March 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=14 March 2020|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> [[Mumbai]], [[Kalyan]], [[Kamothe]] and [[Vashi]],<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/four-new-coronavirus-cases-confirmed-in-mumbai-maharashtra-total-cases-at-26-1655605-2020-03-14|title=Four new coronavirus cases confirmed in Mumbai, Maharashtra total cases at 26|last1=Shaikh|first1=Mustafa|website=India Today |date=14 March 2020 }}</ref> and five in [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]] tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coronavirus-live-news-updates-total-coronavirus-cases-in-india-rise-to-83/liveblog/74620072.cms|title=Coronavirus outbreak live updates: Two who returned from Dubai test positive in Maharashtra|work=The Times of India|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320014951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coronavirus-live-news-updates-total-coronavirus-cases-in-india-rise-to-83/liveblog/74620072.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A second case of coronavirus was detected in [[Hyderabad]] in a person with a travel history to Italy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/second-case-of-covid-19-confirmed-in-hyderabad/articleshow/74624745.cms|title=Second case of coronavirus confirmed in Hyderabad|date=14 March 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319195539/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/second-case-of-covid-19-confirmed-in-hyderabad/articleshow/74624745.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A 24-year-old man in [[Jaipur]] who had travel history to Spain tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-24-year-old-tests-positive-covid-19-jaipur-travel-history-spain-1655611-2020-03-14|title=Coronavirus: 24-year-old from Jaipur tests positive for Covid-19, has travel history of Spain|last1=Parihar|first1=Rohit|website=India Today|date=14 March 2020 |access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>

=== 15–16 March===
*'''On 15 March,''' A 59-year-old woman from [[Aurangabad]] with a travel history to Russia tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=59-year-old woman tests positive for coronavirus in Maharashtra's Aurangabad| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/59-year-old-woman-tests-covid-19-positive-coronavirus-maharashtra-aurangabad-598297|website=indiatv| date=15 March 2020}}</ref> Uttar Pradesh reported its 12th case in Lucknow.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in India: One more Covid-19 case reported in Lucknow| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-one-more-covid19-case-reported-in-lucknow-uttar-pradesh-1655527-2020-03-14|website=India Today |date=14 March 2020 }}</ref> A UK national and a doctor who returned from abroad tested positive in Kerala.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-news-latest-updates-march15/liveblog/74633220.cms|title=Coronavirus India Live updates: Read coronavirus latest news, coronavirus cases, death toll and more.|website=The Economic Times|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> [[Telangana]] reported its third case in a person who had travelled to the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Lasania|first1=Yunus|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ten-patients-in-india-recovered-from-covid-19-govt-11584196269767.html|title=Third confirmed Covid-19 case reported in Hyderabad|date=15 March 2020|work=Livemint|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315123551/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ten-patients-in-india-recovered-from-covid-19-govt-11584196269767.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A trainee officer at [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]] who had returned from a study tour to Spain, Finland and Russia became the first person to be tested positive in [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-live-updates-covid-19-who-pandemic-quarantine-india-noida-bangalore-cases-alert-novel-latest-news-today-ipl-school-college-8152371.html|title=Coronavirus Outbreak LIVE Updates|work=Firstpost|archive-date=16 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316172608/https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-live-updates-covid-19-who-pandemic-quarantine-india-noida-bangalore-cases-alert-novel-latest-news-today-ipl-school-college-8152371.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The daughter of the first victim of the virus in the country tested positive in [[Kalaburagi]], Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kin-karnataka-covid-19-victim-tests-positive-7th-case-state-120284|title=Kin of Karnataka COVID-19 victim tests positive, 7th case in state|work=The News Minute|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321151402/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kin-karnataka-covid-19-victim-tests-positive-7th-case-state-120284|url-status=live}}</ref> The Italian couple and the Dubai-returned 85-year-old [[Jaipur]] native in Rajasthan recovered from the virus.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-3-old-positive-cases-rajasthan-cured-1-newly-infected-undergoing-treatment-official-1655772-2020-03-15|title=Coronavirus: All 3 old positive cases in Rajasthan cured, 1 newly-infected undergoing treatment: Official|website=India Today|date=15 March 2020 |access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> A 31-year-old man from Pune who recently travelled to Dubai and Japan tested positive later in the day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-to-increase-virus-testing-and-quarantine-facilities-on-a-war-footing-11584285701543.html|title=As confirmed cases rise to 33, Maharashtra combats Covid-19 on a war footing|date=15 March 2020|work=Livemint|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316131255/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/maharashtra-to-increase-virus-testing-and-quarantine-facilities-on-a-war-footing-11584285701543.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''On 16 March,''' [[Odisha]] reported its first case when a 31-year-old man from [[Bhubaneswar]] with travel history to Italy tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/odisha-coronavirus-positive-case-1655901-2020-03-16|title=Odisha reports first positive coronavirus case, man returned from Italy|last1=Suffian|first1=Mohammad|website=India Today|date=16 March 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> Maharashtra reported four more cases – three in Mumbai and one in [[Navi Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-navi-mumbai-reports-4-new-coronavirus-cases-11584344243955.html|title=Mumbai, Navi Mumbai reports 4 new coronavirus cases|date=16 March 2020|work=Livemint|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316083413/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-navi-mumbai-reports-4-new-coronavirus-cases-11584344243955.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A woman who was part of a nine-member group that returned from Dubai on 1 March tested positive in [[Yavatmal]] in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-pandemic-outbreak-live-updates-new-cases-india-italy-1655866-2020-03-16#59513|title=Woman tests positive, Yavatmal Covid-19 count now 3|work=India Today|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317203757/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-pandemic-outbreak-live-updates-new-cases-india-italy-1655866-2020-03-16#59513|url-status=live}}</ref> Kerala reported three more cases – two in [[Malappuram]] and one in [[Kasaragod]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/coronavirus-confirmed-in-malappuram-kasaragod-total-positive-cases-rise-to-24-1.4619422 |title=Coronavirus confirmed in Malappuram, Kasaragod; total positive cases rise to 24 {{!}} COVID-19{{!}} 24 positive cases of coronavirus in Kerala |date=16 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320161027/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/coronavirus-confirmed-in-malappuram-kasaragod-total-positive-cases-rise-to-24-1.4619422 |url-status=live }}</ref> A 32-year-old man from Karnataka, who had returned in the same flight from [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow]], London as the [[Mindtree]] employee, tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/co-passenger-who-travelled-mindtree-techie-8th-covid-19-patient-karnataka-120363|title=Co-passenger who travelled with Mindtree techie is 8th COVID-19 patient in Karnataka|work=The News Minute|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317181304/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/co-passenger-who-travelled-mindtree-techie-8th-covid-19-patient-karnataka-120363|url-status=live}}</ref> A 34-year-old soldier of the [[Indian Army]], whose father had contracted the virus on 6 March, tested positive in [[Leh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/34-year-old-soldier-tests-positive-for-covid-19-first-case-in-indian-army/story-CS6XHdPJH2Iord2DVe3yvN.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=18 March 2020 |date=18 March 2020 |title=34-year-old soldier tests Coronavirus positive, first case in Army}}</ref>

=== 17–18 March===
*'''On 17 March,''' a 64-year-old man from [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, who had a travel history to [[Dubai]], became the third victim of the virus in the country.<ref name= Death3>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus update: 64-year-old from Mumbai is India's third casualty|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-india-reports-third-death-11584423058483.html|website=Livemint|date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Two people who returned from France tested positive in [[Noida]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 more test positive from Noida, family quarantined| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-news-live-updates-india-delhi-italy-china-death-toll-confirmed-cases-europe-1656253-2020-03-17|website=India Today| date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in [[Ladakh]] – two from [[Leh]] and one from [[Kargil]] district.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in India: 3 new Covid-19 cases reported in Ladakh | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-3-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-ladakh-1656369-2020-03-17|website=India Today |date=17 March 2020 }}</ref> A 3-year-old girl and both her parents tested positive in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3-year-old tests positive for Covid-19 in Mumbai, both parents also infected. Maharashtra total now at 39 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/3-year-old-tests-positive-for-covid-19-in-mumbai-both-parents-also-infected-maharashtra-total-now-at-39-1656173-2020-03-16 |website=India Today |access-date=17 March 2020 |date=17 March 2020}}</ref> In [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], a 68-year-old woman who travelled to the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] was the first reported case in the Union Territory.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/puducherry-68-year-old-woman-who-travelled-to-uae-tests-positive-for-covid-19-first-case-in-ut-1656485-2020-03-17|title=Puducherry: 68-years-old woman who travelled to UAE tests positive for Covid-19, first case in UT|website=India Today|date=17 March 2020 |access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> In [[Kalaburagi]], Karnataka, a 63-year-old doctor, who treated the first victim of the virus in the country, tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-doctor-who-treated-coronavirus-infected-man-tests-positive/articleshow/74668969.cms|title=Karnataka doctor who treated Coronavirus-infected man tests positive|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319195529/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-doctor-who-treated-coronavirus-infected-man-tests-positive/articleshow/74668969.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Two inmates at the [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police|ITBP]] quarantine facility in New Delhi, who had a travel history to Italy, tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-2-italy-returned-itbp-quarantine-inmates-test-positive/articleshow/74677856.cms|title=COVID-19: 2 Italy-returned ITBP quarantine inmates test positive|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115900/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-2-italy-returned-itbp-quarantine-inmates-test-positive/articleshow/74677856.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[West Bengal]] reported its first case in a person who had returned from England.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=West Bengal reports first coronavirus case: Man who went to London tests positive |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-first-positive-case-coronavirus-covid19-isolation-1656622-2020-03-17|website=India Today |date=17 March 2020 }}</ref>
*'''On 18 March,''' a woman in her late 20s, who had a travel history to France and the Netherlands, tested positive in Pune.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: With a new case, tally in Pune district is 18 and 42 in Maharashtra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/covid-19-with-a-new-case-tally-in-pune-district-is-18-and-42-in-maharashtra/article31096831.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=18 March 2020 |date=18 March 2020 |last1=Banerjee |first1=Shoumojit |archive-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318065210/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/covid-19-with-a-new-case-tally-in-pune-district-is-18-and-42-in-maharashtra/article31096831.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Telangana reported its sixth case in a person who had a travel history to the UK.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/telangana-records-sixth-case-coronavirus-patient-had-travel-history-uk-120510|title=Sixth Case in Telangana|date=18 March 2020|website=The News Minute|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> A man from [[Gautam Buddh Nagar district|Gautam Buddha Nagar district]] in [[Noida]] who had returned from Indonesia tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus LIVE Updates: 4th case of COVID-19 reported in Noida; 2 more cases in Bengaluru| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world/coronavirus-live-updates-covid-19-pandemic-maharashtra-delhi-pune-mumbai-karnataka-kerala-bengal-death-toll-5044481.html|website=moneycontrol|date=18 March 2020 }}</ref> Karnataka reported two more cases, a 56-year-old man who returned from the United States and a 26-year-old woman who returned from Spain.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news|title= Two more positive coronavirus cases reported in Bengaluru|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/two-more-positive-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-bengaluru/articleshow/74689486.cms|website=The Times of India|date= 18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> [[Tamil Nadu]]'s second case was reported in a person who travelled by train from Delhi to [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu's 2nd Coronavirus patient raises community transmission fears |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadus-2nd-coronavirus-patient-raises-community-transmission-fears/articleshow/74702335.cms |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319193205/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadus-2nd-coronavirus-patient-raises-community-transmission-fears/articleshow/74702335.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rajasthan]] reported three more cases in a couple and their 2-year-old daughter from [[Jhunjhunu]], they had returned from Italy.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-positive-cases-rajasthan-jhunjhunu-covid-19-599454|title=Coronavirus: 3 of family test positive in Rajasthan's Jhunjhunu|website=indiatvnews.com|date=19 March 2020|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

=== 19–20 March===
[[File:PM Modi’s address to the nation on Corona Virus.webm|right|thumb|Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's televised address about Coronavirus on 19 March 2020]]
*'''On 19 March,''' a 72-year-old man in [[Punjab]] who had returned from Germany via Italy became the fourth victim of the virus in the country.<ref name=Death4>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/72-year-old-punjab-man-who-passed-away-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-he-had-returned-from-italy-1657432-2020-03-19|title=72-year-old Punjab man who passed away tests positive for coronavirus; he had returned from Italy|website=India Today|date=19 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> A 23-year-old woman in [[Chandigarh]] who had a travel history to the UK tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=23-year-old woman has tested positive for COVID-19 in Chandigarh. |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/23-year-old-woman-has-tested-positive-for-covid-19-in-chandigarh/videoshow/74702497.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> Two women from Mumbai – a 22-year-old who had returned from the UK and a 49-year-old resident of [[Ulhasnagar]] who had returned from Dubai tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 women test positive for coronavirus in Mumbai, Maharashtra count 47 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/2-women-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-mumbai-maharashta-count-47-5049721.html |website=Money Control |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> [[Chhattisgarh]] reported its first case in a 23-year-old woman from [[Raipur]] who had travelled to London, UK.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Chhattisgarh Reports 1st Case as London-return Woman Tests Positive for Coronavirus |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/chhattisgarh-reports-1st-case-as-london-return-woman-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-2542475.html |website=News18 |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> Two more people tested positive in Uttar Pradesh – one from Lucknow and the other from [[Lakhimpur Kheri district]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus outbreak live updates |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coronavirus-live-updates-total-number-of-coronavirus-cases-in-india-rises-march-19-2020/liveblog/74701641.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> A person from [[Kodagu district]] in Karnataka tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: One tests positive in Kodagu, Karnataka, state count at 15 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-one-tests-positive-in-kodagu-karnataka-state-count-at-15-11584598997688.html |website=Livemint |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> A 21-year-old student who had returned from Ireland tested positive in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus LIVE: India's death toll rises to four |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/health/coronavirus-live-updates-total-covid-19-cases-in-india-death-toll-latest-news-global-market-crash-recession-120031900563_1.html |website=Business Standard |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> An [[HCL Technologies|HCL]] employee in [[Noida]], Uttar Pradesh who had returned from international travel tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=HCL employee in Noida tests positive for Covid-19, cases in UP reach 19 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hcl-employee-in-noida-tests-positive-for-covid-19-cases-in-up-reach-17/story-ohYtiJ2wKalLqgU86aNHYO.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>
*'''On 20 March,''' [[Bollywood]] singer [[Kanika Kapoor]] who returned from London tested positive in Lucknow.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Baby Doll singer Kanika Kapoor tests coronavirus positive. She hid travel history, threw party at 5-star| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/baby-doll-singer-kanika-kapoor-tests-coronavirus-positive-she-hid-travel-history-threw-party-at-5-star-1657811-2020-03-20|website=India Today |date=20 March 2020 }}</ref> A 69-year-old Italian man who recovered from coronavirus earlier, died due to cardiac arrest in Rajasthan.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-italian-tourist-who-had-recovered-from-covid-19-dies-of-heart-attack-1657770-2020-03-20|title=Italian tourist, who had recovered from Covid-19, dies of heart attack|website=indiatoday.in|date=20 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Gujarat reported its first two cases, a woman in [[Surat]] who returned from New York City and a man in [[Rajkot]] who returned from Mecca tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gujarat-reports-first-coronavirus-cases-two-infected/articleshow/74717532.cms|title=Coronavirus in gujarat: Gujarat reports first coronavirus cases; two infected – The Economic Times|website=The Economic Times|date=20 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Telangana reported ten new cases, seven Indonesians, a 22-year-old man who had returned from Scotland,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/coronavirus-cases-spike-in-telangana-8-positive-in-one-day/articleshow/74701855.cms|title=Coronavirus cases spike in Telangana, 8 positive in one day – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> and two person who returned from London tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-telangana-reports-2-fresh-case-total-at-16-now-11584674573242.html|title=Coronavirus: Telangana reports 2 fresh case, total at 16 now|last1=Lasania|first1=Yunus Y.|date=20 March 2020|website=livemint.com|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Four more people tested positive in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh – three related to a previously infected doctor and one with a travel history to Gulf.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-live-updates-covid-19-india-noida-mumbai-bangalore-cases-count-alert-novel-latest-news-today-bird-flu-virus-8165681.html|title=Coronavirus outbreak LIVE Updates: Ram Navami celebrations cancelled in Ayodhya; 4 test positive in Lucknow|work=Firstpost|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320175312/https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-live-updates-covid-19-india-noida-mumbai-bangalore-cases-count-alert-novel-latest-news-today-bird-flu-virus-8165681.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A third case was reported in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'s [[Mohali]] where a 68-year-old women who returned from United Kingdom tested positive.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-positive-case-punjab-mohali-covid-19-599835 Coronavirus positive case in Mohali, Total 3 in Punjab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322003422/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/news/india/coronavirus-positive-case-punjab-mohali-covid-19-599835 |date=22 March 2020 }} India TV. Retrieved 20 March 2020.</ref> One more person tested positive in Kolkata, West Bengal, a 20-year-old man with a travel history to United Kingdom.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-20-year-old-tests-positive-in-kolkata-11584683374171.html|title=Coronavirus update: 20-year-old tests positive in Kolkata|date=20 March 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> An 18-year-old-girl in Telangana with a travel history to London tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coronavirus-live-news-updates-total-number-of-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-india-20-march-2020/liveblog/74721127.cms|title=Coronavirus Live Updates: PM Modi discusses ways to check spread of coronavirus with chief ministers|work=The Times of India|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321223347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coronavirus-live-news-updates-total-number-of-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-india-20-march-2020/liveblog/74721127.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in Maharashtra – one each in Mumbai, Pune and [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/live-updates-coronavirus-in-india-maharashtra-punjab-delhi-telangana-karnataka-kerala/liveblog/74722161.cms|title=Coronavirus in India live updates: All Delhi malls to be closed|work=The Times of India|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321220606/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/live-updates-coronavirus-in-india-maharashtra-punjab-delhi-telangana-karnataka-kerala/liveblog/74722161.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Himachal Pradesh]] reported its first two cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/himachal-pradesh-reports-its-first-two-cases-of-coronavirus-600025|title=Himachal Pradesh reports its first two cases of coronavirus|date=20 March 2020|website=India TV News}}</ref> Twelve more cases were reported in Kerala – five from [[Ernakulam]], six from [[Kasaragod]] and one from [[Palakkad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/five-foreigners-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-kerala/articleshow/74734485.cms|title=12 fresh COVID-19 cases in Kerala, total goes up to 37|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=4 March 2024|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304042251/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/five-foreigners-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-kerala/articleshow/74734485.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Bhilwara]], Rajasthan, six people tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/20/curfew-imposed-in-rajasthans-bhilwara-district-as-nine-test-positive-for-coronavirus-2119391.html|title=Curfew imposed in Rajasthan's Bhilwara district as nine test positive for coronavirus|website=The New Indian Express|date=20 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> A couple who returned from Spain, tested positive in Jaipur.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/2-test-positive-in-spain-take-total-cases-to-9-in-raj/articleshow/74720550.cms|title=Two test positive in Spain, take total coronavirus cases to 9 in Rajasthan|website=The Times of India|date=20 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref>

=== 21–22 March===
*'''On 21 March,''' [[Noida]] confirmed a case in Supertech CapeTown society.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/noida-coronavirus-supertech-cape-town-society-in-lockdown-covid19-case-600131|title=Noida society in lockdown after confirmed COVID-19 case|publisher=India TV|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322131427/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/noida-coronavirus-supertech-cape-town-society-in-lockdown-covid19-case-600131|url-status=live}}</ref> [[West Bengal]] reported its third case in a woman with a travel history to [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/west-bengal-reports-third-covid-19-positive-case-815992.html|title=West Bengal reports third COVID-19 positive case|work=Deccan Herald|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321054345/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/west-bengal-reports-third-covid-19-positive-case-815992.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Number of coronavirus positive cases increases in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] to 13.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-cases-mohali-hoshiarpur-moranwali-village-amritsar-en/ Coronavirus cases in Punjab increases to 13] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321114934/https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-cases-mohali-hoshiarpur-moranwali-village-amritsar-en/ |date=21 March 2020 }} ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 21 March 2020.</ref> Six new cases were reported in Rajasthan – five from [[Bhilwara]] and one from [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: 6 new cases reported in Rajasthan| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/coronavirus-6-new-cases-reported-in-rajasthan-816007.html|website=Deccan Herald| date=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: 6 new cases reported in Rajasthan| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-six-new-cases-reported-in-rajasthan-covid-19-600127|website=Indiatv| date=21 March 2020}}</ref> In [[Karnataka]], three more positive cases were confirmed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Karnataka: 3 more positive cases confirmed, takes total to 18 cases| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-karnataka3-more-positive-cases-confirmed-600196|website=India tv| date=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Three new coronavirus cases in Karnataka| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/three-new-coronavirus-cases-in-karnataka-total-number-of/1775181|website=outlookindia}}</ref> Three more positive cases were confirmed in Tamil Nadu, all foreign nationals.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: 3 foreign nationals test positive for COVID-19 in Tamil Nadu, tally goes up to 6| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-3-foreign-nationals-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-tamil-nadu-tally-goes-up-to-6-600251|website=indatv| date=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Coronavirus Three more test positive for COVID-19 in Tamil Nadu| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/coronavirus-three-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-tamil-nadu/article31128870.ece| newspaper=The Hindu| date=21 March 2020| archive-date=22 March 2020| access-date=21 March 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322080200/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/coronavirus-three-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-tamil-nadu/article31128870.ece| url-status=live}}</ref>

*'''On 22 March,''' a 63-year-old man from [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-19-update-one-more-succumbs-to-coronavirus-in-mumbai-death-toll-reaches-5/story-IJE7BpJI2vgVfZpyOsX7jI.html|title=63-year-old Covid-19 patient dies in Mumbai, death toll in India at 5: Officials|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> a 38-year-old man from [[Patna]], Bihar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/38-year-old-man-having-coronavirus-dies-in-patnas-aiims-hospital/articleshow/74757682.cms|title=38-year-old man having coronavirus dies in Patna's AIIMS hospital|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=30 November 2024|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130084451/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/38-year-old-man-having-coronavirus-dies-in-patnas-aiims-hospital/articleshow/74757682.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and a 64-year-old man from [[Surat]], Gujarat<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsnation.in/cities/ahmedabad/coronavirus-pandemic-67-year-old-man-dies-in-gujarats-surat-death-toll-in-india-rises-to-7-256813.html|title=Coronavirus Pandemic {{!}} 67-Year-Old Man Dies in Gujarat's Surat, Death Toll in India Rises To 7|work=News Nation|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322103305/https://www.newsnation.in/cities/ahmedabad/coronavirus-pandemic-67-year-old-man-dies-in-gujarats-surat-death-toll-in-india-rises-to-7-256813.html|url-status=live}}</ref> became the fifth, sixth and seventh victims of the virus in the country. In [[Karnataka]], a 33-year-old-man with recent foreign travel history tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-news-latest-updates-march22/liveblog/74754630.cms|title=Coronavirus News Live Updates: Air India flight brings back 263 Indian students from virus-hit Rome|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322222714/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-news-latest-updates-march22/liveblog/74754630.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Ten more people tested positive in [[Maharashtra]] – six from [[Mumbai]] and four from [[Pune]], five of whom got the infection through local transmission and the other five had a history of foreign travel.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-10-more-people-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-maharashtra-total-jumps-to-74/story-CU1gTsDxVPMi5C2RB5WYkL.html|title=Coronavirus: 10 more test positive for Covid-19 in Maharashtra, total jumps to 74|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Seven more cases were confirmed in [[Punjab]], all of whom had come in contact with the 70-year-old man from [[Pathlawa]] village who had succumbed to the virus in the previous week.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-7-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-sbs-nagar-punjab-toll-touches-21/story-g5yplHLS1Eadb3CcnM9MwJ.html|title=Coronavirus: 7 more test positive for Covid-19 in SBS Nagar, Punjab toll touches 21|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> [[Gujarat]] reported four more cases – two each from [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Gandhinagar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/four-new-covid-19-cases-in-gujarat-total-goes-up-to-18/articleshow/74758543.cms|title=Four new coronavirus cases in Gujarat; total goes up to 18|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=14 November 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114222717/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/four-new-covid-19-cases-in-gujarat-total-goes-up-to-18/articleshow/74758543.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Telangana]], a 24-year-old man of [[Guntur district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/one-fresh-case-of-covid-19-in-telangana-total-rises-to-22/articleshow/74758212.cms|title=One fresh case of coronavirus in Telangana; total rises to 22|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112419/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/one-fresh-case-of-covid-19-in-telangana-total-rises-to-22/articleshow/74758212.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> 15 more people tested positive in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=15 new COVID-19 cases in Kerala; 64 under treatment| url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/news/kerala/15-new-covid-19-cases-in-kerala-64-under-treatment-1.4636013|website=English.mathrubhumi|date=22 March 2020 }}</ref> [[Rajasthan]] reported three new cases – one each from [[Bhilwara]], [[Jhunjhunu]] and [[Jodhpur]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-news-latest-updates-march23/liveblog/74765889.cms|title=Coronavirus News Live Updates: Man who recovered from COVID-19 dies in Mumbai; Bloodbath on D-Street|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323134602/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-news-latest-updates-march23/liveblog/74765889.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 23–24 March===
[[File:PM Modi's address to the nation on vital aspects relating to COVID-19 menace.webm|right|thumb|Modi's address about COVID-19 on 24 March 2020]]
*'''On 23 March,''' a 55-year-old man from [[Kolkata]], West Bengal and a [[Tibet]]an refugee from [[Kangra district]] in Himachal Pradesh became the eighth and ninth victims of the virus in the country.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-55-year-old-man-dies-of-covid-19-in-kolkata-toll-at-8-now-1658773-2020-03-23|title=Coronavirus in India: 55-year-old man dies of Covid-19 in Kolkata, toll at 9 now|work=India Today|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323150709/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-55-year-old-man-dies-of-covid-19-in-kolkata-toll-at-8-now-1658773-2020-03-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/breaking-himachal-pradesh-reports-first-death-due-to-coronavirus-600840|title=Himachal Pradesh reports first death due to coronavirus, national death toll now 9|publisher=India TV|archive-date=24 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324152845/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/breaking-himachal-pradesh-reports-first-death-due-to-coronavirus-600840|url-status=live}}</ref> A 68-year-old man from the [[Philippines]] died in [[Mumbai]] after initial recovery from the virus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/eighth-coronavirus-death-in-india-philippines-man-dies-in-mumbai-1658618-2020-03-23|title=8th coronavirus death in India: Philippines man dies in Mumbai after initial recovery|work=India Today|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323050313/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/eighth-coronavirus-death-in-india-philippines-man-dies-in-mumbai-1658618-2020-03-23|url-status=live}}</ref> Kerala reported 28 new cases – 19 from [[Kasaragod district]], five from [[Kannur]], one from [[Pathanamthitta|Pathnamthitta]], two from [[Ernakulam]] and one from [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Kerala announces lockdown till March 31 as 28 fresh Covid-19 cases reported| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-announces-lockdown-till-march-31-as-28-fresh-covid-19-cases-reported-1658835-2020-03-23|website=India Today |date=23 March 2020 }}</ref>
*'''On 24 March,''' a 65-year-old man from [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, who had a travel history to the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]], became the tenth victim of the virus in the country.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-65-year-old-dies-in-mumbai-death-toll-in-india-rises-to-10-11585033975530.html|title=Coronavirus update: 65-year-old dies in Mumbai, death toll in India rises to 10|date=24 March 2020|website=Livemint}}</ref> Two more cases were reported in [[Kozhikode]], Kerala – a 42-year-old man who returned from [[Abu Dhabi]] and a 27-year-old person from Cherapuram.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/two-persons-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-kozhikode/articleshow/74762444.cms|title=Two persons test positive for coronavirus in Kozhikode|work=The Times of India|archive-date=3 December 2024|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203183153/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/two-persons-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-kozhikode/articleshow/74762444.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Manipur]] reported its first case in a woman who had returned from the UK.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Manipur Woman Who Returned From UK Has Coronavirus, 1st in North-East| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/first-coronavirus-case-in-north-east-woman-who-returned-from-uk-tests-positive-in-manipur-2199615?amp=1&akamai-rum=off|website=ndtv india}}</ref> In [[Maharashtra]], four more cases were reported – three from [[Pune]] and one from [[Satara (city)|Satara]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra COVID-19 positive cases rise to 101| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/maharashtra-covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-101-satara-health-department-600956|website=indiatv| date=24 March 2020}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in [[Telangana]] – one each from [[Kokapet]], [[Chanda Nagar]] and [[Begumpet]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Telangana COVID-19 cases rise to 35; 3 new cases reported from Kokapet, Chand Nagar, Begumpet| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/telangana-covid-19-cases-rise-to-35-3-new-cases-reported-from-kokapet-chand-nagar-begumpet-601016|website=indiatv| date=24 March 2020}}</ref> Six more people tested positive in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], all of whom had come in contact with the 70-year-old [[Nawanshahr]] resident who had tested positive for the infection and died of cardiac arrest the previous week.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-6-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-punjab-tally-rise-to-29-11585063341475.html|title=Coronavirus: 6 more test positive for Covid-19 in Punjab, tally rise to 29|work=Livemint|archive-date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324165400/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-6-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-punjab-tally-rise-to-29-11585063341475.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in [[Chennai]] – a 74-year-old male and a 52-year-old female who had returned from the United States and a 25-year-old female who had returned from [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-chennai-gets-3-new-cases-tamil-nadu-tally-reaches-15-11585047391874.html|title=Coronavirus update: Chennai gets 3 new cases, Tamil Nadu tally reaches 15|work=Livemint|archive-date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324170051/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-chennai-gets-3-new-cases-tamil-nadu-tally-reaches-15-11585047391874.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mizoram]] reported its first case in a 50-year-old man with a travel history of [[Qatar]], Amsterdam, [[Istanbul]] and [[Doha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/narendra-modi-on-coronavirus-speech-live-updates-streaming-watch-india-pm-address-to-nation-on-covid-19-today-latest-news-lockdown-janata-curfew-8182241.html|title=Coronavirus Outbreak LIVE Updates|work=Firstpost|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325021836/https://www.firstpost.com/health/narendra-modi-on-coronavirus-speech-live-updates-streaming-watch-india-pm-address-to-nation-on-covid-19-today-latest-news-lockdown-janata-curfew-8182241.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 25–26 March===
*'''On 25 March,''' a 54-year-old man from [[Madurai]] in Tamil Nadu, a 65-year-old woman from [[Indore]] in Madhya Pradesh and an 85-year-old woman from [[Ahmedabad]] in Gujarat became the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth victims of the virus in the country.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/85-year-old-woman-dies-of-coronavirus-in-ahmedabad-india-s-death-toll-now-at-12-1659731-2020-03-25|title=85-year-old woman dies of coronavirus in Ahmedabad. India's death toll now at 12|work=India Today}}</ref> A 29-year-old from [[Patna]], Bihar, who had returned from [[Gujarat]] tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One more tests positive for COVID-19 in Bihar| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/one-more-tests-positive-for-covid19-in-bihar/1779284|website=outlookindia}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in [[Gujarat]] – one each from [[Ahmedabad]], [[Surat]] and [[Vadodara]], of which one was related to travel history to [[Dubai]] and two were local transmissions.<ref>{{cite news|title=3 new coronavirus cases in Gujarat; total rises to 38|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/3-new-covid-19-cases-in-gujarat-total-rises-to-38/articleshow/74804864.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=26 March 2020|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903204046/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/3-new-covid-19-cases-in-gujarat-total-rises-to-38/articleshow/74804864.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Madhya Pradesh]], a journalist, who had attended the final press conference of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader [[Kamal Nath]] as the [[Chief minister (India)|CM]], tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: Journo who was at Kamal Nath's last presser as CM tests positive| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-journalist-tests-positive-mp-kamal-nath-press-conference-1659519-2020-03-25|website=India Today |date=25 March 2020 }}</ref> Five more cases were reported in [[Tamil Nadu]] – four [[Indonesians]] and their [[Guide|travel guide]] from [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu reports five new coronavirus cases; tally goes up to 23|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-reports-five-new-coronavirus-cases-tally-goes-up-to-23/articleshow/74810591.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=26 March 2020|archive-date=22 April 2024|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422193919/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-reports-five-new-coronavirus-cases-tally-goes-up-to-23/articleshow/74810591.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Six more cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]] – five from [[Mumbai]] and one from [[Thane]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/976134-covid-19-maharashtra-tally-122-six-more-test-positive|title=COVID-19: Maharashtra tally 122; six more test positive|work=Devdiscourse|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325140755/https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/976134-covid-19-maharashtra-tally-122-six-more-test-positive|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Maharashtra]], a 65-year-old woman who used to serve lunch near a corporate office in [[Mumbai]]'s [[Prabhadevi]] tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-hawker-mumbai-prabhadevi-test-positive-coronavirus-1659728-2020-03-25|title=Maharashtra: Hawker in Mumbai's Prabhadevi tests positive for coronavirus|work=India Today|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326061418/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-hawker-mumbai-prabhadevi-test-positive-coronavirus-1659728-2020-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''On 26 March,''' a 65-year-old man from [[Srinagar]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kashmir-reports-first-coronavirus-death-1659822-2020-03-26|title=Man dies of coronavirus in Kashmir after attending Islamic congregation with Indonesians|work=India Today|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326062222/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kashmir-reports-first-coronavirus-death-1659822-2020-03-26|url-status=live}}</ref> a 70-year-old man from [[Bhavnagar]] in Gujarat<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/70-yr-old-covid-19-patient-dies-in-gujarat-state-toll-rises-to-3/articleshow/74824464.cms|title=70-yr-old coronavirus patient dies in Gujarat; state toll rises to 3|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=27 April 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427222052/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/70-yr-old-covid-19-patient-dies-in-gujarat-state-toll-rises-to-3/articleshow/74824464.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and a 75-year-old woman from [[Gauribidanur]] in Karnataka,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-reports-second-death-due-to-covid-19/articleshow/74827474.cms|title=Karnataka reports second death due to Covid-19|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903194040/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-reports-second-death-due-to-covid-19/articleshow/74827474.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> a 65-year-old woman from [[Navi Mumbai]] in Maharashtra<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/covid-19-patient-dies-mumbai-5-deaths-maharashtra-1660131-2020-03-26|title=Covid-19 patient dies in Mumbai, 5 deaths in Maharashtra so far|work=India Today|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326184307/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/covid-19-patient-dies-mumbai-5-deaths-maharashtra-1660131-2020-03-26|url-status=live}}</ref> and a 73-year-old man from [[Bhilwara district]] in Rajasthan<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/26/73-year-old-covid-19-positive-man-dies-in-rajasthans-bhilwara-2121869.html |title=73-year-old COVID-19 positive man dies in Rajasthan's Bhilwara |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |date=26 March 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407090136/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/26/73-year-old-covid-19-positive-man-dies-in-rajasthans-bhilwara-2121869.html |url-status=live }}</ref> became the fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth victims of the virus in the country. Three more cases were reported in Goa – a 25-year-old man who returned from Spain, a 29-year-old man who returned from Australia and a 55-year-old man who returned from the US.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-three-found-positive-in-goa-youngest-is-25-years-11585174168373.html|title=Coronavirus: Three found positive in Goa, youngest is 25 years|website=Livemint|date=26 March 2020}}</ref> Four more people tested positive in [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh – a 21-year-old woman whose parents had tested positive, a 32-year-old man who had returned from [[Dubai]], a 33-year-old woman and a 39-year-old man.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/four-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-lucknow20200326115116/|title=Four new COVID-19 cases reported in Lucknow|work=ANI News|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326065505/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/four-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-lucknow20200326115116/|url-status=live}}</ref> Five more people tested positive in [[Telangana]] – a 3-year-old kid who had returned from [[Saudi Arabia]], a middle-aged lady who was the primary contact of another person who had tested positive, a 49-year-old man from [[Medchal]], a 36-year-old lady doctor from [[Domalguda]] and her 41-year-old doctor husband.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/two-more-including-a-3-year-old-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-telangana-11585158461283.html|title=Two more, including a 3-year-old, test positive for Covid-19 in Telangana|website=Livemint|date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/three-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-telangana/article31171686.ece|title=Telangana reports three more COVID-19 positive cases including a doctor couple|work=The Hindu|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326110030/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/three-more-covid-19-positive-cases-in-telangana/article31171686.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Five more cases were reported in [[Indore]], Madhya Pradesh, none of which were linked to foreign travel history.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} Three more cases were reported in [[Noida]], Uttar Pradesh, all related to each other – a 21-year-old woman whose parents had tested positive, 39-year-old man who was a co-worker of the 21-year-old woman's father and his 33-year-old wife.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/three-more-positive-cases-from-noida-total-14/articleshow/74824471.cms|title=Three more positive cases from Noida; total 14 |last1=Sinha|first1=Snehil Sinha|website=The Times of India|date=26 March 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref> [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] reported its first case – a man who had returned from [[Chennai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/andaman-and-nicobar-report-first-positive-case-of-covid-19-601707|title=Andaman and Nicobar reports first positive case of COVID-19|last1=Rao|first1=Madhu|date=26 March 2020|publisher=India TV|access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref> Two more cases were confirmed in [[Maharashtra]] – one each from [[Mumbai]] and [[Thane]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-2-new-cases-in-mumbai-thane-maharashtra-total-rises-to-124-11585196272814.html|title=Coronavirus: 2 new cases in Mumbai, Thane; Maharashtra total rises to 124|website=Livemint|date=26 March 2020}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in [[Bihar]] – a 20-year-old man from [[Patna]] who had no travel history; a 40-year-old woman and a 12-year-old boy from [[Munger district]] who had come in contact with the 38-year-old man from the state who had succumbed to the virus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/two-more-covid-19-cases-in-bihar-total-count-six/articleshow/74825552.cms|title=Bihar reports two more Covid-19 cases, total count six|work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-cases-in-bihar-news-and-updates/articleshow/74833815.cms|title=Coronavirus in Bihar: 20-year old tests positive, total cases in the state increase to seven|work=Business Insider|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326235118/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-cases-in-bihar-news-and-updates/articleshow/74833815.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> two more positive cases were reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Andhra Pradesh: Two more test positive, total case in state increase to 10| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-cases-in-andhra-pradesh-news-and-updates/articleshow/74828808.cms|website=Business Insider}}</ref>

=== 27–28 March===
*'''On 27 March,''' a 65-year-old woman from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/maharashtra-reports-fifth-coronavirus-death-highest-in-india-817991.html|title=Maharashtra reports fifth coronavirus death; highest in India|date=26 March 2020|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> a 65-year-old man from [[Indore]] in Madhya Pradesh,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-65-year-old-man-dies-in-indore/article31182098.ece|title=COVID-19 : 65-year-old-man dies in Indore|last1=Yadav|first1=Sidharth|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329164134/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-65-year-old-man-dies-in-indore/article31182098.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> a 60-year-old man from [[Tumakuru]] in Karnataka<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka reports third COVID-19 death; total positive cases in state mounts to 62 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-reports-third-covid-19-death/articleshow/74844798.cms |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413211157/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-reports-third-covid-19-death/articleshow/74844798.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and a 38-year-old man from [[Ujjain]] in Madhya Pradesh became the nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first and twenty-second victims of the virus in the country. [[Kerala]] confirmed thirty-nine more cases – thirty-three from [[Kasaragod district]], two from [[Kannur]] and one each from [[Thrissur]], [[Kozhikode]] and [[Kollam]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-in-kerala-39-new-cases-reported-total-patients-in-state-at-164/videoshow/74850428.cms|title=Coronavirus in Kerala: 39 new cases reported, total patients in state at 164|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903115848/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-in-kerala-39-new-cases-reported-total-patients-in-state-at-164/videoshow/74850428.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Twenty-eight cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/toddler-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-navi-mumbai-28-new-cases-detected-across-maharashtra-2554265.html|title=Toddler Tests Positive for Coronavirus in Navi Mumbai, 28 New Cases Detected Across Maharashtra|work=News18 India|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328143933/https://www.news18.com/news/india/toddler-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-navi-mumbai-28-new-cases-detected-across-maharashtra-2554265.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Telangana]] confirmed fourteen more cases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/covid-19-with-14-new-cases-telangana-records-biggest-jump-in-one-day-to-59-818379.html|title=COVID-19: With 14 new cases, Telangana records biggest jump in one day to 59|work=Deccan Herald|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328144603/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/covid-19-with-14-new-cases-telangana-records-biggest-jump-in-one-day-to-59-818379.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ten more cases were reported in [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-cases-in-mp-madhya-pradesh-news-and-updates/articleshow/74821979.cms|title=Coronavirus cases in MP rises to 27 with ten new cases in Indore|work=Business Insider|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326233833/https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-cases-in-mp-madhya-pradesh-news-and-updates/articleshow/74821979.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Karnataka]] reported nine more cases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ten-month-old-baby-among-nine-new-covid-19-cases-in-karnataka-11585324591088.html|title=Ten-month old baby among nine new COVID-19 cases in Karnataka|work=Livemint|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328152624/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ten-month-old-baby-among-nine-new-covid-19-cases-in-karnataka-11585324591088.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Odisha]] reported a case in a person who had returned to [[Bhubaneswar]] from Delhi.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-third-covid-19-case-in-odisha-60-year-old-man-had-travelled-from-delhi/story-8B3SgyTCndhCJXVcNF1RzI.html|title=Third Covid-19 case in Odisha; 60-year-old man had travelled from Delhi|website=Hindustan Times|date=27 March 2020}}</ref> One more case was confirmed in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] in a man in his mid-30s who had travelled with the first positive case in the [[Union Territory]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/second-person-tests-coronavirus-positive-in-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-11585278001269.html|title=Second person tests coronavirus positive in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|date=27 March 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> Two more cases were reported in [[Bihar]]- a person from [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]] who had returned from [[Dubai]] and a person from [[Nalanda]] who had no travel history.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Two more coronavirus cases in Bihar, count reaches 9| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/two-more-coronavirus-cases-in-bihar-count-reaches-9-11585283227094.html|website=Livemint| date=27 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> In [[Andhra Pradesh]], a man who had come in contact with an afflicted patient in [[Visakhapatnam]] tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-cases-in-ap-rises-to-12-as-one-more-tests-positive/articleshow/74842226.cms|title=COVID-19 cases in AP rises to 12 as one more tests positive|date=27 March 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413050935/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-cases-in-ap-rises-to-12-as-one-more-tests-positive/articleshow/74842226.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> One more case was reported in [[Chandigarh]] in a person who had returned from [[Dubai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Chandigarh reports a new case; the total number of cases now stands at 8| url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-chandigarh-another-positive-case-covid-19-confirmed-cases-en/|website=PTC News| date=27 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> Five local transmissions were reported in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] – three from [[SBS Nagar]] and one each from [[Jalandhar]] and [[Sas nagar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/27-year-old-jalandhar-man-found-positive-for-coronavirus-district-count-goes-up-to-5-61835|title=Punjab reports 5 new cases, count reaches 38|work=The Tribune|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074302/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/27-year-old-jalandhar-man-found-positive-for-coronavirus-district-count-goes-up-to-5-61835/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Seven cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]] – two each from [[Bhilwara]] and [[Dungarpur]], and one each from [[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]] and [[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/rajasthan-reports-7-more-covid-19-positive-cases-154014153.html|title=Rajasthan reports 7 more COVID-19 positive cases, total count 50|date=27 March 2020|website=Yahoo|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref>
*'''On 28 March,''' a 60-year-old Yemeni national who had traveled to Delhi as a potential liver donor,<ref>{{cite news |title=60-year-old Yemeni national dies due to coronavirus in Delhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-yemen-national-is-2nd-coronavirus-casualty-in-delhi/story-qzIqICzaQnI7JkKDPEQm4N.html |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329020532/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-yemen-national-is-2nd-coronavirus-casualty-in-delhi/story-qzIqICzaQnI7JkKDPEQm4N.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a 69-year-old man from [[Ernakulam]] in Kerala who had returned from [[Dubai]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala reports first coronavirus death; India death toll rises to 20 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-reports-first-coronavirus-death-india-death-toll-rises-to-20-11585378511923.html |access-date=29 March 2020 |publisher=Livemint |date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329062940/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-reports-first-coronavirus-death-india-death-toll-rises-to-20-11585378511923.html |url-status=live }}</ref> an 85-year-old retired [[Urology|urologist]] from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai hospital units sealed after doctor dies of COVID-19 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/mumbai-hospital-units-sealed-after-doctor-dies-of-covid-19-818717.html |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329074752/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/mumbai-hospital-units-sealed-after-doctor-dies-of-covid-19-818717.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a 74-year-old man from [[Hyderabad]] in [[Telangana]] who had returned from a religious congregation in New Delhi,<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana reports first coronavirus death |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/telangana-reports-first-coronavirus-death-818710.html |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329074750/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/telangana-reports-first-coronavirus-death-818710.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a 46-year-old from [[Ahmedabad]] in Gujarat<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat records fourth coronavirus death |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/gujarat-records-fourth-coronavirus-death-818614.html |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329072900/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/gujarat-records-fourth-coronavirus-death-818614.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and a 74-year-old man from [[Telangana]]<ref>{{cite news |title=First Covid-19 death in Telangana; 6 more positive cases |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/first-covid-19-death-in-telangana-6-more-positive-cases/article31193722.ece |access-date=6 April 2020 |publisher=The Hindu – Business Line |date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173309/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/first-covid-19-death-in-telangana-6-more-positive-cases/article31193722.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> became the twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth victims of the virus in the country. Fourteen more cases were registered in [[Maharashtra]] – twelve from [[Mumbai]] and two from [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/14-new-coronavirus-cases-found-in-maharashtra-number-rises-to-167/story-4viw7bd0l3zuFOExJ0OduO.html|title=14 new coronavirus cases found in Maharashtra, number rises to 167|work=Hindustan Times|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074309/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/14-new-coronavirus-cases-found-in-maharashtra-number-rises-to-167/story-4viw7bd0l3zuFOExJ0OduO.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> Seventeen more cases were confirmed in [[Karnataka]] – sixteen linked to other cases and a man from [[Bengaluru]] who had returned from London, UK.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/mar/28/total-cases-in-karnataka-jumps-to-81-as-five-more-test-positive-in-mysuru-2122809.html|title=Total cases in Karnataka jumps to 81 as five more test positive in Mysuru|work=The New Indian Express|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328182235/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/mar/28/total-cases-in-karnataka-jumps-to-81-as-five-more-test-positive-in-mysuru-2122809.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Thirteen more cases were confirmed in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] – nine from [[Srinagar]], three from [[Jammu]] and one from [[Ganderbal]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.thekashmirmonitor.net/covid19-huge-spike-in-cases-as-13-test-positive-in-jk-today-toll-reaches-33/amp/|title=COVID19: Huge spike in cases as 13 test positive in J&K today, toll reaches 33|date=28 March 2020|website=The Kashmir Monitor|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Three more cases were confirmed in [[Madhya Pradesh]] – two from [[Indore]] and one from [[Ujjain]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Three more coronavirus cases in Madhya Pradesh, count 29| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/three-more-coronavirus-cases-in-madhya-pradesh-count-29-5081971.html|website=Moneycontrol| date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Four more cases were confirmed in [[Rajasthan]] – a 23-year-old man in [[Ajmer]] who had travelled to [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and three staff members of a private hospital in [[Bhilwara]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/4-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-rajasthan-number-of-cases-touches-54-818573.html|title=4 more test positive for COVID-19 in Rajasthan; number of cases touches 54|date=28 March 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328135822/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/4-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-rajasthan-number-of-cases-touches-54-818573.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gujarat]] reported six more cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=6 more test coronavirus positive in Gujarat, count now 53 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/6-more-test-coronavirus-positive-in-gujarat-count-now-53-1660636-2020-03-28 |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=India Today |date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328090402/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/6-more-test-coronavirus-positive-in-gujarat-count-now-53-1660636-2020-03-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tamil Nadu]] reported two more cases – one from [[Kumbakonam]] and another from [[Katpadi]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://stopcoronatn.in/files/Media_Bulletin_28_03_2020.pdf|title=Media_Bulletin_28_03_2020.pdf|website=Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328125841/https://stopcoronatn.in/files/Media_Bulletin_28_03_2020.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Two more coronavirus positive cases in Tamil Nadu|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/two-more-coronavirus-positive-cases-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/74859992.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330085253/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/two-more-coronavirus-positive-cases-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/74859992.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kerala]] reported six more cases – two from [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] and one each from [[Kollam]], [[Palakkad]], [[Malappuram]] and [[Kasaragod]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/28/coronavirus-cases-in-kerala-pinarayi-vijayan.html|title=Coronavirus: 6 more test positive in Kerala on Saturday|work=Malayala Manorama|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329133755/https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/28/coronavirus-cases-in-kerala-pinarayi-vijayan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Five more cases were reported in [[Uttar Pradesh]] – three from [[Noida]] and one each from [[Greater Noida]] and [[Gautam Buddh Nagar district|Gautam Buddha Nagar district]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.businesstoday.in/story/coronavirus-five-new-cases-reported-in-noida-number-rises-to-22/1/399500.html|title=Coronavirus: Five new cases reported in Noida; number rises to 22|work=Business Today|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329144034/https://m.businesstoday.in/story/coronavirus-five-new-cases-reported-in-noida-number-rises-to-22/1/399500.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Another case was reported in [[Uttarakhand]] in a 21-year-old man from [[Dehradun]] who had a travel history to [[Dubai]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sixth-covid-19-cases-in-uttarkhand-dubai-returned-youth-turns-positive/story-6VrDdrgm8PDCosK7F3kGzJ.html|title=Sixth Covid-19 cases in Uttarkhand, Dubai returned youth turns positive|work=Hindustan Times|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074315/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sixth-covid-19-cases-in-uttarkhand-dubai-returned-youth-turns-positive/story-6VrDdrgm8PDCosK7F3kGzJ.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> A 21-year-old man from [[Raipur]] in Chhattisgarh who had returned from London, UK tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/another-covid-19-case-in-chhattisgarh-tally-rises-to-7-818676.html|title=Another COVID-19 case in Chhattisgarh, tally rises to 7|work=Deccan Herald|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328135833/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/another-covid-19-case-in-chhattisgarh-tally-rises-to-7-818676.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Six more cases were reported in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-indias-plan-to-build-gas-economy-receives-setback/1783290?scroll|title=First coronavirus death in Telangana, six more test positive|work=Outlook|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328144004/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-indias-plan-to-build-gas-economy-receives-setback/1783290%3Fscroll|url-status=live}}</ref> Three more people tested positive in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], all of whom had attended a religious programme in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/3-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-andaman-islands-after-returning-from-delhi-total-cases-rise-to-9-2555381.html|title=3 More Test Positive for Covid-19 in Andaman Islands After Returning from Delhi, Total Cases Rise to 9|work=News18 India|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329135603/https://www.news18.com/news/india/3-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-andaman-islands-after-returning-from-delhi-total-cases-rise-to-9-2555381.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three women in [[West Bengal]], two of whom had come in contact with another positive case, tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/three-fresh-covid-19-cases-detected-in-west-bengal-all-are-women/story-eopQm7vNqnvBm3bq4v8h5I.html|title=Three fresh Covid-19 cases detected in West Bengal, all are women|work=Hindustan Times|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074319/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/three-fresh-covid-19-cases-detected-in-west-bengal-all-are-women/story-eopQm7vNqnvBm3bq4v8h5I.html/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 29–30 March ===
[[File:Corona Lockdown Tirupur, Tamil Nadu (2).jpg|thumb|Empty store shelves in [[Tiruppur]] due to panic buying prior to lockdown]]
* '''On 29 March,''' a 45-year-old man from [[Ahmedabad]] in Gujarat,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://english.jagran.com/india/coronavirus-outbreak-45yearold-covid19-patient-dies-in-gujarat-india-toll-rises-to22-10010137|title=Coronavirus Outbreak {{!}} 45-year-old COVID-19 patient dies in Gujarat, India toll rises to 25|date=29 March 2020|website=Jagran English|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> a 52-year-old man from [[Srinagar]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]],<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/second-coronavirus-death-in-jammu-and-kashmir-52-year-old-man-dies-2202467|title=Second Coronavirus Death in Jammu And Kashmir, 52-Year-Old Man Dies|date=29 March 2020|website=ndtv.com|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> a 40-year-old woman from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/covid-19-40-year-old-mumbai-woman-dies-coronavirus-maharashtra-death-toll-7-602537|title=40-year-old Mumbai woman dies due to coronavirus; Maharashtra death toll at 7|date=29 March 2020|work=India TV news|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> a 45-year-old man from [[Buldhana]] in Maharashtra<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtras-coronavirus-death-toll-8-positive-cases-cross-200/articleshow/74877345.cms|title=Maharashtra's coronavirus death toll 8, positive cases cross 200|date=29 March 2020|work=India Today|access-date=30 March 2020|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526215346/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtras-coronavirus-death-toll-8-positive-cases-cross-200/articleshow/74877345.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and a 62-year-old man from [[Hoshiarpur district]] in Punjab became twenty-ninth, thirtieth, thirty-first, thirty-second and thirty-third victims of the virus in the country. Twenty-three cases were registered in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/23-fresh-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-delhi-total-rises-to-72/articleshow/74877009.cms|title=Coronavirus outbreak: 23 fresh Covid-19 cases reported in Delhi, total rises to 72|date=29 March 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> Twenty-two more cases were confirmed in [[Maharashtra]] – ten from [[Mumbai]], five from [[Pune]], three from [[Nagpur]], three from [[Ahmednagar]] and one each from [[Sangli]], [[Buldhana]] and [[Jalgaon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/covid-19-cases-rises-to-203-in-maharashtra20200329200546/|title=COVID-19 cases rises to 203 in Maharashtra|date=29 March 2020|work=ANI|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329154847/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/covid-19-cases-rises-to-203-in-maharashtra20200329200546/|url-status=live}}</ref> Twenty more cases were reported in [[Kerala]] – eight from [[Kannur district]], seven from [[Kasaragod]] and one each from [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Thrissur]], [[Palakkad]] and [[Malappuram]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-confirms-20-more-covid-19-patients-11585488598365.html|title=Kerala confirms 20 more Covid-19 patients|date=29 March 2020|work=Livemint|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329141510/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-confirms-20-more-covid-19-patients-11585488598365.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tamil Nadu]] reported eight more cases, all of which were linked to the two Thai nationals and their group who had tested positive.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/10-month-old-baby-and-7-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-tamil-nadu-states-tally-rises-to-50-818967.html|title=10-month-old baby and 7 more test positive for COVID-19 in Tamil Nadu; state's tally rises to 50|date=29 March 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329142751/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/10-month-old-baby-and-7-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-tamil-nadu-states-tally-rises-to-50-818967.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gujarat]] registered eight more cases – four from [[Ahmedabad]] and one each from [[Rajkot]], [[Surat]], [[Porbandar]] and [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/guj-coronavirus-positive-cases-rise-to-63-death-toll-now-5/1784329|title=Guj: Coronavirus positive cases rise to 63, death toll now 5|work=Outlook|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329160348/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/guj-coronavirus-positive-cases-rise-to-63-death-toll-now-5/1784329|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] reported five more cases – two from [[Srinagar]], two from [[Budgam]] and one from [[Baramulla]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/5-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-jammu-and-kashmir-total-cases-38/|title=5 more test positive for Covid-19 in Jammu and Kashmir, total cases 38|date=29 March 2020|work=Greater Kashmir|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329102352/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/5-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-jammu-and-kashmir-total-cases-38/|url-status=live}}</ref> Four more cases were reported in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/4-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-bihar-number-rises-to-15-818991.html|title=4 fresh COVID-19 cases in Bihar, number rises to 15|date=29 March 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329161018/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/4-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-bihar-number-rises-to-15-818991.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Five more cases were detected in [[Rajasthan]] – three from [[Ajmer]] and one each from [[Bhilwara]] and [[Jhunjhunu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/covid-19-patients-family-members-test-positive-in-rajasthan20200330033318/|title=COVID-19 patient's family members test positive in Rajasthan|work=ANI|archive-date=5 May 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505005457/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/covid-19-patients-family-members-test-positive-in-rajasthan20200330033318/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/jaipur/two-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-tally-reaches-56-in-rajasthan/articleshow/74873811.cms|title=Two more test positive for Covid-19, tally reaches 56 in Rajasthan|date=29 March 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> First case reported positive in [[Ambala]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/first-case-in-ambala-head-constable-in-mumbai-among-several-covid-19-cases-detected-on-saturday20200329054830/|title=First case in Ambala, head constable in Mumbai among several COVID-19 cases detected on Saturday|date=29 March 2020|website=aninews|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> Two people, one of whom was a brother of one of the other cases, tested positive in [[Goa]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/29/two-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-goa-state-wide-count-reaches-five-2123097.html|title=Two more test positive for coronavirus in Goa, state-wide count reaches five|date=29 March 2020|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329144011/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/29/two-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-goa-state-wide-count-reaches-five-2123097.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Two more local transmissions were reported in [[Visakhapatnam]], Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/two-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-visakhapatnam20200329224620/|title=Two new COVID-19 cases reported in Visakhapatnam|date=29 March 2020|work=ANI|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173255/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/two-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-visakhapatnam20200329224620/|url-status=live}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in [[West Bengal]] – 51-year-old army [[Anesthesiology|anaesthesiologist]] from [[Kolkata]] who had returned from Delhi, a 66-year-old retired government employee from [[Baranagar]] and a 59-year-old man.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/three-more-test-positive-in-west-bengal-state-count-now-21/articleshow/74883895.cms|title=Three more test positive in West Bengal, state count now 21|work=The Times of India|archive-date=30 November 2024|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130082211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/three-more-test-positive-in-west-bengal-state-count-now-21/articleshow/74883895.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Three more cases were reported in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/three-fresh-coronavirus-cases-in-telangana-total-rises-to-70/articleshow/74878954.cms|title=Three fresh coronavirus cases in Telangana; total rises to 70|work=The Times of India|archive-date=30 November 2024|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130085828/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/three-fresh-coronavirus-cases-in-telangana-total-rises-to-70/articleshow/74878954.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 30 March,''' a 45-year-old woman from [[Bhavnagar]] in Gujarat,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/45-year-old-woman-dies-of-covid-19-in-gujarats-bhavnagar-state-toll-reaches-six/articleshow/74883969.cms|title=45-year-old woman dies of Covid-19 in Gujarat's Bhavnagar, state toll reaches six|work=The Times of India|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/45-year-old-woman-dies-of-covid-19-in-gujarats-bhavnagar-state-toll-reaches-six/articleshow/74883969.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> a 44-year-old woman from [[Kalimpong]] in West Bengal,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-west-bengal-records-2nd-covid-19-death-44-yr-old-dies-in-kalimpong/story-4LYTPOfYV4GpdfYL9npuYP.html|title=Coronavirus Update: West Bengal records 2nd Covid-19 death, 44-yr-old dies in Kalimpong|work=Hindustan Times|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074326/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-update-west-bengal-records-2nd-covid-19-death-44-yr-old-dies-in-kalimpong/story-4LYTPOfYV4GpdfYL9npuYP.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> a 52-year-old man from [[Pune]] in Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/52-year-old-passes-away-in-pune-due-to-covid-19-death-toll-in-maharashtra-reaches-9/articleshow/74888799.cms|title=52-year-old passes away in Pune due to COVID-19, death toll in Maharashtra reaches 9|work=Pune Mirror|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401034728/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/52-year-old-passes-away-in-pune-due-to-covid-19-death-toll-in-maharashtra-reaches-9/articleshow/74888799.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> a 42-year-old woman from [[Ludhiana]] in Punjab,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/coronavirus-positive-woman-from-ludhiana-dies-at-hospital-punjabs-death-toll-rises-to-three/articleshow/74898013.cms|title=Coronavirus-positive woman from Ludhiana dies at hospital; Punjab's death toll rises to three|work=Pune Mirror|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502202742/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/coronavirus-positive-woman-from-ludhiana-dies-at-hospital-punjabs-death-toll-rises-to-three/articleshow/74898013.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> a 41-year-old man from [[Indore]] in Madhya Pradesh<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh reports fourth coronavirus death |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/madhya-pradesh-reports-fourth-coronavirus-death-1661405-2020-03-30 |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=India Today |date=30 March 2020 |archive-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401000524/https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/madhya-pradesh-reports-fourth-coronavirus-death-1661405-2020-03-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> a 49-year-old woman from [[Indore]] in Madhya Pradesh,<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh reports 5th coronavirus death as 49-year-old dies at Indore |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/31/madhya-pradesh-reports-5th-coronavirus-death-as-49-year-old-dies-at-indore-2123846.html |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=3 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403215311/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/mar/31/madhya-pradesh-reports-5th-coronavirus-death-as-49-year-old-dies-at-indore-2123846.html |url-status=live }}</ref> an 80-year-old man from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra,<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: 80-year-old dies due to Coronavirus |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/news/india-maharashtra-80-year-old-dies-due-to-coronavirus-1185311 |access-date=2 April 2020 |publisher=ABP News |date=30 March 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331170038/https://news.abplive.com/videos/news/india-maharashtra-80-year-old-dies-due-to-coronavirus-1185311 |url-status=live }}</ref> five persons from [[Telangana]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana reports five more coronavirus deaths |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/telangana-reports-five-more-coronavirus-deaths/article31214080.ece |access-date=2 April 2020 |publisher=The Hindu – Business Line |date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=3 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403211916/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/telangana-reports-five-more-coronavirus-deaths/article31214080.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> a 25-year-old man from [[Basti district]] in Uttar Pradesh<ref>{{cite news |title=Uttar Pradesh records first Covid-19 fatality with death of 25-year-old |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uttar-pradesh-reports-first-death-from-covid-19/articleshow/74926267.cms |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512233617/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uttar-pradesh-reports-first-death-from-covid-19/articleshow/74926267.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and a 48-year-old woman from [[Howrah]] in West Bengal<ref>{{cite news |title=Third Coronavirus Death in West Bengal, Family Of One Victim Alleges Negligence |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/west-bengal-coronavirus-updates-third-death_in_5e82c032c5b6d38d98a3b569 |access-date=2 April 2020 |publisher=HuffPost India |date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=3 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403132741/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/west-bengal-coronavirus-updates-third-death_in_5e82c032c5b6d38d98a3b569 |url-status=live }}</ref> became the thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first, forty-second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifty, forty-sixth and forty-seventh victims of the virus in the country. Thirty-two cases were detected in [[Kerala]], of which seventeen were linked to foreign travel history and fifteen were local transmissions.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/30/coronavirus-covid19-kerala-pinarayi-vijayan-daily-cases.html|title=COVID-19: 32 more test positive in Kerala, total number rises to 234|work=Malayala Manorama|archive-date=31 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331155559/https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/03/30/coronavirus-covid19-kerala-pinarayi-vijayan-daily-cases.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A 49-year-old man from [[Kakinada]] and a 72-year-old man from [[Rajahmundry]] tested positive in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/ap-reports-two-more-coronavirus-cases-total-rises-to-23/1784669|title=AP reports two more coronavirus cases, total rises to 23|date=30 March 2020|website=outlookindia|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Seventeen more cases were reported in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/covid-19-cases-spike-tamil-nadu-17-new-cases-reported-monday-121438|title=COVID-19 cases spike in Tamil Nadu, 17 new cases reported on Monday|work=The News Minute|archive-date=31 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331205001/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/covid-19-cases-spike-tamil-nadu-17-new-cases-reported-monday-121438|url-status=live}}</ref> One more case was confirmed in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One more tests positive for Covid-19 in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, total cases rise to 10| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/andaman-and-nicobar-islands-coronavirus-positive-1661335-2020-03-30|website=India Today| date= 30 March 2020|access-date= 30 March 2020}}</ref> [[Gujarat]] confirmed six more cases – five from [[Bhavnagar]] and one from [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gujarat-reports-69-coronavirus-cases-six-deaths/1784794|title=Gujarat reports 69 coronavirus cases, six deaths|work=Outlook|archive-date=4 May 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504193940/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gujarat-reports-69-coronavirus-cases-six-deaths/1784794|url-status=live}}</ref> Eight more cases were registered in [[Madhya Pradesh]] – seven from [[Indore]] and one from [[Ujjain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/madhya-pradesh-gets-8-new-covid-19-cases-total-reaches-47/article31203330.ece|title=Madhya Pradesh gets 8 new Covid-19 cases; total reaches 47|work=The Hindu – Business Line|archive-date=31 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331160945/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/madhya-pradesh-gets-8-new-covid-19-cases-total-reaches-47/article31203330.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Punjab]] registered three more cases – one each from [[Mohali]], [[Ludhiana]] and [[Patiala]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana-woman-dies-of-coronavirus-punjab-toll-3-now-63172|title=Ludhiana woman dies of coronavirus; Punjab toll 3 now|work=The Tribune|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074336/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/ludhiana-woman-dies-of-coronavirus-punjab-toll-3-now-63172/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] reported eleven more cases – eight from [[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]] and three from [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] division.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/11-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-j-k-tally-climbs-to-4920200330225635/|title=11 test positive for COVID-19 in J-K, tally climbs to 49|work=ANI|archive-date=1 April 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401035240/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/11-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-j-k-tally-climbs-to-4920200330225635/|url-status=live}}</ref> Five more cases were confirmed in [[Chandigarh]] – an [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]] couple who reside in Canada and three local transmissions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh-reports-five-more-coronavirus-cases-tally-now-13-63201|title=Chandigarh reports five more coronavirus cases; tally now 13|date=30 March 2020|website=The Tribune|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Seven more people tested positive in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-telangana-reports-second-death-total-cases-at-77/1785602|title=COVID-19; Telangana reports second death; total cases at 77|work=Outlook|archive-date=1 May 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501233001/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-telangana-reports-second-death-total-cases-at-77/1785602|url-status=live}}</ref> Twenty-five more people tested positive in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/25-new-coronavirus-cases-in-delhi-today-97-have-tested-positive-so-far-2203215|title=With 25 Cases Today, Delhi Coronavirus Numbers Rise To 97|publisher=NDTV|archive-date=30 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330204431/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/25-new-coronavirus-cases-in-delhi-today-97-have-tested-positive-so-far-2203215|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Maharashtra]] registered seventeen more cases – eight from [[Mumbai]], five from [[Pune]], two from [[Nagpur]] and one each from [[Nashik]] and [[Kolhapur]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-maharashtra-toll-rises-to-10-case-count-up-to-220/1785555|title=COVID-19: Maharashtra toll rises to 10; case count up to 220|work=Outlook|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074353/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-maharashtra-toll-rises-to-10-case-count-up-to-220/1785555/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sixteen more cases were reported in [[Uttar Pradesh]] – seven from [[Noida]], six from [[Meerut]] and one each from [[Lucknow]], [[Agra]] and [[Bulandshahr]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/covid-19-hotspots-noida-and-meerut-account-for-60-cases-in-uttar-pradesh/articleshow/74899409.cms|title=Covid-19: Hotspots Noida and Meerut account for 60% cases in Uttar Pradesh|work=The Times of India|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903165009/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/covid-19-hotspots-noida-and-meerut-account-for-60-cases-in-uttar-pradesh/articleshow/74899409.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Twenty cases were detected in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/984835-20-fresh-coronavirus-cases-including-10-in-jaipur-reported-in-rajasthan-total-rises-to-79-officials|title=20 fresh coronavirus cases, including 10 in Jaipur, reported in Rajasthan; total rises to 79: Officials.|work=Devdiscourse|archive-date=3 May 2020|access-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503065732/https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/984835-20-fresh-coronavirus-cases-including-10-in-jaipur-reported-in-rajasthan-total-rises-to-79-officials|url-status=live}}</ref> Three members of a family who returned from Italy and their two close relatives were discharged.<ref>{{cite news|title=3 member Italy returned family& 2 of their family discharged|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/3-member-italy-returned-family-2-of-their-family-discharged-120033001630_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074356/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/3-member-italy-returned-family-2-of-their-family-discharged-120033001630_1.html/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 31 March ===
* '''On 31 March,''' a 68-year-old woman from [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in Kerala<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala reports second coronavirus death in Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-reports-second-coronavirus-death-in-thiruvananthapuram-11585626397813.html |access-date=2 April 2020 |publisher=Livemint |date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504144548/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-reports-second-coronavirus-death-in-thiruvananthapuram-11585626397813.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and a 65-year-old man from [[Mohali district]] in Punjab<ref>{{cite news |title=4th Covid-19 death in Punjab |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/4th-covid19-death-in-punjab/1786269 |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=Outlook |date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501180850/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/4th-covid19-death-in-punjab/1786269 |url-status=live }}</ref> became the forty-eighth and forty-ninth victims of the virus in the country. The senior citizen couple in [[Kerala]] was discharged.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/kerala-senior-citizen-couple-discharged-after-getting-treated-from-covid-19-120033100095_1.html|title=Kerala senior citizen couple discharged after getting treated from COVID-19|date=31 March 2020|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074401/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/kerala-senior-citizen-couple-discharged-after-getting-treated-from-covid-19-120033100095_1.html/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sixty-four more cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-starts-containing-cluster-infections-after-reporting-64-new-cases-on-tuesday-11585665503034.html|title=Mumbai starts containing 'cluster infections' after reporting 64 new cases on Tuesday|date=31 March 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref> Fifty-seven more people tested in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-reports-57-new-covid-19-cases-in-one-day-79-attended-tablighi-jamaat-state-tally-at-124-1661904-2020-03-31|title=Tamil Nadu reports 57 new Covid-19 cases in one day, 79% attended Tablighi Jamaat. State tally at 124|work=India Today|archive-date=8 April 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408155725/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-reports-57-new-covid-19-cases-in-one-day-79-attended-tablighi-jamaat-state-tally-at-124-1661904-2020-03-31|url-status=live}}</ref> The case count in Delhi went up by twenty-three.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-in-delhi-rise-to-120/1786970|title=COVID-19 cases in Delhi rise to 120|work=Outlook|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074411/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-in-delhi-rise-to-120/1786970/|url-status=live}}</ref> Another twenty-one persons tested positive in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/positive-cases-shoot-up-to-44-in-ap/article31221648.ece|title=Among the 21 new patients, 18 are Delhi returnees and a 10-year-old boy from Anantapur|work=The Hindu|archive-date=3 April 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403200249/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/positive-cases-shoot-up-to-44-in-ap/article31221648.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Nineteen more cases were reported in [[Madhya Pradesh]] – seventeen from [[Indore]] and one each from [[Bhopal]] and [[Ujjain]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/19-new-coronavirus-cases-found-in-madhya-pradesh-total-66/1786739|title=19 new coronavirus cases found in Madhya Pradesh, total 66|date=31 March 2020|website=Outlook|access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref> Three local transmissions were detected in [[Gujarat]] – one each from [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gandhinagar]] and [[Rajkot]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gujarat-3-more-positive-for-covid19-total-73/1786004|title=Gujarat: 3 more positive for covid-19, total 73|work=Outlook|archive-date=4 May 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504190644/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gujarat-3-more-positive-for-covid19-total-73/1786004|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Karnataka]] reported seven more cases – two from [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], two from [[Mysore|Mysuru]] and one each from [[Chikkaballapur]], [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Uttara Kannada|Uttarakannada]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/seven-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-karnataka-tally-up-to-98/articleshow/74910295.cms|title=Seven new coronavirus cases reported in Karnataka, tally up to 98|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Six cases were reported in [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Six new cases of coronavirus in Kashmir| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/six-new-cases-of-coronavirus-in-kashmir/1786127|website=outlook india| date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref> Five local transmissions were reported in [[Bareilly]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-in-up-cross-100-mark/1786130|title=COVID-19 cases in UP cross 100 mark|work=Outlook|archive-date=4 May 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504182433/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-in-up-cross-100-mark/1786130|url-status=live}}</ref> Four more cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: 4 more test positive, total cases rise to 83 in Rajasthan|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/coronavirus-4-more-test-positive-total-cases-rise-to-83-in-rajasthan-120033100396_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074414/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/coronavirus-4-more-test-positive-total-cases-rise-to-83-in-rajasthan-120033100396_1.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> First positive case reported in [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Malaysian woman found coronavirus positive, first in Jharkhand| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/malaysian-woman-found-coronavirus-positive-first-in-jharkhand/1786429|website=outlook india| date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref>

