https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Surojits999 2026-08-17T03:02:11Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thoubal_Assembly_constituency&diff=541163 2026-05-07T17:18:21Z

<p>Surojits999: Starting</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Manipur State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Thoubal<br /> | mla = [[Okram Ibobi Singh]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | alliance= {{Color box|#00BFFF}} [[Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance|MPSA]]<br /> | state = [[Manipur]]<br /> | district = [[Thoubal district|Thoubal]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]]<br /> | established = 1967<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:32132}}&lt;ref name=election2022&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14166-manipur-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Manipur General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2027|6}}<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 31<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Thoubal Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 60 [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Manipur]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref name=election2017&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/magazine/2019/gels/CEO%20Report%202019%20.pdf |title= Report - General Election to Lok Sabha, 2019|website=ceomanipur.nic.in |date= |author=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= December 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Thoubal district]].<br /> <br /> == Extent ==<br /> Thoubal is the 31st among 60 constituencies of Manipur. It consists of 40 parts namely: 1 - Moijing Leingoijil, 2 - Moijing Thoubalmayum Leikai, 3 - Moijing Awang Leikai, 4 - Moijing Awang Mamang Leikai, 5 - Moijing Wangmataba Makha Leikai, 6 - Moijing Wangmataba, 7 - Leishangthem (A), 8 - Leishangthem (B), 9 - Leishangthem Khongmanung Maning Leikai, 10 - Leishangthem Keli Makhong (A), 11 - Leishangthem Keli Makhong (B), 12 - Leishangthem Wangmataba (A), 13 - Leishangthem Wangmataba (B), 14 - Thoudam Thokchom, 15 - Nongangkhong (A), 16 - Nongangkhong (B), 17 - Nongangkhong (C), 18 - Okram Wangmataba (A), 19 - Okram Wangmataba (B), 20 - Thoubal Wangmataba(A), 21 - Thoubal Wangmataba(B), 22 - Thoubal Wangmataba(C), 23 - Sabaltongba (1), 24 - Sabaltongba (2-A), 25 - Sabaltongba (2-B), 26 - Okram Hanjaba (A), 27 - Okram Hanjaba (B), 28 - Okram Hanjaba Thongju Leikai, 29 - Okram Hanjaba (C), 30 - Kshetri Leikai (A), 31 - Kshetri Leikai (B), 32 - Kshetri Leikai (C), 33 - Thoubal Achouba Awang Leikai (A), 34 - Thoubal Achouba Awang Leikai (B), 35 - Thoubal Achouba (A), 36 - Thoubal Achouba (B), 37 - Thoubal Achouba Makha Leikai, 38 - Athokpam Town Portion (A), 39 - Athokpam Town Portion (B), and 40 - Thoudam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CEO, Manipur {{!}} Electoral Roll |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/eroll |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=ceomanipur.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995]] <br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Leitanthem Tomba Singh <br /> |{{Full party name with color|Manipur Peoples Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000]] <br /> |{{Full party name with color|Manipur State Congress Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002]] <br /> |{{Full party name with color|Federal Party of Manipur}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007]] <br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Okram Ibobi Singh]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2022|2022]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.00}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2017|2017]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|68.38}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2012|2012]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|82.94}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2007|2007]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|72.86}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2002|2002]]|{{party color|Federal Party of Manipur}}|26.45}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2000|2000]]|{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}|37.64}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1995|1995]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|60.19}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Janata Party}}|33.83}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|26.92}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|29.90}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1972|1972]]|{{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}|54.68}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|22.69}}<br /> }}<br /> === Assembly Election 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |title=Result Sheet State Assembly Election 2022 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084814/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |archive-date= 26 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Okram Ibobi Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,085 |percentage=51.00% |change=-17.39% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Leitanthem Basanta Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,542 |percentage=42.40% |change=12.41% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Konsam Michael Singh |party=Shiv Sena |votes=1,622 |percentage=5.48% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=187 |percentage=0.63% |change=0.11% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,543 |percentage=8.60% |change=-29.80% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=29,581 |percentage=92.06% |change= 1.16% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,132 |change =7.10% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -17.39% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 2017 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal&lt;ref name=results2017&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2017 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905063602/http://www.ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |archive-date= 5 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Okram Ibobi Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,649 |percentage=68.38% |change=-14.56% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Leitanthem Basanta Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,179 |percentage=29.99% |change=14.08% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Leishangthem Suresh Singh |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=144 |percentage=0.53% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=143 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,470 |percentage=38.39% |change=-28.64% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=27,271 |percentage=90.90% |change= 6.25% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,002 |change =10.16% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -14.56% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 2012 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2012 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628212737/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |archive-date= 28 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Okram Ibobi Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,121 |percentage=82.94% |change=10.08% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Oinam Indira |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,668 |percentage=15.91% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. A. K. Manglemjao Singh |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=257 |percentage=1.11% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,453 |percentage=67.03% |change=20.63% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=23,054 |percentage=84.62% |change= -6.90% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,236 |change =4.44% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 10.08% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 2007 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2007 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512162740/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Okram Ibobi Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,393 |percentage=72.86% |change=49.90% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Leitanthem Tomba Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=6,316 |percentage=26.46% |change=3.71% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Akoijam Manglemjao Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=162 |percentage=0.68% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,077 |percentage=46.40% |change=42.92% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=23,872 |percentage=91.54% |change= -0.74% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,078 |change =14.77% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Federal Party of Manipur |swing= 46.41% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 2002 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2002 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512183325/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Leitanthem Tomba Singh |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=5,502 |percentage=26.45% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tourangbam Mukesh Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,777 |percentage=22.96% |change=2.37% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Abdul Rouf |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,733 |percentage=22.75% |change=-1.09% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Irom Chaoba |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,499 |percentage=16.82% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akoijam Manglemjao |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=2,291 |percentage=11.01% |change=-26.62% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=725 |percentage=3.49% |change=-10.31% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=20,802 |percentage=92.28% |change= -2.49% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,722 |change =4.49% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Federal Party of Manipur |loser=Manipur State Congress Party |swing= -33.74% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 2000 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Leitanthem Tomba Singh |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=7,527 |percentage=37.64% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rouf |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,768 |percentage=23.84% |change=-36.35% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukhes Tourangbam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,118 |percentage=20.59% |change=-5.44% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thoudam Krishna Singh |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=3,550 |percentage=17.75% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,759 |percentage=13.80% |change=-20.37% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=19,999 |percentage=92.84% |change= -1.93% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,745 |change =9.23% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur State Congress Party |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= -22.55% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Leitanthem Tomba Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=11,239 |percentage=60.19% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thoudam Krishna Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,860 |percentage=26.03% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puyam Khogendro |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,589 |percentage=8.51% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tourangbam Mukesh Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=946 |percentage=5.07% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,379 |percentage=34.16% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=18,673 |percentage=94.77% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,907 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 1984 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Leitanthem Tomba Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=5,316 |percentage=33.83% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thoudam Krishna Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,050 |percentage=25.77% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akoijam Ibomcha |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,247 |percentage=20.66% |change=-6.26% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aribam Shantikishore |party=Independent politician |votes=2,941 |percentage=18.72% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akoijam Jugeshwar |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes=160 |percentage=1.02% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,266 |percentage=8.06% |change=7.56% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=15,714 |percentage=88.16% |change= -1.41% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,324 |change =17.03% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= 6.91% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Thodam Krishna |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,701 |percentage=26.92% |change=-2.97% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akoijam Ibomcha |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes=3,633 |percentage=26.43% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aribam Shantikishore |party=Janata Party (Secular) |votes=3,053 |percentage=22.21% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Koijam Mangi Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=1,717 |percentage=12.49% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akoijam Birendra |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=1,007 |percentage=7.33% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thangjam Jatra |party=Independent politician |votes=636 |percentage=4.63% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=68 |percentage=0.49% |change=-1.36% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=13,747 |percentage=89.58% |change= -2.30% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,658 |change =25.15% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= -2.97% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 1974 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Koijam Mangi Singh |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=3,366 |percentage=29.90% |change=-24.78% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thoudam Krishna Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,157 |percentage=28.04% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajkoijam Ibomecha Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,841 |percentage=25.23% |change=2.20% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aribam Shantikishore |party=Independent politician |votes=1,850 |percentage=16.43% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=209 |percentage=1.86% |change=-29.79% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=11,259 |percentage=91.88% |change= 4.64% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,511 |change =35.27% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser=Manipur Peoples Party |swing= -24.78% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Langpoklakpam Chadyaima |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,290 |percentage=54.68% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Waikhom Mani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,807 |percentage=23.03% |change=0.35% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thangjam Jatra |party=Independent politician |votes=830 |percentage=10.58% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akoijamu Bomcha |party=Independent politician |votes=706 |percentage=9.00% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naorem Kala |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=213 |percentage=2.71% |change=-0.49% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,483 |percentage=31.65% |change=28.59% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,846 |percentage=87.24% |change= 3.73% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,249 |change =-42.62% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur Peoples Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 31.99% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Thoubal}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Waikhom Mani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,943 |percentage=22.69% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Chaoyaima |party=Independent politician |votes=2,546 |percentage=19.63% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Ibomcha |party=Independent politician |votes=2,408 |percentage=18.56% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Chourjit |party=Independent politician |votes=1,673 |percentage=12.90% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. I. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,489 |percentage=11.48% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=W. Nimaichand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,418 |percentage=10.93% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naorem Kala |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=416 |percentage=3.21% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Jugeswor |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=80 |percentage=0.62% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=397 |percentage=3.06% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=12,973 |percentage=83.51% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,120 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Thoubal district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Record of all Manipur Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/81-manipur/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Manipur}}<br /> {{coord|24.54|93.97|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Thoubal district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Manipur]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Manipur]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Manipur]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nirmala_Srivastava&diff=522195 2026-04-28T08:05:18Z

<p>Surojits999: added new article</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian spiritual teacher}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi<br /> | image = Shri Mataji Nirmala Shrivastava.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|03|21}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Chhindwara]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2011|02|23|1923|03|21}}<br /> | death_place = [[Genoa]], [[Italy]]<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Chandrika Prasad Srivastava]]|1947}}<br /> | known_for = [[Sahaja Yoga]]<br /> | website = http://www.sahajayoga.org/<br /> }}<br /> '''Nirmala Srivastava''' (née '''Nirmala Salve'''; 21 March 1923{{snd}}23 February 2011), also known as '''Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi''', was the founder and [[Modern yoga gurus|guru]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lewis Tollefsen 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=James R. |last2=Tollefsen |first2=Inga B. |title=The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements: Volume II |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190466190 |page=293 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZdHDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA293 |quote=A few female gurus have gained international recognition... Sahaja Yoga's guru, Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi.}}&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Sahaja Yoga]], a religious [[cult]]&lt;!--many sources for this at its article--&gt;.&lt;ref name=be-advisory&gt;{{cite web |title=Advies van het Informatie- en Adviescentrum inzake de Schadelijke Sektarische Organisaties (IACSSO) over Sahaja Yoga |publisher={{Ill|IACASSO|nl|Informatie- en Adviescentrum inzake schadelijke sektarische organisaties}} |language=nl |date=7 March 2005 |url=https://www.iacsso.be/publicatiesadvies050307.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Abgrall |first=Jean-Marie |title=Soul Snatchers: The Mechanics of Cults |publisher=Algora Publishing |year=2000 |author-link=Jean-Marie Abgrall |isbn=978-1-892941-04-6 |pages=139–144}}&lt;/ref&gt; She claimed to have been born fully realised and spent her life working for peace by developing and promoting a simple technique through which people can achieve their self-realization.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wayne Dyer The Power of Intention&quot;&gt;Wayne Dyer, &quot;The power of intention&quot; &quot;She is the primordial mother&quot;, p56-57, Hay House, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;IndianExpress250211&quot;&gt;{{cite news |work=[[Indian Express]] |title=Sahaja Yoga founder Nirmala Devi is dead |agency=Express News Service |date=25 February 2011 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sahaja-yoga-founder-nirmala-devi-is-dead/754645/ |access-date=24 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227021237/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sahaja-yoga-founder-nirmala-devi-is-dead/754645 |archive-date=27 February 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> <br /> Born in [[Chhindwara]], Madhya Pradesh, [[India]] to a [[Hindu]] father and a Christian mother Prasad and Cornelia Salve, her parents named her Nirmala, which means &quot;immaculate&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salve2&quot;&gt;H.P. Salve, ''My memoirs'' (New Delhi: LET, 2000), chapter 1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Origin and meaning of the name Nirmala |url=http://babynamesworld.parentsconnect.com/meaning_of_Nirmala.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715044230/http://babynamesworld.parentsconnect.com/meaning_of_Nirmala.html |archive-date=15 July 2011 |access-date=1 March 2011 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Mukunda |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/India_s_Greatest_Minds/-zllEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Nirmala+name+immaculate&amp;pg=PT266&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=India’s Greatest Minds: Spiritual Masters, Philosophers, Reformers |date=2022-04-25 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-89253-54-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She said that she was born [[self-realization|self-realised]].&lt;ref name=&quot;whois&quot; /&gt; Her father, a scholar of fourteen languages, translated the [[Quran]] into [[Marathi language|Marathi]], and her mother was the first woman in India to receive an honours degree in mathematics.&lt;ref name = &quot;IndianExpress250211&quot;/&gt; Shri Mataji descended from the royal [[Satavahana|Shalivahana/Satavahana]] dynasty.&lt;ref name=&quot;whois&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://shrimataji.org/site/life/shri-mataji-family.html |title=Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi's Family and Heritage |access-date=13 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211710/http://shrimataji.org/site/life/shri-mataji-family.html |archive-date=6 December 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; The former union minister [[N. K. P. Salve]] was her brother and the lawyer [[Harish Salve]] is her nephew. The Salve surname is one of several in the [[Maratha clan system#Salvi, Satavahanas, Andhras|Satavahana Maratha clan]].{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br /> <br /> She passed her childhood years in the family house in Nagpur.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;[http://www.shrimataji.net/albums/biography/ShriMatajiNirmalaDevi-SelectedBiography_files/frame.htm Biography at shrimataji.net] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504041003/http://www.shrimataji.net/albums/biography/ShriMatajiNirmalaDevi-SelectedBiography_files/frame.htm |date=4 May 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Better source needed|date=June 2011}} In her youth she stayed in the [[ashram]] of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Salve2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://shrimataji.org/site/life/biography-from-nirmala-srivastava-to-shri-mataji/childhood.html |title=Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi - Childhood |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114001031/http://shrimataji.org/site/life/biography-from-nirmala-srivastava-to-shri-mataji/childhood.html |archive-date=14 January 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; Like her parents, she was involved with the [[History of the Republic of India|struggle for Indian independence]] and, as a youth leader when a young woman, was jailed for participating in the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salve2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Salve3&quot;&gt;H.P. Salve, ''My memoirs'' (New Delhi: LET, 2000), chapter 4&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/07/stories/2003040700860400.htm |title=A message for one and all, ''The Hindu'', 7 April 2003 |access-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108134808/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/07/stories/2003040700860400.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=dead |work=[[The Hindu]] |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taking responsibility for her younger siblings and living a spartan lifestyle during this period infused the feeling of self-sacrifice for the wider good.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://shrimataji.org/site/life/biography-from-nirmala-srivastava-to-shri-mataji/shri-mataji-college-years.html |title=Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi - College Years |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114000418/http://shrimataji.org/site/life/biography-from-nirmala-srivastava-to-shri-mataji/shri-mataji-college-years.html |archive-date=14 January 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; She studied at the [[Christian Medical College Ludhiana|Christian Medical College]] in [[Ludhiana]] and the Balakram Medical College in [[Lahore]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Shortly before India achieved independence in 1947, Shri Mataji married [[Chandrika Prasad Srivastava]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Salve3&quot;/&gt; a high-ranking [[Indian Civil Service|Indian civil servant]] who later served Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] as Joint Secretary, in 1974 elected as the Secretary-General of the [[International Maritime Organization]] (IMO), a United Nations agency based in London, serving successive four-year terms as Secretary-General from 1974 to 1989. He was bestowed an [[Honorary knighthood#Honorary awards|honorary KCMG]] by [[Elizabeth II]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.burkespeerage.com/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&amp;FN=SRIVASTAVA |title=Burke's Peerage |publisher=Burkespeerage.com |date=8 July 1920 |access-date=26 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; They had two daughters, Kalpana Srivastava&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imo.org/Newsroom/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1018&amp;doc_id=4971 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222005627/http://www.imo.org/Newsroom/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1018&amp;doc_id=4971 |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 February 2007 |title=Portraits of former IMO Secretaries-General unveiled |publisher=Imo.org |date=21 June 2005 |access-date=26 November 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and Sadhana Varma.&lt;ref&gt;Rommel Varma; Sadhana Varma. ''Ascent to the Divine: Himalaya Kailasa-Manasarovar in Scripture, Art and Thought'' {{ISBN|978-2-88169-001-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1961, Nirmala Srivastava launched the &quot;Youth Society for Films&quot; to infuse national, social and moral values in young people. She was also a member of the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br /> <br /> ==Sahaja Yoga==<br /> {{main|Sahaja Yoga}}<br /> [[File:HH Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi.jpg|thumb|Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi temple in [[Naddi]]]]<br /> <br /> Nirmala Srivastava founded Sahaja Yoga in 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Religion |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA [Imprint] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-02-865997-8 |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Lindsey |edition=2nd |location=Detroit }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- pull in paragraphs from lede of main article --&gt;{{Excerpt|Sahaja Yoga|paragraphs=2,3|hat=no}}<br /> <br /> ==Later work==<br /> [[File:Nirmala Srivastava.jpg|thumb|Nirmala Srivastava in 2011]]<br /> <br /> In 2003 a charity house for the rehabilitation of destitute women was set up in Delhi (the ''Vishwa Nirmala Prem Ashram'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/A-New-Childhood/articleshow/457754.cms |title=A New Childhood |author=Arshiya Khanna |date=16 November 2006 |access-date=4 November 2007 |format=Editorial |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018233831/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-16/edit-page/27827906_1_girls-drunken-man-mother |archive-date=18 October 2012 |url-status=live |work=[[The Times of India]] |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; She set up the ''Shri P.K. Salve Kala Pratishthan'' in Nagpur as an international music school in the same year, to promote classical music and fine art.&lt;ref name = &quot;IndianExpress250211&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title =Shri P.K. Salve Kala Pratishthan|publisher =PKS Academy|url =http://www.pksacademy.com/about.htm|access-date =25 February 2011|url-status =dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110715091513/http://www.pksacademy.com/about.htm|archive-date =15 July 2011|df =dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Until 2004, during her travels, she gave numerous public lectures, [[Puja (Hinduism)|pujas]], and interviews to newspapers, television and radio. In 2004 her official website announced that she had completed her work and Sahaja Yoga centers exist in almost every country of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;SWAN&quot;&gt;[http://www.sahajayoga.org/swan/view/swan_247_2004.asp We want the world to know...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204211013/http://www.sahajayoga.org/swan/view/swan_247_2004.asp |date=4 February 2012 }} &quot;Shri Mataji has completed her work&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; She continued to give talks to her devotees&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.shrimataji.org/india2007/story/226#more |title=Sunday 23rd March. ''You have to forgive'' – Easter puja talk |publisher=Shrimataji.org |access-date=26 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002161134/http://www.shrimataji.org/india2007/story/226#more |archive-date=2 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; and allowed them to offer her [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.shrimataji.org/italy2008/story/241#more Shri Mataji allowed to offer her puja on the occasion of Buddha Purnima] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720154748/http://www.shrimataji.org/italy2008/story/241 |date=20 July 2008 }} (20 May 2008)&lt;/ref&gt;{{Better source needed|date=June 2011}}<br /> <br /> She spoke on several occasions about the harms of drinking alcohol&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.shrimataji.org/italy2008/story/242 |title=Saturday 17th May. ''Will power and the menace called alcohol'' |publisher=Shrimataji.org |access-date=26 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002161225/http://www.shrimataji.org/italy2008/story/242 |archive-date=2 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; and that many people were cured from addiction when they got their self realization through Sahaja Yoga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sahajayogaportal.org/en/stop-drinking-with-yoga.html|title = Stop Drinking with Yoga}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Honors and recognition ==<br /> * Italy, 1986. Declared &quot;Personality of the Year&quot; by the Italian Government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Rome|first1=Marcus|title=Yogi shared teachings at no cost|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/yogi-shared-teachings-at-no-cost-20110520-1ewo1.html |publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=21 May 2011 |access-date=19 Nov 2019 |ref=The Sydney Morning Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202065059/http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/yogi-shared-teachings-at-no-cost-20110520-1ewo1.html|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[New York City|New York]], 1990–1994. Invited by the United Nations for four consecutive years to speak about means to achieve world peace.&lt;ref name=&quot;A Selection of Awards and Recognitions&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=A Selection of Awards and Recognitions|url=http://shrimataji.org/site/life/awards-and-recognition.html|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330195304/http://shrimataji.org/site/life/awards-and-recognition.html|archive-date=30 March 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|website=Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[St. Peterburg]], Russia, 1993. Appointed as honorary member of the Petrovskaya Academy of Art and Science.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=International Scientific Conference, St. Peterburg|date=14 September 1994 |url=https://www.amruta.org/1994/09/14/medical-conference-in-st-petersburg-1994/|access-date=2 March 2017|location=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031239/https://www.amruta.org/1994/09/14/medical-conference-in-st-petersburg-1994/|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|website=Amruta}} Timestamp: 00:15:46&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Romania, 1995. Awarded honorary doctorate in cognitive science by the Ecological University Bucharest.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Medical Conference, Ecological University of Bucharest|date=2 August 1995 |url=https://www.amruta.org/1995/08/02/medical-conference-at-ecological-university-of-bucharest-1995/|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112955/https://www.amruta.org/1995/08/02/medical-conference-at-ecological-university-of-bucharest-1995/|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all|website=Amruta}} Timestamp: 55:17&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * China, 1995. Official guest of the Chinese Government to speak at the United Nations International Women's Conference.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Fourth World Conference On Women, Beijing, China|date=13 September 1995 |url=https://www.amruta.org/1995/09/13/conference-on-women-in-beijing-1995/|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031349/https://www.amruta.org/1995/09/13/conference-on-women-in-beijing-1995/|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|website=Amruta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Pune, India, 1996. On the occasion of the 700th Anniversary of Saint Gyaneshwara, she addressed the &quot;World Philosophers Meet '96 - A Parliament of Science, Religion and Philosophy&quot; at Maharashtra Institute of Technology.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Public Program at Maharashtra Institute of Technology|date=25 November 1996 |url=https://www.amruta.org/1996/11/25/pp-on-the-700th-birthday-of-shri-gyaneshwara-1996/|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031412/https://www.amruta.org/1996/11/25/pp-on-the-700th-birthday-of-shri-gyaneshwara-1996/|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|website=Amruta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * London, 1997. Claes Nobel, grandnephew of [[Alfred Nobel]], chairman of United Earth, honoured her life and work in a public speech at the Royal Albert Hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Tribute To Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi By Claes Nobel|date=3 July 1997 |url=https://www.amruta.org/1997/07/03/public-program-tribute-to-shri-mataji-nirmala-devi-by-claes-nobel-royal-albert-hall-london/|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110035516/http://www.amruta.org/1997/07/03/public-program-tribute-to-shri-mataji-nirmala-devi-by-claes-nobel-royal-albert-hall-london/|archive-date=10 January 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|website=Amruta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * A road in Navi Mumbai, near the Sahaja Yoga Health and Research Center, was named in her honor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Awards and Achievements|url=http://www.sahajayogahealthcentre.org/awards-and-achievments.html|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201132827/http://sahajayogahealthcentre.org/awards-and-achievments.html|archive-date=1 February 2017|url-status=unfit|df=dmy-all|website=Sahaja Yoga Health &amp; Research Centre (Greater Noida)}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Cabella Ligure, Italy, 2006. She was awarded honorary Italian citizenship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cittadinanza onoraria, Il Secolo XIX|date=25 February 2011|url=http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/basso_piemonte/2011/02/25/AOJ2KW-cabella_addio_santona.shtml|publisher=Il Secolo XIX|access-date=2 March 2017|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207032009/http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/p/basso_piemonte/2011/02/25/AOJ2KW-cabella_addio_santona.shtml|archive-date=7 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Cabella Ligure, Italy, 2009. [[Bhajan Sopori]] and his son [[Abhay Sopori]] composed the [[Raga|raag]] ''Nirmalkauns'' in her honour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nirmalkauns (Pandit Bhajan Abhay Sopori) in honor of Shri Mataji|website = [[YouTube]]| date=19 September 2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lCWb-ZSSp0|access-date=3 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208024013/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lCWb-ZSSp0|archive-date=8 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} Timestamp: 0:14-3:03&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of messiah claimants]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * Mataji Shri Nirmala Devi, ''Meta modern era'' (New Delhi: Ritana Books, 1997) {{ISBN|81-86650-05-9}} <br /> * Pullar, Philippa (1984) ''The shortest journey'', {{ISBN|0-04-291018-8}}<br /> * Kakar, Sudhir (1984) ''Shamans, mystics and doctors: a psychological inquiry into India and its healing traditions'', {{ISBN|0-226-42279-8}}<br /> * Coney, Judith (1999) ''Sahaja yoga: socializing processes in a South Asian new religious movement'', (London: Curzon Press) {{ISBN|0-7007-1061-2}}<br /> * H.P. Salve [her brother], ''My memoirs'' (New Delhi: LET Books, 2000)<br /> * Gregoire de Kalbermatten, ''The advent'' (Bombay, 1979: reprint: New York: daisyamerica, 2002) {{ISBN|1-932406-00-X}}<br /> * Gregoire de Kalbermatten, ''The third advent'' (New York: daisyamerica, 2003; Melbourne: Penguin Australia, 2004; Delhi: Penguin India, 2004) {{ISBN|1-932406-07-7}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{commons category-inline}}<br /> * {{wikiquote inline}}<br /> * {{official website|http://www.shrimataji.org/}}<br /> <br /> {{Modern yoga gurus}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Srivastava, Nirmala}}<br /> [[Category:1923 births]]<br /> [[Category:2011 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Sahaja Yoga]]<br /> [[Category:Indian spiritual teachers]]<br /> [[Category:Founders of new religious movements]]<br /> [[Category:Indian spiritual writers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Chhindwara]]<br /> [[Category:Deified women]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]<br /> [[Category:Female religious leaders]]<br /> [[Category:Indian yoga teachers]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]<br /> [[Category:Women educators from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Educators from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi people]]<br /> [[Category:Modern Indian yoga gurus]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Galwan&diff=549250 2026-04-20T18:51:14Z

<p>Surojits999: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>'''Battle of Galwan''' may refer to:<br /> *Various conflicts between China and India in the [[Galwan River#Sino-Indian border dispute|Galwan River Valley]]<br /> **[[Battle of Galwan (1962)]], during the 1962 Sino-Indian War<br /> **[[Battle of Galwan (2020)]], during the 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes<br /> *[[L.A.C. Battle of Galwan|''L.A.C. Battle of Galwan'']], 2025 Indian film directed by Nitin Kumar Gupta about the 2020 skirmish<br /> *''Battle of Galwan'', upcoming Indian film directed by [[Apoorva Lakhia]] about the 2020 skirmish<br /> <br /> {{disamb}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barauni%E2%80%93Mokama_section&diff=489788 2026-04-20T17:38:36Z

<p>Surojits999: made new entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Railway line in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox rail line<br /> | box_width = 28em<br /> | name = Barauni–Mokama section<br /> | color = <br /> | logo = <br /> | logo_width = <br /> | image = Rajendra Setu (carrying 2 Lane NH 28 at top and single BG electrified line at bottom.jpg<br /> | image_width = <br /> | caption = Rajendra Setu on Barauni–Mokama section<br /> | type = Electrified<br /> | system = Broad gauge<br /> | status = Operational<br /> | locale = [[Bihar]]<br /> | start = {{stnlnk|Barauni Junction}}<br /> | end = [[Mokama Junction]]<br /> | stations = 9<br /> | routes = Barauni- Patna Rail Route<br /> | open = <br /> | close = <br /> | owner = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]<br /> | character = <br /> | depot = <br /> | stock = <br /> | linelength = {{convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | tracklength = 20 Km<br /> | gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]<br /> | minradius = <br /> | racksystem = <br /> | speed = 50 km per Hrs. maximum<br /> | elevation = <br /> | website = <br /> | map = {{Mokama–Barauni section}}<br /> | map_state = collapsed<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Barauni–Mokama section''' connects {{stnlnk|Mokama Junction}} and [[Barauni Junction]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<br /> <br /> The [[Howrah–Delhi main line]] on the southern side of the Ganges was opened to through traffic in 1866 and the railway lines on the northern side of the Ganges also came up in the subsequent years of the nineteenth century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://indianrailwaynotes.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/north-eastern-railway.pdf|title= Indian Railways line history 2. North Eastern Railway |access-date=2012-01-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The lines could only be connected with the construction of {{convert|2|km|adj=on}} long [[Rajendra Setu]] in 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.irse.bravehost.com/irhpi.htm | title = Indian railways history (after independence) | publisher = Indian Railways | access-date = 2012-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111005074811/http://www.irse.bravehost.com/irhpi.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2011 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The {{convert|3.19|km|adj=on}}-long [[Munger Ganga Bridge]], 55&amp;nbsp;km downstream of the [[Rajendra Setu]], links [[Jamalpur, Bihar|Jamalpur]] station on the [[Sahibganj loop]] line of Eastern Railway to the [[Barauni–Katihar section]] of East Central Railway.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.ppnow.com/other/trains-in-india/| title = Trains in India| publisher = PPPNOW.com| access-date = 2012-01-24| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120328025642/http://ppnow.com/other/trains-in-india/| archive-date = 28 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Rajendra Setu.png|thumb|Rajendra Setu]]<br /> The {{convert|4.56|km|adj=on}} long [[Digha–Sonpur Bridge]] located near [[Patna]], link to [[Sonpur, Bihar|Sonpur]].&lt;ref name=hindu&gt;{{cite news| url = http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/13/stories/2009101351860300.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091022114304/http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/13/stories/2009101351860300.htm| url-status = dead| archive-date = 22 October 2009|title = 'Rail bridge over Ganga would be nation's pride' |date=13 October 2009|access-date = 2012-01-24| work = [[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Trains==<br /> These trains has a stop in this section while there is many other trains.<br /> <br /> * [[Jaynagar–Anand Vihar Garib Rath Express]]<br /> * [[Jaynagar-Udhna Antyodaya Express]]<br /> * [[Bagmati Express]]<br /> * [[Jaynagar-Patna Namo Bharat Rapid Rail]]<br /> * [[Kamla Ganga Express]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120125230356/http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=BJU&amp;name=BARAUNI%20JN Trains at Barauni]<br /> <br /> {{Railways in Eastern India}}<br /> {{Patna Division topics}}<br /> {{Munger Division topics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mokama-Barauni section}}<br /> [[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]<br /> [[Category:Railway lines in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Barauni]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raju_Sahu&diff=528819 2026-04-20T09:18:47Z

<p>Surojits999: added pg - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician from Assam}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Raju Sahu<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 2001<br /> | term_end = 2016<br /> | constituency = [[Chabua Assembly constituency|Chabua]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Bhaben Baruah]]<br /> | successor = [[Binod Hazarika]]<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Tinsukia College]]<br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Raju Sahu''' is an Indian politician from [[Assam]]. He was elected three times as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chabua Assembly constituency|Chabua]] constituency, as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]], in the [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]], [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]], and [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]] [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Raju Sahu (Winner) CHABUA (DIBRUGARH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/assam2011/candidate.php?candidate_id=289|access-date=2025-04-26|website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chabua (Assam) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=https://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/chabua.html|access-date=2025-04-26|website=Elections.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chabua Assembly Constituency Election Result|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/chabua-assam-assembly-constituency|access-date=2025-04-26|website=Result University}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Assam MLAs 2001–2006]]<br /> [[Category:Assam MLAs 2006–2011]]<br /> [[Category:Assam MLAs 2011–2016]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> {{Assam-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adille_Sumariwalla&diff=484614 2026-04-18T19:53:50Z

<p>Surojits999: made new entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian sports administrator and athlete (born 1958)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Adille J. Sumariwalla<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size = 185px<br /> | caption = <br /> | order = <br /> | office = [[Indian Olympic Association|Vice-President of Indian Olympic Association]]<br /> | term_start = 14 December 2017<br /> | term_end = 10 December 2022<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|1|1|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[India]] {{flagicon|IND}}<br /> | death_date = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | spouse = Armaity Sumariwalla (1986)<br /> | children = 2<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | module = {{Infobox sportsperson|embed=yes<br /> | medaltemplates =<br /> {{MedalSport|Men's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}<br /> {{MedalBronze|[[1979 Asian Athletics Championships|1979 Tokyo]]|4×100 m}}<br /> }} <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Dr. Adille J. Sumariwalla''' (born 1 January 1958) is an Indian sports administrator, former athlete and entrepreneur, who represented India at the [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow Olympics]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-marching-behind-the-tricolour-was-a-great-feeling-adille-sumariwalla-1708034|title=Marching behind tricolour was a great feeling|access-date=30 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sumariwalla competed as a 100m runner in several international competitions and at the Olympics. Currently, he is the president of the [[Athletics Federation of India]], and was elected as one of the members of council of [[IAAF]] at its 50th congress, thus becoming the first Indian to do so.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/afi-president-adille-sumariwalla-elected-iaaf-council-member/article7557303.ece|title=AFI president elected IAAD council member|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 August 2015 |access-date=30 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also an entrepreneur and owns many media businesses in India, after tenures at some media companies including the American Media Company.<br /> <br /> == Educational Background ==<br /> Sumariwalla completed his schooling at St. Mary's school, Mumbai. His educational qualifications include a Bachelor's Degree in Financial Accounting and Auditing from the University of Bombay alongside a Master's Degree in Business Management from the [[University of Mumbai]].<br /> He pursued an MBA from the [[Asian Institute of Management]] in Manila and continued his education at the Harvard Business School - India Research Centre<br /> He was a treasurer at the Olympians Association of India and a member of the Terry Fox Committee in India. He has collected over USD 10 Million since its inception. He acted as a member of the Academic Council at the University of Bombay and the Academic Council at the Shivaji University of Kolhapur.<br /> <br /> == Athletics career ==<br /> Adille Sumariwalla participated in the OLYMPIC GAMES, Moscow 1980 along with bagging a medal at the Asian Track and Field Championships, Tokyo 1979.<br /> He shone brightly when he bagged the gold medal at the South Asian Games in 1984 and held the National Record for 18 years in the 100m sprint category. The State Government awarded him for his Excellence in Athletics in the year 1980 alongside his Excellence in Coaching in 1999. He also played a vital role in coaching Olympians, International &amp; National athletes. Sumariwalla has been an athlete since his school and college days. He had set the men's 200m Collegiate Record and held it for 35 years, until Gaurang Amre broke the record. He expressed gladness as the record was broken, but at the same time expressed concern over the time taken to break the record, quoting these records should be broken &quot;every two or three years&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/gaurang-amre-breaks-sumariwallas-35-year-old-record-in-200m-dash/15771171|title=Gaurang Amre breaks Sumariwallas record|date=17 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He has won the national title in 100m sprint 11 times.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianathletics.in/?page_id=1908|title=Official bearers Athletics Federation of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sumariwalla represented India at the 1980 summer olympics as a hundred-meter sprinter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/su/adille-sumariwalla-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011323/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/su/adille-sumariwalla-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-04-18|title=Adille Sumariwalla}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has been the Chef-de-Mission for the Indian contingent, for the [[2014 Asian Games]] held in Incheon, South Korea.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/athletics-federation-of-india-president-adille-sumariwala-to-be-chefdemission-for-asian-games-2014-at-incheon/article6328879.ece| title = AFI president Sumariwala to be Chef-de-Mission for Asian Games - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 18 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sumariwalla is of the opinion that there has been great increase in infrastructure for sports by the government in recent years, and has quoted that &quot;The day is not far when India can expect an Olympics Medal in Athletics&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/athletics/afi-president-adille-sumariwalla-the-day-is-not-far-when-india-can-expect-an-olympic-medal-in-athletics|title=AFI President Adille Sumariwalla : The day is not far when India can expect olympic medal in Athletics|date=30 August 2012 |access-date=30 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has also been quoted as saying &quot;If athletes do not perform well in the Olympics, we will take action against them.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Athletics Federation of India to take action against under-performers at Tokyo Olympics|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/olympics/2021/jul/23/athletics-federation-of-indiato-take-action-against-under-performers-at-tokyo-olympics-2334357.html|access-date=2021-07-30|website=The New Indian Express|date=23 July 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; His dream finally came through when [[Neeraj Chopra]] won a Gold Medal at Tokyo Olympics, under his Presidency.<br /> <br /> == Sports Administration Experience ==<br /> Sumariwalla has been a council member for IAFF since 2015 where he served as the Chair of the Strategic Communications Advisory Group and the Age Manipulation Committee alongside being a member of the Development Committee.<br /> He was President of the Athletics Federation and Vice President of the National Olympic Committee. <br /> He furthered his sports administration experience by functioning as a member of the [[Olympic Council of Asia]] under the Sports and Environment Committee. At the Asian Athletics Championships (2013 &amp; 2017) he contributed as the Chairman of the Organising Committee.<br /> He was chosen as a Member of the Organising Committee for WA Permit Meetings, Commonwealth Games (2010), Commonwealth Youth Games (2008), Indian National Games (1994 &amp; 2020). Adding to his accomplishments in the field of sports administration, he conformed as the Chef-de-Mission for the 2014 Asian Games. <br /> He was also appointed as a Member of the 'Mission Olympic Cell' by the [[Government of India]] in preparation for the 2020 &amp; 2024 Olympic Games.<br /> He even functioned as a member of the Core Team for the Fit India Movement and the Governing Council for the Khelo India Scheme.<br /> <br /> == Professional Experience ==<br /> Sumariwalla founded and acted as the Managing Director at a media house, Interspace Communications Pvt. Ltd. He also served as a Board Director at SE TransStadia Holdings Ltd., Next Radio Ltd., Next MediaWorks Ltd, Professional Sports Services (1) Pvt. Ltd., Syngience Broadcast Ahmedabad Ltd. President, Provost, TransStadia Education and Research Foundation (TERF).<br /> He operated as the Former CEO of Clear Channel (India), Asian Age Newspaper and the Founder Director of the Indian Outdoor Advertising Association. He was a part of the Governing Council, Sports, PE, Fitness and Leisure of the Skills Council of India.<br /> Alongside these experiences, he also acted as a Member of the Sports Committee for the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce as well as the Industry and National Committee on Sports of the [[Confederation of Indian Industry]].<br /> <br /> == Entrepreneurship ==<br /> Apart from athletics, Sumariwalla has been a part of many Media businesses, corporations and education. He started his professional career with Tata Engineering and Locomotive co. (now [[Tata Motors]]). He worked there for 15 years in various domains, after which he was appointed as the founding CEO of [[The Asian Age]] in 1994. He has since worked with many other organisations, notably Mid Day Multimedia and Clear Channel. He was responsible for setting up the Outdoor Division at Mid Day in 1997, which then merged its tasks with Clear Channel International. After serving eight years as the Chairman and Managing Director, he left Clear Channel and founded Interspace Communications where he is the Managing Director He has also been a Director on the Board of Next Media Works and SE TransStadia Ltd.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/338789,adille-sumariwalla-bids-adieu-to-clear-channel.aspx|title=Adille Sumariwalla bids adieu to Clear Channel}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nextmediaworks.com/tarique-ansari.php |title=Next MediaWorks Limited |access-date=30 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208152812/http://www.nextmediaworks.com/tarique-ansari.php |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-07-25/news/40795558_1_noel-tata-tata-international-cyrus-mistry| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729053321/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-07-25/news/40795558_1_noel-tata-tata-international-cyrus-mistry| url-status = dead| archive-date = 29 July 2013| title = Business News Live, Share Market News - Read Latest Finance News, IPO, Mutual Funds News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url = http://www.business-standard.com/company/next-media-21357/info| title = About {{!}} Next Mediaworks Ltd (NEXTMEDIA) Company| newspaper = Business Standard India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Integrity and Ethics ==<br /> Sumariwalla was Chair of the World Athletics for the Age Manipulation Committee and a member of the World Athletics Risk Committee for the Human Rights Working Group.<br /> He also functioned as Chair for Next MediaWorks Limited (A Public Listed Company) for the Audit &amp; Remuneration Committees.<br /> He was a Member of the Olympic Council of Asia under the Sports and Environment Committee. He operated as President of the First National Federation in India to introduce and enforce the 'No Needle Policy.<br /> <br /> == Communications and Media ==<br /> Adille Sumariwalla was Chair of the World Athletics Strategic Communications Advisory Group and Former CEO of the Multinational Newspaper.<br /> He served as the Executive Director of a large Media Group with interests related to Print, Internet, TV, Radio, Movies and Outdoor Advertising<br /> Meanwhile, he established and formed his own Media Company (founded in 2013) and has successfully run National and his International Media, Communication and Advertising businesses for over 25 years.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Olympedia|71449}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-civ}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=Anil Khanna}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=Acting [[Indian Olympic Association#IOA Presidents|President of Indian Olympic Association]]|years=2022}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[P. T. Usha]]}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sumariwalla, Adille}}<br /> [[Category:1958 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian men sprinters]]<br /> [[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]<br /> [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br /> [[Category:Indian sports executives and administrators]]<br /> [[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tongbram_Robindro_Singh&diff=541667 2026-04-16T08:35:59Z