==April==
{{Sidebar timeline
| title = Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in India in April

| years1 = '''5 April'''
| color1 = black
| events1 = 100 confirmed deaths

| years2 = '''14 April'''
| color2 = red
| events2 = 10,000 confirmed cases Nationwide lock-down extended till 3 May

| years3 = '''13 April'''
| color3 = green
| events3 = 1,000 confirmed recoveries

| years4 = '''19 April'''
| color4 = black
| events4 = 500 confirmed deaths

| years5 = '''22 April'''
| color5 = red
| events5 = 20,000 confirmed cases

| years6 = '''25 April'''
| color6 = green
| events6 = 5,000 confirmed recoveries

| years7 = '''29 April'''
| color7 = red
| events7 = 30,000 confirmed cases

| years8 = '''29 April'''
| color8 = black
| events8 = 1,000 confirmed deaths

}}

=== 1–2 April ===
* '''On 1 April,''' a 65-year-old man from [[Khargone district]] in Madhya Pradesh,<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh: Dead man's sample found coronavirus positive, state toll reaches 6 Indore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/madhya-pradesh-dead-man-s-sample-found-coronavirus-positive-state-toll-reaches-6-indore-1662078-2020-04-01 |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=India Today |date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=5 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505063930/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/madhya-pradesh-dead-man-s-sample-found-coronavirus-positive-state-toll-reaches-6-indore-1662078-2020-04-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> a 72-year-old from [[Meerut]] in Uttar Pradesh<ref>{{cite news |title=Uttar Pradesh reports second COVID-19 death after 72-year-old man dies in Meerut |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-coronavirus-second-death-meerut-man-covid-19-positive-cases-603533 |access-date=2 April 2020 |publisher=India TV |date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415071737/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-coronavirus-second-death-meerut-man-covid-19-positive-cases-603533 |url-status=live }}</ref> a 51-year-old man from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra, a 50-year-old man from [[Palghar]] in Maharashtra, a 75-year-old man from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra, an 84-year-old woman from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra, a 73-year-old woman from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra and a 63-year-old woman from [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: 33 new COVID-19 cases reported, count rises to 335; death toll 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-coronavirus-positive-cases-rises-to-335-state-death-toll-16-603644 |access-date=3 April 2020 |publisher=India TV |date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404030359/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-coronavirus-positive-cases-rises-to-335-state-death-toll-16-603644 |url-status=live }}</ref> became the fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifty, fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh victims of the virus in the country. One hundred and ten people tested positive in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-new-coronavirus-cases-linked-nizamuddin-event-tabligh-1662243-2020-04-01|title=Tamil Nadu reports 110 new coronavirus cases, all linked to Nizamuddin event|work=India Today|archive-date=1 July 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701084318/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-new-coronavirus-cases-linked-nizamuddin-event-tabligh-1662243-2020-04-01|url-status=live}}</ref> Forty-three more cases were reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/43-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-tally-rises-to-87/story-Wpj2ZTa9bML3ouU5Z573BO.html|title=43 new coronavirus cases reported in Andhra Pradesh, tally rises to 87|date=1 April 2020|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> [[Maharashtra]] reported thirty-three more cases – thirty from [[Mumbai]], two from [[Pune]] and one from [[Buldhana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/number-of-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-rises-to-335-11585749948541.html|title=Number of coronavirus cases in Maharashtra rises to 335|work=Livemint|archive-date=26 April 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426042542/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/number-of-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-rises-to-335-11585749948541.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Confirmed cases in Delhi increased by thirty-two.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-coronavirus-live-updates-32-new-cases-in-delhi-reported-total-crosses-150-2819225|title=Coronavirus LIVE updates: 32 new cases in Delhi reported, total crosses 150|work=DNA|archive-date=6 July 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074424/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-coronavirus-live-updates-global-cases-cross-9-lakh-1834-in-india-2819225/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kerala reported twenty-four more cases – twelve from [[Kasaragod|Kasargod]], three from [[Ernakulam]], two each from [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Thrissur]], [[Malappuram]] and [[Kannur]], and one from [[Palakkad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/24-more-positive-coronavirus-cases-take-the-toll-to-265-in-kerala/articleshow/74935598.cms|title=24 more positive coronavirus cases take the toll to 265 in Kerala|work=The Times of India|archive-date=3 September 2023|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903112503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/24-more-positive-coronavirus-cases-take-the-toll-to-265-in-kerala/articleshow/74935598.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Twenty more infections were detected in [[Madhya Pradesh]] – nineteen from [[Indore]] and one from [[Khargone district]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/madhya-pradesh-reports-20-new-coronavirus-cases-tally-jumps-to-86/article31224002.ece|title=Madhya Pradesh reports 20 new coronavirus cases; tally jumps to 86|work=The Hindu – Business Line|archive-date=4 April 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404034526/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/madhya-pradesh-reports-20-new-coronavirus-cases-tally-jumps-to-86/article31224002.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Sixteen positive cases were confirmed in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19 update: 16 new coronavirus cases, Maharashtra Covid-19 numbers jump to 320| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-19-update-16-new-coronavirus-cases-maharashtra-covid-19-numbers-jump-to-320/story-H2os3DmoKWSTtUIAuEw31H.html|website=Hindustan Times| date=1 April 2020|access-date= 1 April 2020}}</ref> Eight more people tested positive cases in [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, of whom four had inter-state travel history, three contracted it from locals and one had foreign travel history.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/8-new-coronavirus-cases-in-gujarat-number-of-cases-across-state-reach-82-2204032|title=8 New Coronavirus Cases in Gujarat; Number Of Cases Across State Reach 82|date=1 April 2020|website=Money Control|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Four positive cases were confirmed in [[Guwahati]], Assam.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Four people test positive for Coronavirus in Assam, total count reaches 5| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/four-people-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-assam-total-count-reaches-5-1662158-2020-04-01|website=India Today| date=1 April 2020|access-date= 1 April 2020}}</ref> Thirteen more cases were registered in [[Ramganj Mandi|Ramganj]] area of [[Jaipur]] in Rajasthan, all of whom had come in contact with the first positive case in the area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/jaipur-news/coronavirus-covid-19-india-updates-13-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-jaipur-total-106-cases-in-raj-2204285|title=13 Test Positive For Coronavirus in Jaipur; Total 106 Cases in Rajasthan|publisher=NDTV|archive-date=4 April 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404023842/https://www.ndtv.com/jaipur-news/coronavirus-covid-19-india-updates-13-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-jaipur-total-106-cases-in-raj-2204285|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''On 2 April,''' two persons who had visited the [[Banglewali Mosque|Nizamuddin Markaz]] in Delhi,<ref>{{cite news |title='2 who attended Tablighi Jamaat in Delhi died of Covid-19 today': Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/two-nizamuddin-congregants-succumb-to-covid-19-in-delhi-all-2346-participants-to-be-tested/story-sIdu1TCFPHAjjTymN5Fo7J.html |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=2 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402140810/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/two-nizamuddin-congregants-succumb-to-covid-19-in-delhi-all-2346-participants-to-be-tested/story-sIdu1TCFPHAjjTymN5Fo7J.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a 52-year-old man from [[Vadodara]] in Gujarat,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat records seventh death, no new Covid-19 cases in 12 hours |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-records-seventh-death-no-new-covid-19-cases-in-12-hours/articleshow/74943799.cms |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620131738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-records-seventh-death-no-new-covid-19-cases-in-12-hours/articleshow/74943799.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> a 55-year-old man from [[Vijayawada]] in Andhra Pradesh,<ref>{{cite news |title=55-Year-Old Man Who Was Infected By Son Is Andhra's First COVID-19 Death |url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/coronavirus-deaths-india-55-year-old-man-who-was-infected-by-son-is-andhras-first-covid-19-death-2205554 |access-date=5 April 2020 |publisher=NDTV |date=3 April 2020 |archive-date=5 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405235124/https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/coronavirus-deaths-india-55-year-old-man-who-was-infected-by-son-is-andhras-first-covid-19-death-2205554 |url-status=live }}</ref> a 62-year-old man from [[Amritsar]] in Punjab,<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Punjab reports fifth death, confirmed cases stand at 46 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-punjab-reports-fifth-death-confirmed-cases-stand-at-46/article31233382.ece |access-date=5 April 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520032853/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-punjab-reports-fifth-death-confirmed-cases-stand-at-46/article31233382.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> four persons from Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maha-covid19-death-toll-20-total-positive-cases-423-intro-roundup/1789437|title=Maha Covid-19 death toll 20, total positive cases 423 (Intro Roundup)|work=Outlook|archive-date=1 May 2020|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501185050/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maha-covid19-death-toll-20-total-positive-cases-423-intro-roundup/1789437|url-status=live}}</ref> a 67-year-old man from [[Ambala]] in Haryana,<ref>{{cite news |title=First death due to COVID-19 in Haryana, 67-year-old man from Ambala dies |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/first-death-due-to-covid-19-in-haryana-67-year-old-man-from-ambala-dies/articleshow/74942776.cms |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=Pune Mirror |date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=7 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507133939/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/first-death-due-to-covid-19-in-haryana-67-year-old-man-from-ambala-dies/articleshow/74942776.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> a 65-year-old woman from [[Indore]] in Madhya Pradesh, a 54-year-old man from [[Indore]] in Madhya Pradesh<ref>{{cite news |title=One more COVID-19 patient dies in Indore; Madhya Pradesh toll reaches 8 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/one-more-covid-19-patient-dies-in-indore-madhya-pradesh-toll-reaches-8-820417.html |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415140220/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/one-more-covid-19-patient-dies-in-indore-madhya-pradesh-toll-reaches-8-820417.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and a 71-year-old man from [[Chennai]] in Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus in Tamil Nadu: Death toll rise to four |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadus-covid-19-death-toll-rises-to-four/articleshow/74988984.cms |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadus-covid-19-death-toll-rises-to-four/articleshow/74988984.cms/ |url-status=live }}</ref> became the fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth and seventieth victims of the virus in the country. Delhi recorded an increase of one hundred and forty-one in confirmed cases, 91.49 percent of which were linked to the [[Banglewali Mosque|Nizamuddin Markaz]] congregation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-delhi-go-up-to-293-two-more-deaths-authorities/articleshow/74954758.cms|title=Coronavirus cases in Delhi go up to 293; two more deaths: Authorities|date=2 April 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403041111/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-delhi-go-up-to-293-two-more-deaths-authorities/articleshow/74954758.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Eighty-eight more infections were identified in [[Maharashtra]] – fifty-four from [[Mumbai]], eleven from [[Pune]], nine from [[Ahmednagar]], nine from areas around Mumbai, two from [[Aurangabad]] and one each from [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Osmanabad]] and [[Buldhana]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-coronavirus-covid19-new-cases-total-number-latest-updates-april-2-1662693-2020-04-02|title=With 88 new Covid-19 cases on Thursday, Maharashtra's tally reaches 423|date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020|work=India Today|archive-date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404161836/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-coronavirus-covid19-new-cases-total-number-latest-updates-april-2-1662693-2020-04-02|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tamil Nadu]] reported seventy-five more case of which seventy-four were linked to the [[Banglewali Mosque|Nizamuddin Markaz]] congregation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu Reports 75 New Cases of Coronavirus, 74 of Them Linked to Nizamuddin Meet |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-reports-75-new-cases-of-coronavirus-74-of-them-linked-to-nizamuddin-meet-2562001.html |access-date=2 April 2020 |publisher=News18 India |date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404030138/https://www.news18.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-reports-75-new-cases-of-coronavirus-74-of-them-linked-to-nizamuddin-meet-2562001.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Three cases were confirmed in [[Assam]]'s [[Goalpara district]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3 new COVID-19 positive cases from Goalpara take Assam tally to 16| url=https://thenewsmill.com/3-new-covid-19-positive-cases-from-goalpara-take-assam-tally-to-16/|website=thenewsmill| date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> Thirteen persons tested positive in [[Rajasthan]] – seven from [[Ramganj Mandi|Ramganj]] and one each from [[Jodhpur]], [[Jhunjhunu]], [[Udaipur]], [[Dholpur]] & [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=9 new COVID-19 cases reported from Ramganj, Jodhpur, Jhunjhunu; Rajasthan's tally jumps to 129| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/9-new-covid-19-cases-reported-from-ramganj-jodhpur-jhunjhunu-rajasthan-s-tally-jumps-to-129-603678|website=indiatvnews| date=2 April 2020|access-date= 2 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Another coronavirus death in Rajasthan, 13 fresh cases; total tally 133| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maha-15-of-family-caught-violating-home-quarantine-norms/1789092?scroll|website=outlookindia| date= 2 April 2020|access-date= 2 April 2020}}</ref> Twenty cases were reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Andhra reports 21 new cases of COVID-19, state tally now at 132| url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/andhra-reports-21-new-cases-covid-19-state-tally-now-132-121676|website=Thenewsminute| date= 2 April 2020|access-date= 2 April 2020}}</ref> A 10-month-old girl and her grandmother tested positive in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=CORONAVIRUS10-month-old girl and Grandmother found Coronavirus positive in Chandigarh| url=https://www.ludhianalivenews.com/10-month-old-girl-and-grandmother-found-coronavirus-positive-in-chandigarh/|website=ludhianalivenews| date= 2 April 2020|access-date= 2 April 2020}}</ref> [[Arunachal Pradesh]] reported its first case in a 31-year-old man who returned from the [[Banglewali Mosque|Nizamuddin Markaz]] meet.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-arunachal-pradesh-registers-first-covid-19-case-after-31-year-old-tablighi-jamaat-attendee-tests-positive-8219381.html|title=Coronavirus Outbreak: Arunachal Pradesh registers first COVID-19 case after 31-year-old Tablighi Jamaat attendee tests positive|website=firstpost.com|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603232228/https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-arunachal-pradesh-registers-first-covid-19-case-after-31-year-old-tablighi-jamaat-attendee-tests-positive-8219381.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three persons who attended the [[Banglewali Mosque|Nizamuddin Markaz]] congregation tested positive in [[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]], Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3 Tablighi Jamaat returnees test positive for Covid-19 in Himachal, state's total now 6| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/himachal-pradesh-tablighi-jamaat-returnees-test-positive-state-total-cases-latest-april-2-1662695-2020-04-02|website=India Today| date= 3 April 2020|access-date= 3 April 2020}}</ref>

=== 3–4 April ===
* '''On 3 April,''' a 78-year-old man from [[Panchmahal district]] in Gujarat,<ref>{{cite news |title=One more dies in Gujarat due to coronavirus, toll reaches 8 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/one-more-dies-in-gujarat-due-to-coronavirus-toll-reaches-8-1662811-2020-04-03 |access-date=5 April 2020 |work=India Today |date=3 April 2020 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404092735/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/one-more-dies-in-gujarat-due-to-coronavirus-toll-reaches-8-1662811-2020-04-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> a 67-year-old man from [[Ahmedabad]] in Gujarat,<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 in Gujarat: 67-year-old coronavirus positive man dies in Ahmedabad |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/gujarat-coronavirus-positive-cases-covid-19-death-toll-604280 |access-date=5 April 2020 |publisher=India TV |date=3 April 2020}}</ref> a 75-year-old man from [[Bagalkote]] in Karnataka,<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka reports 4th COVID-19 death: 75-year-old Bagalkote man succumbs |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/karnataka-reports-4th-covid-19-death-75-year-old-bagalkote-man-succumbs-121818 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=The News Minute |date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406145619/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/karnataka-reports-4th-covid-19-death-75-year-old-bagalkote-man-succumbs-121818 |url-status=live }}</ref> two persons in Delhi<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 cases in Delhi mounts to 386; two more deaths: Authorities |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-cases-in-delhi-mounts-to-386-two-more-deaths-authorities/articleshow/74972547.cms |access-date=5 April 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 April 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512044448/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-cases-in-delhi-mounts-to-386-two-more-deaths-authorities/articleshow/74972547.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and a 71-year-old man from [[Chennai]] in Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus in Tamil Nadu: Death toll rises to four |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadus-covid-19-death-toll-rises-to-four/articleshow/74988984.cms |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706074440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadus-covid-19-death-toll-rises-to-four/articleshow/74988984.cms/ |url-status=live }}</ref> became the seventy-first, seventy-second, seventy-third, seventy-fourth and seventy-fifth victims of the virus in the country. One hundred and two people tested positive in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-covid19-coronavirus-new-cases-total-number-april-2-1662999-2020-04-03|title=Tamil Nadu reports 102 more Covid-19 cases, state's total reaches 411|work=India Today|archive-date=5 April 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405191129/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-covid19-coronavirus-new-cases-total-number-april-2-1662999-2020-04-03|url-status=live}}</ref> Delhi registered ninety-three more cases, seventy-seven of which were connected to the [[Tablighi Jamaat]] congregation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/delhi-reports-93-fresh-coronavirus-cases-two-more-deaths-821042.html|title=Delhi reports 93 fresh coronavirus cases, two more deaths|work=Deccan Herald|archive-date=7 April 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407170217/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/delhi-reports-93-fresh-coronavirus-cases-two-more-deaths-821042.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Seventy-five more cases were confirmed in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/telangana-registers-two-new-deaths-75-fresh-coronavirus-cases-2563711.html|title=Telangana Registers Two New Deaths, 75 Fresh Coronavirus Cases|work=News18|archive-date=6 April 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406064848/https://www.news18.com/news/india/telangana-registers-two-new-deaths-75-fresh-coronavirus-cases-2563711.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Maharashtra]] reported sixty-seven more cases – forty-three from [[Mumbai]], ten from areas around the city, nine from [[Pune]], three from [[Ahmednagar]] and one each from [[Vashi]] and [[Ratnagiri]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-67-new-cases-on-friday-number-of-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-jumps-to-490-11585929645343.html|title=With 67 new cases on Friday, number of coronavirus cases in Maharashtra jumps to 490|work=Livemint|archive-date=7 April 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407165139/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-67-new-cases-on-friday-number-of-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-jumps-to-490-11585929645343.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]]'s case count went up by forty-seven.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/number-of-covid19-cases-in-mp-rises-to-154/1790713|title=Number of COVID-19 cases in MP rises to 154|work=Outlook|archive-date=7 April 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407165311/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/number-of-covid19-cases-in-mp-rises-to-154/1790713|url-status=live}}</ref> Forty-six more cases were recorded in [[Rajasthan]] – fourteen from [[Jaipur]], nine [[Emergency evacuation|evacuees]] from [[Iran]], twelve from [[Tonk, India|Tonk]], three each from [[Alwar]] and [[Udaipur]], two each from [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] and [[Bikaner]] and one from [[Dausa]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rajasthan-records-46-new-covid19-cases-total-up-to-179/1790712|title=Rajasthan records 46 new COVID-19 cases; total up to 179|work=Outlook|archive-date=7 April 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407165441/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rajasthan-records-46-new-covid19-cases-total-up-to-179/1790712|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Uttar Pradesh]] reported forty-four more cases, out of which forty-two were linked to the [[Nizamuddin Markaz Masjeed|Nizamuddin Markaz]] event.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/44-new-positive-covid-19-cases-in-up-42-attended-nizamuddin-event|title=44 new positive COVID-19 cases in UP, 42 attended Nizamuddin event|work=Telangana Today|archive-date=10 April 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410213336/https://telanganatoday.com/44-new-positive-covid-19-cases-in-up-42-attended-nizamuddin-event|url-status=live}}</ref> Twelve more cases were reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Andhra Pradesh recorded 12 new coronavirus cases: Total 161| url=https://newsmeter.in/andhra-pradesh-recorded-12-new-coronavirus-cases-total-161/|website=newsmeter| date= 3 April 2020|access-date= 3 April 2020}}</ref> Nine positive cases were reported in [[kerala]] – 7 from [[Kasaragod]] and 1 each from [[Kannur]] & [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=9 new COVID-19 cases in Kerala: Chief Minister| url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/news/kerala/9-new-covid-19-cases-in-kerala-chief-minister-1.4664282|website=mathrubhumi| date= 3 April 2020|access-date= 3 April 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 4 April,''' a 67-year-old woman from [[Ahmedabad]] in Gujarat,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat: COVID-19 patient tally now 108, death toll reaches 10 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-covid-19-patients-tally-now-108-death-toll-reaches-10/articleshow/74987289.cms |access-date=5 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=4 April 2020 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326114633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-covid-19-patients-tally-now-108-death-toll-reaches-10/articleshow/74987289.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> a 51-year-old man from [[Villupuram]] in Tamil Nadu,<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu records second COVID-19 death as 51-year-old passes away|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/tamil-nadu-records-second-covid-19-death-as-51-year-old-passes-away-821227.html |access-date=5 April 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=4 April 2020}}</ref> a 53-year-old woman from [[Theni district]] in Tamil Nadu,<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu records 74 new cases and 1 death due to COVID-19, total tally at 485 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamil-nadu-records-74-new-cases-and-1-death-due-covid-19-total-tally-485-121875 |access-date=5 April 2020 |publisher=The News Minute |date=4 April 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407065328/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamil-nadu-records-74-new-cases-and-1-death-due-covid-19-total-tally-485-121875 |url-status=live }}</ref> six persons in [[Maharashtra]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/covid-19-maharashtra-death-toll-reaches-26-821154.html|title=COVID-19: Maharashtra death toll reaches 26|work=Deccan Herald|archive-date=15 April 2020|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415133840/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/covid-19-maharashtra-death-toll-reaches-26-821154.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and 36-year-old man from [[Chhindwara]] in Madhya Pradesh<ref>{{cite news |title=One More Dies of Covid-19 in Madhya Pradesh, Death Toll Reaches Nine in State |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/one-more-dies-of-covid-19-in-madhya-pradesh-death-toll-reaches-nine-in-state-2564015.html |access-date=7 April 2020 |publisher=News18 India |date=4 April 2020}}</ref> became the seventy-sixth, seventy-seventh, seventy-eighth, seventy-ninth, eightieth, eighty-first, eighty-second, eighty-third, eighty-fourth and eighty-fifth victims of the virus in the country. Four positive cases were reported in [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Four more test positive for coronavirus in Visakhapatnam, state tally at 164| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/four-more-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-visakhapatnam-state-tally-at-164-120040400132_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 4 April 2020|access-date= 4 April 2020}}</ref> 47 positive cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=47 new Covid-19 patients in Maharashtra, tally jumps to 537| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/47-new-covid-19-patients-in-maharashtra-tally-jumps-to-537-1663242-2020-04-04|website=India Today| date= 4 April 2020|access-date= 4 April 2020}}</ref> First case reported in [[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot District]] where a 35-year-old man tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Faridkot reports its 1st positive case; total number of cases in Punjab 58| url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-cases-faridkot-positive-case-mansa-ropar-en/|website=ptcnews| date= 4 April 2020|access-date= 4 April 2020}}</ref> One positive cases was reported in [[Assam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ONE MORE CORONAVIRUS CASE WITH NIZAMUDDIN LINK IN GOLAGHAT, TOTAL 24 IN ASSAM |url=https://www.newslivetv.com/top-news/big-breaking-one-more-coronavirus-case-with-nizamuddin-link-in-golaghat-total-24-in-assam/ |access-date= 4 April 2020 |work=News Live |date= 4 April 2020 }}</ref> Six positive cases were reported in [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=6 new coronavirus cases reported in Uttarakhand as of 9:00 am – Apr 04| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/6-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-uttarakhand-as-of-9-00-am-apr-04-11585981415798.html|website=livemint| date= 4 April 2020|access-date= 4 April 2020}}</ref>

=== 5–6 April ===
* '''On 5 April,''' a person from Delhi,<ref>{{cite news |title=Confirmed Covid-19 cases breach 500-mark in Delhi, death toll rises to 7 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/confirmed-covid-19-cases-breach-500-mark-in-delhi-death-toll-rises-to-7-11586113561304.html |access-date=6 April 2020 |publisher=Livemint |date=6 April 2020}}</ref> a 61-year-old woman from [[Surat]] in Gujarat,<ref>{{cite news |title=61-year-old COVID-19 patient dies in Surat; Gujarat toll reaches 11 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/61-year-old-covid-19-patient-dies-in-surat-gujarat-toll-reaches-11/articleshow/74990387.cms |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=5 April 2020}}</ref> thirteen people from [[Maharashtra]],<ref>{{cite news |title=113 fresh coronavirus cases, 13 deaths reported in last 24 hours in Maharashtra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/113-fresh-coronavirus-cases-13-deaths-reported-in-last-24-hours-in-maharashtra-1663952-2020-04-06 |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=India Today |date=6 April 2020}}</ref> a 69-year-old woman from [[Ludhiana]] in Punjab,<ref>{{cite news |title=69-yr-old COVID-19 patient with co-morbidity dies in Punjab; death toll reaches 6 |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/69-yr-old-covid-19-patient-with-co-morbidity-dies-in-punjab-death-toll-reaches-6/articleshow/74994760.cms |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=Business Insider |date=5 April 2020}}</ref> and a 60-year-old man from [[Chennai]] in Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19: Tamil Nadu reports 2 more deaths, toll rises to 5 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/covid-19-tamil-nadu-reports-2-more-deaths-toll-rises-to-5/article31261661.ece |access-date=7 April 2020 |publisher=The Hindu – Business Line |date=5 April 2020}}</ref> became the eighty-sixth, eighty-seventh, eighty-eighth, eighty-ninth, ninetieth, ninety-first, ninety-second, ninety-third, ninety-fourth, ninety-fifth, ninety-sixth, ninety-seventh, ninety-eighth, ninety-ninth, hundredth, hundred-and-first and hundred-and-second victims of the virus in the country. One hundred and thirteen cases were registered in [[Maharashtra]] – eighty-one from [[Mumbai]], eighteen from [[Pune]], four from [[Aurangabad]], three from [[Ahmednagar]], two each from [[Kalyan-Dombivli]] and [[Thane]], one each from [[Osmanabad]] and [[Vasai]] and one from [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-covid-19-tally-jumps-to-747-official/articleshow/74996101.cms|title=Maharashtra coronavirus tally mounts to 748; death toll 45|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Eighty-six more people tested positive in [[Tamil Nadu]], of whom eighty-five had attended the [[Tablighi Jamaat]] congregation and one had a travel history to [[Dubai]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-reports-86-more-covid-19-cases-total-spikes-to-571/articleshow/74995566.cms|title=Tamil Nadu reports 86 more COVID-19 cases, total spikes to 571|work=The Economic Times}}</ref> Delhi's case count rose by fifty-eight.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/coronavirus-cases-in-delhi-climb-to-503-death-toll-rises-to-7-authorities/articleshow/74996867.cms|title=Coronavirus cases in Delhi climb to 503; death toll rises to 7: Authorities|work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Telangana]] detected sixty-two more infections.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/covid-19-62-more-positive-in-telangana-total-rises-to-334-on-sunday|title=Covid-19: 62 more positive in Telangana, total rises to 334 on Sunday|work=Telangana Today}}</ref> Positive cases were reported in [[Mewat]] – [[Haryana]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=4 Tablighi Jamaat returnees test COVID-19 positive in Mewat| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/4-tablighi-jamaat-returnees-test-covid-19-positive-in-mewat-604716|website=Indiatvnews| date= 5 April 2020|access-date= 5 April 2020}}</ref> 16 positive cases were reported in [[Indore]] – [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=16 more test coronavirus positive in Indore, takes Madhya Pradesh's tally to 181| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-indore-positive-cases-covid-19-madhya-pradesh-604625|website=Indiatvnews| date= 5 April 2020|access-date= 5 April 2020}}</ref> 29 positive cases were confirmed in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=29 new COVID-19 cases in Mumbai; Maharashtra tally climbs to 690| url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-cases-in-maharashtra-jump-to-661-26-new-patients/articleshow/74991046.cms|website=The Economic Times| date= 5 April 2020|access-date= 5 April 2020}}</ref> 42 years old man tested positive in [[Dera Bassi]] of [[Mohali]] and 28 years old man tested positive in [[Ludhiana]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab tally rises to 67 after fresh cases of coronavirus reported from Derabassi and Ludhiana| url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-cases-mohali-derabassi-ludhiana-en/|website=ptcnews| date= 5 April 2020|access-date= 5 April 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 6 April,''' two people from [[Andhra Pradesh]] and a 62-year-old woman from [[Vadodara]] in Gujarat<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Gujarat tally rises to 146; death toll up to 12 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/coronavirus-gujarat-tally-rises-to-146-death-toll-up-to-12/articleshow/75017602.cms |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=7 April 2020}}</ref> became the hundred-and-third, hundred-and-fourth and hundred-and-fifth victims of the virus in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two COVID-19 deaths reported in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/two-covid-19-deaths-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-821938.html |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=6 April 2020}}</ref> One hundred and twenty cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]] – sixty-eight from [[Mumbai]], forty-one from [[Pune]], three from [[Aurangabad]], two each from [[Vasai-Virar]], [[Satara (city)|Satara]] and [[Ahmednagar]] and one each from [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] and [[Nashik]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/with-120-new-cases-maharashtra-covid-count-now-868/articleshow/75014970.cms|title=With 120 new cases, Maharashtra COVID count now 868|work=The Economic Times}}</ref> Sixty-three more people in [[Madhya Pradesh]] tested positive – forty-three from [[Bhopal]], sixteen from [[Indore]], one each from [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]], [[Vidisha]], [[Ujjain]] and one from another district.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/mps-total-covid-19-positive-cases-breach-250-mark20200406225844/|title=MP's total COVID-19 positive cases breach 250 mark|work=ANI}}</ref> Fourteen more positive cases reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]] – 5 in [[Visakhapatnam]], 3 in [[Anantapuram]], 3 in [[Kurnool]], 2 in [[Guntur]], & 1 in [[West Godavari]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fourteen new COVID-19 positive cases reported in Andhra Pradesh| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/14-new-covid-19-positive-cases-in-ap/article31267689.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 6 April 2020|access-date= 6 April 2020| last1=Boda| first1=Tharun}}</ref> 16 positive cases were reported in [[Mohali]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Mohali: 16 more cases of Coronavirus added; Punjab Special Chief Secretary confirmed| url=https://www.ludhianalivenews.com/mohali-16-more-cases-of-coronavirus-added-punjab-special-chief-secretary-confirmed/|website=Ludhianalivenews| date= 6 April 2020|access-date= 6 April 2020}}</ref> 7 positive cases were reported in Punjab – 2 from [[Fatehgarh Sahib]], 2 from [[Ropar]], 1 and first from [[Kapurthala]], 1 new from Mohali and 1 from Amritsar. The person from Amritsar died on same day.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-death-toll-confirmed-cases-amritsar-pathankot-en/ 7 new cases reported in 5 Districts, total tally 75] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 6 April 2020.</ref> 54 years old man tested corona positive in [[Ludhiana]].<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/ludhiana-man-tests-positive-in-jagraon-coronavirus-punjab-cases-en/ 54 years man tested corona positive in Ludhiana] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 6 April 2020.</ref>

=== 7–8 April ===
* '''On 7 April,''' the nationwide death toll hit one hundred and twenty-four.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus death toll nears 124, total confirmed cases reach 4,789 in India |url=https://theprint.in/india/coronavirus-death-toll-124-total-cases-4789-india/397417/ |access-date=9 April 2020 |publisher=ThePrint |date=7 April 2020}}</ref> 23 positive cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19 cases in Maharashtra inch towards 900 after 23 more test positive, says state health department| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/covid-19-cases-in-maharashtra-inch-towards-900-after-23-more-test-positive/story-EnwJSwSv4gjJWfBGA4VWLM.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 7 April 2020|access-date= 7 April 2020}}</ref> 12 positive cases were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=12 new positive Covid-19 cases reported in Karnataka, tally rises to 175, 25 discharged so far| url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/12-new-positive-covid-19-cases-reported-in-karnataka-tally-rises-to-175-25-discharged-so-far/articleshow/75024975.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 7 April 2020|access-date= 7 April 2020}}</ref> Three positive cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} 12 more cases confirmed in the state as 7 from Mohali and all belongs to a single village, 2 from Mansa, 1 from Pathankot, the husband of the deceased corona patient, first Coronavirus case from [[Moga District|Moga]] originally belongs to [[Maharashtra]] state<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/coronavirus-mumbai-man-tests-positive-in-moga-village-66927 Mumbai man tests corona positive in Moga] ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> and 1 from [[Amritsar]], the wife of corona patient who died a day before in [[Amritsar]]. Later on 8 more cases confirmed in Punjab. 5 from [[Pathankot]] and all came into the contact of the deceased corona patient in the District and 3 from [[Moga district|Moga]].<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-death-toll-8-cases-in-derabassi-mohali-moga-mansa-en/ 20 new case reported in Punjab] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref>
* '''On 8 April,''' the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Health Ministry]] put the death toll at one hundred and forty-nine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 Update: 773 new cases, 32 deaths reported since Tuesday, says health ministry |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid-19-update-773-new-cases-32-deaths-reported-since-tuesday-says-health-ministry/story-MeIDU4cfdm2XRheJbjX6LN.html |access-date=9 April 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 April 2020}}</ref> 22 cases were reported in [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Madhya Pradesh: Indore reports 22 new cases of COVID-19; tally reaches 173| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/madhya-pradesh-coronavirus-hotspot-indore-covid-19-cases-605562|website=indiatvnews| date= 8 April 2020|access-date= 8 April 2020}}</ref> 51 positive cases were confirmed in Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 Delhi reports two more deaths, 51 new cases| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/coronavirus-delhi-reports-51-new-cases-and-two-death/article31285896.ece|newspaper=the hindu| date= 8 April 2020|access-date= 8 April 2020}}</ref> Six positive cases were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With six new cases, Karnataka's COVID-19 tally now stands at 181| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/with-six-new-cases-karnatakas-covid-19-tally-now-stands-at-181/articleshow/75043539.cms|website=Bangalore mirror| date= 8 April 2020|access-date= 8 April 2020}}</ref> 15 positive cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 cases rise to 363 in Rajasthan| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-cases-rise-to-363-in-rajasthan/article31288966.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 8 April 2020|access-date= 8 April 2020}}</ref> 14 positive cases were reported in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 cases rise to 363 in Rajasthan| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-cases-rise-to-363-in-rajasthan/article31288966.ece|newspaper=the hindu| date= 8 April 2020|access-date= 8 April 2020}}</ref> Seven positive cases were reported in [[Punjab]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Seven more COVID-19 cases surface in Punjab; total count 106| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/seven-more-covid19-cases-surface-in-punjab-total-count-106/1795895|website=outlookindia| date= 8 April 2020|access-date= 8 April 2020}}</ref>

=== 9–10 April ===
* '''On 9 April,''' the death toll in the country rose to one hundred and sixty-nine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid-19 death toll rises to 169, number of cases climbs to 5,865 in India: Union Health ministry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-death-toll-rises-to-169-number-of-cases-climbs-to-5865-in-india-union-health-ministry/articleshow/75069105.cms |access-date=9 April 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=9 April 2020}}</ref> [[Maharashtra]] reported two hundred and eleven cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=70-yr-old Covid-19 patient dies in Dharavi, tally of positive cases at 17 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/70-yr-old-covid-19-patient-dies-in-dharavi-tally-of-positive-cases-at-17-120040901618_1.html |access-date=9 April 2020 |work=Business Standard |date=9 April 2020}}</ref> Ninety-six people tested positive in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=96 More Covid-19 Positive in Tamil Nadu, Total Tally Reaches 834 |url=https://kalingatv.com/nation/96-more-covid-19-positive-in-tamil-nadu-total-tally-reaches-834/ |access-date=9 April 2020 |publisher=Kalinga TV |date=9 April 2020}}</ref> Seventy-six people in [[Gujarat]] tested positive for the virus.<ref>{{cite news |title=76 new COVID-19 cases found in Gujarat death toll up to 17 |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/04/09/bom44-gj-virus-2ndld-cases.html |access-date=9 April 2020 |work=The Week |date=9 April 2020}}</ref> Delhi saw an increase of fifty-one new cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 cases in Delhi reach 720|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/covid-19-cases-in-delhi-reach-72020200409210150/ |access-date=9 April 2020 |publisher=ANI |date=9 April 2020}}</ref> One positive case was reported in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 positive cases rise to 28 in Himachal Pradesh| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/covid-19-positive-cases-rise-to-28-in-himachal-pradesh-120040900101_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 9 April 2020|access-date= 9 April 2020}}</ref> 22 positive cases including a doctor & his wife have been tested positive in [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Doctor, wife tested positive for coronavirus in Madhya Pradesh's Itarsi| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/doctor-wife-coronavirus-positive-madhya-pradesh-itarsi-hoshangabad-606046|website=indiatvnews| date= 9 April 2020|access-date= 9 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=46 Hotspots Notified in 15 Madhya Pradesh Districts; Bhopal, Indore and Ujjain Placed under Total Lockdown| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/46-hotspots-notified-in-15-madhya-pradesh-districts-bhopal-indore-and-ujjain-placed-under-total-lockdown-2571759.html|website=news18| date= 9 April 2020|access-date= 9 April 2020}}</ref> 51-year-old woman in [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]] and a 69-year-old man from West Bengal in [[Bhubaneswar]] were confirmed positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Two fresh Covid-19 cases in Odisha, total count rises to 44 | url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/bhubaneswar/two-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-odisha-total-count-rises-to-44/articleshow/75062771.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 9 April 2020|access-date= 9 April 2020}}</ref> 7 positive case reported in Mohali.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab: Jawaharpur reports 7 new cases; Mohali count 37 | url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/jawaharpur-derabassi-cases-rise-to-22-mohali-coronavirus-punjab-cases-en/|website=ptcnews| date= 9 April 2020|access-date= 9 April 2020}}</ref> Four more cases confirmed in Piunjab – 3 from [[Jalandhar]] and 1 from [[Amritsar]].<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-death-in-jalandhar-ropar-cases-in-ludhiana-sri-muktsar-sahib-mohali-en/ New cases reported in Punjab, total tally 120] ''PTC NEWS''.</ref>
* '''On 10 April,''' four positive cases were reported in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=4 New COVID 19 Positive Cases Confirmed in Odisha, Total Count Reaches 48| url=https://kalingatv.com/state/4-new-covid-19-positive-cases-confirmed-in-odisha-total-count-reaches-48/|website=Kalingatv| date= 10 April 2020|access-date= 10 April 2020}}</ref> 26 positive cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=65-yr-old woman dies of COVID-19 in Rajasthan, state reports 26 fresh cases| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/65-yr-old-woman-dies-of-covid-19-in-rajasthan-state-reports-26-fresh-cases/story-03PfDxEnX2fWHmd8QgOWEK.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 10 April 2020|access-date= 10 April 2020}}</ref> 21 positive cases were confirmed in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 in Gujarat: 21 fresh COVID-19 cases come to light in Vadodara, 2 deaths reported| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-in-vadodara-21-new-cases-covid-19-cases-rise-to-39-606213|website=induatoday| date= 10 April 2020|access-date= 10 April 2020}}</ref> Two positive cases were reported in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Two more COVID-19 cases in Bihar, state tally reaches 60| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/two-more-covid-19-cases-in-bihar-state-tally-reaches-60-120041000469_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 10 April 2020|access-date= 10 April 2020}}</ref> 10 positive cases were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: ten new cases detected in Karnataka| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/covid-19-ten-new-cases-detected-in-karnataka/article31307304.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 10 April 2020|access-date= 10 April 2020| last1=Yasmeen| first1=Afshan}}</ref> Eight positive cases were reported in [[Srinagar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19:8 new COVID-19 cases in Srinagar| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/8-new-covid-19-cases-in-srinagar-120041001063_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 10 April 2020|access-date= 10 April 2020}}</ref>

=== 11–12 April ===
* '''On 11 April,''' 16-year-old tested positive in [[Chhattisgarh]] earlier, has recovered and will be discharged.<ref>{{cite news |title=16-year-old COVID-19 patient recovers in Chhattisgarh: State Health Minister| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/16-year-old-covid-19-patient-recovers-in-chhattisgarh-state-health-minister-120041100105_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref> Two positive cases were reported in [[Odisha]] take the state tally to 50.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 new COVID-19 cases in Odisha take state tally to 50| url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/264640887/2-new-covid-19-cases-in-odisha-take-state-tally-to-50|website=Bignewsnetwork| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref> 92 positive cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maha: 92 new cases of COVID-19 take state tally to 1,666| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maha-92-new-cases-of-covid19-take-state-tally-to-1666/1798842|website=outlookindia| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref> Seven cases were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven new coronavirus cases reported in Karnataka, tally rises to 214| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/seven-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-karnataka-tally-rises-to-214/articleshow/75094174.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref> 54 cases were reported in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tally of COVID-19 patients in Gujarat rises to 432 with 54 new cases| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tally-of-covid-19-patients-rises-to-432-with-54-new-cases/articleshow/75092354.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref> 117 positive cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Total COVID-19 positive cases reach 678 in Rajasthan| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/total-covid-19-positive-cases-reach-678-in-rajasthan-120041100667_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref> 2 positive cases were reported in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Himachal Pradesh reports 2 new coronavirus cases, total 32| url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/264648480/himachal-pradesh-reports-2-new-coronavirus-cases-total-32|website=Bignewsnetwork| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref> One positive case reported in Patiala District.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-patiala-second-positive-case-punjab-covid-19-en/ Patiala reports second cases of COVID-19]''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> Later on 2 new cases confirmed in [[Mohali]].<ref>[https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/with-2-new-ones-dera-bassis-jawaharpur-alone-has-34-cases-mohali-tally-is-50-69725 2 new cases in Jawaharpur, Mohali tally is 50] ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> 1 more case confirmed in [[Pathankot]] and 3 from [[Jalandhar]].<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-count-rises-to-158-as-jalandhar-mohali-pathankot-and-patiala-report-fresh-cases/ Punjab tally rises 158 after fresh cases confirmed from Jalandhar and Pathankot.] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> 62 positive cases were reported in [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Madhya Pradesh: 62 new COVID-19 cases confirmed; state tally at 532| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/madhya-pradesh-coronavirus-cases-covid-19-death-toll-district-wise-list-indore-bhopal-ujjain-jabalpur-606789|website=indianews| date= 11 April 2020|access-date= 11 April 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 12 April,''' 51 cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Rajasthan records 51 new cases| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/coronavirus-rajasthan-records-51-new-cases-824361.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 54 cases were reported in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=54 Covid-19 cases reported in Odisha so far| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/54-covid-19-cases-reported-in-odisha-so-far-1666053-2020-04-12|website=India Today| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 15 cases reported from [[Dharavi]] in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Dharavi Records 15 New Covid-19 Cases, Total Tally at 43| url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/coronavirus-outbreak/dharavi-records-15-new-covid-19-cases-total-tally-at-43|website=Bloombergquint| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 25 positive cases were reported in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=25 new coronavirus cases in Gujarat; state tally rises to 493| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/25-new-coronavirus-cases-in-gujarat-state-tally-rises-to-493-824389.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 36 people have recovered in a single day in Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |title=Day of relief for Kerala: 36 people recover, new infections drop to two| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/day-of-relief-for-kerala-36-people-recover-new-infections-drop-to-two/articleshow/75110073.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 217 positive cases were reported in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus News India LIVE Updates: Mumbai reports 217 new cases, 16 deaths| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/coronavirus-news-india-live-updates-covid-19-pandemic-delhi-maharashtra-mumbai-tamil-nadu-statewise-tally-lockdown-extended-5135551.html|website=Moneycontrol| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 21 positive cases were reported in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=21 fresh COVID-19 cases in Jammu and Kashmir takes tally to 245| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/jammu-and-kashmir-coronavirus-cases-covid19-607013|website=indiatvnews| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 2 more cases confirmed from Jawaharpur village of Mohali where an 80 years old and 55 years old females tested positive.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/jawaharpur-derabassi-cases-rise-to-36-mohali-coronavirus-punjab-cases-en/ Jawaharpur reported 2 more corona cases] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 12 April 2020.</ref> 70-year-old woman has been discharged in Karnataka from hospital after treatment. At the same time, seven patients have been discharged after treatment so far.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: 70-year-old Karnataka woman recovers| url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/covid-19-70-year-old-karnataka-woman-recovers-1.1586710126442|website=Gulf News| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref>

=== 13–14 April ===
* '''On 13 April,''' 11 positive cases reported in [[Rajasthan]] – 10 from Bharatpur & 1 from Banswara.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=11 fresh cases of coronavirus in Rajasthan| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/11-fresh-cases-of-coronavirus-in-rajasthan/articleshow/75116484.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 13 April 2020|access-date= 13 April 2020}}</ref> 30 positive cases were reported in [[Agra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 30 new cases, Agra turns coronavirus hotspot in Uttar Pradesh as tally reaches to 134| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/agra-coronavirus-hotspot-uttar-pradesh-positive-cases-deaths-covid19-lockdown-607132|website=Indiatvnews| date= 13 April 2020|access-date= 13 April 2020}}</ref> 22 positive cases were reported in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=22 new COVID-19 cases in Guj state tally mounts to 538| url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2020/04/13/bom6-gj-virus-cases.html|website=The Week| date= 13 April 2020|access-date= 13 April 2020}}</ref> Four positive cases were reported from [[Dharavi]] in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Dharavi reports 4 new Covid-19 cases, total cases up to 47| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/dharavi-reports-4-new-covid-19-cases-total-cases-up-to-47/article31327346.ece|website=thehindubusiness| date= 13 April 2020|access-date= 13 April 2020}}</ref> 52-year-old Gazetted Officer reported positive of Punjab Police in [[Ludhiana]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab Police officer tests positive for COVID-19| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/punjab-police-officer-tests-positive-for-covid-19-120041300570_1.html|website=Business Standard| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> The 44 Indians from [[Iran]], who were brought to the country and kept in the Indian Navy's Quarantine Center at [[Ghatkopar]], [[Mumbai]], have now returned home.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=44 Indians evacuated from Iran fully cured, return home to Kashmir| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/44-indians-evacuated-from-iran-fully-cured-return-home-to-kashmir/1800691|website=outlookindia| date= 12 April 2020|access-date= 12 April 2020}}</ref> 6 positive cases were reported in [[Punjab]] – 1 case from [[Mohali]] and 2 cases reported each from [[Jalandhar]] and [[Pathankot]]<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-new-cases-from-mohali-ludhiana-pathankot-and-jalandhar-en/ 6 new cases reported in Punjab] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 13 April 2020.</ref> 25 staff members of a hospital in [[Mumbai]] have tested positive.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Mumbai: More staffers of Bhatia hospital test positive| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-mumbai-more-staffers-of-bhatia-hospital-test-positive-1666391-2020-04-13|website=India Today| date= 13 April 2020|access-date= 13 April 2020}}</ref> 25 cases reported in [[Kashmir]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=25 new COVID-19 positive cases in Jammu & Kashmir take tally to 270| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/25-new-covid-19-positive-cases-in-jammu-kashmir-take-tally-to-270-824915.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 13 April 2020|access-date= 13 April 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 14 April,''' 29 deaths has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=In Sharpest Spike in 24 Hours, India Reports 1,463 New Coronavirus Cases and 29 Deaths| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/coronavirus-pandemic-live-updates-maharashtra-ambedkar-jayanti-us-mumbai-india-cases-world-vaccine-death-toll-2576549.html|website=news18| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> A 56-year-old woman and a 38-year-old woman have tested positive in [[Mohali]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab: Mohali COVID-19 positive cases reach 56| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/punjab-mohali-covid-19-positive-cases-jawaharpur-village-dera-bass-coronavirus-607447|website=indiatvnews| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> 45 cases were reported in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=45 New Covid-19 Cases in Gujarat; State Tally Climbs to 617| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/45-new-covid-19-cases-in-gujarat-state-tally-climbs-to-617-2576913.html|website=news18| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> 34 positive cases were reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=34 new Covid-19 cases in Andhra Pradesh, doctor who treated Jamaat attendee dies| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/34-new-covid-19-cases-in-andhra-pradesh-doctor-who-treated-jamaat-attendee-dies/story-cTMSO8HNLD2UDKVr4hysZM.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> Two cases were reported in [[Haryana]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Day on, two Covid-19 positive cases turn negative in Haryana | url=https://timesofindia.com/city/gurgaon/day-on-two-covid-19-positive-cases-turn-negative-in-haryana/articleshow/75131841.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> 8 positive cases were reported in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala reports 8 new COVID-19 cases | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/kerala-reports-8-new-covid-19-cases-120041401178_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> 204 positive cases were reported in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Mumbai COVID-19 cases go up by 204 to 1753; death toll 111| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/mumbai-covid-19-cases-go-up-by-204-to-1753-death-toll-111/1928466/|website=The Financial Express| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> 71 positive cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 71 COVID-19 cases in Jaipur, Rajasthan tally reaches 969| url=https://telanganatoday.com/with-71-covid-19-cases-in-jaipur-rajasthan-tally-reaches-969|website=telanganatoday| date= 14 April 2020|access-date= 14 April 2020}}</ref> First corona case confirmed in [[Gurdaspur District]] where a 60 years old man tested positive who returned from Jalandhar hospital.<ref>[https://thepunjabwire.com/?p=5829 First corona case in Jalandhar] ''The Punjab Wire''. Retrieved 14 April 2020.</ref>

=== 15–16 April ===
* '''On 15 April,''' the number of positive cases in India exceeded 11,000.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India's Tally of COVID-19 Cases Crosses 11,000 Mark; 38 New Deaths Reported| url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/indias-tally-of-covid-19-cases-crosses-11000-mark-38-new-deaths-reported-1198172|website=ABP news| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 39 deaths has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1,118 new Covid-19 cases, 39 deaths in India in last 24 hrs: Ten things to know| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/1-118-new-covid-19-cases-39-deaths-in-india-in-last-24-hrs-ten-things-to-know-11586952420249.html|website=livemint| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 76 positive cases were reported in [[Indore]].<ref>{{cite news |title=76 new COVID-19 cases in Indore, tally reaches 438 in district| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/76-new-covid-19-cases-in-indore-tally-reaches-438-in-district-120041500086_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> Five positive cases were reported in Dharavi – [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Five new COVID-19 cases in Dharavi; slum area tally 60| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/five-new-covid-19-cases-in-dharavi-slum-area-tally-60/articleshow/75151982.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 56 positive cases were reported in [[Gujarat|Gujrat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=2 COVID-19 deaths in Gujarat, 56 new cases push state tally to 695| url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/2-covid-19-deaths-in-gujarat-56-new-cases-push-state-tally-to-695-120041500418_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 29 cases reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=29 fresh COVID-19 cases in Rajasthan; number rises to 1,034| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/29-fresh-covid19-cases-in-rajasthan-number-rises-to-1034/1802769|website=outlook India| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 19 positive cases were reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Andhra: 19 new COVID-19 cases; Guntur tally reaches 118. Check district-wise list| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-coronavirus-cases-guntur-kurnool-covid-19-death-toll-district-wise-list-607771|website=indiatvnews| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 183 positive cases were reported in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=183 new coronavirus cases reported in Mumbai; city's tally rises to 1,936| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/183-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-mumbai-city-s-tally-rises-to-1-936-11586958869898.html|website=livemint| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> only one positive case was reported in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1 new COVID-19 case in Kerala on Wednesday: Pinarayi Vijayan| url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/1-new-covid-19-case-in-kerala-on-wednesday-pinarayi-vijayan-1.4690613|website=mathrubhumi| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 15 case were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=15 new coronavirus cases reported in Karnataka, total 247| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/15-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-karnataka-total-247/articleshow/75126741.cms|website=economicstimes| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref> 38 cases reported in [[Tamil Nadu]], Of these, 34 are people who joined the Tablighi Jamaat and were in contact with them.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=38 new Covid-19 cases in Tamil Nadu, total tally 1,204| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/38-new-covid-19-cases-in-tamil-nadu-total-tally-1204/articleshow/75146278.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 15 April 2020|access-date= 15 April 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 16 April,''' 28 deaths has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus – 28 Deaths, 826 New COVID-19 Cases in Last 24 Hours in India| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/28-deaths-826-new-coronavirus-cases-in-last-24-hours-in-india-2213005|website=ndtv| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> 19 positive cases were reported in [[Agra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=19 more Covid-19 cases in Agra, district tally reaches 167 | url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/agra/19-more-covid-19-cases-in-agra-district-tally-reaches-167/articleshow/75173153.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020}}</ref> 22 positive cases were reported in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=22 new coronavirus cases reported in Andhra Pradesh as of 8:00 am – Apr 16| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/22-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-as-of-8-00-am-apr-16-11587007600708.html|website=livemint| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020}}</ref> 2 positive cases were reported in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Bihar: 2 more test positive for COVID-19, tally rises to 72| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/bihar-coronavirus-positive-cases-covid-19-death-toll-patna-608113|website=indiatvnews| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020}}</ref> 15 cases were reported in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu reports 25 new coronavirus cases| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tamil-nadu-reports-25-new-coronavirus-cases/article31354705.ece|website=thehindubusiness| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020}}</ref> 34 cases were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 34 new cases, one death in Karnataka| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/covid-19-one-more-dead-in-karnataka/article31353038.ece|newspaper=the hindu| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020| last1=Kulkarni| first1=Tanu}}</ref> 107 cases were reported in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra reports 165 more coronavirus cases; 107 more in Mumbai| url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/maharashtra-reports-165-more-coronavirus-cases-107-more-in-mumbai-292910|website=Wionews| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020}}</ref> 7 cases were reported in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=7 new COVID-19 cases in Kerala on Thursday: Pinarayi Vijayan.| url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/7-new-covid-19-cases-in-kerala-on-thursday-pinarayi-vijayan-1.4693380|website=Mathrubhumi| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020}}</ref> 2 cases were reported in [[Assam]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 Cases in Assam Reach 34 as 2 More Test Positive in Morigaon| url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/covid-19-cases-in-assam-reach-34-as-2-more-test-positive-in-morigaon|website=Guwahatiplus| date= 16 April 2020|access-date= 16 April 2020}}</ref> 6 cases confirmed from Jalandhar District in [[Punjab]].<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-new-cases-from-jalandhar-patiala-and-pathankot-gurdaspur-death-en/ Coronavirus new cases reported from Jalandhar, Patiala and Pathankot] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 16 April 2020.</ref>

=== 17–18 April ===
* '''On 17 April,''' 32 deaths has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus – 32 Deaths, 1,076 New COVID-19 Cases in India in Last 24 Hours| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/32-deaths-1-076-new-coronavirus-cases-in-india-in-last-24-hours-2213627|website=ndtv| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> 38 cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]] – [[Jaipur]]-5, [[Jodhpur]]-18, [[Jhunjhunu]]-1, [[Nagaur]]-2, [[Ajmer]]-1, [[Tonk district|Tonk]]-6, [[Jhalawar]]-1, [[Kota district|Kota]]-4.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan Coronavirus Cases: राजस्थान में 38 नए मामले, जोधपुर, टौंक और जयपुर में बढ़े केस| url=https://www.indiatv.in/india/national-district-wise-coronavirus-cases-in-rajasthan-coronavirus-cases-till-april-17th-morning-including-jaipur-and-jodhpur-703835|website=indiatv| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> 5 positive cases reported from Srikalahasti Temple town of Chittoor District in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Andhra Pradesh reports 5 new cases; tally reaches 534| url=http://www.catchnews.com/national-news/coronavirus-andhra-pradesh-reports-5-new-cases-tally-reaches-534-188631.html|website=catchnews| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> 92 positive cases were reported in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=92 new coronavirus cases in Gujarat, state tally at 1,021. Ahmedabad, Vadodara among 3 other hotspots| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/gujarat-coronavirus-hotspots-list-ahmedabad-vadodara-surat-covid19-cases-deaths-608486|website=Indiatvnews| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> 38 cases were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Karnataka reports 38 new cases| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/coronavirus-karnataka-reports-38-new-cases/article31363586.ece|newspaper=The hindu| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020| last1=Yasmeen| first1=Afshan}}</ref> 288 cases were reported in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=50-year-old COVID-19 positive man dies in Pune, 288 fresh| url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/50-year-old-covid-19-positive-man-dies-in-pune-288-fresh-cases-in-state/articleshow/75196473.cms|website=Pune mirror| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> 66 cases were reported in Telangana.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=66 new Covid cases in Telangana, tally mounts to 766| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/66-new-covid-cases-in-telangana-tally-mounts-to-766/1806062|website=outlook india| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> Two cases reported from Ludhiana District and first case reported from [[Ferozepur District]] all came into contact with the [[Assistant Commissioner of Police]]<ref>[https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/coronavirus/coronavirus-ludhiana-reports-3-new-cases-punjab-tally-rises-to-200-72466 Ludhiana reports 3 new cases] ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 17 April 2020
</ref> Four cases confirmed in Jalandhar.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-new-cases-from-jalandhar-sabzi-mandi-raja-garden-en/ Punjab new cases from Jalandhar] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</ref> State officer who tested corona positive a day before in Ludhiana, died.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-ludhiana-kanungo-death-punjab-covid-19-cases-en/ Ludhiana Kanungo dies due to coronavirus] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 17 April 2020</ref> 56 positive cases were reported in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19 cases see a spike in Tamil Nadu with 56 fresh cases reported, tally at 1,323| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/covid-19-cases-see-a-spike-in-tamil-nadu-with-56-fresh-cases-reported-tally-at-1-323-1668145-2020-04-17|website=India Today| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref> 15 positive cases were reported in [[Dharavi]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Dharavi Records 15 New Coronavirus Cases, Total at 101 Including 10 Deaths| url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/coronavirus-outbreak/dharavi-records-15-new-coronavirus-cases-total-at-101-including-10-deaths|website=bloombergquint| date= 17 April 2020|access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref>
* '''On 18 April,''' According to [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] Out of a total of 14378 cases, 4291 (29.8%) cases are affected by Nizamuddin Markaz cluster. 84 percent in Tamil Nadu, 63 percent in Delhi, 79 percent in Telangana, 59 percent in Uttar Pradesh and 61 percent in Andhra Pradesh are related to this incident & 1992 patients have been cured until the date, which is overall cure 13.85% of the total patients.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19 India: 4,291 out of 14,378 cases linked to Tablighi Jamaat; no new cases in 45 districts of 23 states| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/covid-19-india-4291-out-of-14378-cases-linked-to-tablighi-jamaat-no-new-cases-in-45-districts-of-23-states/579776|website=timesnownews| date= 18 April 2020|access-date= 18 April 2020}}</ref> 98 cases were reported in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=98 new coronavirus cases reported in Rajasthan as of 8:00 am – Apr 18| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/98-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-rajasthan-as-of-8-00-am-apr-18-11587180041522.html|website=livemint| date= 18 April 2020|access-date= 18 April 2020}}</ref> 12 positive cases were reported in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka reports 12 new COVID-19 positive cases on Saturday| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-reports-12-new-covid-19-positive-cases-on-saturday-state-tally-climbs-to-371/articleshow/75217268.cms|website=Bangalore mirror| date= 18 April 2020|access-date= 18 April 2020}}</ref> 49 cases were reported in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: 49 new cases as TN follows multi-pronged strategy| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-49-new-cases-as-tn-follows-multipronged-strategy/1806905|website=outlook india| date= 18 April 2020|access-date= 18 April 2020}}</ref> 2 cases were reported in [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Two more test COVID-19 positive in Haridwar, Uttarakhand's tally climbs to 42| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/two-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-haridwar-uttarakhands-tally-climbs-to-4220200418145350/|website=ani news| date= 18 April 2020|access-date= 18 April 2020}}</ref> In Ludhiana another state official, an [[Assistant sub-inspector of police]] tested corona positive.<ref>[https://punjabi.abplive.com/lifestyle/health/ludhiana-acp-corona-positive-another-asi-in-acps-contact-tests-positive-for-corona-537351/amp Ludhiana ASI tests positive for coronavirus] ''ABP SANJHA'' (Punjabi). Retrieved 18 April 2020.</ref>

=== 19 April===
31 deaths has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=31 New Fatalities Take Coronavirus Death Toll To 519; Number Of Cases Jumps Above 16,000| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-31-new-fatalities-take-coronavirus-death-toll-to-519-number-of-cases-jumps-above-16000/351085|website=outlook india| date= 19 April 2020|access-date= 19 April 2020}}</ref>

* '''Jharkhand:''' One person reported positive in [[Dhanbad]], taking the tally in Dhanbad to 2.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1 more tests positive for COVID-19 in Dhanbad, tally 2|url= https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/health/1014029-1-more-tests-positive-for-covid-19-in-dhanbad-tally-2|website=Devdiscourse|date=19 April 2020|access-date= 19 April 2020}}</ref>
* '''Uttar Pradesh:''' 45 positive cases were reported in [[Agra]], taking the tally in an Agra to 241.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=45 new coronavirus cases in Agra; case tally in the City of Taj rises to 241| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/covid-19-outbreak-45-new-coronavirus-cases-in-agra-case-tally-in-city-of-taj-rises-to-241-609019|website=indiatvnews| date= 19 April 2020|access-date= 19 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Maharashtra:''' 9 cases were reported in [[Nagpur]]. taking the tally in a city to 72.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Nagpur Coronavirus Update: 9 new cases reported| url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/nagpur-coronavirus-update-9-new-cases-reported-tally-rises-to-72/04191025|website=Nagpur Tuday| date= 19 April 2020|access-date= 19 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Bihar:''' one positive case was reported in Bihar, taking the tally to 87 in a state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One more Covid-19 case in Bihar, state tally reaches 87 | url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/patna/one-more-covid-19-case-in-bihar-state-tally-reaches-87/articleshow/75230802.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 19 April 2020|access-date= 19 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Karnataka:''' 4 cases were reported in the [[Mysuru]]. Out of the 4 patients, 2 patients have travel history to Delhi. taking the telly in the state to 388.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Karnataka: 4 new COVID-19 cases reported, tally rises to 388| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/karnataka-coronavirus-death-toll-covid-19-positive-cases-mysuru-nanjanagudu-district-wise-tally-609141| date= April 2020|access-date= 19 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Rajasthan:''' 80 positive cases reported -17 in [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]], 1 in [[Bhilwara]], 2 in [[Bikaner]], 7 in [[Jaipur]], 1 in Jaisalmer, 1 in Jhunjhunu, 30 in [[Jodhpur]], 12 in Nagour, 2 in [[Kota district|Kota]] 2 in Jhalawar, 1 in Hanumangarh & 1 in Sawai Madhopur. Taking the tally in a state to 1431.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: 80 more positive cases in Rajasthan, state tally reaches 1431| url=https://english.lokmat.com/national/covid-19-80-more-positive-cases-in-rajasthan-state-tally-reaches-1431/|website=lokmat| date= 19 April 2020|access-date= 19 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Punjabː''' 4 cases were reported in Mohali.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/nawagaon-cleaning-staff-4-family-members-reports-positive-for-coronavirus/ Mohali get 4 more positive cases] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 19 April 2020.</ref>

=== 20 April===
40 deaths and 1,540 new cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India's Coronavirus Death Toll Rises to 559 as Number of Cases Shoots past 17,650| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/coronavirus-pandemic-live-updates-maharashtra-us-lockdown-mumbai-pm-modi-telangana-karnataka-india-cases-world-2584439.html|website=news18| date= 20 April 2020|access-date= 20 April 2020}}</ref>

After [[Goa]], now [[Manipur]] has also defeated the coronavirus. Two people were infected with the coronavirus there, but now both have recovered and returned home. Manipur has become a COVID-19 free state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=After Goa, another state becomes coronavirus-free| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/after-goa-another-state-becomes-coronavirus-free-11587360124111.html|website=livemint| date= 20 April 2020|access-date= 20 April 2020}}</ref>

*'''Maharastra:''' Three cases were reported in Nagpur. Taking the tally in Nagpur to 76.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Nagpur tally rises to 76 after 3 more test positive for COVID-19| url=https://nationnext.in/nagpur-tally-rises-to-76-after-3-more-test-positive-for-covid-19/|website=nation next| date= 20 April 2020|access-date= 20 April 2020}}</ref> In a same day new 466 cases reported in Maharashtra, taking the total telly in a state to 4666.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra Records 466 New Cases; State Covid-19 Tally Touches 4,666| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/maharashtra-records-466-new-cases-state-covid-19-tally-touches-4666-2585773.html|website=news18| date= 20 April 2020|access-date= 20 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Karnataka:''' 5 cases were reported in [[Karnataka]]. Taking the tally in a state to 395.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Five fresh cases take Karnataka's Covid-19 count to 395 | url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/bengaluru/five-fresh-cases-take-karnatakas-covid-19-count-to-395/articleshow/75246588.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 20 April 2020|access-date= 20 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Jammu & Kashmir:''' 14 cases were reported in Jammu and Kashmir. Taking the telly in the state to 368.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: 14 new positive cases reported in J&K, total cases 368| url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/latest-news/covid-19-14-new-positive-cases-reported-in-jk-total-cases-368/|website=greaterkashmir| date= 20 April 2020|access-date= 20 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 75 cases were reported in state, taking the total tally in a state to 722.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid19: With new 75 cases, Andhra Pradesh's tally goes up to 722| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/covid19-with-new-75-cases-andhra-pradeshs-tally-goes-up-to-722/article31386725.ece/|website=Business Standard| date= 20 April 2020|access-date= 20 April 2020}}</ref>
*'''Punjab:''' One case confirmed from Jalandhar.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-cases-and-death-toll-jalandhar-positive-case-en/ Jalandhar reports one case] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 20 April 2020.</ref>

===21 April===
44 deaths has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus update: India's Covid-19 cases near 19,000-mark, death toll at 603. State-wise numbers| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-india-s-covid-19-cases-near-19-000-mark-death-toll-at-603-state-wise-numbers-11587465529758.html|website=livemint| date= 21 April 2020|access-date= 21 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Madhya Pradesh:''' 18 cases taking the total tally in a state to 915.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Indore's COVID-19 tally over 900| url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/national/indores-covid-19-tally-over-900/|website=lokmat| date= 21 April 2020|access-date= 21 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' 28 cases were reported in [[Agra]]. Taking the total tally in Agra to 295.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 28 new cases, coronavirus tally in Agra reaches 295| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/agra-coronavirus-cases-death-toll-covid-19-609732|website=indiatvnews| date= 21 April 2020|access-date= 21 April 2020}}</ref> 31 cases were reported in Raebareli.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=UP: 31 Jamaatis test COVID-19 positive at Raebareli, total 35 cases| url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/news/india-up-31-jamaatis-test-covid-19-positive-at-raebareli-total-35-cases-1202960|website=abplive| date= 21 April 2020|access-date= 21 April 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengalː''' 29 cases were reported, taking the total tally in a state to 274.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=29 new COVID-19 cases reported in West Bengal, total active cases rise to 274| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/29-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-west-bengal-total-active-cases-rise-to-27420200421183347|website=aninews| date= 21 April 2020|access-date= 21 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 12 cases were reported in Dharavi, taking the total tally in dharavi to 179.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Dharavi's coronavirus count reaches 179 with 12 new cases| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/dharavi-coronavirus-count-mumbai-covid19-cases-609912|website=indiatvnews| date= 21 April 2020|access-date= 21 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' One new case confirmed from Mohali where a 25 years old boy tested corona positive and 5 corona positive cases confirmed in Patiala and all came into contact with the corona positive patient.<ref>[https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/doctor-4-others-test-positive-for-coronavirus-in-patiala-74100 5 test positive in Patiala] ''The Tribune''. Retrieved 21 April 2020.</ref>

===22 April===
49 deaths has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus cases in India cross 20,000; death toll crosses 650| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-cases-india-deaths-news-update-toll-covid-19-1669616-2020-04-22|website=India Today| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref>

'''[[India]]''' stops rapid tests over faulty Chinese testing kits.<ref name="toi1">{{#invoke:Cite|web|last3=Mohan |first3=Geeta |title=After failing across countries, faulty Chinese testing kits now hamper India's fight against COVID-19 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chinese-testing-kits-now-hamper-india-fight-against-covid-19-1669786-2020-04-22 |website=India Today |date=22 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020 }}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 64 cases were reported in Rajasthan, taking the total tally in a state to 1799.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus Pandemic Latest Updates: 64 new cases in Rajasthan, state tally nears 1,800| url=https://english.jagran.com/india/coronavirus-pandemic-live-news-updates-april-22-india-lockdown-covid-19-death-toll-patient-count-number-of-cases-health-ministry-pm-modi-10010978|website=english.jagran| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' Six cases were reported in [[Meerut]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Meerut reports six new Covid-19 cases, tally rises to 83| url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/meerut/meerut-reports-six-new-covid-19-cases-tally-rises-to-83/articleshow/75289857.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref> 2 cases were reported in [[Kanpur]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 fresh COVID-19 cases in Kanpur, total cases at 79| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/2-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-kanpur-total-cases-at-79/articleshow/75292985.cms|website=Business Standard| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref> 26 cases were reported in Saharanpur.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=सहारनपुर में 26 नए कोरोना संक्रमित मिले, तब्लीगी जमात से जुड़े नौ जमाती भी शामिल, 114 पहुंची कुल संख्या| url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/coronavirus-twenty-six-new-coronavirus-cases-including-nine-jamati-found-in-saharanpur-district-in-west-up|website=amarujala| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' Nine cases were reported in Mumbai from Dharavi.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Nine more coronavirus cases in Dharavi, total 189| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/nine-more-coronavirus-cases-in-dharavi-total-189/articleshow/75297651.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 33 cases were reported in a state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=33 more Covid-19 cases in TN, Chennai now centre of pandemic in State| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/33-more-covid-19-cases-in-tn-chennai-now-centre-of-pandemic-in-state/article31407977.ece|website=Business Line| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Keralaː''' 11 cases were reported in a state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: Kerala confirms 11 new cases, to hold back salaries| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-kerala-confirms-11-new-cases-to-hold-back-salaries-11587562471821.html|website=Livemint| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 27 cases were reported in a state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=27 new Covid-19 cases in J&K, all from Kashmir; tally goes up to 440| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/27-new-covid-19-cases-in-j-k-all-from-kashmir-tally-goes-up-to-440-1669836-2020-04-22|website=India Today| date= 22 April 2020|access-date= 22 April 2020}}</ref>

===23 April===
34 deaths & 1299 new cases has been reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus Pandemic: 1,229 new cases and 34 deaths in last 24 hrs; India's tally reaches 21,700 with 686 fatalities| url=https://english.jagran.com/india/coronavirus-pandemic-1229-new-cases-and-34-deaths-in-last-24-hrs-india-tally-reaches-21700-with-686-fatalities-10011058|website=english.jagran| date= 23 April 2020|access-date= 23 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 47 positive cases have been reported in Rajasthan – 20 in [[Jodhpur]], 12 in [[Jaipur]], 10 in Nagaur, 2 each in Hanumangarh & Kota, 1 in Ajmer.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Rajasthan: With 47 new cases, state's tally mounts to 1935; death toll at 15| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/rajasthan-coronavirus-positive-cases-death-toll-april-23-2020-covid-19-610379|website=indiatvnews| date= 23 April 2020|access-date= 23 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 80 cases were reported in a state.<ref>{{cite news |title=80 new COVID-19 cases reported in Andhra Pradesh; three deaths take toll to 27 in state| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/80-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-ap-three-deaths-take-toll-to-27-in-state/articleshow/75318409.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date= 23 April 2020|access-date= 23 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' 13 cases were reported in Saharanpur.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=बढ़ती जा रही है कोरोना मरीजों की संख्या, 13 और लोग पॉजिटिव पाए गए| url=https://www.abpganga.com/meerut/13-more-positive-case-found-in-saharapur-with-covid-19-abp-ganga-56448|website=abpganga| date= 23 April 2020|access-date= 23 April 2020}}</ref> 2 cases were reported in [[Kanpur]], taking the total tally in Kanpur to 79.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=UP: 2 fresh Covid-19 cases in Kanpur, total cases at 79| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/up-2-fresh-covid-19-cases-kanpur-total-cases-79-1669863-2020-04-22|website=India Today| date= 23 April 2020|access-date= 23 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 25 cases were reported in Mumbai from Dharavi.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= 25 more test positive for Covid-19 in Dharavi, tally reaches 214| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-25-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-dharavi-tally-reaches-214-11587649546318.html|website=livemint| date= 23 April 2020|access-date= 23 April 2020}}</ref>

===24 April===
37 deaths & 1752 cases reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India sees biggest Covid-19 spike in 24 hours with 1,752 cases, 37 deaths| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/biggest-covid-19-spike-in-24-hours-with-1752-cases-37-deaths/story-n0xMVskK6cnKYGGE15VvpM.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 24 April 2020|access-date= 24 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 70 new cases were reported, taking total cases in the state to 2,034.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/jaipur-70-new-covid19-positive-cases-have-been-reported-in-rajasthan-today-nodkp-3049033.html|title=COVID-19: राजस्थान में 70 नए केस सामने आए, कुल मामले 2034 हुए; जयपुर में 4 की मौत|date=24 April 2020|website=News18 India|language=hi|access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharastra:''' 6 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=मुंबई के धारावी में कोरोना संक्रमण के 6 नए मामले आए सामने, अब तक 14 की मौत| url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/mumbai/mumbai-coronavirus-updates-dharavi-reports-fewer-cases-today-six-new-cases-reported-from-asias-large-2217794|website=khabar.ndtv| date= 24 April 2020|access-date= 24 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttarakhandː''' 1 case was reported in a state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1 new coronavirus case reported in Uttarakhand as of 5:00 pm – Apr 24| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/1-new-coronavirus-case-reported-in-uttarakhand-as-of-5-00-pm-apr-24-11587730524814.html|website=livemint| date= 24 April 2020|access-date= 24 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' A 35 years old lady tested corona positive in Ludhiana<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-dmos-daughters-corona-report-positive-in-ludhiana/ Fresh corona positive case in Ludhiana] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 24 April 2020</ref> and one new case in Jalandhar.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/jalandhar-reports-another-covid-19-case-district-total-63/ Jalandhar reports another covid19 case] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 24 April 2020</ref> Later on 6 cases confirmed from Patiala, 2 from Mansa and 1 from Amritsar.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-punjab-cases-298-new-cases-from-mansa-patiala-jalandhar-en/ 9 more cases confirm in Punjab] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 24 April 2020</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 72 new cases were reported, of which 52 belonged to Chennai.<ref name="MB-24Apr">{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://stopcorona.tn.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Media-Bulletin-24.04.2020.pdf|title=Media-Bulletin-24.04.2020.pdf|access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>

===25 April===
56 deaths & 1490 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India's Covid-19 Toll at 779, Cases Near 25,000-mark as Govt Says Daily Growth Rate Lowest at 6%| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/coronavirus-pandemic-live-updates-covid-19-latest-narendra-modi-cases-deaths-cure-vaccine-mumbai-delhi-2-2591833.html|website=news18| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 2 cases were reported in Bihar.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Bihar reports 2 more COVID-19 cases, state tally rises to 225| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bihar-reports-2-more-covid-19-cases-state-tally-rises-to-22520200425120032/|website=aninews| date= 25 April 2020|access-date= 25 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 21 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus India News Live Updates {{!}} Dharavi COVID-19 tally zooms to 241 with 21 new cases; 14 die| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/coronavirus-india-news-live-updates-covid-19-pandemic-delhi-maharashtra-mumbai-gujarat-statewise-tally-shops-open-plasma-therapy-5188061.html|website=India Today| date= 25 April 2020|access-date= 25 April 2020}}</ref> 96 police personnel reported positive in a state.