<p>Surojits999: Starting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Tongbram Robindro Singh<br /> | office = Member of [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Thanga]]<br /> | predecessor = Tongbram Mangibabu Singh<br /> | term_start = 15 March 2017<br /> | other_party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (till 2022)<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | 1blankname = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata = [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]]<br /> [[Yumnam Khemchand Singh]]<br /> | governor = [[Najma Heptulla]]<br /> <br /> [[Ganga Prasad]]<br /> <br /> [[La. Ganesan]]<br /> <br /> [[Anusuiya Uikey]]<br /> <br /> [[Lakshman Acharya]]<br /> <br /> [[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]<br /> | birth_date = 2 October 1972 (aged 53)<br /> | birth_place = Keirenphabi Mamang Leikei, Bishnupur District, Manipur<br /> | spouse = Priyadarshini Laishram<br /> }}<br /> '''Tongbram Robindro Singh''' (born 1973)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; is an Indian politician from [[Manipur]]. He is an MLA from [[Thanga Assembly constituency]] in [[Bishnupur district]]. He won the [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thanga Manipur Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Tongbram Robindro Singh of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/thanga-manipur-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-4856135.html |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Singh is from Keirenphabi Mamang Leikei in [[Moirang]] tehsil, Bishnupur district, Manipur. He is the son of Tongbram Tompok Singh and married Priyadarshini Laishram, who serves as the Superintendent of Police for Immigration in the Manipur Police Service. They have two sons, Vishwashanth Tongbram and Puruashanth.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/28/Tongbram%20Robindro%20Singh.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208063404/https://www.ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/28/Tongbram%20Robindro%20Singh.pdf | archive-date=2023-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; He completed his Class 12 (science) in 1989 through CBSE stream at [[Delhi Public School, Mathura Road|Delhi Public School]], Mathura Road, [[New Delhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tongbram Robindro Singh (Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)):Constituency- Thanga (Bishnupur) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=4 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Singh won from Thanga Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election. He polled 13,095 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Birla Haobijam of the [[Indian National Congress]], by 5,251 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Thanga, Manipur Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: BJP's Tongbram Robindro Singh wins Thanga with 12531 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/thanga-manipur-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923460-2022-03-09 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Thanga Election Result 2022 LIVE: BJP's Tongbram Robindro Singh leads, Birla Haobijam of Congress trails - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/thanga-election-result-2022-live-how-to-check-thanga-legislative-assembly-election-vidhan-sabha-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-12733812.htm |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Thanga (Manipur) Assembly Election Results 2022 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/thanga-manipur-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7809921/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He became an MLA for the first time in the [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[All India Trinamool Congress]]. Later in January 2022, the lone Trinamool member in the Manipur Assembly joined the BJP before the elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=2022-01-21 |title=Lone TMC MLA Tongbram Robindro Singh in poll-bound Manipur joins BJP |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/lone-trinamool-congress-mla-tongbram-robindro-singh-in-poll-bound-manipur-joins-bharatiya-janata-party-latest-manipur-election-2022-news-updates-2022-01-21-755532 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election, he had contested on a Trinamool ticket but lost to the Indian National Congress candidate Tongbram Mangibabu Singh by 171 votes.<br /> <br /> == References       ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Tongbram Robindro}}<br /> [[Category:1973 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]<br /> [[Category:Manipur MLAs 2017–2022]]<br /> [[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]<br /> [[Category:People from Bishnupur district]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beri_Assembly_constituency&diff=490524 2026-04-15T23:38:57Z

<p>Surojits999: made a data...</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Beri<br /> |type= SLA <br /> | state = [[Haryana]]<br /> | map_image = Beri Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> |region = <br /> |division = <br /> |constituency_no = 67 <br /> |established = &lt;!-- year of establishment --&gt;<br /> |abolished = &lt;!-- year abolished --&gt;<br /> | district = [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | mla = [[Raghuvir Singh Kadian]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |alliance = &lt;!--Name of the current MLA's party alliance. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> | latest_election_year = &lt;!--Year of the last election. Leave blank for former constituencies--&gt;<br /> | electors = 1,85,556<br /> }}<br /> '''Beri''' is one of the 90 constituencies of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] of [[Haryana]] state in India.&lt;ref name=eci1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]] district.<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Election<br /> !Name<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |- <br /> | [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Partap Singh Doulta || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || Ran Singh Ahlawat <br /> |- <br /> | [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Partap Singh Doulta || {{party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Ran Singh Ahlawat || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | 1980^ || A. Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=y}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Om Parkash Kadyan || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || [[Raghuvir Singh Kadian]]<br /> |- <br /> | [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Om Parkash Kadyan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Virender Pal Ahlawat || {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || rowspan=6 | [[Raghuvir Singh Kadian]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]] <br /> |- <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2024===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghuvir Singh Kadian]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=60,630 |percentage=50.96 |change={{increase}}11.56 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,160 |percentage=21.15 |change={{decrease}}7.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amit Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=24,626 |percentage=20.70 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Permod |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=2,171 |percentage=1.82 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Inderjeet Suhag |party=Independent politician |votes=2,162 |percentage=1.82 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonu |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,682 |percentage=1.41 |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gowardhan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,127 |percentage=0.95 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=289 |percentage=0.24 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=35,470 |percentage=29.82 |change= {{increase}}18.73 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,18,966 |percentage=64.91 |change= {{decrease}}1.98 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,85,556 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.97 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}11.56 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri&lt;ref name=results2019&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghuvir Singh Kadian|Dr. Raghuvir Singh Kadian]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=46,022 |percentage=39.40 |change={{increase}}7.80 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikram Kadian |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=33,070 |percentage=28.31 |change={{increase}}8.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Upender Kadian |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=14,969 |percentage=12.82 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Dalal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=8,764 |percentage=7.50 |change={{increase}}6.38 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Kumar Rangeela |party=Independent politician |votes=6,059 |percentage=5.19 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajay Ahlawat Advocate |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,564 |percentage=2.20 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashvini Dulhera |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,924 |percentage=1.65 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rahul |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=1,219 |percentage=1.04 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Pahlawan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,040 |percentage=0.89 |change={{decrease}}13.19 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,952 |percentage=11.09 |change= {{increase}}7.23 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,796 |percentage=66.90 |change= {{decrease}}6.67 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,74,588 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.35 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.80 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghuvir Singh Kadian|Dr. Raghuvir Singh Kadian]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,793 |percentage=31.61 |change={{decrease}}7.85 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chatar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=32,300 |percentage=27.75 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikram Kadian |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,609 |percentage=20.28 |change={{increase}}19.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Santosh Dighal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=16,394 |percentage=14.08 |change={{decrease}}2.16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Kumar @ Ballu Pehlwan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,683 |percentage=2.30 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Pal |party=Haryana Lokhit Party |votes=1,309 |percentage=1.12 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,304 |percentage=1.12 |change={{decrease}}0.74 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. T. Mouji Ram |party=Haryana Jan Chetna Party (V) |votes=1,271 |percentage=1.09 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,493 |percentage=3.86 |change= {{decrease}}1.55 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,402 |percentage=73.57 |change= {{increase}}4.58 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,58,218 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.11 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.85 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghuvir Singh Kadian|Dr. Raghuvir Singh Kadian]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,742 |percentage=39.46 |change={{decrease}}16.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chatar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=32,566 |percentage=34.05 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=15,538 |percentage=16.24 |change={{decrease}}19.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumit |party=Haryana Swantra Party |votes=4,549 |percentage=4.76 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Phul |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,784 |percentage=1.87 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukesh Dutt |party=Independent politician |votes=738 |percentage=0.77 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=603 |percentage=0.63 |change={{decrease}}3.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Kumar |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=570 |percentage=0.60 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,176 |percentage=5.41 |change= {{decrease}}14.68 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=95,650 |percentage=68.99 |change= {{decrease}}3.55 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,38,650 |ref = |change= {{increase}}30.60 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}16.55 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2005 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghuvir Singh Kadian|Dr. Raghuvir Singh Kadian]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,133 |percentage=56.01 |change={{increase}}6.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Pehlwan |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=27,665 |percentage=35.93 |change={{decrease}}4.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Santosh Gochhi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,943 |percentage=3.82 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwan Sharma |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,685 |percentage=2.19 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Samander Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=544 |percentage=0.71 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,468 |percentage=20.09 |change= {{increase}}10.54 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=77,007 |percentage=72.53 |change= {{increase}}2.22 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,06,166 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.90 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.14 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2000 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Raghuvir Singh Kadian|Dr. Raghuvir Singh Kadian]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,504 |percentage=49.87 |change={{increase}}25.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr.Virender Pal |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=27,896 |percentage=40.32 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=3,569 |percentage=5.16 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kultaj Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=1,595 |percentage=2.31 |change={{decrease}}21.33 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramniwas |party=Independent politician |votes=875 |percentage=1.26 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Bhagwan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=389 |percentage=0.56 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harish Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=360 |percentage=0.52 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,608 |percentage=9.55 |change= {{increase}}3.54 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=69,188 |percentage=70.33 |change= {{increase}}1.22 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,394 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.05 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Samata Party |swing= {{increase}}19.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1996 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Virender Pal |party=Samata Party |votes=20,522 |percentage=30.20 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghubir Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,435 |percentage=24.19 |change={{decrease}}18.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash Beri |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=16,061 |percentage=23.64 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender |party=Independent politician |votes=6,676 |percentage=9.82 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Prakash |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=2,734 |percentage=4.02 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Usha |party=Independent politician |votes=2,019 |percentage=2.97 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harishamsher Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=640 |percentage=0.94 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Singh |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=497 |percentage=0.73 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=421 |percentage=0.62 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,087 |percentage=6.01 |change= {{decrease}}3.48 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=67,950 |percentage=71.53 |change= {{increase}}8.47 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,340 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.94 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Samata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}12.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1991 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,077 |percentage=42.87 |change={{increase}}24.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Virender Pal |party=Janata Party |votes=19,521 |percentage=33.38 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghubir Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=12,032 |percentage=20.57 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=744 |percentage=1.27 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baljit |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=354 |percentage=0.61 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,556 |percentage=9.50 |change= {{decrease}}10.39 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=58,489 |percentage=62.59 |change= {{decrease}}1.11 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,473 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.42 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}2.80 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1987 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghubir Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=24,860 |percentage=45.67 |change={{decrease}}12.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=14,034 |percentage=25.78 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,158 |percentage=18.66 |change={{decrease}}13.52 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prahlad |party=Independent politician |votes=3,032 |percentage=5.57 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hans Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=783 |percentage=1.44 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sat Bir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=539 |percentage=0.99 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,826 |percentage=19.89 |change= {{decrease}}5.67 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=54,432 |percentage=64.27 |change= {{decrease}}1.91 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,169 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.66 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}12.07 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Lokdal |votes=27,536 |percentage=57.74 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,347 |percentage=32.18 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh Doulta |party=Independent politician |votes=2,348 |percentage=4.92 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,308 |percentage=2.74 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sat Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=454 |percentage=0.95 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ran Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=367 |percentage=0.77 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,189 |percentage=25.56 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=47,691 |percentage=64.50 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,933 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Lokdal |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly By-election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Haryana Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A.Singh |party= |votes=23,174 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B.Singh |party= |votes=20,917 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=359 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir |party=Independent politician |votes=265 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I.Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=243 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,257 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner= |loser=Janata Party |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ran Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=22,228 |percentage=53.30 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=18,244 |percentage=43.75 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barhma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,132 |percentage=2.71 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,984 |percentage=9.55 |change= {{increase}}0.66 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=41,704 |percentage=66.12 |change= {{increase}}5.25 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,787 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.06 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh Doulta |party=Independent politician |votes=20,782 |percentage=50.36 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nawa Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,112 |percentage=41.46 |change={{decrease}}26.11 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bera Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,950 |percentage=7.15 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwana |party=Independent politician |votes=426 |percentage=1.03 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,670 |percentage=8.89 |change= {{decrease}}39.44 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=41,270 |percentage=61.32 |change= {{decrease}}0.40 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,633 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.18 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}17.21 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1968 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ran Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,801 |percentage=67.57 |change={{increase}}15.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh Doulta |party=Independent politician |votes=7,060 |percentage=19.23 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghubir Singh |party=Swatantra Party |votes=4,133 |percentage=11.26 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Mohan |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=512 |percentage=1.39 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish |party=Independent politician |votes=198 |percentage=0.54 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,741 |percentage=48.34 |change= {{increase}}15.89 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=36,704 |percentage=61.62 |change= {{decrease}}13.11 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,640 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.83 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}15.07 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Beri}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh Doulta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,577 |percentage=52.50 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=8,624 |percentage=20.05 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=U. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=7,369 |percentage=17.14 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,248 |percentage=5.23 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,379 |percentage=3.21 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Bhan |party=Independent politician |votes=807 |percentage=1.88 |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,953 |percentage=32.45 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=43,004 |percentage=76.62 |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,403 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Jhajjar district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Haryana constituencies}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|28.7|76.58|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Jhajjar district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impur_Assembly_constituency&diff=503787 2026-04-15T23:32:36Z

<p>Surojits999: Added initial data basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | map_image = Impur Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> | name = Impur<br /> | state = [[Nagaland]]<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | district = [[Mokokchung district|Mokokchung]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]<br /> | established = 1964<br /> | constituency_no = 23<br /> | reservation = ST<br /> | mla = T. M. Mannen<br /> |party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:13737}}&lt;ref name=election2023&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2028|5}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Impur''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Mokokchung district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1964]] || P. Shilu Ao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1969]] || rowspan=2 | Koramoa Jamir || {{Full party name with color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | Kariba || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || rowspan=2 | T. Chuba || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || T. Yupangnenba <br /> |- <br /> | [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || T. Chuba <br /> |- <br /> | [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || rowspan=2 | Nungsangyapang <br /> |- <br /> | [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=2 | Dr. Imtiwapang Aier <br /> |- <br /> | [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[T. M. Mannen|T. N. Mannen]]|| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> === 2023 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur&lt;ref name=election2023&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |title=Result Sheet State Assembly Election 2022 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084814/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |archive-date= 26 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. M. Mannen]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=6,825 |percentage=54.23% |change=4.69%}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bendangkokba|party=Indian National Congress|votes=5,730|percentage=45.53%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=31|percentage=0.25%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,095 |percentage=8.70% |change=8.06% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=12,586|percentage=91.62%|change=-3.38%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,737 |change =34.97% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 4.05% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 2018 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur&lt;ref name=election2018&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Imtiwapang Aier |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,852 |percentage=50.18% |change=13.20% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[T. N. Mannen]]|party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|votes=4,790|percentage=49.54%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=27|percentage=0.28%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=62 |percentage=0.64% |change=-25.32% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=9,669|percentage=95.00%|change=-0.94%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,178 |change =0.39% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -12.76% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 2013 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur&lt;ref name=election2013&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Imtiwapang Aier |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,122 |percentage=62.94% |change=1.46% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[T. N. Mannen]]|party=Naga People's Front|votes=3,597|percentage=36.98%|change=35.01%}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,525 |percentage=25.96% |change=1.13% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=9,726|percentage=95.94%|change=3.33%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,138 |change =-44.35% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.46% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 2008 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur&lt;ref name=election2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nungsangyapang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,373 |percentage=61.49% |change=3.43% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[T. N. Mannen]]|party=Rashtriya Janata Dal|votes=6,184|percentage=36.66%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Akang|party=Naga People's Front|votes=333|percentage=1.97%|change=-39.97%}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,189 |percentage=24.83% |change=8.71% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=16,870|percentage=92.72%|change=-5.35%}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,217 |change =36.35% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.43% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 2003 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur&lt;ref name=election2003&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nungsangyapang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,597 |percentage=58.06% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Yubangnenba |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,488 |percentage=41.94% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,109 |percentage=16.12% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=13,085 |percentage=97.96% |change= -1.45% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,360 |change =17.23% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 23.96% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1998 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur&lt;ref name=election1998&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=T. Chuba |party=Indian National Congress }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,396 |change =23.15% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1993 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Yupangnenba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,133 |percentage=34.10% |change=-8.77% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Temjentemsu |party=Independent politician |votes=3,112 |percentage=33.87% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nungsangyapang |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,942 |percentage=32.02% |change=13.60% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=21 |percentage=0.23% |change=-3.95% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,187 |percentage=99.41% |change= 1.12% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,254 |change =-5.96% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -8.77% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1989 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Chuba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,135 |percentage=42.88% |change=4.90% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Yabang Aier |party=Independent politician |votes=3,732 |percentage=38.70% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Kariba Ao |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,777 |percentage=18.43% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=403 |percentage=4.18% |change=-3.05% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,644 |percentage=98.28% |change= -1.11% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,841 |change =3.39% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -2.33% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1987 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Chuba |party=Independent politician |votes=4,246 |percentage=45.20% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Lima Aier |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,567 |percentage=37.98% |change=-1.48% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Kariba Ao |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=1,385 |percentage=14.75% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Supongtsungba |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=195 |percentage=2.08% |change=-36.66% }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=679 |percentage=7.23% |change=6.51% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,393 |percentage=99.39% |change= 10.93% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,518 |change =-16.57% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 5.75% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1982 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kariba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,944 |percentage=39.45% |change=10.15% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Chuba |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=3,872 |percentage=38.73% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Koramoa Jamir |party=Independent politician |votes=2,181 |percentage=21.82% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=72 |percentage=0.72% |change=-1.43% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=9,997 |percentage=88.47% |change= -7.14% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,409 |change =113.37% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 3.03% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1977 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kariba |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,850 |percentage=36.42% |change=11.36% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Chuba |party=Independent politician |votes=1,741 |percentage=34.28% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yajen Aier |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,488 |percentage=29.30% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=109 |percentage=2.15% |change=-10.94% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=5,079 |percentage=95.61% |change= 17.20% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,347 |change =-46.87% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= -1.72% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1974 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Koramoa Jamir |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=2,962 |percentage=38.15% |change=-13.74% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karha |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,946 |percentage=25.06% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chuba |party=Independent politician |votes=1,656 |percentage=21.33% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shilukaba |party=Independent politician |votes=1,201 |percentage=15.47% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,016 |percentage=13.08% |change=9.32% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,765 |percentage=78.41% |change= -10.34% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,064 |change =107.46% }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= -13.74% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1969 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Koramoa Jamir |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=2,231 |percentage=51.88% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shilokaba |party=Independent politician |votes=2,069 |percentage=48.12% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=162 |percentage=3.77% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=4,300 |percentage=88.74% |change= 88.74% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,851 |change =61.75% }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> === 1964 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Impur}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=P. Shilu Ao |party=Independent politician |votes= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,999 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]<br /> * [[Mokokchung district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|26.39|94.54|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mokokchung district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]<br /> [[Category:1964 establishments in Nagaland]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agartala_Sadar_I_Assembly_constituency&diff=484806 2026-04-15T23:29:18Z

<p>Surojits999: made a entry...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Agartala Sadar I<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | state = [[Tripura]]<br /> | established = 1963<br /> | abolished = 1967<br /> | electors = 18,374<br /> | mla = B. B. Das<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | constituency_no =<br /> | latest_election_year = [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | district =<br /> | loksabha_cons =<br /> | reservation =<br /> }}<br /> '''Agartala Sadar I Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || B. B. Das || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> == Election results ==<br /> === 1967 Assembly election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Agartala Sadar I&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135955/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. B. Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,117 |percentage=60.38% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. K. Roy |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,468 |percentage=25.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. R. Chowdhury |party=Independent politician |votes=1,858 |percentage=13.82% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,649 |percentage=34.58% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=13,443 |percentage=76.68% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,374 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Tripura}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tripura]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1963]]<br /> [[Category:1963 establishments in Tripura]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Agartala]]<br /> {{Tripura-geo-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thalapathy_Thiruvizha&diff=540218 2026-04-14T15:35:54Z