'''Karnataka:''' 26 cases were reported in a state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=26 new coronavirus cases reported in Karnataka as of 5:00 pm – Apr 25| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/26-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-karnataka-as-of-5-00-pm-apr-25-11587816850844.html|website=livemint| date= 25 April 2020|access-date= 25 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Jharkhand:''' 4 cases were reported positive in Ranchi.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=4 new coronavirus cases reported in Jharkhand as of 5:00 pm – Apr 25| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/4-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-jharkhand-as-of-5-00-pm-apr-25-11587816786776.html|website=livemint| date= 25 April 2020|access-date= 25 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' A lady doctor tested corona positive in Pathankot.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/lady-doctor-from-pathankot-tests-positive-for-covid-19/ Lady doctor from Pathankot tests positive] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</ref> Six more cases confirmed in [[Rajpura]] of Patiala District and all came into contact with corona positive patients.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-rajpura-new-cases-of-coronavirus-patiala-district-count-61-en/ Rajpura, 6 new cases of coronavirus] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</ref> Near about after one month a new COVID-19 case reported in Nawanshahr where a 35 years old man tested corona positive who returned from Jammu.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/punjab-fresh-covid-19-case-reported-in-nawanshahrs-balachaur/ Fresh covid19 case reported in Nawanshahr] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</ref> 18th death reported in Punjab from Jalandhar district where a 48 years old man died at morning and later on tested positive.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/jalandhar-reports-another-coronavirus-death-punjab-fatalities-rises-to-18/ Jalandhar reports another coronavirus death] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 49 cases and 2 deaths were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/corona-virus-two-more-deaths-in-rajasthan-49-new-cases-found-today-2218338|title=कोरोना वायरस : राजस्थान में दो और मौत, 49 नए मामले आए सामने|website=NDTVIndia|access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>

===26 April===
47 deaths & 1975 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1,975 new Covid-19 cases, 47 deaths in India in last 24 hours: 10 things to know| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/1-975-new-covid-19-cases-47-deaths-in-india-in-last-24-hours-10-things-to-know-11587904826978.html|website=livemint| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Madhya Pradesh:''' 91 cases were reported in Indore.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=91 people test positive for COVID-19 in Indore| url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/264830610/91-people-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-indore|website=bignewsnetwork| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 15 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=4 more Covid-19 cases in Bihar, state's count reaches 255| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/patna/4-more-covid-19-cases-in-bihar-state-s-count-reaches-255/story-6yHahv33frBq7QEqBQn8rN.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' 13 cases were reported in Saharanpur.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: सहारनपुर में 13 नए मामले, संक्रमितों की कुल संख्या 127 हुई| url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-13-new-covid-19-cases-in-saharanpur-the-total-number-of-infected-was-127-nodkp-3046153.html|website=news18| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Haryana;''' 9 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Haryana COVID-19 count nears 300, woman SI among fresh cases| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-covid-19-count-nears-300-woman-si-among-fresh-cases-120042600894_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020| agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 440 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 440 new cases, Maharashtra Covid-19 count crosses 8,000; death toll at 342| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-440-new-cases-maharashtra-covid-19-count-crosses-8-000-death-toll-at-342-11587910498675.html|website=live mint| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 9 positive cases confirmed in Jalandhar.<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/punjab/jalandhar-city-live-jalandhar-coronavirus-update-with-five-new-cases-jalandhar-is-the-district-with-the-most-cases-in-punjab-20222658 Nine more positive patient in Jalandhar] ''Danik Jagran''. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 64 positive cases confirmed in the state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One dead, 60 discharged, 64 newly-infected in TN| url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2020/04/26190207/1227043/64-new-Covid-cases-in-Tamil-Nadu-tally-mounts-to-1885.vpf|website=dtnext| date= 26 April 2020|access-date= 26 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 102 cases confirmed in the state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/with-102-new-covid-19-cases-rajasthans-count-moves-to-218520200426223137/|title=With 102 new COVID-19 cases, Rajasthan's count moves to 2,185|website=ANI News|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>

===27 April===
60 deaths & 1463 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus Pandemic: 1,463 new cases and 60 deaths in last 24 hrs; India's tally climbs to 28,380 with 886 fatalities| url=https://english.jagran.com/india/coronavirus-pandemic-1463-new-cases-and-60-deaths-in-last-24-hrs-indias-tally-climbs-to-28380-with-886-fatalities-10011181|website=jagran| date= 27 April 2020|access-date= 27 April 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Jharkhand:''' First cases were reported in Jamtara city. Taking the total tally in the state to 83.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Jharkhand Coronavirus Cases News Update : जामताड़ा में मिला पहला कोरोना पॉजिटिव, PMCH ने की पुष्टि| url=https://m.jagran.com/jharkhand/dhanbad-jharkhand-coronavirus-cases-news-update-covid19-positive-cases-found-in-jamtara-20224555.html|website=jagran| date= 27 April 2020|access-date= 27 April 2020}}</ref> 7 cases were reported in Ranchi.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=अभी-अभी: झारखंड में फिर मिले 7 कोरोना मरीज, एक दिन में अबतक 15 पॉजिटिव; आंकड़ा 98 पर| url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-coronavirus-cases-in-jharkhand-7-more-covid19-positive-cases-found-in-jharkhand-total-patients-up-to-98-coronavirus-cases-in-ranchi-jharkhand-coronavirus-cases-news-update-20226309.html|website=jagran| date= 27 April 2020|access-date= 27 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 13 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus Outbreak LIVE Updates: Dharavi reports 13 new COVID-19 cases today; slum recorded 288 cases with 14 deaths| url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-live-updates-covid-19-pandemic-india-toll-narendra-modi-on-lockdown-maharashtra-mumbai-delhi-gujarat-madhya-pradesh-latest-news-today-8302031.html|website=firstpost| date= 27 April 2020|access-date= 27 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Chandigarhː''' 4 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Chandigarh: 4 new cases surface on Monday| url=http://www.babushahi.com/full-news.php?id=100781| date= 27 April 2020|access-date= 27 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 52 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in India LIVE: 52 fresh Covid-19 cases in Tamil Nadu, state's total reaches 1,937| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-news-live-updates-india-world-toll-death-numbers-us-modi-lockdown-meet-1671471-2020-04-27|website=India Today| date= 27 April 2020|access-date= 27 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 77 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rajasthan-coronavirus-death-toll-touches-50-77-new-cases-take-tally-to-2262/1816594|title=Rajasthan coronavirus death toll touches 50; 77 new cases take tally to 2,262|date=27 April 2020|website=Outlook India|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref>

===28 April===
51 deaths & 1594 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus Pandemic: 1594 cases and 51 deaths in last 24 hours, take India's toll to 937; tally nears 30,000| url=https://english.jagran.com/india/coronavirus-pandemic-1594-cases-and-51-deaths-in-last-24-hours-take-indias-toll-to-937-tally-nears30000-10011223|website=jagran| date= 29 April 2020|access-date= 29 April 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 82 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=82 fresh COVID-19 cases reported in Andhra Pradesh, tally touches 1,259| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/82-fresh-covid-19-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-tally-touches-1259-830892.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 28 April 2020|access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Madhya Pradesh:''' 19 cases were reported in Indore.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 cases in Indore Central Jail rise to 19|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/covid-19-cases-in-indore-central-jail-rise-to-19-830988.html| date= 28 April 2020|access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujratː''' 226 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Gujarat COVID-19 cases up by 226 to 3,774; 19 die in Ahmedabad|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gujarat-covid19-cases-up-by-226-to-3774-19-die-in-ahmedabad/1817557|website=outlook india| date= 28 April 2020|access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 42 cases were reported from Dharavi.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus Outbreak LIVE Updates: With 42 new COVID-19 cases, Dharavi reports highest single-day jump; total number of cases in slum rises to 330|url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-live-updates-covid-19-pandemic-india-toll-narendra-modi-on-lockdown-maharashtra-mumbai-delhi-gujarat-madhya-pradesh-latest-news-today-8305331.html|website=first post| date= 28 April 2020|access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 2 cases were reported in Mohali.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-mohali-new-case-from-jawaharpur-village-derabassi-punjab-en/ Jawaharpur Two new case reported from Mohali] ''PTC NEWS''. Retrieved 28 April 2020.</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 121 cases were reported of which, 103 were from Chennai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://stopcorona.tn.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Media-Bulletin-28.04.2020.pdf|url-status=live|title=Media Bulletin 28 April 2020|website=Health & Family Welfare Department Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428135554/https://stopcorona.tn.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Media-Bulletin-28.04.2020.pdf|archive-date=28 April 2020}}
</ref>

'''Uttarakhandː''' only 1 case was reported in Dehradun.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One more COVID-19 case detected in Uttarakhand; tally rises to 52|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/one-more-covid-19-case-detected-in-uttarakhand-tally-rises-to-52/articleshow/75431930.cms|website=Business insder| date= 28 April 2020|access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 23 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=23 new coronavirus cases reported in Jammu and Kashmir as of 8:00 am – Apr 28|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/23-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-jammu-and-kashmir-as-of-8-00-am-apr-28-11588043329796.html|website=livemint| date= 28 April 2020|access-date= 28 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 102 cases were reported the state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/102-more-covid-19-positive-in-rajasthan-states-count-now-at-236420200428223804/|title=102 more COVID-19 positive in Rajasthan, state's count now at 2,364|website=ANI News|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref>

===29 April===
71 deaths & 1813 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/1-813-new-covid-19-cases-71-deaths-in-india-in-last-24-hours-10-things-to-know-11588161924611.html|title=1,813 new Covid-19 cases, 71 deaths in India in last 24 hours: 10 things to know|website=Livemint|date=29 April 2020|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Chandigarhː''' 12 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/chandigarh-ut-reports-12-new-covid-19-cases-total-count-rises-to-6820200429193440/|title=Chandigarh UT reports 12 new COVID-19 cases, total count rises to 68|website=ANI News|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Odishaː''' 7 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.orissapost.com/covid-19-odisha-reports-3-more-positive-cases-tally-rises-to-122/|title=COVID-19: Odisha reports 7 positive cases Wednesday, tally rises to 125|website=ANI News|date=29 April 2020|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Biharː'''9 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-with-9-new-coronavirus-cases-in-bihar-total-tally-jumps-to-106-nodvkj-3064642.html|title=COVID-19 Update: बिहार में मिले 9 नए पॉजिटिव केस, अब तक 392 लोग संक्रमित|website=News18|date=29 April 2020 |access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Keralaː'''10 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-kerala-has-10-new-cases-3-4-lakh-expats-enroll-to-return-home-11588165454314.html|title=Covid-19: Kerala has 10 new cases, 3.4 lakh expats enroll to return home|website=livemint|date=29 April 2020|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Jharkhandː''' 106 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/jharkhands-covid-19-cases-rise-to-10620200429175522/|title=Jharkhand's COVID-19 cases rise to 106|website=aninews|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengalː''' 33 cases were reported in state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://english.jagran.com/india/coronavirus-pandemic-live-news-updates-april-29-india-lockdown-covid-19-death-toll-patient-count-number-of-cases-health-ministry-pm-modi-10011233|title=Coronavirus Pandemic: 33 new cases in West Bengal, state tally reaches 550 |website=jagran|date=29 April 2020 |access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 2 cases confirmed in Faridkot who returned from Nanded, Maharashtra.<ref>[https://news.abplive.com/videos/news/india-two-more-nanded-pilgrims-test-coronavirus-positive-total-count-14-1208558/amp 2 more nanded pilgrims test corona positive] ''ABP NEWS''. Retrieved 29 April 2020.</ref> 11 cases confirmed in Ludhiana, out of these 7 returned from Nanded and 4 returned from Kota University in Rajasthan and 3 cases confirmed in Hoshiarpur<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/coronavirus-new-cases-from-ludhiana-faridkot-and-hoshiarpur-nanded-pilgrims-en/ 11 coronavirus cases reported in Ludhiana and 3 in Hoshiarpur] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 29 April 2020.</ref> 2 new cases reported in Mohali.<ref>[https://www.ptcnews.tv/jawaharpur-reports-2-new-coronavirus-cases-mohali-count-rises-to-67/ 2 new cases in Mohali] ''PTC NEWS (Punjabi)''. Retrieved 29 April 2020.</ref>

'''Rajasthanː''' 74 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/three-people-die-of-covid19-in-rajasthan-2438-cases-in-state/1818989|title=Three people die of COVID-19 in Rajasthan; 2,438 cases in state|website=Outlook India|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 104 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://stopcorona.tn.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Media-Bulletin-29.04.2020.pdf|url-status=live|title=Media Bulletin 29 April 2020|website=Health & Family Welfare Department Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429135905/https://stopcorona.tn.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Media-Bulletin-29.04.2020.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2020}}
</ref>

===30 April===
67 deaths & 1823 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1,823 new Covid-19 cases, 67 deaths in India in last 24 hours: 10 things to know| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/1-823-new-covid-19-cases-67-deaths-in-india-in-last-24-hours-10-things-to-know-11588249227873.html|website=livemint| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Haryana:''' 18 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Jhajjar emerges as new Covid-19 hotspot district with 25 cases| url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/jhajjar-emerges-as-new-covid-19-hotspot-district-with-18-cases-in-three-days-78463|website=The Tribune| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 71 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 71 new Covid-19 cases, Andhra Pradesh tally past 1,400| url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/vijayawada/with-71-new-covid-19-cases-andhra-pradesh-tally-past-1400/articleshow/75466141.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 25 cases were reported from Dharavi.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Dharavi Records 25 New Covid-19 Cases, Including One Death| url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/coronavirus-outbreak/dharavi-records-25-new-covid-19-cases-including-one-death|website=bloombergquint| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 105 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Punjab reports 105 new COVID-19 cases, India's tally exceeds 33,400| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/coronavirus-live-updates-india-records-highest-deaths-in-a-single-day-toll-stands-at-886-tally-crosses-28000-827545.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Chandigarhː''' 5 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Chandigarh reports 5 new cases, UT tally rises to 78| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/coronavirus-chandigarh-reports-5-new-cases-tally-rises-to-78-78552|website=The Tribune| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 161 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu reports highest single-day spike in cases with 161 people testing positive| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-sees-big-spike-in-covid-19-cases-record-161-reported/articleshow/75474089.cms|website=The Economic Times| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Odishaː''' 14 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=14 More COVID Positive Cases Reported From Odisha's Jajpur: Tally Reaches 142| url=https://kalingatv.com/state/14-more-covid-positive-cases-reported-from-odishas-jajpur-tally-142/|website=kalingatv| date= 30 April 2020|access-date= 30 April 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 146 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3 more COVID-19 deaths, 146 new cases in Rajasthan|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/3-more-covid19-deaths-146-new-cases-in-rajasthan/1820053|website=Outlook India|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref>

==May==
{{Sidebar timeline
| title = Major events of COVID-19 pandemic in India in May

| years1 = '''1 May'''
| color1 = red
| events1 = Nationwide lock-down further extended till 17 May

| years2 = '''2 May'''
| color2 = green
| events2 = 10,000 confirmed recoveries

| years3 = '''7 May'''
| color3 = red
| events3 = 50,000 confirmed cases

| years4 = '''10 May'''
| color4 = black
| events4 = 2,000 confirmed deaths

| years5 = '''11 May'''
| color5 = green
| events5 = 20,000 confirmed recoveries

| years6 = '''17 May'''
| color6 = red
| events6 = Nationwide lockdown further extended till 31 May

| years7 = '''19 May'''
| color7 = red
| events7 = 100,000 confirmed cases

|years8 = '''23 May'''
|color8 = green
|events8 = 50,000 confirmed recoveries

|years9 = '''27 May'''
|color9 = red
|events9 = 150,000 confirmed cases

|years10 = '''31 May'''
|color10 = black
|events10 = 5,000 confirmed deaths

}}

===1 May===
77 deaths & 1755 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India reports 77 COVID-19 deaths in 24 hours, highest in a day|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/05/01/india-reports-77-covid-19-deaths-in-24-hours-highest-in-a-single-day.html|website=NDTV.com|access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

The [[Government of India]] extended nationwide lockdown further by two weeks until 17 May.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 More Weeks Of Lockdown Starting May 4|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nationwide-lockdown-over-coronavirus-extended-for-two-weeks-beyond-may-4-2221782|website=NDTV.com|access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> New cases reported in following states/UTs were as:

'''Karnataka:''' 11 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=KARNATAKA COVID-19 TRACKER: 11 NEW CASES REPORTED IN A DAY, NONE FROM BENGALURU| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-11-new-cases-reported-in-a-day-none-from-bengaluru/articleshow/75486924.cms| date= 1 May 2020|access-date= 1 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Odisha:''' 1 case was reported in the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: One more case detected in Odisha| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-one-more-case-detected-in-odisha/article31478543.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 1 May 2020|access-date= 1 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 583 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=583 new coronavirus cases reported in Maharashtra as of 5:00 pm – May 01| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/583-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-maharashtra-as-of-5-00-pm-may-01-11588335571624.html|website=livemint| date= 1 May 2020|access-date= 1 May 2020}}</ref>

'''jharkhandː''' 4 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=4 new coronavirus cases reported in Jharkhand as of 5:00 pm – May 01| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/4-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-jharkhand-as-of-5-00-pm-may-01-11588335512015.html|website=livemint| date= 1 May 2020|access-date= 1 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Telanganaː''' 22 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=22 new covid-19 cases, 3 deaths in Telangana after brief lull| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/22-new-covid-19-cases-3-deaths-in-telangana-after-brief-lull-11588267442124.html|website=livemint| date= 1 May 2020|access-date= 1 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthanː''' 82 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 death toll rises to 62 in Rajasthan, cases climb to 2,666|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/covid-19-death-toll-rises-to-62-in-rajasthan-cases-climb-to-2666-832456.html|date=1 May 2020|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujaratː''' 313 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=313 new coronavirus cases reported in Gujarat as of 5:00 pm – May 01|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/313-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-gujarat-as-of-5-00-pm-may-01-11588335564491.html|date=1 May 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref>

===2 May===
77 deaths & 2411 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With record 2,411 new Covid-19 cases in 24 hrs, India's count nears 38,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-record-2-411-new-covid-19-cases-in-24-hrs-india-s-count-nears-38-000-mark-11588412492688.html|website=livemint| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 62 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus LIVE Update: 223 new cases reported in Delhi, 62 in Andhra Pradesh in 24 hours| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-live-updates-covid-india-world-death-toll-cases-migrants-who-1673538-2020-05-02|website=India Today| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 195 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab reports 195 new coronavirus cases, tally 780| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-reports-195-new-coronavirus-cases-tally-780-79427|website=tribineindia| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref> 2 cases reported in Mohali.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Two new Covid-19 cases in Mohali take district count to 94| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/cities/two-new-covid-19-cases-in-mohali-take-district-count-to-96/story-6YU3TTxLpwWiWLszerCo1L.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 11 cases were reported in Nagpur.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Nagpur confirms 11 more COVID-19 cases| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/nagpur-confirms-11-more-covid-19-cases20200502172758/|website=Aninews| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref> 790 cases were reported in a state<ref>{{cite news |title=With 790 fresh Covid-19 cases, Maharashtra's count breaches 12,000-mark |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-790-fresh-covid-19-cases-maharashtra-s-count-breaches-12-000-mark-11588432355561.html |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref>

'''Haryana:''' 47 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=47 new coronavirus cases reported in Haryana as of 8:00 am – May 02| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/47-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-haryana-as-of-8-00-am-may-02-11588397280024.html|website=livemint| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Odisha:''' 2 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 Covid-19 Positive Cases in Jajpur, Toll Rises To 156 In Odisha| url=https://kalingatv.com/state/2-covid-19-positive-cases-in-jajpur-toll-rises-to-156-in-odisha/|website=kalingatv| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 231 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu reports one COVID-19 death, 231 fresh cases| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/tamil-nadu-reports-one-covid-19-death-231-fresh-cases-832772.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 2 May 2020|access-date= 2 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 106 new cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus claims six more lives in Rajasthan, death toll 68|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/coronavirus-claims-six-more-lives-in-rajasthan-death-toll-68-79464|website=The Tribune|access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref>

===3 May===
83 deaths & 2487 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus update: With 2,487 fresh cases in 24 hours, India's Covid-19 count shoots past 40,000. State-wise tally| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-with-2-487-fresh-cases-in-24-hours-india-s-covid-19-count-shoots-past-40-000-state-wise-tally-11588502040505.html|website=indiatvnews| date= 3 May 2020|access-date= 3 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 58 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Andhra: 58 new COVID-19 cases; Kurnool tally reaches 466. Check district-wise| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-coronavirus-positive-cases-covid-19-death-toll-district-wise-tally-613712|website=indiatvnews| date= 3 May 2020|access-date= 3 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 331 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: In steepest rise yet, Punjab registers 331 case in one day; case tally now over 1,100| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/coronavirus-in-steepest-rise-yet-punjab-registers-331-case-in-one-day-case-tally-now-over-1-100-79794|website=The Times of India| date= 3 May 2020|access-date= 3 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 35 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=35 new COVID-19 cases in J-K; infection tally reaches 701| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/35-new-covid19-cases-in-jk-infection-tally-reaches-701/1822575|website=outlookindia| date= 3 May 2020|access-date= 3 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnatakaː''' 3 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3 new coronavirus cases reported in Karnataka as of 8:00 am – May 3| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/3-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-karnataka-as-of-8-00-am-may-3-11588478310997.html|website=livemint| date= 3 May 2020|access-date= 3 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttarakhandː''' only 1 case was reported in the state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1 new coronavirus case reported in Uttarakhand as of 8:00 am – May 3| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/1-new-coronavirus-case-reported-in-uttarakhand-as-of-8-00-am-may-3-11588478309530.html|website=livemint| date= 3 May 2020|access-date= 3 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Odishaː''' 2 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Two Surat returnees testing positive leaves Odisha worried| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/coronavirus-two-surat-returnees-testing-positive-leaves-odisha-worried/article31493433.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 3 May 2020|access-date= 3 May 2020| last1=Barik| first1=Satyasundar}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 114 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=114 new COVID-19 cases in Rajasthan, total count mounts to 2,886|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/114-new-covid-19-cases-in-rajasthan-total-count-mounts-to-288620200503223618/|website=ANI News|access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref>

===4 May===
83 deaths & 2573 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=New single-day corona high: 2,573 cases and 83 deaths| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-single-day-corona-high-2573-cases-and-83-deaths-6394028/|website=The Indian Express| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 67 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=67 new coronavirus cases reported in Andhra Pradesh; number rises to 1,650 in state| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/67-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-number-rises-to-1650-in-state/articleshow/75531287.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Haryanaː''' 75 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=हरियाणा में कोरोना के 75 नए मामले, कोविड-19 मरीजों की संख्या हुई 517
| url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-with-75-new-cases-of-covid-19-reported-today-in-haryana-total-tally-goes-up-to-517-in-the-state-3193156.html|website=livehindustan| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː'''132 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus India News LIVE: Punjab reports 132 fresh COVID-19 cases; Haryana total rises to 517
| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/coronavirus-india-news-today-live-updates-covid-19-cases-india-today-pm-modi-delhi-maharashtra-mumbai-gujarat-tamil-nadu-migrants-lockdown-extension-5217301.html|website=moneycontrol| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 527 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With record 527 fresh cases in a day, Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count rises to 3,550
| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-record-527-fresh-cases-in-a-day-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-rises-to-3-550-11588596303311.html|website=livemint| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Chandigarhː''' 5 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=5 new COVID-19 cases detected in Chandigarh; total now 102
| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-death-toll-rises-to-1389-cases-climb-to-42836-in-india-health-ministry/articleshow/75536316.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Biharː''' 6 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=6 cases from Patna among 68 from Bihar, tally up to 345
| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/6-cases-from-patna-among-68-from-bihar-tally-up-to-345/story-BaD59pVqwvvHvr3VFwbtLM.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 175 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Six die of COVID-19 in Rajasthan; death toll rises to 77|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/11445821_Six-die-of-COVID-19-in-Rajasthan--death-toll-rises-to-77.html|date=4 May 2020|website=Press Trust of India|access-date=4 May 2020}}</ref>

===5 May===
194 deaths & 3875 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=194 deaths in a day, infections surge to a new high, but still doubling in 12 days, says govt| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-coronavirus-cases-doubling-rate-6395966/|website=The Indian Express| date= 5 May 2020|access-date= 5 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Tripura:''' 13 border security force personnel tested positive in the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=13 border security force personnel tested covid 19 {{sic|pos|tive|nolink=y}} in Tripura| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/13-border-security-force-personnel-tested-covid-19-postive-in-tripura/articleshow/75540497.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date= 5 May 2020|access-date= 5 May 2020| last1=Singh| first1=Bikash}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 8 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Eight test positive for Covid-19 in Karnataka; tally rises to 659 in state| url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/bengaluru/eight-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-karnataka-tally-rises-to-659-in-state/articleshow/75550519.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 4 May 2020|access-date= 4 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Chandigarhː''' 13 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: Surge in Sangrur, gets 40% of 132 new cases| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/surge-in-sangrur-gets-40-of-132-new-cases/articleshow/75552411.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 5 May 2020|access-date= 5 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jharkhandː''' 4 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=अभी-अभी: झारखंड में आज फिर मिले 4 कोरोना मरीज, अबतक 119 पॉजिटिव; जानें ताजा हाल| url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-jharkhand-coronavirus-cases-news-update-4-corona-positive-cases-found-in-ranchi-today-jharkhand-total-119-ranchi-coronavirus-cases-news-update-coronavirus-in-jharkhand-coronavirus-update-20245875.html|website=jagran.com| date= 5 May 2020|access-date= 5 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 219 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab reports 219 new COVID-19 cases| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/punjab-reports-219-new-covid-19-cases20200505185017/|website=Aninews| date= 5 May 2020|access-date= 5 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthanː''' 97 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan reports 12 more COVID-19 fatalities; death toll climbs to 89|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rajasthan-reports-12-more-covid19-fatalities-death-toll-climbs-to-89/1825031|website=Outlook India|access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>

===6 May===
111 deaths & 2680 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/india-registers-another-spike-in-covid-19-cases-total-nears-50000-mark/article31519719.ece|title=2,680 new Covid cases recorded in last 24 hours|newspaper=Business Line|access-date= 6 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

[[Government of Telangana|Telangana government]] announced for extension of lockdown until 29 May in the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-impact-lockdown-in-telangana-extended-till-29-may-11588697821022.html|title=Covid-19 impact: Lockdown in Telangana extended till 29 May|newspaper=livemint|access-date= 5 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Odisha:''' 1 case was reported in the state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus cases in Odisha rise to 177; death toll at 2| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/odisha-coronavirus-new-cases-may-6-covid-19-death-toll-614558|website=indiatvnews| date= 6 May 2020|access-date= 6 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 122 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=112 new COVID-19 cases reported in West Bengal| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/112-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-west-bengal20200506181607/|website=Ani News| date= 6 May 2020|access-date= 6 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 1233 cases& 68 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus India News LIVE Maharashtra reports 1,233 fresh cases, state tally now at 16,758|date=6 May 2020 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/coronavirus-india-news-today-live-updates-covid-19-cases-india-today-pm-modi-delhi-maharashtra-mumbai-gujarat-tamil-nadu-migrants-lockdown-5227721.html|access-date= 6 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 20 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka Covid-19 Tracker: 20 people test positive; state t| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-19-people-test-positive-state-tally-reaches-692/articleshow/75571749.cms|access-date= 6 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 34 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=34 new COVID-19 cases in J&K, total 775| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/34-new-covid19-cases-in-jk-total-775/1825963|access-date= 6 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 771 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With record 771 new cases in 24 hrs, Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count rises to 4,829| date=6 May 2020| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-record-771-new-cases-in-24-hrs-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-rises-to-4-829-11588775367848.html|access-date= 6 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 159 cases 30 [[Border Security Force|BSF]] soldiers tested positive who returned from Delhi after COVID-19 management duty.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/rajasthan-reports-4-more-covid19-fatality-death-toll-stands-at-93-infection-tally-reaches-3317/1826212|title=Rajasthan reports 4 more COVID-19 fatality; death toll stands at 93, infection tally reaches 3,317|website=Outlook India|date=6 May 2020|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref>

===7 May===
89 deaths & 3561 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India records 3,561 new cases of coronavirus, 89 deaths in 24 hours; tally nears 53,000| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-new-cases-coronavirus-deaths-tally-numbers-toll-1675228-2020-05-07|website=India Today| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>
The tally of total cases in country crosses 50,000-mark.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India's Covid-19 count crosses 50,000-mark, Mumbai records over 10,000 cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-s-covid-19-count-crosses-50-000-mark-mumbai-records-over-10-000-new-cases-11588781686654.html|website=livemint| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 56 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=56 fresh COVID-19 cases reported in AP; number rises to 1,833| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/56-fresh-covid19-cases-reported-in-ap-number-rises-to-1833/1826566|website=outlook India| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 8 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 8 new cases, one more death in Karnataka| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/coronavirus-8-new-cases-one-more-death-in-karnataka/article31524266.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020| last1=Yasmeen| first1=Afshan}}</ref>

'''Jharkhandː''' 5 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=अभी-अभी: झारखंड के पलामू में आज मिले 5 कोरोना मरीज, अबतक 132; जानें ताजा हाल| url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-jharkhand-coronavirus-update-palamu-based-5-covid19-positive-cases-found-in-daltonganj-total-132-cases-in-jharkhand-palamu-corona-news-palamu-coronavirus-cases-20251254.html|website=jagran.com| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Haryanaː''' 31 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=अभी-अभी: झारखंड के पलामू में आज मिले 5 कोरोना मरीज, अबतक 132; जानें ताजा हाल| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/31-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-haryana-as-of-8-00-am-may-6-11588740271195.html|website=livemint| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Naduː''' 580 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu reports 580 Covid-19 cases and two more deaths; large number of cases linked to Koyambedu market| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-reports-580-covid-19-cases-and-two-more-deaths-large-number-of-cases-linked-to-koyambedu-market/articleshow/75602761.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnatakaː''' 12 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 Tracker: 12 people test positive; state| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-eight-people-test-positive-state-tally-reaches-701/articleshow/75595697.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 1,216 cases in the state & 250 policeman cases were reported in a Mumbai city & tally of total cases in Mumbai crosses 10,000-mark till.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Number of Covid-19 positive cops in Mumbai reaches 250; 27 at one police station| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/number-of-covid-19-positive-cops-in-mumbai-reaches-250-27-at-one-police-station/story-XlruHxQWtJOj2VId6ZRcVI.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 92 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=7 more COVID-19 deaths, 92 new cases in Bengal| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/7-more-covid-19-deaths-92-new-cases-in-bengal/articleshow/75604356.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 7 May 2020|access-date= 7 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 110 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=110 new COVID-19 cases reported in Rajasthan|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/110-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-rajasthan-81719|last1=Goyal|first1=Yash|date=7 May 2020|website=The Tribune|access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref>

===8 May===
103 deaths & 3390 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3,390 Coronavirus Cases, 103 Deaths in 24 Hours, Total Cases in India Cross 56,300| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-3-390-cases-103-deaths-in-india-in-24-hours-total-cases-over-56-300-2225215|website=ndtv.| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Odisha:''' 26 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Odisha: 26 new COVID-19 cases in Ganjam, Kendrapara, Bhadrak; state tally at 24| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-cases-in-odisha-covid-19-death-toll-615258| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 54 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Andhra: 54 new COVID-19 cases; Kurnool tally reaches 547. Check district-wise list| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-cases-in-andhra-pradesh-covid-9-death-toll-district-wise-tally-615291|website=indiatvnews| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 600 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu records 600 new coronavirus cases, 399 from Chennai alone| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-new-coronavirus-cases-deaths-latest-news-chennai-covid-19-615417|website=indiatvnews| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː'''30 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Kashmir reports 30 fresh COVID-19 cases, JK tally rises to 823| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kashmir-reports-30-fresh-covid19-cases-jk-tally-rises-to-823/1828270|website=outlookindia| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 87 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Punjab reports 87 new cases; death toll rises to 29| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/coronavirus-punjab-reports-87-new-cases-death-toll-rises-to-29-82107|website=The Tribune| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Chandigarhː''' 146 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Chandigarh records 146 COVID-19 cases so far| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/chandigarh-records-146-covid-19-cases-so-far20200508185109/|website=aninews| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttarakhandː''' 2 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Two more test positive for COVID-19 in Uttarakhand, tally rises to 63| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/two-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-uttarakhand-tally-rises-to-63/articleshow/75628672.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 130 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=West Bengal reports 9 deaths due to COVID-19 in last 24 hours, 130 fresh infections: Health bulletin.| url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/1042509-west-bengal-reports-9-deaths-due-to-covid-19-in-last-24-hours-130-fresh-infections-health-bulletin|website=devdiscourse| date= 8 May 2020|access-date= 8 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 152 cases<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 May 2020|title=With 4 COVID-19 deaths, toll in Rajasthan rises to 103; total tally reaches 3,579|work=Business Standard India|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/with-4-covid-19-deaths-toll-in-rajasthan-rises-to-103-total-tally-reaches-3-579-120050801652_1.html|access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>

===9 May===
95 deaths & 3320 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India reports 3,320 new Covid-19 cases, 95 deaths in 24 hours| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-reports-3320-new-covid-19-cases-95-deaths-in-24-hours/story-OIWepw8Z3lafz9hzkeaRIM.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 9 May 2020|access-date= 9 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttarakhand:''' 4 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Four new cases of Covid-19 reported in Uttarakhand today| url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/four-new-cases-of-covid-19-reported-in-uttarakhand-today/articleshow/75644588.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 9 May 2020|access-date= 9 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 43 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Andhra: 43 new COVID-19 cases; Kurnool tally reaches 553. Check district-wise list| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-cases-in-andhra-covid-9-death-toll-district-wise-tally-615596|website=indiatvnews| date= 9 May 2020|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Chandigarhː''' 23 cases.

'''Punjabː''' 31 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=31 new coronavirus cases take Punjab tally to 1,762| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/31-new-coronavirus-cases-take-punjab-tally-to-1-762-82566|website=The Tribune| date= 9 May 2020|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraˑ''' 25 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Mumbai: 25 new Covid-19 cases reported from Dharavi area| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-25-new-covid-19-cases-reported-from-dharavi-area/articleshow/75646767.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 9 May 2020|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 41 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka reports 41 new Covid-19 cases| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/karnataka-reports-41-new-covid-19-cases/article31545175.ece|website=Business Line| date= 9 May 2020|access-date= 9 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 394 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=394 new coronavirus cases in Gujarat, 23 deaths| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/394-new-coronavirus-cases-in-gujarat-23-deaths/1829343|website=outlookindia| date= 9 May 2020|access-date= 9 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 526 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 526 new cases, Tamil Nadu's coronavirus count reaches 6,535| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-526-new-cases-tamil-nadu-s-coronavirus-count-reaches-6-535-11589033141061.html|website=livemint|date= 9 May 2020|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 129 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-death-toll-rises-to-106-in-rthan-3708-cases/1829474|title=COVID-19 death toll ries to 106 in Rajasthan; 3708 cases|website=Outlook India|date=9 May 2020|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref>

===10 May===
128 deaths & 3277 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus {{!}} Health Ministry says COVID-19 recovery rate has crossed 30%| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-india-says-covid-19-recovery-rate-has-crossed-30/article31552949.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Haryana:''' 20 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Haryana reports 20 new cases, one fatality| url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/coronavirus-haryana-reports-2-new-cases-state-tally-rises-to-615-82119|website=The Tribune| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 53 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=53 more test positive for covid-19 in Karnataka| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/53-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-karnataka-11589097760655.html|website=livemint| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 669 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 669 fresh cases, Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count breaches 7,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-669-fresh-cases-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-breaches-7-000-mark-11589114659110.html|website=livemint| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 26 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Dharavi: 26 New Cases, 2 Deaths in 24 hours; Total Tally at 859| url=https://www.india.com/news/india/coronavirus-in-dharavi-26-new-cases-2-deaths-in-24-hours-total-tally-at-859-4025160/|website=india| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Odishaː''' 23 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=23 new coronavirus cases reported in Odisha as of 8:00 am – May 10| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/23-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-odisha-as-of-8-00-am-may-10-11589082541199.html|website=livemint| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhiː''' 224 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=224 fresh cases in Delhi, 3 more pvt hospitals for virus| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/224-fresh-cases-in-delhi-3-more-pvt-hospitals-for-virus-6402583/|website=The Indian Express| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradeshː''' 43 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=43 new coronavirus cases reported in Andhra Pradesh as of 8:00 am – May 10| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/43-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-as-of-8-00-am-may-10-11589082548462.html|website=The Indian Express| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttar Pradeshː''' 84 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: 84 more test positive for COVID-19 in UP, tally rises to 1,884| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-84-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-up-tally-rises-to-1-884-11589111001477.html|website=The Indian Express| date= 10 May 2020|access-date= 10 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 106 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rajasthan-reports-2-more-coronavirus-deaths-106-fresh-cases/1830319|title=Rajasthan reports 2 more coronavirus deaths, 106 fresh cases|website=Outlook India|date=10 May 2020|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>

===11 May===
97 deaths & 4213 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 4,213 Cases, 97 Deaths in 24 Hours, Coronavirus Cases in India Climb to 67,152 {{!}} Key Points| url=https://www.india.com/news/india/with-4213-cases-97-deaths-in-24-hours-coronavirus-cases-in-india-climb-to-67152-key-points-4026157/|website=india.com| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref>

The total of 20,000 recoveries reported until 11 may.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India sees biggest jump in new coronavirus cases but recoveries hit 20,000| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/biggest-jump-in-new-cases-but-recoveries-hit-20-000/story-7xmlrtODGwlXjrh9UXxzKP.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Bihar:''' 11 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19 tally in Bihar reaches 707 with 11 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-tally-in-bihar-reaches-707-with-11-fresh-cases-11589180357171.html|website=livemint| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 14 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 Tracker: State reports 14 new cases; 1 fr| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-state-reports-10-new-cases-none-from-bengaluru/articleshow/75670610.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 54 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Punjab reports 54 new cases as total tally rises to 1,877; death of a 91-year-old man| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/coronavirus-punjab-reports-54-new-cases-as-total-tally-rises-to-1-877-death-of-a-91-year-old-man-83400|website=The Tribune| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmir:''' 18 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=18 more people test COVID-19 positive in Jammu and Kashmir, number of cases rises to 879: Officials.| url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/1045953-18-more-people-test-covid-19-positive-in-jammu-and-kashmir-number-of-cases-rises-to-879-officials|website=devdiscourse| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 310 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=310 fresh COVID-19 cases in Delhi, tally now 7,233; no new death| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/310-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-delhi-tally-now-7233-no-new-death/articleshow/75678050.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 38 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=38 more test positive for covid-19 in Andhra Pradesh| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/38-more-test-positive-for-covid-19-in-andhra-pradesh-11589195121425.html|website=livemint| date= 11 May 2020|access-date= 11 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 174 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=174 new COVID-19 cases, 5 deaths reported in Rajasthan today|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/174-new-covid-19-cases-5-deaths-reported-in-rajasthan-today20200511223312/|website=ANI News|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>

===12 May===
87 deaths & 3604 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3604 new coronavirus cases, 87 deaths in past 24 hours; India's COVID-19 tally at 70,756, recovery rate 31.73%| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/3604-new-coronavirus-cases-87-deaths-in-past-24-hours-india-s-covid-19-tally-at-70756-recovery-rate-31-73-2282842.html|website=zeenews.india.com| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 33 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Twenty out of 33 fresh COVID-19 positive cases in A.P. linked to TN's Koyembedu market| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/20-out-of-33-fresh-cases-have-koyembedu-link/article31563863.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020| last1=Boda| first1=Tharun}}</ref>

'''Himachal Pradesh:''' 4 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=4 new coronavirus cases reported in Himachal Pradesh as of 8:00 am – May 12| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/4-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-himachal-pradesh-as-of-8-00-am-may-12-11589256263876.html|website=livemint| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 716 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 716 fresh cases in last 24 hrs, Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count surges to 8,718| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-716-fresh-cases-in-last-24-hrs-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-surges-to-8-718-11589294174876.html|website=livemint| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmir:''' 55 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Jammu & Kashmir sees 55 new COVID-19 cases, infection tally stands at 934| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/jammu--kashmir-sees-55-new-covid19-cases-infection-tally-stands-at-934/1832325|website=outlookindia| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː'''37 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One more dies of coronavirus as 37 fresh cases surface in Punjab| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/one-more-dies-of-coronavirus-as-37-fresh-cases-surface-in-punjab/1832275|website=outlookindia| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengalː'''37 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Eight more die of Covid-19 in West Bengal, 110 fresh cases| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/eight-more-die-of-covid-19-in-west-bengal-110-fresh-cases-reported/articleshow/75697703.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 46 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Mumbai: Dharavi Covid-19 case count climbs by 46 to 962;death toll 31| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-dharavi-covid-19-case-count-climbs-by-46-to-962death-toll-31/articleshow/75698694.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Biharː''' 34 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=बिहार में 800 के पार पहुंचा कोरोना संक्रमितों का ग्राफ, एक साथ मिले 34 नए मरीज| url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/with-34-new-cases-toll-of-corona-positive-in-bihar-crosses-800-mark/680198|website=zeenews.india| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhiː''' 406 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 406 fresh cases, 13 deaths reported in Delhi| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/coronavirus-13-deaths-reported-in-delhi-in-24-hours/article31563911.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 12 May 2020|access-date= 12 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 138 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Four deaths, 138 fresh virus cases in Rajasthan; total count 4,126|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/four-deaths-138-fresh-virus-cases-in-rajasthan-total-count-4126/1832562|date=12 May 2020|website=Outlook India|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>

===13 May===
122 deaths & 3525 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3,525 new coronavirus cases and 122 deaths in past 24 hours; India's COVID-19 tally reaches 74,281| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/3525-new-coronavirus-cases-and-122-deaths-in-past-24-hours-india-s-covid-19-tally-reaches-74281-2283124.html|website=zeenews| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Chandigarh:''' 2 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 more COVID-19 cases in Chandigarh, tally at 189| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/2-more-covid-19-cases-in-chandigarh-tally-at-18920200513133628/|website=aninews| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 26 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1 death, 26 corona cases raises Karnataka tally to 951| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/1-death-26-corona-cases-raises-karnataka-tally-to-951/1832905|website=outlook India| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 1495 cases& 46 cases were reported from Dharavi in Mumbai.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Mumbai: Dharavi reports 66 new coronavirus positive cases to| url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/coronavirus/news/mumbai-dharavi-reports-66-new-coronavirus-positive-cases-today-total-cases-cross-1000-mark/articleshow/75719342.cms|website=mumbaimirror| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra reports 1,495 new COVID-19 cases and 54 deaths, taking case count to 25,922 and fatalities to 975: Health official.| url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/1049435-maharashtra-reports-1495-new-covid-19-cases-and-54-deaths-taking-case-count-to-25922-and-fatalities-to-975-health-official|website=devdiscourse| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 48 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=One death, 48 fresh COVID-19 positive cases reported from Andhra Pradesh| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-reports-one-death-and-48-fresh-cases/article31572331.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020| last1=Boda| first1=Tharun}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 37 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=37 new coronavirus cases reported in Punjab as of 8:00 am – May 13| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/37-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-punjab-as-of-8-00-am-may-13-11589341397684.html|website=livemint| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 509 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19 count in Tamil Nadu breaches 9,000-mark with 509 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-count-in-tamil-nadu-breaches-9-000-mark-with-509-fresh-cases-11589380012174.html|website=livemint| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 84 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=84 new coronavirus cases reported in Bihar as of 8:00 am – May 13| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/84-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-bihar-as-of-8-00-am-may-13-11589341465938.html|website=livemint| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmir:''' 37 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=J&K reports one fresh COVID death, 37 new cases| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/jk-reports-one-fresh-covid-death-37-new-cases/1833451|website=outlookindia| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 364 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=364 new coronavirus cases in Gujarat, 29 deaths| url=https://outlookindia.com/newsscroll/364-new-coronavirus-cases-in-gujarat-29-deaths/1833453|website=outlookindia| date= 13 May 2020|access-date= 13 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 202 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Rajasthan reports highest single-day spike, 202 in one day|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/coronavirus-rajasthan-reports-highest-single-day-spike-201-in-one-day-84335|date=13 May 2020|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>

===14 May===
134 deaths & 3722cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3722 new coronavirus cases and 134 deaths in past 24 hours; India's COVID-19 count reaches 78003| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/3722-new-coronavirus-cases-and-134-deaths-in-past-24-hours-india-s-covid-19-count-reaches-78003-2283386.html|website=zeenews.india| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttarakhand:'''3 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3 more Covid-19 cases in Uttarakhand, state tally reaches 75| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/3-more-covid-19-cases-in-uttarakhand-state-tally-reaches-75/story-nEXWZx0MRzGE7tgW88h9WJ.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 472 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Highest Single-day Spike, Delhi's Covid-19 Cases Jump by 472 to 8,470, Death Toll at 115| url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/in-highest-single-day-spike-delhis-covid-19-cases-jump-by-472-to-8470-death-toll-at-115-2619833.html|website=news18| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 68 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Andhra Pradesh records 68 Covid-19 cases in 24 hours, mostly migrant or Chennai returnees| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-records-68-covid-19-cases-in-24-hours-mostly-migrant-or-chennai-returnees/story-TkQiaTUsbXCEDdsIIyl44O.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 22 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 tracker: 22 new positive cases take the| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-22-new-positive-cases-take-the-tally-to-981/articleshow/75733499.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' In total of 1602 cases, out of which 1001 policeman reported positive in a state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: 1,001 Maharashtra cops test positive so far, 4,899 quarantined| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-1-001-maharashtra-cops-test-positive-so-far-4-899-quarantined-11589453609423.html|website=livemint| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=1,602 new COVID-19 cases take Maha tally to 27,524; 44 die| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/1602-new-covid19-cases-take-maha-tally-to-27524-44-die/1834615|website=outlookindia| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 11 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: With 11 new cases, Punjab's tally rises to 1,935| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/coronavirus-jalandhar-reports-7-new-cases-punjab-tally-rises-to-1-932-84758|website=The Tribune| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmir:''' 12 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=12 new COVID-19 cases in J-K; number rises to 983| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/12-new-covid19-cases-in-jk-number-rises-to-983/1834520|website=outlookindia| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 447 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu Covid-19 count rises to 9,674 with 447 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-covid-19-count-rises-to-9-674-with-447-fresh-cases-11589462011113.html|website=livemint| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 87 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 death toll in West Bengal rises to 148 with 8 more fatalities in last 24 hrs; 87 fresh cases reported: State health bulletin.| url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/1051033-covid-19-death-toll-in-west-bengal-rises-to-148-with-8-more-fatalities-in-last-24-hrs-87-fresh-cases-reported-state-health|website=devdiscourse| date= 14 May 2020|access-date= 14 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 206 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: 206 test positive; four, including two-moth-old boy, die in Rajasthan|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/covid-19-206-test-positive-four-including-two-moth-old-boy-die-in-rajasthan-84803|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>

===15 May===
100 deaths & 3997 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=100 Coronavirus Deaths in India in 24 Hours, 3,967 New Cases|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-100-deaths-in-india-in-24-hours-3-967-cases-over-81-900-total-cases-so-far-2229092|website=ndtv.com|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Rajasthan:''' 213 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan reports 213 new COVID-19 cases, total count spikes to 4,747|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajasthan-reports-213-new-covid-19-cases-total-count-spikes-to-474720200515222401/|website=ANI News|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 57 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Andhra: 57 new COVID-19 cases; Kurnool tally reaches 599. Check district-wise list| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-cases-in-andhra-pradesh-covid-19-death-toll-district-wise-tally-617392|website=indiatv| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' 43 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: 4 new deaths, 43 fresh infections in UP, tally nears 4,000| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/covid-19-4-new-deaths-43-fresh-infections-in-up-tally-nears-4-000/story-ZZpLb5ZP9wBwcUo5YCiaDN.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 16 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=16 more Covid cases in Kerala, 80 under treatment| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/16-more-covid-cases-in-kerala-80-under-treatment/1835549|website=outlookindia| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

''' Karnatakaː''' 69 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: Karnataka crosses 1000 mark with 69 new positive| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/others/covid-19-karnataka-crosses-1000-mark-with-45-new-positive-cases/articleshow/75753654.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jharkhandː''' 2 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Jharkhand reports 2 fresh COVID-19 cases, state tally at 205| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/jharkhand-reports-2-fresh-covid-19-cases-state-tally-at-20520200515182103/|website=aninews| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 1576 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra's Covid-19 count breaches 29,000-mark with 1,576 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/coronavirus-update-maharashtra-s-covid-19-count-breaches-29-000-mark-with-1-576-fresh-cases-11589555236243.html|website=livemint| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengalː''' 84 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=10 more die of COVID-19 in Bengal; 84 fresh cases reported| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/10-more-die-of-covid19-in-bengal-84-fresh-cases-reported/1835713|website=outlookindia| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 13 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: Jalandhar doc, 13 others test positive, Punjab tally 1,997| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/covid-19-jalandhar-doc-13-others-test-positive-punjab-tally-1-997/story-3e6MkISoTZOncokC14u5yN.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 15 May 2020|access-date= 15 May 2020}}</ref>

===16 May===
100 deaths & 3970 cases were reported.<ref>{{cite news|title=103 Deaths, 3,970 New COVID-19 Cases in India in Last 24 Hours|newspaper=livemint|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-103-deaths-3970-new-covid-19-cases-in-india-in-last-24-hours/352882|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

Punjab government announced for extension of lockdown until 31 May.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lockdown in Punjab extended till May 31; limited public transport likely to resume|newspaper=livemint|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/punjab-lockdown-extended-may-31-limited-public-transport-amarinder-singh-617814|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 438 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus India lockdown Day 53 live updates | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-coronavirus-lockdown-may-16-2020-live-updates/article31598833.ece|newspaper=the hindu| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 46 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= 46 new COVID-19 cases reported in Bihar, total tally at 1,079| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/46-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-bihar-total-tally-at-107920200516135324/|website=aninews| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 447 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= 447 new coronavirus cases reported in Tamil Nadu as of 8:00 am| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/447-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-tamil-nadu-as-of-8-00-am-may-15-11589513632177.html|website=livemint| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 87 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= COVID-19: 11 more test positive in Kerala, active cases now 87| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-11-more-test-positive-in-kerala-active-cases-now-87/1836514|website=livemint| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 36 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= India coronavirus, COVID-19 live updates, May 16: Karnataka reports 36 fresh cases in a day, total mounts to 1,092| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/india-coronavirus-covid-19-live-updates-may-16-karnataka-reports-36-fresh-cases-in-a-day-total-mounts-to-1092-2283869|website=zeenews.india| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 115 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= 7 more COVID-19 fatalities push West Bengal death toll to 160| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/7-more-covid-19-fatalities-push-west-bengal-death-toll-to-160/articleshow/75776507.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 102 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=102 new coronavirus cases reported in Andhra Pradesh as of 8:00 am – May 16| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/102-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh-as-of-8-00-am-may-16-11589602007697.html|website=livemint| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttar Pradesh:''' 155 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=155 new coronavirus cases reported in UP as of 8:00 am – May 16| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/155-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-up-as-of-8-00-am-may-16-11589602066544.html|website=livemint| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 884 cases were reported in the Mumbai city.

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 108 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= J-K sees its highest one-day spike of 108 cases, COVID-19 tally now 1,121| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/jk-sees-its-highest-oneday-spike-of-108-cases-covid19-tally-now-1121/1836650|website=outlookindia| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujaratː'''1057 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title= Gujarat COVID-19 cases cross 10,000-mark with 1057 new cases| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gujarat-covid19-cases-cross-10000mark-with-1057-new-cases/1836687|website=outlookindia| date= 16 May 2020|access-date= 16 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 213 cases from which 119 were inmates from District Jail, [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One dies of coronavirus as infection count rises to 4,960 in Rajasthan|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/one-dies-of-coronavirus-as-infection-count-rises-to-4960-in-rajasthan/1836831|website=Outlook India|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref>

===17 May===
120 deaths & 4987 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India Records 120 Deaths, 4,987 New COVID-19 Cases, Sharpest Spike in 24 Hours| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-india-records-120-deaths-4987-new-covid-19-cases-sharpest-spike-in-24-hours/352948|website=livemintoutlookindia| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

Maharashtra, Mizoram & Tamil Nadu government extended the lockdown until 31 May.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Maharashtra govt extends lockdown till May 31 as cases cross 30,000-mark| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-pandemic-maharashtra-government-extends-lockdown-cases-cross-1678936-2020-05-17|website=India Today| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu Extends Lockdown Till May 31, Easing Of Curbs in 25 Districts| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-lockdown-tamil-nadu-extends-coronavirus-lockdown-to-may-31-state-has-third-highest-number-of-cases-in-india-2230267|website=ndtv| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Mizoram extends lockdown till May 31 to check spread of virus| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mizoram-extends-lockdown-till-may-31-check-spread-of-virus-1678551-2020-05-15|website=India Today| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref> But later NDMA extended the lockdown until 31 May in all Indian states.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus lockdown extended till 31 May, says NDMA| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-lockdown-4-0-coronavirus-lockdown-extended-till-31-may-says-ndma-11589715203633.html|website=livemint| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 25 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Andhra: 25 new COVID-19 cases; Kurnool tally reaches 611. Check district-wise list| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/coronavirus-andhra-covid-19-death-toll-district-wise-tally-617964|website=indiatvnews| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 54 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus {{!}} One more death, 54 new cases in Karnataka A view of the deserted New Airport road, Bengaluru, during the COVID -19 crises| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/coronavirus-one-more-death-54-new-cases-in-karnataka/article31606639.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 639 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 639 fresh Covid-19 cases, Tamil Nadu's count crosses 11,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-639-fresh-covid-19-cases-tamil-nadu-s-count-crosses-11-000-mark-11589720679635.html|website=livemint| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 18 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Two deaths, 18 fresh cases in Punjab| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/two-deaths-18-fresh-cases-in-punjab/story-wgMp3jYXK05oUMvA7onChI.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 58 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=बिहार: अब तक का सबसे बड़ा अपडेट, 58 नए केस के साथ 1251 पर पहुंचा संक्रमितों का ग्राफ| url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/toll-of-corona-positive-cases-in-bihar-goes-upto-1251-with-56-new-cases-in-patna/682689|website=zeenews.india| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 14 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: Kerala reports 14 fresh cases; tally rises to 601| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-kerala-reports-14-fresh-cases-tally-rises-to-601/1837430|website=outlookindia| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Himachal Pradesh:''' 2 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2 new coronavirus cases reported in Himachal Pradesh as of 8:00 am – May 17| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/2-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-himachal-pradesh-as-of-8-00-am-may-17-11589687464011.html|website=livemint| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2347 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-tally-33053-after-highest-daily-spike-of-2347-cases/articleshow/75792186.cms|title=Maharashtra tally 33053 after highest daily spike of 2347 cases|work=The Times of India|date=17 May 2020 |agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 62 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=62 more test COVID-19 positive in J-K, total cases now 1,183| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/62-more-test-covid19-positive-in-jk-total-cases-now-1183/1837539|website=outlookindia| date= 17 May 2020|access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 242 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/rajasthan-records-highest-single-day-spike-of-242-covid-19-cases/story-7AgqjNH90cxMLgUrw1sDiJ.html|title=Rajasthan records highest single-day spike of 242 Covid-19 cases|last1=Goswami|first1=Rakesh|date=17 May 2020|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>

===18 May===
157 deaths & 5242 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 Update: भारत में कोरोना मामलों में सबसे बड़ी वृद्धि, 24 घंटों में 5242 नए केस और 157 की मौत| url=https://www.jagran.com/news/national-cornavirus-in-india-highest-ever-spike-of-5242-covid19-cases-in-last-24-hrs-and-157-death-reported-20281257.html|website=jagran| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttarakhand:''' 1 case was reported in the state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 Update: उत्तराखंड में एक और पॉजिटिव केस, संक्रमितों का आंकड़ा पहुंचा 93| url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttarakhand/dehradun-coronavirus-update-one-new-patients-take-uttarakhand-figure-to-93-nodvkj-3125530.html|website=Hindi.news18| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 37 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in India LIVE: With 37 new cases, COVID-19 tally in Bihar mounts to 1,363| url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-coronavirus-in-india-live-with-37-new-cases-covid-19-tally-in-bihar-mounts-to-1363-2825139|website=Daily News and Analysis| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Himachal Pradesh:''' 5 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=5 more test COVID-19 positive in Himachal Pradesh, total cases rise to 86| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/18/5-more-test-covid-19-positive-in-himachal-pradesh-total-cases-rise-to-86-2144956.html|website=The New Indian Express| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 99 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka sees biggest single-day spike with 99 Covid-19 case| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-records-84-new-covid-19-positive-cases-tally-rises-to-1231/articleshow/75801705.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 29 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in Kerala: 21 overseas returnees among 29 fresh COVID-19 cases| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/coronavirus-in-kerala-21-overseas-returnees-among-29-fresh-covid-19-cases/1963033/|website=The Financial Express| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Assam:''' 2 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Assam reports 2 more cases, state's tally surges to 102| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-assam-reports-more-cases-state-tally-surges-1679213-2020-05-18|website=India Today| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 536 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=536 more COVID-19 cases in Tamil Nadu, death toll rises to 81| url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2020/05/18183129/1230847/536-more-COVID19-cases-in-Tamil-Nadu-death-toll-rises-.vpf|website=dtnext| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 16 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Punjab reports two deaths, 16 new cases| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/coronavirus-punjab-reports-two-deaths-16-new-cases-86466|website=The Tribune| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 299 cases& taking the total tally in the state to 10000 mark.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 299 fresh cases, Delhi's Covid-19 tally crosses 10,000 mark; 160 deaths| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-299-fresh-cases-delhi-s-covid-19-tally-crosses-10-000-mark-160-deaths-11589784275460.html|website=livemint| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujaratː''' 366 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Gujarat COVID-19 cases up by 366 to 11,746; 35 more die| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/gujarat-covid-19-cases-up-by-366-to-11746-35-more-die/articleshow/75810442.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Odishaː''' 48 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=48 new COVID-19 cases in Odisha; tally 876| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/48-new-covid-19-cases-in-odisha-tally-876/articleshow/75805519.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 18 May 2020|access-date= 18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthanː''' 305 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan's COVID-19 count rises to 5,507|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajasthans-covid-19-count-rises-to-550720200518224115/|website=ANI News|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2033 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2,033 New Covid-19 Cases Take Maharashtra Tally to 35,058|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/2033-new-covid-19-cases-take-maharashtra-tally-to-35058-2626217.html|date=18 May 2020|website=News18|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref>

===19 May===
134 deaths & 4970 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With Jump Of 4,970 Cases, COVID-19 Tally Crosses 1,00,000 In India, Deaths Near 3,200| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-with-jump-of-4970-cases-covid-19-tally-crosses-100000-in-india-deaths-near-3200/353067|website=outlookindia| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

The total tally of cases crosses 100,000 mark.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Mint Covid Tracker: India crosses 100,000 mark – 67% cases reported in May alone| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-crosses-100-000-mark-67-cases-reported-in-may-alone-11589865325882.html|website=livemint| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Karnataka:''' 127 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: Karnataka records highest daily spike with 127 cases and three deaths| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/may/19/covid-19-karnataka-records-highest-daily-spike-with-127-cases-and-three-deaths-2145333.html|website=newsindianexpress| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 57 cases<ref>{{cite news |title=Two deaths, 57 new cases reported in Andhra Pradesh Benz circle in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/two-deaths-57-new-cases-reported-in-andhra-pradesh/article31621827.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020| last1=Boda| first1=Tharun}}</ref>

'''Chhattisgarh :''' 57 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=7 new coronavirus cases reported in Chhattisgarh as of 8:00 am – May 19| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/7-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-chhattisgarh-as-of-8-00-am-may-19-11589858621058.html|website=livemint| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Himachal Pradesh:''' 10 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=10 fresh Covid-19 cases in Himachal Pradesh, highest in day| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/10-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-himachal-pradesh-highest-in-day/articleshow/75826252.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 12 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=12 fresh COVID-19 cases in Kerala, total rises to 642| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/12-fresh-covid19-cases-in-kerala-total-rises-to-642/1839554|website=outlookindia| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 53 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus in India LIVE: 53 more COVID-19 cases in Bihar, tally reaches 1495| url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-coronavirus-in-india-live-53-more-covid-19-cases-in-bihar-tally-reaches-1495-2825268|website=Daily News and Analysis| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttarakhand:''' 8 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=8 more test COVID-19 positive, cases cross 100-mark in U'khand| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/8-more-test-covid19-positive-cases-cross-100mark-in-ukhand/1839412|website=outlookindia| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Assam:''' 13 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Assam reports six fresh Covid-19 cases, state tally reaches 141| url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-reports-six-fresh-covid-19-cases-state-tally-reaches-141.html|website=nenow| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 395 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Gujarat COVID-19 cases up by 395 to 12,141; 25 more die| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/gujarat-covid-19-cases-up-by-395-to-12141-25-more-die/articleshow/75831021.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 601 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=601 new Covid-19 cases found in Tamil Nadu, including 37 foreign returnees| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/601-new-covid-19-cases-found-in-tamil-nadu-including-37-foreign-returnees-11589897420891.html|website=livemint| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 28 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=28 people test positive for COVID-19 in J-K; total climbs to 1,317| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/28-people-test-positive-for-covid19-in-jk-total-climbs-to-1317/1839760|website=outlookindia| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengalː''' 136 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=West Bengal Covid-19 tally jumps to 2,961 with 136 fresh cases| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/west-bengal-covid-19-tally-jumps-to-2-961-with-136-fresh-cases/story-2qFPeLGirdfBPuZLJ2pyNP.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjabː''' 22 cases& taking the total tally in state to 2000 mark.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=22 new cases take Punjab's coronavirus tally past 2,000| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/22-new-cases-take-punjabs-coronavirus-tally-past-2-000-86991|website=The Tribune| date= 19 May 2020|access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthanː''' 338 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan's COVID-19 cases rise to 5,845 with 338 new cases|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajasthans-covid-19-cases-rise-to-5845-with-338-new-cases20200519225606/|website=ANI News|access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2127 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharshtra Covid-19 tally at 37,136 with 2,127 new cases; 76 deaths|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/maharshtra-covid-19-tally-at-37-136-with-2-127-new-cases-76-deaths/story-gBIg8aiDr9ZzUzG6uRPdcN.html|date=19 May 2020|website=Hindustan Times|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>

===20 May===
140 deaths & 5611 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Fresh 5,611 COVID-19 Cases, 140 Deaths in India, Sharpest 24-hour Spike| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-fresh-5611-covid-19-cases-140-deaths-in-india-sharpest-24-hour-spike/353138|website=outlookindia| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 534 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Delhi records biggest one-day jump with 534 new cases, toll rises to 176| url=https://scroll.in/latest/962418/coronavirus-donald-trump-defends-use-of-hcq-even-as-toll-in-us-crosses-90000|website=scroll.in| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttarakhand:''' 18 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=18 new coronavirus cases reported in Uttarakhand as of 8:00 am – May 20| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/18-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-uttarakhand-as-of-8-00-am-may-20-11589945310330.html|website=livemint| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 67 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 Tracker: 67 new cases reported on Wednesd| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-63-new-cases-reported-on-wednesday-21-from-hassan-itself/articleshow/75842710.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 24 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=24 new COVID-19 cases in Kerala; CM Pinarayi Vijayan admits| url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/coronavirus/news/24-new-covid-19-cases-in-kerala-cm-pinarayi-vijayan-admits-situation-is-critical/articleshow/75849565.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 398 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=398 cases| url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2020/05/20/gujarat-covid19-case-total-12539-new-398-cases-176-discharged-in-24-hours/|website=deshgujarat| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Assam:''' 13 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Assam registers 13 new COVID19 positive cases, state count rises to 170| url=https://nenow.in/health/assam-registers-13-new-covid19-positive-cases-state-count-rises-to-170.html|website=nenow.in| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 3 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=3 more test COVID-19 positive in Punjab; tally rises to 2,005| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/3-more-test-covid19-positive-in-punjab-tally-rises-to-2005/1840893|website=outlookindia| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 743 cases& total tally of cases in a state crosses 13,000-mark.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count crosses 13,000-mark with 743 fresh cases in 24 hours| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-crosses-13-000-mark-with-743-fresh-cases-in-24-hours-11589981864796.html|website=livemint| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 142 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=West Bengal records 3 more COVID-19 deaths, death toll rises to 181| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/west-bengal-records-3-more-covid19-deaths-death-toll-rises-to-181/1840943|website=outlookindia| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 2250 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 2,250 fresh cases, Maharashtra's Covid-19 count breaches 39,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-2-250-fresh-cases-maharashtra-s-covid-19-count-breaches-39-000-mark-11589986841789.html|website=livemint| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 73 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=73 new COVID-19 cases detected in JK; total number of cases reaches 1,390| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/73-new-covid-19-cases-detected-in-jk-total-number-of-cases-reaches-1390/articleshow/75852060.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 20 May 2020|access-date= 20 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Haryana:''' 29 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=29 new coronavirus cases reported in Haryana as of 8:00 am – May 21|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/36-new-coronavirus-cases-reported-in-haryana-as-of-8-00-am-may-20-11589945322965.html|date=20 May 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jharkhand:''' 33 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=33 fresh cases in Jharkhand all migrants |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/33-fresh-cases-in-jharkhand-all-migrants/articleshow/75855336.cms|last1=P|first1=Gaurav|date=21 May 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 170 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan reports four coronavirus deaths, 170 new cases|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/rajasthan-reports-four-coronavirus-deaths-170-new-cases-87507|last1=Service|first1=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

===21 May===
132 deaths & 5609 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=5609 new coronavirus cases and 132 deaths in past 24 hours; India's COVID-19 tally reaches 112359| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/5609-new-coronavirus-cases-and-132-deaths-in-past-24-hours-india-s-covid-19-tally-reaches-112359-2285152.html|website=zeenews.india| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttrakhand:''' 10 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Uttarakhand: 10 more test COVID positive, tally now 132| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/uttarakhand-10-more-test-covid-positive-tally-now-132/articleshow/75866027.cms|website=business Insder| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 96 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Bihar reports 96 new coronavirus positive cases; state tally at 1,675| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/bihar-coronavirus-new-positive-cases-covid-19-619081|website=indiatvnews| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 776 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus news live updates: With 776 new COVID-19 cases in Tamil Nadu; India's tally tops 1.14 lakh| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/coronavirus-in-india-news-live-updates-total-cases-deaths-covid-19-tracker-today-worldometer-update-lockdown-40-latest-news-838583.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 23 cases

'''Karnataka:''' 143 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 Tracker: 143 new cases reported on Thursd| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-116-new-cases-reported-on-thursday-seven-from-bengaluru/articleshow/75863180.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 571 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 571 new Covid-19 cases in 24 hours, Delhi sees biggest single-day spike; tally at 11,659| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/with-571-new-covid-19-cases-in-24-hours-delhi-sees-biggest-single-day-spike-tally-at-11-659/story-1nZMYJtSdcpsTkvGGJeryK.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 371 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=371 new coronavirus cases detected in Gujarat; 24 more die| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/371-new-coronavirus-cases-detected-in-gujarat-24-more-die/1842048|website=outlookindia| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 2345 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maha coronavirus tally crosses 40,000-mark, 64 new deaths| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maha-coronavirus-tally-crosses-40000mark-64-new-deaths/1842040|website=outlookindia| date= 21 May 2020|access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 212 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan's COVID-19 count rises to 6,227|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajasthans-covid-19-count-rises-to-622720200521231444/|website=ANI News|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>

===22 May===
148 deaths & 6088 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India records biggest single-day spike of 6,088 COVID-19 cases; death toll mounts to 3,583| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/india-records-biggest-single-day-spike-of-6088-covid-19-cases-death-toll-mounts-to-3583/articleshow/75883873.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttrakhand:''' 5 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=5 new COVID-19 cases in Uttarakhand; state tally rises to 151| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-uttarakhand-state-tally-rises-to-15120200522154932/|website=aninews| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Chhattisgarh:''' 16 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Chhattisgarh records 16 fresh COVID-19 cases; tally reaches 148| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/chhattisgarh-records-16-fresh-covid-19-cases-tally-reaches-148/article31648832.ece|website=The Hindu| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 786 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count crosses 14,000-mark with 786 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-crosses-14-000-mark-with-786-fresh-cases-11590151627834.html|website=livemint| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Assam:''' 12 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=12 new corona cases recorded in Assam from Tezpur, Jorhat and Silchar on May 22| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/12-new-covid-19-cases-in-assam-tally-rises-to-222/articleshow/75893069.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Bihar:''' 118 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=118 new COVID-19 cases reported in Bihar| url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/118-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-bihar20200522185244/|website=aninews| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 42 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Biggest one-day COVID-19 spike in Kerala, 42 new positive cases on Friday| url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2020/05/22/covid-cases-kerala-daily-update.html|website=english.manoramaonline.com| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 138 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 Tracker: 138 new cases reported on Friday| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-105-new-cases-reported-on-friday-tally-climbs-to-1710/articleshow/75887742.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 363 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Gujarat: COVID-19 tally rises to 13,273; deaths cross 800-mark| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gujarat-covid19-tally-rises-to-13273-deaths-cross-800mark/1843168|website=outlookindia| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 2940 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra's COVID-19 tally reaches 44,582; highest daily spike of 2,940 cases| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/22/maharashtras-covid-19-tally-reaches-44582-highest-daily-spike-of-2940-cases-2146753.html|website=The New Indian Express| date= 22 May 2020|access-date= 22 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan''': 267 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan reports 267 new COVID-19 cases|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajasthan-reports-267-new-covid-19-cases20200522225052/|website=ANI News|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