<p>Surojits999: Starting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 concert by Anirudh Ravichander}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox concert<br /> | concert_name = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch <br /> | image = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]<br /> | type = ''[[Jana Nayagan]]'' audio launch<br /> | date = {{Start date|2025|12|27|df=yes}}<br /> | location = [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]<br /> | venue = [[Bukit Jalil National Stadium]]<br /> | tour = <br /> | album = ''[[Jana Nayagan]]''<br /> | number_of_shows = 1<br /> | duration = 6 hours<br /> | support_acts = {{flatlist|<br /> * [[Anuradha Sriram]]<br /> * [[S. P. Charan]]<br /> * [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]<br /> * [[Andrea Jeremiah]]<br /> * [[Shweta Mohan]]<br /> * [[Vijay Yesudas]]<br /> * [[Saindhavi]]<br /> * [[Haricharan]]<br /> * [[Harish Raghavendra]]<br /> * [[Yogi B]], Emcee Jasz and Dr. Burn<br /> }}<br /> | attendance = 100,000<br /> | producers = [[KVN Productions]]&lt;br /&gt;Malik Streams<br /> | gross = {{INRConvert|500|m|lk=r}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=கோடிக்கணக்கில் வசூல்.. ஜனநாயகன் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா கலெக்‌ஷன் இவ்வளவா? | url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-malaysia-ticket-price-total-collections-details-244590 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br /> | label1= TV<br /> | data1 = [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> }}<br /> | website = <br /> | last_concert = <br /> | this_concert = <br /> | next_concert = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Thalapathy Thiruvizha – ''Jana Nayagan'' Audio Launch''' ({{literally|&quot;Thalapathy Festival&quot;}}) was a grand audio launch event and concert by Indian composer and playback singer [[Anirudh Ravichander]]. It was staged to release and promote the soundtrack album, ''[[Jana Nayagan#Music|Jana Nayagan]]'' (2025), composed by Anirudh for the 2026 action thriller film of the [[Jana Nayagan|same name]], directed by [[H. Vinoth]] starring [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and [[Pooja Hegde]]. It was held on 27 December 2025 at the [[Bukit Jalil National Stadium]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=#SHOWBIZ: Thalapathy Vijay bids farewell to cinema at Bukit Jalil National Stadium {{pipe}} New Straits Times | url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/groove/2025/12/1345823/showbiz-thalapathy-vijay-bids-farewell-cinema-bukit-jalil-national }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Billed as a historic farewell to actor Vijay's acting career ahead of his full-time entry into politics, the 6-hour event featured live performances of over 40 songs from Vijay's filmography, performed by [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[S. P. Charan]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], [[Shweta Mohan]], [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], [[Saindhavi]], [[Haricharan]], [[Harish Raghavendra]] [[Yogi B]], Emcee Jasz and Dr. Burn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch: Vijay's fiery speech to Anirudh's grand performance—What to expect | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=12 December 2025 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/features/2025/Dec/27/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-vijays-fiery-speech-to-anirudhs-grand-performancewhat-to-expect }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The event recorded unprecedented public demand, ticket sales and attendances, dominating [[social media]] and [[news cycle]]s. The event was attended by a record-breaking crowd of over 100,000 people, including [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[H. Vinoth]], [[Pooja Hegde]], [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]], [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]], [[Nelson Dilipkumar]], and the film's cast and crew, along with other renowned personalities and celebrities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='I'm giving up cinema': Thalapathy Vijay announces retirement at Jana Nayagan audio launch | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/vijay-quits-cinema-politics-jana-nayagan-launch-a1ttwao0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch: Vijay Dances on Thalapathy Kacheri for the Final Time, Fans Emotional | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-vijay-dances-on-thalapathy-kacheri-for-the-final-time-fans-emotional-article-153358500 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It established a new record in the [[Malaysian Book of Records]] for the largest audience for a single event in Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Watch: Thalapathy Vijay folds hands, blows kiss to fans before leaving Malaysia | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-folds-hands-blows-kiss-to-fans-before-leaving-malaysia-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-2843036-2025-12-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> In early–August 2025, it was reported that ''Jana Nayagan'' will have an audio launch event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Is Jana Nayagan Thalapathy Vijay's Last Film? Audio Launch Venue Revealed | work=News18 | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tamil-cinema/is-jana-nayagan-thalapathy-vijays-last-film-audio-launch-venue-revealed-aa-9491110.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; In an interview in late–August 2025, actress [[Pooja Hegde]] confirmed about the upcoming audio launch for the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Exclusive {{pipe}} Vijay's 'Jana Nayagan': Pooja Hegde on Her Last Day of Shoot with Thalapathy | url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/vijay-jana-nayagan-pooja-hegde-on-her-last-day-of-shoot-with-thalapathy }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Pooja Hegde opens up on filming Jana Nayagan with Vijay: 'Honestly, I was just sad...' | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=12 August 2025 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Aug/12/pooja-hegde-opens-up-on-filming-jana-nayagan-with-vijay-honestly-i-was-just-sad }}&lt;/ref&gt; Initially considered for [[Dubai]], the venue was shifted to Malaysia after persuasion by Malik Streams Corporation CEO Datuk Abdul Malik Dasthigeer, which holds distribution rights in Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Actor Vijay to hold Jana Nayagan audio launch in Malaysia on Dec 27 | date=22 November 2025 | url=https://thesun.my/news/malaysia-news/actor-vijay-to-hold-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-malaysia-on-dec-27/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 November 2025 |title=Malaysia Set To Host Actor Vijay's 'Jana Nayagan' Audio Launch On Dec 27 |url=https://lifestyle.bernama.com/news-en.php?id=2493879 |access-date=22 November 2025 |website=[[Bernama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The audio launch for Vijay–starrer ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' was initially planned at [[Axiata Arena]] indoor stadium in Malaysia in 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;malaysiaal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ஜோன்ஸ் |date=12 August 2023 |title=மலேசியாவில் லியோ இசை வெளியீட்டு விழாவா? சோகத்தில் மதுரை மக்கள்! |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/actor-vijay-leo-movie-audio-launch-may-be-held-at-malaysia-134534 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812081159/https://tamil.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/actor-vijay-leo-movie-audio-launch-may-be-held-at-malaysia-134534 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=tamil.abplive.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=விஜயின் கடைசி குட்டி ஸ்டோரி மலேசியாவில்! {{pipe}} Jana Nayagan Audio Launch {{pipe}} Vijay | date=21 November 2025 | url=https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/cinema/tamil-cinema-news/vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-on-malaysia }}&lt;/ref&gt; But those plans were cancelled due to logistical issues, including venue unavailability and lack of permissions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Thalapathy Vijay's 'Leo' audio launch to happen on this date in Chennai? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijays-leo-audio-launch-to-happen-on-this-date-in-chennai-2435658-2023-09-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918081430/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijays-leo-audio-launch-to-happen-on-this-date-in-chennai-2435658-2023-09-14 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly, ''[[The Greatest of All Time]]'', starring Vijay also had early reports in May 2024 suggesting a potential audio launch in Malaysia or [[Singapore]], but it also didn't happened.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2024 |title=Thalapathy Vijay's GOAT Audio Launch To Happen In Malaysia Or Singapore: Reports |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/thalapathy-vijays-goat-audio-launch-to-happen-in-malaysia-or-singapore-reports-8890218.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=31 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731165914/https://www.news18.com/movies/thalapathy-vijays-goat-audio-launch-to-happen-in-malaysia-or-singapore-reports-8890218.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In June 2025, the makers of ''Jana Nayagan'' started planning about audio launch event in Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='ஜனநாயகன்' ஆடியோ லான்சுக்காக போடப்பட்ட மாஸ்டர் பிளான்.. வியக்க வைக்கும் தகவல் | url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/vijays-jana-nayagan-movie-audio-launch-arrangement-details/articleshow/125981510.cms }}&lt;/ref&gt; This is the first audio launch for a Vijay-starrer film in three years—since ''[[Varisu]]'' (2023)—and marks the actor's first ever audio launch event outside India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Vijay's Jana Nayagan set for grand audio launch on December 27 in Malaysia | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/regional/thalapathy-vijay-s-jana-nayagan-sets-grand-audio-launch-for-december-27-in-malaysia-article-13690730.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Vijay's Jana Nayagan audio launch set for December in Malaysia | date=21 November 2025 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-kuala-lumpur-december-27-2025-2824035-2025-11-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Announcement ==<br /> [[File:Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch poster on a bus.jpg|thumb|right|Public transport vehicles in [[Malaysia]] were wrapped with Thalapathy Thiruvizha posters as part of the marketing.]]<br /> On 21 November 2025, KVN Productions released a promo on social media platforms, showing the Malaysia cities and captioned it &quot;Selamat datang&quot;, revealing an announcement is coming at 5:30 PM.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=ஜன நாயகன் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா எங்கே? எப்போது? - படக்குழு வெளியிட்ட அதிகாரப்பூர்வ அறிவிப்பு | date=21 November 2025 | url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/janna-nayagan-audio-launch-official-update }}&lt;/ref&gt; KVN Productions announced that the audio launch event of the film ''Jana Nayagan'' will happen on 27 December 2025 at the [[Bukit Jalil National Stadium]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=M |first=Malaiarasu |date=21 November 2025 |title=&quot;3 ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு...&quot; - விஜய்யின் 'ஜனநாயகன்' பட ஆடியோ லாஞ்ச்... தேதி, இடத்தை அறிவித்த படக்குழு! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/actor-vijay-s-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-place-details-revealed-by-kvn-productions-nw-mma-ws-bl-1977059.html |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jananayagan Audio Launch: Vijay Film Event at Bukit Jalil | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/jananayagan-audio-launch-bukit-jalil-national-stadium-to-host-thalapathy-vijays-farewell-film-3806233 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The makers unveiled a beautifully crafted five minutes video montage that instantly struck an emotional chord with fans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 November 2025 |title=Vijay's 'Jana Nayagan' audio launch event to take place in Malaysia on December 27 |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-event-to-take-place-in-malaysia-on-december-27/ |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=[[Lokmat Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The montage journeys through some of Vijay's most iconic on-screen moments&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=கடைசியாக ஒருமுறை... ஜனநாயகன் படத்தின் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா எப்போது? அதிகாரப்பூர்வ தகவல் | url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema-actor-vijay-jana-nayagan-movie-audio-launch-update-in-tamil-10800205 }}&lt;/ref&gt; — from ''[[Kushi (2000 film)|Kushi]]'', ''[[Ghilli]]'', ''[[Sachein]]'', ''[[Pokkiri]]'', ''[[Vettaikaaran (2009 film)|Vettaikaran]]'', ''[[Thuppakki]]'', ''[[Theri (film)|Theri]]'', ''[[Mersal]]'', ''[[Bigil]]'', ''[[Master (2021 film)|Master]]'', ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 November 2025 |title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Set to Become a Historic Farewell for Thalapathy Vijay |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-set-to-become-a-historic-farewell-for-thalapathy-vijay-79459.html |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Vijay's farewell film Jana Nayagan audio launch date and venue announced | date=21 November 2025 | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/thalapathy-vijay-farewell-film-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-date-venue-announced-23604303 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The video also included mashup of Vijay's speeches from previous audio launches of actor's films and anticipation of the fans in Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch to take place on Dec 27 in Malaysia | website=[[DT Next]] | date=21 November 2025 | url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-to-take-place-on-dec-27-in-malaysia-853995 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan: Audio Launch of Thalapathy Vijay's Farewell Film to be Held in Malaysia | work=News18 | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tamil-cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-of-thalapathy-vijays-farewell-film-to-be-held-in-malaysia-ws-kl-9723734.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; The video had emotional song sung and composed by Anirudh with the lyrics written by [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='Jana Nayagan': Audio launch announcement video sparks emotional wave, Thalapathy Vijay fans moved to tears | work=The Times of India | date=22 November 2025 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-announcement-video-sparks-emotional-wave-thalapathy-vijay-fans-moved-to-tears/articleshow/125500031.cms }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Ticket sales ==<br /> Ticket sales for the Thalapathy Thiruvizha were handled by Ticket2U.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='ஜனநாயகன்' ஆடியோ வெளியீடு: விஜய்யின் குட்டி ஸ்டோரியோடு தளபதி திருவிழா கச்சேரி ஏற்பாடு..! | url=https://www.seithipunal.com/cinema/thalapathy-festival-concert-organized-with-vijays-short-story-at-jan }}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to massive public demand, tickets went on sale on 28 November 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch: Vijay's MEGA Event Faces Restriction from Malaysian Government? Here's What We Know | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-vijays-mega-event-faces-restriction-from-malaysian-government-heres-what-we-know-article-153340471 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='ஜனநாயகன்' இசை வெளியீட்டு விழாவில் எதிர்பாராத சம்பவம்.. படக்குழு போட்டுள்ள பிரம்மாண்ட திட்டம் | url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/interesting-details-about-vijay-starring-jana-nayagan-movie-audio-launch/articleshow/125505735.cms }}&lt;/ref&gt; Over 60,000 tickets were sold within few hours.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Vijay to attend Jana Nayagan's audio launch in Malaysia | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/regional/thalapathy-vijay-to-attend-jana-nayagan-s-audio-launch-in-malaysia-article-13724614.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; Levels 2 and 3 were sold out quickly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |date=26 December 2025 |title=Thalapathy Thiruvizha: Vijay's Jana Nayagan audio launch ticket details and Malaysia event info |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/regional/thalapathy-thiruvizha-vijay-s-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-ticket-details-and-malaysia-event-info-article-13744467.html |access-date=26 December 2025 |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; VIP tickets were sold for over {{INRConvert|100000}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=ஜனநாயகன் ஆடியோ வெளியீடு - எங்கு, எப்போது நடக்கிறது? எப்படி பார்க்கலாம்? முழு விவரம் | url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/thalapathy-vijay-starring-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-date-and-time-article-153351034 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |+ Seating categories &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay's 'Jana Nayagan' audio launch sold out in Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian police ban political speeches | website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] | url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/southern_cinema/vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-sold-out-in-kuala-lumpur-malaysian-police-ban-political-speeches-1503530047.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! Category !! Price (MYR)<br /> |-<br /> | MIP LUXE || RM 5115<br /> |-<br /> | MIP (L, R) || RM 2565<br /> |-<br /> | VIP (A,B,C,D) || RM 678<br /> |-<br /> | Level 1 (Block 101–134) || RM 319.98<br /> |-<br /> | Level 2 (Block 201–234) || RM 217.98<br /> |-<br /> | Level 3 (Block 301–334) || RM 116<br /> |}<br /> <br /> GT Holidays was the official travel partner of the event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Malayasia event: How to book tickets for Vijay's tribute concert? | date=27 November 2025 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-malaysia-ticket-booking-2826814-2025-11-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; For those outside India or in other countries, GT Holidays has introduced an exclusive package for the &quot;Thalapathy Thiruvizha&quot; priced at {{INRConvert|19999}} per person.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch date: When and where Vijay's Malaysia event is happening and how you can go | website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] | url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/southern_cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-date-when-and-where-vijays-malaysia-event-is-happening-and-how-you-can-go-1503530803.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; This package includes the audio launch entry ticket, two-way transfer to Bukit Jalil Stadium, three nights' accommodation in a 3-star hotel, breakfast for three days, Malaysian visa, a six-hour Kuala Lumpur city tour, a visit to [[Batu Caves]], a trip to Genting Highlands, and two-way cable car passes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Thiruvizha Ticket Price: How to Book VIP and Luxe Seats for Tamil Movie Jana Nayagan Audio Launch? | url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/news/thalapathy-thiruvizha-ticket-price-how-to-book-vip-and-luxe-seats-for-thalapathy-vijay-tamil-movie-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-10288637 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=D |first=Divya |date=28 November 2025 |title=Jana Nayagan: ಜನ ನಾಯಕನ್ ಆಡಿಯೋ ಲಾಂಚ್ ಇವೆಂಟ್ ಟಿಕೆಟ್ ದರ ಎಷ್ಟು? |url=https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-event-how-much-ticket-price-costs-dvp-ws-al-2240887.html |access-date=28 November 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> <br /> {{multiple image<br /> | perrow = 2/3<br /> | total_width = 350<br /> | image1 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch (1).jpg<br /> | image2 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch (2).jpg<br /> | image3 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch (3).jpg<br /> | image4 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Prabhu Deva.jpg<br /> | image5 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch (4).jpg<br /> | align =<br /> | direction =<br /> | caption1 =<br /> | footer = The production consists of light beams, [[confetti]] shooters, coordinated serial lights, smoke machines, [[pyrotechnics]] and fireworks. [[Prabhu Deva]] performing in stage (bottom centre).}}<br /> <br /> &quot;Thalapathy Thiruvizha&quot; was produced by [[KVN Productions]] and Malik Streams.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay's Jana Nayagan audio launch in Kuala Lumpur tomorrow | url=https://newstodaynet.com/2025/12/26/vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-kuala-lumpur-tomorrow/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; The concert staging is expansive, made of digital displays.&lt;ref name=&quot;India Today&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch: Vijay bids goodbye to fans as an actor one last time | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-live-updates-event-in-malaysia-2842527-2025-12-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It consists of three separate stages connected by a broad ramp: a main stage with a giant LED [[widescreen]]; a rectangular middle stage;and a square stage that along with the ramp forms a T-shape at the middle of the floor.&lt;ref name=&quot;India Today&quot;/&gt; The stages feature various visuals and effects throughout the show.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Updates: Vijay's last film event turns into an emotional affair | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/jana-nayagan-movie-audio-launch-live-updates-date-time-vijay-pooja-hegde-bobby-deol-10441034/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; Production elements involved [[pyrotechnics]], [[Laser lighting display|laser lights]], [[smoke machine]]s, fire cannons, indoor [[fireworks]], [[PixMob]] LED bracelets, and [[Projector|image projection]] technology, such as [[projection mapping]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch takes Malaysia by storm | website=[[DT Next]] | url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-takes-malaysia-by-storm }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;India Today&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The costume for [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] was dark blue [[blazer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Bhawana |date=27 December 2025 |title=Jana Nayagan audio launch: Thalapathy Vijay arrives in style in a big way in Malaysia |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/regional/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-thalapathy-vijay-arrives-in-style-in-a-big-way-in-malaysia-article-13745178.html |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; While the costume for [[Pooja Hegde]] was a pre-draped [[Banarasi sari|Benarasi brocade saree gown]] paired with an intricately [[Embroidery|embroidered corset]] featuring [[gota patti]], [[sequin]]s, and dori work, designed by [[Anita Dongre]] and styled by Tanya Ghavri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Akshata |date=30 December 2025 |title=Pooja Hegde Gives The Benarasi Brocade A Regal Twist; Says, 'Feeling Like A Princess' |url=https://www.news18.com/lifestyle/fashion/pooja-hegde-gives-the-benarasi-brocade-a-regal-twist-says-feeling-like-a-princess-ws-l-9799355.html |access-date=30 December 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jan Nayagan audio launch: Vijay arrives in style for Thalapathy Thiruvizha {{pipe}} See pic | url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/jan-nayagan-audio-launch-vijay-arrives-in-style-for-thalapathy-thiruvizha-see-pic-2025-12-27-1023491 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Before the event, Anirudh said &quot;I'm confident that the audio launch will be extravagant. It's an open stadium and I will be performing a tribute for him with the songs I've made for his films as a medley. Since it's his last audio launch, we'll try to make it a fulfilling experience fitting for his send off.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay, Anirudh, Nelson Dilipkumar, Atlee and others fly to Malaysia for Jana Nayagan audio launch | website=[[Cinema Express]] | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/26/vijay-anirudh-nelson-dilipkumar-and-others-fly-to-malaysia-for-jana-nayagan-audio-launch }}&lt;/ref&gt; He also revealed that the tribute will have songs from ''Kaththi'', ''Master'', ''Leo'', and ''Beast''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Anirudh teases tribute for Vijay at Jana Nayagan audio launch, shares update | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=10 December 2025 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/10/anirudh-teases-tribute-for-vijay-at-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-shares-update }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Concert synopsis ==<br /> <br /> === Thalapathy Thiruvizha ===<br /> [[File:Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Shweta Mohan and Vijay Yesudas.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Shweta Mohan]] and [[Vijay Yesudas]] performing at Thalapathy Thiruvizha.]]<br /> <br /> Two hosts, [[Rio Raj]] and [[Anjana Rangan]] welcomed attendees.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Update: All You Need to Know About Vijay's Event | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/south-cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-update-all-you-need-to-know-about-vijays-event }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch: Vijay off to Malaysia; Anirudh Ravichander, Prabhu Deva set to dazzle at the event. Watch videos | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-vijay-anirudh-ravichander-off-to-malaysia-videos-10439779/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; The concert begins with a sequence of tracks performed by various singers.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot;&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/thalapathy-thiruvizha-jana-nayagan-audio-launch/0-6-4z5887209/celebrating-thalapathy-vijays-movie-journey/0-1-6z5891261 |title=Watch Thalapathy Thiruvizha - Jana Nayagan Audio Launch TV Serial 11th January 2026 Full Episode 2 Online on ZEE5 |date=11 January 2026|publisher=[[Zee Tamil]] |via=[[ZEE5]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[S. P. Charan]] performs &quot;Meghamai Vanthu Pogiren&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Malaysia event: Vijay's concert ticket prices, seating unveiled | date=25 November 2025 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-malaysia-record-100000-attendees-2825682-2025-11-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by Ajay Krishna with &quot;Innisai Paadivarum&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot; /&gt; [[Vijay Yesudas]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=ಕಾಲ್ತುಳಿತ ದುರಂತದ ಬಳಿಕವೂ ಮತ್ತೆ ದಾಖಲೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಜನ ಸೇರಿಸಲು ಸಜ್ಜಾದ ದಳಪತಿ ವಿಜಯ್ | date=26 November 2025 | url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/thalapathy-vijay-starrer-jana-nayagan-movie-audio-launch-event-expecting-huge-crowd-1113988.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Anuradha Sriram]] perform &quot;Oru Pattam Poochi&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Trailer of Jana Nayagan, Thalapathy Vijay's final film, may release on December 31: Reports - BusinessToday | date=26 November 2025 | url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/story/trailer-of-jana-nayagan-thalapathy-vijays-final-film-may-release-on-december-31-reports-503781-2025-11-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[Harish Raghavendra]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=மலேசியாவில் 'தளபதி திருவிழா' Back to Back விஜய் பாடல்கள்..யாரெல்லாம் பாடகர்கள்? | date=26 November 2025 | url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-malaysia-list-of-singers-performing-vijay-hit-songs-in-thalapathy-thiruvizha-624505 }}&lt;/ref&gt; sings &quot;Melliname&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot; /&gt; [[Krish (singer)|Krish]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch date, venue, tickets, singers who will perform, Anirudh concert; Everything about Vijay's Thalapathy Thiruvizha | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-date-venue-tickets-singers-who-will-perform-anirudh-concert-everything-to-know-about-vijays-one-last-speech-as-actor-in-thalapathy-katcheri/3e1645b7c9675 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and Sanjana Kalmanje perform &quot;Molachu Moonu&quot;, and [[Haricharan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Vijay's Jana Nayagan Trailer to Release on December 31? Here's What We Know | date=26 November 2025 | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/thalapathy-vijays-jana-nayagan-trailer-to-release-on-december-31-heres-what-we-know-article-153206494 }}&lt;/ref&gt; with Pallavi sings &quot;Mottu Onru&quot;. S. P. Charan returns for &quot;Yenna Azhago&quot; and &quot;Oru Kaditham&quot;, with Harish Raghavendra performing &quot;Sakkarai Nilave&quot;. Haricharan continues with &quot;Ennai Thalatta Varuvala&quot; and joins Anuradha Sriram for &quot;Oru Ponnu Onnu&quot;. Krish and [[Andrea Jeremiah]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Malaysia launch: Andrea, Tippu to perform at Vijay's tribute concert | date=24 November 2025 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-live-performances-andrea-jeremiah-malaysia-2825020-2025-11-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt; perform &quot;Chinna Thamarai&quot;, [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay's 'Jana Nayagan' audio launch in Malaysia to feature star-studded live performances | url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-malaysia-to-feature-star-studded-live-performances/153197050 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Saindhavi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Saindhavi, Tippu, and Anuradha Sriram on board Vijay-H Vinoth's Jana Nayagan audio launch | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=23 November 2025 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Nov/23/saindhavi-tippu-and-anuradha-sriram-on-board-vijay-h-vinoths-jana-nayagan-audio-launch }}&lt;/ref&gt; sing &quot;Valayapatti Thavile&quot;, and [[Shweta Mohan]]&lt;ref&gt;https://varnam.my/112655/thalapathy-vijay-is-coming-to-kl-all-you-need-to-know-about-thalapathy-thiruvizha-jana-nayagan-audio-launch/&lt;/ref&gt; with Ajay Krishna perform &quot;Maacho&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The program includes an unplugged segment. Shweta Mohan and Haricharan perform &quot;Un Perai Sollum&quot;, S. P. Charan and Shweta Mohan perform &quot;Azhagooril&quot;, Anuradha Sriram and Vijay Yesudas perform &quot;Oru Naal Oru Kanavu&quot;, Harish Raghavendra performs &quot;Yen Pennendru&quot;, Saindhavi performs &quot;En Jeevana&quot;, and Vijay Yesudas sings &quot;Nee Yaaro&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Ajay Krishna and Shweta Mohan perform &quot;Kokkara Kokkarako&quot;, followed by &quot;Aal Thotta Boopathi&quot; and &quot;Arjunar Villu&quot; by Tippu and Ajay Krishna. Tippu and Saindhavi perform &quot;Yeau Durra&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot; /&gt; A group performance features Haricharan, Shweta Mohan, Sanjana Kalmanje, Ajay Krishna, Harish Raghavendra, Anuradha Sriram, and Vijay Yesudas on tracks including &quot;Thalaivaa Thalaivaa&quot; and &quot;Ella Pugazhum&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot; /&gt; Additional songs in this concert includes &quot;Aalaporaan Thamizhan&quot;, &quot;Naan Adicha&quot;, &quot;Puli Urumudhu&quot;, &quot;Thaen Thaen&quot;, &quot;Kuruvi Kuruvi&quot;, &quot;Google Google&quot; and &quot;Happy New Year&quot;. &quot;Thalapathy Thiruvizha&quot; concludes with &quot;Appadi Podu&quot; performance by Tippu and Anuradha Sriram.&lt;ref name=&quot;ZEE5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Jana Nayagan Audio Launch ===<br /> RJ Vijay and [[Ramya Subramanian]] hosts the Jana Nayagan Audio Launch event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch: Vijay arrives and waves at his fans in Malaysia as crowd chants TVK | url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-live-vijay-pooja-hegde-priyamani-reach-malaysia-11766812457386.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; The event begins with the grand entry of the cast and crew of the film ''Jana Nayagan''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=In Pics: Highlights from Thalapathy Vijay's final film Jana Nayagan audio launch | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/photo/in-pics-highlights-from-thalapathy-vijay-final-film-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-108885/8 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The poster designer of the film, [[Gopi Prasanna]] addresses the gathering first. Lyricist [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] then announces a new track titled &quot;Ravana Mavan Da&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=&quot;ராவண மவன் டா...&quot; ஜனநாயகன் மாஸ் பாடல் வரிகளை சொன்ன விவேக் {{pipe}} Jananayagan {{pipe}} Vivek | url=https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/cinema/tamil-cinema-news/lyricist-vivek-shared-jananayagan-next-song-ravanan-mavan-lyrics }}&lt;/ref&gt; This is followed by a lively performance of the song &quot;Kodambakkam Area&quot;, sung by veteran singer [[Shoba Chandrasekhar]] along with playback singer [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2025 |title=Jana Nayagan audio launch in Malaysia highlights: Thalapathy Vijay reveals why he's stepping away from cinema, gets surprise from mother Sobha |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-malaysia-highlights-thalapathy-vijay-reveals-why-hes-stepping-away-from-cinema-gets-surprise-from-mother-sobha-13963435.html |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mamitha Baiju]] then performs a dance number. Actors of the film [[Priyamani]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Sunil]] and Mamitha address the gathering.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=ஜனநாயகன் ஆடியோ லாஞ்ச் எந்த டிவி சேனலில் பார்க்கலாம்? எப்போ ஆரம்பமாகிறது? - முழு விவரம் இதோ | url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-timing-and-tv-streaming-date-revealed-d7g05v5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay at 'Jana Nayagan' audio launch: I gave up cinema to stand up for fans who offered me everything | work=The Hindu | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-speech-malaysia-tamil-superstar-fans-h-vinoth-remake-pooja-hegde/article70445928.ece/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; Producer Venkat K. Narayana speaks about the film and shares his insights.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch LIVE: ஜனநாயகன் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா லைவ் அப்டேட்ஸ்! மலேசியாவில் விஜய்க்கு தடபுடல் வரவேற்பு | url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/live-updates/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-live-updates-from-malaysia-vijay-pooja-hegde-arrives-anirudh-ravichander-performing-songs-630761 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | total_width = 350<br /> | align = right<br /> | image1 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Anirudh 2.jpg<br /> | image2 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Anirudh 1.jpg<br /> | footer = [[Anirudh Ravichander]] performing at ''[[Jana Nayagan]]'' Audio Launch.<br /> }}<br /> Music composer [[Anirudh Ravichander]] takes the stage next and delivers an electrifying live performance of some of the film's tracks as well as iconic Vijay hits, including &quot;[[Naa Ready]]&quot;, &quot;[[Vaathi Coming]]&quot;, &quot;Beast Mode&quot;, &quot;[[Selfie Pulla]]&quot;, &quot;Aathi&quot;, &quot;[[Arabic Kuthu]]&quot;, &quot;Oru Pere Varalaaru&quot;, &quot;[[Thalapathy Kacheri]]&quot;, &quot;Badass&quot; and &quot;Ravana Mavan Da&quot; for around 45 minutes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2025 |title=Decided to give up cinema to stand up for fans: Vijay at 'Jana Nayagan' audio launch |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/decided-to-give-up-cinema-to-stand-up-for-fans-thalapathy-vijay-says-at-malaysia-event/cid/2139942 |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=[[Telegraph India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film's heroine, [[Pooja Hegde]], then shares her experiences working with Vijay and expresses gratitude to the entire cast and crew.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='എനിക്ക് നിങ്ങളെപ്പോലെ ആകണം, ഇത്ര വലിയ സ്റ്റാർ‌ ആയിട്ടു പോലും എന്തൊരു വിനയമാണ്'; വിജയ്‌യെക്കുറിച്ച് പൂജ ഹെ ഗ്ഡെ | url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/movie-news/pooja-hegde-expresses-disappointment-at-jana-nayagan-being-vijays-last-film }}&lt;/ref&gt; Director [[H. Vinoth]] follows, speaking about the film. A spectacular dance performance is presented by choreographers [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Sandy (choreographer)|Sandy]], [[Shobi (choreographer)|Shobi - Lalitha]], [[Baba Bhaskar]], [[Kalyan (choreographer)|Kalyan]], [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]], Ashok Raja and Johny.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=அம்மாவுடன் விஜய், ஜெயிலர் 2-க்கு பிரேக் விட்ட நெல்சன்; மலேசியாவில் களமிறங்கிய ஸ்டார்கள்: களைகட்டும் தளபதி கச்சேரி! | url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema-thalapathy-kacheri-in-malaysia-atlee-prabhu-deva-atlee-10948249 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay gently shuts down TVK chants at Jana Nayagan Malaysia audio launch | website=[[Cinema Express]] | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/28/vijay-gently-shuts-down-tvk-chants-at-jana-nayagan-malaysia-audio-launch }}&lt;/ref&gt; Finally, [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] addresses the audience, praising the film's cast and crew, and shares his final &quot;Kutty Story&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 December 2025 |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |title=Jana Nayagan audio launch: Thalapathy Vijay about why he is stepping away from cinema, talks about Tamil population in Malaysia |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/regional/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-thalapathy-vijay-about-why-he-is-stepping-away-from-cinema-talks-about-tamil-population-in-malaysia-article-13745181.html |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The event concludes with a group photo session featuring the entire cast and crew.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='Jana Nayagan' audio launch: All About Thalapathy Vijay's 'One Last Time' speech | work=The Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-all-about-thalapathy-vijays-one-last-time-speech/articleshow/126212768.cms }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Audience ==<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | total_width = 350<br /> | align = right<br /> | image1 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Vijay.jpg<br /> | image2 = Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Pooja Hegde.jpg<br /> | footer = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and [[Pooja Hegde]] at ''[[Jana Nayagan]]'' Audio Launch.<br /> }}<br /> The venue hosted a record-breaking crowd, with over 100,000 attendees.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay skirts 'no politics' directive at Jana Nayagan audio launch in Malaysia, says he 'gave up cinema for the people' | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/vijay-skirts-no-politics-directive-at-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-malaysia-thalapathy-thiruvizha-tvk-101766908700358.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay says he is giving up cinema for fans at Jana Nayagan audio launch in Malaysia | url=https://thefederal.com/category/entertainment/vijay-quits-cinema-politics-malaysia-jana-nayagan-222858 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 December 2025, [[Chennai Airport]] was crowded with the fans heading to [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] for the audio launch event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vijay fans throng airports as Jana Nayagan audio launch draws global crowd | url=https://thefederal.com/category/states/south/tamil-nadu/vijay-fans-flood-chennai-kuala-lumpur-airports-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-222568 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=స్టార్‌ హీరో సినిమా వేడుక.. మలేషియాకు ఫ్యాన్స్‌ క్యూ {{pipe}} Massive Crowd at Chennai Airport Immigration for Vijay Jana Nayagan Audio Launch Event, Video Viral on Social Media {{pipe}} Sakshi | url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/chennai-airport-immigration-full-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-event-2661733 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan {{pipe}} మలేషియాలో 'జన నాయగన్' జాతర.. చెన్నై ఎయిర్‌పోర్ట్‌లో ఫ్యాన్స్‌ సందడి | url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/thalapathy-fever-grips-malaysia-fans-throng-chennai-airport-for-jana-nayagan-mega-event-2254404 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 27 December, fans began arriving several hours early, causing heavy traffic and road blockages throughout Malaysia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 December 2025 |title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch {{!}} Actor Vijay's 'Jana Nayagan' Audio Launch, Mega Celebration In Malaysia |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-actor-vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-mega-celebration-in-malaysia-1039862 |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=[[NDTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The event happened under a tight security of Malaysia. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch: 2026 நம்மதுதான்.. ஆர்ப்பரித்த ரசிகர் - விஜய் என்ன செய்தார் தெரியுமா? | url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-vijay-encourage-his-fan-tn-assembly-election-2026-244732 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Re-entry to the stadium was not permitted once the premises had been exited.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=ஜனநாயகன் ஆடியோ லாஞ்சுக்கு இத்தனை கட்டுப்பாடுகளா? விஜய்க்கு செக் வைத்த மலேசியா அரசு..! | url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/malaysia-govt-strict-rules-for-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-dxg17i2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Only children aged 5 and above were allowed entry, and each child had to possess an individual ticket; children below the age of 5 were not granted admission.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Vijay off to Malaysia for Jana Nayagan Audio Launch; All Event Details Inside | url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/entertainment/thalapathy-vijay-off-to-malaysia-for-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-thalapathy-thiruvizha-event-details-enn25122601160 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The following items were strictly prohibited inside the venue: outside food, alcohol, cameras (including drone cameras), and any political-related items. In particular, no items associated with Vijay's [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] (TVK) party—such as T-shirts, flags, badges, posters, umbrellas, or similar materials—were allowed. Additionally, any item that prominently displayed the TVK party flag colors of red and yellow was not permitted.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=ஜனநாயகன் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா! எந்தெந்தப் பொருள்களுக்குத் தடை? | url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Dec/26/prohibited-things-in-vijays-jana-nayagan-audio-launch }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch: No political speech at Vijay's event, security tightened | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-malaysia-no-political-speech-and-security-heightened-2841990-2025-12-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite the warnings, a fan who showed the TVK flag was arrested by Malaysian police.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch: ஜனநாயகன் இசை விழாவில் தவெக கொடி காட்டிய ரசிகர் கைது.. நடந்தது என்ன? | url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/fan-who-shows-tvk-flag-at-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-arrested-by-malaysian-police-video-goes-viral-article-153359379/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=விஜய் கண்முன்னே கைது செய்யப்பட்ட ரசிகர்... ஜனநாயகன் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழாவில் பரபரப்பு | url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/vijay-fan-arrested-during-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-malaysia-giskkp9 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Although the audience was strictly prohibited from live streaming or uploading videos to social media, numerous concert videos rapidly appeared online, bypassing the event's security measures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Fan frenzy greets Vijay at Jana Nayagan audio launch in Kuala Lumpur. Watch video | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-kuala-lumpur-2842689-2025-12-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Leaked clips from the event went viral on social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='Jana Nayagan' audio launch turns into a historic fan festival in Malaysia | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-turns-into-a-historic-fan-festival-in-malaysia-1034447 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Critical reception ==<br /> Shreyanka Mazumdar of ''[[News18]]'' wrote &quot;Singers like Tippu, Anuradha Sriram, and Saindhavi electrified the stage&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mazumdar |first=Shreyanka |date=28 December 2025 |title=Thalapathy Vijay Says He's Quitting Cinema For Fans Who 'Gave Up Everything' For Him |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tamil-cinema/thalapathy-vijay-says-hes-quitting-cinema-for-fans-who-gave-up-everything-for-him-ws-l-9796382.html |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' praised and noted that the event &quot;had fantastic live music performances from Anirudh&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=WATCH {{pipe}} 'My friend...': Crowd goes mad during Vijay's mention about Ajith at 'Jana Nayagan' audio launch | website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/12/28/watch-my-friend-crowd-goes-mad-during-vijay-s-mention-about-ajith-at-jana-nayagan-audio-launch.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Bhawana Tanmayi of ''[[Moneycontrol]]'' noted &quot;Jana Nayagan's audio debut is no longer just a way to attract people to see the movie. It's hard to say goodbye because Vijay the actor is poised to become Vijay the leader.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |date=28 December 2025 |title=Thalapathy Vijay gets emotional, fans call it an 'end of era' at the Jana Nayagan audio launch |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/regional/thalapathy-vijay-gets-emotional-fans-call-it-an-end-of-era-at-the-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-article-13745337.html |access-date=28 December 2025 |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote &quot;Although security measures and crowd-handling practices were in place, the venue was abuzz like a carnival, drowned in the spirit of frenzied celebration.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='Jana Nayagan' audio launch enters the Malaysia Book of Records; Vijay's mother, Shobha's, surprise performance turned fans emotional | work=The Times of India | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-enters-the-malaysia-book-of-records-vijays-mother-shobhas-surprise-performance-turned-fans-emotional/articleshow/126212997.cms }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Risha Ganguly of ''[[Times Now]]'' wrote &quot;The event features a nostalgic retrospective of Vijay's most iconic songs, alongside live performances of newly released tracks from Jana Nayagan. Music composer Anirudh Ravichander is leading the grand live orchestra, adding scale and emotion to the celebration.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch: Jawan Director Atlee Recalls Thalapathy Vijay's Kindness, Superstar Gets Emotional | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-jawan-atlee-recalls-thalapathy-vijay-kindness-gets-emotional-article-153358023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[DT Next]]'' wrote &quot;One of the most touching moments of the Jana Nayagan audio launch came when Vijay's mother took the stage to sing the Kodambakkam Area song from the film Sivakasi, a song closely associated with the actor's early years in cinema.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch takes Malaysia by storm | website=[[DT Next]] | url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-takes-malaysia-by-storm }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ''[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]'' noted &quot;The audio launch of Jana Nayagan is poised to be a heartfelt and spectacular event as Thalapathy Vijay prepares for what is anticipated to be his last film before fully committing to a political career.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan Audio Launch: Atlee, the director of Jawan, Reflects on Thalapathy Vijay's Generosity, Leading to an Emotional Moment for the Superstar | url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/south/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-atlee-tribute-thalapathy-vijay-article-153358210 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Mid-day]]'' wrote &quot;With emotions running high and the music ready to take over, the Jan Neta audio launch emerged as a powerful celebration of cinema, fandom, and the enduring phenomenon that is Thalapathy Vijay.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch: Vijay shares life advice at event for his final film | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-vijay-massive-crowd-malaysia-dances-thalapathy-kacheri-23609593 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[India Today]]'' noted &quot;The evening was regarded as historic, both for the film and Vijay's evolving career.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Thalapathy Vijay raises his fist in joy as fans say 2026 is ours. Viral video | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-raises-his-fist-in-joy-as-fans-say-2026-is-ours-at-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-in-malaysia-viral-video-2842725-2025-12-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' wrote &quot;The six-hour ceremony served as a cinematic wake for Vijay's three-decade career.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title='I'm giving up cinema': Thalapathy Vijay announces retirement at Jana Nayagan audio launch | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/vijay-quits-cinema-politics-jana-nayagan-launch-a1ttwao0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Telecast ==<br /> The event was not live streamed or telecasted.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=டைம் நோட் பண்ணுங்க.. ஜனநாயகன் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா நேரம் இதுதான்! | url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-malaysia-date-time-chief-guest-live-telecast-all-details-244569 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The streaming rights of the audio launch was acquired by [[ZEE5]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch today: When, where and how to watch online Vijay's event | url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-today-when-where-and-how-to-watch-online-vijay-s-event-11766806201177.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; The event telecasted on [[Zee Tamil]] and began streaming on ZEE5 on 4 January 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Jana Nayagan audio launch date, time and live telecast: All about Vijay's mega event | url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/jana-nayagan-audio-launch-date-time-live-telecast-vijay-2025-12-26-1023389 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Set list ==<br /> <br /> === Thalapathy Thiruvizha ===<br /> * &quot;Meghamai Vanthu Pogiren&quot;<br /> * &quot;Innisai Paadivarum&quot;<br /> * &quot;Oru Pattam Poochi&quot;<br /> * &quot;Melliname&quot; <br /> * &quot;Molachu Moonu&quot;<br /> * &quot;Mottu Onru&quot; <br /> * &quot;Yenna Azhago&quot;<br /> * &quot;Sakkarai Nilave&quot;<br /> * &quot;Oru Kaditham&quot;<br /> * &quot;Ennai Thalatta Varuvala&quot; <br /> * &quot;Oru Ponnu Onnu&quot;<br /> * &quot;Chinna Thamarai&quot;<br /> * &quot;Valayapatti Thavile&quot;<br /> * &quot;Maacho&quot;<br /> * &quot;Kokkara Kokkarako&quot;<br /> * &quot;Aal Thotta Boopathi&quot;<br /> * &quot;Arjunar Villu&quot;<br /> * &quot;Yeau Durra&quot;<br /> * &quot;Thalaivaa Thalaivaa&quot;<br /> * Ella Pugazhum&quot;<br /> * &quot;[[Aalaporaan Thamizhan]]&quot; <br /> * &quot;Naan adicha&quot;<br /> * &quot;Puli Urumudhu&quot; <br /> * &quot;Thaen Thaen&quot; <br /> * &quot;Kuruvi Kuruvi&quot; &quot; <br /> * &quot;[[Google Google]]&quot; <br /> * &quot;Happy New Year&quot; <br /> * &quot;Appadi Podu&quot;<br /> <br /> === Unplugged ===<br /> <br /> * &quot;Un Perai Sollum&quot;<br /> * &quot;Azhagooril&quot; <br /> * &quot;Oru Naal Oru Kanavu&quot;<br /> * &quot;Yen Pennendru&quot;<br /> * &quot;En Jeevana&quot;<br /> * &quot;Nee Yaaro&quot;<br /> <br /> === Jana Nayagan Audio Launch ===<br /> * &quot;[[Naa Ready]]&quot;<br /> * &quot;[[Vaathi Coming]]&quot;<br /> * &quot;Beast Mode&quot; <br /> * &quot;[[Selfie Pulla]]&quot; <br /> * &quot;Aathi&quot; <br /> * &quot;[[Arabic Kuthu]]&quot;<br /> * &quot;Oru Pere Varalaaru&quot;<br /> * &quot;[[Thalapathy Kacheri]]&quot;<br /> * &quot;Badass&quot; <br /> * &quot;Raavana Mavandaa&quot;<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot;<br /> |+List of awards and nominations<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ceremony<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;rowgroup&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2025<br /> |[[The Malaysia Book of Records]]<br /> | The largest audience for a single event in Malaysia <br /> | {{Won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shetty |first=Keerthana |date=27 December 2025 |title=Jana Nayagan: ಮಲೇಷ್ಯಾ ಬುಕ್ ಆಫ್ ರೆಕಾರ್ಡ್ಸ್‌ ಸೇರಿದ ಜನ ನಾಯಗನ್ ಆಡಿಯೋ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ! |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/vijay-jana-nayagan-audio-launch-sets-record-in-malaysia-kes-ws-l-2264065.html |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=மலேசியா புக் ஆஃப் ரெக்கார்ட்ஸ்: வரலாறு படைத்த ஜன நாயகன் இசை வெளியீட்டு விழா {{pipe}} Malaysia book of records History-making Jana Nayagan music launch | url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/malaysia-book-of-records-history-making-jana-nayagan-music-launch-803063 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://www.zee5.com/global/tv-shows/details/thalapathy-thiruvizha-jana-nayagan-audio-launch/0-6-4z5887209 Thalapathy Thiruvizha – Jana Nayagan Audio Launch] on [[ZEE5]]<br /> <br /> {{Anirudh Ravichander}}<br /> {{subject bar<br /> |auto=y<br /> |d=y<br /> |portal=music}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2025 concerts]]<br /> [[Category:Live performances]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumerpur_Jawai_Bandh_Railway_Station&diff=538184 2026-04-14T09:17:10Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Railway station in Rajasthan, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox station<br /> | name = Sumerpur Jawai Bandh Railway Station <br /> | type = [[Indian Railways]] station <br /> | style = Indian Railways<br /> | image = [[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|70px]]<br /> | caption = <br /> | address = [[Jawai Dam]], [[Pali district]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{coords|25.116031|73.148759|display=inline}}<br /> | map_type = India#India Rajasthan<br /> | elevation = {{convert|292|m|ft}}<br /> | line = [[Jaipur–Ahmedabad line]]<br /> | structure = Standard on ground<br /> | platform = 2<br /> | tracks = 2<br /> | entrances =<br /> | parking = Yes<br /> | bicycle = No<br /> | opened = <br /> | closed =<br /> | rebuilt =<br /> | electrified = Yes<br /> | accessible =<br /> | code = {{Indian railway code<br /> | code = SJWB<br /> | zone = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway Zone]]<br /> | division = {{rwd|Ajmer}}<br /> }}<br /> | owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]]<br /> | status = Functioning<br /> | former =<br /> | passengers =<br /> | pass_year =<br /> | pass_percent =<br /> | pass_system = <br /> | map_size = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sumerpur Jawai Bandh Railway Station ''' is located near [[Jawai Dam]] of [[Pali district]] in [[Rajasthan]]. It serves [[Jawai Dam]] area. It has two platforms. Its code is '''JWB'''. Express and Superfast trains halt here.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/jawai-bandh-jwb/301|title=Jawai Bandh Railway Station (JWB) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry |website=India Rail Info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.yatra.com/indian-railways/jawai-bandh-jwb-railway-station|title=Jawai Bandh Railway Station (JWB) : Time Table|website=Yatra}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=JWB| title=JWB:Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018, Division : Ajmer<br /> | website=Raildrishti}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/sumerpur/news/rajasthan-news-memorandum-sent-by-the-railway-minister-for-the-stop-of-express-trains-at-the-jai-dam-104504-4859534.html|title=जवाई बांध स्टेशन पर एक्सप्रेस ट्रेनों के ठहराव के लिए रेलमंत्री काे भेजा ज्ञापन|website=Bhaskar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1538654621236-PR%20041018-IV.pdf|title=बीकानेर-बान्द्रा टर्मिनस-बीकानेर साप्ताहिक एक्सप्रेस का जवाई बांध स्टेशन पर होगा ठहराव|website=North Western Railway}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Trains==<br /> <br /> * [[Suryanagri Express]]<br /> * [[Dadar–Ajmer Superfast Express]]<br /> * [[Ranakpur Express]]<br /> * [[Amrapur Aravali Express]]<br /> * [[Yoga Express]]<br /> * [[Okha–Jaipur Weekly Express]]<br /> * [[Jodhpur–Bangalore City Express (via Hubballi)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Railway stations in Rajasthan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Railway stations in Pali district]]<br /> [[Category:Ajmer railway division]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Rajasthan-railstation-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_Kung_Fu_3&diff=513384 2026-04-14T06:37:00Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Assamese action comedy film}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{More citations needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Unreliable sources|date=December 2024}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Local Kung Fu 3<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Kenny Basumatary]]<br /> | producer = [[Kenny Basumatary]]<br /> | screenplay = Kenny Basumatary<br /> | based_on = <br /> | starring = {{Plain list|<br /> *Kenny Basumatary<br /> *Utkal Hazowary<br /> *Bonny Deori<br /> *Tony Deori Basumatary<br /> *Bibhuti Bhushan Hazarika<br /> *Montu Deori<br /> *Amar Singh Deori<br /> }}<br /> | music = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|9|5}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Assamese<br /> | budget = {{INR| 75 lakhs }} [[Indian rupee|INR]]<br /> | gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|2.31 crore}} [[Indian rupee|INR]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sacnilk.com/movie/Local_Kung_Fu_3_2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Local Kung Fu 3''''' is an Indian [[Assamese language]] [[Kung fu film|Kung fu]] [[Martial arts film|martial arts]]-[[comedy film|comedy]] film. It is directed and produced by [[Kenny Basumatary]]. It is the third installment in [[Local Kung Fu (film series)]] and direct sequel to 2013 ''[[Local Kung Fu]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;a&quot;&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/third-sequel-to-assamese-martial-arts-comedy-local-kung-fu-released/articleshow/113105016.cms | title=Third sequel to Assamese martial arts-comedy 'Local Kung Fu' released | newspaper=The Times of India | date=6 September 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://nenow.in/entertainment/film-review-local-kung-fu-3-a-blend-of-action-humor-and-local-flavor.html#google_vignette | title=Film Review &amp;#124; &quot;Local Kung Fu 3&quot;: A Blend of Action, Humor, and Local Flavor | date=12 September 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The story picks up a few years after the events in [[Local Kung Fu]]. The troublesome trio of Dulu, Tansen, and Koku has continued and expanded their thuggery activities. However, one of their actions inadvertently led to destroying their childhood teacher's dream of giving education to underprivileged children. The story follows the trio as they try to mend their mistakes, facing new adversaries and meeting new friends in their endeavour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://thenewsmill.com/2024/09/local-kung-fu-3-review-a-proudly-local-vocally-committed-film-but-without-the-repeat-value-of-the-first/ | title=Local Kung Fu 3 Review: A proudly local, vocally committed film but without repeat value of the first | date=13 September 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Kenny Basumatary]] as Charlie<br /> * Utkal Hazowary as Dulu<br /> * Binny Nurwal as Tsetan<br /> * Bonny Deori as Bonzo<br /> * Rimpi Das<br /> * Bibhash Singha as Tansen<br /> * Manab Saikia as Koku<br /> * Amar Singha Deori as Charlie's Uncle<br /> * Tony Deori Basumatary as Montu<br /> * Bibhuti Bhushan Hazarika as Teacher<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> EastMojo give the film 2/5, praising the film action as &quot;well-designed, and executed with passion&quot;, but criticised its &quot;choppy writing and storytelling&quot;, &quot;poor writing, execution, and direction&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2024/09/05/local-kung-fu-3-proves-that-nostalgia-cant-save-a-film/ | title=Local Kung Fu 3 proves that nostalgia can't save a film | date=5 September 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Future==<br /> Kenny confirmed there might be Local Kung Fu 4, if they have a worthy and exciting story.&lt;ref name=&quot;a&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian martial arts films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s Assamese-language films]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nimishamba&diff=522060 2026-04-12T13:22:18Z

<p>Surojits999: added new details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Temple in Karnataka, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox religious building<br /> | name = Nimishamba Temple<br /> | image = Nimishamba temple.jpg<br /> | caption = Nimishamba Temple<br /> | location = Srirangapattana, Karnataka, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|12|25|7.63|N|76|42|38.42|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | deity = Nimishamba<br /> | tradition = <br /> | festival = [[Navratri]], [[Varalakshmi Vratam]]<br /> | established = <br /> | founder = <br /> | architecture_style = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''Nimishamba''' is the name of a [[temple]] on the banks of the [[Cauvery river]], located about 2&amp;nbsp;km from [[Srirangapattana]] on the road leading to ''Sangam'' ([[confluence]]) in the [[south India]]n state of [[Karnataka]].<br /> [[File:Nimishamba Bridge.jpg|thumb|Nimishamba Bridge]]<br /> [[File:Second temple at Nimishamba.jpg|thumb|Second Temple]]<br /> [[File:Nimishamba Temple 02.jpg|thumb|River Cauvery near Nimishamba Temple]]<br /> In Chennai, Nimishamba temple is behind Broadway bus stand and resembles Nimishamba at Srirangapatna. It is considered very powerful and worries of devotees are removed in a minute as name suggests.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> [[File:Sri Nimishamba Temple.jpg|thumb|Front view]]<br /> <br /> Goddess Nimishamba is considered as the incarnation of Goddess Parvathi, the consort of Lord [[Shiva]]. This place Ganjam is considered as a holy place. Muktharaja of Somavamsha Aryakshatriya performed penance at Nimishamba Temple.<br /> <br /> ''Shrichakra'' is carved on a stone in front of Sri Nimishamba and pooja is performed. There is a belief that Goddess Nimishamba is going to remove all the problems and troubles of her devotees within a minute. That is why she is called ''Nimishamba''. ''Nimisha'' means a minute and Amba is the name of Parvathi. Somavamsha Aryakshatriya clan sumanaska s son Mutharasa or king Muktharaja was blessed with the boon that Sri Nimishamba will come to his aid in his fight against janumandala s minister subaahu and ghatodhara the demons in a minute. That is why there is a deity Lord Shiva by the name of mukteshwar. This temple was installed at the time of Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar about 300 to 400 years ago.<br /> <br /> The temple of Nimishamba lies at a distance of two kilometers from Srirangapatna bus stand in the eastern direction beyond Tippu's summer palace on the road leading to Sangam. The temple is at a higher elevation on the bank of the Cauvery and faces east. The river flows by at a lower level, and steps have been neatly cut on stone slabs to reach it. It is a small shrine with a seven-tiered Rajagopuram. Goddess Nimishamba's sannidhi is to the right as one enters the shrine. It is a fine piece of an icon. She is beautifully bedecked with jewelry and garlands of red roses. In front of the Goddess is placed the Sri Chakra to which puja is done with kumkum by the priest. The devotees stand in rapt attention till deeparadhana is offered to the deity.<br /> <br /> Adjoining the sannidhi of the Goddess is that of Siva, whose appellation is Aksheeswara. The icon is a small sized linga. The Nandi is proportionately small sized and is diagonally facing Siva. Only after offering `deeparadhana' to Siva, it is offered to the Goddess. Adjoining this sannidhi is that of Lakshminarayana. All the three sannidhis are in a row. There are no suka nasi and Navaranga. There is only a mukha mantapa.<br /> <br /> There is a big brass bell hanging from the ceiling, which is rung by the priest himself after placing the `bali bhojanam' on the bali peetam for the crows to eat. Once the bell is rung, the crows come down to the bali peetam in an orderly way to partake it! It is indeed unique to this temple. There is a ''[[prakaram]]''(closed precincts of a temple) for [[circumambulation]]. The Nimishamba temple has shot to fame recently for its instant granting of boons to those who pray here.<br /> <br /> It would be of interest to note that marriage proposals which have been dragging on for years, get clicked immediately after visiting this shrine. It is probable that the temple might have been built during the reign of Raja Wadiyar I (1610–38 A.D.) who ascended the Mysore throne at Srirangapatna. Regular puja has been done for the last 50 years. The temple falls under the HR&amp;CE of Karnataka State. One of the temples is also located at OTC Road Cottonpet (Near Majestic), Bangalore. Another temple is located near Raja Rajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore.<br /> <br /> ==Ceremonies==<br /> There is a festival on &quot;Nimishamba jayanthi&quot; by Sri Somavamsha Arya Kshtriyas, which is celebrated on Vaishaka Shuddha Dasami of every year, The festival is also celebrated as &quot;Vasavamba jayanthi&quot; by arya vsyas. On every full moon day there are special poojas. Every day from 6am to 8:30pm, one can have the &quot;darshan&quot; of goddess. There will be 'Homa' celebrations like Durga Homa, Chandika Homa during Navaratri and special poojas are done to the Goddess on [[Vijayadashami]] day. Special Pooja is offered on major festival days like Shivaratri, Ugadi, and Deepavali. The temple serves free meals to all the devotees on every full moon day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nimishambhatemple.kar.nic.in/jatra.html|title=Sri Nimishambha Temple, Ganjam, Srirangapatna {{!}} Jatra Details|website=nimishambhatemple.kar.nic.in|access-date=2018-07-03|archive-date=1 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701163916/http://nimishambhatemple.kar.nic.in/jatra.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There is river &quot;Cauvery&quot; with shallow waters adjoining the temple. This river attracts a lot of travellers to Mysore from Bangalore who stop by for a refreshing bath and lunch by the riverside.<br /> <br /> [[File:Karighatta Junction.jpg|thumb|Karighatta junction]]<br /> <br /> ==Transportation==<br /> There is a [[bus]] service from the [[Mysore]] [[city]] to here. [[Commuters]] can also take an [[Automobile|auto]] from [[Srirangapattana]].<br /> <br /> ==Other Nimishamba Temples==<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Sri nimishamba devi temple, Ganjam, near Sri ranga pattna Mysore.<br /> <br /> *Sri Nimishamba Temple, OTC Road Cottonpet (Akkipet, Near Majestic) Bangalore,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nimishamba.com/bang_akkipet.html |title=Official website, Akkipet |access-date=6 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was built by devotees and committee members of Shri Somavamsha Arya Kshatriya whose [[kuladevi]] is Shri Nimishamba Devi. The temple was built 2 decades ago in south Indian style, This temple has shrines of Nimishamba Devi, Lord Shiva, Vinayaka, Aiyyappa, Subramanya and Venkateshwara Padmavathi. Amavasya Homa is performed every month of [[Amavasya]].<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Sannidhi, Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nimishamba.com/bang_rajarajeshwari.html |title=Official website, Rajarajeshwari Nagar |access-date=6 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; This shrine is built in the traditional Parashurama Kshetra Architectural Style. This temple was built with the help of the devotees of Shri Nimishamba Devi. The Temple has shrines of Devi Nimishamba, Shiva, Siddhi Vinayaka, Saraswathi and Lakshmi Narayana. Chandika Homa is performed daily in a specially designed Yagna Shala. The temple has two meditation halls. The kitchen and dining hall have all the facilities required for Nitya Annadana.<br /> *There is the Arulmigu Shi Nimishimabal Temple located in Chennai at No:36, Kasi Chetty Street, Chennai -6000079, [[Tamil Nadu]], India: Landmark : Opposite Agarwal Bhavan. This temple is open between 8am and 11am and between 5.30 PM and 8PM. The Temple has shrines of Devi Nimishamba, [[Venkateswara]], Siddhi Vinayaka, Shiva, Muruga, Anjaneya and the Nava Grahas.<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at Shukravarapet Khammmam, Telangana State.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://srinimishambadevi.blogspot.in/ |title=Official website, Khammam |access-date=6 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at &quot; Opposite Shankar Mutt, Tank Mohalla, Shivamogga.&quot;<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at ''Keerthi Nagar Colony, Warangal, Telangana State. (Sanjay: 9866135004; Prabhakar: 9966871501)''<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi temple is located at ''Nirmal, Adilabad, Telangana State.''<br /> *Shri nimishamba Devi temple is located at ''Balkonda, Nizamabad, Telangana State.''<br /> *Shri nimishamba Devi temple is located at ''Boduppal, Pentareddy Colony, Hyderabad. Telangana State, Cell : 9247755136.''<br /> *Shri nimishamba Devi Temple is located at ''Chittari street, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh''<br /> *Shri nimishamba Devi Temple is located at ''Cheruvukatta, Ananthapuram, Andhra Pradesh''<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at ''Park road Nandyal.(Kurnool District) Andhra Pradesh.''<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at ''Bhagyanagar, Koppal Dist, Karnataka.''<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at ''KURADI road, NAGPUR.''<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at s.p.m.road, Shahapur, Belgaum.<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at Mandoli road, Guruprasad Colony, Belgaum<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at 4th main road, Jayanagar, Bangalore<br /> *Shri Nimishamba Devi Temple is located at Chitradurga Chellakere Main road(around 2&amp;nbsp;km from main road, located on right side of the road) Chitradurga.Karnataka State.Which was built by devotees and Trust members of Shri Somavamsha Arya Kshatriya whose [[kuladevi]] is Shri Nimishamba Devi. The temple was built on 18 May 2012 in South Indian style.<br /> <br /> In Chennai Nimishamba temple is behind Broadway bus stand.It resembles Nimishamba at Srirangapatna and as name suggests it is considered that worries of devotees are removed in a minute and it is very powerful and serene.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Karighatta temple]]<br /> * [[Srirangapatna]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Mandya district]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhoomigeetha&diff=491288 2026-04-12T05:59:37Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Bhoomigeetha <br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | director = Kesari Haravu a.k.a. Kesari Haravoo<br /> | producer = R Mahadeva Gowda, Geetha Mahadeva Gowda, H K Narakesari<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = Kesari Haravu a.k.a. Kesari Haravoo<br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = <br /> | music = [[Ilayaraja]]&lt;br&gt;[[K. Kalyan]] (lyrics)<br /> | cinematography = B.V. Surendranath Begur<br /> | editing = K Balu<br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1997|}}<br /> | runtime = 144 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Bhoomigeetha ''''' ({{translation|Song of the earth}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Kannada language]] film, starring [[Atul Kulkarni]] and [[Vinaya Prasad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Film on Tribes Gorukana |url= http://www.indiaglitz.com/film-on-tribes-gorukana-kannada-news-98670.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171229112148/https://www.indiaglitz.com/film-on-tribes-gorukana-kannada-news-98670.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 29 December 2017 |work= IndiaGlitz |date= 14 October 2013 |accessdate= 17 Feb 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> A tribal community faces cultural and ecological displacement when a dam is constructed in their native land.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Lokesh]] as Lingaiah <br /> * [[Vinaya Prasad]] as Sumathi <br /> * [[Atul Kulkarni]] as Forest officer <br /> * Manju Bhashini as Obi<br /> * Umesh as Jogi<br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> Soundtrack was composed by Ilayaraja.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mymazaa.com/kannada/audiosongs/movie/Bhoomi+Geethe.html|title=Bhoomi Geethe songs|website=MyMazaa|date=13 February 1988 |access-date=14 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Nodiravva - [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]]<br /> *Goro Gorokana - [[S. P. B. Charan]]<br /> *Goro Gorokana - [[P. Unnikrishnan]]<br /> *Are kamali - Sunitha, S. P. B. Charan<br /> *Bhoodyaviya - [[Ilayaraja]], [[Arunmozhi|Napoleon]], Sunitha<br /> *Aa Devarili - Ilayaraja<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> ;[[45th National Film Awards]]<br /> * [[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation|Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation]] — R. Mahadeva Gowda, Geetha Mahadeva Gowda, H. K. Narakesari<br /> <br /> ; 1997–98 [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]<br /> * Special Film of Social Concern — R. Mahadeva Gowda, Geetha Mahadeva Gowda, H. K. Narakesari<br /> <br /> ;1997 [[Screen Awards]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=WHEN THE STARS DESCENDED ON CHENNAI... |url=http://expressindia.com/screen/apr17/south1.htm |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=15 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980513013706/http://expressindia.com/screen/apr17/south1.htm |archive-date=13 May 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Best Film — R. Mahadeva Gowda, Geetha Mahadeva Gowda, H. K. Narakesari<br /> * Best Director (Kannada) — Kesari Haravu<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|id=tt4925504|title=Bhoomi Geetha}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1997 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1997 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1997 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> [[Category:Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation National Film Award winners]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parimal_Debbarma&diff=524481 2026-04-11T12:57:06Z