===23 May===
137 deaths & 6654 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India's COVID-19 tally nears 1.3 lakh; nearly 94k new cases since May 1| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/record-6-654-covid-cases-in-india-in-last-24-hours-137-more-deaths-88862|website=The Tribune| date= 23 May 2020|access-date= 23 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Delhi:''' 591 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=591 new coronavirus cases in Delhi in 24 hours Heavy traffic seen at a traffic intersection in Old Delhi area during a nationwide lockdown against coronavirus| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/591-new-coronavirus-cases-in-delhi-in-24-hours/article31657213.ece|website=The Hindu| date= 23 May 2020|access-date= 23 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Assam:''' 53 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Sarusajai Quarantine Centre Turning into Hotbed of COVID-19, 53 New Cases Detected in Assam| url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/sarusajai-quarantine-centre-turning-into-hotbed-of-covid-19-53-new-cases-detected-in-assam|website=guwahatiplus| date= 23 May 2020|access-date= 23 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 710 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=5 deaths, 710 new COVID-19 cases reported in Tamil Nadu on Saturday | url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/5-deaths-710-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-tamil-nadu-on-saturday20200523183942/|website=aninews| date= 23 May 2020|access-date= 23 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 262 cases

'''Punjab:''' 16 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=6 more RPF men test coronavirus positive in Ludhiana | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/6-more-rpf-men-test-coronavirus-positive-in-ludhiana-88898|website=The Tribune| date= 23 May 2020|access-date= 23 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 2608 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 2,608 new cases, Maharashtra's Covid-19 count crosses 47,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-2-608-new-cases-maharashtra-s-covid-19-count-crosses-47-000-mark-11590243871726.html|website=livemint| date= 23 May 2020|access-date= 23 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 248 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Month-old girl among 7 new Covid deaths in Rajasthan|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/month-old-girl-among-7-new-covid-deaths-in-rajasthan-88971|date=23 May 2020|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref>

===24 May===
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttrakhand:''' 53 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=कोरोना: उत्तराखंड में मिले रिकॉर्ड 53 मरीज, कुल संक्रमितों की संख्या 300 के करीब| url=https://m.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/story-53-new-covid19-positive-cases-reported-in-uttarakhand-total-number-of-positive-cases-in-state-rises-to-298-with-3-deaths-3235342.html|website=livehindustan| date= 24 May 2020|access-date= 24 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Haryana:''' 21 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: Haryana reports 21 new cases; state tally rises to 1,152| url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/coronavirus-haryana-reports-21-new-cases-state-tally-rises-to-1-152-89276|website=The Tribune| date= 24 May 2020|access-date= 24 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 765 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count crosses 16,000-mark with 765 fresh cases| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-crosses-16-000-mark-with-765-fresh-cases-11590324444320.html|website=livemint| date= 24 May 2020|access-date= 24 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Assam:''' 4 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Assam: With 4 fresh cases, state's coronavirus infection tally rises to 350| url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-with-4-fresh-cases-state-s-coronavirus-infection-tally-rises-to-350-1681324-2020-05-24|website=India Today| date= 24 May 2020|access-date= 24 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 3041 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra Covid-19 tally 50,231; highest daily spike of 3,041 cases| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/maharashtra-covid-19-tally-50-231-highest-daily-spike-of-3-041-cases/story-AibTLLYaOzFtIektPlrDFL.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 24 May 2020|access-date= 24 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 286 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Three die of Covid, 286 new cases in Rajasthan|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/three-die-of-covid-286-new-cases-in-rajasthan-89419|date=24 May 2020|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>

===25 May===
154 deaths & 6977 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus outbreak: Highest ever spike of 6,977 cases & 154 deaths in India in the last 24 hours| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/times-now/india/coronavirus-outbreak-highest-ever-spike-of-6977-cases-154-deaths-in-india-in-the-last-24-hours/61995|website=timesnownews| date= 25 May 2020|access-date= 25 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttarakhand:''' 25 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Uttarakhand reports 15 new Covid-19 positive cases, overall tally rises to 332| url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uttarakhand-reports-15-new-covid-19-positive-cases-overall-tally-rises-to-332/story-csBR72nfEOwbhiktYvwZjI.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 25 May 2020|access-date= 25 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 69 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 Tracker: 69 new cases reported on Monday;| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-69-new-cases-reported-on-monday-state-tally-climbs-to-2158/articleshow/75968969.cms| date= 25 May 2020|access-date= 25 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 805 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19 outbreak: 805 new cases take Tamil Nadu's tally to 17,082| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-outbreak-805-new-cases-take-tamil-nadus-tally-to-17082/videoshow/75979572.cms|website=The Economic Times| date= 25 May 2020|access-date= 25 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 21 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab reports 21 new Covid-19 cases, state tally reaches 2| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/punjab-reports-21-new-covid-19-cases-state-tally-reaches-2081/articleshow/75978209.cms|website=The Times of India| date= 25 May 2020|access-date= 25 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Gujarat:''' 405 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=405 COVID-19 cases take Gujarat tally to 14,468; 30 more die| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/405-covid19-cases-take-gujarat-tally-to-14468-30-more-die/1845720|website=outlookindia| date= 25 May 2020|access-date= 25 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 2436 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Maharashtra Covid-19 Cases Spike by 2,436 to 52,667; 60 More Die|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/maharashtra-covid-19-cases-spike-by-2436-to-52667-60-more-die-2636981.html|date=25 May 2020|website=News18|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 635 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Delhi reports 635 new Covid-19 cases, total tally crosses 14,000| url=https://theprint.in/economy/delhi-reports-635-new-covid-19-cases-total-tally-crosses-14000/428948/|website=theprint| date= 25 May 2020|access-date= 25 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 272 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 cases touch 7,300-mark in Rajasthan; four deaths reported|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/covid-19-cases-touch-7-300-mark-in-rajasthan-four-deaths-reported-89766|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>

===26 May===
146 deaths & 6535 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=146 Deaths, 6535 New Coronavirus Cases In India In Last 24 Hours| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-146-deaths-6535-new-coronavirus-cases-in-india-in-last-24-hours/353499|website=outlookindia| date= 26 May 2020|access-date= 26 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Kerala:''' 67 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=67 fresh cases in Kerala, over 1 lakh people under observation| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/67-fresh-cases-in-kerala-over-1-lakh-people-under-observation/articleshow/76006740.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 26 May 2020|access-date= 26 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttarakhand:''' 51 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=51 fresh COVID-19 cases in U'khand; tally rises to 400| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/51-fresh-covid-19-cases-in-ukhand-tally-rises-to-400/articleshow/76004069.cms|website=business Insder| date= 26 May 2020|access-date= 26 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Punjab:''' 25 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Punjab reports 25 new cases, state tally now 2,106| url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/punjab-reports-21-new-cases-state-tally-now-2-106-90186|website=The Tribune| date= 26 May 2020|access-date= 26 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 646 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Tamil Nadu Covid-19 count rises to 17,728 with 646 new cases, death toll at 127| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-covid-19-count-rises-to-17-728-with-646-new-cases-death-toll-at-127-11590498971809.html|website=livemint| date= 26 May 2020|access-date= 26 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 193 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 tally breaches 4,000-mark in Bengal with 193 new cases| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-tally-breaches-4000-mark-in-bengal-with-193-new-cases/articleshow/76006744.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 26 May 2020|access-date= 26 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 2091 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2,091 coronavirus cases in Maharashtra, 97 deaths| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/2091-coronavirus-cases-in-maharashtra-97-deaths/articleshow/76010356.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 26 May 2020|access-date= 26 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 236 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With 236 fresh cases, Rajasthan's Covid-19 count rises to 7,536|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-236-fresh-cases-rajasthan-s-covid-19-count-rises-to-7-536-11590509979873.html|date=26 May 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

===27 May===
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Assam:''' 18 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Assam: With 18 new COVID-19 cases, state tally rises to 704| url=https://www.insidene.com/assam-with-18-new-covid-19-cases-state-tally-rises-to-704/|website=insidene| date= 27 May 2020|access-date= 27 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Uttarakhand:''' 38 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Uttarakhand reports 38 new COVID-19 cases, state tally up to 438| url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/265240946/uttarakhand-reports-38-new-covid-19-cases-state-tally-up-to-438|website=bignewsnetwork| date= 27 May 2020|access-date= 27 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 817 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=With record 817 fresh cases, Tamil Nadu's Covid-19 count crosses 18,000-mark| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/with-record-817-fresh-cases-tamil-nadu-s-covid-19-count-crosses-18-000-mark-11590584252707.html|website=livemint| date= 27 May 2020|access-date= 27 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:'''122 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: One death in Karnataka, 122 new cases confirmed| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-one-death-in-karnataka-122-new-cases-confirmed/1847264|website=outlookindia| date= 27 May 2020|access-date= 27 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 68 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Andhra's corona tally now 2,787 with 68 new cases| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/andhras-corona-tally-now-2787-with-68-new-cases/1847243|website=outlookindia| date= 27 May 2020|access-date= 27 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtra:''' 2190 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: Maharashtra sees 2,190 fresh cases, record 105 deaths in last 24 hours| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-maharashtra-sees-2-190-fresh-cases-record-107-deaths-in-last-24-hours-11590593336298.html|website=livemint| date= 27 May 2020|access-date= 27 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 280 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=280 new COVID-19 cases in Rajasthan, total count spikes to 7,816|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/280-new-covid-19-cases-in-rajasthan-total-count-spikes-to-781620200527223804/|website=ANI News|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref>

===28 May===
194 deaths & 6566 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India records 6,566 cases, 194 deaths in 24 hours; second highest death count since May 5| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/india-records-6566-cases-194-deaths-in-24-hours-second-highest-death-count-since-may-5-2286523.html|website=zeenews.india| date= 28 May 2020|access-date= 28 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 54 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: AP reports 54 new cases; tally up to 2,841| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/covid-19-ap-reports-54-new-cases-tally-up-to-2841/article31693477.ece|website=Business Line| date= 28 May 2020|access-date= 28 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Odisha:''' 67 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Odisha's COVID-19 tally swells as 65 out of 67 positive cases are migrant workers| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/odisha-reports-67-new-covid-19-cases-total-rises-to-1660/articleshow/76062751.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 28 May 2020|access-date= 28 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 344 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=West Bengal records biggest single-day coronavirus spike; reports 344 cases in 24 hours| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/west-bengal-records-biggest-single-day-coronavirus-spike-reports-344-cases-in-24-hours-842889.html|website=Deccan Herald| date= 28 May 2020|access-date= 28 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 827 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=TN hits 827 fresh coronavirus cases, death tally reaches 145| url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2020/05/28183208/1232775/TN-hits-827-fresh-coronavirus-cases-death-tally-reaches-.vpf|website=dtnext| date= 28 May 2020|access-date= 28 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 115 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Karnataka COVID-19 Tracker: State reports 115 fresh positive| url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/karnataka-covid-19-tracker-state-reports-75-fresh-positive-cases-46-are-maharashtra-returnees/articleshow/76063722.cms|website=bangaloremirror| date= 28 May 2020|access-date= 28 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 251 cases{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

===29 May===
265 deaths & 7964 cases were reported.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19: India records highest single-day spike of 265 deaths, 7,964 cases| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-india-records-highest-single-day-spike-of-265-deaths-7964-cases/articleshow/76102949.cms|website=The Economic Times| date= 29 May 2020|access-date= 29 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttarakhand:''' 102 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 cases rise to 602 in U'khand| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-rise-to-602-in-ukhand/1849697|website=outlookindia| date= 29 May 2020|access-date= 29 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 248 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Covid-19: Karnataka records 178 new cases till noon| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-karnataka-records-178-new-cases-till-noon-11590744379762.html|website=livemint| date= 29 May 2020|access-date= 29 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 874 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=COVID-19 cases breach 20,000 K mark in TN with 874 cases; 9 deaths takes toll to 154| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/covid19-cases-breach-20000-k-mark-in-tn-with-874-cases-9-deaths-takes-toll-to-154/1849967|website=outlookindia| date= 29 May 2020|access-date= 29 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Jammu and Kashmirː''' 128 cases<ref name="outlookindia.com">{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=128 fresh COVID-19 cases in J-K; number rises to 2,164| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/128-fresh-covid19-cases-in-jk-number-rises-to-2164/1849998|website=outlookindia| date= 29 May 2020|access-date= 29 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2682 cases<ref name="outlookindia.com"/>

'''Rajasthan:''' 298 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Rajasthan reports 4 more Covid-19 deaths; infection tally mounts to 8,365 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajasthan-reports-4-more-covid-19-deaths-infection-tally-mounts-to-8365/articleshow/76098338.cms|date=29 May 2020|website=The Times of India|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref>

===30 May===
Ministry of Home Affairs extended the lockdown until 30 June.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Lockdown 5.0: These 13 cities will see stricter rules, more monitoring| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lockdown-5-0-these-13-cities-will-see-stricter-rules-more-monitoring/story-FNB1TTTIwBqgILlvCbhQUO.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 30 May 2020|access-date= 30 May 2020}}</ref> New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Bihar:''' 150 cases

'''Andhra Pradesh:''' 131 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Andhra reports 131 new Covid-19 cases, including 61 from other states| url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/andhra-reports-131-new-covid-19-cases-including-61-from-other-states-11590831714746.html|website=livemint| date= 30 May 2020|access-date= 30 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Haryana:''' 202 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India coronavirus, COVID-19 live updates, May 30: 202 new cases take Haryana's total to 1923; toll at 20| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/india-coronavirus-covid-19-live-updates-may-30-2286862|website=zeenews| date= 30 May 2020|access-date= 30 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Karnataka:''' 141 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=141 fresh COVID-19 cases reported in Karnataka, count rises to| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/141-fresh-covid19-cases-reported-in-karnataka-count-rises-to/1850912|website=outlookindia| date= 30 May 2020|access-date= 30 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 856 cases

'''Gujaratː''' 412 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Gujarat COVID-19 death toll crosses 1,000-mark, 412 new cases| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/gujarat-covid-19-death-toll-crosses-1000-mark-412-new-cases/articleshow/76110766.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 30 May 2020|access-date= 30 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhiː''' 1163 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Highest spike of 1,163 fresh Covid cases in Delhi takes total to over 18,000| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/highest-spike-of-1-163-fresh-covid-cases-in-delhi-takes-total-to-over-18-000/story-B4dFyWuOgrVY9kuDpmSA0I.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 30 May 2020|access-date= 30 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2940 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=2,940 new coronavirus patients reported in Maharashtra {{sic|alon|gwith|nolink=y|reason=error in source}} 99 deaths on Saturday; case count reaches 65,168 and death toll 2,198: health department.| url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/newsalert/1072445-2940-new-coronavirus-patients-reported-in-maharashtra-alongwith-99-deaths-on-saturday-case-count-reaches-65168-and-death-t|website=devdiscourse| date= 30 May 2020|access-date= 30 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 252 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=252 new COVID-19 cases reported in Rajasthan, total cases rise to 8,617|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/252-new-covid-19-cases-reported-in-rajasthan-total-cases-rise-to-861720200530231326/|website=ANI News|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>

===31 May===
New cases were reported in the states/UTs as following:

'''Uttarakhand:''' 53 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Coronavirus: उत्तराखंड में महिला डॉक्टर समेत 53 मरीजों में कोरोना की पुष्टि, संक्रमितों की संख्या हुई 802| url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/coronavirus-in-uttarakhand-latest-news-today-covid-19-infected-patient-details|website=amarujala| date= 31 May 2020|access-date= 31 May 2020}}</ref>

'''West Bengal:''' 371 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Biggest single-day spike of 371 COVID-19 cases in WB; 8 more die of disease| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/biggest-singleday-spike-of-371-covid19-cases-in-wb-8-more-die-of-disease/1851710|website=outlookindia| date= 31 May 2020|access-date= 31 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Tamil Nadu:''' 1149 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=India coronavirus, COVID-19 live updates, May 31: Record 1149 cases in 24 hrs take Tamil Nadu's total to 22,333; death count at 173| url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/india-coronavirus-covid-19-live-updates-may-31-2287020|website=zeenews.india| date= 31 May 2020|access-date= 31 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Kerala:''' 1149 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=61 new cases in Kerala, COVID-19 tally touches 1,269| url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/61-new-cases-in-kerala-covid-19-tally-touches-1269/articleshow/76121739.cms|website=Business Insider| date= 31 May 2020|access-date= 31 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Delhi:''' 1295 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=Delhi records highest single-day spike of 1,295 Covid-19 cases, tally crosses 19k-mark| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/delhi-records-highest-single-day-spike-of-1-295-covid-19-cases-tally-crosses-19k-mark/story-CafJ3ISVqcoyJLqq8zt3UO.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 31 May 2020|access-date= 31 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Maharashtraː''' 2487 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=LIVE: Maharashtra records 2,487 new Covid-19 cases, state tally at 67,655| url=https://liveupdates.hindustantimes.com/india/coronavirus-india-world-latest-news-covid-19-death-toll-may-31-21590889694437.html|website=Hindustan Times| date= 31 May 2020|access-date= 31 May 2020}}</ref>

'''Rajasthan:''' 214 cases<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web|title=One person dies of coronavirus in Rajasthan, 214 fresh cases reported|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/one-person-dies-of-coronavirus-in-rajasthan-214-fresh-cases-reported/1851856|date=31 May 2020|website=Outlook India|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref>

==June 2020–December 2020==
{{List has been split|[[Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)|June–December 2020]]{{·}}[[Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)|2021]]}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-roman}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
{{Commons category|2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic in India}}
* {{YouTube|playlist=PL1a9DHjZmejE-Ep2PAu2OR8HBfLP0BLIk|title=}} – COVID-19 Management videos by the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]
* {{Cite web|last1=Prasad|first1=R.|url=https://creatives.thehindu.com/covid_19_ebook.pdf|title=The Pandemic Notebook|last2=Perappadan|first2=Bindu Shajan|last3=Shelar|first3=Jyoti|work=The Hindu|year=2020|editor-last=George|editor-first=P.J.|quote=A handy guide from The Hindu on understanding the coronavirus pandemic and staying protected against COVID-19}}

{{#invoke:COVID-19 pandemic|}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January-May 2020)}}
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in India|2020 A]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in India|Coronavirus 2020 A]]
[[Category:Timelines of the COVID-19 pandemic in India|2020 A]]
[[Category:Indian history timelines|Coronavirus 2020 A]]
[[Category:2020 in India|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India 2020 A]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Indian Polo Association

2026-03-19T11:43:25Z

Svetlbwz: cleanup

{{Short description|Governing body for polo in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = Indian Polo Association
|abbrev = IPA
|logo = Indian Polo Association logo.png
|logosize =
|sport = [[Polo]]
|category =
|image =
|caption =
|jurisdiction = [[India]]
|membership = 35 affiliate clubs<ref>{{cite web |title=Polo Clubs In India |url=http://www.ipa.co.in/clubs.asp |website=Indian Polo Association |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722142449/http://ipa.co.in/clubs.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1892}}
|aff = [[Federation of International Polo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Members |url=http://www.fippolo.com/members/ |website=Federation of international Polo |access-date=20 July 2018}}</ref>
|affdate =
|region =
|regionyear =
|headquarters = B Squadron 61 Cavalry, (Cantonment), [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact us |url=http://www.ipa.co.in/contact.htm |website=Indian Polo Association |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720002909/http://www.ipa.co.in/contact.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|president=Gen Manoj Pande
|vicepresident=
| coach=Navjit Singh Sandhu
|secretary=Colonel V S Kahlon, VSM<ref>{{cite web |title=Office Bearers |url=http://www.ipa.co.in/About_ob.htm |website=Indian Polo Association |access-date=20 July 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|countryflag=India
|url=www.ipa.co.in
}}
The '''Indian Polo Association''' ('''IPA''') is the [[governing body]] for [[polo]] in [[India]]. Most of the IPA's major activities are executed by the 61 Cavalry Unit of the [[Indian Army]]. The IPA's registered office is co-located with the 61 Cavalry's B Squadron.

==History==
The IPA was established in 1892. Legally, it is a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit association]] registered under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPA INTRODUCTION |url=http://www.ipa.co.in/Default.html |website=Indian Polo Association |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720014314/http://ipa.co.in/default.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Prominent teams of the pre-World War II period included Alwar, Bhopal, Bikaner, Jaipur, Hyderabad, Patiala, Jodhpur, Kishengarh and Kashmir. The majority of the Cavalry regiments of the British Army and the [[British Indian Army]] also fielded teams, the most prominent amongst them were the Central India Horse (CHI), Prince Albert Victor Own Cavalry (PAVO’s Cav), the Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, the 10th Royal Hussars, the [[15th Lancers]], and the 17/21st Lancers.<ref name="IPA History">{{cite web |title=History of Indian Polo |url=http://www.ipa.co.in/history.htm |website=Indian Polo Association |access-date=20 July 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The outbreak of the second World War and the mechanization of cavalry units resulted in a decline in interest in Indian polo. The IPA invited the Argentine national polo team to visit India in 1950 and play an exhibition games across the country in a bid to revive interest in the sport. The Argentine team participated in tournaments in Jaipur, Delhi and Bombay. The Pakistan Army polo team visited India in 1955. The IPA also revived the Indian Polo Championship in 1956, after a gap of 17 years. The India national polo team participated in the 1957 World Championship in France and won the tournament. These events helped revive interest in polo in the country. Indian polo received another boost after the Indian Army officially adopted polo as a sport granting access to new grounds and stables of horses.<ref name="IPA History"/>

Indian President [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] consented to be the Patron-in-Chief of the IPA, resulting in the introduction of a new trophy called The President's Cup in 1975. The IPA marked its 100th anniversary in 1992.<ref name="IPA History"/>

In the year 1992 the IPA completed 100 years and since then polo is on an upward trend in the country. Today we have 33 Polo Clubs registered with IPA. Polo has been revived at Leh in Jammu and Kashmir, at Udaipur and Jodhpur in Rajasthan, Hyderabad and Bangalore in South India. Polo is now not only the domain of the Army but a number of corporate and industrial houses are supporting teams in the domestic polo circuit.{{fact|date=March 2023}}

The Indian Polo Association has Chief of Army as its President and is the national governing body of Polo in the country. Under the aegis of IPA various tournaments are conducted across all the clubs in India throughout the year.{{fact|date=March 2023}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sports governing bodies in India|Polo]]
[[Category:Polo governing bodies]]
[[Category:1892 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1892]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]

Mona Singh

2026-03-18T15:17:19Z

Svetlbwz: Article updated with improved flow

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{For|the scientist|Mona Singh (scientist)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mona Singh
| image = Mona Singh at the premiere of The Archies (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Singh in 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|10|08}}
| birth_place = [[Chandigarh]], India
| occupation = Actress
| alma_mater =
| years_active = 2003–present
| spouse = {{marriage |Shyam Rajagopalan|2019}}
}}

'''Mona Singh''' ({{IPA|hns|ˈmoːnaː sɪŋɡʱ|pron}}; born 8 October 1981) is an Indian actress who works in [[Hindi]] films and series. Singh is recognised for her role in the soap opera ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' (2003–2006). She is the recipient of two [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Awards]] and one [[Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Award]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mona-singh-celebrates-a-fabulous-39th-birthday-gets-a-surprise-from-hubby-shyam-gopalan/articleshow/78590402.cms|title=Mona Singh celebrates a fabulous 39th birthday; gets a surprise from hubby Shyam Gopalan|work=Times Of India|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>

Singh is known for participating and winning the first season of the reality series ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'', and for playing Mona Chopra in ''[[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada]]'', Preet Singh in ''[[Pyaar Ko Ho Jaane Do]]'', and Paridhi Bundela in ''[[Kavach (TV series)|Kavach... Kaali Shaktiyon Se]]''. She made her film debut with a supporting role in [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s comedy-drama ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009), which ranks as one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian films of all time]]. Singh expanded to web with ''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]'' (2018) and earned praises for ''[[Yeh Meri Family]]'' (2018) and ''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]'' (2023). The latter won her the [[Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Award for Best Supporting Actress]] in a Drama Series.{{citation needed|date=January 2026}}

==Life and family==
Mona Singh was born on 8 October 1981 in a [[Sikh]] family in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/jassi-mona-singh-bags-role-in-3-idiots/article1-343502.aspx |title='Jassi' Mona Singh bags role in 3 Idiots |first=Subhash K. |last=Jha |date=9 October 2008 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=15 June 2014 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020174456/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/jassi-mona-singh-bags-role-in-3-idiots/article1-343502.aspx |archive-date=20 October 2014 }}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Mona Singh celebrates Janmashtami at ISKCON in Juhu (cropped).jpg|thumb|Singh celebrates Janmashtami at ISKCON in Juhu]]
===Television career===
Singh first appeared on [[Television in India|Hindi television]] with [[Sony Entertainment Television]]'s [[soap opera]] ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' (2003–2006).<ref name="bollywoodhungama.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/filmography/20400/index.html |title=Mona Singh | Videos, Wallpapers, Movies, Photos, Biography |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=7 April 2013 |archive-date=6 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106034542/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/filmography/20400/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show made her a household name, and she won awards such as [[Apsara Awards]], [[Indian Telly Awards]] and [[Indian Television Academy Awards]].<ref name="Plain Jane Jassi a charm for Sony">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/10/20/stories/2003102000580200.htm|title=Plain Jane Jassi a charm for Sony|date=20 October 2003|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-date=28 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128021534/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/10/20/stories/2003102000580200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2006, she participated in and won the reality show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]] 1''.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Mona 'Jassi' Singh wins Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa | work = Daily News & Analysis | date = 27 October 2006 | access-date = 2016-08-21 | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mona-jassi-singh-wins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-1060556 | archive-date = 6 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161106151951/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mona-jassi-singh-wins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-1060556 | url-status = live }}</ref> She hosted ''[[Femina Miss India]]'' and ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 2'' in 2007, followed by her participation and win in ''[[Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (TV series)|Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]'' in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin cast: Then and Now | work = The Times of India | date = 20 August 2016 | access-date = 2016-08-21 | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/jassi-jaissi-koi-nahin-cast-then-and-now/photostory/53780371.cms | archive-date = 16 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180916213105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/jassi-jaissi-koi-nahin-cast-then-and-now/photostory/53780371.cms | url-status = live }}</ref>

Singh then teamed up with [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s banner [[Balaji Telefilms]] for the first of four consecutive fiction show collaborations in [[NDTV Imagine]]'s ''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]'' where she was cast as Raunaq Makhija from 2008 to 2009.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}} She hosted ''[[Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]]'' (2009), ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]] 4'' (2010), ''Shaadi 3 Crore Ki'' (2010), ''Star Ya Rockstar'' (2011) and ''CID Veerta Awards'' (2012) and was a participant on ''[[Meethi Choori No 1]]'' (2010).<ref name="exp">{{Cite web | title = Mona Singh, the 'Jassi' girl | last = Bhirani | first = Radhika | work = The New Indian Express | date = 2 March 2011 | access-date = 2016-08-21 | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article451057.ece | archive-date = 22 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160822073118/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article451057.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref>

By returning to fiction shows, she entered Sony Entertainment Television's ''[[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada]]'', produced by Kapoor, in 2012 as Mona, a wife whom her husband leaves and divorces due to an extramarital affair with his former girlfriend.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}} The show ended in 2013, and she took a break from television afterwards also.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Mona Singh keen on season two of Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin | agency = IANS | work = The Indian Express | date = 7 June 2016 | access-date = 2016-08-21 | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mona-singh-keen-on-season-two-of-jassi-jaissi-koi-nahin-2839625/ | archive-date = 18 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160918140928/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mona-singh-keen-on-season-two-of-jassi-jaissi-koi-nahin-2839625/ | url-status = live }}</ref>

Two years later, Singh made a comeback to television in October 2015 with ''[[Pyaar Ko Ho Jaane Do]]'', her third consecutive show to be produced by Kapoor where she played Preet Singh, a woman who lost her parents.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Mona Singh back on TV with 'Pyar Ko Ho Jaane Do', says doesn't like backstabbing in family dramas|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mona-singh-pyar-ko-ho-jaane-do-doesnt-like-backstabbing-in-family-dramas/|website = The Indian Express|date = 2015-10-19|access-date = 2015-10-27|archive-date = 29 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151029012128/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mona-singh-pyar-ko-ho-jaane-do-doesnt-like-backstabbing-in-family-dramas/|url-status = live}}</ref> Due to low TRPs, ''Pyaar Ko Ho Jaane Do'' went off air within three months in January 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/celebrity_interviews/Bollywood+Interview+Mona+Singh++++Jassi+-15264.html |title=Bollywood Interview Mona Singh – 'Jassi' |publisher=Femalefirst.co.uk |date=17 March 2006 |access-date=7 April 2013 |archive-date=28 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328190737/http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/celebrity_interviews/Bollywood+Interview+Mona+Singh++++Jassi+-15264.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later, in 2016, she featured in Kapoor's supernatural production ''[[Kavach (TV series)|Kavach...Kaali Shaktiyon Se]]'' as Paridhi, a married woman attempting to protect her husband from his former lover who has turned into a spirit post death and arrived to haunt the couple, and hosted ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''.<ref name="Untitled Document">{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323071726/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/net/mmpaper.aspx?page=article&sectid=12&contentid=20070319034155703de158667&pageno=1|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/net/mmpaper.aspx?page=article&sectid=12&contentid=20070319034155703de158667&pageno=1|title=Mona dancing|work=Mumbai Mirror|archive-date=23 March 2007}}</ref>

In September 2021, she hosted the [[&TV]]'s show ''[[Mauka-E-Vardaat]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mona-singh-set-comeback-television-five-years-host-mauka-e-vardaat-2/|title=Mona Singh set to comeback on Television after five years as a host of Mauka-e-Vardaat 2|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=28 May 2021|language=en|access-date=2021-09-09|archive-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909042754/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mona-singh-set-comeback-television-five-years-host-mauka-e-vardaat-2/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Web series career===
In 2018, Singh ventured into web world with her portrayal of Ananya in ''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mona-singh-introduces-us-to-yeh-meri-family/20180713.htm |title=Mona Singh introduces us to Yeh Meri Family |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720140031/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mona-singh-introduces-us-to-yeh-meri-family/20180713.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> That year she also starred in [[The Viral Fever]] and [[Netflix]] series ''[[Yeh Meri Family]]''.<ref>{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005002111/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/04/09/stories/2005040901380400.htm|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/04/09/stories/2005040901380400.htm|title=Bausch & Lomb ropes in 'Jassi' Mona Singh|work=The Hindu |archive-date=5 October 2012 }}</ref> In 2019, she was seen in [[ZEE5]] and [[ALT Balaji]] series ''[[Mission Over Mars]]''.<ref name="Cast-1">{{cite web|title=Sakshi Tanwar, Mona Singh team up for ALTBalaji's Mission Over Mars|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jun/08/sakshi-mona-team-up-for-altbalajis-mom-1987291.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The New Indian Express |date=8 June 2019 }}</ref> She next appeared in ''Black Widows'' on ZEE5.<ref>{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201515/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/net/mmpaper.aspx?page=article&sectid=30&contentid=200703160230506097b631f31&pageno=1|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/net/mmpaper.aspx?page=article&sectid=30&contentid=200703160230506097b631f31&pageno=1|title=Singh on song|work=Mumbai Mirror|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref>

In 2023, Singh appeared in the [[Zoya Akhtar]] created [[Made in Heaven (TV series)|''Made In Heaven'']] as Bulbul Jauhari. Singh played the role of an auditor attempting to bring the company out of debt whilst simultaneously handling a police case against her son. She received critical acclaim for her role from critics and audiences alike.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-29 |title=Truly made in heaven for me: Mona Singh on standout role in the series |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/truly-made-in-heaven-for-me-mona-singh-on-standout-role-in-the-series/articleshow/103172592.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Made In Heaven Season 2: Mona Singh Reacts To Being Praised For Her Performance On The Show, "Such An Overwhelming Response Makes Me Happy" |url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/made-in-heaven-season-2-mona-singh-reacts-to-being-praised-for-her-performance-on-the-show-such-an-overwhelming-response-makes-me-happy/ |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=Koimoi |date=12 August 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105225025/https://www.koimoi.com/television/made-in-heaven-season-2-mona-singh-reacts-to-being-praised-for-her-performance-on-the-show-such-an-overwhelming-response-makes-me-happy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Singh next appeared in a brief but pivotal role as a doctor in [[Netflix]]'s ''[[Kaala Paani]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mona Singh Delivers Impeccable Performance In Kaala Paani |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/mona-singh-delivers-impeccable-performance-in-kaala-paani-2678113.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> Her performance was well received by critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Kaala Paani': A Tragedy That Sacrifices Its Heroes |url=https://thewire.in/film/kaala-paani-review-tragedy-that-sacrifices-heroes-to-spotlight-errors-of-human-actions |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=The Wire}}</ref> In 2025, she starred in a pivotal role in ''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wandermurem |first=Isadora |date=September 19, 2025 |title=Breaking Down the Ending of Netflix’s Glitzy Indian Dramedy Ba***ds of Bollywood |url=https://time.com/7317448/bastards-of-bollywood-netflix-ending/ |access-date=March 18, 2026 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> In 2026, she appeared in a leading role in the second season of the series ''[[Kohrra]]''. Her performance received critical acclaim, with ''[[The Hindu]]''{{'s}} Anuj Kumar writing, "As a grieving mother in a police uniform, Mona Singh, is a powerhouse ready to implode."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2026-02-12 |title=‘Kohrra’ Season 2 series review: Mona Singh pierces through the mist of motives in this intriguing police procedural |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kohrra-season-2-review-mona-singh-sudeep-sharma-kohrra-netflix-intriguing-police-procedural/article70624947.ece |access-date=2026-03-18 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganguly |first=Arnab |date=February 14, 2026 |title=Mona Singh aces in slow burn of ‘Kohrra Season 2’, a whodunnit with emotions and women at its core |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mona-singh-aces-in-slow-burn-of-kohrra-season-2-a-whodunnit-with-emotions-and-women-at-its-core/cid/2147332 |access-date=March 18, 2026 |website=[[Telegraph India]]}}</ref>

===Film career===

Singh made her film debut in 2009 with the supporting and important character of Mona Sahastrabuddhe in [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s Hindi satirical comedy ''[[3 Idiots]]'', which became one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest grossing Indian films]] with a global accumulation of about {{INRConvert|4|b}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Utt Pataang Movie (Feb 2011) - Trailer, Star Cast, Release Date {{!}} Paytm.com|url=https://paytm.com/movies/utt-pataang-movie-detail-137313|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Paytm|language=en|archive-date=10 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810180059/https://paytm.com/movies/utt-pataang-movie-detail-137313|url-status=live}}</ref> She next appeared in ''[[Utt Pataang]]'', ''[[Zed Plus]]'' and ''[[Amavas]]''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=BookMyShow|title=Utt Pataang Movie (2011) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/utt-pataang/ET00006157?fbrefresh=1|access-date=2020-10-08|website=BookMyShow|language=en|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012060705/https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/utt-pataang/ET00006157?fbrefresh=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Zed Plus {{!}} Netflix">{{Cite web|title=Zed Plus {{!}} Netflix|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81213884|access-date=2020-10-08|website=www.netflix.com|language=en|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918052159/https://www.netflix.com/title/81213884|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=BookMyShow|title=Zed Plus Movie (2014) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Bhubaneswar|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bhubaneswar/movies/zed-plus/ET00025681?fbrefresh=1|access-date=2020-10-08|website=BookMyShow|language=en|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012060706/https://in.bookmyshow.com/bhubaneswar/movies/zed-plus/ET00025681?fbrefresh=1|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}}<ref name="Hungama">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/amavas-2/cast/|title=Amavas Cast List | Amavas Movie Star Cast | Release Date | Movie Trailer | Review- Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 February 2019 |access-date=20 September 2020|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422114714/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/amavas-2/cast/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/mona-singh/|title=Mona Singh News, Latest News of Mona Singh, Movies, News, Songs, Images, Interviews - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220756/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/mona-singh/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}}<ref name="m.youtube.com">{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_QoxcbLQWIM|title = EK CHOTI SI EGO | Husband and Wife Story | Ft. Mona Singh & Iqbal Khan | Miraj Miracle|website = [[YouTube]] | date=26 December 2019 }}</ref>

In 2022, she appeared in Aamir Khan’s ''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]'', where she played the protagonist’s mother.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}} Despite being 16 years younger than Khan, Singh defended her role and stated, "I’m not playing Aamir Khan’s mother, I’m playing Laal’s mother."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-13 |title=Mona Singh defends Laal Singh Chaddha age difference: 'I'm not playing Aamir Khan's mother, I'm playing Laal's mother' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mona-singh-defends-laal-singh-chaddha-age-difference-aamir-khan-8087541/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Media image ==
[[File:Mona Singh 2.jpg|thumb|Singh at an event in 2018]]

With her performances in ''Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin'', Singh established herself among the leading and highest-paid actresses of Hindi television.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/reinventing-mona-singh/article67222266.ece |title=Reinventing Mona Singh |work=The Hindu |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927114453/https://www.thehindu.com/society/reinventing-mona-singh/article67222266.ece}}</ref> In 2012, Singh appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list, ranking 97th with an estimated annual income of {{INRConvert|22.5|m}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2012-celebrity-100/1395/all |title=2012 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219063445/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2012-celebrity-100/1395/all |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
===Films===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2009
| ''[[3 Idiots]]''
| Mona Sahastrabuddhe
|
| <ref name="bollywoodhungama.com"/>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Utt Pataang]]''
| Koel Datta
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=BookMyShow|title=Utt Pataang Movie (2011) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/utt-pataang/ET00006157?fbrefresh=1|access-date=2020-10-08|website=BookMyShow|language=en|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012060705/https://in.bookmyshow.com//movies/utt-pataang/ET00006157?fbrefresh=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Zed Plus]]''
| Hameeda
|
| <ref name="Zed Plus {{!}} Netflix"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=BookMyShow|title=Zed Plus Movie (2014) {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Bhubaneswar|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/bhubaneswar/movies/zed-plus/ET00025681?fbrefresh=1|access-date=2020-10-08|website=BookMyShow|language=en|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012060706/https://in.bookmyshow.com/bhubaneswar/movies/zed-plus/ET00025681?fbrefresh=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Amavas]]''
| Dr. Shivani
|
| <ref name="Hungama"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
| ''Ek Chotisi Ego''
| Priya
| Short film
| <ref name="m.youtube.com"/>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022
| ''Don Bhaisahab''
| Rekha Anand
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/aamir-khans-laal-singh-chaddha-release-date-pushed-date-2022-official-announcement-inside-904240|title=Aamir Khan's Laal Singh Chaddha release date pushed to THIS date in 2022; Official announcement inside|date=26 September 2021|website=Pinkvilla|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926091231/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/aamir-khans-laal-singh-chaddha-release-date-pushed-date-2022-official-announcement-inside-904240|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]''
| Gurpreet Kaur Chaddha
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/aamir-khans-laal-singh-chaddha-release-date-pushed-date-2022-official-announcement-inside-904240|title=Aamir Khan's Laal Singh Chaddha release date pushed to THIS date in 2022; Official announcement inside|date=26 September 2021|website=Pinkvilla|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926091231/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/aamir-khans-laal-singh-chaddha-release-date-pushed-date-2022-official-announcement-inside-904240|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|''Ek Chup''
|Dr Radhika
|Short film
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dream Girl 2, Naane Varuvean, My Name Is Vendetta, Ek Chup: New trailers, teasers and posters |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/dream-girl-2-naane-varuvean-my-name-is-vendetta-ek-chup-new-trailers-teasers-and-posters/cid/1887042 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221202751/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/dream-girl-2-naane-varuvean-my-name-is-vendetta-ek-chup-new-trailers-teasers-and-posters/cid/1887042 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2024
|''[[Munjya (film)|Munjya]]''
|Pammi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 May 2024|title=Maddock Films' unveils 'Munjya' movie to release on June 7|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/entertainment/2024/05/21/ent2-maddock-munjya.html|access-date=21 May 2024|website=The Week|language=en|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521063852/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/entertainment/2024/05/21/ent2-maddock-munjya.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2026
| ''[[Happy Patel: Khatarnak Jasoos]]''
| Mama
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mona Singh-starrer Happy Patel Khatarnaak Jasoos, produced by Aamir Khan, expected to release during Diwali|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mona-singh-starrer-happy-patel-khatarnaak-jasoos-produced-aamir-khan-expected-release-diwali/|access-date=21 July 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=21 July 2024|language=en|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721160758/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mona-singh-starrer-happy-patel-khatarnaak-jasoos-produced-aamir-khan-expected-release-diwali/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Border 2]]''
| Simi Kaler
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunny Deol, Ayushmann Khurrana, and Ahan Shetty to star in Border 2; filming begins 2024 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sunny-deol-ayushmann-khurrana-ahan-shetty-star-border-2-filming-begins-2024/ |access-date=5 September 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Subedaar]]''
| Babli Didi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |first=Aman|last=Wadhwa|title=Subedaar trailer: Anil Kapoor wages war against Mona Singh's illegal sand mining mafia, Prime Video film to premiere on this date|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-subedaar-trailer-anil-kapoor-wages-war-against-mona-singh-illegal-sand-mining-mafia-prime-video-film-to-premiere-on-this-date-march-5-aditya-rawal-radhikka-madan-3201249|language=en|date=23 February 2026|website=DNA}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2003–2006 || ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' || Jasmeet Walia Suri / Jessica Bedi / Neha Shastri || || <ref name="Plain Jane Jassi a charm for Sony"/>
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 1]]'' || Contestant
|Winner ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2007 || ''[[Femina Miss India]]'' || rowspan="2" | Host
| ||
|-
|| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 2]]''
| ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (TV series)|Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]'' || Contestant
|Winner ||
|-
| 2008–2009 || ''[[Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi]]'' || Raunaq Kapoor || ||{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}}
|-
| 2009–2014 || ''[[Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega|Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega 1]]'' || rowspan="2" | Host
| ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2010 || ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 4|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 4]]''
| ||
|-
|| ''[[Meethi Choori No 1]]'' || Contestant
| ||
|-
|| ''[[List of programs broadcast by Imagine TV|Shaadi 3 Crore Ki]]'' || Host
| ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2011 || ''[[Ratan Ka Rishta]]'' || Herself
|Guest ||
|-
|| ''[[List of programs broadcast by Zee TV|Star Ya Rockstar]]'' || rowspan="2" | Host
| ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID Veerta Awards]]''
| ||
|-
| 2012–2013 || ''[[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada]]'' || Mona Chopra || ||{{Citation needed|date=March 2026|reason=previous citation was removed per [[WP:IMDB]]}}
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar]]'' || Herself || Guest appearance ||
|-
| 2015–2016 || ''[[Pyaar Ko Ho Jaane Do]]'' || Preet Singh Hooda || ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Kavach...Kaali Shaktiyon Se]]'' || Paridhi "Pari" Bundela || ||
|-
| 2015–2016 || ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao|Comedy Nights Bachao Taaza]]'' || Host ||
|
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Mauka-E-Vardaat]]'' || Host || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/movie-channels/actor-mona-singh-to-return-as-host-with-tvs-mauka-e-vardaat-210622|title=Actor Mona Singh to return as host with &TV's Mauka-E-Vardaat|website=Indian Television|language=en|access-date=2021-09-09}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Pushpa Impossible]]'' || Advocate Damini Mehra || || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mona Singh's look from Pushpa Impossible revealed, will be seen as lawyer Damini Mehra|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mona-singhs-look-from-pushpa-revealed-will-be-seen-as-lawyer-damini-mehra/articleshow/93345237.cms|access-date=2022-08-04|website=Times of India|date=4 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2018
|''[[Yeh Meri Family]]''
| Poorva Gupta
| Season 1
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mona Singh introduces us to Yeh Meri Family|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mona-singh-introduces-us-to-yeh-meri-family/20180713.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720140031/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/mona-singh-introduces-us-to-yeh-meri-family/20180713.htm|archive-date=20 July 2018|access-date=20 July 2018|publisher=[[Rediff]]}}</ref>
|-
|2018–2020
|''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]''
| Ananya Sharma Mehra
| 3 seasons
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Mission Over Mars|M.O.M. - Mission Over Mars]]''
|Moushmi Ghosh
|
|<ref name="Cast-1" />
|-
|2020
|''[[Black Widows (web series)|Black Widows]]''
|Veera Mehrotra
|
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Black Widows trailer: Shamita Shetty, Mona Singh and Swastika Mukherjee make for killer wives in new Zee5 series|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/black-widows-trailer-shamita-shetty-mona-singh-and-swastika-mukherjee-make-for-killer-wives-in-new-zee5-series/story-HJtNyxIhV3Dwgp29JXnsAM.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=17 November 2020|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727205720/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/black-widows-trailer-shamita-shetty-mona-singh-and-swastika-mukherjee-make-for-killer-wives-in-new-zee5-series/story-HJtNyxIhV3Dwgp29JXnsAM.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Kafas (TV series)|Kafas]]''
|Seema Vashisht
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive! Mona Singh roped in for Applause entertainment's upcoming web series titled "Kafas" |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/exclusive-mona-singh-roped-applause-entertainment-s-upcoming-web-series-titled-kafas |access-date=16 May 2023 |work=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]''
|Bulbul Jauhari
|Season 2
|
|-
|''[[Kaala Paani]]''
| Dr. Soudamini Singh
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Netflix announces survival drama show 'Kaala Paani'; Ashutosh Gowariker and Mona Singh to star |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/netflix-announces-kaala-paani-starring-ashutosh-gowariker-and-mona-singh--23297892 |access-date=28 September 2023 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=14 July 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928084902/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/netflix-announces-kaala-paani-starring-ashutosh-gowariker-and-mona-singh--23297892 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|''[[Mistry (TV series)|Mistry]]''
|ACP Sehmat Siddiqui
|
|<ref name="deadline">{{cite web |title=Ram Kapoor To Lead Indian Adaptation Of 'Monk' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/ram-kapoor-indian-adaptation-monk-1236411328/ |website=Deadline |date=28 May 2025 |access-date=30 May 2025 |archive-date=29 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529093134/https://deadline.com/2025/05/ram-kapoor-indian-adaptation-monk-1236411328/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''
|Neeta Singh
|
|
|-
|''[[Thode Door Thode Paas]]''
|Simran Mehta
|Season 1
|<ref name="toi">{{cite news |date=29 October 2025 |title=Thode Door Thode Paas: Pankaj Kapur, Mona Singh and Kunaal Roy Kapur star in family drama; explores the need to unplug in digital age |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/thode-door-thode-paas-pankaj-kapur-mona-singh-and-kunaal-roy-kapur-star-in-family-drama-explores-the-need-to-unplug-in-digital-age/articleshow/124890735.cms |access-date=5 November 2025 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=30 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030073120/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/thode-door-thode-paas-pankaj-kapur-mona-singh-and-kunaal-roy-kapur-star-in-family-drama-explores-the-need-to-unplug-in-digital-age/articleshow/124890735.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[Kohrra]]''
| SI Dhanwant Kaur
| Season 2
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix’s 'Kohrra' Season 2 Unveils A Thrilling Whodunnit Trailer Where The Truth Looks Foggier Than It Is!|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflixs-kohrra-season-2-unveils-a-thrilling-whodunnit-trailer|access-date=30 January 2026|archive-date=17 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260217111712/https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflixs-kohrra-season-2-unveils-a-thrilling-whodunnit-trailer|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-

|-
| rowspan="2"| TBA
| {{Pending film|Paan Parda Zarda}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Completed
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mona Singh, Tanvi Azmi-led crime series 'Paan Parda Zarda' goes on floors|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mona-singh-tanvi-azmi-led-crime-series-paan-parda-zarda-goes-on-floors/article67375265.ece|access-date=10 December 2023|website=The Hindu|date=3 October 2023|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008220300/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mona-singh-tanvi-azmi-led-crime-series-paan-parda-zarda-goes-on-floors/article67375265.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|Ma Ka Sum}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Completed
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mona Singh's next is a web series 'Ma Ka Sum', BTS pictures out|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/mona-singhs-next-is-a-web-series-ma-ka-sum-bts-pictures-out|access-date=14 September 2024|website=Film Companion|date=22 April 2024|language=en|archive-date=10 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010003859/https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/mona-singhs-next-is-a-web-series-ma-ka-sum-bts-pictures-out|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work!! Result !!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2003
| rowspan="2" | [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series|Best Actress in a Drama Series]]
| rowspan="7" | ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''
| {{won}}
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_winners.html|title=1st Apsara Awards - Winners|website=apsaraawards.org|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175612/http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_winners.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Outstanding Debut
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Television Personality of the Year|Best Television Personality of the Year]]
| {{won}}
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|title=Winners of 4th Indian Telly Awards|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175611/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|archive-date=17 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Drama - Popular|Best Actress –Popular]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2004 |title=Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526071531/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2004 |archive-date=26 May 2012 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actress in a Lead Role|Best Actress in a Lead Role]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|title=Winners of 5th Indian Telly Awards|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175616/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|archive-date=17 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Drama - Jury|Best Actress –Drama]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2005 |title=Winners of Indian Television Academy Awards, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504215552/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2005 |archive-date= 4 May 2012 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2024
| [[2024 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| Best Supporting Actress – Drama Series
| ''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven 2]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the Danube Properties Filmfare OTT Awards 2024: Full List Out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2024-full-list-out-69977.html |date=1 December 2024 |access-date=2 December 2024 |website=Filmfare |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202110824/https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2024-full-list-out-69977.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Bollywood Hungama Style Icons]]
| Most Stylish Mould-Breaking Talent of the Year
| {{N/A}}
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Complete list of nominees of Bollywood Hungama Style Icon Awards |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/style-icons/nominees.php |work=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |accessdate=25 April 2024 |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810231219/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/style-icons/nominees.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Bollywood}}
* [[List of Indian film actresses]]
* [[List of Indian television actresses]]
* [[List of Hindi television actresses]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Mona Singh}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}


{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}
{{Navboxes | title = Awards for Mona Singh | list = {{Indian Telly Award Best Lead Actress}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actress}}
{{Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series}}
}}
{{Ugly Betty series}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Mona}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa winners]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Female models from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]

Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-03-18T13:31:14Z

Svetlbwz:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Bijapur
| state = [[Karnataka]]
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok_Sabha_constituencies/2019/Karnataka/Bijapur.map}}
| map_caption = Bijapur Lok Sabha Constituency Map
| established = 1952
| district = Bijapur
| assembly_cons = [[Muddebihal Assembly constituency|Muddebihal]] [[Devar Hippargi Assembly constituency|Devar Hippargi]] [[Basavana Bagevadi Assembly constituency|Basavana Bagevadi]] [[Babaleshwar Assembly constituency|Babaleshwar]] [[Bijapur City Assembly constituency|Bijapur City]] [[Nagthan Assembly constituency|Nagthan]] [[Indi Assembly constituency|Indi]] [[Sindagi Assembly constituency|Sindagi]]
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image = Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi taking charge in his office, in the presence of the Union Minister for Chemicals & Fertilizers and Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Ananth Kumar, in New Delhi (cropped).jpg
| mp = [[Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
}}
[[File:Bagalkot Lok Sabha Constituency Map with district boundary (2009 - Present).pdf|thumb|]]
'''Bijapur (Vijayapura) Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 28 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state in southern [[India]]. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]].<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=206}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency presently comprises the following eight [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] segments:<ref name="ceo"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2"|Party Leading (in [[2024 Indian general election|2024]])
|-
|26
|[[Muddebihal Assembly constituency|Muddebihal]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]]
|[[C. S. Nadagouda]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|27
|[[Devar Hippargi Assembly constituency|Devar Hippargi]]
|[[Bhimanagouda Patil|Rajugouda Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
|28
|[[Basavana Bagevadi Assembly constituency|Basavana Bagevadi]]
|[[Shivanand Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|29
|[[Babaleshwar Assembly constituency|Babaleshwar]]
|[[M. B. Patil]]
|-
|30
|[[Bijapur City Assembly constituency|Bijapur City]]
|[[Basangouda Patil Yatnal]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|31
|[[Nagthan Assembly constituency|Nagthan]] (SC)
|[[Katakadond Vittal Dondiba|Vittal Katakadhond]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|32
|[[Indi Assembly constituency|Indi]]
|[[Yashavant Rayagoud Patil]]
|-
|33
|[[Sindagi Assembly constituency|Sindagi]]
|[[Ashok M. Managuli]]
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
!colspan=2| Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Rajaram Girdharilal Dubey]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|Murigappa Siddappa Sugandhi
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Rajaram Girdharilal Dubey]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|G.D. Patil
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|Bhimappa Choudhari
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |Kalingappa Choudhari
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|Shivashankarappa Guraddi
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" |Basagondappa Gudadinni
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|Basanagouda Rudragouda Patil
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[M. B. Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|rowspan=2 |[[Basangouda Patil Yatnal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Ramesh Jigajinagi]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== General Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Bijapur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ramesh Jigajinagi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 672,781
|percentage = 51.91
|change = {{down}}5.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Raju Alagur
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 595,552
|percentage = 45.95
|change = {{up}}11.95
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ganapati Rathod (Hanjagi)
|party = Karnataka Rashtra Samithi
|votes = 7,691
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 7,502
|percentage = 0.58
|change = {{down}}0.53
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 77,229
|percentage = 5.96
|change = {{down}}17.26
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,297,073
|percentage = 66.59
|change = {{up}}4.70
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|swing = {{down}}5.31
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Bijapur]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi]]|votes=6,35,867|percentage=57.22|change=+9.42}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=Sunita Chavan|votes=377,829|percentage=34.00|change=+28.05}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Dhareppa Mahadev Ardhavar
|votes = 23,706
|percentage = 2.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Pujari Shrinath Sangapaa|votes=23,442|percentage=2.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=12,286|percentage=1.11|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=258,038|percentage=23.22|change=+16.02}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,112,493|percentage=61.89|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Janata Dal (Secular)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Bijapur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi]]|votes=471,757|percentage=48.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Prakash Rathod|votes=401,938|percentage=41.58|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=[[K. Shivram]]|votes=57,551|percentage=5.95|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=8,287|percentage=0.86|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=69,819|percentage=7.22|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=966,797|percentage=59.58|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Vijayapura district|Vijayapura district, Karnataka]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|16.8|75.7|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bijapur district, Karnataka]]

1905 Kangra earthquake

2026-03-17T02:23:29Z

Svetlbwz: further cleaned up article per standard format also and improved wording

{{Short description|Disaster in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| title = 1905 Kangra earthquake
| timestamp = 1905-04-04 00:50:00
| anss-url = iscgem16957848
| isc-event = 16957848
| local-date = {{Start date|df=yes|1905|04|04}}
| local-time = Early morning
| map2 = {{Location map | India
| label =
| lat = 33.0
| long = 76.0
| mark = Bullseye1.png
| marksize = 40
| position = top
| width = 250
| float = right
| caption =
| relief = yes}}
| magnitude = 7.8 [[Moment magnitude scale|Ms]]<ref name="Ambraseys"/>
| depth =
| location = {{coord|33.0|N|76.0|E|type:event_region:IN-HP|display=inline,title}}<ref name=Utsu/>
| countries affected = [[British Raj|Colonial India]]
| fault = [[Main Himalayan Thrust]]
| intensity = {{EMS-98|IX}}<ref name=Martin/> {{MMI|X}}<ref name="Simulation of strong ground motion for 1905 Kangra earthquake and a possible megathrust earthquake (Mw 8.5) in western Himalaya (India) using Empirical Green's Function technique">{{cite journal |author1=Sharma, B. |author2=Chopra, S. |author3=Kumar, V. |title=Simulation of strong ground motion for 1905 Kangra earthquake and a possible megathrust earthquake (Mw 8.5) in western Himalaya (India) using Empirical Green's Function technique |journal=Natural Hazards |date=2016 |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=487–503 |doi=10.1007/s11069-015-1979-0 |bibcode=2016NatHa..80..487S |s2cid=129961165 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-015-1979-0 |access-date=18 March 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Intensity attenuation">{{cite journal |last1=Ghosh GK, Mahajan AK |title=Intensity attenuation relation at Chamba–Garhwal area in north-west Himalaya with epicentral distance and magnitude |journal=Journal of Earth System Science |date=2013 |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=107–122 |doi=10.1007/s12040-012-0261-z |bibcode=2013JESS..122..107G |s2cid=140177028 |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/public/Volumes/jess/122/01/0107-0122.pdf |access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref>
| casualties = >20,000<ref name=Utsu/><ref name="Ambraseys"/><ref name=Nature/>
| damage =
| image = Photograph of the ruins of Bajreshwari Mata Temple, Kangra taken in the aftermath of the 1905 Kangra earthquake.jpg
| caption = Photograph of the ruins of [[Bajreshwari Mata Temple, Kangra]] taken in the aftermath of the 1905 Kangra earthquake
}}

The '''1905 Kangra earthquake''' occurred in the [[Kangra Valley]] and the [[Kangra district]] of the [[Himachal Pradesh]], in [[India]] on 4 April 1905. The earthquake measured 7.8 on the [[surface-wave magnitude]] scale and killed more than 20,000 people. Apart from this, most buildings in the towns of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], [[Mcleodganj]] and [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamshala]] were destroyed. The earthquake also had a widespread impact in Jammu and Kashmir particularly in the densely populated Kashmir valley. A total of 7,000 to 8,000 people were killed in Jammu and Kashmir with 4,000 to 5,000 deaths occurring in the Kashmir valley. Widespread structural damage was reported across Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttrakhand.<ref>[http://123himachal.com/dharamsala/links/1905.htm Dharamsala Earthquake 1905 – Images]</ref><ref>[http://www.hpkangra.nic.in/history.htm History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221063405/https://www.hpkangra.nic.in/history.htm |date=2007-12-21 }} ''[[Kangra district]]'' Official website.</ref><ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V01_128.gif Earthquakes] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', v. 1, ''p. 98.''</ref>

==Background==
The calculated [[epicenter]] of the earthquake lies within the zone of [[thrust fault|thrusts]] along the front of the Himalayas formed by the continuing collision of the [[Indian plate]] into the [[Eurasian plate]].<ref>{{citation|title=Geodetic Study of the Kangra Earthquake 1905|url=http://www.unavco.org/pubs_reports/proposals/2007/facility2007/section3/UNV-GRID-SPREAD-EC_31.pdf|last1=Wallace|first1=K.|last2=Gaur|first2=V.|last3=Blume|first3=F.|last4=Hough|first4=S.|authorlink4=Susan Hough|last5=Bilham|first5=R.}}</ref> Underthrusting of the Indian subcontinent beneath Tibet along a 2,500 km long convergent boundary known as the [[Main Himalayan Thrust]] has resulted in the uplifting of the overriding Eurasian plate, thus creating the long mountain range parallel to the convergent zone.<ref name="India plate angular velocity and contemporary deformation rates from continuous GPS measurements from 1996 to 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Jade|first1= S.|last2= Shrungeshwara|first2= T.S.|last3= Kumar|first3= K. |title=India plate angular velocity and contemporary deformation rates from continuous GPS measurements from 1996 to 2015 |journal=Scientific Reports |date=2017 |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=11439 |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-11697-w |pmid=28900236 |pmc=5595902 |bibcode=2017NatSR...711439J }}</ref>

==Earthquake characteristics==
The magnitude 7.8–7.9 earthquake struck the western Himalaya in the state of Himachal Pradesh at an estimated depth of 6 km along a very shallow dipping thrust fault, likely on the [[Main Himalayan Thrust]] detachment. The rupture area is calculated at 280 km × 80 km.<ref name="Minimum norm inversion of observed ground elevation changes for slips on the causative fault during the 1905 Kangra earthquake">{{cite journal |last1=Gahalaut|first1= V.K.|last2= Gupta|first2= P.K.|last3= Chander|first3= R. |title=Minimum norm inversion of observed ground elevation changes for slips on the causative fault during the 1905 Kangra earthquake |journal=Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences – Earth and Planetary Sciences |date=1994 |volume=103 |issue=3 |pages=401–411 |doi=10.1007/BF02841529 |bibcode=1994InEPS.103..401G |s2cid=127752208 |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jess/103/03/0401-0411 |access-date=18 March 2021|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The rupture did not reach the surface, therefore, is considered a [[blind thrust earthquake]].<ref name="Minimum norm inversion of observed ground elevation changes for slips on the causative fault during the 1905 Kangra earthquake" /> A more recent study in 2005 estimated the rupture zone at 110 km × 55 km while still not breaking the surface.<ref name="Bilham R, Wallace K">{{cite journal |last1=Bilham R, Wallace K |title=Future Mw 8 earthquake in Himalaya: Implication for the 26 December, 2004 M = 9 earthquake on eastern margin |journal=Geological Survey India |date=2005 |volume=85 |pages=1–14}}</ref>

==Damage==
[[File:Photograph of the Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, circa early 20th century (PF0021985).png|thumb|Photograph of the Golden Temple in Amritsar after the earthquake. The top dome of the Ramgarhia Bunga's burj watchtower to the left was destroyed due to the earthquake.]]
The earthquake reached its peak [[Rossi–Forel scale|Rossi–Forel intensity]] of X in [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]]. About 150 km away from this zone to the southeast, an area of increased intensity reaching VIII was recorded. This unusually high intensity away from the earthquake in the Indo-Gangetic Plain included the cities [[Dehradun]] and [[Saharanpur]]. It was felt VII in towns like [[Kasauli]], [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]], [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]], and [[Lahore]].<ref name="Significant Earthquake Information INDIA: KANGRA">{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information INDIA: KANGRA |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2709 |website=NGDC NCEI |publisher=NCEI |access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref> The [[Ramgarhia Bunga]] in Amritsar suffered damages, especially to the top domes of its two burj watchtowers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Teja |first=Charanjit Singh |date=7 June 2025 |title=In photos: Echoes of valour & faith resound at grand Sikh structure Ramgarhia Bunga |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/echoes-of-valour-faith-resound-at-ramgarhia-bunga/ |access-date=20 August 2025 |work=The Tribune |quote=Over time, the building suffered damage, especially during the 1905 earthquake and the 1984 Operation Blue Star.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2014 |title=THEN TOP LOST IN 1905, MORE DAMAGE IN '84 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-bathinda/20140606/281921656105755 |access-date=20 August 2025 |work=Hindustan Times (Bathinda) |quote=The old Nanakshahi bricks have been concealed with pink tiles on the outer walls of the two minarets of Ramgarhia Bunga. The top portion of the minarets was demolished after damage in earthquake in 1905.}}</ref>

As many as 100,000 buildings were reported to have been demolished by the earthquake. At least 20,000 people are estimated to have been killed and 53,000 domestic animals were also lost. There was also major damage to the network of hillside [[Aqueduct (water supply)|aqueduct]]s that fed water to the affected area. The total cost of recovering from the effects of the earthquake was calculated at 2.9 million (1905) rupees.<ref name ="Ambraseys">{{cite journal|title=A note on the Kangra Ms = 7.8 earthquake of 4 April 1905|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/jul102000/general%20articles3.pdf|first1=N.|last1=Ambraseys|authorlink=Nicholas Ambraseys|first2=R.|last2=Bilham|year=2000|journal=Current Science|publisher=Current Science Association|volume=79|number=1|pages=45–50|access-date=9 January 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051935/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/jul102000/general%20articles3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[1897 Assam earthquake]]
* [[List of earthquakes in 1905]]
* [[List of earthquakes in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Nature">{{cite journal |title=The Kangra Earthquake of April 4, 1905 |journal=Nature |date=1 March 1906 |volume=73 |issue=1896 |pages=418–419 |doi=10.1038/073418a0 |bibcode=1906Natur..73..418. |s2cid=26641327 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=Martin>{{citation|title=A Catalog of Felt Intensity Data for 570 Earthquakes in India from 1636 to 2009|url=http://www.bssaonline.org/content/100/2/562.abstract|first1=S.|last1=Martin|first2=W.|last2=Szeliga|year=2010|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]]|series=Electronic Supplement (table S2)|volume=100|number=2|pages=562–569|doi=10.1785/0120080328|bibcode=2010BuSSA.100..562M|access-date=19 February 2017|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112172909/http://www.bssaonline.org/content/100/2/562.abstract|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
<ref name=Utsu>{{citation|title=International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology|series=Part A, Volume 81A|chapter=A List of Deadly Earthquakes in the World: 1500–2000|first=T. R.|last=Utsu|year=2002|publisher=[[Academic Press]]|edition=First|isbn=978-0124406520|page=702}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book |last=Middlemiss |first=Charles Stewart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmsRAAAAIAAJ |title=The Kangra Earthquake of 4th April, 1905 |date=1910 |publisher=Geological survey of India}}
*{{Cite journal|last1=Ambraseys|first1=N. N.|last2=Douglas|first2=J.|date=2004|title=Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes|journal=Geophysical Journal International|volume=159|issue=1|pages=165–206|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02323.x|issn=0956-540X|bibcode=2004GeoJI.159..165A|doi-access=free}}
*{{citation|title=Revisiting the 1897 Shillong and 1905 Kangra earthquakes in northern India: Site response, Moho reflections and a triggered earthquake|last1=Hough|first1=S. E.|authorlink1=Susan Hough|last2=Bilham|first2=R.|last3=Ambraseys|first3=N.|authorlink3=Nicholas Ambraseys|last4=Feldl|first4=N.|journal=Current Science|year=2005|volume=88|issue=10|pages=1632–1638|jstor=24110489}}
* Srivastava, H. N., Mithila Verma, and B. K. Bansal. "Seismological Constraints for the 1905 Kangra Earthquake and Associated Hazard in Northwest India." ''Current Science'' 99, no. 11 (2010): 1549–559. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24069452.

==External links==
*{{EQ-isc-link|16957848}}

{{Earthquakes in 1905}}
{{Earthquakes in India}}
{{Himalayan earthquakes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1905 Kangra Earthquake}}
[[Category:Earthquakes in India|1905 Kangra]]
[[Category:1905 in India|Kangra Earthquake, 1905]]
[[Category:Kangra district]]
[[Category:Disasters in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1905 earthquakes]]
[[Category:April 1905 in Asia]]
[[Category:Buried rupture earthquakes]]
[[Category:1905 disasters in India]]

Gohna Lake dam-burst

2026-03-15T21:07:43Z

Svetlbwz: Added a info!

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
The ''' Gohna Lake dam-burst''' (or Durmi Lake dam-burst) was a flood in the Garhwal Region of India on 25/26 August 1894 caused by a landslide-induced temporary lake.
[[File:Gohna lake as on 25 Aug '1894.jpg|thumb|300px|Gohna Lake in 1894]]
The town of Srinagar was destroyed, but only a family of five died.
<ref>[http://akdcts.blogspot.com/2012/02/gohna-lake.html The Gohna Lake, Reflections]</ref>
<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/IndiaHistory/posts/one-of-the-most-ancient-towns-of-india-with-continuous-habitation-was-srinagar-i/1016582443820829/ India Historys (Facebook)]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.the-south-asian.com/April-June2008/Gohna_Lake.htm The Remarkable Tale of the Gohna Lake (1893-1970), Garhwal]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Disasters in Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Floods in India]]
[[Category:Landslide-dammed lakes]]
[[Category:19th-century landslides]]
[[Category:Dam failures in Asia]]
[[Category:1894 natural disasters]]
[[Category:1894 in India]]
[[Category:History of Garhwal]]
[[Category:Disasters in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Landslides in India]]
[[Category:1890s disasters in Asia]]
[[Category:19th-century disasters in India]]

Shahpura state

2026-03-09T13:17:15Z

Svetlbwz: Added a data from scratch.

{{short description|Former Indian princely state}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = शाहपुरा रियासत
|conventional_long_name =State of Shahpura
|common_name =Shahpura
|nation = [[British India]]
|status_text = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1629
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1949
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Shahpura.svg
|image_coat =
|image_map = Jhalawar-Tonk map.jpg
|image_map_caption = Shahpura State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
|stat_area1 = 1048
|stat_year1 = 1931
|stat_pop1 = 54,233
|today = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}
[[File:Sri Umaid Singhji - Shahpura Plate 1876.jpg|thumb|Maharaja Sri Umaid Singh II (1876–1955).]]
The '''State of Shahpura''' or '''Princely State of Shahpura'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/shahpura_state |title=Shahpura (Princely State) |date=1664 |access-date=15 June 2014 |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207234516/http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/shahpura_state |url-status=live }}</ref> was a [[princely state]] in [[Shahpura, Bhilwara]] during the era of [[British India]]. Its relations with the British were managed by the [[Rajputana Agency]]. The last ruler of Shahpura signed the accession to join the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] in 1949.

The [[Haraoti-Tonk Agency]], with headquarters at [[Deoli, Rajasthan|Deoli]], dealt with the states of [[Tonk State|Tonk]] and Bundi, as well as with the estate of Shahpura.<ref>''Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV'' (1907), The Indian Empire, Administrative, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Rajputana |volume=22 |page=866}}</ref>

== History ==
In 1629 the Phulia estate ''[[jagir]]'' was given to a Sisodia prince called Sujan Singh by The Maharana of Mewar.

Its rulers bore the title of "Raja" but were later bestowed with the title of "Raja Dhiraj" by the Maharana of Mewar. In 1908 the average revenue of the state was Rs.3,00,000. The Raja Dhiraj of Shahpura was entitled to a [[Salute state|9 gun salute]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V22_229.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 22, page 223 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105095815/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V22_229.gif|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Raja Dhiraj's===
[[ File:Rajadhiraj Nahar Singh.png|right|thumb|Maharaja Nahar Singh Reign - 1870-1932]]
* 1706 – 27 December 1729 Bharat Singh (d. 1730)
*27 Dec 1729 – 13 January 1769 Umaid Singh I (d. 1769)
*14 Jan 1769 – 29 May 1774 Ram Singh (d. 1774)
*29 May 1774 – 19 May 1796 Bhim Singh (b. c.1715 – d. 1796)
*19 May 1796 – 7 July 1827 Amar Singh (b. 1784 – d. 1827)
*19 May 1796 – ''c.'' 1802 .... -Regent
* 7 July 1827 – 5 June 1845 Madho Singh (b. 1813 – d. 1845)
* 5 June 1845 – 23 June 1853 Jagat Singh (b. 1837 – d. 1853)
* 5 June 1845 – 18.. Rani Khangarotji (f) -Regent
*15 Jul 1853 – 21 April 1869 Lakshman Singh (b. 1852 – d. 1870)
*23 Jun 1853 – 21 April 1870 Rani Mertaniji (f) -Regent (b. c.1832 – d. 1916)
*21 Apr 1870 – 24 June 1932 [[Nahar Singh of Shahpura|Sir Nahar Singh]] (b. 1855 – d. 1932) (from 1 January 1903, Sir Nahar Singh)
*21 Apr 1870 – 3 March 1876 Rani Mertaniji (f) -Regent (s.a.)
*24 Jun 1932 – 3 February 1947 Umaid Singh II (b. 1876 – d. 1955)
*3 Feb 1947 – 15 August 1947 Sudharshandev Singh (b. 1915 – d. 1992)

==See also==
*[[Rajputana Agency]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{commonscat inline}}
{{Princely states of India}}
{{coord|25.63|N|74.93|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Bhilwara district]]
[[Category:Princely states of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1629 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1629]]
[[Category:Rajput history]]

{{India-PrincelyState-stub}}
{{Rajasthan-geo-stub}}

Yahoo (film)

2026-03-04T07:27:11Z

Svetlbwz: Added first info nd citations.