<p>Surojits999: added new stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Tripuri Politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Parimal Debbarma<br /> | image =<br /> | office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = 2018<br /> | term_end = 2023<br /> | office1 = <br /> | term_start1 = <br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | predecessor = [[Lalit Kumar Debbarma]]<br /> | successor1 = <br /> | constituency1 = [[Ambassa Assembly constituency|Ambassa]]<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Tripura]], India<br /> | parents = <br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | other_party = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | successor = [[Chitta Ranjan Debbarma]] <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Parimal Debbarma''' is a [[Tripuri people|Tipra]] [[India]]n politician from [[Tripura]].He is a leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] of Ambassa committee. Since 2018, he has been the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from Ambassa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tripura.gov.in/mla-profile|title=Member of Legislative Assembly|website=Tripura State Portal, Official Portal of Govt of Tripura}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/ambassa-tripura-assembly-constituency |title=List of all MLA from Ambasssa Assembly Constituency Seat Tripura|website=Result University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-constituencies-list-2018/ambassa-elections-2018-results/|title=Ambassa Election Results 2018 / Candidates|website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/tripura/ambassa-election-result/|title=AMBASSA (ST)|website=News 18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Debbarma, Parimal}}<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tripura]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Tripura MLAs 2018–2023]]<br /> <br /> {{Tripura-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udai_Pratap_Autonomous_College&diff=542273 2026-04-08T09:45:26Z

<p>Surojits999: Details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|College in Varanasi, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> '''Udai Pratap Autonomous College''' (''UP College'') is a college in [[Varanasi]], India. It was established in 1909.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaiswal 29 November 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Jaiswal |first1=Roshan |title=UP Waqf Board claims ownership of 115-year-old Varanasi college, stokes row |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/varanasi-udai-pratap-college-mosque-land-waqf-property-uttar-pradesh-2642061-2024-11-29 |website=India Today |language=en |date=29 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its campus is about 100 acres, and it has about 17,000 students.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaiswal 29 November 2024&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004, the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] evaluated UP College as A grade.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI May 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Times News Network |title=Varanasi’s Udai Pratap College graded ‘A’ by NAAC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/varanasis-udai-pratap-college-graded-a-by-naac/articleshow/110023738.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Land dispute==<br /> A November 2024 land survey of the nearby city [[Sambhal]] was a rallying point for protests and violence related to the identification of the site of a mosque.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahu 5 December 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sahu |first1=Manish |title=Tensions in Varanasi college over Friday prayers at campus mosque; students chant Hanuman Chalisa in protest, 7 briefly detained |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/varanasi-college-friday-prayers-mosque-hanuman-chalisa-9707902/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=5 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; That event renewed previous protests against UP College, as a centuries-old mosque is in the college campus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahu 5 December 2024&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Uttar Pradesh Central Sunni [[Waqf]] Board made a public statement to the college in 2018 that the entire college campus is on waqf property.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaiswal 29 November 2024&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{official website|https://www.upcollege.ac.in/}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Education in Varanasi]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Varanasi]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1909]]<br /> [[Category:1909 establishments in India]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parosi&diff=524552 2026-04-06T01:21:59Z

<p>Surojits999: added new details - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Pakistani TV serial}}<br /> {{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Parosi.jpeg <br /> | caption = Title screen<br /> | runtime = 56–60 min<br /> | creator = [[Haseena Moin]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | channel = [[Network Television Marketing|NTM]]<br /> | starring = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Khalida Riyasat]]<br /> *[[Marina Khan]]<br /> *[[Badar Khalil]]<br /> *[[Ali Ejaz]]<br /> *[[Saleem Sheikh]]<br /> *[[Jamal Shah]]<br /> *[[Shamim Hilaly]]<br /> }}<br /> | num_episodes = 13<br /> | director = Raana Sheikh<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|1990}}<br /> | country = Pakistan<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Parosi''''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nq|پڑوسی}}|lit=Neighbour}}) is a 1990 Pakistani drama serial that aired on [[Network Television Marketing|NTM]]. The drama was written by [[Haseena Moin]] and directed by Raana Sheikh. It was filmed in Islamabad and [[Murree]]. It starred [[Khalida Riyasat]], [[Marina Khan]], [[Badar Khalil]], [[Ali Ejaz]], [[Saleem Sheikh]] and [[Jamal Shah]]. This was the last drama serial of Khalida Riyasat, who died soon after working in the 1996 telefilm ''[[Ab Tum Ja Saktey Ho|Ab Tum Ja Sakte Ho]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1127903|title=The unforgettable Khalida Riyasat|website=[[Dawn News]]|date=26 August 2014|access-date=29 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/22-May-2017/pakistani-dramas-that-once-appealed-to-every-age-group-have-now-glued-themselves-to-feminist-issues-only|title=Pakistani dramas that once appealed to every group have now glued themselves to feminist issues only|website=[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]|date=22 May 2017|access-date=29 March 2021|first=Muhammad|last=Ali}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> {{More plot|date=May 2024}}<br /> ''Parosi'' tells the story of two sisters. Jahan Ara, who is a single parent as her husband left her for a wealthier woman, and Roshan Ara, who is much more mature and composed compared to her elder sister. They, along with Haryali Bua, come to live in a house they have rented from Shahnawaz, who is a very strict man living with his nephew Arsal. The comedy of errors starts as Jahan makes the life of her landlord miserable. Roshan Ara and Arsal fall in love.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Ali Ejaz]] as Shahnawaz Ali Khan, aka Agha Jani, the landlord and Arsal's uncle<br /> * [[Khalida Riyasat]] as Jahan Ara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/strong-female-leads-still-a-rare-sight/MTUxOA==|title=Strong Female Leads – Still a Rare Sight|newspaper=Youline Magazine|date=19 July 2019|access-date=29 March 2021|first=Hurmat|last=Majid}}&lt;/ref&gt; the middle sister; has a son, Ali, with ex-husband Malik Iqbal<br /> * [[Marina Khan]] as Roshan Ara aka Munni, youngest of three sisters; she makes documentary films&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/article/63824/from-haseena-moins-empowered-female-characters-of-the-80s-to-the-damsels-in-distress-of-today|title=From Haseena Moin's empowered female characters of the 80s to the damsels in distress of today|newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]]|author=Hira Hyder|date=28 February 2018|access-date=29 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Badar Khalil]] as Haryali Bua; maidservant in the sisters' household.<br /> * [[Saleem Sheikh]] as Arsal, nephew (sister's son) of Agha Jani.<br /> * [[Jamal Shah]] as Malik Iqbal, Jehan Ara's husband&lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://minutemirror.com.pk/even-during-parosi-khalida-riyasat-was-suffering-from-cancer-jamal-shah-talks-about-the-ntm-classic-14834/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209112455/https://minutemirror.com.pk/even-during-parosi-khalida-riyasat-was-suffering-from-cancer-jamal-shah-talks-about-the-ntm-classic-14834/ |title=“Even during ‘Parosi’, Khalida Riyasat was suffering from cancer,” Jamal Shah talks about NTM classic |author=Muhammad Ali |date=9 December 2021 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |work=Minute Mirror}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Shamim Hilaly]] as Mrs. Asif (Bari Aapa), elder sister of Roshan Ara and Jehan Ara <br /> * Begum Humyra K. Saiyid as Nani, maternal grandmother of the sisters<br /> * Latif Sheikh as Chaudhry Rehmat Ullah<br /> * Parveen Rasheed as Amma, mother of the sisters<br /> * Sikander as Ali, Jehan Ara and Malik Iqbal's son<br /> * Ali Ejaz as Sardar Meer, cook<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> The drama serial was shot in Murree and Islamabad and was well received by the audiences. It is considered to be one of [[Haseena Moin]]'s best works, and was praised for its portrayal of female friendship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://niche.com.pk/35-years-later-no-pakistani-drama-has-celebrated-female-friendships-like-haseena-moins-parosi-did/ |title=35 years later, no Pakistani drama has celebrated female friendships like Haseena Moin’s ‘Parosi’ did |date=16 May 2025 |archive-date=13 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113184557/https://niche.com.pk/35-years-later-no-pakistani-drama-has-celebrated-female-friendships-like-haseena-moins-parosi-did/ |work=niche.com.pk}}&lt;/ref&gt; It featured the great actresses [[Khalida Riyasat]] and [[Marina Khan]] and it was a treat for the viewers to watch both of them perform together. The drama serial has had several reruns on TV and its DVDs are still in demand.<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Parosi<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Ali Haider (singer)|Ali Haider]], [[Mehnaz]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released =<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Theme song]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=8|s=08}}<br /> | language = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]<br /> | label =<br /> | producer = [[Network Television Marketing|NTM]]<br /> | prev_title =<br /> | prev_year =<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> ''Parosi's'' soundtrack featured two songs. One was a ghazal called ''Abhi Kuch Din Lagen Ge'' sung by [[Mehnaz]] with poetry by Iftikhar Arif.&lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;/&gt; The second song was called ''Ga Raha Tha Koi'' sung by [[Ali Haider (singer)|Ali Haider]] with poetry by Nasir Kazmi.&lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;/&gt; Both were composed by Arshad Mahmood, and are frequently used during the show.<br /> <br /> {{Track listing <br /> | headline = Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = <br /> | title1 = Abhi Kuch Din Lagen Ge<br /> | extra1 = [[Mehnaz]]<br /> | length1 = 4:00<br /> | title2 = Ga Raha Tha Koi<br /> | extra2 = [[Ali Haider (singer)|Ali Haider]]<br /> | length2 = 4:08<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Network Television Marketing]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{PTV Programs}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Pakistani drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Urdu-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan Television Corporation original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Karachi]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Pakistan-film-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilanjana_Sengupta&diff=521999 2026-03-31T05:05:15Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{about|the actor|the writer and historian|Nilanjana Sengupta (author)}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Nilanjanaa Sengupta<br /> | image = &lt;!--Please don't replace this image with a fair use one. This image is free and free images are favored on Wikipedia. See &quot;Wikipedia:Image use policy&quot; for more information --&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|02|21}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India<br /> | yearsactive = 1998–present<br /> | occupation = Actor, writer, producer<br /> | spouse = {{married|[[Jisshu Sengupta]]|2004}}<br /> | children = 2<br /> | mother = [[Anjana Bhowmik]]<br /> | relatives = [[Chandana Sharma]] (sister)<br /> | othername = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nilanjanaa Sengupta''' (née '''Sharma''') is an actress.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.citwf.com/person384823.htm |title=NILANJANA SHARMA: Film Database - CITWF |publisher=www.citwf.com |accessdate=17 December 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; She played the role of Mona Joshi, in the show ''[[Hip Hip Hurray (TV series)|Hip Hip Hooray]]''. Her debut movie was director [[Subrata Sen]]'s ''[[Swapner Feriwala]]''. She is a graduate of English literature.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/mar05/tele3.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214144230/http://www.screenindia.com/old/mar05/tele3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 February 2008 |title=Nilanjana Sharma |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=17 December 2008 |last= |first=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20020531/tvcov1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030223110/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20020531/tvcov1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 October 2010 |title=Screen The Business Of Entertainment-Television-Cover Story |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=17 December 2008 |last= |first=}}&lt;/ref&gt; She produced the television serial ''[[Tomay Amay Mile]]''.<br /> <br /> She is the daughter of [[Anjana Bhowmik]]. Her younger sister [[Chandana Sharma]] is also an actress. She is married to Bengali actor [[Jisshu Sengupta]] and has two daughters named Sara Sengupta and Zara Sengupta.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}<br /> <br /> ==Television==<br /> <br /> ===&lt;u&gt;As actor /TELEVISION&lt;/u&gt;===<br /> *'''''[[Hip Hip Hurray (TV series)|Hip Hip Hurray]] .... Mona (Zee Tv)'''''<br /> *'''''Sansar (Zee Tv)'''''<br /> *'''''Saturday Suspense (Zee Tv)'''''<br /> *'''''Mrityudand (Zee Tv)'''''<br /> *'''''Darr (Star Plus)'''''<br /> *'''''Star Best Sellers (Star Plus)'''''<br /> *'''''[[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]] (Zee Tv)'''''<br /> *'''''[[Jaaneman Jaaneman]] ....'' Maya'''<br /> *'''[[Lekin Woh Sach Tha]]'''<br /> *'''''Aporajito (Star Jalsha)'''''<br /> *'''''Shudhu Tomari Jonnyo (ETV Bangla)'''''<br /> *'''''Ssshhh Koi Hai as Radhika Episode mask/mukhauta'''''<br /> '''&lt;u&gt;&lt;big&gt;As an ACTOR / FILMS&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/u&gt;'''<br /> <br /> # '''''Shopner Feriwala'''''<br /> # '''''Teen Ekke Teen'''''<br /> # '''''Amra'''''<br /> <br /> ===As producer===<br /> *'''Ghosh and Company (2008)'''<br /> *'''''Dancing Star (2009)'''''<br /> *'''''Aporajito (2011)'''''<br /> *'''''[[Tomay Amay Mile]] (2013)'''''<br /> *'''''Antakshari Premiere League (2013)'''''<br /> *'''''Shesh Theke Shuru (2014)'''''<br /> *'''''Shob Choritro Kalponik (2015)'''''<br /> *'''''Shonge Srijit (2015)'''''<br /> *'''''Bhalobasha Bhalobasha (2016)'''''<br /> *'''''Jhumur (2017)'''''<br /> *'''''[[Horogouri Pice Hotel]] (2022)'''''<br /> *'''''[[Love Biye Aaj Kal]](2023)'''''<br /> *'''''[[Anondi (TV series)|Anondi]] (2024)'''''<br /> *'''''[[Amader Dadamoni]] (2025)'''''<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> * ''[[Swapner Feriwala]]'' (2003)<br /> * ''[[Teen Ekke Teen]]'' (2006)<br /> * ''[[Aamra]]'' (2007)<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> <br /> * 2003: [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association - Most Promising Actress Award|BFJA-Most Promising Actress Award]] for [[Swapner Pheriwala]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/200467.htm |title=69th &amp; 70th Annual Hero Honda BFJA Awards 2007 |publisher=www.bfjaawards.com |accessdate=24 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108092124/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/200467.htm |archivedate=8 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|1387331}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Nilanjana}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:1975 births]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarbaria&diff=486373 2026-03-27T11:26:15Z

<p>Surojits999: made new info...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Anarbaria<br /> | official_name = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Census Town<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.8154|N|88.6302|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_footnotes = <br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{IND}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | leader_title1 = <br /> | leader_name1 = <br /> | leader_title2 = <br /> | leader_name2 = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 1.574<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 5,895<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 743263<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 03216<br /> | registration_plate = WB<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Habra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Habra]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Anarbaria''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Habra I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Barasat Sadar subdivision]] of the [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{OSM Location map<br /> | width=500| height=500| zoom=11<br /> | coord={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|36|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Barasat subdivision, North 24 Parganas'''&lt;br/&gt; M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical centre&lt;br/&gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br /> |mark-coord1= {{coord|22|44|26|N|88|31|20|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bamangachhi | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bamangachhi]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br /> |mark-coord2={{coord|22|48|55|N|88|37|48|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Anarbaria| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Anarbarai]] (CT)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;<br /> |mark-coord3={{coord|22|48|49|N|88|36|1|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bara Bamonia| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bara Bamonia]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord4={{coord|22|50|51|N|88|44|54|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Betpuli| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Betpuli]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord5={{coord|22|47|13|N|88|34|24|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bira| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bira, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord6={{coord|22|44|4|N|88|28|29|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Chak Barbaria| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chak Barbaria]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord7={{coord|22|45|48|N|88|32|8|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Chandrapur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Chandrapur, West Bengal]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord8={{coord|22|46|42|N|88|33|45|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Chatta Baria| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Chatta Baria]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord9={{coord|22|38|25|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Deara| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Deara]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord10={{coord|22|41|40|N|88|41|4|E}} | label-pos10=bottom|label10= Deulia| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Deulia]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord11={{coord|22|54|40|N|88|32|4|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Dhania| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Dhania, West Bengal]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord12={{coord|22|45|19|N|88|31|29|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Digha| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Digha, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord13={{coord|22|46|32|N|88|33|10|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Duttapukur| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Duttapukur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord14={{coord|22|47|10|N|88|32|22|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Gangapur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Gangapur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord15={{coord|22|54|13|N|88|44|28|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Gobardanga| numbered15=M| mark-title15=[[Gobardanga]] (M)| shape-color15= #800000<br /> |mark-coord16={{coord|22|49|20|N|88|36|36|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Guma| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Guma, India]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord17={{coord|22|46|15|N|88|34|10|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Joypul| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Joypul]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord18={{coord|22|48|23|N|88|35|47|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Khorddabamonia| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Khorddabamonia]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord19={{coord|22|45|35|N|88|26|34|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Kokapur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Kokapur, West Bengal]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord20={{coord|22|42|22|N|88|32|28|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Koyra| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Koyra, West Bengal]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord21={{coord|22|45|5|N|88|31|2|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Kulberia| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Kulberia]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord22={{coord|22|51|20|N|88|44|40|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Maslandapur| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Maslandapur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord23={{coord|22|52|23|N|88|44|22|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Nokpul| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Nokpul]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord24={{coord|22|47|50|N|88|35|0|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Purbba Narayanpur| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Purbba Narayanpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord25={{coord|22|51|46|N|88|45|0|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Sadpur| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Sadpur]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord26={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|31|10|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Shibalaya| numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Shibalaya]] (CT)<br /> |mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|40|N|88|29|10|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27= Barasat| numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Barasat]] (M)| shape-color27= #800000<br /> |mark-coord28={{coord|22|49|58|N|88|37|58|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ashoknagar Kalyangarh| numbered28=M| mark-title28=[[Ashoknagar Kalyangarh]] (M) | shape-color28= #800000<br /> |mark-coord29={{coord|22|50|42|N|88|39|1|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Habra| numbered29=M| mark-title29=[[Habra]] (M) | shape-color29= #800000<br /> |mark-coord30={{coord|22|42|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Madhyamgram| numbered30=M| mark-title30=[[Madhyamgram]] (M) | shape-color30= #800000<br /> |mark-coord31={{coord|22|42|37|N|88|41|18|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31=Chandraketugarh| numbered31=H| mark-title31= [[Chandraketugarh]] (H)| shape-color31=#AA6666<br /> |mark-coord32={{coord|22|48|18|N|88|30|23|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Amdanga| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Amdanga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord33={{coord|22|45|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33=Barbaria| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Barbaria (village)]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord34={{coord|22|42|5|N|88|41|24|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34=Berachampa| numbered34=R| mark-title34= [[Berachampa]] (R) |shape-color34=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord35={{coord|22|43|41|N|88|27|12|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35=Berunanpukuria| numbered35=R| mark-title35= [[Berunanpukuria]] (R) |shape-color35=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord36={{coord|22|44|50|N|88|32|7|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Chhota Jagulia| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Chhota Jagulia]] (R) |shape-color36=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord37={{coord|22|41|39|N|88|38|58|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37= Deganga| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Deganga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color37=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord38={{coord|22|40|11|N|88|31|16|E}} | label-pos38=left|label38= Krishnapur Madanpur| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Krishnapur Madanpur]] (R) |shape-color38=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord39={{coord|22|50|39|N|88|34|5|E}} | label-pos39=left|label39= Sabdalpur| numbered39=R| mark-title39= [[Sabdalpur]] (R) |shape-color39=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord40={{coord|22|39|56|N|88|34|57|E}} | label-pos40=right|label40= Shasan| numbered40=R| mark-title40= [[Shasan, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color40=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord41={{coord|22|38|30|N|88|37|0|E}} | label41= Bidyadhari River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= 10| label-pos41=right| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none<br /> |mark-coord42={{coord|22|54|0|N|88|43|30|E}} | label42= Jamuna |labela42=River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 60| label-pos42=right| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none}}<br /> <br /> ===Location===<br /> Anarbaria is located at {{coord|22.8154|N|88.6302|E|display=inline}}.<br /> <br /> ===Area overview===<br /> The area covered in the map alongside is largely a part of the north Bidyadhari Plain. located in the lower [[Ganges Delta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 13 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 16 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The country is flat. It is a little raised above flood level and the highest ground borders the river channels.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hkj2xOrEwkC&amp;q=24+parganas+district+gazetteer&amp;pg=PA1|title = Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas|last = LSS O’Malley|work= p 1-4|year = 2009| publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn = 9788172681937| access-date = 3 May 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 54.67% of the people of the densely populated area lives in the urban areas and 45.33% lives in the rural areas.&lt;ref name=handbook2013&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Anarbaria had a total population of 5,895, of which 2,973 (50%) were males and 2,922 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 582. The total number of literate persons in Anarbaria was 4,432 (83.42% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1911_PART_B_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, North Twnty Four Parganas, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 322903, page 26-27|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 18 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As per the [[2011 Census of India]], [[Habra]] Urban Agglomeration had a total population of 304,584, of which 154,863 (51%) were males and 149,723 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 23,023. The total number of literates in Habra UA was 256,313 (91.03% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomeration/ Cities having population above 1 lakh | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India, 2011| publisher = Government of India | access-date = 3 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The constituents of Habra Urban Agglomeration were [[Habra]] (M), [[Ashoknagar, North 24 Parganas|Ashoknagar Kalyangarh]] (M), [[Bara Bamonia]] (CT), [[Guma, India|Guma]] (CT), '''Anarbaria''' (CT) and [[Khorddabamonia]] (CT).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomeration having population of 1 lakh and bove | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India, 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 3 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Infrastructure==<br /> According to the ''District Census Handbook, North Twenty Four Parganas'', 2011, Anarberia covered an area of 1.574&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. The protected water-supply involved hand pump, tank, pond, lake. It had 545 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 medicine shop. Among the educational facilities, it had 2 primary schools, other schools at Prithiba 4 &amp;nbsp;km away. The nearest college was 5&amp;nbsp;km away at [[Habra]]. It specialises in tailoring and pottery. It has the branch office of 1 nationalised bank.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 803-805 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 16 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{North 24 Parganas District}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aan_Paavam_Pollathathu&diff=484021 2026-03-23T16:57:48Z