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Seetharam Karanth
| writer = Krish Joshi
| screenplay = Seetharam Karanth
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = G. Dhakshayini Sukanya
| starring = Saurav [[Neethu|Neetha]] [[H. G. Dattatreya|Dattatreya]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Makarandha Joshi
| editing = T. Govardhan
| music = M. N. Krupakar
| studio = Entertainer's
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2004|9|10}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Yahoo ''''' is a 2004 Indian Kannada-language horror film directed by Seetharam Karanth and starring Saurav, [[Neethu|Neetha]] and [[H. G. Dattatreya|Dattatreya]]. The film is based on a true incident that happened in a house in [[Haladi]]. The film was released on 10 December 2004 along with ''Praana''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/chow_new_release.asp|title='Banning' mantra in Karnataka…|date=2004|work=Viggy|access-date=2023-12-14|archive-date=2023-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214064410/http://www.viggy.com/english/chow_new_release.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Saurav as Gundu
* [[Neethu|Neetha]] as Geethu
* Bhanuprakash as Bhanu
* Jayaram Shetty as Shiva
* Netra Sindhiya as Madhu
* Raghavendra Kamath as Appi
*[[H. G. Dattatreya|Dattatreya]] as Haladi Nagappa’s ghost
* Suresh Sharma
*[[Dhruv Sharma]] as Sneha's lover
*Srividya
*Raghavendra Maiyya
}}

== Production ==
The film was shot in Raghavendra Maiyya's eight-hundred-year-old house. [[Havigannada dialect|Havyaka Kannada]] and [[Tala-Maddale]] were used in the film.<ref name="D">{{cite web |last1=Deepak |first1=S. N. |title=Yahoo |url=http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep122004/mr4.asp |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |accessdate=9 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304125939/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep122004/mr4.asp |archivedate=4 March 2006 |date=12 September 2004 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "The director has taken care neither to justify the existence of ghosts nor their absence. He has left to the audience to decide. Five films released so far (''Sagari, Kanakambari, Bidalare, Aptha Mithra'' and now ''Yahoo'') have stories related to ghosts. But among all these, surely, the ghost in this film, is intelligent".<ref name="D"/>

A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "Dattatreya as Haladi Nagappa’s ghost who appears after interval has done his role convincingly. The highlight of the film is the camerawork of Makarand Joshi who has lend credence to the suspense and horror with perfect lighting. The background eerie music of M. N. Kripakar is impressive while songs are just ok. The performances of Saurav, Neetha and Dhruva Sharma in a small role are all good".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=13568843&ctid=5&cid=2427|title=Review: Yahoo|work=[[Sify]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225090126/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=13568843&ctid=5&cid=2427|archive-date=25 December 2004|url-status=dead|author=Moviebuzz}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:Indian horror films]]
[[Category:2004 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2004 Indian films]]
[[Category:2004 horror films]]

Vannakili

2026-03-04T05:00:38Z

Svetlbwz: improved article

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vannakili.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. R. Raghunath]]
| writer = R. Venkatachalam
| producer = [[T. R. Sundaram]]
| starring = [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] [[Prem Nazir]] [[B. S. Saroja]] [[T. R. Ramachandran]]
| cinematography = R. Sampath
| editing = S. A. Murugesh
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| studio = [[Modern Theatres]]
| released = {{film date|1959|4|3|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vannakili''''' ({{Translation|Coloured Parrot}}) is a 1959 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film, directed by [[T. R. Raghunath]] and produced by [[T. R. Sundaram]] of [[Modern Theatres]]. The film stars [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]], [[Prem Nazir]], [[B. S. Saroja]] and [[T. R. Ramachandran]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=1959 – வண்ணக்கிளி – தி மாடர்ன் தியேட்டர்ஸ் |trans-title=1959 – Vannakili – The Modern Theatres |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1959-cinedetails47.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210807062058/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1959-cinedetails47.asp |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=30 April 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> It was released on 3 April 1959, and became a success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2024 |title=மாடர்ன் தியேட்டர்ஸ் தந்த இசை விருந்து 'வண்ணக்கிளி'! |url=https://minnambalam.com/cinema/65-years-of-vannakili-movie-overview-a-musical-party-by-modern-theatres-by-udayasankaran-padagalingam-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241006122338/https://minnambalam.com/cinema/65-years-of-vannakili-movie-overview-a-musical-party-by-modern-theatres-by-udayasankaran-padagalingam-review/ |archive-date=6 October 2024 |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=Minnambalam |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=August 2022}}
The village landlord, a widower with a college-educated daughter Saraswathi in love with her father's farmhand Mayan, has an eye on the farmhand's sister, Vannakili. Mayan, however, declines the proposal of the landlord who suggests they could work out an exchange of alliances. Meanwhile, the village macho Poochie falls for Vannakili, kidnaps her and marries her against her wishes. A woman of strong character and old world values, she becomes the obedient wife to her husband who whips her to sing for him. She has a stepdaughter who refuses to acknowledge the new mother. With her good nature, the kind-hearted Vannakili transforms her husband and child, and solves all the problems, leading to her brother marrying the landlord's daughter.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] as Poochie
*[[Prem Nazir]] as Mayan
*[[B. S. Saroja]] as Vannakili
*[[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Natarajan
*[[D. Balasubramaniam]] as landlord
*R. M. Sethupathi as Karappan
*[[Mynavathi]] as Saraswathi
*[[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Eesal
*S. Rama Rao as Astrologer Subbaiya
*[[M. Saroja]] as Village Girl
*C. T. Rajakantham as Guest
*Kallapart T. R. Nadarajan
*[[C. K. Saraswathi]] as Natarajan's Mother
*K. K. Soundar as Police Inspector
*M. M. Jayasakthivel
*C. K. Soundirarajan
*Baby Uma as Kungumam
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vannakkili |url=https://gaana.com/album/vannakkili |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807061753/https://gaana.com/album/vannakkili |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref> Lyrics were written by [[A. Maruthakasi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vannakili Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by K V Mahadevan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/vannakili-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-k-v-mahadevan-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925130758/https://mossymart.com/product/vannakili-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-k-v-mahadevan-2/ |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=Mossymart |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vannakili 2 Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by K V Mahadevan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/vannakili-2-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-k-v-mahadevan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925170354/https://mossymart.com/product/vannakili-2-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-k-v-mahadevan/ |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=Mossymart |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Maattukara Vela" || [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || 03.21
|-
| "Chinna Chinna Pappa" || [[P. Susheela]] || 04.21
|-
| "Aathiley Thanni Vara" || Seerkazhi Govindarajan || 04.03
|-
| "Saathukkudi Chaaru" || [[S. C. Krishnan]] & [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || 03.12
|-
| "Aasai Irukkuthu" || P. Susheela || 03.36
|-
| "Adikkira Kaithan" || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] & P. Susheela || 04.09
|-
| "Chithadi Kattikittu" || S. C. Krishnan & P. Susheela || 06.07
|-
| "Aanandhamaai Ingu" || P. Susheela & Chorus || 04.03
|-
| "Vandi Urundoda" || Seerkazhi Govindarajan & P. Susheela || 04.03
|-
| "Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum" || P. Susheela || 03.20
|-
|}

== Release ==
''Vannakili'' was released on 3 April 1959,<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 April 1959 |title=Vannakili |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19590403&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=19 October 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=9 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and emerged a success.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=11 December 2009 |title=Vannakili (1959) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Vannakili-1959/article16852538.ece |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210807061828/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Vannakili-1959/article16852538.ece |archive-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Modern Theatres}}
{{T. R. Sundaram}}

[[Category:1959 Indian films]]
[[Category:1959 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Raghunath]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Janumada Jodi

2026-03-03T22:04:22Z

Svetlbwz: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{Short description|1996 Kannada film by T. S. Nagabharana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Janumada Jodi
| image = Janumada Jodi poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[T. S. Nagabharana]]
| producer = [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]
| writer = [[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]] (dialogues)
| story = [[Pannalal Patel]]
| screenplay = T. S. Nagabharana
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Malela Jeev]]''|[[Pannalal Patel]]}}
| starring = [[Shiva Rajkumar]] [[Chippy (actress)|Shilpa]]
| narrator =
| music = [[V. Manohar]]
| cinematography = [[B. C. Gowrishankar]]
| editing = T. Shashikumar
| studio = Vaishnavi Combines
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1996|11|15|df=y}}
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Janumada Jodi''''' is a 1996 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by [[T. S. Nagabharana]] and written by [[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]], based on [[Pannalal Patel]]'s 1941 [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] novel ''[[Malela Jeev]]''. The film was scripted by T. S. Nagabharana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biopic on former Karnataka CM Devaraj Urs soon |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/550095/biopic-former-karnataka-cm-devaraj.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=8 October 2020 |language=en |date=2 June 2016}}</ref> The film stars [[Shiva Rajkumar]] and [[Chippy (actress)|Shilpa]] in lead roles, while [[Pavitra Lokesh|Pavithra Lokesh]], [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] and [[Honnavalli Krishna]] plays supporting roles. The film's plot follows Krishna ([[Shiva Rajkumar]]) and Kanaka ([[Chippy Renjith|Shilpa]]), who fall in love despite belonging to different castes. The film follows the troubles they face in their love story.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karnoor |first=Maithreyi |date=2016-09-15 |title=Theatre is where my heart is |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Theatre-is-where-my-heart-is/article14982227.ece |access-date=2022-06-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The film was produced by Shiva Rajkumar's mother [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]] under the banner of Vaishnavi Combines. The film was based on the 1941 romance novel, Malela Jeev by Pannalal Patel. The book was adopted into a film once, before, in 1956 in [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarathi]]. The film features original songs composed by [[V. Manohar]]. The cinematography of the film was done by [[B. C. Gowrishankar]], while the editing was handled by T. Shashikumar. The film was made on a relatively low budget, compared to other films at the time.<ref name=":0" />

The film was released on 15 November 1996 to widespread critical acclaim. The film was the highest-grossing film of the year and was an industry hit. The film ran in all major centers for more than a year. The film won five Karnataka State Film Awards that year for- [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Shilpa), [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (V. Manohar), [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] ([[L. N. Shastry]]), [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] ([[Doddarange Gowda]]) and the [[Karnataka State Jury's Special Award|Jury's Special Award]] (Parvathamma Rajkumar). The film won four Filmfare Awards South for- [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]] (Parvathamma Rajkumar), [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]] (T. S. Nagabharana), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress]] (Shilpa) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director]] (V. Manohar).<ref name="filmfare_south3e">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3e.htm |title=Best actress |publisher=Filmfare |date=5 July 1998 |access-date=15 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980705062035/http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3e.htm |archive-date=5 July 1998 }}</ref> The film was a breakthrough for Shilpa, who went on to become one of the most sought after actresses in Kannada cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Athira |date=2017-02-09 |title='I want to do a negative role' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/%E2%80%98I-want-to-do-a-negative-role%E2%80%99/article17281018.ece |access-date=2022-06-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as Krishna
* [[Chippy (actress)|Shilpa]] as Kanaka
* Enagi Balappa as a ''Swami''
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Mani
* [[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]], as Singarigowda
* [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] as Tammadi
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]] as Bangaru
* [[Karibasavaiah]] as Andani
* [[Mandya Ramesh]]
* [[Arun Sagar]]
* Krishnegowda
* Ashok
* Prakash Shenoy
* Radha Ramachandra
* Jyothi Gurucharan
* [[Shani Mahadevappa]]
{{colend}}

==Production==
Popular Malayalam actress [[Chippy (actress)|Chippy]] made her Kannada debut with this film. Cinematographer [[B. C. Gowrishankar]] picturised the song "Mani Mani" in the sunset for nine days as the sunset lasted for only a few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec052004/enter1.asp |title=Camera was his magic wand - Deccan Herald |access-date=27 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113032624/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec052004/enter1.asp |archive-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Stage actor [[Mandya Ramesh]] also made his acting debut with this film.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karnoor |first1=Maithreyi |title=Theatre is where my heart is |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Theatre-is-where-my-heart-is/article14982227.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=16 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mandya Ramesh Visits |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/May132008/district2008051267622.asp |publisher=Deccan Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128050720/http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/May132008/district2008051267622.asp |archive-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>

The film was shot in Mahadevapura near Mysore.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana |url=https://cdn.kstdc.co/uploads/2020/01/Filmi_Hi_RES_compressed.pdf |title=Filmi Escapes in Karnataka |publisher=Lonely Planet |page=7 |chapter=Best of Karnataka |access-date=4 July 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318102230/https://cdn.kstdc.co/uploads/2020/01/Filmi_Hi_RES_compressed.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Praising Parvathamma's finance management skills, director Nagabharana recalled that she had hired two production managers who would give the estimated expense of each of the scenes conceived by him. She would add an additional 20 per cent on that and would ask the technicians whether it would be sufficient. Once the budget was agreed upon, she would see that it was never overshot.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Suresh |first1=Sunayana |title=Regularised market, homework, disciplined making and cinema education is the need of the hour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/regularised-market-homework-disciplined-making-and-cinema-education-is-the-need-of-the-hour/articleshow/65563495.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en |date=28 August 2018}}</ref>

==Release==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 1
| total_width = 140
| align = right
| image1 =Jjodi.jpg
| width1 = 1000
| height1 = 1200
| image2 = Jjodi2.jpg
| width2 = 1000
| height2 = 1200
}}
The film was released on 15 November 1996 to highly positive reviews.

The film had a theatrical run of more than 365 days in maximum centres across [[Hubbali]], [[Belgavi]] and [[Bijapur]]. Janumada Jodi holds the record for [[silver jubilee|silver jubilee run]] in maximum number (5) of film halls in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shivarajkumar hits and flops|url=http://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/hit-percentage-hit-quotient-of-actors.6048/|date=15 November 2014|access-date=25 June 2020|website=sandalwoodking.rocks|last=SubashChandra Gandhi|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905060616/https://www.sandalwoodking.rocks/threads/hit-percentage-hit-quotient-of-actors.6048/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> According to director Nagabharana, the movie saw a combined run of 2 years in 25 centres.<ref>{{cite web | title=T S Nagabharana : ಜನುಮದ ಜೋಡಿ ಫಿಲ್ಮ್ ರಿಲೀಸ್ ಆದಾಗ | Puneeth Rajkumar | NewsFirst Kannada | website=[[YouTube]] | date=10 November 2021 | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kR1llOldWKc }}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
{| class="wikitable"
! Award
! Award category - Winner
! Ref.
|-
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[44th Filmfare Awards South]] || [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]] - [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]] (Producer) [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]] - [[T. S. Nagabharana]] [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada]] - [[Chippy (actress)|Shilpa]] [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director]] - [[V. Manohar]]||<ref name="filmfare_south3e"/>
|-
| [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] ||[[Karnataka State Jury's Special Award|Jury's Special Award]] - [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]] (Producer) [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress]] - [[Chippy (actress)|Shilpa]] [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] - [[V. Manohar]] [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] - [[L. N. Shastry]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.akkaonline.org/rasamanjari/ArtistsProfile.pdf | title=Artists Profiles | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025629/http://www.akkaonline.org/rasamanjari/ArtistsProfile.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] - [[Doddarange Gowda]] ( "Kolumande Jangama" )||<ref>{{cite news|title='I want to do a negative role'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/‘I-want-to-do-a-negative-role’/article17281018.ece|work=The Hindu|date=9 February 2017 |access-date=2 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402084024/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/%E2%80%98I-want-to-do-a-negative-role%E2%80%99/article17281018.ece|archive-date=2 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Legacy==
The film became a subject for study in the humanities by an American University.<ref>{{cite web|title=Janumada Jodi in American University|url=http://www.shruthalaya.com/janumada_jodi_body.htmI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302234138/http://www.shruthalaya.com/janumada_jodi_body.htmI|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> [[Amala Akkineni]] once mentioned that when her son [[Akhil Akkineni]] was a kid, he could sleep only by listening to the song ''Kolumande Jangama''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/kannada-interview/shivarajkumar-vedha-zee5-jailer-captain-miller-i-want-to-keep-doing-films | title=As Long as There is a Demand for Me, I Want to Keep Doing Films: Shivarajkumar | date=2 February 2023 }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Janumada Jodi
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[V. Manohar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1996
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=42|s=29}}
| label = Akash Audio
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[V. Manohar]] composed the film's [[Film score|background score]] and music for its soundtrack, while also writing the lyrics for some tracks. The soundtrack album comprises nine tracks. All the tracks of the album were chartbusters. The film was a musical hit.<ref>{{cite web |title=Janumada Jodi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by V. Manohar |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/janumada-jodi-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1070226557 |website=Apple Music |access-date=8 October 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref> The tune of the song ''Kolumande Jangama'' was used as ''Jai Veeranjaneya'' in the Telugu movie ''[[Idiot (2002 film)|Idiot]]'' which was a remake of another Kannada movie ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=F_hGk1uRazQCQaXJ&v=psqi_rNm3u8&feature=youtu.be | title=Jai Veeranjaneya Video Song - Idiot Movie - Ravi Teja | Rakshita | Puri Jagannadh | Chakri | website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 June 2015 }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 42:29
| title1 = Aarathi Annammange
| lyrics1 = [[Doddarange Gowda]]
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| length1 = 4:25
| title2 = Dehavendare O Manuja
| lyrics2 = [[V. Manohar]]
| extra2 = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
| length2 = 4:52
| title3 = Ivan Yaara Magano
| lyrics3 = V. Manohar
| extra3 = Rajesh Krishnan, Manjula Gururaj
| length3 = 4:51
| title4 = Januma Jodi Aadaru
| lyrics4 = V. Manohar
| extra4 = Rajkumar
| length4 = 4:47
| title5 = Janumada Jodi Neenu
| lyrics5 = Doddarange Gowda
| extra5 = Rajesh Krishnan, Manjula Gururaj
| length5 = 5:02
| title6 = Kolumande Jangama
| lyrics6 = Doddarange Gowda
| extra6 = [[L. N. Shastri]]
| length6 = 4:29
| title7 = Mani Mani Mani
| lyrics7 = [[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]]
| extra7 = [[Shiva Rajkumar]], Manjula Gururaj
| length7 = 5:02
| title8 = Oora Dyavre
| lyrics8 = V. Manohar
| extra8 = Manjula Gururaj
| length8 = 4:45
| title9 = Seere Seere Seere
| lyrics9 = Sriranga
| extra9 = [[Sangeetha Katti]]
| length9 = 4:16
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt0245978}}

{{T. S. Nagabharana}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:1996 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. S. Nagabharana]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Manohar]]
[[Category:Films based on romance novels]]
[[Category:1996 romantic drama films]]

Bubblegum (film)

2026-03-03T09:18:20Z

Svetlbwz: Added entry!

{{Short description|2023 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Bubblegum (2023 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ravikanth Perepu]]
| screenplay =
| story = {{plain list|
*Ravikanth Perepu
*Vishnu Kondur
*Seri-Ganni
}}
| writer = Ravikanth Perepu
| producer = P. Vimala
| starring = {{plain list|
*Roshan Kanakala
*Maanasa Chowdary
*[[Harsha Chemudu]]
*Kiran Macha
*Anannyaa Akulaa
}}
| cinematography = Suresh Ragutu
| editing = Ravikanth Perepu K. Balakrishna Reddy Balu Manoj D. Seri-Ganni
| music = [[Sricharan Pakala]]
| studio = {{plain list|
*Maheshwari Movies
*People Media Factory}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|12|29}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
}}
'''''Bubblegum''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic drama]] film directed by [[Ravikanth Perepu]] and produced by Maheshwari Movies and People Media Factory.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/mar/15/ravikanth-perepu-announces-his-next-directorial-41119.html | title=Ravikanth Perepu announces his next directorial | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=15 March 2023 | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=22 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322222835/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/mar/15/ravikanth-perepu-announces-his-next-directorial-41119.html | url-status=live }}</ref> It stars Roshan Kanakala, Maanasa Choudhary, Chaitu Jonnalagadda, [[Harsha Chemudu]], Anannyaa Akulaa, [[Anu Hasan]], Kiran Macha in lead roles. The film was theatrically released in India on 29 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/dec/23/bubblegum-finishes-censor-formalities-50653.html | title=Bubblegum finishes censor formalities | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=23 December 2023 | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=16 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116131802/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/dec/23/bubblegum-finishes-censor-formalities-50653.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/roshan-kanakala-speaks-about-dark-skin-guy-becoming-hero-gets-emotional-846672 | title=Roshan Kanakala speaks about dark skin guy becoming hero; gets emotional | date=25 December 2023 | work=The Hans India | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=7 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107081650/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/roshan-kanakala-speaks-about-dark-skin-guy-becoming-hero-gets-emotional-846672 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
Sai Aditya, also known as Adhi (Roshan Kanakala), is an ordinary guy with a passion for becoming a DJ. His life takes an unexpected turn when he crosses paths with Jahnavi (Maanasa Choudhary), a girl from an affluent background. The two fall deeply in love, but their romantic journey takes a tumultuous twist when a pivotal event occurs, testing the strength of their relationship. The narrative unfolds as it explores the aftermath of this event, questioning whether Adhi and Jahnavi choose to part ways or if they attempt to reconcile against all odds.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*Roshan Kanakala as Sai Aditya "Aadi"
*Maanasa Choudhary as Jhanvi "Jaanu"
*[[Harsha Vardhan]] as Vishwanath, Jhanavi's father
*[[Anu Hasan]] as Neelima, Jhanavi's mother
*Chaitanya Jonnalagadda as Yadagiri, Sai Aditya's father
*Bindu Chandramouli, Sai Aditya's mother
*[[Harsha Chemudu]] as Madman
*Anannyaa Akulaa as Bujji
*Kiran Macha as Asif
*Vishnu Kondur
*Akshita Setty
*Sanjay Duggu
*Faima as Jhanavi's maid
*Lobo as a chef
*Naveen Thomas
*[[Brahmanandam]] in a special appearance
}}

==Soundtrack==

The music and background score is composed by [[Sricharan Pakala]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/sricharan-pakala-on-bubblegum-working-with-friends-is-difficult-they-catch-your-bluff-exclusive/01e0364c16472 | title=Sricharan Pakala on Bubblegum - Working with friends is difficult, they catch your bluff | Exclusive | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=16 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116131902/https://www.ottplay.com/interview/sricharan-pakala-on-bubblegum-working-with-friends-is-difficult-they-catch-your-bluff-exclusive/01e0364c16472 | url-status=live }}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by [[Sony Music South]].{{cn|date=March 2024}}

==Release==

''Bubblegum'' had a worldwide theatrical release on 29 December 2023.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

The [[digital streaming]] of the film was sold to [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]. The film was made available from 9 February 2024 in Telugu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bubble-gum-ott-release-date-heres-when-and-where-to-stream-the-roshan-kanakala-youthful-drama/a1189e00a1191 |title=Bubblegum Ott release |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref>

It received an 'A' certificate by CBFC due to profanity.

==Reception==

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "Bubblegum title doesn't allude to a saccharine romance but rather emphasizes how romance, initially delightful, can become as adhesive as bubblegum, challenging to extricate oneself from even if the desire to do so exists."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bubblegum-telugu-movie-review-an-imperfect-but-interesting-film-about-young-love-and-aspirations/article67686498.ece | title='Bubblegum' movie review: An imperfect but interesting film about young love and aspirations | newspaper=The Hindu | date=29 December 2023 | last1=Dundoo | first1=Sangeetha Devi | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115034950/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bubblegum-telugu-movie-review-an-imperfect-but-interesting-film-about-young-love-and-aspirations/article67686498.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote that "Bubblegum takes on the complicated stuff—love, ambition, and self-respect. It goes through the usual romance and drama, but does it in a new way with great acting. It's a movie worth watching."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/bubblegum/movie-review/106370156.cms | title=Bubblegum Movie Review : A Tale of Romance, Dreams, and Drama | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115151554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/bubblegum/movie-review/106370156.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

Chandu Donkana of ''[[Sakshi Post]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The storyline takes a departure from conventional love tales, unfolding a love track that advances with limited emotional resonance, predominantly fueled by desires rather than profound feelings."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bubblegum-movie-2023-review-and-rating-telugu-1899282 | title=Bubblegum Review: 'బబుల్ గమ్' సినిమా రివ్యూ | language=Telugu | trans-title=Bubblegum Review | date=29 December 2023 | work=Sakshi Post | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=30 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230090410/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bubblegum-movie-2023-review-and-rating-telugu-1899282 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Abhilasha Cherukuri of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars that stated "The film, starting slow with generic elements and stereotypes, gains momentum post-interval with a compelling redemption arc. Lead actor Roshan delivers a charming debut, and Jayram Eeshwar's memorable performance adds depth to the recurring theme of incomplete love stories in director Ravikanth Perepu's films."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2024/jan/01/bubblegum-movie-review-a-romance-anchored-by-conflicts-that-put-the-new-in-new-age-50849.html | title=Bubblegum Movie Review : A romance anchored by conflicts that put the new in new-age | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=January 2024 | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=16 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116131856/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2024/jan/01/bubblegum-movie-review-a-romance-anchored-by-conflicts-that-put-the-new-in-new-age-50849.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

Nelki Naresh Kumar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote that "Bubble Gum emerges as a modern love story. Despite a somewhat conventional plot, the film distinguishes itself through its bold and audacious content, catering specifically to the preferences of the youthful audience."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bubblegum-movie-review-roshan-kanakala-romantic-love-entertainer-movie-review-121703824316929.html | title=Bubblegum Movie Review | work=Hindustan Times | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=16 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116170026/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bubblegum-movie-review-roshan-kanakala-romantic-love-entertainer-movie-review-121703824316929.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Bhargav Chaganti of [[NTV Telugu]] gave the film 2.5/5 stated “Bubble Gum, struggles with clichéd romance and forced comedy, despite some impressive moments in the love track and an impactful Interval Bang. The film lacks depth in establishing the reasons for the characters’ love, leaving the overall narrative with a routine feel."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/roshan-kanakala-bubblegum-movie-review-and-rating-in-telugu-511060.html | title=Bubblegum Review: యాంకర్ సుమ కొడుకు రోషన్ బబుల్ గమ్ రివ్యూ | language=Telugu | trans-title=Bubblegum Review | date=29 December 2023 | publisher=NTV Telugu | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=16 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116131906/https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/roshan-kanakala-bubblegum-movie-review-and-rating-in-telugu-511060.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Eenadu]]'' stated that
Commencing with a "Bubblegum-like blandness, the story unfolds slowly, gradually revealing a touch of sweetness towards the end. However, it falls short in the novelty department, with a lackluster first half dragging down the overall appeal."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/bubblegum-movie-review-in-telugu/0203/123241455 | title=Bubblegum Review: రివ్యూ: రాజీవ్‌ కనకాల, సుమ తనయుడి బ‌బుల్‌గ‌మ్‌ మూవీ మెప్పించిందా? | language=Telugu | trans-title=Bubblegum Movie Review | work=Eenadu | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=16 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116165910/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/bubblegum-movie-review-in-telugu/0203/123241455 | url-status=live }}</ref>

A critic from [[V6 News]] wrote that "Love, resembling the journey of bubblegum, begins with chewing but transforms into a lingering challenge, symbolized by its adhesive persistence under shoes and on theater seats."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.v6velugu.com/roshan-kanakala-bubblegum-movie-review-in-telugu | title=Bubblegum Movie Review: యాంకర్ సుమ కొడుకు ఫస్ట్ మూవీ ఎలా ఉందంటే? | language=Telugu | trans-title=Anchor Suma son's Movie Review | date=29 December 2023 | publisher=V6 News | access-date=16 January 2024 | archive-date=30 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230014504/https://www.v6velugu.com/roshan-kanakala-bubblegum-movie-review-in-telugu | url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|29436996}}
* [https://www.airtelxstream.in/movies/bubblegum/AHA_MOVIE_95DBA381-B11B-4EE8-8F82-88030F344350 Bubblegum] at [https://www.airtelxstream.in/ Airtel Xstream Play]

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:People Media Factory films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sricharan Pakala]]

Vehicle registration plates of India

2026-02-24T21:37:49Z

Svetlbwz: small edit

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox vehicle registration plate
| name = Vehicle registration plates of India
| image = Indian Vehicle Registration Plate - Kolkata 2011-07-29 4088 (cropped).JPG
| caption = High Security Registration Plate (HSRP) for a private LMV
| nickname = HSRP
| country = {{flag|India}}
| countrycode = IND
| size = {{plainlist|
*'''34 cm x 20 cm'''
*Medium & Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MCV, HCV)
*'''50 cm x 12 cm'''
*Light Motor Vehicle (LMV)
*'''20 cm x 10 cm'''
*Two-wheeler (Rear)
*Tractor (Rear)
*Three-wheeler
*'''28.5 cm x 4.5 cm'''
*Two-wheeler (Front)
*Tractor (Front)
}}
| material = [[Aluminium]] with [[Chromium]] hologram
| serial_format = Refer section {{Pslink|Private and commercial vehicles}}
{{plainlist|
*'''Special formats:'''
*{{Pslink|VA (Vintage) series}}
*{{Pslink|BH (Bharat) series}}
}}
| current_start_date = {{start date and age|2005|df=y|p=y}}
| front = Mandatory
| rear = Mandatory
| colour front = Refer section {{Pslink|Colour coding}}
| colour rear = Refer section {{Pslink|Colour coding}}
| designer = [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
| issuer = [[Regional Transport Office]] of relevant district
| manufacturer = Vendors authorised by [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
| start_date = {{start date and age|1947|08|df=y|p=y}}
}}

All motorised vehicles (and trailers) plying on public roads in [[India]] are tagged with a unique registration or licence number. The [[vehicle registration plate]] (known colloquially as '''number plate''') is issued by a [[Regional Transport Office]] (RTO), the district-level authority on vehicular matters in the respective state or [[Union territory|Union Territory]]. Registration plates are also issued by Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] and [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] where applicable. The number plates are mandatory on both front and rear of the vehicle and are required to be in modern [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system|Hindu-Arabic numerals]] with [[latin letters]].<ref name="numplateseng">{{cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/50-1235607625.pdf|title=Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989, Rule-50(2)(d)|year=1989|publisher=[[Government of India]] - Ministry of Road Transport & Highways|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref> Complete specification of registration plates are specified under the {{Pslink|HSRP: High security registration plate}} rules.

The [[international vehicle registration code]] for India is '''IND'''.

==Colour coding==
Registration plates are specified in multiple combinations of text colour and background colour to distinctively identify different categories of vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-07-18 |title=Notification GSR 512 (E) regarding HSRP |url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/notifications_document/Draft_Notification_No.G.S.R._512(E)_dated_18.07.2019_regarding_High_Security_Registration_Plate%C2%A0(330KB,%C2%A0.pdf |access-date=2024-04-08 |publisher=[[Government of India]] - Ministry of Road Transport & Highways}}</ref>

Following combinations have been specified:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Vehicle Category
!Sub-category (if any)
!Text Colour
!Background Colour
!Example
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Permanent Registration'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Private
| -
|Black
|White
|'''AN 01 Z 0123'''
|-
|Electric
|White
|Green
|'''AN 01 Z 0123'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Commercial (Transport)
| -
|Black
|Yellow
|'''AN 01 Z 0123'''
|-
|Electric
|Yellow
|Green
|'''AN 01 Z 0123'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |Commercial (Rental)
| -
|Yellow
|Black
|'''AN 01 Z 0123'''
|-
|Electric
|Black
|Green
|'''AN 01 Z 0123'''
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian Armed Forces]]
| -
| rowspan="2" |White
|Black
|'''↑24B 123456Z'''
|-
|Electric<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-11-21 |title=Indian Air Force Inducts Tata Nexon EV |url=https://www.mobilityoutlook.com/news/indian-air-force-inducts-tata-nexon-ev/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |publisher=Mobility Outlook Bureau}}</ref>
|Green
|'''↑24B 123456Z'''
|-
| [[Corps of Military Police (India)|Military Police]]
|Red
|White
|'''↑24B 123456Z'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Diplomatic mission]]
|Embassy, [[United Nations]], or [https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a2 international organisation]
|White
| rowspan="2" |Blue
|'''199 CD 99''' '''99 UN 99''' '''99 IOD 99'''
|-
|Consulate
|Yellow
|'''199 CC 0123'''
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Non-permanent Registration'''
|-
|Temporary (awaiting permanent)
| -
|Red
|Yellow
|'''T0124AN0123A'''
|-
|Trade (Manufacturers, dealers etc.)
| -
|White
|Red
|'''AN01C0123TC0123'''
|}

For colour coding no longer in use, refer section {{Pslink|Historical colour coding}}.

==Permanent registration format==

===Private and commercial vehicles===

[[File:HSRP Format.jpg|thumb|Default registration format for private and commercial vehicles as per Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.]]
The current format for the registration of private and commercial came into force on 1 July 1989 as part of [[Motor Vehicles Act|Motor Vehicles Act, 1988]]. The format consists of four parts:
* {{Pslink|Part 1: Two-letter state code}}; two letters which indicates the State or Union Territory in which the vehicle is registered.
* {{Pslink|Part 2: RTO number}}; a two-digit number allocated to a district RTO within the respective state or Union Territory. Due to heavy volume of vehicle registration, unique numbers may be allocated to multiple [[Regional Transport Office|RTO]]s within a single district.
* {{Pslink|Part 3: Single or multiple letters}}; consists of one, two or three letters or may not exist at all. These show the ongoing registration ''series'' of respective RTO and can indirectly indicate the number of registered vehicles (in some cases, also indicate vehicle type). The letters 'O' and 'I' are not used here to avoid confusion with digits 0 or 1.
* {{Pslink|Part 4: Unique number between 1 and 9999}}; issued sequentially and unique to each registration.

The advantage with this format is that the state and district of a particular vehicle is immediately identifiable. This can be useful in e.g. a police investigation as witnesses usually remember the initial few characters.

Vintage series (VA) and Bharat series (BH) registration have their own unique format. For formats prior to 1 July 1989, refer section {{Pslink|Historical registration formats}}.

==== VA (Vintage) series====

[[File:Sample vehicle registration plate VA series India.jpg|thumb|Sample VA-series vehicle registration plate, for a vehicle registered in Maharashtra.]]

On 15 July 2021, the Ministry of Road Transport issued a notification<ref>{{cite web|url=https://transport.mizoram.gov.in/uploads/attachments/2022/02/bdb3aa64497128ccae2fdbd7cc9ab28c/gsr-492e-dt-15-july-2021-vintage-motor-vehicles-rules.pdf|title=Vintage Motor Vehicle Rules |year=2021|publisher=[[Government of India]] - Ministry of Road Transport & Highways|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref> regarding a special registration process for vintage vehicles. It was introduced to provide exemption from various pollution and scrappage norms and thus, facilitate promotion of heritage of vintage vehicles. A vehicle is eligible for this registration process if it fulfils following criteria:
* Two-wheeler or car (specifically, [[Vehicle category|categories]] L1, L2 and M1)
* More than 50 years have passed since first registration
* Vehicle is maintained in its original form

Vintage series registration however restricts free usage of the vehicle. Vehicle may only be used for specific purposes on public roads (e.g. vintage car rally) and not for generic private or commercial use. VA-series registration has a unique format:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:18em; text-align: center"
|+Vintage Registration Format
|-
| ''' AB VA XX 1234 '''
|}
Characters are representative of following:
* ''''AB'''': {{Pslink|Part 1: Two-letter state code}}; two letters which indicates the State or Union Territory in which the vehicle is registered
* ''''VA'''': Short for ‘Vintage’
* ''''XX'''': Two letter sequence, starting from ‘AA’, followed by ‘AB’ and so on. 'O' and 'I' are not used here to avoid confusion with the digits 0 or 1
* ''''1234'''': {{Pslink|Part 4: Unique number between 1 and 9999}}

==== BH (Bharat) series====
[[File:BH- Series number plate.png|alt=A vehicle registered under BH-series.|thumb|245x245px|Sample BH-series vehicle registration plate, for a vehicle registered in 2021.]]

On 26 August 2021, the Ministry of Road Transport issued a notification<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 September 2021 |title=Central Motor Vehicles (Twentieth Amendment) Rules, 2021 |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReaddata/2021/229283.pdf}}</ref> regarding a unified pan-India registration of private vehicles. This special registration process was introduced to ease inter-state mobility by eliminating the hassles of re-registering a vehicle when its owner relocates to a new state or Union Territory.

BH-series registration can be issued to public sector employees of central and state governments, and also to private sector employees of firms with offices in four or more states or union territories.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharat series vehicle registration: Here's how to get a BH plate and its benefits |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/bharat-series-vehicle-registration-heres-how-to-get-a-bh-plate-and-its-benefits-10426281.html |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=3 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> BH-series registration follows a unique format:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:18em; text-align: center"
|+Bharat Registration Format
|-
| ''' 12 BH 3456 XX'''
|}
Characters are representative of following:
* ''''12'''': Represents the last two digits of the year in which the vehicle was registered, e.g. '22' for a vehicle registered in 2022
* ''''BH'''': Short for [[Names for India|Bharat]] ([[Hindi]]: {{lang|hi|भारत}})
* ''''3456'''': Unique number between 1 and 9999, issued randomly
* ''''XX'''': One or two letters. Sequence starting from ‘A’, followed by ‘B’ and so on. 'O' and 'I' are not used here to avoid confusion with the digits 0 or 1

===Vehicles of Indian Armed Forces===
[[File:Military Vehicle Registration plate-India.jpg|thumb|Registration plate of an Indian military vehicle procured in 2002]]
Registration of vehicles belonging to [[Indian Armed Forces]] (Army, Navy and Air Force) is administered by Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]. Following registration format is used:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:17em; text-align: center"
|+Armed Forces Registration Format
|-
| ''' ↑ 01Z 012345A '''
|}

Characters are representative of following:
* ''''↑'''': The first character is an upward-pointing [[Broad Arrow]], whose origins lie in the UK Office of Ordnance.
* ''''01'''': Represents the last two digits of the year in which the armed forces procured the vehicle, e.g. '22' for a vehicle procured in 2022.
* ''''Z'''': Represents the type or class of vehicle:
**A - Motorised two-wheelers (e.g. motorcycles)
**B - LMV i.e. Light Motor Vehicle (e.g. passenger cars)
**C - Truck (<3 tonnes) or pick-up truck
**D - Truck (>3 tonnes)
**E - High Mobility vehicle (i.e. Multi-axle driven trucks: 4x4, 6x6 and so on)
**F - Light specialist vehicle (e.g. ATVs, [[Mahindra Armored Light Specialist Vehicle|Mahindra Armado]], [[Sherp|ATOR N1200]])
**G - Trailer
**H - Truck with material handling capability (e.g. Tata LPTA 2038C)
**J - Snow removal vehicle
**K - Ambulance
**P - Generic support vehicles (e.g. Bus, Fire Truck, Tanker, Recovery Vehicle etc.)
**Q - Construction vehicles (e.g. Backhoe loader)
**R - Customised Vehicles for niche application (e.g. [[Ordnance Factory Board Mine Protected Vehicle|Mine Protected Vehicle]], missile launchers, tactical communication equipment etc.)
**X - Active Combat Vehicle (e.g. tank, armoured personnel carrier)
* ''''012345'''': Six digit unique serial number
* ''''A'''': Last character is a [[Check digit|check letter]].

===Vehicles of diplomatic missions===

[[File:Diplomatic Vehicle Registration Plate India.jpg|thumb|Registration plate of a vehicle belonging to diplomatic mission of The Netherlands]]
Registration of vehicles belonging to a diplomatic mission is carried out by Indian [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]. Following registration format is used:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:19em; text-align: center"
|+Diplomatic Mission Registration Format
|-
| ''' 123 XX 4567 '''
|}
Characters are representative of following:
* ''''123'''': Unique number of atmost 3 digits allocated to the diplomatic mission by the Ministry of External Affairs (see list below). [[Leading zero]] is not used.
* ''''XX'''': Represents the type of mission to which the vehicle is registered:
** 'CD' which is short for [[corps diplomatique]], for vehicles registered to an [[embassy]]
** 'CC' which is short for [[Consular corps|corps consulaire]], for vehicles registered to a [[consulate]]
** 'UN' which is short for [[United Nations]], for vehicles registered to one of the UN missions
** 'IOD' which is short for 'International Organisation Diplomat', for vehicles registered to international organisations (apart from the UN) which are recognised by Ministry of External Affairs. List of these organisations is available [https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a2 here]
* ''''4567'''': Unique number of atmost 4 digits issued sequentially (leading zeroes are not used)
** Number '1' is reserved for vehicle(s) used by the head of respective diplomatic mission e.g. an ambassador. To distinguish multiple vehicles of the head of mission, a suffix is added e.g. '1A', '1B' and so on.

Vehicles belonging to diplomatic missions are granted the level of [[diplomatic immunity]] or [[consular immunity]] corresponding to whom the vehicle has been attributed to by the Ministry of External Affairs. Immunity is void if a ''UN'', ''CD'' or ''CC'' vehicle is driven in absence of an accredited member of the diplomatic or consular corps.

Unique numbers allocated to different diplomatic missions for the ''CD'' and ''CC'' registrations:
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|- style="background:gold;"
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |Number
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" |Country
|-
|1
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|-
|2
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|-
|3
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|4
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|-
|5
|{{flag|Australia}}
|-
|6
|{{flag|Austria}}
|-
|7
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|-
|8
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|-
|9
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|-
|10
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|11
|{{flagicon|Britain}} Britain ([[United Kingdom]])
|-
|12
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|-
|13
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|-
|14
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|-
|15
|{{flag|Canada}}
|-
|16
|{{flag|Chile}}
|-
|17
|{{flag|China}}
|-
|18
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|-
|19
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|-
|20
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|-
|21
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|-
|22
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|-
|23
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|-
|24
|{{flag|Finland}}
|-
|25
|{{flag|France}}
|-
|26
|{{flag|Angola}}
|-
|27
|{{flag|Germany}}
|-
|28
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|-
|29
|{{flag|Greece}}
|-
|30
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|-
|31
|{{flagicon|Holy See}}Holy See ([[Vatican City]])
|-
|32
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|-
|33
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|-
|34
|{{flag|Iran}}
|-
|35
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|-
|36
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|-
|37
|{{flag|Italy}}
|-
|38
|{{flag|Japan}}
|-
|39
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|-
|40
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|-
|41
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|-
|42
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|-
|43
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|-
|44
|{{flag|Laos}}
|-
|45
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|-
|46
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|-
|47
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|-
|48
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|-
|49
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|-
|50
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|-
|51
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|-
|52
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|-
|53
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|-
|54
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|-
|55
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|-
|56
|{{flag|Poland}}
|-
|57
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|-
|58
|{{flag|Romania}}
|-
|59
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|-
|60
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|-
|61
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|-
|62
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|-
|63
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|-
|64
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|-
|65
|{{flag|Spain}}
|-
|66
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|-
|67
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|-
|68
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|-
|69
|{{flag|Syria}}
|-
|70
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|-
|71
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|-
|72
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|-
|73
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|-
|74
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|-
|75
|{{flag|Russia}}
|-
|76
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|-
|77
|{{flag|United States}}
|-
|78
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|-
|79
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|-
|80
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|-
|84
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|-
|85
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|-
|87
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|-
|89
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|-
|93
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|-
|94
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|-
|95
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|97
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|-
|98
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|-
|99
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|-
|102
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|-
|105
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|-
|104
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|-
|106
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|-
|109
|{{flag|Israel}}
|-
|111
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|-

|112
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|-
|113
|{{flag|Suriname }}
|-
|117
|{{flag|Luxembourg }}
|-
|119
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|-
|120
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|-
|121
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|-
|122
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|-
|123
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}
|-
|125
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|-
|126
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|-
|128
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|-
|133
|{{flag|Botswana}}
|-
|134
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|-
|135
|{{flag|Malawi}}
|-
|137
|{{flag|Malta }}
|-
|141
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|-
|145
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|-
|147
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|-
|149
|{{flag|Mali}}
|-
|152
|{{flag|Niger}}
|-
|153
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|-
|155
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|-
|156
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|-
|157
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|-
|159
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|-
|160
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|}

==Format for private and commercial vehicles==

Here is a detailed overview of the format for permanent registration of private and commercial vehicles.

===Part 1: Two-letter state code===
[[File:Two-letter state codes of India.jpg|thumb|300px|Two-letter state codes of India as used on vehicles]]

All Indian states and [[Union Territory|Union Territories]] have a designated two-letter code. This code referencing came into force on 1 July 1989 as part of [[Motor Vehicles Act|Motor Vehicles Act, 1988]]. Before that, each district or [[Regional Transport Office|RTO]] had three-letter code(s) at their disposal which did not clearly identify the state. This led to a fair degree of confusion — for example, '''MMC 0123''' could fit in anywhere in the country. To avoid this ambiguity, a unique state code was included in format.

A specific state or union territory maybe chosen to register a vehicle due to differences in the amount of taxes involved in registration process. One such example is of Puducherry, where many luxury cars have been known to be registered by residents of other states, sometimes fraudulently, leading to crackdowns by those states.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Asha |last1=Prakash |access-date=2023-01-29|title=The rise and fall of the Pondicherry (Puducherry) number plate|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-pondicherry-puducherry-number-plate/articleshow/61644946.cms|website=The Times of India|date=15 November 2017 }}</ref>

====Current codes====
Two-letter codes currently in use for different states and union territories are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
!Code
!State or Union Territory
|-
|AN
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|-
|AP
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|AR
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|-
|AS
|[[Assam]]
|-
|BR
|[[Bihar]]
|-
|CG
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|CH
|[[Chandigarh]]
|-
|DD
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
|-
|DL
|[[Delhi]]
|-
|GA
|[[Goa]]
|-
|GJ
|[[Gujarat]]
|-
|HP
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|HR
|[[Haryana]]
|-
|JH
|[[Jharkhand]]
|-
|JK
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
|KA
|[[Karnataka]]
|-
|KL
|[[Kerala]]
|-
|LA<ref name="vehicleregistrationinladakh">{{Cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214357.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-01-16 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130021437/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214357.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ladakh-vehicles-in-union-territory-to-get-new-initials-post-bifurcation-6139898/|title=Ladakh vehicles to have new initials post bifurcation|date=27 November 2019|access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>
|[[Ladakh]]
|-
|LD
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|-
|MH
|[[Maharashtra]]
|-
|ML
|[[Meghalaya]]
|-
|MN
|[[Manipur]]
|-
|MP
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|MZ
|[[Mizoram]]
|-
|NL
|[[Nagaland]]
|-
|OD
|[[Odisha]]
|-
|PB
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|-
|PY
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
|RJ
|[[Rajasthan]]
|-
|SK
|[[Sikkim]]
|-
|TG
|[[Telangana]]
|-
|TN
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|TR
|[[Tripura]]
|-
|UK
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|-
|UP
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
|WB
|[[West Bengal]]
|-
|}

====Former codes====
Codes no longer in use for new registrations but still the valid code for already registered vehicles:
{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable"
!In Active Use
!Code
!State or Union Territory
!Reason for change
|-
|22 November 2000 - 31 October 2007
|UA
|style="text-align: left;" |[[Uttarakhand|Uttaranchal]]
|style="text-align: left;" |State renamed from 'Uttaranchal' to Uttarakhand [UK]
|-
|1 July 1989 - 30 August 2012<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/new-number-plates-in-odisha-from-today/articleshow/16099553.cms |title=Number plates to sport OD|work=Times of India |access-date=29 April 2024 |date=2012-09-01}}</ref>
|OR
|style="text-align: left;" |[[Odisha|Orissa]]
|style="text-align: left;" |State renamed from 'Orissa' to Odisha [OD]
|-
|1 July 1989 - 25 January 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/notifications_document/SO%20295.pdf|title=DD Vehicle Registration Mark, Amendment in the Notification No. S.O. 295(E)|publisher=eGazette of India|access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>
|DN
|style="text-align: left;" |[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|style="text-align: left;" |Erstwhile UT merged to create new UT of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] [DD]
|-
|18 June 2014 - 14 March 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-transport-minister-ponnam-prabhakar-announces-change-from-ts-to-tg-registration-code-for-vehicles/articleshow/108505776.cms|title=TG Plates for new vehicle for Telangana from today|publisher=Times of India|access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>
|TS
|style="text-align: left;" |[[Telangana]]
|style="text-align: left;" |State code reverted to original proposal [TG]
|}

===Part 2: RTO number===
{{Main|List of RTO districts in India}}
As all states have at least two districts, the district's RTO is the authority for registering vehicles. A vehicle can be registered in a particular district if the owner has a registered residence or business entity in that district. Each RTO is allotted unique [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India|two digit number(s)]] and vehicles registered with a specific RTO have the corresponding RTO number as part of their registration number. Thus, in most cases, district of registration can be uniquely identified from the registration number. [[Andhra Pradesh]] follows a separate format and a common district number ('''AP 40''' as of 2023) is used across all districts/RTOs in the state.

Due to heavy volume of vehicle registration in highly populated districts, multiple RTOs may operate within that district, with each RTO being allotted a unique number. As an example, [[Bengaluru]] uses 11 RTOs in different parts of district, each with distinct numbers: '''KA 01''', '''KA 02''', '''KA 03''', '''KA 04''', '''KA 05''', '''KA 41''', '''KA 50''', '''KA 51''', '''KA 53''', '''KA 57''' and '''KA 59'''. In such cases, each number corresponds to a specific region within a single district.

In some cases, a number is reserved for certain category of vehicles, and a single RTO thus uses multiple numbers. As an example, [[Rohtak]] RTO (in Haryana) uses number '''HR 12''' for private vehicles and '''HR 46''' for commercial vehicles, thus both '12' and '46' correspond to Rohtak district. In some states/UTs, numbers can be reserved for even more specific categories, for example in [[Meghalaya]], '''ML 01''' is reserved for government vehicles, '''ML 02''' for police department and '''ML 03''' for state transport department. In such cases, RTO number no longer corresponds to a specific district.

Union territory and capital, [[Delhi]] has the exception of not using [[leading zero]] in the RTO numbers, and vehicle registration number can therefore start as ‘DL 1’ (instead of ‘DL 01’).

Overview of special usage of numbers in states/UTs:
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed "
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 80px;" |State/UT
! scope="col" |Remarks
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|A common district number ('''AP 40''' as of 2023) is used across all districts in the state.
|-
|Assam
|'''AS 20''' is reserved for state transport department and '''AS 30''' and '''AS 31''' is reserved for police department
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|'''CG 01''' is reserved for vehicles of office of governor, '''CG 02''' for all state government vehicles and '''CG 03''' for police department
|-
|Haryana
|Different numbers are used for commercial and private vehicles in some districts
|-
|Himachal Pradesh
|'''HP 01''' and '''HP 02''' are reserved for tourist vehicles (buses and taxis)
|-
|Kerala
|'''KL 15''' is reserved for the [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] buses
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|'''MP 01''' is reserved for vehicles of office of governor, '''MP 02''' for all state government vehicles and '''MP 03''' for police department
|-
|Meghalaya
|'''ML 01''' is reserved for government vehicles, '''ML 02''' for police department and '''ML 03''' for state transport department
|-
|Nagaland
|'''NL 10''' and '''NL 11''' is reserved for government vehicles, for non-transport and transport vehicle respectively
|-
|Punjab
|'''PB 01''' is reserved for taxis
|-
|West Bengal
|Different numbers were used earlier for commercial and private vehicles by districts
|}

===Part 3: Single or multiple letters===

The default use of letter(s) is as registration series of an RTO i.e. when initial 9999 registrations have been done and all unique 4-digit numbers used up, a prefix '''A''' is added and the number sequence reset to 1. Thus, letter(s) can indirectly indicate the number of registered vehicles (in some cases, also indicate vehicle class).

In [[Tamil Nadu]], the letter G is reserved for Government (both the Union Government of India and State Governments) vehicles and the letter N is reserved for State Transport Buses, while A to F, H to M and P to Z are for passenger vehicles of all kinds, including commercial vehicles.
For e.g. '''TN 60 AG 3333''' could be a government vehicle registered in [[Theni]], whereas a '''TN 58 N 4006''' could be a government Bus registered in [[Madurai District]].

In [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], the letter Z is reserved for the State Road Transport (APSRTC and TSRTC) buses (AP**Z, TS**Z, and so on). The letter P is reserved for the states' police vehicles. The letters T, U, V, W, X, and Y are reserved for commercial ones, continuing as TA, TB..., UA, UB... and so on, whereas the rest of the letters are reserved for private passenger vehicles of all kinds.

In [[Assam]], the letter C is used to register commercial vehicles, continuing as AC, BC, etc.

In [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], the letter '''Y''' is used for all government buses. Other letters and their combinations are used to register all kinds of private and commercial vehicles.

In [[Bihar]], all RTOs assign the letter P to passenger vehicles (Commercial vehicles and private MUVs/SUVs) and G for goods vehicles. For example, ''BR 01 PC 2433''' is a [[BSRTC]] bus in Patna. However, all registrations are common for private vehicles.

In [[Maharashtra]], the two letters in each RTO is classified for a different kind of vehicle, e.g. '''MH 14 BT''' is assigned for MSRTC buses built in the bus building facility Pimpri, '''MH 02 CR''' is for commercial vehicles in Mumbai, '''MH 10 CJ''' is for two wheelers in Sangli, '''MH 04 GM''' is for cars in Thane, '''MH 12 JK''' is for special purpose vehicles in Pune and '''MH 47 D''' is for autorickshaws in North Mumbai.

In [[Karnataka]], blank, A, B, C, D is used for commercial vehicles; T for tractors and trailers; E, H, J, K, L, Q, R, S, U, V, W, X, Y for two-wheelers; M, N, P, Z for private passenger vehicles. G is used for Government Vehicles (including police vehicles and ambulances), and F is used for KSRTC/NWKRTC/NEKRTC/BMTC buses and smaller vehicles owned by the corporation, like flying squad MUVs. Additional letters are added as each series is exhausted, e.g., M, MA, F, FA, etc.

In [[Goa]], the letter X is reserved for the State Road Transport (Kadamba Transport Corporation) buses (e.g. '''GA 03 X 0109'''). The letters T, U, V, W, Y, Z are reserved for commercial vehicles, whereas the letter G is reserved for government vehicles. Again, the two letter in each RTO is classified for a different kind of vehicle, e.g. '''GA 07 C''' is for cars in Panaji and '''GA 03 AB''' is for two wheelers in Mapusa.

In [[Uttar Pradesh]], districts use G for government vehicles and any letter for commercial. Currently most districts use T, AT, BT, etc.; some use N, AN, BN, etc., and a few use B, H, etc.

In [[Uttarakhand]], the letter C is reserved for goods vehicles, T for Taxis, P for public transport vehicles and G for government vehicles and A, B, D to O, Q to S, and U to Z for private passenger vehicles of all kinds, with an additional letter added later such as TA, CA, GA, PA and so on.

[[Sikkim]] issues the letter P as prefix for all types of private vehicles and T for taxis, J for commercial jeeps, B for buses, and Z, D for other commercial vehicles. For state transport buses, the '''SK 04 XXXX''' series of Jorethang was used and have now gone back to register them under B series.

In [[Gujarat]], government vehicles have number plate with letter G and GJ, which is reserved for government firm vehicles. (e.g. : '''GJ 18 G 5123''' and '''GJ 18 GJ 6521'''). All other letters except G are used by passenger vehicles. The letters T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z are reserved for commercial vehicles and goes on in the series AT, AU, ..., BT, BU, ..., and so on.

Also, the number series '''GJ 18 Y''' is reserved for the [[Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation]] (GSRTC) buses. '''GJ 18 V''' was used earlier. After the completion of this series '''GJ 18 Y''' was used. Currently, '''GJ 18 Z''' is in use. All other letters used for passengers. Also a letter is prefixed for usage in all classes of vehicles, e.g. '''GJ 01 J''' to '''JS''' are for two wheelers in Ahmedabad, and '''GJ 01 R''' to '''RZ''' are reserved for private four wheelers in Ahmedabad. However, after the exhaustion of private series in Ahmedabad, vehicles are being registered with the '''T''' to '''Z''' suffix pattern to meet the demand.

In [[Delhi]], the following letters are used for registration-
A for ambulances, B for mini buses, C for cars, F for numbers on demand for private vehicles, G for trucks, K for school vehicles, L for trucks, N for self-drive vehicles, P is for buses, Q for commercial three-wheelers, R for autorickshaws and radio taxis, S for two-wheelers, T for city taxis, Y for private taxis, V, W, E, U, M, Z for other commercial vehicles. '''DL 1''' at Mall Road registers only A, E, G, K, L, M, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W, Y and Z.

In [[Chandigarh]], the following letters are used for registration: T is for trucks, and G is for government vehicles.

In [[Rajasthan]], the following letters are used for registration: M, S, B for two wheelers, C for cars, P for buses, G for trucks, T for taxis and tourist passenger vehicles. Earlier, numbers between 1 and 50 were used, e.g. '''RJ 14 2M''' and '''RJ 14 6C''' were used for vehicles but now this system has been stopped.

===Part 4: Unique number between 1 and 9999===

The last four numbers are unique to the vehicle. Usually, the lower 100 numbers are government registered numbers, but it may not always be the case. Special "lucky" numbers (also called fancy numbers) such as 3333, 0001 or 6666 fetch a premium and may touch above {{INR}}1,000,000.

Prior to 2005, [[Karnataka]] used to charge {{INR}}1000 for obtaining a unique last four digit number. These numbers used to be issued either from the current running series or from one or two future series. When the numbering system was computerized, numbers could be issued from any future series. However the Karnataka RTO steeply hiked these charges to {{INR}}6,000 if the number to be obtained is in the current series, and {{INR}}25,000 if it was to be issued from a future series. It was increased again in 2010 from {{INR}}6,000 to {{INR}}20,000, and from {{INR}}25,000 to {{INR}}75,000.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://rto.kar.nic.in/fancy-regnocss.html
|title = To Obtain Advance Registration Mark (Fancy Registration Number)
|access-date = 2012-03-13
|publisher = Transport Dept, Karnataka
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120215220509/http://www.rto.kar.nic.in/fancy-regnocss.html
|archive-date = 2012-02-15
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

As of 2007, Maharashtra has increased the price of unique numbers to the range of {{INR}}25,000 to {{INR}}1,25,000. In 2012, [[Maharashtra]] increased the price from {{INR}}1,25,000 to {{INR}}2,00,000.

In [[Uttarakhand]], number 0001 and 0786 has the highest charge of {{INR}}50,000.

In [[Gujarat]], RTO is charging {{INR}}500 for 2-wheeler vehicles and {{INR}}1,000 for 4-wheeler vehicles for chosen number plate, but the chosen number plate not be unique, Ex 4521, 6523, etc. For VIP number '''1''' (4-wheeler vehicle), RTO distribute an application form to bid for unique number plate which will be attached with amount of money. The highest payer of the amount will get the unique number like '''1'''. Sometimes it takes {{INR}}2,00,000 to {{INR}}5,00,000 (maximum) for this type of number. Currently, Gujarat RTO has revised the amount for chosen number (not unique numbers like single, double digit), which is {{INR}}1000 for 2-wheeler vehicles and {{INR}}5000 for 4-wheeler vehicles.

In Andhra Pradesh the RTO Follows the Auction system for unique numbers. The highest bidder gets the number. Numbers like '''0909 0999 0099 0009''' are in high demand always and have a high premium and maximum bidders for the auction.

==Non-permanent registration format==

===Temporary registration format===

After a new vehicle is purchased and while the permanent registration number is pending, a temporary registration number is issued by [[Regional Transport Office|RTO]] of the district from where the vehicle was purchased.

[[File:Temporary vehicle registration plate India.jpg|thumb|Vehicle registration plate with temporary number, for a vehicle purchased in November 2023 in Kerala.]]

On 31 March 2021, the Ministry of Road Transport issued a notification<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-03-31 |title=Notification GSR 240 (E) Central Motor Vehicles (Sixth Amendment) Rules |url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/notifications_document/GSR%20240(E)%20dated%2031st%20March%202021%20Committee%20A%20Licensing%20of%20drivers,%20Fitness%20and%20Registration%20of%20motor%20vehicles%20%20.pdf|access-date=2024-04-18 |publisher=[[Government of India]] - Ministry of Road Transport & Highways}}</ref> regarding amendment to [[Motor Vehicles Act]]. Rule 53C in the amendment introduced a homogenised alphanumeric format for temporary registration:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:15em; text-align: center"
|+Temporary Registration Format
|-
| '''T MMYY AA 0123 ZZ'''
|}

Characters are representative of following:
* ''''T'''': Registration number always starts with character 'T' to represent 'Temporary'
* ''''MMYY'''': Reperesents the month and year in which vehicle was purchased e.g. '1223' for vehicle purchase in December 2023
* ''''AA'''': Represents the state in which vehicle is purchased, same code as specified in {{Pslink|Part 1: Two-letter State Codes}} is used
* ''''0123'''': Four digit number issued sequentially
* ''''ZZ'''': One or two letters, sequence starting from ‘A’, followed by ‘B’ and so on. 'O' and 'I' are not used here to avoid confusion with the digits 0 or 1.

'''Example''': ''T1123LA0123A'' for a vehicle purchased in Ladakh in November 2023

Temporary registration has a validity of up to six months, states however may use a stricter validity time. During this period owner must obtain a permanent registration from the RTO of their choosing. Some states may only allow limited use of vehicles with temporary registration.

To register a vehicle, it may need to be presented to the RTO, where a Motor Vehicle Inspector will verify the applicant's address and other details, confirm that the engine and chassis numbers are identical to what is written in the application and issues a permanent registration certificate which is usually valid for 20 years.

===Trade registration format===

Government issues trade certificate to businesses which deal with unregistered vehicles and therefore, need to be exempted from the legal requirement of plying vehicles on road with a (permanent or temporary) registration number. Business or agency which may use trade certificate can be a vehicle manufacturer, dealer, vehicle testing agency or a vehicle importer.

Registration authority allots a group of trade registration numbers to the holder of a trade certificate. Trade number is not assigned to a specific vehicle directly by the registration authority (like permanent or temporary number), the holder of trade certificate instead assigns a number to a vehicle themselves from their available allotment. Trade number can only be used on vehicles of category for which it has been issued and should not be assigned to more than one vehicle at once. Trade registration number can be valid for up to five years.

[[File:Trade registration number test vehicle India.jpg|thumb|Vehicle registration plate with trade number, for a test car registered in Chengalpattu in Tamil Nadu.]]

On 14 September 2022, the Ministry of Road Transport issued a notification<ref name="trade">{{cite web |date=2022-09-14 |title=Notification GSR 703 (E) Central Motor Vehicles (Fifteenth Amendment) Rules |url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/notifications_document/GSR%20703(E)%20dt%2014%20September%202022%20for%20Trade%20Certificate.pdf|access-date=2024-05-03 |publisher=[[Government of India]] - Ministry of Road Transport & Highways}}</ref> regarding amendments to trade certificate and trade registration number. A homogenised alphanumeric format for trade registration number was also introduced:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:15em; text-align: center"
|+Trade Registration Format
|-
| ''' AB 12 Z 0123 TC 0001 '''
|}

Characters are representative of following:
* ''''AB'''': Represents the state in which institute is located, same code as specified in {{Pslink|Part 1: Two-letter State Codes}}
* ''''12'''': Represents the district or RTO which issues the trade registration number, same number as defined in {{Pslink|Part 2: District Number}}
* ''''Z'''': Represents the category of vehicle for which the trade registration number has been issued. Character used for different categories are:
** A – Two-wheel vehicle (e.g. motorcycle, scooter)
** B – Invalid carriage (vehicle designed specifically for differently abled person)
** C – Light motor vehicle (e.g. car)
** D – Medium passenger motor vehicle (e.g. minibus)
** E – Medium goods vehicle (e.g. truck)
** F – Heavy passenger motor vehicle (e.g. bus)
** G – Heavy goods vehicle (e.g. truck)
** H – [[Electric rickshaw|E-rickshaw]]
** I – E-cart (cargo variant of E-rickshaw)
** J – any other category not covered above
* ''''0123'''': Four digit unique number assigned to the holder of trade certificate e.g. vehicle dealer or manufacturer
* ''''TC'''': Short for ‘Trade Certificate’
* ''''0001'''': Number of up to four digits to be assigned to one specific vehicle by holder of trade certificate, as allowed by registration authority

'''Example''': ''LA01C0001TC0001'' for a light motor vehicle (e.g. car) registered for trade in Kargil in Ladakh.

For old format, refer section {{Pslink|Pre-2022 Trade Registration}}.

==HSRP: High security registration plate==
On 1 June 2005, the [[Government of India]] had amended rule 50 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, mandating introduction of new tamper proof High Security Registration (HSRP) number plates.<ref name="HSRP">{{cite web
|url =http://morth.nic.in/index2.asp?sublinkid=269&langid=2
|title =HIGH SECURITY REGISTRATION PLATES
|access-date =2010-06-29
|publisher =Ministry of Road Transport and Highways}}</ref><ref name="HSRP-Sify">{{cite news
|url =http://sify.com/finance/b-m-j-antony-b-number-plate-logjam-news-columns-kgjblabibgg.html
|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110811152240/http://www.sify.com/finance/b-m-j-antony-b-number-plate-logjam-news-columns-kgjblabibgg.html
|url-status =dead
|archive-date =2011-08-11
|title =M J Antony: Number plate logjam
|date =2010-06-09
|access-date =2010-06-29
|website =Sify Finance}}</ref> All new motorised road vehicles that came into the market after that needed to adhere to the new plates, while existing vehicles had been given two years to comply. Features incorporated include the number plate having a patented [[chromium]] [[hologram]],<ref name="HSRP"/> a [[laser]] numbering containing the alpha-numeric identification of both the testing agency and manufacturers and a retro-reflective film bearing a verification inscription "India" at a 45-degree inclination. The characters are [[embossing (manufacturing)|embossed]] on the plate for better visibility. The letters "IND" were printed in a light shade of [[blue]] on the observers left side under the hologram.<ref name="HSRP"/> However it has yet to be implemented since the various state Governments has not yet appointed an official source for manufacture of these plates,<ref name="HSRP-HT">{{cite news
|url = https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/don-t-buy-high-security-number-plates-it-s-illegal/story-IvLQFRdfzEIhJyCWfLWxXM.html
|title = Don't buy high-security number plates, it's illegal'
|date = 2010-06-20
|access-date = 2010-06-29
|publisher = Hindustan Times
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150927060308/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/don-t-buy-high-security-number-plates-it-s-illegal/story-IvLQFRdfzEIhJyCWfLWxXM.html
|archive-date = 2015-09-27
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> due to disputes which are currently in various Indian courts.<ref name="HSRP-Sify"/><ref name="HSRP-HT"/> On 8 April 2011 the [[Supreme Court of India]] summoned the transport secretaries of Delhi, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh for [[contempt of court]] proceedings regarding nonenforcement of the high-security registration plates.<ref name="HSRP-IE">{{cite news
|url =http://www.indianexpress.com/news/number-plate-scheme-sc-notices-to-up-delhi-haryana/773373/
|title =Number plate scheme: SC notices to UP, Delhi, Haryana
|date =2011-04-08
|access-date =2011-04-11
|publisher =Indian Express}}</ref> The Supreme Court on 30 November 2004, had clarified that all states had to comply with the scheme.<ref name="HSRP-IE"/> Currently all of North East including Assam, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, West Bengal, Karnataka, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) and Goa are the only states which have complied in full. The states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Maharashtra have not proceeded after having called tenders.<ref name="HSRP-IE"/> Besides these states some of the other states have also taken action to implement the new scheme.<ref name="HSRP-IE"/>

Haryana and Punjab has launched the High Security Registration Plates Scheme in the state. High Security Registration Plates have been made mandatory in for all new and old vehicles.<ref>High Security Registration Plates http://iharnews.com/index.php/government/274-high-security-registration-plates {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024181244/http://iharnews.com/index.php/government/274-high-security-registration-plates |date=2017-10-24 }}</ref>

Maharashtra has announced to implement new number plates and deadline set on 31 March 2025.<ref>{{cite news|title=https://www.news18.com/auto/maharashtra-govt-hikes-charges-for-high-security-number-plates-check-new-rates-here-ws-ab-9168617.html}}</ref>

==Historical registration plates==
===Historical colour coding===
Following colour coding have been discontinued for different reasons:

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Vehicle Category
! Old colour scheme
! Example
! Officially Inactive since
! Remarks
|-
| Commercial (except rental) || Black text White background || '''AN 01 A 0123'''|| 1 February 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/city-sticks-to-black-white-number-plates/articleshow/3006094.cms|title=Switch to new colour scheme|website=The Times of India|date=7 March 2002}}</ref> || rowspan="2" |Discontinued to better align with international standard
|-
| Private || White text Black background || '''AN 01 A 0123'''|| 1 July 2002
|-
| Registered with [[Consulate]] || Black text Yellow background || '''199 CC 0123''' || 23 June 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/notifications_document/Notification_no_G_S_R_633E_dated_23_6_2017_regarding_registration_mark_under_rule_76_of_the_CMVR.pdf|title=GSR 633 (E) regarding registration mark|website=The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|date=23 June 2017}}</ref>|| Discontinued to differentiate from new colour coding of commercial vehicles
|-
|}

In case of changes in 2002, due to large number of vehicles and therefore slow enforcement, old colour coding was in use well after the official discontinuation date.

===Historical registration formats===

==== Pre-1940 ====
[[File:Aga Khan Packard Eight in Bombay.jpg|thumb|Vehicle with Bombay registration, circa 1928 with prefix 'Y'.]]
Before the introduction of [[Motor Vehicles Act|Motor Vehicles Act, 1939]] (enforced during 1940), a nationwide format did not exist. Initial vehicle registration format in country was simply a number of up to five digits. Gradually, a prefix of single or two letter(s) was introduced which was representative of province/city, and was followed by a number of (up to) four digits, e.g. '''K 1234'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/world/AS_INDI.html|title=License Plates of India|website=www.worldlicenseplates.com|access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> or '''FP 1234'''.

There were some exceptions as few places had already started to use three-letter prefix codes before 1940.

====From 1940 till independence ====
[[File:1939-series Indian vehicle registration format.jpg|thumb|Vehicle registration plate with 1939 format. 'U' and 'SJ' corresponded to [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]] and [[Lucknow]] respectively.]]
After the introduction of Motor Vehicles Act (1939), many three-letter codes were introduced and this format gradually became the most common.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:17em; text-align: center"
|+Old Registration Format
|-
| ''' XAA 1234 '''
|}
Characters are representative of following:
* ''''X'''': Represents the province, e.g. 'B' for [[Bombay Presidency]], 'C' for [[Central Provinces and Berar|Central Provinces]]
* ''''AA'''': Two letter code allotted to registration authority of a specific district.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralamvd.gov.in/index.php?Itemid=117&id=71&option=com_content&task=view |title=MVDKerala - Registration Numbers |publisher=Keralamvd.gov.in |access-date=2013-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710155237/http://www.keralamvd.gov.in/index.php?Itemid=117&id=71&option=com_content&task=view |archive-date=2013-07-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* ''''1234'''': Unique number between 1 and 9999

In the case of Central Provinces, three-letter codes used for vehicle registration were:
* CPZ — For government vehicles
* CPP — Central Province Police vehicles
* CP'''X''' — where 'X' represents the district code (e.g. CPJ for Jabalpur)

Format of using single letter prefix was also phased out.

==== Post-independence ====
By 1947 i.e. India's independence, format of using three-letter codes was almost standard throughout the country, with the exception of the colonies which were not yet incorporated into India. Certain states/UTs in India also remained exceptions as they continued to use two-letter codes for some more years: Chandigarh (CH), Pondicherry (PY), Andaman & Nicobar islands (AN) and Jammu & Kashmir (JK).

==== Other colonies in India ====
[[Colonial India|Colonies in India]] (other than British) had different registration formats until they were incorporated into independent India.

* '''French Colonies''': Pondicherry used the following formats:
**Until the ''de facto'' incorporation into India in 1954: Letter 'P' as prefix followed by a number of (up to) four digits, e.g. P 1234.
**Post-incorporation: At some point prefix was changed to 'PY'.
* '''Portuguese Colonies''': Goa used the following formats:
** Until around 1957: Letter 'G' as prefix followed by a number of (up to) four digits, e.g. G 1234.
** From 1957 until annexation by India in 1961: Three-letter prefix followed by a four digit number in style 'IGx–12–34', 'x' being the sequence letter i.e. A, B and so on.
**Post-annexation: Vehicles were re-registered with new format as per Motor Vehicles Act (1939), with 'GDA' as the three-letter prefix.

==== Princely states ====
[[File:Registration plate on 1924 Rolls-Royce in Udaipur State.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Vehicle registration plate from Udaipur State (aka [[Kingdom of Mewar]])]]

[[Princely state]]s had a different registration format compared to rest of the country until they acceded to independent India. Colour scheme used was white text on red background and the format was state's name followed by a number.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:17em; text-align: center"
|+Princely State registration format
|-
| '''X 1234'''
|}

'X' represents the name of state. '''Example''': MYSORE 1, JODHPUR 5

====Top constitutional authorities====
[[File:Emblem of India on Indian president's official car.jpg|thumb|Emblem of India used on an old official car of Indian president]]

It used to be a general practice for offices of top constitutional authorities in India (i.e. [[President of India|President]], [[Vice President of India|Vice-president]], [[Governor (India)|Governors and lieutenant governors]] and the protocol division of the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]) to not register their official vehicles. Instead of registration plates, an embossed [[Emblem of India]] was used (sometimes in combination with a red plate). In 2018, above offices were instructed to get all their official vehicles registered as per applicable laws.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vehicles-of-president-vice-president-to-soon-have-number-plates-delhi-hc-told/articleshow/63156541.cms|title=Vehicles of President, vice president to soon have number plates: Delhi HC told|website=The Times of India|date=4 March 2018 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vehicles-of-president-vice-president-to-have-number-plates-court-told-1819442|title=Vehicles Of President, Vice President To Have Number Plates, Court Told|website=NDTV.com|access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

====Pre-2022 trade registration====
[[File:Trade Registration number plate of Uttar Pradesh, India.jpg|thumb|Vehicle registration plate with old trade number format of Uttar Pradesh, for a car registered in Noida.]]

Before the introduction of 2022 notification,<ref name="trade"/> the defined format for trade registration was more generic and only specified following:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:15em; text-align: center"
|+Old trade registration format
|-
| '''AB 12 TC XXXX'''
|}
* '''AB''', '''12''' and '''TC''' : Same representation as in current format, detailed in {{Pslink|Trade Registration Format}}
* '''XXXX''': Format consisting of alphanumeric characters, as decided by respective state or Union Territory. Most states/UTs (at the time of introduction of new format in 2022) used the following scheme:
** '''123 456''' where '123' is a number (of up to 3 digits) allocated to holder of trade certificate and '456' is a unique number (of up to 3 digits) assigned to a specific vehicle. '''Example''': ''UP 16 TC 020 007''

Trade numbers with old format can continue to be used as per validity period.

==See also==
{{Subject bar|portal1=India|portal2=Transport}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

* [http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/regmark.htm List of two-letter codes]
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/regnseries.htm Government of Tamil Nadu - State Transport Authority]
* [http://www.morth.nic.in Ministry of Road transport and Highways]

{{Transport in India}}
{{Asia in topic|Vehicle registration plates of}}

[[Category:Vehicle registration plates by country|India]]
[[Category:Road transport in India|Licence plates]]
[[Category:India transport-related lists]]
[[Category:Vehicles of India| Registration plates]]

Central Power Research Institute

2026-02-22T07:14:09Z

Svetlbwz: reworked information based on references

{{Short description|Power research facility in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{More citations needed|date=October 2025}}{{Advert|date=October 2022}}

'''Central Power Research Institute''' ('''CPRI''') is a research institute originally established by the [[Government of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE |url=https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/184/AU5351_rbri5x.pdf?source=pqals}}</ref> in 1960,<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Journal {{!}} Power Research - A Journal of CPRI |url=https://cprijournal.in/index.php/pr/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208180142/https://cprijournal.in/index.php/pr/about |archive-date=2024-12-08 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=cprijournal.in |language=en-US}}</ref> with headquarters in [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=CPRI {{!}} Government of India {{!}} Ministry of Power |url=https://powermin.gov.in/en/content/cpri |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=powermin.gov.in}}</ref> The Institute was re-organized into an [[Autonomous Society]]<ref name=":0" /> in the year 1978 under the aegis of the [[Indian Ministry of Power|Ministry of Power]], Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Important step towards widening international acceptance of Indian Electrical Equipment |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1814343 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519091420/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1814343 |archive-date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref> The main objective of setting up the Institute is to serve as a national Level laboratory for undertaking applied research in [[Electrical engineering|electrical power engineering]] besides functioning as an independent national testing and certification authority for [[electrical equipment]] and components to ensure reliability in [[power systems]] and to innovate and develop new products.

==Research and development==

CPRI has been taking programs in various areas of electrical [[power generation]], [[power transmission|transmission]] and distribution in the endeavor to assist [[utility company|utilities]] to supply reliable, uninterrupted and quality services to the consumers. The broad objectives with the research projects are taken up in CPRI are

# Offering technical advice and trouble shooting.
# Product development and improvement to meet global standards.
# Bridging the gap in testing and developing special testing technologies.
# Large collaborative research projects with utilities and industries.
# Electrical products and process improvement.

While some of the programme are undertaken in collaboration with industries and utilities, other are taken up in-house to develop the expertise and infrastructure the power sector. The project proposals are planned well in advance keeping in mind the needs of the industry /utilities and are cleared by the committee on Research.

In CPRI, [[research and development]] projects of different dimensions are taken up under 4 schemes namely

# IHRD (or In House Research and Development)
# RSoP (Research Scheme on Power)
# Sponsored projects
# NPP (R&D under National Perspective Plan)

==Testing and certification==

The performance of the institute in the field of testing and certification during the year 2009-2010 is very good as compared to 2008-2009. A total of 66347 tests on 22256 samples were conducted for 6127 organizations. The revenue realized from testing, certification and consultancy services rendered during this year increased to Rs.9600 [[lakh]]s as against Rs.7741 lakhs during 2008-2009.

New Testing Facilities

* [[IEC61850]] protocol conformance testing laboratory
* Mobile [[field testing]] laboratory for On-site Accuracy Test and Condition Assessment of EHV Class
* Instrument Transformers
* Setting up 10kA Temperature Rise Test Facility.
* Test Facilities for Air-conditioners and Refrigerator.
* Automation of Tower Testing Station.
* Augmentation of Relay Testing laboratory
* Compression Test on Quadruple Spacer
* Testing 800 kV HDVC Tower for M/s. POWERGRID, [[Gurgaon]]
* Seismic pushover Test on Prototype RCC Framed structure
* Dynamic Testing of Distance Protection relay P443 for M/S. Areva T & D Ltd., PSP, [[Chennai]].
* Testing of Distance [[electrical relay|Relays]] using Real Time Digital simulation for M/s.BGR Energy System Ltd.,
* Testing of numerical distance relays—SEL &OMEGA
* Destruction test on power electronics [[capacitor]]s of ratings, 560 [[farad|F]], 3.8 kV [[direct current|DC]], was conducted as per IEC 61881-1999 was conducted in the power capacitors laboratory for the first time, which has helped the customer in verifying the design aspects with reference to safety/protection
* For the first time in the country in a 1180 kvar 12 kv [[shunt capacitor]] was tested at the power Capacitor Laboratory. This is the highest unit rating (Kvar) tested.

Other important tests

* Under standards and labeling programme of Government of India, CPRI carried out the check testing of BEE star labeled products like refrigerators & TFLss against the work order from M/s BEE, [[New Delhi]].
* M/s BEE has issued work order to CPRI for carrying out second-round check testing of refrigerators, TFLs and fans during the year 2010–2011
* Testing of solar lanterns is now undertaken at ECDD.
* Testing of [[LED lamp]]s as per manufactures specifications is undertaken at ECDD
* ECDD has taken up field and lab evaluation of [[street light]] controllers as per manufactures specifications
* Under standards & labeling programme of Government of India, CPRI carried out the check testing of BEE star labeled products like Refrigerators & TFLs.

==Consultancy services==

Consultancy is one of the major activities of the institute. The following are some of the important consultancy services rendered by the institute in various areas during the year under report{{when|date=February 2012}}

Distribution System

* BESCOM-DAS Project
* KPTCL–[[SCADA]] Project
* Restructured Accelerated Power development Reforms Programme ([[R-APDRP]])
* Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) Project
* Power system studies
:# Study of electrical system for changed systems configuration for increased reliability for M/s Burrup Fertilizers Pty Ltd., [[Australia]].
:# Power System study and Energy Audit of Reliance Industries Ltd., [[Hazira]].
:# Consultancy service for augmenting power distribution network at [[SAIL-ISP]], [[Burnpur]] township related area for ISP-SAIL, Burnpur.
:# Technical services for [[power line]] design with low loss conductor for sterlite{{typo help inline|reason=similar to starlite|date=October 2022}} private limited.
:# Transient simulation studies of 14 MVA and 25 MVA [[Industrial furnace|furnace]] transformer for RSP, [[Rourkela]].
:# Testing of [[load management]] system controller for Jindal steel plant.
:# Testing of composite intelligent load shedding controllers on RTDS for M/s ABB.
* Grounding Studies
:# Evaluation of [[Earthing system|earthing]] system with INDELEC Compound as filler material.
:# Long term measurement of ground resistance of Terec+ compound based Ear thing system
:# Condition monitoring and diagnostics of substations and power plants.
:# Long term measurement of ground resistance of Curec+ and Curecon compound based Ear thing system
* Performance and [[efficient energy use|energy efficiency]]
* Consultancy for thermal/hydro power stations
:# RLA assignments involving in-situ oxide scale measurements and microstructure replication studies.
:# Fibroscopic inspection of LTRH/Economizer coils.
:# [[Crystal]] size and lattice strain measurements in nano coatings.
:# [[Corrosion]] mapping of water wall tubes using Low Frequency Electro Magnetic Technique (LFET).
:# Residual Life Assessment of [[penstock]]s & Hydro [[turbine]] components.
:# [[Hydrogen]] embrittlement in water wall tubes.
:# The performance evaluation study of [[Electrostatic precipitator]].
:# Characterization and beneficiation of [[fly ash]] [[cenosphere]]s generated at [[National Thermal Power Corporation|Simhadri]] thermal power project.
:# Pipe & Hangers Inspection and flexibility analysis for high energy pipeline systems for thermal power plants.
* [[transmission tower|Transmission]] towers and accessories.
* Vibration & [[earthquake engineering|seismic]] performance.

==Quality accreditations==

The facilities of the Institute are accredited as per [[ISO/IEC 17025]] quality norms and the Institute has acquired international accreditations like Short Circuit Testing Liaison for its global acceptance. Certification of the Institute is gaining acceptance in the countries of Middle East, Africa and South East Asia.

==CPRI network==

CPRI has its head office in [[Bangalore]] and the Institute has six facilities at [[Bhopal]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Nagpur]], [[Noida]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Guwahati]].

== See also ==
* [[Electric Power Research Institute]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.cpri.in CPRI website]
*[http://www.jobnewsworld.com/2012/08/cpri-recruitment-2012-2013-wwwcpriin.html CPRI Recruitment Notifications 2012-13]
*[http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14428537 Cheap power]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, sify.com.

{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Engineering consulting firms]]
[[Category:Electric power in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in Mysore State]]

Vivek Harshan

2026-02-20T23:27:11Z

Svetlbwz: Added initial info needs work

{{Short description|Indian film editor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vivek Harshan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Vivek Harshan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|05|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Film Editor]]
| website =
| imagesize =
| othername =
| yearsactive = 2007–present
| spouse =
}}

'''Vivek Harshan''' (born 28 May 1981) is an Indian [[film editor]] who works predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil films. He has frequently collaborated with [[Amal Neerad]], [[M. Rajesh]], and [[Karthik Subbaraj]] since the beginning of their careers. ''[[Big B (film)|Big B]]'' (2007), ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' (2014), ''[[Iyobinte Pusthakam]]'' (2014), ''[[Varathan]]'' (2018), ''[[Bheeshma Parvam]]'' (2022), ''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]'' (2024), ''[[Manjummel Boys]]'' (2024) and ''[[Sikandar (2025 film)|Sikandar]]'' (2025) are some of his notable works. He won the [[National Film Award for Best Editing]] in 2014 for ''Jigarthanda''.<ref>{{cite web|work=Silverscreen|access-date=5 December 2023|url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/a-cut-above-the-rest-vivek-harshan-interview/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20231205154447/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/a-cut-above-the-rest-vivek-harshan-interview/|archive-date=5 December 2023|title=A Cut Above The Rest: The Vivek Harshan Interview|date=11 August 2015}}</ref>

== Film career ==
After assisting editor [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]], Harshan started working as an independent editor with the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] film ''[[Red Salute (2006 film)|Red Salute]]'' (2006).<ref>{{cite web|title=Red Salute - Another regular package from Mani|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/review/8625.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411043237/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/review/8625.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|work=IndiaGlitz|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref> He got break in his second film ''[[Big B (film)|Big B]]'' (2007).{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} His work on the 2014 Tamil film ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' got him the [[National Film Award for Best Editing|National Award]] for that year.<ref name=national />

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Red Salute (2006 film)|Red Salute]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Big B (film)|Big B]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Sagar Alias Jackie Reloaded]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Siva Manasula Sakthi]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2010 || ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Anwar (2010 film)|Anwar]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2012 || ''[[Oru Kal Oru Kannadi]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[22 Female Kottayam]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Josettante Hero]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Bachelor Party (2012 film)|Bachelor Party]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2013 || ''[[5 Sundarikal]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Maryan (film)|Maryan]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[All in All Azhagu Raja]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2014 || ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Peruchazhi]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Burma (film)|Burma]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2015 || ''[[Kaaki Sattai]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Nannbenda]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2016 || ''[[Rajini Murugan]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kali (2016 film)|Kali]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Iraivi]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Puthiya Niyamam]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Jackson Durai]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Nambiar (film)|Nambiar]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kadavul Irukaan Kumaru]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Vallavanukku Vallavan (2016 film)|Vallavanukku Vallavan]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2017 || ''[[Ezra (2017 film)|Ezra]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Mupparimanam]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Ramaleela (film)|Ramaleela]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2018 || ''[[Mercury (2018 film)|Mercury]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Seema Raja]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Mandharam]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Varathan]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2019 || ''[[Petta (film)|Petta]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Irupathiyonnaam Noottaandu]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Mr. Local]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Love Action Drama]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Adithya Varma]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai]]'' || Tamil || Segment: Miracle
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2021 || ''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Navarasa (TV series)|Navarasa]]'' || Tamil || Segment: Peace
|-
| ''[[Kasada Thapara]]'' || Tamil || Streaming release; Segment: Kavasam
|-
| ''[[MGR Magan]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kurup (film)|Kurup]]'' || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-21 |title=Dulquer's Kurup heading to OTT? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/Nov/21/dulquers-kurup-heading-to-ott-2225997.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2022 || ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' || Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2021-08-20 |title=Vikram-Karthik Subbaraj-Dhruv film titled Mahaan; first look released |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/Aug/20/vikram-karthik-subbaraj-dhruv-film-titled-mahaan-26170.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bheeshma Parvam]]'' || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2022-02-10 |title=Mammootty-Amal Neerad's Bheeshma Parvam gets new release date; teaser out Friday |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/Feb/10/mammootty-amal-neerads-bheeshma-parvam-gets-new-release-date-teaser-out-friday-29668.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[DSP (film)|DSP]]'' || Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2022-11-16 |title=Nalla Irumaa: First single from Vijay Sethupathi's DSP out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/videos/2022/Nov/16/nalla-irumaa-first-single-from-vijay-sethupathis-dsp-out-36702.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Vallavanukkum Vallavan]]'' || Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vallavanukku Vallavan Movie Review: Bobby Simha can't save this 6-year-old film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vallavanukku-vallavan-review-bobby-simha-cant-save-this-6-year-old-film-waltair-veerayya-2324193-2023-01-20 |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=India Today |date=20 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bandra (film)|Bandra]]'' || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-10-17 |title=New teaser of Dileep's Bandra is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Oct/17/new-teaser-of-dileeps-bandra-is-out-48705.html |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2024 || ''[[Manjummel Boys]]'' || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manjummel Boys gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/feb/11/manjummel-boys-gets-a-release-date-51955.html |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=11 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aavesham (2024 film)|Aavesham]]'' || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-26 |title='Aavesham' teaser: Fahadh Faasil, Jithu Madhavan promise a wacky ride |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aavesham-teaser-fahadh-faasil-jithu-madhavan-promise-a-wacky-ride/article67779459.ece |access-date=2024-04-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bougainvillea (film)|Bougainvillea]]'' || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-27 |title=Amal Neerad's Bougainvillea gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/27/amal-neerads-bougainvillea-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Sikandar (2025 film)|Sikandar]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
|}

==Awards==

===National Film Awards===
* 2014 – [[National Film Award for Best Editing]] for ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''<ref name=national>{{Cite news |title=62nd National Film Awards: Tamil movies bag eight honours |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/62nd-national-film-awards-tamil-movies-bag-eight-honours/articleshow/46678516.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803101715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/62nd-national-film-awards-tamil-movies-bag-eight-honours/articleshow/46678516.cms |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=3 August 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

===[[Vijay Awards]]===
* 2014 – [[Vijay Award for Best Editor]] for ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=2574962}}

{{National Film Award Best Editing}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harshan, Vivek}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film editors]]
[[Category:Tamil film editors]]
[[Category:Best Editor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1981 births]]

Tribhuvan Sahkari University

2026-02-17T23:13:07Z

Svetlbwz: Added a article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Business school in India}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Tribhuvan Sahkari University
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| motto = Empowering rural people through sustaining processes
| established = {{start date and age|1979}} (as IRMA) {{start date and age|2025}} (as TSU)
| type = [[Autonomous university]]
| director = Dr. Saswata Narayan Biswas
| students =
| city = [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = Urban, {{convert|60|acre|km2}}
| logo = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.irma.ac.in/}}
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat
| pushpin_map_caption =
| founder = [[Verghese Kurien]]
| faculty =
| coor = {{Coord|22.5384|72.9729|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Tribhuvan Sahkari University''' (Abbreviate: '''TSU'''),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill in Lok Sabha to establish Institute of Rural Management Anand in Gujarat as an University |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bill-in-lok-sabha-to-establish-institute-of-rural-management-anand-in-gujarat-as-an-university20250203110142/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Story |first=Jharkhand |date=2025-02-03 |title=Bill introduced in Lok Sabha to transform IRMA into 'Tribhuvan' Sahkari University |url=https://thejharkhandstory.co.in/bill-introduced-in-lok-sabha-to-transform-irma-into-tribhuvan-sahkari-university/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=The Jharkhand Story |language=en-GB}}</ref> previously known as the '''Institute of Rural Management Anand''' ('''IRMA'''), is a [[List of autonomous higher education institutes in India|University of National Importance]] and business school located in [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand City]], Gujarat, India. Its mandate is to support the professional management of rural organizations. It was founded on the belief shaped by [[Verghese Kurien]]'s work in dairy cooperatives that effective rural development depends on professional management.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.irma.ac.in/institute/institute.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422181842/http://www.irma.ac.in/institute/institute.php|archive-date=2007-04-22|title=IRMA Institute of Rural Management Anand}}</ref> This belief had a significant impact on the country's dairy industry, including the [[White Revolution]] (also known as Operation Flood).<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=1989: Kurien |url=https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/19871999_laureates/1989_kurien/ |publisher=World Food Prize Foundation |access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref>

The institute was established with the support of the [[Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation]], the [[Government of India]], the former Indian Dairy Corporation, the [[National Dairy Development Board]] (NDDB), and the [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref name=":0" /> The IRMA campus was designed by the architect [[Achyut Kanvinde]].

The annual convocation of IRMA, now part of Tribhuvan Sahkari University, is distinguished by its emphasis on Indian culture and traditions. Graduating participants traditionally wear a [[kurta]] and [[Pajamas|pyjama]] and receive an [[Angavastra|angavastram]] along with their degree certificate from the Chief Guest, reflecting the institution's commitment to simplicity and cultural heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-tribhuvan-sahkari-university-bill-2025|title=IRMA Institute of Rural Management Anand}}</ref>

In 2022, [[Amit Shah]], the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] and [[Ministry of Co-operation|Minister of Cooperation]] of the Government of India was Chief Guest of the conference.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1833311 |website=Press Information Bureau, GoI |language=en}}</ref> Former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] attended IRMA's first annual convocation in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irma.ac.in/inetwork/networkpastissuesdetail.php?issid=243|title=IRMA - Network Past Issues|website=www.irma.ac.in|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Former Prime Ministers of India - Indira Gandhi , Rajiv Gandhi , Atal Bihari Vajpayee & Manmohan Singh visisted IRMA to attend the Annual Convocation.jpg|alt=Former Prime Ministers - Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh separately visited IRMA to attend Annual Convocations|center|thumb|634x634px| Over the years, several former Prime Ministers of India, including Smt Indira Gandhi, Shri Rajiv Gandhi, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Shri Manmohan Singh, have visited IRMA to attend its Annual Convocation ceremonies as Chief Guests.]]
Michael Halse, then a [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO) planning adviser with NDDB,<ref>{{cite book |title=The concept of conversion efficiency as applied to the Indian milk and food economy|publisher=Harvard University |year=1979|first=Michael |last=Halse}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Halse|first1= Michael|year=1979 |title= Producing an adequate national diet in India: Issues relating to conversion efficiency and dairying |journal=Agricultural Systems |volume= 4|issue=4 |pages= 239–278|publisher= Elsevier|doi=10.1016/0308-521X(79)90002-7|bibcode= 1979AgSys...4..239H}}</ref> was one of the members responsible for conceptualizing this new discipline of rural management.<ref>Halse, Michael, A new institute of rural management - and a new developmental discipline?, IRMA Occasional Papers # 1.</ref> Another person involved with the institute was the organizational behavior academic Dr. [[Kamla Chowdhry]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Understanding organisational behaviour: cases and concepts|publisher= Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company |year=1971 |first=Kamala |last=Chowdhary |editor-first=Sudhir |editor-last=Kakar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Conflict and choice: Indian youth in a changing society|publisher= Somaiya Publications|year=1970 |first=Kamala |last=Chowdhary |editor-first=Sudhir |editor-last=Kakar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Change-in-organisations|publisher= Lalvani Publishing House|year=1970 |first=Kamala |last=Chowdhary }}</ref> who also served briefly as the director of the institute and played a key mentoring role in its formative years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irma.ac.in/pdf/network_issue/69.PDF |title=IRMA newsletter |website=.irma.ac.in}}</ref> [[Ravi J. Matthai]], the former director of [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]], contributed through his documented learning from the Jawaja experiment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi J Matthai @ Archives |url=https://archives.iima.ac.in/faculty/Ravi-J-Matthai.html |website=IIMA Archives}}</ref> Matthai stressed the need for a new type of management education for working on rural development problems. This system would be different from the conventions found in the [[Indian Institutes of Management]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The rural university: the Jawaja experiment in educational innovation|publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1985|isbn=9780861321131|first=Ravi John |last=Mathai}}</ref>

The institute was originally established as a center for management and consultancy for rural development, as part of the second phase of the Operation Flood program. Under the leadership of [[Verghese Kurien|Dr. Verghese Kurien]], IRMA rapidly expanded its mandate to professionalize the management of rural producers' organizations and to develop a body of knowledge in the field of rural management.<ref name=":1" />

Among the institution’s pioneering faculty was [[Leela Dube]], a distinguished anthropologist and equity-feminist scholar whose work proved foundational during its early years. Her fieldwork across five [[Southeast Asia]]n countries significantly contributed to placing the organization on the international social science research map.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dube |first=Leela |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000457/045796eb.pdf |title=Studies on women in South East Asia: a status report |publisher=UNESCO Regional Office in Asia and Oceania |year=1980 |access-date=2012-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Sriram |first=M.S. |year=2007 |title=Rural Management Education in India: A Retrospect |url=http://www.dhan.org/tda/pdf/ms_sriram.pdf |journal=IIMA Working Paper Series |publisher=Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad |issue=2007/04/01 |pages=14 |access-date=23 Aug 2012}}</ref>

Since its inception, the focus of IRMA has been on strengthening the management capacities in non-governmental organizations and organizations that are controlled by users of the services (rather than the conventional capital investor-centered business corporation). IRMA claims that its branding and commitment to a unique field of management make it unique among management institutes of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irma.ac.in/article.php?menuid=15|title=IRMA - History|website=www.irma.ac.in}}</ref>

== Academics ==
IRMA offers various full-time and part-time postgraduate programs as well as diplomas.

===Admissions===
IRMA offers different academic programs and has admission processes and eligibility criteria, respectively. The selection process for admission in PGDM(RM), FPM(RM), RM(X), and MDPs depends on the specific program. IRMA also conducts its Written Ability Test (WAT) and Personal Interviews (PI) of selected candidates.

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and college

| OUTLOOK_B_P_2022 = 20
|NIRF_B_2024=54}}

IRMA was ranked 54th in the Management category of the 2025 ranking of the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF).<ref>{{Cite web |title=MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2025/ManagementRanking.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203032130/https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2025/ManagementRanking.html |archive-date=2025-12-03 |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=www.nirfindia.org}}</ref>
It was ranked 20th in ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook's]]'' "Top Private MBA Institutions" of 2022.<ref name="Rankings_OUTLOOK_B_P_2022" />

IRMA was ranked 5th Best B School in the Chronicle India B-School Survey 2019.<ref>{{Cite web| title=India's best schools | url=https://www.chronicleindia.in/survey_file/Final-Survey-2019.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819102001/https://www.chronicleindia.in/survey_file/Final-Survey-2019.pdf | archive-date=2019-08-19}}</ref> IRMA was ranked the 5th best B-school among the top 75 private B-schools of India and 10th overall among the top 100 B-schools of India, as per Times B-School Survey 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesbschoolsurvey.org/mba/private-b-schools.html|title=Welcome to Times B-School Survey|website=www.timesbschoolsurvey.org|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> IRMA Ranked 8th in the UTD Top 10 Indian Business School Ranking for Research.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irma.ac.in/updates.php?id=155|title=IRMA Ranked 8th in UTD Top 10 Indian Business School Ranking for Research}}</ref>

===Dr. Verghese Kurien Memorial Lecture===
To commemorate the memory of the founder of the institute, the annual "Dr. Verghese Kurien Memorial Lecture" was instituted in 2012, to be held on his birth anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IRMA Institute Of Rural Management Anand |url=https://irma.ac.in/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=IRMA |language=en}}</ref>

* 2012, Inaugural Lecture: [[M. S. Swaminathan]]
* 2013, 2nd Lecture: [[Vijay Shankar Vyas]]
* 2014, 3rd Lecture: [[Raghuram Rajan]]
* 2015, 4th Lecture: [[Arvind Subramanian]]
* 2016, 5th Lecture: [[Vikram Singh Mehta]]
* 2017, 6th Lecture: [[Dr. Ramesh Chand Tomar|Dr. Ramesh Chand]]
* 2018, 7th Lecture: [[Amitabh Kant]]
* 2019, 8th Lecture: Dr. P. S. Goel
* 2020, 9th Lecture: [[Krishnamurthy Subramanian|Krishnamurthy V. Subramanian]]
* 2021, 10th Lecture: [[Arun Maira]]

==Notable faculty==
* [[Ravi J. Matthai]] - Management education administrator, noted for establishing [[Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad|the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]], and [[Institute of Rural Management, Anand|the Institute of Rural Management, Anand]].
* [[Leela Dube]] - Anthropologist and equity-feminist scholar
* [[Yoginder K Alagh]] - Noted Indian [[economist]], former [[Union Minister]] of the Government of India & ex-Chairman of IRMA.
* [[Vivek Bhandari]] - Indian professor & ex-Director of IRMA.
* [[Deep Joshi]] - Indian [[social worker]], NGO activist, and a recipient of the [[Magsaysay award]]. Ex-Chairman of IRMA.

==Notable alumni==
* [[Sanjay Ghose]] - Founder, URMUL Rural Health Research and Development Trust and Charka Development Communication Network<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19970812/22450383.html |title=Latest News, India News, Breaking News, Live News Online, Today Headlines |access-date=2012-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114001451/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19970812/22450383.html |archive-date=2009-01-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Vishal Narain]] - Academic, Researcher & Public Policy Analyst
* [[Satish Babu]] (PRM3) - Director, International Centre for Free and Open Source Software ([[ICFOSS]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://icfoss.in/director.html |title=ICFOSS - Director |access-date=2013-01-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307221600/http://icfoss.in/director.html |archive-date=2013-03-07 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://apnnews.com/2011/02/26/satish-babu-to-head-icfoss/ |title=Satish Babu to head ICFOSS |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103175347/http://www.apnnews.com/2011/02/26/satish-babu-to-head-icfoss/ |archive-date=2013-11-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Raju Narisetti]] - Founder of [[Mint (newspaper)]], Senior Vice-President, News Corporation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.careers360.com/news/4071-Raju-narisetti-Managing-editor-The-washington-post |title=Raju Narisetti, The Washington Post |access-date=2013-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317010936/http://www.careers360.com/news/4071-Raju-narisetti-Managing-editor-The-washington-post |archive-date=2013-03-17 }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20130411050209/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/htmintluxury/RajuNarisetti.shtml Hindustan Times]</ref>
*[[Sandeep Dikshit]] - Member of Parliament of 14th Lok Sabha and 15th Lok Sabha representing East Delhi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/nrega-scam-sandeep-dixit-144340-2011-10-28|title=UP NREGA scam worth over Rs 10,000 crore, claims Sandeep Dixit|website=India Today |date=29 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/st-stephen-remark-of-sandeep-dixit-triggers-war-of-words-134561-2011-05-26|title=Sandeep Dixit's St. Stephen's barb triggers war of words|website=India Today |date=27 May 2011 }}</ref>
*[[Daman Singh]] - Indian writer and daughter of Former [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Manmohan Singh]].
*[[Amir Ullah Khan]] - Indian economist. Professor at the [[Dr. Marri Channa Reddy Human Resource Development Institute of Telangana]] of the Government of Telangana<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/author/amir-ullah-khan|title=Khan, Amir|date=2019-06-03|website=SAGE Publications Inc|language=en-us|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref>
*[[G. V. L. Narasimha Rao]] - National Spokesperson of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/interestbyrajyasabhamember/candidate.php?candidate_id=769|title=Gvl Narasimha Rao(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref>
*[[Syed Safawi]] - Managing Director and Group CEO of VLCC, Ex-CEO of Viom Networks.
*[[Praveen Morchhale]] - [[65th National Film Awards]] winner and [[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal|UNESCO Gandhi Medal Winner]], film director-writer. Notable works include: ''[[Widow of Silence]]'', [[Walking with the Wind|''Walking With The Wind'']], ''Behind Veils'', and ''[[Barefoot to Goa]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.irma.ac.in Official website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Institute Of Rural Management Anand (IRMA, Anand)}}
[[Category:Institute of Rural Management Anand]]
[[Category:Business schools in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rural development organisations in India]]

Mehmood (actor)

2026-02-17T05:17:00Z

Svetlbwz:

{{Short description|Indian film actor (1932–2004)}}
{{other people|Mehmood Ali}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mehmood Ali
| image = Actor Mehmood Ali 2013 stamp of India (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Mehmood on 2013 stamp of India
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1932|9|29}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2004|07|23|1932|9|29}}
| death_place = [[Dunmore, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|film producer|director}}
| parents = [[Mumtaz Ali]] (father)
| relatives = [[Meena Kumari]] (sister-in-law); see also [[List of Hindi film clans#Ali-Amrohi family|Ali-Amrohi family]]
| family = [[Mehmood Ali family]]
| children = 7, including Pucky Ali, [[Lucky Ali]], [[Macky Ali]], [[Ginny Ali]]
}}
'''Mehmood Ali''' (29 September 1932 – 23 July 2004), popularly known simply as '''Mehmood''', was an [[Indian actor]], singer, director and producer, best known for playing Comic,Serious,emotional and versatile roles in [[Bollywood|Hindi films]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=BBC>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3921479.stm Indian comedy actor Mehmood dies on BBC news website] Published 23 July 2004, Retrieved 5 November 2019</ref>

During his career of more than four decades, he worked in over 300 Hindi films and was known as Bollywood's Original Bhaijaan.<ref name=BBC/><ref name=Dawn>[https://www.dawn.com/news/365327 Indian film comedian Mehmood dies at 72] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107183429/https://www.dawn.com/news/365327 |date=7 November 2019 }} Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 July 2004, Retrieved 7 November 2019</ref> Mehmood received 25 nominations for film awards, 19 for 'Best Performance in a Comic Role', while the awards started in 1954, awards for the best comedian category started only in 1967. Prior to that Mehmood also received 6 nominations for 'Best Supporting Actor'.

==Early life==
{{See also|Mehmood Ali family}}
Mehmood Ali was born on 29 September 1932. He was the second of the eight children, and eldest son to Latifunnisa and film and stage actor/dancer [[Mumtaz Ali]], who was a huge star of the 1940s and 1950s cinema in [[Mumbai]]. Mehmood had an elder sister and six younger siblings. His sister, [[Minoo Mumtaz]], was also a successful dancer and character actress in Bollywood movies. His youngest brother, [[Anwar Ali (actor)|Anwar Ali]], is also an actor as well as a producer of such movies as ''[[Khud-daar]]'' and ''[[Kaash]]''.<ref name=Dawn/>

==Career==

===Early career===
[[child actor|As a child]], he worked in Bombay films like ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]''. He later had a number of odd jobs, selling poultry products and working as a driver for director P. L. Santoshi. Santoshi's son, [[Rajkumar Santoshi]], would later cast him in the film ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]'' (1994). Many of Mehmood's film songs were sung by [[Mohammad Rafi]].

Mehmood would go on to perform small roles in films such as ''[[Do Bigha Zameen]]'', ''[[C.I.D. (1956 film)|C.I.D.]]'', and ''[[Pyaasa]]''. He later began taking on larger roles.

He then rules from late 50s to 70s as an Big Superstar as an Both Actor and Filmmaker. In the period from 1958-1979 he gave many hits,superhits and Blockbusters as an MainLead,Parallel lead, Solo lead , 2nd lead and Supporting roles. And also does many Spec.app & Cameos .

And during that period he gave break to many artists in industry like - R.D.Burman, Rajesh Roshan,Aruna irani, Amitabh bachchan and many more.

===Later career===
In the 1980s, Mehmood's starts doing less movie and during that time other comedy actors like [[Jagdeep]], [[Asrani]], [[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]], [[Deven Verma]] and [[Kader Khan]] shot to prominence. Between 1990 and 1999, he made a handful of movies, but most of them were either shelved or made no impression. He acted as Johnny in [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]'s ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]'' (1994). It was his last well-known film.

== Personal life ==
{{Main|Mehmood Ali family}}
Mehmood married Madhu Kumari in 1953; the two divorced in September 1967.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}} The two had four children together, Masood "Pucky" Ali, [[Lucky Ali|Maqsood "Lucky" Ali]], [[Macky Ali|Maqdoom "Macky" Ali]], and Masoon Ali. Mehmood would go on to marry his second wife, Tracy, and have three more children with her, Mansoor Ali, Manzoor Ali, and Latifunnissa "Ginny" Ali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=The sad truth about 'Comedy King' Mehmood |url=https://sg.style.yahoo.com/sad-truth-about-comedy-king-mehmood-tragic-tales-061434017.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Yahoo! Entertainment |language=en-SG}}</ref> Several of his children would go on to star in Mehmood related productions such as the 1976 film ''[[Ginny Aur Johnny]]'', which starred his daughter Ginny and was based on the 1973 film ''[[Paper Moon (film)|Paper Moon]]''.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJIqAAAAYAAJ&q=%22While+there+I+saw+a+film+called+Paper+Moon%22 |title=Cine Blitz, Volume 13 |date=1987 |publisher=Blitz Publications |page=xxii}}</ref>

==Death==
On 23 July 2004, Mehmood died in his sleep in [[Pennsylvania]], where he had gone for treatment of cardiovascular [[heart disease]] after suffering from poor health over several years. His fans were able to pay homage to him at [[Mehboob Studio]] in [[Bandra]], Mumbai.<ref name=BBC/><ref name=Dawn/>

After the initial homage in Mumbai, his body was flown to Ali Estates, the family's 186-acre farmhouse in [[Yelahanka]], on the outskirts of [[Bangalore]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucky Ali (R), singer‑son of late Indian cinema's comedian Mehmood Ali, looks at his father's body at their farmhouse, Bangalore |url=https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/lucky-ali-singer-son-of-late-indian-cinemas-comedian-news-photo/51125465 |publisher=Getty Images (AFP) |date=29 July 2004 |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> A funeral procession was held there on 29 July 2004, attended by close relatives, friends, and several film personalities along with local mourners.<ref>{{cite web |title=Funeral of Mehmood Ali at Bangalore farmhouse |url=https://hamaraphotos.com/photo_-3612.html |publisher=HamaraPhotos |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref>
Though relatively low-key in accordance with his wishes, the ceremony drew tributes from many senior actors and filmmakers who acknowledged Mehmood as a giant of Indian comedy whose influence extended well beyond his screen presence.
The estate, which had been used as a set for many of Mehmood's films, also houses a private family graveyard. He was buried in a modest, unmarked grave at the foot of the white tomb of his father, Mumtaz Ali. His son Macky, who died in 2002, is also buried next to him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mehmood and his nawabi connections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mehmood-and-his-nawabi-connections/articleshow/793897.cms |website=The Times of India |date=29 July 2004 |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Graves of Mumtaz and Mehmood Ali Yelahanka Bangalore.jpg|Tomb of Mumtaz Ali with unmarked graves of his son Mehmood Ali and grandson Macky in the background.
File:Unmarked grave of Mehmood Ali Yelahanka Bangalore.jpg|Unmarked graves of Mehmood and Macky Ali at Ali Estates, Yelahanka, Bangalore.
</gallery>

==Legacy==
One of Mehmood's most enduring legacies is his early support for [[Amitabh Bachchan]], who would go on to become one of the most iconic figures in Indian cinema. At a time when leading producers hesitated to cast Bachchan in prominent roles, Mehmood offered him the lead in [[Bombay to Goa (1972 film)|Bombay to Goa]], marking Bachchan's first major solo project.<ref>{{cite web |title=When Mehmood gave Amitabh Bachchan his first lead role; became Big B's godfather |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/when-mehmood-gave-amitabh-bachchan-his-first-lead-role-became-big-b-godfather-article-111954334 |website=Times Now News |date=23 July 2024 |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> The film featured a high-impact bus crash sequence, and Mehmood was reportedly taken aback by the raw intensity Amitabh displayed in the action scene – a performance that foreshadowed his future rise as the "Angry Young Man." Bachchan would later refer to Mehmood as his "godfather," crediting him with giving him a crucial break at a turning point in his career.<ref>{{cite web |title=When Amitabh Bachchan's action shocked his one-time mentor Mehmood Ali |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-amitabh-bachchans-action-shocked-his-one-time-mentor-mehmood-ali-7754197.html |website=News18 |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref>

Mehmood's personal life also reflected his wide social reach. Through marriage, he was connected to the Nawab of Arcot's family, one of the oldest Muslim noble lineages in India, known for their longstanding ties to Hyderabad and Madras aristocracy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mehmood and his nawabi connections |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mehmood-and-his-nawabi-connections/articleshow/793897.cms |website=The Times of India |date=29 July 2004 |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref>

[[File:Actor Mehmood Ali 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Mehmood on a 2013 stamp of India]] [[Satish Kaushik]] has credited Mehmood as inspiring him to become an actor.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Kaushik |first=Satish |subject-link=Satish Kaushik |interviewer=Mimansa Shekhar |title=Satish Kaushik revisits Chakra |work=First of Many |date=10 July 2019 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/satish-kaushik-debut-film-chakra-first-of-many-5792127/ |access-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031230604/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/satish-kaushik-debut-film-chakra-first-of-many-5792127/ |archive-date=31 October 2022}}</ref> In 2013 Mehmood was featured on a stamp of India.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}} In 2022, Mehmood was placed in ''[[Outlook India]]''{{'}}s "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=75 Bollywood Actors Who Conquered Hearts Of The Millions |work=Outlook India |date=12 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2022 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-actors-who-conquered-hearts-of-the-millions-since-1947-news-215861/amp |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816142138/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/75-actors-who-conquered-hearts-of-the-millions-since-1947-news-215861/amp |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! As !! Notes
|-
|1943 || ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]'' ||Young Shekhar|| Childhood Version of [[Ashok Kumar]]
|-
|1945 || ''[[Sanyasi (1945 film)|Sanyasi]]'' ||Banke||
|-
|1951 || ''[[Nadaan (1951 film)|Nadaan]]'' ||Bus Conductor<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Zaveri|first=Hanif|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4R2lC3b5e4C|title=Mehmood, a Man of Many Moods|date=2005|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-213-3|pages=50|language=en|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=24 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224211210/https://books.google.com/books?id=w4R2lC3b5e4C|url-status=live}}</ref>||
|-
|1952
|[[Maa (1952 film)|Maa]]
|
|
|-
|1953 || ''[[Do Bigha Zamin]]'' ||Peanuts Seller||
|-
|1954 || ''[[Nastik (1954 film)|Nastik]]'' ||Vinod's Henchman||
|-
|1954 || ''[[Naukri (1954 film)|Naukri]]'' ||PickPocket, Rowdy @ 1 hour, 38 min of film||
|-
|1956 || ''[[C.I.D. (1956 film)|C.I.D.]]'' ||Sher Singh||
|-
|1956
|[[Mem Sahib]]
|Hardeep Kumar
|
|-
|1956 || ''[[Funtoosh]]'' || ||
|-
|1957 || ''[[Baarish (film)|Baarish]]'' ||Ramu's Neighbour||
|-
|1957 || ''[[Pyaasa]]'' ||Vijay's Brother||
|-
|1957
|[[Ek Saal]]
|Doctor
|
|-
|1958 || ''[[Parvarish (1958 film)|Parvarish]]'' ||Ramesh Singh||
|-
|1958
|[[Howrah Bridge (1958 film)|Howrah Bridge]]
|
|
|-
|1959 || ''[[Qaidi No. 911]]'' ||Anand||
|-
|1959 || ''[[Kaagaz Ke Phool]]'' ||Special Appearance||In the song "San San San Woh Chali Hawaa"
|-
|1959 || ''[[Chhoti Bahen]]'' || Mahesh|| Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor [Nominated]
|-
|1960 || ''[[Mian Biwi Razi]]'' || ||
|-
|1960 || ''[[Manzil (1960 film)|Manzil]]'' ||Shankar Paanwala||
|-
|1960 || ''[[Shriman Satyawadi]]'' ||Kishore||
|-
|1961 || ''Chhote Nawab'' ||Leading Role || Mehmood provided famous music director [[R. D. Burman]] his first break in this film
|-
|1961 || ''Pyaase Panchhi'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1961 || ''[[Sasural (1961 film)|Sasural]]'' ||Mahesh|| Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor [Nominated]
|-
|1962 || ''[[Rakhi (1962 film)|Rakhi]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Kasturi|| Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor [Nominated]
|-
|1962 || ''[[Dil Tera Diwana (1962 film)|Dil Tera Deewana]]'' || Anokhe || [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
|-
|1963 || ''Hamrahi'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1963 || ''[[Ghar Basake Dekho]]'' ||Sunder|| Nominated for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]].
|-
|1963 || ''Godaan'' ||Gobar ||
|-
|1963 || ''[[Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye]]'' || ||
|-
|1963 || ''[[Bharosa]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Platform M. P. P. S.||
|-
|1963 || ''[[Grahasti (film)|Grahasti]]'' ||Jaggu||
|-
|1964 || ''[[Mama Ji]]'' || Madari ||Punjabi Punjabi Movie
|-
|1964 || ''[[Zindagi (1964 film)|Zindagi]]'' ||Jaggu||
|-
|1964 || ''[[Ziddi (1964 film)|Ziddi]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1964 || ''Beti Bete'' ||Mahesh 'Munna'||
|-
|1964 || ''Shabnam'' ||Khan Mustafa / Zingarro||
|-
|1964 || ''[[Chitralekha (1964 film)|Chitralekha]]'' ||Brahmachari Shwetant||
|-
|1964 || ''[[Sanjh Aur Savera]]'' ||Prakash||
|-
|1965 || ''[[Johar-Mehmood in Goa]]'' ||Rahim Mohammed Salauddin||
|-
|1965 || ''Do Dil'' ||Bahadur Singh||
|-
|1965 || ''Namasteji'' || ||
|-
|1965 || ''[[Gumnaam]]'' ||Butler|| Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor [Nominated]
|-
|1965 || ''[[Bhoot Bungla]]'' ||Mohan Kumar||Produced and directed by Mehmood
|-
|1965 || ''[[Neela Aakash]]'' ||Madanlal||
|-
|1965 || ''[[Bahu Beti]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1965 || ''[[Kaajal]]'' ||Bhola||
|-
|1966 || ''[[Pyar Kiye Jaa]]'' ||Atma||[[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
|-
|1966 || ''[[Mohabbat Zindagi Hai (1966 film)|Mohabbat Zindagi Hai]]'' ||Manglu||
|-
|1966 || ''[[Biwi Aur Makan]]''<ref name=citwf/>||Sitaram Pandey||
|-
|1966 || ''[[Pati Patni]]'' ||Pashupati||
|-
|1966 || ''[[Love in Tokyo]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1966 || ''[[Daadi Maa]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1967 || ''[[Chandan Ka Palna]]'' ||Mahesh Chandra Mukhopadhyay||
|-
|1967 || ''[[Mehrban]]'' ||Madhu ||
|-
|1967 || ''[[Gunahon Ka Devta (1967 film)|Gunahon Ka Devta]]''<ref name=citwf/> || ||
|-
|1967 || ''[[Patthar ke Sanam]]'' || Hariya Kumar||
|-
|1968 || ''[[Padosan]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Master Pillai|| with [[Sunil Dutt]], [[Saira Banu]] and [[Kishore Kumar]]. Mehmood jointly produced this film with [[N. C. Sippy]]
|-
|1968 || ''[[Aankhen (1968 film)|Ankhen]]''||Mehmood||
|-
|1968 || ''[[Neel Kamal (1968 film)|Neel Kamal]]'' ||Girdhar Gopal Agarwal||
|-
|1968 || ''[[Do Kaliyaan|Do Kaliyan]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1968 || ''[[Izzat (1968 film)|Izzat]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1968 || ''[[Sadhu Aur Shaitaan]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Bajrang|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1969 || ''[[Meri Bhabhi]]'' ||Shambhu|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1969 || ''[[Badi Didi]]'' || Madan||
|-
|1969 || ''[[Waris (1969 film)|Waris]]'' ||CID Inspector Rajan / Ram Kumar No. 3 & his mother (Double Role)|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
|-
|1970 || ''[[Humjoli]]'' ||Shivram / Balram / Parshuram (Triple Role) ||Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1970 || ''[[Jawab (1970 film)|Jawab]]'' ||Bajrangi||
|-
|1970 || ''[[Mastana (1970 film)|Mastana]]'' ||Satya||Credit as Mahmood
|-
|1971 || ''[[Main Sunder Hoon]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Sunder|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1971 || ''[[Lakhon Me Ek]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Bhola||
|-
|1971 || ''[[Paras (1971 film)|Paras]]'' ||Munna Sarkar|| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
|-
|1971 || ''[[Johar Mehmood in Hong Kong]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1971 || ''[[Naya Zamana]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1971 || ''[[Mere Apne]]'' || ||
|-
|1972 || ''[[Bombay to Goa (1972 film)|Bombay To Goa]]'' || Khanna (Bus Conductor)|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1972 || ''[[Garam Masala (1972 film)|Garam Masala]]'' || Rajkumar Suraj Kumar||
|-
|1973 || ''[[Do Phool]]'' ||Pavitra Kumar Rai "Puttan" / Mani (Double Role)|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1973 || ''[[Jugnu (1973 film)|Jugnu]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Pocket Maar (1974 film)|Pocketmaar]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Sunder||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Kunwara Baap (1974 film)|Kunwara Baap]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Mahesh|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]. Mehmood also introduced music director [[Rajesh Roshan]] in this film
|-
|1974
|''Ujala Hi Ujala''
|Saraswati
|
|-
|1974 || ''Badla'' ||Hippie||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Duniya Ka Mela]]'' || || Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1975 || ''[[Salaakhen (1975 film)|Salaakhen]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Abdul Rehman||
|-
|1975 || ''[[Vardaan]]'' || || [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
|-
|1975 || ''[[Qaid (film)|Qaid]]'' ||Bajrangi|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1976 || ''[[Ginny Aur Johnny]]'' || ||
|-
|1976 || ''[[Jai Bajrang Bali]]'' || || Shakun
|-
|1976 || ''[[Sabse Bada Rupaiya (1976 film)|Sabse Bada Rupaiya]]'' || || Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role Nominated
|-
|1977 || ''[[Amaanat (1977 film)|Amaanat]]'' ||Mahesh||<ref name=citwf/>
|-
|1977 || ''[[Aafat]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|1977 || ''Thief of Baghdad''<ref name=citwf/> || ||
|-
|1978 || ''[[Des Pardes (1978 film)|Des Pardes]]'' ||Anwar||
|-
|1978 || ''[[Ek Baap Chhe Bete]]'' ||Mahesh||
|-
|Rowspan="2"|1979|| ''[[Janta Hawaldar]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Nauker (1979 film)|Nauker]]'' ||Dayal|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1980 || ''[[Khanjar]]'' ||Jagat||
|-
|1980 || ''[[Lootmaar]]'' || ||
|-
|1980 || ''[[Man Pasand]]''<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|url=https://www.citwf.com/person295804.htm|url-status=dead|title=Mehmood filmography|archive-date=7 November 2019|website=Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website|access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107181151/https://www.citwf.com/person295804.htm}}</ref> ||Popat||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1981 || ''[[Hotel (1981 film)|Hotel]]'' || Nawab Arshad Ali ||
|-
|''[[Sannata (1981 film)|Sannata]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=022W3IbNB3s |title=Vinod Mehra, Sarika & Deepak Parashar {{!}} Ramsay Superhit Thriller Movie {{!}} Sannata 1981 |date=2024-10-12 |last=Rare Movies On VHS |access-date=2025-10-07 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|Marzabaan
|
|-
|1982 || ''[[Suraag (1982 film)|Suraag]]'' || Father of prospective bride ||
|-
|1982 || ''[[Khud-Daar]]'' ||Jagan|| Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role [Nominated]
|-
|1986 || ''[[Ladies Hostel]]'' ||''Mahesh Bhatta''||[[Kannada]] film with [[B. Sarojadevi]] in lead role
|-
|Rowspan="2"|1987|| ''[[Imaandaar]]''|| Tiwarilal ||
|-
|''[[Majaal]]'' ||Shrichand Titarmare||
|-
|1988 || ''[[Faisla]]'' ||Jaggu||
|-
|Rowspan="3"|1993||''[[Shreemaan Aashique]]'' || Menaka's Father || Special Appearance in Last Scene of film
|-
| ''[[Khal-Naaikaa]]'' || Gangaram||
|-
| ''[[Tahqiqaat]]'' || Micheal ||
|-
|Rowspan="3"|1994||''[[Juaari]]'' ||Anita's Father ||
|-
|''[[Chaand Kaa Tukdaa]]'' || Babumashay ||
|-
|''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]'' ||Johnny (Wah-Wah Productions)||
|-
|1995 || ''[[Guddu (film)|Guddu]]'' || ||
|-
|1996 || ''[[Dushman Duniya Ka]]''<ref name=citwf/> ||Bakrewale Baba||
|-
|1998 || ''[[Ghar Bazar]]'' || ||
|}

==Awards==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-3}}
*{{Awards
| award = [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award]]
| year = 1963
| title = [[Dil Tera Diwana (1962 film)|Dil Tera Diwana]]<ref name=filmfare>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/remembering-mehmood-10677-5.html|title=Remembering Mehmood|date=29 September 2015|website=FILMFARE.com website|author=Farhana Farook|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-date=6 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106000402/https://www.filmfare.com/features/remembering-mehmood-10677-5.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| name = Won
}}
{{Col-3}}
*{{Awards
| award = [[Filmfare Best Comedian Award]]
| year = 1967
| title = [[Pyar Kiye Jaa]]<ref name=filmfare/>
| name = Won
| year2 = 1970
| title2 = '''''[[Waris (film)|Waris]]'''''
| role2 = CID Inspector Rajan/Ram Kumar #3/ Rajan's mother (double role)
| year3 = 1972
| title3 = Paras
| role3 = Munna Sarkar
| year4 = 1975
| title4 = [[Vardaan]]<ref name=filmfare/>
| role4 =
}}
{{Col-3}}
*{{Awards
| award = [[Filmfare Best Comedian Award]]
| year = 1967
| title = [[Love in Tokyo]]
| role = Mahesh
| name = Nominated
| year2 = 1968
| title2 = Mehrban
| role2 =
| year3 = 1969
| title3 = [[Neel Kamal (1968 film)|Neel Kamal]]
| role3 = Girdhar Gopal Agarwal
| year4 = 1969
| title4 = Sadhu Aur Shaitaan
| role4 = Bajrang/Ram
| year5 = 1970
| title5 = Meri Bhabhi
| role5 = Shambu
| year6 = 1971
| title6 = [[Humjoli]]
| role6 = Shivram
| year7 = 1972
| title7 = [[Main Sunder Hoon]]
| role7 = Sunder
| year8 = 1973
| title8 = [[Bombay to Goa (1972 film)|Bombay to Goa]]
| role8 = Khanna, Bus Conductor
| year9 = 1974
| title9 = [[Do Phool]]
| role9 = Pavitra Kumar Rai 'Puttan'/Mani
| year10 = 1975
| title10 = [[Duniya Ka Mela]]
| role10 =
| year11 = 1975
| title11 = [[Kunwara Baap (1974 film)|Kunwara Baap]]
| role11 = Mahesh/Rickshaw Walla
| year12 = 1976
| title12 = [[Qaid (film)|Qaid]]
| role12 = Bajrangi
| year13 = 1977
| title13 = [[Sabse Bada Rupaiya (1976 film)|Sabse Bada Rupaiya]]
| role13 = Neki Ram
| year14 = 1980
| title14 = [[Nauker (1979 film)|Nauker]]
| role14 = Dayal
| year15 = 1983
| title15 = [[Khud-Daar]]
| role15 = Jaggan
}}
{{Col-end}}

== See also ==
* [[Mehmood Ali Family]]
* [[List of Hindi film clans]]

== Further reading ==
* Zaveri, Hanif. ''Mehmood, a Man of Many Moods'', Popular Prakashan, 2005. {{ISBN|81-7991-213-2}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|0576454}}
* {{discogs artist|Mehmood}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestComedian|state=uncollapsed}}
{{FilmfareBestSupportingActorAward}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehmood}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from respiratory failure in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Muslim male comedians]]
[[Category:Male comedians]]
[[Category:Muslim comedians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Indian male composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian comedians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Comedians from Mumbai]]

Ramaprasad Banik

2026-02-04T21:23:00Z

Svetlbwz: slightly expanded formatting per sources additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Bengali actor, director and playwright (1954–2010)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramaprasad Banik
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| native_name = রমাপ্রসাদ বণিক
| birth_date = {{Birth-date|28 December 1954}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta, West Bengal]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|27 December 2010|28 December 1954}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata, West Bengal]], India
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Actor
| spouse = Sumitra Banik
| children = 2
}}
'''Ramaprasad Banik''' (রমাপ্রসাদ বণিক) (1954–2010) was a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] theatre actor, director and playwright.<ref name="Theatre personality Ramaprasad Banik dead">{{cite news|title=Theatre personality Ramaprasad Banik dead|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/theatre/article1011849.ece|access-date=25 June 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Eminent theatre personality Ramaprasad Banik dead">{{cite web|title=Eminent theatre personality Ramaprasad Banik dead|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/eminent-theatre-personality-ramaprasad-banik-dead-news-national-km2o4gajjeh.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231191522/http://www.sify.com/movies/eminent-theatre-personality-ramaprasad-banik-dead-news-national-km2o4gajjeh.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2010|website=Sify (Source: IANS)|access-date=25 June 2012}}</ref> He also worked in films and televisions. He started his career at a very early age with ''Putul khela'', which was an adaptation of [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s [[A Doll's House]]. This play was directed by [[Sombhu Mitra]]. Banik was called protégé of the Sombhu Mitra. Banik wrote and acted in many plays for [[Bohurupee]].<ref name="Theatre personality Ramaprasad Banik dead" /> In 1981 he left ''Bohurupee'' he created his own theatre group ''Chena Mukh''. In 1991 he created another theatre group "Theatre Passion"<ref name="Eminent theatre personality Ramaprasad Banik dead" /> He was a very prominent part of the Nehru Children's Museum theatre classes.<ref name="Rama Prasad Banik dies at private hospital in Kolkata">{{cite web|title=Rama Prasad Banik dies at private hospital in Kolkata|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bangla/top-stories/2010/rama-prasad-banik-died-kolkata-291210.html|work=OneIndia|access-date=25 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218135817/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bangla/top-stories/2010/rama-prasad-banik-died-kolkata-291210.html|archive-date=18 February 2013}}</ref>

==Career==
===Plays===
;With Bohurupee
*Putul Khela
*Dashachakra
*Chhera Tar
*Dashachakra
*Chhar Addhaye
*Jadi Arekbar

;With Chena Mukh
*Ranee Kahini
*Icchegari
*Aguntuk
*Pakhi
*Sharanagato

;With Theatre Passion
*Kabikatha
*Trata
*The Tempest
*Dahanshil
*Antar Bahir
*Sparshak
*Bhablai Bhalo
*Anukul
*Anko Sir, Golapi Babu ar Tipu
*Iti Mritajan

;With Nehru Children's Museum
*Mahabidya Primary
*Ekla Pagol
*Manoniyo Shotyo
*Jodio Sandhya
*Anubhab
*Sarashwati Samipeshu
*Luxembourg er Laxmi
*Bhalobasha
*Parichoy

;With Purba Paschim
*Angshumati
*Patolbabu Film Star

;With Anya Theatre
*Ache Ache Sthan

;With Taki Natyam
*Good Morning Nishikanta

;With IFTA
*Ghasiram Kotwal

;With Ajantrik
*Pratham Path

===Films===
* ''[[Chalo Patol Tuli]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Aalo Chhaya]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Bajikar]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Ek Poloke Ektu Dekha]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Purna Brahma Sri Sri Harichand]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Juaari]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Hochheta Ki]]?'' (2008)
* ''[[Khalnayak (2006 film)|Khalnayak]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Sadhu Babar Lathi]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Abar Asbo Phire]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Rakhe Hari Mare Ke]]'' (2003) as Constable Ghoshal Babu
* ''[[Amar Mayer Shapath]]'' (2003) as Nata Bose
* ''[[Arjun Aamar Naam]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Patalghar]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Tumi Je Aamar]]'' (1994) as Avik Halder
* ''[[Jharh]]'' (1979)

===Television soap operas===
*Janmabhumi
*Draupadi
*Kanakanjali
*13 no. Barir Rahasya (as [[Hukakasi]])
*Mahaprabhu
*Mohini
*Bhanga Garar Khela
*Aleya
*Banhishikha
*Ek Posla Bristi
* Raja and Goja

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|3368619}}
{{Bengali theatre}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banik, Ramaprasad}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Bengali theatre personalities]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]

Kolam people

2026-02-01T17:47:01Z

Svetlbwz: stub - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Kolam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| languages = [[Kolami language|Kolami]] {{*}} [[Marathi language|Marathi]] {{*}} [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| religions =
| related_groups =
| image = Lord Bheemayyak.jpg
| image_caption = Kolams worshipping Lord Bhimayyak, their tribal deity
| population = 239,583
| total_source = <ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2017-11-18}}</ref>
| total_year = 2011 census
| regions = {{flag|India}}
| region1 = [[Maharastra]]
| pop1 = 194,671
| pop2 = 44,912
| region2 = [[Telangana]]
}}

The '''Kolam''' are a designated [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] in the Indian states of [[Telangana]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |title=List of notified Scheduled Tribes |publisher=Census India |access-date=15 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107225208/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |archive-date= 7 November 2013 }}</ref> They belong to the sub-category [[Particularly vulnerable tribal group]],<ref name="DeogaonkarBaxi2003">{{cite book|author1=Shashishekhar Gopal Deogaonkar|author2=Leena Deogaonkar Baxi|title=The Kolam Tribals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jqAJ_coKDhkC&pg=PA9|access-date=7 April 2013|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-011-2|pages=9–20}}</ref> one of the three belonging to this sub-category, the others being [[Katkari people|Katkari]] and [[Madia Gond]].<ref name="ChaudhuriChaudhuri2005">{{cite book|author1=Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri|author2=Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri|title=Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foQK2klkzIcC&pg=PA269|access-date=7 April 2013|year=2005|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-8324-026-0|page=269}}</ref>

They are common in the [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]], [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]] and [[Nanded district|Nanded]] districts of Maharashtra and live in hamlets called {{Transliteration|kfb|pod}}. They speak the [[Kolami language]], which is a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian language]].<ref name="Singh2004">{{cite book|author=K. S. Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&pg=PA1070|title=People of India: Maharashtra|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2004|isbn=978-81-7991-101-3|pages=1070–1072|access-date=7 April 2013}}</ref> They are an agricultural community.<ref name="Dietrich2004">{{cite book|author=Gabriele Dietrich|title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&pg=PA181|access-date=7 April 2013|year=2004|publisher=ISPCK|isbn=978-81-7214-798-3|page=181}}</ref>

They have a high rate of returning positive to the ''Naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test'' (NESTROFT) test, making them prone to high incidence of [[Thalassaemia]].<ref name="KallaJoshi2004">{{cite book|author1=Aloke Kumar Kalla|author2=P. C. Joshi|title=Tribal Health And Medicines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DDdjLiITmUQC&pg=PA158|access-date=7 April 2013|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-139-3|page=158}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Empty section|date=December 2025}}

== Society ==
The Kolam are an [[endogamous]] group and are divided into twelve exogamous clans, called {{Transliteration|kfb|pedi}}: {{Transliteration|kfb|Tekam}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Kodapa}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Athram}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Godhankar}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Wathora}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Shivle}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Parsinekul}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Ghotkar}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Paraskar}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Ravikul}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Mautkar}}, {{Transliteration|kfb|Shootkar}}. One clan name ({{Transliteration|kfb|Tekam}}) is shared with the Gonds, while the others come from Marathi.<ref name="Singh2004" />

Kolam society was formerly made up of joint families, collectively responsible for farming. Today, however, most Kolams have nuclear families, called {{Transliteration|kfb|attena bala sula}}. {{Transliteration|kfb|Do-masnet-mah-up}}, respect, is to be given to the {{Transliteration|kfb|bhasa}} (husband's elder brother), {{Transliteration|kfb|mama}} (husband's father), {{Transliteration|kfb|appa}} (husband's mother), {{Transliteration|kfb|dhobak}} (grandfather of husband), and {{Transliteration|kfb|dhoi}} (grandmother of husband). Similar respect is given to the corresponding relations on the wife's side of the family. Respect is also given from {{Transliteration|kfb|sanjine}} (son-in-law) and {{Transliteration|kfb|aap}} (wife's mother). Other types of relations exist between brothers and sisters-in-law and grandchildren and grandparents, each with their own name.<ref name="Singh2004" />

In rural Maharashtra, Kolam ''pods'' still have their own panchayats who arbitrate disputes. Office-bearers are the Naik (the leader), Mahajan (Naik's second-in-command), Karbhari (treasurer), Ghatya (peon) and Tarma (cook/messenger). These posts are reserved for men only. The Naik and other officers are responsible for the smooth conducting of business but the decision is actually reached by the elders. The Naik is selected by the men of the village by consensus choice. Although nowadays, the influence of government courts is increasing nearly all the time disputes between Kolam tribespeople are settled in panchayat and usually it is only when the other party is a non-Kolam that the case is taken to the government court.<ref name="DeogaonkarBaxi2003" />

== Marriage ==
Kolams practice monogamous marriage, {{Transliteration|kfb|penli}}. Cross-cousin marriage is permitted. Marriageable age is 18–20 years. Marriage of a widow to their brother is forbidden, but marriage of a man to his wife's sister is permitted after the death of his first wife. Married women wear Mangalsutra, {{Transliteration|kfb|mattel}} (earring), {{Transliteration|kfb|ongarar}} (finger-ring), {{Transliteration|kfb|besar}} (nose stud), {{Transliteration|kfb|torde}} (bichia) and {{Transliteration|kfb|hirwat gajal}} (bangles). They have no dowry. Most marriages are arranged, but marriage by capture is sometimes allowed. However, most instances of marriage by capture are prearranged by the two parties.<ref name="Singh2004" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Chhattisgarh]]

A Throw of Dice

2026-02-01T01:59:18Z

Svetlbwz: updated information based on references and fixed typos

{{short description|1929 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Prapancha Pash (A Throw of Dice)
| image =Charu Roy, and Seeta Devi in the 1929 film, Prapancha Pasha (A Throw of Dice), directed by Franz Osten.jpg
| caption = Charu Roy and Seeta Devi in the 1929 film ''Prapancha Pasha'' (''A Throw of Dice'')
| director = [[Franz Osten]]
| producer = Nadine Luque Tim Pearce [[Himansu Rai]] Bruce Wolfe
| writer = W.A Burton Max Jungk Niranjan Pal (story)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Seeta Devi (actress)|Seeta Devi]] [[Himanshu Rai|Himansu Rai]] [[Charu Roy]] [[Modhu Bose]]
| music = [[Willy Schmidt-Gentner]] [[Nitin Sawhney]] (2006)
| cinematography = [[Emil Schünemann]]
| editing =
| distributor = (International) Fandango (U.K) BFI ([[British Film Institute]]) [[Universum Film AG|UFA]]
| released = {{Film date|1929|08|16|df=y}}
| runtime = 74 min
| country = [[Weimar Republic|Germany]] [[British Raj|British India]] United Kingdom
| language =
| budget =
| gross =

}}
[[File:A Throw of Dice, 1929.webm|thumb|''A Throw of Dice'', 1929]]
'''''A Throw of Dice''''' ('''''Prapancha Pash''''') is a 1929 silent film by German-born director [[Franz Osten]], based on an episode from the Indian epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref name=chn/>

==Plot summary==
The movie is about two kings vying for the love of a hermit's daughter, the beautiful Sunita. The two kings, Ranjit and Sohan, share a passion for gambling and decide to play a game of craps to determine who will marry her. Sunita wishes to marry Ranjit, but Ranjit loses the game to the nefarious Sohan. As a forfeit, Ranjit becomes his slave. Sunita soon uncovers the truth about Sohan's evil deeds, and to escape punishment, he hurls himself from a cliff into the rapids. Ranjit and Sunita are reunited and married.

==Cast==
* [[Seeta Devi (actress)|Seeta Devi]] as Sunita
* [[Himanshu Rai|Himansu Rai]] as Sohan
* [[Charu Roy]] as Ranjit
* [[Modhu Bose]]
* Sarada Gupta as The Hermit
* Lala Bijoykishen
* Tincory Chakrabarty

== Production ==
[[File:Seeta-devi-first-bollywood kiss.JPG|200px|thumbnail|right|Seeta Devi and Charu Roy kissing each other]]
''A Throw of Dice'', the third Indian film by [[Franz Osten]], is considered by some{{Who|date=June 2011}} to be his greatest achievement. The silent film was shot in black and white on 35mm film. It contains thousands of cast members and animals, including 10,000 extras, 1,000 horses and scores of elephants and tigers. The film was shot on location in [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=ny>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/15/movies/homevideo/15dvds.html?_r=1&oref=slogin ‘A Throw of Dice’ and Summer Serials] ''[[The New York Times]]'', 15 July 2008.</ref>
Osten made 19 films in India from 1926 to 1939, and ''A Throw of Dice'' formed the final part of a trilogy of Indo-German productions by Osten and Indian actor-producer [[Himanshu Rai]]. The other two filsm in the trilogy are ''[[Prem Sanyas]]'' (1925) and ''[[Shiraz (film)|Shiraz]]'' (1928). After a gap, Osten returned to India and worked on [[Bombay Talkies]] with Rai. During the production of ''Kangan'' (''The Bangle'') in 1939, Osten, a member of the [[Nazi]] Party, was arrested by British colonial officials, and was he incarcerated until the end of the Second World War.<ref name=ny/>

==Restoration and re-release==

''A Throw of Dice'' has been in the [[British Film Institute]] (BFI)'s archives since 1945, but it rarely has been seen. In 2006, in honour of the 60th anniversary of Indian independence,<ref name=gur>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/aug/24/drama.worldcinema1 A Throw of Dice] ''The Guardian''.</ref> the film was digitally restored,<ref name=chn>[http://www.channel4.com/film/reviews/film.jsp?id=162722 Review] ''Channel 4''.</ref> then re-released at the [[Luminato Festival]] in Toronto, Canada on 13 June 2008 with a new orchestral score by British Indian composer [[Nitin Sawhney]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luminato.com/festival/eng/media_gallery_details.php?id=76|title=Luminato:Festival of Arts + Creativity 2008|access-date=30 July 2008|date=13 July 2008|work=Luminato.com|archive-date=2 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602035903/http://www.luminato.com/festival/eng/media_gallery_details.php?id=76|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|_91u-Z_h62Q|Excerpts ''Nitin Sawhney'' montage}}</ref> The release in the United States occurred on 30 July 2008 during the [[Grant Park Music Festival]] at the [[Jay Pritzker Pavilion]] in Chicago.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/27/travel/27DATEBOOK.html?|title=Datebook: Chicago, San Francisco and Singapore|access-date=30 July 2008|date=27 July 2008|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
[[Nitin Sawhney]], composer of the new 2006 score, describes the film as "A cross between [[Charlie Chaplin|Chaplin]], [[Cecil B. DeMille]] and an early [[Bollywood]] movie." On multiple occasions, it has been compared to a Cecil B. DeMille film for its levels of extravagance.

[[Nishat Khan]] composed an orchestral score, which premiered on 25 April 2013, as part of the 100 Years of Indian Film festival at Siri Fort Auditorium in New Delhi, and the composer played sitar and sang, accompanied by the Bollywood Orchestra. This Sitar composition by Ustad Khan was updated and performed with the [[Philharmonie Luxembourg]] on 15 October 2025 under the direction of Ellie Slorach and arranged/accompanied by David Clymer.<ref>[https://www.philharmonie.lu/en/programme/2025-26/a-throw-of-dice-000000e9001b20b9 A Throw of Dice Film with live music, with Nishat Khan, 17 October 2025.</ref>

==Reception==
Upon its re-release in 2007, a review in ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated "There’s hardly a frame in the 1929 film ''A Throw of Dice'' that doesn’t provide a surge of visual pleasure",<ref name=ny/> and [[Peter Bradshaw]], a reviewer for ''[[The Guardian]]'', wrote that it is "a rare and fascinating gem".<ref name="gur" /> ''[[The Observer]]'' reviewer [[Philip French]] called it "a remarkable silent movie".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/aug/26/worldcinema.drama Review - A Throw of Dice] ''The Guardian'', 26 August 2007.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

== External links ==

{{commons category|A Throw of Dice}}
*{{Internet Archive film|prapancha-pash-aka-a-throw-of-dice_1929|A Throw of Dice}}
* {{Official website|http://www.throwofdice.com|''Prapancha Pash'' (A Throw of Dice)}}
*{{IMDb title|0020286|Prapancha Pash}}

{{Franz Osten|state=expanded}}
{{Works based on the Mahabharata}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Throw of Dice, A}}
[[Category:1929 films]]
[[Category:Indian silent films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Franz Osten]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nitin Sawhney]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:UFA GmbH films]]
[[Category:German silent feature films]]
[[Category:British silent feature films]]
[[Category:German black-and-white films]]
[[Category:British black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Silent adventure films]]
[[Category:1920s rediscovered films]]
[[Category:Rediscovered British films]]
[[Category:Rediscovered German films]]
[[Category:Rediscovered Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Willy Schmidt-Gentner]]
[[Category:1929 Indian films]]

2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier

2026-01-31T06:18:21Z

Svetlbwz: update layout as per guidelines and fixed typos

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2018 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier
| image = 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier logo.svg
| caption =
| fromdate = 4
| todate = 25 March 2018
| administrator = [[International Cricket Council]]
| cricket format = [[One Day International]] [[List A cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host = {{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} [[Zimbabwe]]
| champions ={{cr|AFG|2013}}
| runner up = {{cr|WIN}}
| count = 1
| participants = 10
| matches = 34
| most runs = {{cricon|ZIM}} [[Brendan Taylor]] (457)
| most wickets ={{cricon|AFG|2013}} [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]] (16)
| player of the series = {{cricon|ZIM}} [[Sikander Raza]]
| previous_year = 2014
| previous_tournament = 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier
| next_year = 2023
| next_tournament = 2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier
}}
The '''2018 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier''' was a [[cricket]] tournament that took place during March 2018 in Zimbabwe.<ref name="dates">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/531505 |title=The Netherlands win the ICC World Cricket League Championship |date=6 December 2017 |access-date=6 December 2017 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> It formed the final part of the [[Cricket World Cup qualification]] process for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019 World Cup]] in England and Wales.<ref name="ZimHost">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21009165/zimbabwe-host-world-cup-qualifier-march-2018 |title=Zimbabwe to host World Cup qualifier in March 2018 |access-date=13 October 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> The top two teams, [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] and the [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]], qualified for the World Cup, joining the hosts and the seven teams who had already qualified through their ranking in the [[ICC ODI Championship]].<ref name="icc-qual">{{cite web|title=Opportunity for India to move ahead of Australia into second place|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/422400|publisher=ICC|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> Afghanistan won the tournament, beating the West Indies by 7 wickets in the final.<ref name="result">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/650669 |title=Afghanistan win ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier |access-date=25 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Afghanistan’s Mohommad Shahzad was named the [[player of the match]]<ref name="ShahzadMOTM">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/650667 |title=Mujeeb, Shahzad complete fairytale Afghan comeback with title win |access-date=25 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> and Zimbabwe’s [[Sikandar Raza]] was named the player of the tournament.<ref name="Raza">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/650640 |title=CWCQ Player of the Tournament: Sikandar Raza |access-date=25 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

The tournament was initially scheduled to take place in Bangladesh,<ref name="Bangladesh">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/story/1077040.html |title=West Indies to host Pakistan in March–May 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref> but in May 2017 it was reported that the event would instead be hosted elsewhere as Bangladesh were close to automatic qualification, and thus would not need to participate in this tournament. Three bids were under consideration: one from Zimbabwe, one from Nepal and a joint-bid from Ireland and Scotland, who were the winners of the [[2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|previous qualifier tournament]].<ref name="Ire-Sco">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/2019-cricket-world-cup-2018-qualifying-ireland-and-scotland-bangladesh-a7741136.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket/2019-cricket-world-cup-2018-qualifying-ireland-and-scotland-bangladesh-a7741136.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Qualifying tournament for the 2019 Cricket World Cup to be moved from Bangladesh to Ireland and Scotland |work=The Independent |access-date=18 May 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2017/articles/000039/003963.shtml|title=Zimbabwe likely to host WCQ|work=Cricket Europe|access-date=26 June 2017|archive-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712030619/http://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2017/articles/000039/003963.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Zim">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe/content/story/1115661.html |title=Zimbabwe in talks with ICC to host World Cup qualifiers |work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref>

In October 2017, the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) announced that Zimbabwe would host the event.<ref name="Zim2">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/490161 |title=New international Test and ODI leagues agreed in principle by ICC members |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> In January 2018, the ICC confirmed all the fixtures and venues for the tournament.<ref name="fixtures">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/595210 |title=ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2018 schedule announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> At the end of the tournament, the Netherlands (who won the [[2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship|ICC World Cricket League Championship]]) and the top three Associate Member teams earned [[One Day International]] (ODI) status until 2023.<ref name="ODIstatus">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22107414/odi-status-denied-some-world-cup-qualifier-games |title=ODI status denied to some World Cup Qualifier games |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref>

==Summary==
Hosts Zimbabwe failed to reach the final and missed out on playing in the Cricket World Cup for the first time [[1983 Cricket World Cup|since 1983]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/live-cricket-score-zimbabwe-vs-uae-icc-world-cup-qualifiers-2018-super-six-harare/story-v0K4NDjN5pGSvu4Ccu539N.html |title= UAE stun Zim |access-date=26 March 2018 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> As a result of their poor performance, [[Zimbabwe Cricket]] sacked all their coaching staff and their team captain, [[Graeme Cremer]].<ref name="sack">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22964374/zimbabwe-cricket-sack-captain-cremer-all-coaching-staff |title=Zimbabwe Cricket sack captain Cremer and all coaching staff |work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> Recently appointed [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full members|Full Member]] side Ireland also missed the Cricket World Cup for the first time [[2007 Cricket World Cup|since 2007]], and for the first time, no [[List of International Cricket Council members#Associate members|Associate Member]] qualified for the Cricket World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/mar/23/afghanistan-ireland-cricket-world-cup-qualifier |title= Ireland miss out on World Cup for the first time since 2003 |access-date=26 March 2018 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

Following the conclusion of the group stage, Afghanistan, [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]], [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]], [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]], West Indies and [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] had all progressed to the Super Sixes, with a chance to qualify for the 2019 Cricket World Cup.<ref name="GS-con">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/643656 |title=CWCQ: Group stage in review |access-date=13 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> [[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]], [[Nepal national cricket team|Nepal]], [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]] and [[Papua New Guinea national cricket team|Papua New Guinea]] did not qualify for the Super Sixes, but advanced to the playoffs to determine their final rankings in positions seven to ten.<ref name="Bottom4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/643649 |title=Report card: The bottom four teams |access-date=13 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Both Scotland and the United Arab Emirates kept their ODI status until 2022, by virtue of reaching the Super Sixes.<ref name="ODI-retain">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/644045 |title=Business end of World Cup Qualifiers starts Thursday |access-date=14 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

Hong Kong, Nepal and Papua New Guinea competed for the final ODI status spot in the playoffs.<ref name="ODI-retain"/> In the first round of playoff matches, Nepal beat Papua New Guinea by 6 wickets and the Netherlands beat Hong Kong by 44 runs. Therefore, with the Netherlands already guaranteed ODI status at the end of the tournament, Nepal gained ODI status for the first time.<ref name="NepalODI">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/644459 |title=Nepal thrash PNG to secure ODI status |access-date=15 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref><ref name="Nepal1st">{{Cite web |url=http://english.onlinekhabar.com/historic-moment-for-nepal-cricket-rhinos-get-odi-status-for-first-time-in-history.html |title=Historic moment for Nepal cricket: Rhinos get ODI status for first time in history |access-date=15 March 2018 |work=Online Khabar}}</ref><ref name="Nepal1stCI">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22774835/nepal-claim-odi-status-first |title=Nepal claim ODI status for the first time |access-date=15 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> With their defeats in the first playoff matches, Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea both lost their ODI status and were relegated to [[2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two|Division Two]] of the [[World Cricket League]].<ref name="NepalODI"/><ref name="Nepal1st"/> The fixture between Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea, for the ninth place playoff, was the 4,000th ODI match to be played.<ref name="4000ODI">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/645751 |title=PNG defend 200 to take ninth place |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

The West Indies became the first side to qualify for the 2019 Cricket World Cup, after they beat Scotland by five runs by the [[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method]] in the Super Sixes.<ref name="WI1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/43485231 |title=World Cup Qualifier: Scotland denied by rain as West Indies reach 2019 Cricket World Cup |access-date=21 March 2018 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref name="WI2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133028/scotland-vs-west-indies-31st-match-super-sixes-world-cup-qualifier |title=Relief for West Indies, heartbreak for Scotland |access-date=21 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Tournament hosts Zimbabwe lost their final match in the Super Sixes to the United Arab Emirates, meaning they would need Afghanistan and Ireland's match to end as [[Result (cricket)#Tie|tie]] to allow them to progress to the Cricket World Cup.<ref name="Tie1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22852893/scenarios-how-teams-qualify-2019-world-cup |title=How teams can qualify for the 2019 World Cup |access-date=22 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref name="Tie2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/43506516 |title=World Cup Qualifier: Ireland win in Super Sixes finale would secure World Cup place |access-date=22 March 2018 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> However, Afghanistan beat Ireland by five wickets in the final Super Six match, therefore joining the West Indies in the tournament final and also qualifying for the Cricket World Cup.<ref name="Afg-Qual">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/650033 |title=Afghanistan qualify for CWC19 |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

In the final, Afghanistan's [[Rashid Khan]] became the fastest and youngest bowler to take 100 wickets in ODIs when he dismissed [[Shai Hope]].<ref name="Khan100">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/rashid-khan-19-year-old-afghanistan-leg-spinner-becomes-fastest-to-reach-100-odi-wickets-1197523-2018-03-25 |title=Rashid Khan, 19-year-old Afghanistan leg-spinner, becomes fastest to reach 100 ODI wickets |access-date=25 March 2018 |work=India Today}}</ref> He took 44 matches to take his 100th dismissal, breaking the previous record of 52 matches, set by [[Mitchell Starc]] of Australia.<ref name="Khan100ICC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/650635 |title=Stats: Rashid Khan becomes fastest to 100 ODI wickets |access-date=25 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

==Teams==
It was decided before the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]] that the number of participating teams at the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] would be reduced to ten. A new World Cup qualification structure was introduced where the host nation of the World Cup and the top seven other teams in the [[ICC ODI Championship]] on 30 September 2017 would qualify directly for the World Cup, with the remaining two spots being decided by the World Cup qualifying tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cricket World Cup 2019 to stay at only 10 teams|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/33296828|publisher=BBC|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> Following recent success, [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] and [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]] were promoted into the ICC ODI Championship in 2015, taking the number of teams in the ICC ODI Championship to twelve.<ref name="Ireland and Afghanistan included in ODI Championship">{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/media-releases/84879/afghanistan-and-ireland-receive-opportunity-to-qualify-for-the-icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-with-full-members|title=Ireland and Afghanistan included in ODI Championship|publisher=[[International Cricket Council]]|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202225302/http://www.icc-cricket.com/cricket-world-cup/news/2015/media-releases/84879/afghanistan-and-ireland-receive-opportunity-to-qualify-for-the-icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-with-full-members|archive-date=2 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Afghanistan and Ireland were granted [[Test status]] in 2017, making them the 11th and 12th Test-playing nations, meaning that at least two Test-playing nations would miss the World Cup for the first time.

The bottom four teams in the ICC ODI Championship ranking would be joined by the top four teams from the [[2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship]] and the two finalists of the [[2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two]] for the qualifying tournament. Therefore, at most two associate teams could qualify for the World Cup, or none if beaten by the Test playing nations.

{| class="wikitable" width="850"
! width="30%" |Means of qualification
! width="25%" |Date
! width="15%" |Venue
! width="5%" |Berths
! width="25%" |Qualified
|-
|[[ICC ODI Championship]] (Bottom 4)
|30 September 2017
|Various
| style="text-align:center;" |4
|
{{cr|WIN}}<ref name="FourTeams">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/20759874/sri-lanka-secure-world-cup-berth-windies-defeat |title=Sri Lanka secure World Cup berth after Windies defeat |access-date=20 September 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> 
{{cr|AFG|2013}}<ref name="FourTeams"/> 
{{cr|ZIM}}<ref name="FourTeams"/> 
{{cr|IRE}}<ref name="FourTeams"/>
|-
|[[2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship]]
|8 December 2017
|Various
| style="text-align:center;" |4
|
{{cr|NED}}<ref name="NedPNG">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/493905 |title=Netherlands and PNG qualify for ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2018 |date=16 October 2017 |access-date=16 October 2017 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> 
{{cr|SCO}}<ref name="Sco">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/42249353 |title=Scotland trounce Kenya to make sure of World Cup Qualifier place |date=6 December 2017 |access-date=6 December 2017 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> 
{{cr|HK}}<ref name="dates"/> 
{{cr|PNG}}<ref name="NedPNG"/>
|-
|[[2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two]]
|15 February 2018
|{{flag|Namibia}}
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|
{{cr|NEP}}<ref name="NepUAE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/623623 |title=Nepal and the UAE qualify for the ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2018 in a thrilling day's play in Namibia |access-date=13 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> 
{{cr|UAE}}<ref name="NepUAE"/>
|-
!Total
! colspan="2" |
!10
!
|}

===ICC ODI Championship===
The bottom four teams (9th to 12th places) in the ICC ODI Championship, as at 30 September 2017, did not receive automatic World Cup qualification and are required to play in the 2018 World Cup Qualifier.<ref name="icc-qual"/> Qualification by this route was finalised after the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] lost the first match of their [[West Indian cricket team in England in 2017#ODI series|ODI series against England]] in September 2017, meaning they were unable to catch any of the teams above them in the rankings by the cut-off date.<ref name="WI-Eng1">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10719/report/1031667/ |title=Bairstow's maiden century sends WI into World Cup qualifiers |access-date=19 September 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref name="WI-Eng2">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/476792 |title=Sri Lanka qualify for ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 |access-date=19 September 2017 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Afghanistan, Ireland and [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], below the West Indies in the rankings, were confirmed as having to play in the qualification tournament before this date.<ref name="FourTeams"/>

===WCL Championship===
The top four teams from the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship qualified for the 2018 World Cup Qualifier. After the conclusion of the sixth round of fixtures in the championship, both the [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]] and [[Papua New Guinea national cricket team|Papua New Guinea]] had qualified.<ref name="NedPNG"/> Following the first fixtures in round seven, they were joined by [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]]<ref name="Sco"/> and [[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]].<ref name="dates"/> The Netherlands ended up winning the tournament, with Scotland finishing second followed by Hong Kong in third and Papua New Guinea fourth.

===WCL Division Two===
The top two teams from the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two qualified for the 2018 World Cup Qualifier. [[Nepal national cricket team|Nepal]] and the [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|United Arab Emirates]] placed first and second in the round-robin stage, thus claiming the final places in the Qualifier.<ref name="NepUAE"/> The United Arab Emirates won the final of the Division Two tournament to go into Group A, with Nepal placed in Group B.<ref name="Div2Result">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8786/report/1133946/ |title=Ashfaq trumps Khadka as UAE clinch WCL Division Two title |access-date=15 February 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==Tournament format==
Initially, the teams were split into two groups of five; these groups played on a round-robin basis. Two points were awarded for a win, one point for a [[Result (cricket)#No result|no result]] and no points for a loss.<ref name="points">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/632347 |title=Final opportunity for World Cup dreamers |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> The top three teams in each group went forward to a Super Six round. The results between the progressing teams were carried forward, including the corresponding points and net run rate, while the results against the teams that finished in the bottom two places in each group were discarded.<ref name="carry">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/629321 |title=How the ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier will work |access-date=27 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Each team then played the qualifiers from the other group. The remaining four teams (that finish in the bottom two places in each group) played-off for positions 7–10. The bottom two Associate Member teams, excluding the Netherlands, were relegated to the [[2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two|ICC World Cricket League Division Two]].<ref name="rel-WCLD2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/638841 |title=Five places in Super Six up for grabs in the remaining eight matches |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

The top two teams at the end of the Super Six stage earned qualification to the 2019 World Cup, and also contested the final to determine the winner of the tournament.<ref name="fixtures"/> If the final ended as a tie, then a [[Super Over]] would have been played to decide the winner.<ref name="Final-SO">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/650392 |title=Windies aim to settle scores with Afghanistan in final |access-date=24 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> In the event of a no result, the tournament's winner would have been the side that finished highest in the Super Sixes.<ref name="Final-SO"/>

==Squads==
The following squads were named ahead of the tournament:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
!{{cr|AFG|2013}}<ref name="AfgSquad">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22330604/mujeeb-zadran-mohammad-shahzad-make-afghanistan-squad-world-cup-qualifier |title=Mujeeb, Shahzad make Afghanistan squad for World Cup qualifier |access-date=5 February 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
!{{cr|HK}}<ref name="HKSquad">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2018/articles/000002/000281.shtml |title=Chapman left out of Hong Kong squad |access-date=1 February 2018 |work=CricketEurope |archive-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126090237/https://cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2018/articles/000002/000281.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!{{cr|IRE}}<ref name="IreSquad">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/603483 |title=Ireland unveil squad for World Cup Qualifier |access-date=25 January 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
!{{cr|NEP}}<ref name="NepUAESquad">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/624695 |title=Nepal to rely on raw talent, UAE's first target is Super Six |access-date=18 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
!{{cr|NED}}<ref name="NedSquad">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/604548 |title= Netherlands reveal squad for Cricket World Cup Qualifier|access-date=28 January 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Asghar Afghan|Asghar Stanikzai]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Rashid Khan]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Javed Ahmadi]]
* [[Sharafuddin Ashraf]]
* [[Nasir Jamal]]
* [[Ihsanullah|Ihsanullah Janat]]
* [[Mohammad Nabi]]
* [[Gulbadin Naib]]
* [[Rahmat Shah Zurmatai|Rahmat Shah]]
* [[Mohammad Shahzad]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Samiullah Shinwari]]
* [[Dawlat Zadran]]
* [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]]
* [[Najibullah Zadran]]
* [[Shapoor Zadran]]
* [[Afsar Zazai]]
|
* [[Babar Hayat]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* <s>[[Ahsan Abbasi]]</s>
* [[Tanwir Afzal]]
* [[Nadeem Ahmed]]
* [[Tanveer Ahmed (cricketer)|Tanveer Ahmed]]
* [[Waqas Barkat]]
* [[Christopher Carter (cricketer)|Christopher Carter]]
* [[Aizaz Khan]]
* [[Ehsan Khan (cricketer)|Ehsan Khan]]
* [[Nizakat Khan]]
* [[Scott McKechnie]]
* [[Ehsan Nawaz]]
* [[Anshuman Rath]]
* [[Kinchit Shah]]
* [[Simandeep Singh]]
* [[Shahid Wasif]]
|
* [[William Porterfield]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Andrew Balbirnie]]
* [[Peter Chase]]
* [[George Dockrell]]
* [[Ed Joyce]]
* [[Andy McBrine|Andrew McBrine]]
* [[Barry McCarthy]]
* [[Tim Murtagh]]
* [[Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)|Kevin O'Brien]]
* [[Niall O'Brien (cricketer)|Niall O'Brien]]
* [[Boyd Rankin]]
* [[James Shannon (cricketer)|James Shannon]]
* [[Simi Singh]]
* [[Paul Stirling]]
* [[Gary Wilson (cricketer)|Gary Wilson]]
|
* [[Paras Khadka]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Dipendra Singh Airee|Dipendra Airee]]
* [[Lalit Bhandari]]
* [[Shakti Gauchan]]
* [[Sompal Kami]]
* [[Karan KC]]
* [[Sandeep Lamichhane]]
* [[Gyanendra Malla]]
* [[Dilip Nath]]
* [[Rohit Paudel]]
* [[Lalit Rajbanshi]]
* [[Basanta Regmi]]
* [[Anil Sah]]
* [[Aarif Sheikh]]
* [[Sharad Vesawkar]]
|
* [[Peter Borren]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Wesley Barresi]]
* [[Ben Cooper (cricketer)|Ben Cooper]]
* [[Ryan ten Doeschate]]
* [[Bas de Leede]]
* [[Paul van Meekeren]]
* <s>[[Stephan Myburgh]]</s>
* [[Max O'Dowd]]
* [[Scott Edwards (cricketer)|Scott Edwards]]
* [[Roelof van der Merwe]]
* [[Shane Snater]]
* [[Pieter Seelaar]]
* [[Timm van der Gugten]]
* [[Vivian Kingma]]
* [[Fred Klaassen]]
* [[Sikander Zulfiqar]]
|-
!{{cr|PNG}}<ref name="PNGSquad">{{Cite web |url=https://postcourier.com.pg/barras-squad-named-zimbabwe-world-cup-qualifiers/|title=Barras squad named for Zimbabwe World Cup Qualifiers |access-date=12 February 2018 |work=PNG Post Courier}}</ref>
!{{cr|SCO}}<ref name="ScoSquad">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/612350 |title=Scotland announce squad for World Cup Qualifier |access-date=1 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
!{{cr|UAE}}<ref name="NepUAESquad"/>
!{{cr|WIN}}<ref name="WISquad">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218040/narine-russell-pollard-darren-bravo-pick-psl-world-cup-qualifiers |title= Narine, Russell, Pollard, Darren Bravo pick PSL over WC Qualifiers |access-date=25 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
!{{cr|ZIM}}<ref name="ZimSquad">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/622973 |title=ICC confirm match officials and squads for the ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier |access-date=13 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Assad Vala]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Charles Amini]]
* [[Sese Bau]]
* [[Mahuru Dai]]
* [[Kiplin Doriga]]
* [[Jason Kila]]
* [[Vani Morea]]
* [[Alei Nao]]
* [[Damien Ravu]]
* [[John Reva]]
* [[Lega Siaka]]
* [[Chad Soper]]
* [[Tony Ura]]
* [[Norman Vanua]]
* [[Jack Vare]]
|
* [[Kyle Coetzer]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Richie Berrington]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Matthew Cross (cricketer)|Matthew Cross]]
* [[Alasdair Evans]]
* [[Michael Jones (cricketer)|Michael Jones]]
* [[Michael Leask]]
* [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]]
* [[George Munsey]]
* [[Safyaan Sharif]]
* [[Chris Sole]]
* [[Tom Sole]]
* [[Craig Wallace (cricketer)|Craig Wallace]]
* [[Mark Watt]]
* [[Brad Wheal]]
* [[Stuart Whittingham]]
|
* [[Rohan Mustafa]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Ashfaq Ahmed (Emirati cricketer)|Ashfaq Ahmed]]
* [[Qadeer Ahmed]]
* [[Shaiman Anwar]]
* [[Mohammad Boota]]
* [[Imran Haider]]
* [[Amir Hayat]]
* [[Zahoor Khan]]
* [[Adnan Mufti]]
* [[Mohammad Naveed]]
* [[Ahmed Raza (Emirati cricketer)|Ahmed Raza]]
* [[Ghulam Shabber]]
* [[Rameez Shahzad]]
* [[Chirag Suri]]
* [[Muhammad Usman (cricketer)|Muhammad Usman]]
|
* [[Jason Holder]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Jason Mohammed]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Devendra Bishoo]]
* [[Carlos Brathwaite]]
* [[Sheldon Cottrell]]
* [[Chris Gayle]]
* [[Shimron Hetmyer]]
* [[Shai Hope]]
* [[Evin Lewis]]
* [[Nikita Miller]]
* [[Ashley Nurse]]
* [[Keemo Paul]]
* [[Rovman Powell]]
* [[Kemar Roach]]
* [[Marlon Samuels]]
* [[Kesrick Williams]]
|
* [[Graeme Cremer]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* <s>[[Ryan Burl]]</s>
* [[Tendai Chatara]]
* [[Tendai Chisoro]]
* [[Craig Ervine]]
* [[Kyle Jarvis]]
* [[Hamilton Masakadza]]
* [[Solomon Mire]]
* [[Peter Moor]]
* <s>[[Tarisai Musakanda]]</s>
* [[Blessing Muzarabani]]
* [[Richard Ngarava]]
* [[Sikandar Raza]]
* [[Brendan Taylor]]
* [[Brian Vitori]]
* [[Malcolm Waller]]
* [[Sean Williams (cricketer)|Sean Williams]]
* [[Cephas Zhuwao]]
|}

Prior to the tournament, [[Stephan Myburgh]] was ruled out of the Netherlands squad due to injury and was replaced by [[Bas de Leede]].<ref name="Leede">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/625541 |title=Bas de Leede replaces injured Stephen Myburgh in Netherlands squad |access-date=21 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Zimbabwe initially named [[Ryan Burl]] and [[Tarisai Musakanda]] in their squad, but they were replaced by [[Sean Williams (cricketer)|Sean Williams]] and [[Cephas Zhuwao]].<ref name="ZimChange">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/626261 |title=Zimbabwe recall Williams and Zhuwao for World Cup Qualifier |access-date=23 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

Afghanistan's captain [[Asghar Afghan|Asghar Stanikzai]] missed the start of the tournament, after having his appendix removed.<ref name="Stanikzai">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/629599 |title=Asghar Stanikzai to miss start of CWCQ campaign |access-date=26 February 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> [[Rashid Khan]] captained Afghanistan in Stanikzai's absence.<ref name="Khan-cap">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22584401/asghar-stanikzai-miss-start-world-cup-qualifier |title=Stanikzai to miss start of World Cup Qualifier |access-date=26 February 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Stanikzai was eventually ruled out of the start of the tournament and was replaced by [[Afsar Zazai]].<ref name="Zazai">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22677854/mohammad-shahzad-suspended-world-cup-qualifier-matches |title=Mohammad Shahzad suspended from World Cup Qualifier matches |access-date=7 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Stanikzai returned to the squad, after he was declared fit to play, ahead of Afghanistan's final two Super Six matches.<ref name="AS-return">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/afghanistan/content/story/1140937.html |title=Stanikzai back for Afghanistan |access-date=19 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Stanikzai's replacement, Afsar Zazai, was ruled out of the last two matches due to injury.<ref name="AS-return"/> Following Afghanistan's match with Zimbabwe, [[Mohammad Shahzad]] was suspended for the final two group matches after being found guilty of damaging part of the ground.<ref name="Shahzad">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/637667 |title=Shahzad suspended for Afghanistan's next two matches at the World Cup Qualifiers |access-date=7 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

Zimbabwe's [[Brian Vitori]] was suspended from bowling, following the match with Nepal. He was replaced by [[Richard Ngarava]].<ref name="Vitori">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe/content/story/1139353.html |title=Brian Vitori suspended from bowling for third time |access-date=9 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> [[Sheldon Cottrell]] was replaced in the West Indies squad by [[Keemo Paul]], after Cottrell injured himself during the match against the United Arab Emirates.<ref name="Cottrell">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/638644 |title=Keemo Paul replaces Sheldon Cottrell in the Windies side |access-date=9 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Ahead of Hong Kong's group match with Scotland, [[Ahsan Abbasi]] suffered an injury and was ruled out of the tournament. He was replaced by [[Kinchit Shah]].<ref name="Abbasi">{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/hong-kong/article/2135816/its-messed-our-batting-line-hong-kong-lose-ahsan-abbasi-ahead-icc |title='It's messed up our batting line-up' – Hong Kong lose Ahsan Abbasi ahead of ICC World Cup qualifier against Scotland |access-date=17 March 2018 |work=South China Morning Post}}</ref>

==Warm-up matches==
Ten non-ODI warm-up matches were played on 27 February and 1 March.

==Group stage==
The ICC confirmed the fixtures for the tournament in January 2018. All the matches were recorded as ODIs, except those that involved the Netherlands and Nepal, as they did not have ODI status at the start of the tournament.<ref name="fixtures"/> On 8 March 2018, the venues for the final two games in Group B were switched, due to the anticipated attendance for Zimbabwe's last group match.<ref name="switch">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/638187 |title=Venue change for Zimbabwe versus Scotland fixture |access-date=8 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> On 13 March 2018, the ICC confirmed all the umpires for the Super Sixes and playoff matches.<ref name="umpires">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/643741 |title=Match Officials for Super Six and Play-offs announced |access-date=13 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

{{hatnote|All times in [[Central Africa Time]] ([[UTC+2:00]])}}

===Group A===
====Points table====
{{2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier Group A}}

====Fixtures====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|UAE}}
| team2 = {{cr|PNG}}
| score1 = 221 (49.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rohan Mustafa]] 95 (136)
| wickets1 = [[Norman Vanua]] 4/39 (9.4 overs)
| score2 = 113 (25.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Charles Amini]] 24 (31)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Naveed]] 5/28 (5.5 overs)
| result = United Arab Emirates won by 56 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1134540.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Shaun George (cricketer)|Shaun George]] (SA)
| motm = [[Mohammad Naveed]] (UAE)
| toss = Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Papua New Guinea were set a revised target of 170 runs from 28 overs due to rain.
| notes = [[Jason Kila]] (PNG) made his ODI debut.
* [[Mohammad Naveed]] (UAE) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.<ref name="Naveed5wkt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/naveed-battles-through-the-pain-to-help-uae-defeat-papua-new-guinea-in-world-cup-qualifier-opener-1.710057 |title=Naveed battles through the pain to help UAE defeat Papua New Guinea in World Cup Qualifier opener |access-date=4 March 2018 |work=The National}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IRE}}
| team2 = {{cr|NED}}
| score1 = 268/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andrew Balbirnie]] 68 (75)
| wickets1 = [[Timm van der Gugten]] 3/59 (10 overs)
| score2 = 149 (32.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Timm van der Gugten]] 33 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Tim Murtagh]] 3/28 (7 overs)
| result = Ireland won by 93 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1132999.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Andrew Balbirnie]] (Ire)
| toss = Netherlands won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Netherlands were set a revised target of 243 runs from 41 overs due to rain.
| notes = This was the first international cricket match to be played at this venue.<ref name="OldHararians">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/629552 |title=Old Hararians Sports Club|access-date=9 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PNG}}
| team2 = {{cr|IRE}}
| score1 = 235 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tony Ura]] 151 (142)
| wickets1 = [[Andy McBrine]] 3/38 (10 overs)
| score2 = 237/6 (49.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[William Porterfield]] 111 (133)
| wickets2 = [[Assad Vala]] 2/39 (10 overs)
| result = Ireland won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133002.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Langton Rusere]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Tony Ura]] (PNG)
| toss = Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Tony Ura]] scored the highest total by a batsman for Papua New Guinea in an ODI. He also scored the fourth-highest percentage of runs in a completed innings in an ODI (64.25%).<ref name="Tony150">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/637149 |title=Porterfield ton secures Ireland's second CWCQ victory |access-date=6 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref><ref name="Tony64">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133002/ireland-vs-papua-new-guinea-5th-match-group-world-cup-qualifier |title=Ireland get past PNG despite Ura brilliance |access-date=6 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| score1 = 357/4 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shimron Hetmyer]] 127 (93)
| wickets1 = [[Imran Haider]] 1/62 (10 overs)
| score2 = 297/6 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rameez Shahzad]] 112[[not out|*]] (107)
| wickets2 = [[Jason Holder]] 5/53 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 60 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133003.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Shimron Hetmyer]] (WI)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Chirag Suri]] (UAE) made his ODI debut.
* This was the first ODI match to be played at this venue.<ref name="OldHararians"/>
* [[Chris Gayle]] (WI) became the third batsman to score a century against eleven different countries in ODIs.<ref name="Gayle11">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/637366 |title=Gayle becomes third batsman to hit ODI centuries against 11 countries |access-date=7 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
* [[Shimron Hetmyer]] (WI) scored his first century in ODIs.<ref name="Hetmyer100">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133003/united-arab-emirates-vs-west-indies-6th-match-group-world-cup-qualifier |title=Gayle's six-laden 123 razes UAE |access-date=6 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
* [[Kemar Roach]] (WI) took his 100th wicket in ODIs.<ref name="Roach100">{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketworld.com/shimron-hetmyer-audio-windies-vs-uae-at-icc-world-cup-qualifier/50319.htm |title=Shimron Hetmyer Audio - Windies vs UAE at ICC World Cup Qualifier |access-date=6 March 2018 |work=Cricketworld Media Ltd.}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NED}}
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| score1 = 176 (46.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Wesley Barresi]] 37 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Rohan Mustafa]] 5/26 (9.3 overs)
| score2 = 177/4 (44 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chirag Suri]] 78[[not out|*]] (126)
| wickets2 = [[Paul van Meekeren]] 1/18 (8 overs)
| result = United Arab Emirates won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133006.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak) and [[Langton Rusere]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Rohan Mustafa]] (UAE)
| toss = Netherlands won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PNG}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 = 200 (42.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Assad Vala]] 57 (89)
| wickets1 = [[Carlos Brathwaite]] 5/27 (10 overs)
| score2 = 201/4 (43 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jason Holder]] 99[[not out|*]] (101)
| wickets2 = [[Alei Nao]] 1/16 (6 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133007.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Shaun George (cricketer)|Shaun George]] (SA) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Jason Holder]] (WI)
| toss = Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Carlos Brathwaite]] (WI) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.<ref name="Brathwaite5wkt">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/637989 |title=Windies avoid scare to edge out PNG |access-date=8 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
* Papua New Guinea could no longer qualify for the Super Sixes as a result of this match and advanced to the playoff semi-finals.<ref name="PNG-out">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133007/papua-new-guinea-vs-west-indies-10th-match-group-world-cup-qualifier |title=Holder and Brathwaite ward off PNG threat |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|IRE}}
| score1 = 257/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rovman Powell]] 101 (100)
| wickets1 = [[Tim Murtagh]] 4/41 (10 overs)
| score2 = 205 (46.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ed Joyce]] 63 (86)
| wickets2 = [[Kemar Roach]] 4/27 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 52 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133010.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Rovman Powell]] (WI)
| toss = Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Rovman Powell]] (WI) scored his first century in ODIs.<ref name="Powell100">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133010/ireland-vs-west-indies-13th-match-group-world-cup-qualifier |title=Powell century lifts West Indies to top spot |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
* West Indies qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.<ref name="WI-qual">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/638988 |title=Rovman Powell hits maiden hundred to rescue Windies and sink Ireland |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NED}}
| team2 = {{cr|PNG}}
| score1 = 216/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sikander Zulfiqar]] 53[[not out|*]] (65)
| wickets1 = [[Alei Nao]] 2/28 (6.3 overs)
| score2 = 159 (42.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Assad Vala]] 44 (58)
| wickets2 = [[Roelof van der Merwe]] 4/46 (10 overs)
| result = Netherlands won by 57 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133011.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Roelof van der Merwe]] (Ned)
| toss = Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|NED}}
| score1 = 309/6 (48 overs)
| runs1 = [[Evin Lewis]] 84 (92)
| wickets1 = [[Paul van Meekeren]] 2/37 (9 overs)
| score2 = 167/6 (28.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ryan ten Doeschate]] 67[[not out|*]] (62)
| wickets2 = [[Ashley Nurse]] 1/25 (6 overs)
| result = West Indies by 54 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133014.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Shaun George (cricketer)|Shaun George]] (SA) and [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Evin Lewis]] (WI)
| toss = Netherlands won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Netherlands were set a revised target of 222 runs from 28.4 overs due to rain.
| notes = United Arab Emirates qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match, with the Netherlands advancing to the playoff semi-finals.<ref name="UAE-qual">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/642978 |title=Netherlands fail to qualify for the Super Sixes after defeat to Windies |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IRE}}
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| score1 = 313/6 (44 overs)
| runs1 = [[Paul Stirling]] 126 (117)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Naveed]] 3/84 (9 overs)
| score2 = 91 (29.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ghulam Shabber]] 19 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Boyd Rankin]] 4/15 (6 overs)
| result = Ireland won by 226 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133015.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Langton Rusere]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Paul Stirling]] (Ire)
| toss = United Arab Emirates won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = United Arab Emirates were set a revised target of 318 runs from 44 overs due to rain.
| notes = The 205-run stand for the first wicket between [[Paul Stirling]] and [[William Porterfield]] was Ireland's highest partnership for the first wicket in ODIs.<ref name="Ireland-highest">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22735301/paul-stirling-william-porterfield-record-stand-razes-uae |title=Stirling-Porterfield record stand razes UAE |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
* [[Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)|Kevin O'Brien]] (Ire) scored his 3,000th run in ODIs.<ref name="Kevin3K">{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketireland.ie/news/article/ireland-demolishes-uae-to-put-cricket-world-cup-qualifier-campaign-back-on |title=Ireland demolishes UAE to put Cricket World Cup Qualifier campaign back on track |access-date= 12 March 2018 |work=Cricket Ireland}}</ref>
* Ireland qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.<ref name="Ire-qual">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/643007 |title=Ireland thrash UAE to cruise into Super Sixes |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}

===Group B===
====Points table====
{{2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier Group B}}

====Fixtures====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| team2 = {{cr|NEP}}
| score1 = 380/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sikandar Raza]] 123 (66)
| wickets1 = [[Basanta Regmi]] 2/69 (10 overs)
| score2 = 264/8 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sharad Vesawkar]] 52 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Sikandar Raza]] 3/48 (10 overs)
| result = Zimbabwe won by 116 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133000.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Sikandar Raza]] (Zim)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Lalit Rajbanshi]] (Nep) made his List A debut.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 4 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AFG|2013}}
| team2 = {{cr|SCO}}
| score1 = 255 (49.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mohammad Nabi]] 92 (82)
| wickets1 = [[Brad Wheal]] 3/36 (9.4 overs)
| score2 = 256/3 (47.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] 157[[not out|*]] (146)
| wickets2 = [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]] 2/47 (10 overs)
| result = Scotland won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133001.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bulawayo Athletic Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] (Sco)
| toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Rashid Khan]] captained Afghanistan for the [[Afghan national cricket captains#One Day Internationals|first time in an ODI]] and at the age of 19 years and 165 days, he became the youngest player to captain an international side.<ref name="Khan-Youngest">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/630348 |title=Why we can't get enough of Rashid Khan |access-date=4 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
* The 208-run stand for the third wicket between [[Calum MacLeod (cricketer)|Calum MacLeod]] and [[Richie Berrington]] was Scotland's highest for any wicket in ODIs.<ref name="Scotland-highest">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/634915 |title=Records fall as Calum MacLeod leads Scotland to opening win |access-date=4 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| team2 = {{cr|AFG|2013}}
| score1 = 196 (43 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendan Taylor]] 89 (88)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 3/38 (8 overs)
| score2 = 194 (49.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahmat Shah Zurmatai|Rahmat Shah]] 69 (91)
| wickets2 = [[Blessing Muzarabani]] 4/47 (10 overs)
| result = Zimbabwe won by 2 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133004.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973)|Chris Brown]] (NZ) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Sikandar Raza]] (Zim)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|HK}}
| team2 = {{cr|SCO}}
| score1 = 91 (38.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nizakat Khan]] 26 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Tom Sole]] 4/15 (10 overs)
| score2 = 92/6 (23.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kyle Coetzer]] 41[[not out|*]] (60)
| wickets2 = [[Ehsan Khan (cricketer)|Ehsan Khan]] 3/29 (6 overs)
| result = Scotland won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133005.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bulawayo Athletic Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Adrian Holdstock]] (SA) and [[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI)
| motm = [[Tom Sole]] (Sco)
| toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NEP}}
| team2 = {{cr|SCO}}
| score1 = 149 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Paras Khadka]] 63 (75)
| wickets1 = [[Stuart Whittingham]] 3/35 (10 overs)
| score2 = 153/6 (41.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kyle Coetzer]] 88[[not out|*]] (136)
| wickets2 = [[Basanta Regmi]] 2/26 (10 overs)
| result = Scotland won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133008.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973)|Chris Brown]] (NZ) and [[Adrian Holdstock]] (SA)
| motm = [[Paras Khadka]] (Nepal)
| toss = Nepal won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Paras Khadka]] became the first batsman for Nepal to score 1,000 runs in [[List A cricket]].<ref name="Scotland6"/>
* Scotland qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.<ref name="Scotland6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/638003 |title=Coetzer holds his nerve to maintain Scotland's perfect start |access-date=8 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|HK}}
| team2 = {{cr|AFG|2013}}
| score1 = 241/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anshuman Rath]] 65 (90)
| wickets1 = [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]] 3/26 (10 overs)
| score2 = 195/9 (46 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dawlat Zadran]] 40[[not out|*]] (30)
| wickets2 = [[Ehsan Khan (cricketer)|Ehsan Khan]] 4/33 (9 overs)
| result = Hong Kong won by 30 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133009.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bulawayo Athletic Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Ehsan Khan (cricketer)|Ehsan Khan]] (HK)
| toss = Afghanistan won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Afghanistan were set a revised target of 226 runs from 46 overs due to rain.
| notes = This was Hong Kong's first win against a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full members|Full Member side]] in ODIs.<ref name="HK-Afg">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22690924/afghanistan-suffer-massive-dent-world-cup-hopes |title=Afghanistan suffer massive dent to World Cup hopes |access-date=8 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| team2 = {{cr|HK}}
| score1 = 263/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hamilton Masakadza]] 84 (110)
| wickets1 = [[Ehsan Nawaz]] 4/47 (9 overs)
| score2 = 174 (46.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anshuman Rath]] 85 (117)
| wickets2 = [[Sikandar Raza]] 3/30 (10 overs)
| result = Zimbabwe won by 89 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133012.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI)
| motm = [[Hamilton Masakadza]] (Zim)
| toss = Hong Kong won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Zimbabwe qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match.<ref name="Zimbabwe6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/640519 |title=Unbeaten Windies and Zimbabwe join Scotland in the Super Six |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 10 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NEP}}
| team2 = {{cr|AFG|2013}}
| score1 = 194 (49.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Paras Khadka]] 75 (82)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Nabi]] 4/33 (10 overs)
| score2 = 195/4 (38.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Najibullah Zadran]] 52[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets2 = [[Dipendra Airee]] 2/25 (6 overs)
| result = Afghanistan won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133013.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bulawayo Athletic Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Adrian Holdstock]] (SA) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Mohammad Nabi]] (Afg)
| toss = Nepal won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|HK}}
| team2 = {{cr|NEP}}
| score1 = 153 (48.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nizakat Khan]] 47 (84)
| wickets1 = [[Sandeep Lamichhane]] 3/17 (10 overs)
| score2 = 155/5 (40.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Paudel]] 44[[not out|*]] (86)
| wickets2 = [[Ehsan Khan (cricketer)|Ehsan Khan]] 2/29 (7 overs)
| result = Nepal won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133016.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bulawayo Athletic Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973)|Chris Brown]] (NZ) and [[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI)
| motm = [[Rohit Paudel]] (Nep)
| toss = Hong Kong won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Simandeep Singh]] (HK) made his List A debut.
* Afghanistan qualified for the Super Sixes as a result of this match, with Hong Kong and Nepal advancing to the playoff semi-finals.<ref name="Afg-qual">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/642869 |title=Afghanistan through after Nepal beat Hong Kong |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| team2 = {{cr|SCO}}
| score1 = 210 (46.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Craig Ervine]] 57 (69)
| wickets1 = [[Safyaan Sharif]] 5/33 (8.4 overs)
| score2 = 210 (49.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Richie Berrington]] 47 (76)
| wickets2 = [[Graeme Cremer]] 3/21 (10 overs)
| result = Match tied
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133017.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Safyaan Sharif]] (Sco)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Safyaan Sharif]] (Sco) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.<ref name="Sharif5wkt">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133017/zimbabwe-vs-scotland-20th-match-group-b-world-cup-qualifier |title=Muzarabani holds nerve to give Zimbabwe thrilling tie |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
}}

==Play-offs==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PNG}}
| team2 = {{cr|NEP}}
| score1 = 114 (27.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Charles Amini]] 19 (18)
| wickets1 = [[Dipendra Airee]] 4/14 (4.2 overs)
| score2 = 115/4 (23 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dipendra Airee]] 50[[not out|*]] (58)
| wickets2 = [[Norman Vanua]] 2/25 (6 overs)
| result = Nepal won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133020.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Langton Rusere]] (Zim) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Dipendra Airee]] (Nep)
| toss = Nepal won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Nepal gained ODI status until 2023 and Papua New Guinea lost their ODI status as a result of this match.<ref name="NepalODI"/>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NED}}
| team2 = {{cr|HK}}
| score1 = 174 (48.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Max O'Dowd]] 62 (71)
| wickets1 = [[Nadeem Ahmed]] 3/20 (10 overs)
| score2 = 130 (43 overs)
| runs2 = [[Babar Hayat]] 52 (94)
| wickets2 = [[Roelof van der Merwe]] 4/18 (7 overs)
| result = Netherlands won by 44 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133021.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Kwekwe Sports Club]], [[Kwekwe]]
| umpires = [[Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973)|Chris Brown]] (NZ) and [[Adrian Holdstock]] (SA)
| motm = [[Max O'Dowd]] (Ned)
| toss = Netherlands won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Hong Kong lost their ODI status as a result of this match.<ref name="NepalODI"/>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 March 2018
| round = '''9th/10th position play-off'''
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PNG}}
| team2 = {{cr|HK}}
| score1 = 200 (48.2 overs)
| runs1 = [[Tony Ura]] 49 (59)
| wickets1 = [[Kinchit Shah]] 4/11 (3.2 overs)
| score2 = 142 (35.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Babar Hayat]] 37 (25)
| wickets2 = [[Charles Amini]] 4/27 (10 overs)
| result = Papua New Guinea won by 58 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133023.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Langton Rusere]] (Zim) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Charles Amini]] (PNG)
| toss = Papua New Guinea won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Simandeep Singh]] (HK) made his ODI debut.
* This was the 4,000th ODI match to be played.<ref name="4000ODI"/>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 March 2018
| round = '''7th/8th position play-off'''
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NED}}
| team2 = {{cr|NEP}}
| score1 = 189/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Bas de Leede]] 39 (91)
| wickets1 = [[Sompal Kami]] 4/24 (10 overs)
| score2 = 144 (44.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sompal Kami]] 36 (53)
| wickets2 = [[Roelof van der Merwe]] 4/19 (9 overs)
| result = Netherlands won by 45 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133024.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Kwekwe Sports Club]], [[Kwekwe]]
| umpires = [[Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973)|Chris Brown]] (NZ) and [[Adrian Holdstock]] (SA)
| motm = [[Roelof van der Merwe]] (Ned)
| toss = Netherlands won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Super Sixes==
Teams that advance to the Super Six play three further matches against the qualifiers from the other group, with the two results against teams from their own group carrying forward from the group stage. Teams also carried forward their seeding positions from the first stage to determine the fixtures for the Super Six.

===Points table===
{{2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier Super Six}}

===Fixtures===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|AFG}}
| score1 = 197/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shai Hope]] 43 (94)
| wickets1 = [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]] 3/33 (10 overs)
| score2 = 198/7 (47.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahmat Shah]] 68 (109)
| wickets2 = [[Jason Holder]] 3/39 (10 overs)
| result = Afghanistan won by 3 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133018.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]] (AFG)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Keemo Paul]] (WI) made his ODI debut.

* [[Jason Holder]] (WI) became the fastest player for the West Indies, in terms of matches, to score 1,000 runs and take 100 wickets in ODIs (74).<ref name="Holder100wkts">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/644599 |title=Nepal leave Windies in a spin to keep their hopes alive |access-date=15 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SCO}}
| team2 = {{cr|UAE}}
| score1 = 322/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Matthew Cross (cricketer)|Matthew Cross]] 114 (135)
| wickets1 = [[Rohan Mustafa]] 4/56 (10 overs)
| score2 = 249 (47.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Muhammad Usman (cricketer)|Muhammad Usman]] 80 (91)
| wickets2 = [[Chris Sole]] 4/68 (8 overs)
| result = Scotland won by 73 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133019.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Queens Sports Club]], [[Bulawayo]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI)
| motm = [[Matthew Cross (cricketer)|Matthew Cross]] (Sco)
| toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = United Arab Emirates could no longer qualify for the final as a result of this match.<ref name="UAE-out">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/644871 |title=Afghanistan add spice to World Cup Qualifiers by defeating The Windies |access-date=15 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 16 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| team2 = {{cr|IRE}}
| score1 = 211/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sikandar Raza]] 69[[not out|*]] (83)
| wickets1 = [[Tim Murtagh]] 3/36 (10 overs)
| score2 = 104 (34.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Paul Stirling]] 41 (70)
| wickets2 = [[Graeme Cremer]] 3/18 (8.2 overs)
| result = Zimbabwe won by 107 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133022.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) and [[Shaun George (cricketer)|Shaun George]] (SA)
| motm = [[Sikandar Raza]] (Zim)
| toss = Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IRE}}
| team2 = {{cr|SCO}}
| score1 = 271/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andrew Balbirnie]] 105 (146)
| wickets1 = [[Brad Wheal]] 3/43 (10 overs)
| score2 = 246 (47.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kyle Coetzer]] 61 (70)
| wickets2 = [[Boyd Rankin]] 4/63 (9.4 overs)
| result = Ireland won by 25 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133025.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Andrew Balbirnie]] (Ire)
| toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| score1 = 289 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendan Taylor]] 138 (124)
| wickets1 = [[Jason Holder]] 4/35 (10 overs)
| score2 = 290/6 (49 overs)
| runs2 = [[Marlon Samuels]] 86 (80)
| wickets2 = [[Blessing Muzarabani]] 2/36 (9 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133026.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Simon Fry]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Marlon Samuels]] (WI)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Sean Williams (cricketer)|Sean Williams]] (Zim) scored his 3,000th run in ODIs.<ref name="Williams3k">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/647854 |title=Windies overcome late scare to beat Zimbabwe in crucial Qualifier match |access-date=19 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
* [[Brendan Taylor]] (Zim) scored his tenth century in ODIs.<ref name="Taylor10">{{Cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8038/report/1133026/zimbabwe-vs-west-indies-29th-match-super-sixes-world-cup-qualifier |title=Holder, Samuels take West Indies closer to World Cup |access-date=19 March 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
* This was the West Indies' fifth-highest successful run-chase in ODIs.<ref name="Taylor10"/>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 20 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|UAE}}
| team2 = {{cr-rt|Afghanistan}}
| score1 = 177 (43 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shaiman Anwar]] 64 (87)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 5/41 (9 overs)
| score2 = 178/5 (34.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Gulbadin Naib]] 74[[not out|*]] (97)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Naveed]] 2/37 (8 overs)
| result = Afghanistan won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133027.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Hararians]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Adrian Holdstock]] (SA)
| motm = [[Gulbadin Naib]] (AFG)
| toss = United Arab Emirates won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|SCO}}
| score1 = 198 (48.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Evin Lewis]] 66 (87)
| wickets1 = [[Safyaan Sharif]] 3/27 (9 overs)
| score2 = 125/5 (32.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Richie Berrington]] 33 (68)
| wickets2 = [[Kemar Roach]] 2/20 (7 overs)
| result = West Indies won by 5 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133028.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Shaun George (cricketer)|Shaun George]] (SA) and [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Safyaan Sharif]] (Sco)
| toss = Scotland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = West Indies qualified for the [[2019 ICC Cricket World Cup]] as a result of this match.<ref name="WI1"/>
* Scotland could no longer qualify for the final as a result of this match.<ref name="Scotland">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/649219 |title=Rain takes Windies to next year's World Cup |access-date=21 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 22 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|UAE}}
| team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}
| score1 = 235/7 (47.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rameez Shahzad]] 59 (61)
| wickets1 = [[Sikandar Raza]] 3/41 (10 overs)
| score2 = 226/7 (40 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sean Williams (cricketer)|Sean Williams]] 80 (80)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Naveed]] 3/40 (8 overs)
| result = United Arab Emirates won by 3 runs ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133029.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Gregory Brathwaite]] (WI) and [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Mohammad Naveed]] (UAE)
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Zimbabwe were set a revised target of 230 runs from 40 overs due to rain.
| notes = [[Shaiman Anwar]] became the first batsman for the United Arab Emirates to score 1,000 runs in ODIs.<ref name="UAE-Zim">{{Cite web |url=https://www.crictracker.com/icc-world-cup-qualifiers-2018-zimbabwe-vs-uae-statistical-highlights/ |title=ICC World Cup Qualifiers, 2018: Zimbabwe vs UAE – Statistical Highlights |access-date=22 March 2018 |work=CricTracker}}</ref>
* This was the United Arab Emirates' first win against a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full members|Full Member side]] in ODIs.<ref name="UAE-Zim"/>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IRE}}
| team2 = {{cr-rt|Afghanistan}}
| score1 = 209/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Paul Stirling]] 55 (87)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan]] 3/40 (10 overs)
| score2 = 213/5 (49.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Shehzad]] 54 (66)
| wickets2 = [[Simi Singh]] 3/30 (10 overs)
| result = Afghanistan won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133030.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng) and [[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]] (WI)
| motm = [[Mohammad Shahzad]] (AFG)
| toss = Ireland won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Niall O'Brien (cricketer)|Niall O'Brien]] (Ire) played in his 100th ODI.<ref name="O'Brien100">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/650192 |title=Five places in Super Six up for grabs in the remaining eight matches |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
* Afghanistan qualified for the [[2019 ICC Cricket World Cup]] as a result of this match.<ref name="Afg-Qual"/>
* Ireland and Zimbabwe could no longer qualify for the final as a result of this match.<ref name="Afg-Qual"/><ref name="IreZim">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/649766 |title=UAE give Afghanistan and Ireland World Cup life |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>
}}

==Final==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 March 2018
| time = 09:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|AFG|2013}}
| score1 = 204 (46.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rovman Powell]] 44 (75)
| wickets1 = [[Mujeeb Ur Rahman]] 4/43 (9.5 overs)
| score2 = 206/3 (40.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Shahzad]] 84 (93)
| wickets2 = [[Chris Gayle]] 2/38 (5.4 overs)
| result = Afghanistan won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1133031.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
| umpires = [[Simon Fry]] (Aus) [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Mohammad Shahzad]] (Afg)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Shai Hope]] (WI) scored his 1,000th run in ODIs.<ref name="Hope1K">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/mujeeb-orchestrates-afghanistan-triumph/295302 |title=Mujeeb orchestrates Afghanistan triumph |access-date=25 March 2018 |work=Wisden India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325163333/https://www.wisdenindia.com/match-report/mujeeb-orchestrates-afghanistan-triumph/295302 |archive-date=25 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Rashid Khan]] (Afg) took his 100th wicket in ODIs.<ref name="Khan100"/>
}}

==Final standings==
These were the final standings at the end of the tournament:<ref name="result"/>

{{2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier final standings}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/1132997/icc-world-cup-qualifiers Series home at ESPN Cricinfo]

{{ICC WCL 2012-18}}
{{ICC World Cup Qualifier}}
{{Cricket World Cup}}
{{International cricket in 2017–18}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cricket World Cup Qualifier, 2018}}
[[Category:2019 Cricket World Cup|Qualifier]]
[[Category:2018 in cricket|World Cup Qualifier]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2017–18|World Cup Qualifier]]
[[Category:2012–18 ICC World Cricket League|World Cup Qualifier, 2018]]
[[Category:Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2018]]
[[Category:March 2018 sports events in Africa|Cricket World Cup Qualifier]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in Zimbabwe]]

Dimasa people

2026-01-22T15:54:16Z

Svetlbwz: formatting fix

{{short description|Ethnolinguistic group in Assam and Nagaland, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Essay|date=September 2020}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Dimasa Kachari
| population = 262,413 (2011 Census)
| region1 = {{flagcountry|India}} ([[Assam]])
| pop1 = 142,961 (2011, Dimasa-Kachari,in hill districts of Assam only)
| ref1 = <ref>{{cite web |title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community - Assam |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14/ST-18-00-014-DDW-2011.XLS |website=census.gov.in |access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref>
| languages = [[Dimasa language|Dimasa]]
| religions = Predominanty:[[Dimasa people#Religion|Suaithai/Sowaithai, Dimasa folk religion]] ([[Folk religion]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daikhos of Dimasas: The Regional Form of Practice and Dharma|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378794218_Daikhos_of_Dimasas_The_Regional_Form_of_Practice_and_Dharma}}</ref> 
Minority: syncretism of [[Dimasa people#Religion|Suaithai]] & [[Hinduism]] by [[Barmans in Cachar|Dimasas of Cachar]] For more details, see [[Dimasa people#Religion|Religion]]
| footnotes =
| native_name = Dimasa
| native_name_lang =
| image = Barman Dimasa Girl.jpg
| caption = Barman Dimasa girls perform Baidima, the traditional dance of Dimasa.
| related = other [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman peoples]] 
([[Chakma people]], [[Naga people|Naga]], [[Chin people|Chin]], [[Jingpo people|Jinpho]], [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]], [[Bamar people|Bamar]])
}}
The '''Dimasa people''' or '''Dimasa Kachari people''' are an ethnolinguistic community presently inhabiting in [[Assam]] and [[Nagaland]] states in [[Northeast India|Northeastern India]]. They speak [[Dimasa language|Dimasa]], a [[Tibeto-Burman language]]. This community is fairly homogeneous and exclusive, with members required to draw from both parents' separate clans. The [[Dimasa kingdom]], one of many early states in [[Assam]] following the downfall of [[Kamarupa kingdom]], was established by these people.<ref>"Another local kingdom ... was that of the Dimasas in the north Cachar hills. They were known to the Ahoms as Timisa, clearly a corruption of Dimasa..." {{harvcol|Shin|2020|p=61}}</ref>

The Dimasas are one of the oldest inhabitants of the Northeastern part of India and are one of the many [[Kachari tribe]]s.

Dimasa appear to be one of the earliest indigenous ethnic groups of northeastern India. They are a part of the greater [[Kachari tribe|Bodo-Kachari]] family of ethnolinguistic groups of Northeast India which includes [[Boro people|Boro]], [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]], [[Rabha people|Rabha]], [[Garo people|Garo]], [[Tiwa Puebloans|Tiwa]], [[Koch people|Koch]], [[Moran people|Moran]] etc. peoples of northeast India. They speak [[Dimasa language|Dimasa]] language a [[Boro–Garo languages|Boro-Garo]] language of the [[Tibeto-Burman]] family.

==Etymology==
It stands for ''Di-ma-sa'' meaning ''people of big waters''<ref>{{harvcol|Ramirez|2007|p=93}}</ref> referring to the stream of upper tributary of Brahmaputra i.e. [[Lohit River|Lohit]] (known as ''Dilao'' in Dimasa),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thousen |first=Vandana |title=The Dimasa Narrative of Origin, Migration and Dispersal in the Rhetoric of Identity Construction. |url=https://ijrcs.org/wp-content/uploads/IJRCS202111011.pdf |website=ijrcs.org}}</ref> which is in Arunachal today. There is also an endonym within the tribe called as ''Ha-Tseng-Tsa'' or ''Ha-Cheng-Sa'' meaning ''people of the soil/sand''. ''Ha-Tseng-Sa'' could have been the original name of the tribe before setting down in the valley between Dilao ([[Lohit River|Lohit]]) and Tsang river ([[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]). This is reflected in the folk lores of Dimasa royal clans as well as in the descent and titles of the King.

==History==
Ancient Dimasa tradition maintains that sixty thousand (60,000) Moon months ([[Lunar months]]) ago, they left their ancestral land when it suffered a severe [[drought]]. After long wandering, they settled at ''Di-lao-bra Tsangi-bra'', the confluence of the Dilao ([[Lohit River|Lohit river]]) and Sangi or Di-tsang ([[Brahmaputra River|Brahamputra]]), they were instrumental in establishing the [[Dimasa kingdom]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Baruah|first=Manjeet|title=Buranjis and Sankari Culture: Language and Narrative in Pre-colonial Textual Traditions|date=2020-11-29|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003157281-4|work=Frontier Cultures|pages=41–75|publisher=Routledge India|doi=10.4324/9781003157281-4|isbn=9781003157281|s2cid=229455719|access-date=2021-11-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
The Dimasas were till recently agricultural, centering on shifting agriculture; but in recent times this has changed with profound changes in the community.<ref>{{harvcol|Ramirez|2007|p=94}}</ref> Following political problems in the 18th century, the Dimasa ruler moved further south in the plains of Cachar and there took place a division among them–with the hills Dimasa maintaining their traditional living and political exclusiveness, the plains Dimasas have made no attempt to assert themselves.<ref>" Culturally speaking, present-day Cachar Dimasa can hardly be distinguished from the Bengali majority and they seem to make little attempt politically to assert their identity. In the hills, however, Dimasa remained demographically dominant whilst cohabiting with Hmar-Kukis and Zemi Nagas." {{harvcol|Ramirez|2007|p=93}}</ref>

==Ethnicity==
Based on cultural and religious differences, The Dimasa people are classified into two separate groups. The Dimasas of highlands are recognized officially as "Dimasa" in documents while the '''Dimasa''' diaspora in the plains of [[Cachar district|Cachar]] who converted to Hinduism in 19th century are known as Barmans and formally recognized as "Barmans in Cachar" by Government to distinguish them from Barman Kacharis, a distinct group living in western Assam.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kolb |first1=Michael R. |title=Out Of The Hills Young Dimasas and Traditional Religion |date=2019 |publisher=North Eastern Social Research Centre |location=Assam |isbn=978-81-938785-0-7 |page=30}}</ref> The Dimasas, inhabiting in the Cachar district are officially recognized as one of the [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|Scheduled Tribes]] under the plains category in [[Assam]] in the name called “[[Barmans in Cachar]]”.

==Distribution==
{{CSS image crop
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|bSize = 937
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|oLeft = 600
|Location = right
|Description = Distribution of Dimasa, as reported in the Language Survey of India 1903
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[[File:Kachari palace.JPG|thumb|200px|Baroduwar Dimasa Kachari Palace, Khaspur in Cachar dist]]
[[File:Symbol of Treaty between Dimasa King & Ahom king.jpg|thumb|200px|Architectural stones inscription of Dimasa King Naranarayan Hasnusa at Maibang]]

They live mostly in [[Dima Hasao District]], an administrative autonomous district of the Indian state of [[Assam]] that includes the ravines of the [[Jatinga]] Valley and Dhansiri Valley, [[Diphu]] City and Howraghat region of [[Karbi Anglong district]] (East), West Karbi Anglong, [[Kampur]] region of [[Nagaon district]], [[Hojai district]], [[Cachar district]], Hailakandi district, Karimganj district of [[Assam]] and [[Dimapur district]] of [[Nagaland]] and parts in [[Jiribam district]] of [[Manipur]] respectively.

== Religion ==
The Dimasa are still following the ancient animistic/shamanic faith. A syncretism of the traditional faith and Hinduism can be seen in Dimasas inhabiting Cachar.

kailash Kumar Chhetri (Ecological Significance of the Traditional Beliefs and Practices of Dimasa Tribe, 2001) has also written while mentioning the Dimasa life system. Dimasa people has its unique social system. This social system has its own culture, tradition, and religious beliefs and practices, which are related to the land and nature of their residence. Land and nature are the source of their economy, culture, history, and Dharmic heritage.

Regarding the Dimasa belief, on the one hand, Sidney Endley (The Kacharies, 1911:33), declaring it animistic, has written that, as a rule, neither idols nor worship is found in a typical Dimasa village, But in the mind and imagination of the Dimasa the earth, air, and sky alike are inhabited by a large number of invisible spiritual beings, commonly known as Madai.

On the other hand, Humi Thousen (2019) has cited various references of Dipali Danda (Among the Dimasas of Assam, 1988) and S.K. Barpujari (History of the Dimasas from the Earliest times to 1896, 1997), Using it, it is written that six gods, who are considered as the ancestral deities of the Dimasas, have authority over the entire Dimasa land. Thus came the concept of 'Area God' among the Dimasas. As the entire Dimasa land is under their control, hence they have unstructured mythological shrines in different areas of the traditional Dimasa area. It is believed that the gods and goddesses living in a particular sacred area protect the people there and control their destiny. These unstructured shrines are called Daikho, whose number is widely believed to be twelve. As an actual empirical fact in the Dimasas, the concept of Madai as the supreme God and Daikho as the house of that God is found. The meaning of Daikho is made up of two words Madai or Dai and Kho, which is considered as the house of God. Hence, it is clear that Dimasa Kachari also gives an important place in their Dharmic structure to the twelve Daikhos present in their entire region along with various abstract states. Dimasa Life: Dharmic Beliefs, Systems<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daikhos of Dimasas: The Regional Form of Practice and Dharma|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378794218_Daikhos_of_Dimasas_The_Regional_Form_of_Practice_and_Dharma}}</ref>

== Language ==
{{further|Dimasa language}}The [[Dimasa language]] is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Dimasa people in Assam and Nagaland, India. It belongs to the Boro-Garo group of Kachari-Kachin-Konyak([[Sal languages|SAL languages]]) sub-branch and is closely related to languages like Boro, Kokborok, and Garo. Dimasa is agglutinative, forming words through processes such as prefixation, suffixation, compounding, reduplication, and onomatopoeia. It has a rich phonological system with six vowels and sixteen consonants and uses both Latin and Eastern Nagari scripts for writing. As of the 2011 census, there are approximately 137,184 native speakers of Dimasa, though the language is considered vulnerable due to limited use outside the home environment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Evans |first=Jonathan P. |last2=Langthasa |first2=Dhrubajit |date=2023-01-01 |title=Dimasa language- structure and texts |url=https://www.academia.edu/55350183/Dimasa_language_structure_and_texts |journal=Language and Linguistics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Academia Sinica - Research Findings {{!}} New Publication of "Dimasa Language: Structure and Texts" by ILAS |url=https://www.sinica.edu.tw/en/News_Content/36/2577 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=www.sinica.edu.tw |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Culture==
=== Society ===
The traditional village headman, who is at the top of the village administration, is a Khunang. He has both executive and judiciary powers.
He is assisted by another official called the Dillik (Assistant Headman). Next to him is Daulathu who occupies the third place. Next to the Daulathu is the Haphaisgao, who holds office for two years. Other village officials include Phrai, Montri, Hangsbukhu, and Jalairao.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Haflongbar|first1=Sangeeta|last2=De|first2=Aparajita|date=2017-12-01|title=Traditional Knowledge of Plant Classification among Dimasa Tribe of Dima Hasao District, Assam, India|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v59/2017/115986|journal=Nelumbo|volume=59|issue=1|pages=71|doi=10.20324/nelumbo/v59/2017/115986|s2cid=134950348 |issn=0976-5069|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Clans===
The Dimasas form a "sealed" society—every member drawing his or her patriarchal lineage from one of the forty two male clans (''sengphong''—"holder of the sword") and the matriarchal lineage from one of the forty-two female clans (''jalik'' or ''julu'').<ref>{{harvcol|Ramirez|2007|p=2007}}</ref> These clans are distributed among twelve territorial "sacred groves" called ''daikho''s.

Dimasa men are divided into 40 patriarchal clans. These are:<ref>{{Cite web|last=Surnames|first=Dimasa|date=2021-04-25|title=Dimasa language surnames {{!}} Dimasa surnames list or last name|url=https://dimasathairili.blogspot.com/2020/12/Dimasa-surnames.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221050838/https://dimasathairili.blogspot.com/2020/12/Dimasa-surnames.html |archive-date=21 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Monograph Series|first=Census of India|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3161/1/44945_1961_DIM.pdf|title=Dimasa Kacharis of Assam|publisher=Government of India|year=1961|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=9em}}
* Ardaosa
* Mitherpangsa
* Diphusa
* Hagjersa
* Thaosensa
* Phonglosa
* Sengyungsa
* Raijungsa
* Bader-Baiga
* Daulagajao
* Daolagupu
* Hojaisa
* Kemprai
* Jidungsa
* Baindosa (Nunisa)
* Khersa
* Hasnu
* Haflongbar
* Bodosa/Bathari
* Hapila
* Diruwasa
* Naidingsa
* Daodunglangtha
* Karigapsa
* Joraisa
* Hasamsa
* Nabensa
* Dibragede
* Langthasa
* Girisa
* Porbosa
* Maibangsa
* Johorisa
* Sorongpang
* Gorlosa
* Hakmaosa
* Maramsa
* Jarambusa
* Labtaisa
* Laobangdisa
{{div col end}}

===Festivals===
Since 1994 as per the decision of Dimasa community of Dima Hasao, the Autonomous Council of Dima Hasao had officially declared 27 January as [[Busu Dima]] festival day.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dimasa Cachari|date=2014-01-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004263925_007|work=Tribal Architecture in Northeast India|pages=53–55|publisher=BRILL|doi=10.1163/9789004263925_007|isbn=9789004263925|access-date=2021-11-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== Dress and ornaments ===

====Ornaments====
The male Dimasa use only two types of ornaments namely Yaocher and Kharik.

Females use:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/109299087227903/photos/a.193854315439046/313043986853411/|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
* ''Phowal'': necklace made of expensive Coral and Real silver metal beads; also worn by males
* ''Jongsama'': necklace made of micro-beads of any colour, with coral and silver beads in between.
* ''Rangbarsha'': necklace made of coins.
* ''Chandrawal'': necklace made of three silver chains with flower shapes.
* ''Rmailik'': necklace made of micro-beads; the colour pattern is same with the Rijamphain beren or Rmai (chest wrapper)
* ''Likjao'': necklace made of Red micro beads
* ''Likshim'': necklace made of black micro beads
* ''Khadu'': heavy silver bangle
* ''Khamaothai'': silver or gold earring
* ''Yaoshidam'': finger ring<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2017-05-23|title=JPAM Doctoral Dissertation Listing 2016|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.22001|journal=Journal of Policy Analysis and Management|volume=36|issue=3|pages=713–735|doi=10.1002/pam.22001|issn=0276-8739|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== Dances ===
The dance forms of the Dimasa Kachari are complex in character.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dance|first=Baidima|date=|title=Baidima Dance {{!}} Dimasa Traditional Dance {{!}} Baidima Folk Dance of Assam - Traditional Folk Dances of India|url=https://dimasathairili.blogspot.com/2021/04/Baidima-dance-traditional-folk-dances.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425170337/https://dimasathairili.blogspot.com/2021/04/Baidima-dance-traditional-folk-dances.html |access-date=2021-04-25|website=|archive-date=25 April 2021 }}</ref>

Any Dimasa dance is called Baidima ( Bai-means dance, Dima-means Dimasa).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Janssen|first=Rosalind|date=2021-02-01|title=The Pleated Dress of Nywty|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.48080/jae.v17i1.3|journal=PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology|volume=17|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.48080/jae.v17i1.3|s2cid=234010733|issn=1567-214X|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Notable people==

* [[Nandita Garlosa]], politician

== See also ==
* [[Dimaraji]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{wikicite
| reference = {{cite report
| title=Annexure - Ib: List of Notified Scheduled Tribes
| publisher=Census of India
| url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf
| year=2011
| access-date=30 June 2019
}}
| ref = {{harvid|ST List|2011}}
}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Jacquesson|first=François|date=2008|title=Discovering Boro-Garo|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_32_02.pdf|journal=History of an Analytical and Descriptive Linguistic Category}}
* Bareh, H. ''Gazetteer of India''
* Barman, N. K. ''Queen of Cachar of Herambo and the History of the Kachchhari''
* Barpujari, S. K. (ed) (1997) ''History of the Dimasas: from the earliest times to 1896 AD'', Haflong: Autonomous Council, N.C. Hills District (Assam) .
* {{cite thesis|type=PhD|first=Uttam|last=Bathari|title=Memory History and polity a study of dimasa identity in colonial past and post colonial present|publisher=Gauhati University|year=2014|hdl=10603/115353}}
* {{Citation |last=Bhattacharjee |first=J. B. |contribution=The Kachari (Dimasa) state formation |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H. K. |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2 |pages=391–397 |publisher=Assam Publication Board |place=Guwahati |year=1992}}
* Bordoloi, B. N. (1988) ''The Dimasa Kachari'', Tribal Research Institute of Assam, Guwahati.
* Danda, D. (1989) ''The Dimasa Kacharis of Assam'', Concept Publishing co. New Delhi.
* Gait, Edward A. (1906) ''A History of Assam'', Calcutta 1906.
* Rhodes, N. G. and Bose, S. K. (2006) ''A History of the Dimasa Kacharis - As Seen through Coinage'' New Delhi : Mira Basu Publishers.
* Roy, Babul (1998) "Socio-Cultural and Environmental Dimensions of Tribal Health: A Study among the Dimasa Kacharis and the Zeme Nagas of N. C. Hills in Assam" ''Ph. D. Thesis'' (Unpublished), Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam (India).
* Roy, Babul (2000) "Medical Pluralism and Pattern of Acceptance of Medicine among the Dimasa Kacharis of Assam" ''The Journal of Human Ecology''. Kamal-Raj Pub., Delhi.
* Roy, Babul (2002) "Descent groupings, belief system and social structure among the Dimasa Kacharies of Assam", ''Man in India'', Vol.82,No.1&2.
* {{citation |last=Ramirez |first=Ramirez |year=2007 |chapter=Politico-ritual variations on the Assamese fringes: Do social systems exist? |pages=91–107 |title=Social Dynamics in the Highlands of Southeast Asia Reconsidering Political Systems of Highland Burma |editor-first=Mandy |editor-last=Sadan |editor-first2=François |editor-last2=Robinne. |place=Boston |publisher=Brill}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Shin|first1=Jae-Eun|year=2020|title=Descending from demons, ascending to kshatriyas: Genealogical claims and political process in pre-modern Northeast India, The Chutiyas and the Dimasas|journal=The Indian Economic and Social History Review|volume=57|issue=1|pages=49–75|doi=10.1177/0019464619894134|s2cid=213213265}}
{{refend}}

{{Assam}}
{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}

[[Category:Bodo-Kachari]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Hindu ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Social groups of Assam]]
[[Category:Tribes of Assam]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Dimasa people| ]]

Shreya Singhal v. Union of India

2026-01-16T12:15:07Z

Svetlbwz: Added the bio w/ refs

{{Short description|Online Free Speech & IT Act, 2000}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox court case
|name = Shreya Singhal v. Union of India
|court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagelink =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|full name = Shreya Singhal and Ors. v. Union of India
|date decided = 24 March 2015
|citations = AIR 2015 SC 1523; [https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Honorable-Supreme-Court-order-dated-24th-March%202015.pdf Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 167 OF 2012]
|ECLI =
|transcripts =
|judges = [[Rohinton Fali Nariman|R.F. Nariman]], [[Jasti Chelameswar|J. Chelameshwar]]
|number of judges = 2
|decision by = R.F. Nariman
|concurring =
|dissenting =
|concur/dissent =
|prior actions =
|appealed from =
|appealed to =
|subsequent actions =
|related actions =
|opinions =
|keywords = 
|italic title =
}}

'''''Shreya Singhal v. Union of India'''''<ref>{{cite web|title=Shreya Singhal v. Union of India|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/110813550/|website=indiankanoon.org/|accessdate=3 July 2022}}, AIR 2015 SC 1523, Supreme Court of India.</ref> is a judgement by a two-judge bench of the [[Supreme Court of India]] in 2015, on the issue of online speech and intermediary liability in India. The Supreme Court struck down Section 66A of the [[Information Technology Act, 2000]], relating to restrictions on online speech, as unconstitutional on grounds of violating the [[freedom of speech]] guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the [[Constitution of India]]. The Court further held that the Section was not saved by virtue of being a 'reasonable restriction' on the freedom of speech under Article 19(2). The Supreme Court also read down Section 79 and Rules under the Section. It held that online intermediaries would only be obligated to take down content on receiving an order from a court or government authority. The case is considered a watershed moment for online free speech in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indconlawphil.wordpress.com/2015/03/26/the-striking-down-of-section-66a-how-indian-free-speech-jurisprudence-found-its-soul-again/|title=Gautam Bhatia, The Striking Down of Section 66A|last=|first=|date=26 March 2015|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>

== Background ==
=== History of Section 66A ===
{{Main|Information Technology Act, 2000#Section 66A and restriction of free speech}}

Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 made it a punishable offence for any person to send 'grossly offensive' or 'menacing' information using a computer resource or communication device. The provision also made it punishable to persistently send information which the sender knows to be false for annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, criminal intimidation, enmity, hatred or ill will. Additionally, Section 66A made it punishable to send an [[email|'electronic mail message']] for the purpose of causing annoyance, or inconvenience, or to deceive or to mislead the recipient about the origin of the message.

The vague and arbitrary terms used in the Section led to much misuse of both personal and political nature, with several criminal cases being instituted against innocuous instances of online speech, including political commentary and humour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/section-66-a-instances-of-alleged-abuse-on-social-media/|title=Section 66A: Seven instances of alleged abuse on social media|last=|first=|date=24 March 2015|website=|publisher=Indian Express|access-date=}}</ref> Section 66A and 79 of the IT Act, as well as rules made under the Act<ref>Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines) Rules, 2011, (http://dispur.nic.in/itact/it-intermediaries-guidelines-rules-2011.pdf)</ref> created an onerous liability regime for internet [[intermediaries]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/intermediary-liability-in-india.pdf|title=Intermediary Liability in India|last=Dara|first=Rishabh|date=|website=Centre for Internet and Society|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>

===History of the case===
The provisions were challenged in the Supreme Court, in a series of [[writ]] petitions by individuals ([[Shreya Singhal]]), [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]] ([[People's Union for Civil Liberties]], Common Cause), and companies([[Mouthshut.com]]). The various petitions were clubbed together and heard by a two-judge bench of Justices Chelameswar and Nariman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sflc.in/supreme-court-hearing-on-it-act-petitions/|title=Supreme Court hearing on IT Act petitions|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Software Freedom Law Centre India|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref>

== Judgement ==
In a 52-page judgement, the Supreme Court struck down Section 66-A of the Information Technology Act,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Information Technology Act|url=http://nyaaya.in/law/739/the-information-technology-act-2000/|website=nyaaya.in|accessdate=2017-02-16}}</ref> read down Section 79 of the Information Technology Act and the related rules, and affirmed the constitutionality of Section 69A of the Act.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Speaking for the Court, Justice Nariman discussed the various standards which are applicable to adjudge when restrictions on speech can be deemed reasonable, under Article 19(2) of the Indian Constitution. The Court held that Section 66-A was vague and over-broad, and therefore fell foul of Article 19(1)(a), since the statute was not narrowly tailored to specific instances of speech which it sought to curb. Importantly, the Court also considered the 'chilling effect' on speech caused by vague and over-broad statutory language as a rationale for striking down the provision. Further, the Court held that the 'public order' restriction under Article 19(2) of the Constitution would not apply to cases of 'advocacy', but only to 'incitement', specifically incitement which has a proximate relation to public disorder.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

On the equal protection challenge [[Article 14 of the Constitution of India]], the Court also held that ''"we are unable to agree with counsel for the petitioners that there is no intelligible differentia between the medium of print, broadcast and real live speech as opposed to speech on the internet. The intelligible differentia is clear – the internet gives any individual a platform which requires very little or no payment through which to air his views."'' <ref>Para 98, Shreya Singhal v Union of India</ref>

The Supreme Court further read down Section 79 and Rule 3(4) of the Intermediaries Guidelines, under the Act, which deals with the liability of intermediaries, mostly those which host content and provide online services. Whereas the Section itself uses the term 'receiving actual knowledge', of the illegal material as the standard at which the intermediary is liable for removing content, the Court held that it must be read to mean knowledge received that a Court order has been passed asking it to take down the infringing material.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Finally, the Court also upheld the secret blocking process under Section 69A of the Act, by which the Government can choose to take down content from the Internet, holding that it did not suffer from the infirmities in Section 66A or Section 79, and is a narrowly drawn provision with adequate safeguards.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

== Significance ==

While the decision of the Supreme Court is of immense significance in protecting online free speech against arbitrary restrictions, Section 66A, which was declared unconstitutional, has continued to be used as a punitive measure against online speech in several cases.

The reading down of Section 79 of the IT act by the Supreme Court, to include the requirement that a takedown notice must be sanctioned by a court or government authority, has also been interpreted by the [[Delhi High Court]] in the case of MySpace v. Super Cassettes, to not apply to cases of copyright infringement under the Indian Copyright Act.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

== See also ==

* [[Ambikesh Mahapatra]]
* [[Nupur Sharma]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Internet case law]]
[[Category:Internet censorship in India]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases in 2015]]

2022 Manipur landslide

2026-01-06T01:44:21Z

Svetlbwz: Done

{{Short description|Landslide in Manipur, Northeast India}}
{{Infobox event
| title = 2022 Manipur landslide
| image = {{Location map | India Manipur#India
| places =
|lat= 24.8
|long= 93.6
|label=Landslide
|mark=Red pog.svg
| position = top
| caption =
| width = 260
| float = right
| relief = yes
}}
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| english_name =
| time = {{tooltip|≈|Approximately}}02:00 [[India Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/30/many-dead-dozens-missing-as-huge-landslide-hits-indias-manipur|title=Many dead, dozens missing as huge landslide hits India's Manipur|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref>
| duration =
| date = 30 June 2022
| venue =
| location = [[Noney District]], [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| also_known_as =
| type = [[Landslide]]
| theme =
| cause =
| first_reporter =
| filmed_by =
| participants =
| outcome =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| reported deaths = 58<ref name="HindustanTimesSlide"/>
| reported injuries = 18<ref name="HindustanTimesSlide"/>
| reported missing = 3<ref name="HindustanTimesSlide"/>
| reported property damage =
| burial =
| notes =
}}

A large [[landslide]] occurred in [[Nona district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Manipur]] near the [[Tupul railway station|Tupul]] railway construction site on the night of 30 June 2022.<ref name="Laithangbam1">{{cite news |last1=Laithangbam |first1=Iboyaima |title=8 killed, 45 missing in massive landslide in Manipur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/8-killed-72-missing-in-massive-landslide-in-manipur/article65586274.ece |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 July 2022}}</ref> It killed 58 people and three people were missing.<ref name="HindustanTimesSlide">{{cite news |title=Manipur landslide: 2 more bodies recovered after search op officially ended |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/manipur-landslide-2-more-bodies-recovered-after-search-op-officially-ended-101658644650112.html |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 July 2022}}</ref> Eighteen people were injured. Twenty-nine [[Indian Army]] personnel and 29 civilians were among the deceased. Of the missing three people, two were civilians and one was an Indian Army personnel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manipur Landslide Search Operations Called Off; Final Toll at 61 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/manipur-landslide-search-ops-called-off-final-toll-at-61-5593105.html |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=News 18 |date=20 July 2022}}</ref>

==Landslide==
The landslide occurred in the district of [[Noney district|Noney]], at 107 Territorial Army Camp, near the [[Tupul railway station|Tupul]] railway construction site of the [[Imphal railway station#Jiribam|Jiribam–Imphal line]] of [[Indian Railways]]. The initial eight confirmed fatalities were members of the [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]. The group acted as security personnel for a railroad construction that would connect [[Jiribam railway station]] to Manipur's capital city [[Imphal]]. The landslide occurred near the Ijei river where it created a [[dam]]. Rescuers believed it could lead to major flooding if the dam gave way, causing a larger disaster.<ref name="Choudhury1">{{cite news |last1=Choudhury |first1=Ratnadip |title=8 Dead, 50 Missing After Massive Landslide At Manipur Mega Train Project Site |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/many-feared-trapped-after-landslide-at-manipur-mega-train-project-site-3114489 |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=30 June 2022}}</ref> The landslide was attributed to weak soil due to prolonged exposure, rain and human factors. Experts at [[Manipur University]] said that nearly all landslides in the region have been caused by the poor [[lithology]]—fractured rocks, steep slopes and unstable mass were contributing factors. It was likely that the water-clogged soil liquefied and destabilized, causing the landslide.<ref name="Samom">{{cite news |last1=Samom |first1=Sobhapati |title=Manipur landslide: Weak soil, incessant rain, anthropogenic pressure to blame, say experts |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/natural-disasters/manipur-landslide-weak-soil-incessant-rain-anthropogenic-pressure-to-blame-say-experts-83543 |access-date=4 September 2022 |work=[[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]] |date=5 July 2022}}</ref>

==Rescue and recovery==
The government of Manipur mobilized the National Disaster Response Force and State Disaster Response Force to coordinate rescue missions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manipur landslide: PM Modi reviews situation, assures every possible support |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/manipur-landslide-pm-modi-reviews-situation-assures-every-possible-support-1968609-2022-06-30 |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 June 2022}}</ref> Over 250 soldiers, rescuers and police officers were involved.<ref name="AJ1">{{cite news |title=Death toll in Manipur landslide in northeast India hits 26 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/2/death-toll-in-manipur-landslide-in-northeast-india-hits-26 |access-date=3 July 2022 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=2 July 2022}}</ref> Bulldozers and excavators were used to find bodies in the nearby river. Search and rescue operations by the [[Assam Rifles]] and Territorial Army went underway to find between 50 and 72 missing individuals.<ref name="Singh1">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Bikash |title=8 killed in Manipur landslide; 72 still trapped under debris |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/dozens-feared-dead-in-massive-landslides-in-western-manipurs-noney-district/articleshow/92576370.cms |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=1 July 2022}}</ref> Twenty-three to 43 of the missing were Territorial Army soldiers.<ref name="Choudhury1" />

By July 2, the bodies of 34 people were recovered.<ref name="Choudhury3">{{Cite news|last=Choudhury |first= Ratnadip|editor=Aditi Gautam|title=Manipur Landslide: Death Count Rises To 34, 28 Still Missing|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manipur-floods-manipur-landslide-death-count-rises-to-20-44-still-missing-3120379|work=NDTV|date= 2 July 2022|access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="TN2">{{cite news |title=Manipur landslide: 14 dead, dozens missing as rescue operations continue at railway construction site - Updates |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/manipur-landslide-14-dead-dozens-missing-as-rescue-operations-continue-at-railway-construction-site-updates-article-92584802 |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=1 July 2022}}</ref> At least 28 people remained missing.<ref name="Choudhury3" /> Nineteen people were rescued,<ref name="TI1">{{cite news |author1=[[Asian News International]] |title=Manipur landslide: DGP says 14 bodies recovered, 60 still feared trapped |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/manipur-landslide-14-bodies-recovered-pm-narendra-modi-reviews-situation/articleshow/92585307.cms |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 July 2022}}</ref> including 13 Territorial Army soldiers and five civilians. Rescuers said the search for more people would continue into the night.<ref name="Bhalla1">{{cite news |last1=Bhalla |first1=Abhishek |title=Bodies of 7 army soldiers, 1 civilian recovered after landslide in Manipur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mortal-remains-soldiers-civilian-recovered-landslide-manipur-1968695-2022-06-30 |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 June 2022}}</ref> The injured were taken to the Noney Army Medical unit for treatment.<ref name="Singh1" />

By July 3, the total death toll was 42, while another 20 remained missing.<ref name="Mint1">{{cite news |title=Manipur Landslide: Death count rises to 42 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/manipur-landslide-death-count-rises-to-37-11656848057550.html |access-date=4 July 2022 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=3 July 2022}}</ref> At least 27 were members of the Territorial Army, and 15 civilians were among those killed. Unfavourable weather conditions and new landslides further complicated the efforts. Rockslides were reported during rescue operations. Rescuers used radar and a [[search and rescue dog]] to locate potential survivors that were buried.<ref name="Choudhury2">{{cite news |last1=Choudhury |first1=Ratnadip |author1=|editor= Chandrajit Mitra |title=Video: Bodies Pulled Out From Manipur River After Huge Landslide Kills 18 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manipur-landslide-excavators-pull-out-bodies-from-river-3117774 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Works were also ongoing to remove debris blocking the Ijei river to empty a [[landslide dam|landslide-dammed lake]].<ref name="Mint1" />

By July 20, the total death toll reached 56, with five people still missing. The deceased included 29 Indian Army personnel and 27 civilians.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manipur landslide search ops called off; final toll at 61 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/manipur/manipur-landslide-search-ops-called-off-final-toll-8041938/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=20 July 2022}}</ref> On 20 July 2022, the rescue operation was officially called off with five bodies still missing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manipur landslide rescue operation called off, 5 people still missing|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/manipur-landslide-rescue-op-called-off-5-bodies-still-missing/articleshow/93014911.cms |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=21 July 2022}}</ref>

On 23 July 2022, two more bodies were recovered from the landslide site by local people with the help of the [[Indian Railways]] authority, three days after the search operation was officially called off.<ref name="HindustanTimesSlide"/>

==Response==
Officials warned residents in Noney district against approaching the Ijei river due to the possibility of a flood. The [[List of chief ministers of Manipur|Chief Ministers of Manipur]], [[N. Biren Singh]], said that {{₹|500 thousand}} would be given to the families of those killed as an [[ex gratia]], while {{₹|50 thousand}} would be given to the injured.<ref name="Laithangbam1"/> Travellers were told to avoid [[National Highway 37 (India)|National Highway 37]].<ref name="Singh1"/>

On 20 July 2022, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between [[Northeast Frontier Railways]], [[Noney district]] administration, and Makhuam village authority. As per the MoU, a joint survey would be carried out by the three sides on the extent of damage caused by the incident and the estimate shall be submitted to the Railways for compensation. [[Indian Railways]] would also carry out extensive discussions with institutions such as [[IIT Guwahati]] and [[Manipur University]] so that railway projects on hilly terrain in the state can be better monitored for early warning to prevent such incidents in the future.<ref>{{cite news |title=Railways Contractual Jobs For Manipur Landslide Deceased's Kin: Chief Minister |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/railways-contractual-jobs-for-manipur-landslide-deceased-s-kin-chief-minister-news-210957 |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Outlook |date=21 July 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2022 India–Bangladesh floods]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Disasters in India in 2022}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manipur landslide, 2022}}
[[Category:Landslides in 2022]]
[[Category:2022 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2020s in Manipur]]
[[Category:Landslides in India]]
[[Category:June 2022 in India]]
[[Category:Disasters in Manipur|2022 landslide]]
[[Category:Meteorological events in 2022]]

Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neuro and Allied Sciences

2026-01-01T07:05:49Z

Svetlbwz: Added a stub basic info.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health, Neuro and Allied Sciences
| logo = Vimhans Logo.jpg
| logo_size = 
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt = VIMHANS Hospital
| caption = 
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_relief = 
| coordinates = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| pushpin_map_size = 
| location =
| address = No. 1, Institutional Area, Nehru Nagar
| region = New Delhi
| state = [[Delhi]]
| country = India
| healthcare = 
| funding = 
| type = 
| affiliation = 
| patron = 
| network = 
| standards = 
| emergency = 
| helipad = 
| beds = 
| speciality = Psychiatry, Neurosciences
| founded = 1987
| closed = 
| demolished = 
| website = {{URL|vimhans.com}}
}}

'''Vidya Sagar Institute of Mental Health and Neuro and Allied Sciences''' (VIMHANS) is a mental healthcare institution in South Delhi. It was founded in 1987 as a tribute to the Indian psychiatrist Vidya Sagar.

==Healthcare functions==
{{Promotional section|date=July 2024}}
VIMHANS is the only non-government institution that runs an in-patient facility for persons with mental illness.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} VIMHANS, also supports community outreach centres in [[Mehrauli]], Delhi and [[Rohtak]], Haryana. The hospital conducts free medical camps in various disciplines in various slums and villages in the National Capital Region.

==Controversy and criticism==

===North India’s first multiple sclerosis treatment centre at VIMHANS===
New Delhi's first specialised multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment centre was inaugurated by the Delhi CM Sheila Dikshit at VIMHANS in the presence of the patients, caregivers and doctors.
The MS center at VIMHANS would reportedly be North India's first dedicated MS-care centre where patients will get comprehensive management by a team of experts, including neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, physical and occupational therapists, urologists, and radiologists, all under the same roof.
<ref>{{cite web | url=http://healthcare.financialexpress.com/latest-updates/1402-north-india-s-first-multiple-sclerosis-treatment-centre-at-vimhans | title=Health News - Latest Healthcare Industry News Updates }}</ref>

===Absence of Free Treatment for Poor Patients===
In 2001, [[Times of India]] reported that VIMHANS was in violation with an agreement by the [[Delhi Government]]. The agreement stipulated that the hospital has to provide free treatment to 70 percent of its admitted patients. VIMHANS ignored this stipulation, and then stated it would provide free treatment to 40 percent of its admitted patients. The latter promise was neither followed through by the trust operating the hospital.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-09-17/delhi/27219918_1_free-treatment-free-patients-hospital |title=At Vimhans, the poor get just a discount - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104071402/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-09-17/delhi/27219918_1_free-treatment-free-patients-hospital |archive-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Medical Negligence of Female Patient===
In 2005, VIMHANS treated a 43-year-old female patient. The patient suffered a partial [[paralysis]] and was admitted to the hospital. During the treatment, the hospital staff mistakenly administered a high dose of [[steroids]] into the right arm of the patient. The arm immediately began swelling, the doctors advised that it was not dangerous. Eventually, the arm had to be amputated. She was transferred to [[AIIMS]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-02-09/delhi/27848703_1_vimhans-nursing-staff-emergency-ward |title=Woman loses hand as Vimhans 'goofs' - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104070045/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-02-09/delhi/27848703_1_vimhans-nursing-staff-emergency-ward |archive-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Treatment of Gitanjali Nagpal===
In 2007, under a [[court order]], VIMHANS provided treatment to a well known model named Gitanjali Nagpal.

===Treatment of Syd Kid (assumed name)===
In 2016, for medical detoxification and supervision, S. Kid checked in voluntarily but, was delayed 48 hours as the beds were unavailable. The patient then, checked in 48 hours later. By that time, the withdrawal symptoms were gone, but he was still taken to the hospital and stays there till date despite the symptoms going away before admission. The patient stays there till date as advised by the doctor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Delhi-Commission-for-Women-to-re-launch-Geetanjali-Nagpal/articleshow/2503093.cms |title=Delhi Commission for Women to re-launch Geetanjali Nagpal - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104071319/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-30/india/27961492_1_geetanjali-nagpal-vimhans-hospital-ramp-model |archive-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-05/india/27952192_1_hospital-staff-drug-addicts-psychotropic-drugs |title=Gitanjali had to be sedated: Vimhans - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104070305/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-05/india/27952192_1_hospital-staff-drug-addicts-psychotropic-drugs |archive-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-06/delhi/27984006_1_santosh-nagpal-barkha-singh-insulin-doses |title=3 more weeks for Gitanjali in Vimhans - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104065710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-06/delhi/27984006_1_santosh-nagpal-barkha-singh-insulin-doses |archive-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.vimhans.com/ Official website]

{{Coord|28|34|9.4|N|77|15|3|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Mental Health in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mental health organisations in India]]
[[Category:Psychiatric hospitals in India]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1987]]

SS Fort Stikine

2025-12-14T16:46:54Z

Svetlbwz: Pg.

{{Short description|British Fort ship}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox ship 
|infobox_caption=
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=SS Fort Stikine.png
|image_caption=''Fort Stikine''
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|name=''Fort Stikine''
|namesake= [[Fort Stikine]]
|owner=[[War Shipping Administration]], on [[Lend Lease]] to the [[Ministry of War Transport]]
|operator=[[Port Line|Port Line Ltd]]
|registry={{flagicon|United Kingdom|civil}} [[London]], United Kingdom
|route=
|ordered=
|builder=Prince Rupert Drydock & Shipyard
|original_cost=
|yard_number=43
|way_number=
|laid_down=
|launched=31 July 1942
|completed=
|christened=
|acquired=
|maiden_voyage=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=14 April 1944
|identification=*United Kingdom Official Number 168351
*[[Code Letters]] BKLG
*{{ICS|Bravo}}{{ICS|Kilo}}{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Golf}}
|fate=[[Bombay Explosion (1944)|Exploded]] and was obliterated
{{Coord|18.9528|N|72.8450|E|source:wikidata_region:IN-MH_type:event|display=title,inline}}
|notes=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class=[[Fort ship]]
|tonnage=* {{GRT|7,142}}
* {{NRT|4,261}}
|displacement=
|length=* {{convert|424|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on|2}} [[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
* {{convert|441|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on|2}} [[Length overall|oa]]
|beam={{convert|57|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on|2}}
|height=
|draught={{convert|26|ft|11.5|in|m|abbr=on|2}}
|depth={{convert|35|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
|decks=
|deck_clearance=
|ramps=
|ice_class=
|power=[[Triple expansion steam engine]], 505 [[nominal horsepower|NHP]]
|propulsion=Screw propeller
|speed=
|capacity=
|crew=
|notes=
}}
}}

'''''Fort Stikine''''' was a British [[Fort ship]] which was built in Canada in 1942. Owned by the American [[War Shipping Administration]], she was leased under [[bareboat charter|charter]] to the [[Ministry of War Transport]] under the [[Lend-Lease]] scheme and operated under the management of the [[Port Line]]. ''Fort Stikine'' only had a short career, and was destroyed in [[Bombay Explosion (1944)|an explosion]] at [[Bombay]], [[British Raj|India]], in April 1944 that caused the loss of a further 13 ships.

==Construction==
''Fort Stikine'' was {{convert|441|ft|5|in|m|2}} long, with a beam of {{convert|57|ft|2|in|m|2}}. She had a depth of {{convert|35|ft|0|in|m|2}} and a draught of {{convert|26|ft|11.5|in|m|2}}. The ship was propelled by a 505-[[nominal horsepower|NHP]] [[triple expansion steam engine]], which was built by the Dominion Engineering Works, [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Canada. It had cylinders of 24.5 inches (62 cm), {{convert|37|in|cm}} and {{convert|70|in|cm}} bore by {{convert|48|in|cm}} stroke. Fort and Park ships were the Canadian equivalent of the [[United States|American]] [[Liberty ship]]s. All three shared a similar design by [[J.L. Thompson and Sons]] of [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]], England. Fort ships had a single screw [[propellor|propeller]].
<ref name=Stikine43>{{cite web |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/43/43b0370.pdf |title=Lloyd's Register, Navires A Vapeur et a Moteurs |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |access-date=13 August 2013}}</ref>

==History==
''Fort Stikine'' was built by Prince Rupert Drydock & Shipyard, [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia]], Canada as yard number 43. She was built under the auspices of Wartime Merchant Shipping Ltd., a Canadian government corporation coordinating wartime shipbuilding in Canada, and on completion on 31 July 1942 delivered by that corporation to the United States War Shipping Administration (WSA) which then delivered the ship to the Ministry of War Transport under [[Lend Lease]] at Vancouver, British Columbia on the same date.<ref name=MARADVSC>{{cite web |url=http://www.marad.dot.gov/sh/ShipHistory/Detail/8085 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121345/http://www.marad.dot.gov/sh/ShipHistory/Detail/8085 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=''Fort Stikine'' |author=Maritime Administration |work=Ship History Database Vessel Status Card |publisher= U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/eng/CCG/USQUE_Wartime_Shipping |title=A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine Services |author=Appleton, Thomas E. |work=Wartime Shipping |publisher=Canadian Coast Guard |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=SBH>{{cite web |url=http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/canada/princerupert.htm|title=Prince Rupert Dry Dock, Prince Rupert BC |publisher=Shipbuilding History |access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref> Ownership was retained by WSA with the Ministry of War Transport placing her under the management of the [[Port Line]]. The United Kingdom Official Number 168351 and [[Code Letters]] BKLG were allocated. Her port of registry was [[London]].<ref name=Stikine43/>

''Fort Stikine'' departed from [[New Westminster]], [[British Columbia]], Canada on 7 September 1942 and arrived at [[Vancouver]] the next day. She then sailed to [[Comox, British Columbia]], arriving on 10 September. She sailed two days later for [[Victoria, British Columbia]], arriving on 13 September. ''Fort Stikine'' sailed that day for [[Los Angeles, California]], United States, where she arrived on 23 September. She sailed five days later for [[Balboa, Panama]], arriving on 10 October. After transiting the [[Panama Canal]], ''Fort Stikine'' departed from [[Cristóbal, Colón|Cristobal]], Panama, on 17 October with Convoy [[ZG convoys|ZG8]].<ref name=Port>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=FORT%20STIKINE~armain |title=Fort Stikine |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> The convoy consisted eighteen merchant vessels escorted by six [[United States Navy]] warships. It arrived at [[Guantánamo Bay|Guantanamo Bay]], Cuba on 21 October.<ref name=ZG8>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/zg/index.html?zg.php?convoy=8!~zgmain |title=Convoy ZG.8 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>

''Fort Stikine'' departed from Guantanamo Bay on 23 October as a member of Convoy [[GN convoys|GN]] 14. The unescorted convoy consisted of 33 merchant ships; she arrived at New York City on 30 October.<ref name=GN14>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/gn/index.html?gn.php?convoy=14!~gnmain |title=Convoy GN.14 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> She departed on 3 November with Convoy [[HX convoys|HX]] 214. The convoy consisted of 33 merchant ships, escorted by a total of 17 warships over the duration of the convoy. ''Fort Stikine'' carried general cargo and mails. The convoy arrived at [[Liverpool]], [[Lancashire]], United Kingdom, on 14 December.<ref name=HX214>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=214!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.214 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> She then sailed to the [[River Clyde|Clyde]], arriving on 16 December.<ref name=Port/>

''Fort Stikine'' departed from the Clyde on 24 December with Convoy KMS 6G. The convoy comprised 60 merchant ships escorted by a total of 22 warships over the duration of the convoy. The [[CAM ship]] {{SS|Empire Darwin||2}} also provided some protection to the convoy. Two merchant ships were lost to enemy action and another was damaged. The convoy arrived at [[Bône]], [[French Algeria|Algeria]], on 8 January 1943,<ref name=KMS6G>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/kms/index.html?kms.php?convoy=6G!~kmsmain |title=Convoy KMS.6G |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> but ''Fort Stikine'' had split from the convoy the previous day and arrived at [[Oran]], Algeria. She sailed on 21 January to join Convoy MKS 6,<ref name=Port/> which had departed from [[Philippeville, Algeria]], on 19 January and arrived back at Liverpool on 1 February. The convoy consisted of 50 merchant ships escorted by a total of 30 warships over the duration of the convoy, which also included ''Empire Darwin''. One merchant vessel was lost to enemy action. The convoy arrived at Liverpool on 1 February.<ref name=MKS6>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/mks/index.html?mks.php?convoy=6!~mksmain |title=Convoy MKS.6 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> ''Fort Stikine'' had left the convoy off [[Ireland]] and arrived at the Clyde on 31 January.<ref name=Port/>

''Fort Stikine'' was a member of Convoy KMS 10G, which departed from the Clyde on 26 February. It consisted of 62 merchant ships, escorted by a total of 19 warships over the duration of the convoy. One merchant ship was sunk and three were damaged by enemy action. On 4 March, {{GS|U-87|1941|2}} attacked the convoy, but was attacked with [[depth charge]]s and sunk by {{HMCS|Shediac|K110|6}} and {{HMCS|St. Croix|I81|6}}. The convoy arrived at Bône on 11 March.<ref name=KMS10G>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/kms/index.html?kms.php?convoy=10G!~kmsmain |title=Convoy KMS.10G |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> As with Convoy KMS 6G, ''Fort Stikine'' left the convoy and arrived at Oran a day earlier. She sailed on 31 March to join Convoy ET 16,<ref name=Port/> which had departed from Bône earlier that day. The unescorted convoy included 15 merchant vessels, two of which were sunk by enemy action. ET 16 arrived at [[Gibraltar]] on 1 April.<ref name=ET16>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=ET.16!~miscmain |title=Convoy ET.16 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> ''Fort Stikine'' then joined Convoy RS 4, which departed on 14 April. The unescorted convoy, comprising 19 merchant ships, arrived at [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone, on 25 April.<ref name=RS4>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=RS.4!~miscmain |title=Convoy RS.4 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> Laden with a cargo of [[iron ore]], ''Fort Stikine'' departed with Convoy SL 129 on 11 May. The convoy, comprising 47 merchant ships and 9 warships, combined at sea with Convoy MKS 13 on 24 May.<ref name=SL129>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sl2/index.html?sl.php?convoy=129!~slmain |title=Convoy SL.129 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> The combined convoy arrived at Liverpool on 1 June.<ref name=SK129MK>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sl2/index.html?sl.php?convoy=129MK!~slmain |title=Convoy SL.129/MKS.13 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> ''Fort Stikine'' left the convoy before arrival at Liverpool and entered [[Loch Ewe]]. She then sailed to [[Middlesbrough]], [[North Riding of Yorkshire|Yorkshire]], via convoys WN 436 and FS 1133.<ref name=Port/>

''Fort Stikine'' departed from Middlesbrough on 20 June to join Convoy FN 1051,<ref name=Port/> which had departed from [[Southend-on-Sea|Southend]], [[Essex]] the previous day and arrived at Methil on 21 June.<ref name=FN1051>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/fn/index.html?fn.php?convoy=1051!~fnmain |title=Convoy FN.1051 = Convoy FN.51 / Phase 11 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> She then joined Convoy EN 246 which sailed the next day and arrived at Loch Ewe on 24 June.<ref name=Port/> ''Fort Stikine'' joined Convoy ON 190, which had departed from Liverpool on 24 June. The convoy consisted of 85 merchant ships escorted by 23 warships over the duration of the convoy, which arrived at New York on 9 July.<ref name=ON246>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=190!~onzmain |title=Convoy ON.246 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> ''Fort Stikine'' sailed on to [[Baltimore, Maryland]], arriving the next day. She departed from Baltimore on 3 August for the [[Hampton Roads]], off the coast of [[Virginia]].<ref name=Port/> ''Fort Stikine'' sailed on 7 August with Convoy UGS 14. The convoy consisted of 106 merchant ships escorted by 31 warships over the duration of the convoy. Two merchant ships were lost to enemy action. The convoy arrived at [[Alexandria]], [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] on 2 September.<ref name=UGS14>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ugs/index.html?ugs.php?convoy=14!~ugsmain |title=Convoy UGS.14 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> ''Fort Stikine'' departed from Alexandria on 22 September and sailed via [[Port Said]] and [[Suez]] to [[Aden]], where she arrived on 30 September.<ref name=Port/>

On 10 October, ''Fort Stikine'' departed from Aden with Convoy AKD 3. The unescorted convoy, consisting of 18 merchant vessels, arrived at [[Durban]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]], on 29 October.<ref name=AKD3>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=AKD.3!~miscmain |title=Convoy AKD.3 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> She left the convoy at [[Beira, Mozambique]], arriving on 26 October. ''Fort Stikine'' sailed on 11 November and joined Convoy DKA 6.<ref name=Port/> The unescorted convoy, consisting 20 merchant ships in total, had departed from Durban five days earlier and arrived at Aden on 28 November,<ref name=DKA6>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=DKA.6!~miscmain |title=Convoy DKA.6 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> but ''Fort Stikine'' had put into [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanganyika Territory|Tanganyika]], where she arrived on 17 November. She sailed on 20 November for [[Mombasa]], [[British Kenya|Kenya]], arriving the next day. She sailed a week later for Aden, from where she departed on 9 December for Suez and Port Said, arriving at the latter port on 19 December.<ref name=Port/> ''Fort Stikine'' was a member of Convoy GUS 25, which departed from Port Said on 16 December. The convoy, consisting 106 merchant ships escorted by 16 warships over its duration, arrived at the Hampton Roads on 17 January 1944. One merchant vessel was lost to enemy action.<ref name=GUS25>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/gus/index.html?gus.php?convoy=25!~gusmain |title=Convoy GUS.25 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> ''Fort Stikine'' left the convoy at Gibraltar, where she arrived on 28 December 1943.<ref name=Port/>

Laden with [[copper]], [[sisal]], and general cargo, ''Fort Stikine'' departed from Gibraltar on 11 January 1944 as a member of Convoy MKS 36G. The convoy, of 20 merchant ships and five escorting warships, made a rendezvous at sea with Convoy SL 145 the next day.<ref name=MKS36G>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/mks/index.html?mks.php?convoy=36G!~mksmain |title=Convoy MKS.36G |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> The combined convoy arrived at Liverpool on 24 January.<ref name=Port/>

''Fort Stikine'' loaded at [[Birkenhead]], [[Cheshire]].<ref name=EB>{{cite web |url=http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/bomEx.html |title=Explosion in Bombay |publisher=Merchant Navy Officers |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> Her cargo was described as general cargo;<ref name=OS69KM/> it consisted {{convert|1396|LT|t}} of [[flare|flares and signal rockets]], [[incendiary bomb]]s, [[naval mine|mines]], [[shell (projectile)|shells]], and [[torpedo]]es. These were bound for [[Bombay]], [[British Raj|India]]. A container with 31 crates each containing four [[gold]] bars was loaded in № 2 hold. Each gold bar weighed {{convert|28|lb|kg|2}}. She was also carrying 12 [[Supermarine Spitfire]] aircraft, some [[military glider|gliders]], and a further quantity of explosives that were destined to be offloaded at [[Karachi]], India.<ref name=EB/>

''Fort Stikine'' joined Convoy OS 69KM,<ref name=Port/> which departed from Liverpool on 23 February 1944. The convoy, consisting of 49 merchant ships escorted by 12 warships, split at sea on 5 March.<ref name=OS69KM>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/os/index.html?os.php?convoy=69KM!~osmain |title=Convoy OS.69/KMS.43 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> The two convoys thus formed were OS 69, which arrived at Freetown on 15 March;<ref name=OS69>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/os/index.html?os.php?convoy=69KM!~osmain |title=Convoy OS.69 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> and Convoy KMS 43G, which arrived at Gibraltar on 6 March.<ref name=Port/> During the voyage to Gibraltar, a [[stowaway]] was discovered. He was put to work under the charge of the ship's chief engineer.<ref name=EB/>

''Fort Stikine'' continued her voyage as part of Convoy KMS 43, which departed from Gibraltar that day. The convoy, consisting 81 merchant ships and four escorting warships, arrived at Port Said on 16 March,<ref name=KM43>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/kms/index.html?kms.php?convoy=43!~kmsmain |title=Convoy KM.43 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> having evaded an attack by four [[Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor]] aircraft.<ref name=EB/> She sailed on to Suez, from where she departed the next day for Aden.<ref name=Port/> The stowaway was offloaded at Port Tawfiq, Suez.<ref name=EB/> Having reached Aden on 23 March, she sailed the same day for Karachi, arriving on 30 March.<ref name=Port/>

To replace the cargo offloaded at Karachi, 8,700 bales of raw [[cotton]] were loaded, along with various quantities of fish manure, [[resin]], [[rice]], [[iron|scrap iron]], [[sulphur]], and [[timber]]. Added to this were 1,000 barrels of [[lubricant|lubricating oil]]. The ship's captain was concerned about having to take the flammable items, but was told that they had to go. A proposal to add 750 drums of [[turpentine]] was refused. The ship's officers also expressed concerns over mixing the cargoes of cotton and the oil and explosives, but were unable to find paperwork that advised against this practice. In 1942, the [[United States government]] had published a book that advised against the carriage of raw cotton. A common myth at the time was that wet cotton bales could [[spontaneous combustion|spontaneously combust]]. This was not the case, although cotton soaked in oil would readily do so. Before the ship sailed, the crew discovered that the barrels of lubricating oil leaked. Tarpaulins were nailed over the lower hold covers and the firefighting equipment on board was thoroughly tested. Extra fire drills were scheduled during the voyage to Karachi.<ref name=EB/> ''Fort Stikine'' sailed on 9 April to join Convoy PB 74,<ref name=Port/> which had departed from [[Bandar Abbas]], Iran on 6 April. The unescorted convoy arrived at Bombay on 12 April.<ref name=PB74>{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=PB.74!~miscmain |title=Convoy PB.74 |publisher=Convoyweb |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:Ussborie dd215 dht.jpg|The {{sclass|Clemson|destroyer}} {{USS|Borie|DD-215|6}} was one of the six warships that escorted Convoy [[ZG convoys|ZG]] 8.
File:HMS Borage FL2711.jpg|The {{sclass2|Flower|corvette}} {{HMS|Borage|K120|6}} was one of the seventeen escorts of Convoy [[HX convoys|HX]] 214.
File:The Royal Navy during the Second World War A12715.jpg|[[anti-aircraft artillery|Flak ship]] {{HMS|Pozarica}} was one of the 30 escorts of Convoy MKS 6.
File:ORP Błyskawica na Atlantyku.jpg|{{sclass|Grom|destroyer}} {{ship|ORP|Błyskawica}} was one of the nine warships that escorted Convoy SL 129.
File:USS Upshur (DD-144) underway, circa 1940-1941 (NH 99132).jpg|The {{sclass|Wickes|destroyer}} {{USS|Upshur|DD-144|6}} was one of 23 warships that escorted Convoy UGS 14.
File:HMS Stork 1943 IWM FL 22540.jpg|The {{sclass|Bittern|sloop|0}} [[sloop of war|sloop]] {{HMS|Stork|L81|6}} was one of the sixteen warships that escorted Convoy GUS 25.
File:HMS Jonquil (K68) IWM FL 22394.jpg|The {{sclass2|Flower|corvette}} {{HMS|Jonquil|K68|6}} was one of the four escorts of Convoy OS 69KM.
File:Focke Wulf Fw200.jpg|Convoy KMS 43 successfully evaded an attack by [[Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor]] aircraft.
</gallery>

==Loss==
{{Main|Bombay Explosion (1944)}}
[[File:Bombay-Docks-aftermath1.png|thumb|A cloud of smoke was over Bombay following the first explosion on board ''Fort Stikine''.]]

''Fort Stikine'' arrived at Bombay in the early morning of 12 April. Having taken on a [[maritime pilot|pilot]] shortly before 10:00, she was docked at the Victoria Dock at midday. The practice of flying a red flag to signify dangerous cargo on board had been discontinued in wartime, as doing so would identify such vessels in the event of an enemy air raid on a port. Also, the practice on unloading such vessels into [[lighter (barge)|lighters]] offshore had also been discontinued due to the war. At the time, explosives were graded as category A, B, or C. Category A explosives, such as those carried on board ''Fort Stikine'', were the most dangerous. These were only allowed to be offloaded onto lighters, and not directly to the quayside.<ref name=EB/>

Unloading of ''Fort Stikine'' began with the lubricating oil, followed by the fish manure. An extra gang of [[stevedore]]s was employed on this task, which continued through the night of 13–14 April. At midday on 13 April, lighters arrived for the explosives. Minor engine repairs also started at that time, rendering the ship unable to move under her own power. At 12:30, the chief officer of {{SS|Fort Crevier||2}} noticed smoke issuing from the ventilators of the № 2 hold of ''Fort Stikine''. This was also seen a short time later by a [[Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship|DEMS]] gunner on board {{SS|Iran|1919|2}}. Despite being seen by these (and other) witnesses, everyone assumed that the situation was under control. The alarm was not raised until 13:45. The fire pump in the ship's engine room was started and the firefighting operation began.<ref name=EB/>

With crew members and stevedores abandoning ship, the dock authorities realized that there was a problem on board ''Fort Stikine''. A fire crew was sent on board and an order was given for more [[fire appliance|fire engines]] to be sent for. Due to difficulties in contacting the fire control centre, initially only two engines were sent. Those on board ''Fort Stikine'' were unable to discover the seat of the fire and water was poured blindly into the hold. With the arrival of the two fire appliances, now 11 hoses were in use. Captain Oberst, of the [[Indian Army Ordnance Corps]], arrived a few minutes later to assess the situation. He was in charge of the explosives only after they had been landed. A meeting was held on board between the ship's officers, Oberst, and Commander Longmore of the [[Royal Indian Navy]], the chief salvage officer in Bombay. Oberst stated that ''Fort Stikine'' had explosives equivalent to 150 [[blockbuster bomb]]s on board and that the ship should be [[scuttling|scuttled]]. Her captain countered that the boiler room and engine room could be flooded, but he doubted that the ship would sink in that condition. More fire appliances arrived, bringing the total number of hoses in use to 32. By 14:45, ammunition in № 2 hold was exploding. Colonel Sadler, the general manager of the docks at Bombay, was sent for. He arrived at 14:50 and suggested that ''Fort Stikine'' should be removed from the docks, which would have required the use of [[tugboat|tugs]] due to ''Fort Stikine'' being disabled. An argument developed and Colonel Sadler's parting remark was that the ship would probably explode before she could be taken out of port.<ref name=EB/>

Shortly after 15:00, two [[fireboat]]s, ''Doris'' and ''Panwell'', arrived. A further nine hoses were played on the ship. Neither of the two people who could have taken overall charge of the situation was contactable, and none of those on board ''Fort Stikine'' were willing to take charge. Firefighting continued, but at 15:50, a flame erupted from the hold, reaching higher than the ship's mast. The order was given to abandon ship, with some jumping from the ship onto the quayside, and others into the water. At 16:06, an explosion occurred on board ''Fort Stikine''. The ship was split in two, with her boiler found half a mile (800 m) away. The explosion caused a [[tsunami]] within the dock, which deposited one vessel on the quayside. At 16:33, a second explosion occurred. The cargo ship {{SS|Jalapadma|1926|2}} had her stern blown off. It landed about {{convert|200|yd|m|-2}} away. This explosion also wrecked the [[cargo liner]] {{SS|Baroda|1911|2}}.<ref name=EB/>

===Investigation===
The accident was investigated by the authorities at Bombay. The report released on 11 September 1944 concluded that the fire and subsequent explosion on ''Fort Stikine'' was an accident. Sabotage was ruled out. The death toll was given as 231 service and port personnel killed, with 476 injured. Civilian casualties were in excess of 500 killed, with 2,408 treated in hospitals.<ref name=Times120944>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Explosions at Bombay |date=12 September 1944 |page=3 |issue=49556 |column=E }}</ref>

===Ships lost or severely damaged===
Apart from ''Fort Stikine'', these vessels were sunk or severely damaged:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Ship
! Flag or operator
! Notes
|-
| {{SS|Baroda|1911|2}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Baroda'' was a {{GRT|3,172}} cargo liner owned by the [[British India Steam Navigation Company]].<ref name=Baroda>{{cite web |url=https://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=1621&vessel=BARODA |title= SS Baroda |publisher=Clydesite |access-date=15 April 2024 }}</ref> The vessel was burnt out.<ref name=PB74/> She was beached on Green Island and consequently sold for scrap in December 1944.<ref name=Merchant482>{{cite book |title=The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939 |first=Roger |last=Jordan |publisher=Chatham Publishing |location=London |year=1999 |page=482 |isbn=1-86176-023-X}}</ref>
|-
| {{HMHS|Chantilly|63|6}}
| {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Chantilly'' was a {{GRT|10,017}} [[hospital ship]] that was formerly a French passenger ship. She was repaired and was returned to her French owners after the war.<ref name=Chantilly>{{cite web |url=http://www.maritimequest.com/liners/02_pages/c/chantilly_1923_data.htm |title=HMHS Chantilly (1941) |publisher=Maritime Quest |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{HMIS|El Hind|F120|6}}
| {{navy|British India}}
| ''El Hind'' was a {{GRT|5,319}} passenger ship used by [[the Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd.]] for the conveyance of pilgrims. She had been requisitioned by the Royal Indian Navy as a [[landing ship, infantry]]. She caught fire and sank.<ref name=EH>{{cite web |url=http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=18237 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612081844/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=18237 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2012 |title= SS El Hind |publisher=Clydesite |access-date=13 August 2013}}</ref><ref name=EH2>{{cite web |url= https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/13447.html |title=Landing Ship Infantry HMIS El Hind |publisher=Uboat |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
| {{MV|Empire Confidence||2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Empire Confidence'' was a {{GRT|5,023}} cargo ship. She was damaged by the explosion, but continued in service, sailing to Australia to load a cargo of grain, as the explosion caused a local famine.<ref name=Empire434>{{Cite book |last1=Mitchell |first1=W. H. |last2=Sawyer |first2=L. A. |year=1990 |title=The Empire Ships |place=London; New York; Hamburg; Hong Kong |publisher=Lloyd's of London Press Ltd |isbn=1-85044-275-4 |edition=Second |page=434 }}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Empire Indus||2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Empire Indus'' was a {{GRT|5,155}} cargo ship. She was severely damaged by the explosion, but was repaired, returning to service in November 1945.<ref name=MandS>{{cite book |last1=Mitchell |first1=W. H. |last2=Sawyer |first2=L. A. |year = 1990| title = The Empire Ships |edition=Second | page =437 |location=London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong | publisher = Lloyd's of London Press Ltd |isbn=1-85044-275-4 }}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Fort Crevier||2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Fort Crevier'' was a {{GRT|7,142}} [[Fort ship]]. She was burnt out and declared a [[constructive total loss]]. The vessel was used as a [[Hulk (ship type)|hulk]] until 1948, when she was scrapped.<ref name=PB74/><ref name=FortA>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/FortA.html |title=Fort Ships A–J |publisher=Mariners |access-date=13 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Generaal van der Heyden||2}}
| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| ''Generaal van der Heyden'' was a {{GRT|1,213}} cargo ship of the [[Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij]]. She caught fire and sank, with a loss of 15 crew.<ref name=KPM>{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/kpm.shtml |title=Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij 1888–1967 |publisher=The Ships List |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Generaal van Sweiten||2}}
| {{flagu|Netherlands}}
| ''Generaal van Sweiten'' was a {{GRT|1,300}} cargo ship of the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij; she caught fire and sank, with a loss of two crew.<ref name=KPM/>
|-
| {{SS|Graciosa||2}}
| {{flag|Norway}}
| ''Graciosa'' was a {{GRT|1,173}} cargo ship owned by Skibs A/S Fjeld and operated under the management of Hans Kiær & Co. Severely damaged, she was declared a total loss and was sold for scrap in July 1944.<ref name=Graciosa>{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/graciosa.html |title=D/S Graciosa |publisher=Warsailors |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Iran|1919|2}}
| {{flag|Panama}}
| ''Iran'' was a {{GRT|5,677}} Standard World War I cargo ship operated by the Iran Steamship Company under the management of Wallem & Co. Ltd. She was severely damaged and was scrapped.<ref name=Iran>{{cite web |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/W-Ships/waikawa1919.html |title=Waikawa |publisher=Tynebuilt |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Jalapadma|1926|2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Jalapadma'' was a {{GRT|3,857}} cargo ship of the Scindia Steam Navigation Company. Pushed on shore, she was scrapped.<ref name=Scindia>{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/scindia.shtml |title=Scindia Steam Navigation Co. |publisher=The Ships List |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>
The Great Bombay Explosion, by Ennis, John</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Kingyuan||2}}
| {{flagu|United Kingdom|civil}}
| ''Kingyuan'' was a {{GRT|2,653}} cargo ship of the [[China Navigation Company]]. She caught fire and sank.<ref name=Lost/>
|-
| {{HMS|LCP 323}}
| {{flagicon|UK|naval}} Royal Navy
| The [[Landing Craft|Landing Craft, Personnel]] was sunk.<ref name=seekrieg194404>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/44-04.htm |title=Seekrieg 1944, April |access-date=7 August 2015 |last=Rohwer |first=Jürgen |author-link=Jürgen Rohwer |author2=Gerhard Hümmelchen |work=Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart |language=de }}</ref>
|-
| {{HMS|LCP 866}}
| {{flagicon|UK|naval}} Royal Navy
| The Landing Craft, Personnel was sunk.<ref name=seekrieg194404/>
|-
| {{SS|Norse Trader||2}}
| {{flagu|Panama}}
| ''Norse Trader'' was a {{GRT|3,507}} cargo ship owned by Wallem & Co., [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=Nors>{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/freefleet/norfleetn.html#Nors |title=Norwegian Merchant Fleet 1939–1945 . Ships starting with N – Nors |publisher=Warsailors |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Rod El Farag||2}}
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Egypt}}
| ''Rod El Farag'' was a {{GRT|6,292}} cargo liner of the Sociète Misr de Navigation Maritime. She was gutted by fire.<ref name=Chindwin>{{cite web |url=http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=10896 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427123518/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=10896 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 April 2005 |title=SS Chindwin |publisher=Clydesite |access-date=13 August 2013}}</ref> Declared a total loss, she was sunk for use as a jetty.<ref name=Jordan452>{{cite book |title=The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939 |first=Roger |last=Jordan |publisher=Chatham publishing |location=London |year=1999 |page=452 |isbn=1-86176-023-X}}</ref>
|-
| {{SS|Tinombo||2}}
| {{flagu|Netherlands}}
| ''Tinombo'' was a {{GRT|872}} [[coastal trading vessel|coaster]] owned by the Koninklijke Packetvaart Maatschappij. She was heavily damaged and sank, with a loss of eight crew.<ref name=Lost>{{cite web |url=http://merchantships.tripod.com/fortcreviershipslost.html |title=Ships Lost in the WWII Bombay Explosion |publisher=Merchantships |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?190102 |title=MV Tinombo (+1944) |publisher=Wrecksite |access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Allied convoys during World War II by region]]
* [[Port Chicago disaster]]
* {{SS|Mont-Blanc}}, the ship destroyed in the [[Halifax Explosion]] during [[World War I]]

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Fort ships}}
{{April 1944 shipwrecks}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fort Stikine}}
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:1944 in India]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1944]]
[[Category:Ministry of War Transport ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in British Columbia]]

List of ministers of co-operatives of Bihar

2025-11-27T09:51:13Z

Svetlbwz: made initial post w/ infobox

{{Short description|Co-operative ministers of Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}

This is a '''list of co-operative ministers of Bihar''', India.

==List==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No.
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
! Chief Minister
! Party
|-
| 1
|[[Ramdeo Singh Yadav]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19930228-bihar-cm-laloo-prasad-yadav-acquires-halo-as-secular-hero-and-circus-master-810737-1993-02-28|title=Bihar CM Laloo Prasad Yadav acquires halo as secular hero and circus master|website=India Today}}</ref>
|1990
|1995
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|2
|[[Ramjidas Rishidev]]
|24 November 2005
|13 April 2008
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|3
|[[Giriraj Singh]]
|13 April 2008
|26 November 2010
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|4
|[[Ramadhar Singh]]
|26 November 2010
|19 May 2011
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|5
|[[Sushil Kumar Modi]]
|19 May 2011
|26 August 2011
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|6
|[[Ramadhar Singh]]
|26 August 2011
|16 June 2013
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|7
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|16 June 2013
|20 May 2014
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
|8
|[[Nitish Mishra]]
|20 May 2014
|22 February 2015
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
|9
|Ram Lakhan Ram Raman
|22 February 2015
|20 November 2015
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|-
|10
|[[Alok Kumar Mehta]]
|20 November 2015
|26 July 2017
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|-
|11
|[[Rana Randhir]]
|29 July 2017
|16 November 2020
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|12
|[[Amrendra Pratap Singh]]
|16 November 2020
|9 February 2021
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|13
|[[Subhash Singh (Bihar politician)|Subhash Singh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bihar-cooperative-minister-subhash-singh-big-statement-caste-census-is-not-necessary-government-should-count-the-poor-21897286.html|title=Bihar: सहकारिता मंत्री सुभाष सिंह का बड़ा बयान, जातीय जनगणना जरूरी नहीं, गरीबों की हो गणना|website=jagran.com|access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref>
|9 February 2021
|9 August 2022
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
| 14
|[[Surendra Prasad Yadav]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsnationtv.com/states/bihar/bad-words-of-cooperative-minister-surendra-prasad-yadav-in-bihar-bjp-gave-training-advice-303163.html|title=बिहार में सहकारिता मंत्री के बिगड़े बोल, भाजपा ने दे दी प्रशिक्षण की सलाह|website=newsnationtv.com|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>
|16 August 2022
|28 January 2024
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|-
|15
|[[Prem Kumar (politician)|Prem Kumar]]
|28 January 2024
|20 November 2025
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|-
|16
|Pramod Chandravanshi
|20 November 2025
|Incumbent
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Ministry of Co-operation]]
*[[List of ministers of finance of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of health of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of sports of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of education of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of transport of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of panchayati raj of Bihar]]
*[[List of ministers of science and technology of Bihar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of government ministers of Bihar]]

National Highway 119 (India, old numbering)

2025-10-17T16:37:05Z

Svetlbwz: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 34 (India)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R with history}}
}}

Central Kashmir vole

2025-09-29T06:21:23Z

Svetlbwz: Added new pg!

{{Short description|Species of rodent}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |last1=Molur |first1=S. |year=2016 |title=''Alticola montosa'' |errata=2017 |article-number=e.T953A115054544 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T953A22342407.en}}</ref>
| genus = Alticola
| species = montosus
| authority = ([[Frederick W. True|F. W. True]], 1894)
| synonyms =
}}

The '''central Kashmir vole''' ('''''Alticola montosus''''') is a species of [[rodent]] in the family [[Cricetidae]]. In addition to [[Kashmir]], it is found in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{BioRef|asm|title=Alticola montosus|id=1002151|version=1.11}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Arvicolinae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1763129}}

[[Category:Alticola]]
[[Category:Rodents of India]]
[[Category:Rodents of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1894]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Frederick W. True]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

{{Alticola-stub}}

Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute

2025-09-19T20:45:38Z

Svetlbwz: slightly enhanced section per standard format also and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Canadian-Indian organization and charity}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute
| image =
| size =
| abbreviation = SICI
| formation = {{start date and age|1968}}
| headquarters = 2500 University Drive N.W. & 5 Bhai Vir Singh Marg
| location = [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]] and [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Dr. B. Hariharan<ref name=IndoPres>{{cite web |url=http://shastriinstitute.org/executive-council |title=Executive Council |work=Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute |access-date=May 14, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514191514/http://shastriinstitute.org/executive-council |archive-date=May 14, 2021}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://www.shastriinstitute.org/}}
}}
The '''Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute''' is a binational non-profit organization with [[registered charity]] status in Canada.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web | url=http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cpb/zonejeun.nsf/En/STE-10685857-5VW | title=Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute (SICI or Shastri) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061122133134/http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cpb/zonejeun.nsf/En/STE-10685857-5VW | archive-date=2006-11-22 }}</ref> The institute supports the creation of binational links between academia, government, the business community and civil society organizations by funding research and hosting seminars. It provides grants as well as internships and fellowships to provide opportunities for individuals to gain first-hand experience in India or Canada in their field of expertise.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sici.org/about/ | title=About Us | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226042322/http://www.sici.org/about/ | archive-date=2015-12-26}}</ref> Furthermore, the Institute serves as a liaison between educational institutions and the Indian diaspora in Canada.<ref>Baraga et al. ‘Building bridges: A Case Study on the Role of the Indian Diaspora in Canada’ (December 2008). Kingston: Queens University Press, 26</ref> Dr. B. Hariharan, Professor and Head, Institute of English, for the University of Kerala, is the president of the organization.

== History ==
Named after former Prime Minister of India, [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], the Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute was created in 1968 through a joint announcement of the governments of [[Canada]] and [[India]]. The idea of forming an institute to promote scholarly activity between Canada and India was first conceived by Dr. [[Michael Brecher]], a political science professor at [[McGill University]], when he met Prime Minister Shastri who gave the convocation address at McGill University in June 1965.<ref name="auto">Annual Report of the Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute, 1972-1973, pp. 1</ref> In his address, the Prime Minister suggested that there needed to be institutional understanding to promote scholarly exchange in the field of humanities and social sciences.<ref name="auto"/>

The initial purpose of the institute was to encourage Canadian educational institutions to focus university level teaching and research on India. With an emphasis on the humanities and social sciences, the Shastri Institute's programmes funded fellowships and distributed Indian books and journals to the libraries of the four founding Canadian member institutions.

== Operations ==

=== Funding ===
The institute's main sources of funding come from the Canadian and India governments, chiefly through the [[Canadian International Development Agency]] (CIDA) and the [[Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade]] (DFAIT) on the Canadian side and from the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)]] from the Government of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Funders and Donors {{!}} SHASTRI INDO CANADIAN INSTITUTE |url=https://www.shastriinstitute.org/funders-and-donors |website=www.shastriinstitute.org |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref> It also receives contributions from Canadian member institutions as well as private donations.<ref name="auto1"/>

=== Governance ===
An eight-member bi-national Executive Council, which is elected by representatives of the member institutions, governs the Shastri Institute. The presidency of the Executive Council alternates annually between Canada and India. The institute also operates with the guidance of the Indian Administrative Committee, as well as with advice from the Canadian Advisory Council and the Indian Advisory Council. In addition to the Executive Council, there are various committees within the Shastri Institute, which are filled by representatives of the member institutions. Staff members at the India and Canada offices, located in New Delhi and Calgary respectively, carry out all administrative responsibilities of the institution.<ref>{{cite web |title=Organisational Structure {{!}} SHASTRI INDO CANADIAN INSTITUTE |url=https://www.shastriinstitute.org/organisational-structure |website=www.shastriinstitute.org |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref>

== Grants and awards ==

The institute makes a number of grants and awards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grants, Awards and Opportunities for Indian/Canadian Scholars {{!}} SHASTRI INDO CANADIAN INSTITUTE |url=https://www.shastriinstitute.org/grants-awards-and-opportunities-for-indian-canadian-scholars |website=www.shastriinstitute.org |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref>

== Member Institutions ==
The four founding members of the Shastri Institution were [[McGill University]], the [[University of British Columbia]], the [[University of Toronto]] and the National Library of Canada.<ref>Annual Report of the Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute, 1972-1973, pp. 3</ref> In 1980, the University of Ottawa became the first bilingual organization to join the Shastri Institute while [[HEC Montreal]] and [[Université Laval]] became the first francophone members in 2006.

=== List of Canadian members ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[University of Alberta]]
*[[University of Calgary]]
*[[University of British Columbia]]
*[[Carleton University]]
*[[Concordia University (Quebec)|Concordia University]]
*[[Dalhousie University]]
*[[École de technologie supérieure]]l
*[[University of Guelph]]
*[[HEC Montréal]]
*[[Université Laval]]
*[[University of Lethbridge]]
*[[University of Manitoba]]
*[[McGill University]]
*[[McMaster University]]
*[[Université de Montréal]]
*[[Mount Allison University]]
*[[University of Ottawa]]
*[[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]]
*[[University of Regina]]
*Saint Mary's University
*[[Toronto Metropolitan University]]
*[[University of Saskatchewan]]
*[[University of Toronto]]
*[[University of Victoria]]
*[[University of Waterloo]]
*[[University of Western Ontario]]
*[[Wilfrid Laurier University]]
*[[York University]]
{{div col end}}

=== List of Indian members===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shastriinstitute.org/indian-member-institutions|title=Indian Member Institutions {{!}} SHASTRI INDO CANADIAN INSTITUTE|website=www.shastriinstitute.org|access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad
*[[Assam University]]
*[[Banaras Hindu University]]
*[[Berhampur University]]
*[[University of Calcutta]]
*[[Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages]]
*[[University of Delhi]]
*Dr. Harisingh Gour University
*[[Goa University]]
*[[Hidayatullah National Law University]]
*[[Himachal Pradesh University]]
*[[University of Hyderabad]]
*Indian Council of Philosophical Research
*Indian Institute for Social and Economic Change
*[[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]], Shimla
*[[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]]
*[[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]]
*[[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]]
*[[Indian Institute of Management Indore]]
*[[Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode]]
*[[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]]
*[[Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati]]
*[[Indira Gandhi National Open University]]
*[[Jadavpur University]]
*[[University of Jammu]]
*[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
*[[University of Kerala]]
*[[University of Madras]]
*[[Madurai Kamaraj University]]
*[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
*[[Mangalore University]]
*[[University of Mumbai]]
*[[University of Mysore]]
*National Academy of Legal Studies and Research University
*National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies
*[[National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli]]
*[[National Institute of Technology, Jaipur]]
*[[National Law University, Jodhpur]]
*[[National Law School of Delhi]]
*National Museum Institute
*[[Osmania University]]
*[[Panjab University]]
*[[Pondicherry University]]
*[[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University]] (RMLNLU)
*SNDT Women's University
*Sri Venkataswara University
*Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Canada–India relations]]
[[Category:Charities based in Canada]]

Sriranga Deva Raya

2025-08-28T03:00:52Z

Svetlbwz: Added initial article w/ refs.

{{Short description|Emperor of Vijayanagara from 1572 to 1586}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{more footnotes|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| reign = 1572–1586
| title = [[Emperor]]
| succession = [[Vijayanagara Empire|Emperor of Vijayanagara]]
| predecessor = [[Tirumala Deva Raya]]
| successor = [[Venkata II]]
| dynasty = [[Aravidu Dynasty|Aravidu]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| father = [[Tirumala Deva Raya]]
| mother = Vengalamba
}}
'''Sriranga Deva Raya''' (reigned 1572–1586), also known as '''Sriranga I''', was the second [[Emperor of Vijayanagara]] from the [[Aravidu Dynasty]]. He reigned from the fortress of [[Penukonda]]. Sriranga succeeded his father, [[Tirumala Deva Raya|Emperor Tirumala Deva Raya]]. After the fall of [[Vijayanagara]] to the [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turko-Persian]] Sultanates of Deccan, he carried out the restoration of the empire from Penukonda. His reign was marred by repeated invasions and subsequent losses of territory to his [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turko-Persian]] Muslim neighbours.{{sfn|Rao|1994|p=127}}

In 1576, the [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turko-Persian]] [[Bijapur Sultanate|Sultan of Bijapur]] [[Ali Adil Shah I]] laid siege to Sriranga's capital fortress in [[Penukonda]] for three months, but at the end the emperor defeated the invading sultan which helped his general Savaram Chennappa defeat the Bijapur army.{{sfn|Rao|1994|p=127}}

In 1579, the [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turko-Persian]] [[Golconda Sultanate|Sultan of Golconda]] raided and plundered the rich temple of [[Narasimha]] at [[Ahobilam]]. By 1580, the [[Kondaveedu Fort|Kondaveedu]] province was lost to the same. Sriranga successfully recaptured [[Ahobilam]].

He died in 1586, without an heir and was succeeded by his youngest brother [[Venkata II|Venkatapathi Raya]], the governor of [[Chandragiri]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Citation |last=Rao |first=P. Raghunatha |year=1994|title=History And Culture Of Andhra Pradesh: From The Earliest Times To The Present Day |publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=81-207-1719-8}}

==Further reading==
* {{citation |last1=Rao |first1=Velcheru Narayana |last2=Shulman |first2=David Dean |first3=Sanjay |last3=Subrahmanyam |title=Symbols of Substance: Court and state in Nāyaka Period Tamilnadu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563021-3 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Subrahmanyam |first1=Sanjay |last2=Shulman |first2=David |title=The Men who Would be King? The Politics of Expansion in Early Seventeenth-Century Northern Tamilnadu |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=24 |issue=2 |year=2008 |pages=225–248 |issn=0026-749X |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00010301|s2cid=146726950 }}
* Sathianathaier, R. ''History of the Nayaks of Madura'' [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar; edited for the University, with introduction and notes by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924); see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924); xvi, 403 p.; 21 cm.; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.
*K.A. Nilakanta Sastry, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, (Reprinted 2002) {{ISBN|0-19-560686-8}}.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Vijayanagar empire]]|before=[[Tirumala Deva Raya]]|after=[[Venkata II]] |years=1572–1586}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sriranga 1}}
[[Category:1586 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara emperors]]
[[Category:People from Anantapur district]]
[[Category:Aravidu dynasty]]

Kamdhenu Yojna

2025-08-02T06:32:35Z

Svetlbwz: done - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}

'''Kamdhenu Yojna''' is a dairy scheme introduced in the year 2013 in [[Uttar Pradesh]] to surpass the low availability of high yielding germ plasm animals in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/Pilibhit-fails-to-milk-benefits-from-Kamdhenu-scheme/articleshow/41542364.cms|title=Pilibhit João Pedro Rodrigues Silva, São Paulo, Brasil to milk benefits from Kamdhenu scheme - Times of India|access-date=2016-08-02}}</ref> Its Kamdhenu, Mini Kamdhenu and Micro Kamdhenu version were started by the [[Animal husbandry in India|Animal husbandry]] department of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh Government]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animalhusb.up.nic.in/Policies%20Sub%20Page.htm|title=Animal Husbandry Website|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807112214/http://animalhusb.up.nic.in/Policies%20Sub%20Page.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The state government has launched Kamdhenu Dairy Scheme which envisions establishment of 100 high yielding animal units sourced from outside Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theindianiris.com/uttar-pradesh-kamdhenu-dairy-scheme/|title=Uttar Pradesh: Kamdhenu Dairy Scheme – The Indian Iris|website=theindianiris.com|access-date=2016-08-02}}</ref> Entrepreneurs are provided with interest free loan and subsidy.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20130220/2160059.html|title=UP govt to prepare plan for interest-free loan to milk producers|website=news.webindia123.com|access-date=2016-08-02|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816204416/http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20130220/2160059.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Through the scheme more than 1000 dairy farms of 100, 50 and 25 cattle have been established in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dairyfest.in/dairyfest.php|title=Dairy Fest 2016, Kamadhenu, Mini-Kamadhenu, Animal Feed|website=www.dairyfest.in|access-date=2016-08-02}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> National Dairy Plan (NDP) of the [[National Dairy Development Board]] (NDDB) comes under the unit of Uttar Pradesh.

== Background ==
With the production of 241.939 lacs M.T. of milk during the year 2013–14, Uttar Pradesh is the largest [[milk]] producing state in India. Still the average capacity of milk yielding animals is low in comparison to other states mainly, the reason being less availability of high yielding germ plasm animals in the state. Hence the need for Kamdhenu Yojna, which would ensure availability of high yielding animals to the farmers [http://animalhusb.up.nic.in/Establistment%20of%20Kamdhenu%20.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918100456/http://animalhusb.up.nic.in/Establistment%20of%20Kamdhenu%20.pdf |date=18 September 2016 }}

== Objective ==
* To safeguard creation and accessibility of high quality milk producing animals in Uttar Pradesh.
* To thrive high yielding germ plasm milk producing animals in Uttar Pradesh.
* To make sure the accessibility to farmers of high milk yielding animals in the state.
* ''Mini Kamdhenu'' & ''Micro Kamdhenu Scheme'' has been brought in existence to ensure assistance to the small and marginal farmers as well.

== References ==
<references />
[http://www.animalhusb.upsdc.gov.in/en Animal Husbandry Department] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107123036/http://www.animalhusb.upsdc.gov.in/en |date=7 November 2020 }}

== External links ==
* [http://animalhusb.up.nic.in/Establistment%20of%20Kamdhenu%20.pdf Establishment of Kamdhenu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918100456/http://animalhusb.up.nic.in/Establistment%20of%20Kamdhenu%20.pdf |date=18 September 2016 }}

{{Lucknow}}
{{Government schemes in India}}

[[Category:Government schemes in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Animal husbandry in Uttar Pradesh]]

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana

2025-06-17T08:30:46Z

Svetlbwz:

{{Short description|Scheme launched by the Narendra Modi led Government of India}}
{{italic title}}
{{distinguish|Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
'''''Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana'', 2016 (PMGKY)''' (English, Prime Minister's Poor welfare scheme) is a scheme launched by the [[Narendra Modi]] led [[Government of India]] in December 2016 on the lines of the [[Income declaration scheme, 2016]] (IDS) launched earlier in the year. A part of the [[The Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016|Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016]], the scheme provides an opportunity to declare unaccounted for wealth and [[Black money in India|black money]] in a confidential manner and avoid prosecution after paying a fine of 50% on the undisclosed income. An additional 25% of the undisclosed income is invested in the scheme which can be refunded after four years, without any interest.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/government-announces-new-income-declaration-scheme-pm-garib-kalyan-yojana-stringent-penalties-prescribed/articleshow/56020146.cms|title=Government announces new income declaration scheme 'PM Garib Kalyan Yojana'; stringent penalties prescribed|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/tax/new-income-disclosure-scheme-do-or-die-for-black-money-holders_8050581.html|title=New income disclosure scheme: Do or die for black money holders|website=www.moneycontrol.com|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pm-garib-kalyan-yojana-providing-chance-to-turn-black-money-into-white-begins-today-2283706|title=PM Garib Kalyan Yojana providing chance to turn black money into white begins today {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2016-12-17|newspaper=dna|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref>

Valid from 16 December 2016 to 31 March 2017, the scheme could only be availed to declare income in the form of cash or deposits in Indian bank accounts and not in the form of jewellery, stock, immovable property, or deposits in overseas accounts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/tax/no-stocks-property-disclosure-under-new-black-money-scheme_8295481.html|title=No stocks, property disclosure under new black money scheme|website=www.moneycontrol.com|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-foreign-accounts-property-bullion-cant-be-disclosed-under-pradhan-mantri-garib-kalyan-yojana-scheme-govt-10998|title=Foreign accounts, property, bullion can't be disclosed under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana Scheme: Govt|date=2017-01-18|newspaper=Zee Business|language=en|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref>

Not declaring undisclosed income under the PMGKY would attract a fine of 77.25% if the income is shown in tax returns. In case the income is not shown in tax returns, it will attract a further 10% penalty followed by prosecution.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation]]
* [[Income declaration scheme, 2016]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Taxation in India}}
{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Income tax in India]]
[[Category:2016 in Indian economy]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]