<p>Surojits999: made stub...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 Tamil film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Aan Paavam Pollathathu.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Kalaiarasan Thangavel<br /> | writer = {{ubl<br /> |Kalaiarasan Thangavel<br /> |Sivakumar Murugesan (Dialogues)<br /> }}<br /> | screenplay = Sivakumar Murugesan&lt;br&gt;Kalaiarasan Thangavel<br /> | story = Sivakumar Murugesan<br /> | producer = Vedikkaranpatti S. Sakthivel<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Rio Raj]]<br /> * Malavika Manoj<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Madhesh Manickam<br /> | editing = Varun KG<br /> | music = [[Siddhu Kumar]]<br /> | studio = Drumsticks Productions<br /> | distributor = [[AGS Entertainment]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2025|10|31|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 122 minutes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2025 |title=''Aan Paavam Pollathathu'' (12A) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/aan-paavam-pollathathu-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdmzotaw |access-date=3 November 2025 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = {{INR}}5 crores<br /> | gross = {{INR}}27 crores<br /> }}<br /> '''''Aan Paavam Pollathathu''''' ({{Translation|Sin against Men is Dangerous}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by Kalaiarasan Thangavel in his directorial debut and written by Sivakumar Murugesan. The film is produced by Vedikkaranpatti S. Sakthivel under his Drumsticks Productions banner starring [[Rio Raj]] and Malavika Manoj in the lead roles, reuniting after ''[[Joe (2023 film)|Joe]]'' (2023).<br /> <br /> The film's music is composed by [[Siddhu Kumar]], with cinematography handled by Madhesh Manickam and editing by Varun KG.<br /> <br /> ''Aan Paavam Pollathathu'' released in theatres on 31 October 2025 and received positive reviews from critics.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Siva, an IT professional from [[Chennai]], marries Sakthi from [[Coimbatore]] after a progressive [[courtship]] where both admired each other's gender‑equality values. She mentions she is tired of her father's orthodox views. Siva shares a cigarette with Sakthi, symbolising their modern mindset. They marry and get settled into Siva's apartment. After about 400 days, Siva visited lawyer Narayanan to file for divorce. The first friction arises when Sakthi removed her [[Mangalasutra|thali]], which Siva interpreted as a breach of a cultural norm. Later, she refused to cook dinner, insisting Siva join her in cooking. Siva was prioritising his work, while she spent time creating content for [[Instagram]]. Their arguments increased with Siva thinking Sakthi was spending lavishly and hiring a housemaid without consulting him. Lawyer Narayanan brushes off these issues as they are trivial and common marital disagreements and insufficient for divorce. <br /> <br /> Siva then hints that more serious incidents followed. The first clash erupts at a relative's family function. Sakthi naïvely sits with one leg crossed over the other and is wearing a saree with a sleeveless blouse, which the elders from village deem as disrespectful. Siva's parents ask him to tell her to sit without crossing her legs. When he does, she points out that Siva's relatives are at fault for staring at her and refuses to change. Sakthi falsely claims it would not look good in her current attire to sit crossing her legs, to which Siva asks her to change her outfit, but she retorts that her choice of dress is her own and then storms out. In retaliation, Siva rudely shows up at Sakthi's friend's boutique inauguration and makes a huge scene by wearing only a [[lungi]] and flip flops, proclaiming that dressing is his choice too, leaving her embarrassed.<br /> <br /> The second incident involves a reel Sakthi posts on social media. Siva confronts her after seeing vulgar comments by viewers, an argument erupts, and she slams the door in his face. In anger, he forwards the reel to her orthodox father, widening their rift. He gets drunk in the balcony alone and crudely blabbers while intoxicated. The next morning, a video of Siva—drunk and shouting at her father—goes viral; it was secretly recorded and uploaded by Sakthi. Sakthi begins dressing in a modern style while wearing the thali, a move Siva had demanded earlier. The third incident seems hopeful: Siva forgets their anniversary, Sakthi gets emotional, and they spend a night together, reconnecting. The fourth clash surfaces when Sakthi says she wants to share two things with him. The first one she wants to start a parlour with her friend, Rakesh and Siva realises he has to take loans to fund it. Siva refuses, but she retorts that it is her choice, asking Siva not to interfere. The argument escalates, with Siva accusing her of being a &quot;fake feminist&quot; who pretends independence but relies on his money, and Sakthi shouting that he's an unfit husband. Siva finally snaps, telling her to &quot;go die&quot; instead of pretending to be progressive, finally owning up to his misogyny. The emotional showdown spirals into tragedy: Sakthi suffers a miscarriage after the fight, and Siva learns only then that she was pregnant.<br /> <br /> Distraught, Sakthi disappears from the hospital. Siva discovers she's under the care of lawyer Lakshmi, who—along with Sakthi—throws him out. Siva reveals that Sakthi had filed a [[498A: The Wedding Gift|violence‑against‑women]] complaint with the police, prompting him to approach lawyer Narayanan. Narayanan advises Siva to seek a compromise. It emerges that Lakshmi is Narayanan's ex‑wife; their acrimonious split included heavy alimony, a suspended law license for Narayanan (due to verbal abuse allegations), and also [[Parental alienation|alienates]] their daughter Diya to live with Lakshmi's sister in [[Bengaluru]]. Narayanan is depressed due to silly reasons for divorce and the pain of not being allowed access to his own daughter. Narayanan's suspension has just ended, making him eligible to represent Siva. Narayanan's assistant Siddhu, using a bribed constable, fuels Sakthi's arrogance against the investigating officer to let the complaint fizzle out as frivolous.<br /> <br /> Lakshmi, determined to nail Siva, asks assurances from Sakthi to take &quot;all possible actions&quot; hinting false cases for a divorce and revenge. Lakshmi files a contested divorce. In the first court hearing, Lakshmi argues that Siva's alleged domestic violence caused Sakthi's miscarriage, even though no physical assault was proven. The judge orders counseling for the couple and a fresh medical examination. Meanwhile, Lakshmi hires a detective to spy on Siva and Narayanan, but Siddhu catches the detective and decides to cooperate. Siva's parents yell at him for keeping the divorce case a secret. Siddhu tells Sakthi's father about the divorce case, prompting him to shout at her. Lakshmi uses police force to get Sakthi's father out of the house, and Sakthi cuts ties with her parents. In the second court hearing, Lakshmi presents Siva's drunken video and claims he may have beaten Sakthi while intoxicated. The judge orders an alcohol test for Siva. Lakshmi further accuses Siva of multiple mental disorders, leading the judge to mandate psychiatric evaluation, forcing Siva to prove his sanity through a battery of hospital tests. Desperate, Lakshmi hires a woman to falsely accuse Siva of adultery. Narayanan and Siddhu stage a stunt: they push Siva in front of the judge's car, getting him hospitalised, hoping to stall the case. <br /> <br /> The judge, however, pushes for divorce and alimony, noting the law's pro‑woman bias. To protect Siva's salary and reduce alimony, Narayanan drafts a document showing Siva paying interest to money‑lenders, and a gift deed transfers his flat to his brother's name. Lakshmi and Sakthi meet feminist activist Bharathi, who surprisingly balances household chores and her activism, prompting Sakthi to reconsider. Siva, speaking with his maid, realises women need support for their choices. He later sees Sakthi working menial food‑delivery jobs for survival. Sakthi's mother reminds her unlike them, Siva never fabricated accusations against Sakthi. The case gets a new transgender judge, Alamelumangai. Siva, now willing to give Sakthi what she wants for a comfortable life, agrees to the divorce and the alimony she requested. Judge Alamelumangai calls for a final argument to explore a possible reunion. Narayanan argues that Siva is trying to adapt to the new progressive norms, and the divorce decision stemmed from ego clashes, and not due to incompatibility. He highlights the plight of men and how misandry denies them basic respect for their struggles. He emphasises that true feminism means equality and that both partners should understand each other's pressures and let go for the sake of a stronger bond.<br /> <br /> Moved by the shift, Sakthi voices that she needs time to decide about the divorce, acknowledging that she can't fully accept Siva right now. Lakshmi also has a change of heart: she allows her [[Parental alienation syndrome|estranged]] daughter Diya to make a video‑call to Narayanan.<br /> <br /> Narayanan is happy to see his daughter after a long gap and Siddhu is happy for him. Lakshmi steps back, leaving the final decision to Sakthi about the divorce case. With emotions running high, Sakthi hugs Siva, letting go of their differences. The film ends with Siva and Sakthi happily reunited, watching the movie ''[[Thiruvilaiyadal]]''. Sakthi questions Siva about the film, pointing out that it was because of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]]'s mistakes that [[Parvati|Goddess Sakthi]] had to separate from her husband. Siva nods, acknowledging that men are the ones who always accept mistakes for the sake of family.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Rio Raj]] as Siva<br /> * Malavika Manoj as Sakthi<br /> * [[RJ Vigneshkanth]] as [[Lawyer]] Narayanan<br /> * [[Sheela Rajkumar]] as [[Lawyer]] Lakshmi, Narayanan's ex-wife<br /> * Jenson Dhivakar as [[Lawyer]] Siddhu, Narayanan's friend &amp; assistant <br /> * [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] as Sakthi's father<br /> * Raja Rani Pandiyan as Thangavel, Siva's father<br /> * Uma Ramachandran as Siva's mother<br /> * Reshmi Karthikeyan as Sakthi's mother<br /> * [[Anupama Kumar]] as Bharathi<br /> * Elango Kumanan as a judge<br /> * Aniruth as Siva's brother<br /> * [[Deepa Shankar]] as a maid<br /> * Anjali Ameer as Judge Alamelumangai<br /> * Vstar Vinoth as a detective<br /> * S. R. Kanali<br /> * Chutti Aravind as a counsellor<br /> * Vasanthi as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Kalaivani<br /> * Senthi Kumari as a [[constable]] Mallika <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> After the success of [[Joe (2023 film)|''Joe'']] (2023), [[Rio Raj]] was announced to reunite with Malavika Manoj for a yet-to-be titled romantic comedy film written and directed by Kalaiarasan Thangavel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-09-21 |title=Rio's Aan Paavam Pollathathu to release on October 31 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/rios-aan-paavam-pollathathu-to-release-on-october-31-847277 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and produced by Vedikkaranpatti S. Sakthivel under his Drumsticks Productions banner.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-05-04 |title=Joe jodi Rio Raj and Malavika Manoj all set to pair up again! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/joe-jodi-rio-raj-and-malavika-manoj-all-set-to-pair-up-again/articleshow/109835249.cms |access-date=2025-09-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=19 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719132758/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/joe-jodi-rio-raj-and-malavika-manoj-all-set-to-pair-up-again/articleshow/109835249.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from Kalaiarasan, the film has story, screenplay and dialogues written by Sivakumar Murugesan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-16 |title=Aan Paavam Pollathathu Trailer: Rio Raj’s life turns chaotic as his marriage falls apart |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Oct/16/aan-paavam-pollathathu-trailer-rio-rajs-life-turns-chaotic-as-his-marriage-falls-apart |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from the lead cast the film also stars [[Sheela Rajkumar]], [[RJ Vigneshkanth]], Vedikkaranpatti S. Sakthivel, [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]], Kajarajan, and Jenson Dhiwakar in important roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-03 |title=Joe Team Re-unites For A New Film On Men's Issues |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/joe-team-re-unites-for-a-new-film-on-mens-issues-article-109818272 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=15 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815155946/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/joe-team-re-unites-for-a-new-film-on-mens-issues-article-109818272 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The technical team includes cinematographer Madhesh Manickam, editor Varun KG, and art director Vinoth Rajkumar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='ജോ' നായകനും നായികയും വീണ്ടും ഒന്നിക്കുന്നു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/05/04/joe-tamil-film-team-rejoin.html |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=‘ജോ’ നായകനും നായികയും വീണ്ടും ഒന്നിക്കുന്നു |language=ml |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725101026/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/05/04/joe-tamil-film-team-rejoin.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In mid-February 2025, through a first-look poster, the film's title was revealed to be ''Aan Paavam Pollathathu''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-16 |title=Aan Paavam Pollathathu FL portrays modern-day man-woman conflict |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/aan-paavam-pollathathu-fl-portrays-modern-day-man-woman-conflict-823263 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en |archive-date=13 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713213444/https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/aan-paavam-pollathathu-fl-portrays-modern-day-man-woman-conflict-823263 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The teaser-glimpse was released in theatres during the intermission of [[Rajinikanth]] starrer film ''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]'' (2025).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-08-14 |title=Rio Raj's Aan Paavam Pollathathu gets a release window |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Aug/14/rio-rajs-aan-paavam-pollathathu-gets-a-release-window |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826143218/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Aug/14/rio-rajs-aan-paavam-pollathathu-gets-a-release-window |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After a formal pooja ceremony production began on 3 May 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-05-04 |title=Joe duo Rio Raj and Malavika Manoj pair up again |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/04/joe-duo-rio-raj-and-malavika-manoj-pair-up-again |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110111459/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/04/joe-duo-rio-raj-and-malavika-manoj-pair-up-again |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and got [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by the end of 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=M |first=Narayani |date=2025-02-17 |title=Rio Raj's next with Malavika Manoj titled Aanpaavam Pollathathu |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/17/rio-rajs-next-with-malavika-manoj-titled-aanpaavam-pollathathu |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925032852/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/17/rio-rajs-next-with-malavika-manoj-titled-aanpaavam-pollathathu |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Aan Paavam Pollathathu<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Siddhu Kumar]]<br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | label = [[Saregama]]<br /> | producer = [[Siddhu Kumar]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Sir (2024 film)|Sir]]<br /> | prev_year = 2024<br /> | year = 2025<br /> | next_title = [[Aaromaley]]<br /> | next_year = 2025<br /> | chronology = [[Siddhu Kumar]]<br /> | misc = {{Singles<br /> |name = Aan Paavam Pollathathu<br /> |type = soundtrack<br /> |single1 = Jodi Porutham<br /> |single1date = 9 June 2025<br /> |single2 = Aththaan <br /> |single2date = 7 October 2025<br /> |single3 = Mana Magane<br /> |single3date = 26 October 2025<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The film has music composed by [[Siddhu Kumar]] in his second collaboration with Rio Raj after ''[[Joe (2023 film)|Joe]]'' (2023).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-06-09 |title=Jodi Porutham, a heartfelt melody from Aan Paavam Pollathathu unveiled |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/jodi-porutham-a-heartfelt-melody-from-aan-paavam-pollathathu-unveiled-836482 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first single &quot;Jodi Porutham&quot; was released on 9 June 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-06-10 |title='Jodi Porutham' from Rio Raj's Aan Paavam Pollathathu features enviable companionship after marriage |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jun/10/jodi-porutham-from-rio-rajs-aan-paavam-pollathathu-features-enviable-companionship-after-marriage |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925032849/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jun/10/jodi-porutham-from-rio-rajs-aan-paavam-pollathathu-features-enviable-companionship-after-marriage |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The second video single &quot;Aththaan&quot; was released on 7 October 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-10-07 |title=ரியோவின் “ஆண் பாவம் பொல்லாதது” படத்தின் “அத்தான்” வீடியோ பாடல் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/rios-athan-video-song-from-the-film-aanpaavam-pollathathu-is-released-1183630 |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; The third single &quot;Mana Magane&quot; was released on 26 October 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-10-26 |title=ரியோவின் “ஆண் பாவம் பொல்லாதது” படத்தின் “மண மகனே” பாடல் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/rios-aanpaavam-pollathathu-film-mana-magane-song-out-1186864 |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Jodi Porutham<br /> | lyrics1 = Vignesh Ramakrishna<br /> | extra1 = Lakshmikanth M<br /> | title2 = Aththaan<br /> | lyrics2 = Mu.Vi<br /> | extra2 = Vaisagh, Lakshmikanth M<br /> | title3 = Mana Magane<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Rio Raj]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]], [[Gana Bala]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> === Theatrical ===<br /> ''Aan Paavam Pollathathu'' released in theatres on 31 October 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-09-23 |title=Rio Raj's Aan Paavam Pollathathu gets a release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2025/Sep/23/tamilnews2025sep21rio-rajs-aan-paavam-pollathathu-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The theatrical rights were acquired by [[AGS Entertainment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-09-23 |title=Rio Raj's Aan Paavam Pollathathu theatrical rights secured by AGS |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Sep/23/rio-rajs-aan-paavam-pollathathu-theatrical-rights-secured-by-ags |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Home Media ===<br /> ''Aan Paavam Pollathathu'' begn streaming on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] from 28 November 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-11-26 |title='Aan Paavam Pollathathu' OTT release date official: When and where to watch Rio Raj and Malavika Manoj's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aan-paavam-pollathathu-ott-release-date-official-when-and-where-to-watch-rio-raj-and-malavika-manojs-film/articleshow/125589138.cms |access-date=2025-11-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; The satellite rights were acquired by [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]] and [[Colors Tamil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 October 2025|title=Aan Paavam Pollathathu OTT partner: Rio Raj’s next romantic drama to stream here|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/aan-paavam-pollathathu-ott-partner-rio-rajs-next-romantic-drama-to-stream-here/2da1320a48400|website=[[OTTplay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Critical response ===<br /> ''Aan Paavam Pollathathu'' received positive reviews from critics. <br /> <br /> Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;Kalaiarasan keeps things moving by focusing on character friction rather than plot gymnastics. The comedy is rooted in observable behavior [...] No scene overstays its welcome, so if one bit falls flat, a better one is right around the corner. Thankfully, that's mostly how it plays out.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aan Paavam Pollathathu Movie Review: Rio Raj's rants land in this topical comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aan-paavam-pollathathu/movie-review/124993912.cms |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akshay Kumar of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote &quot;Rio and Malavika have struck gold in the portrayals of their respective roles. These characters are going to stay with us for a long time. Slumps in the second half never weigh down on the film that is built on a solid premise fortified by strong characterisations and performances.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-10-31 |title=Aan Paavam Pollathathu Movie Review: Laughs and lessons galore in this progress vs posturing film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Oct/31/aan-paavam-pollathathu-movie-review-laughs-and-lessons-galore-in-this-progress-vs-posturing-film |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Anusha Sundar of ''[[OTT Play]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote &quot;Aan Paavam Pollathathu is a fairly entertaining watch if you take gender politics out of question. But for a film like this, which wants to put itself in a politically correct position, there is no leeway for the mistakes it makes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aan Paavam Pollathathu movie review: A dumbed down take on modern marriages |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/aan-paavam-pollathathu-movie-review-what-if-thiruvilaiyadals-sakthi-and-sivan-get-thrown-into-modern-day-gender-biased-scenario/0aa3a7a47a424 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|32284122}}<br /> [[Category:2025 films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about abortion]]<br /> [[Category:Films about arranged marriage]]<br /> [[Category:Films about divorce]]<br /> [[Category:Films about families]]<br /> [[Category:Films about law enforcement in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films about marriage]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Coimbatore]]<br /> [[Category:Indian courtroom films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamothe&diff=457080 2026-03-20T16:12:12Z

<p>Surojits999: adjust citations additionally and added references</p> <hr /> <div>{{refimprove|date=November 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Kamothe<br /> | other_name = Mansarovar / Khandeshwar<br /> | settlement_type = Nodal city of Navi Mumbai<br /> | image_skyline = Kamothe-Sector36.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Kamothe-Sector36 at night<br /> | nickname = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|19.016804|N|73.096461|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in India by population|City]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Navi Mumbai]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Raigad district|Raigad]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = [[CIDCO]]<br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 10<br /> | population_total = 250,000<br /> | population_as_of = 2016<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Official Language - Marathi<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 410206/410209<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 022 --------<br /> | registration_plate = MH 46 ([[Navi Mumbai]]'s [[Raigad district]]), MH 43 ([[Navi Mumbai]]'s [[Thane district]]) and MH 06 ([[Alibaug]])<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | official_name = <br /> }}'''Kamothe''' is a node of [[Navi Mumbai]] in the [[Raigad district|Raigad District]], developed and maintained by [[CIDCO]]. It is located on the [[Sion Panvel Highway]] and is the third node towards [[Mumbai]] after [[Panvel]] and [[Kalamboli]]. It is divided into 48 sectors though much of it is developed only till sector 38.<br /> <br /> == Location ==<br /> <br /> The site of Kamothe adjoins the Central Business District of Belapur ([[CBD Belapur]]) of [[Navi Mumbai]] and is surrounded by [[Kharghar]] in its north, [[Taloja]] in north-east, [[Kalamboli]] in its east and [[Panvel]] in its south. The western region of Kamothe is a wet land area with enormous mangroves and towards the western side, this bed of mangroves will end thus giving way to the upcoming [[Navi Mumbai International Airport]], which has become operational since December 26, 2025. Which can be viewed from the edges of the town due to its elevated position. Kamothe is nestled between the NH548 (connecting to JNPT road) and the Mumbai-Satara Highway. The site is also connected to the small village- Jui Gaav.<br /> <br /> == Characteristics ==<br /> <br /> Kamothe is a spacious node, as it is evenly divided into 48 sectors and has some great infrastructure facilities. It is experiencing rapid growth, with a substantial rise in the population in the past five years.<br /> <br /> == Transportation ==<br /> <br /> Kamothe falls in [[Raigad district]] and is maintained by the [[Panvel Municipal Corporation]] and [[CIDCO]].<br /> <br /> Kamothe has two railway stations Mansarovar and Khandeshwar that lie on the harbour line, a part of Mumbai suburban railways.<br /> [[File:Mansarovar stn.jpg|thumb|Local train in [[Mansarovar railway station|Mansarovar Railway Station]]]]<br /> <br /> Auto rickshaws are the primary means of local transportation.<br /> <br /> BEST, NMMT and MSRTC/ST buses serve as another means of transportation over a long distance to various nodes through [[Navi Mumbai]]. Kamothe postal index number is 410209. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=410209 Pin Code , post offices list|url=https://indiamapia.com/410209.html|access-date=2021-10-25|website=indiamapia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Kamothe Highway.jpg|thumb|View of [[Panvel]] Highway from Kamothe]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Kamothe-NMIA area.jpg|thumb|Kamothe- NMIA area from Sector 35]]<br /> <br /> == Schools and colleges ==<br /> <br /> * MNR school of excellence<br /> * Loknete Ramsheth Thakur English Medium School and Jr. College <br /> * St. Agrasen High School &amp; Jr. College<br /> * Shankarrao Chavan Vidyalay School and Junior College<br /> * Sushma Patil Vidyalaya and Junior College<br /> * S.S.H. Jr. College<br /> * H.B.P SHRI. DAMAJI GANPAT GOWARI VIDYALAYA &amp; JUNIOR COLLEGE<br /> * S.S.V Shree Suvidya Vidyalaya School<br /> * Z.P.School<br /> * Dattushet Patil School<br /> * Loknete Ramsheth Thakur Public School - CBSE&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loknete Ramsheth Thakur Public School, Kamothe – Sector 6A, Plot No. 40, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai – 410 209|url=https://www.lrtpskamothe.com/|access-date=2021-10-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * MGM School of Biomedical Sciences&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MGM School of Biomedical Sciences Navi Mumbai {{!}} Home|url=https://mgmsbsnm.edu.in/|access-date=2021-10-24|website=mgmsbsnm.edu.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * MGM Medical College and Hospital &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MGM Medical College Navi Mumbai {{!}} Home|url=http://www.mgmmcnm.edu.in/|access-date=2021-10-24|website=www.mgmmcnm.edu.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * M.U.M ENGLISH SCHOOL<br /> * S S Bhagat New English School<br /> * Indo Scots Global School&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=School in Navi Mumbai {{!}} Best CBSE Schools {{!}} Top International School|url=https://www.indoscotsglobalschool.com/|access-date=2021-10-24|website=School in Navi Mumbai {{!}} Best CBSE Schools {{!}} Top International School}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Maji Amdar Dattusheth Patil Vidyalay<br /> * New English School<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{commons category|Navi Mumbai}}<br /> <br /> {{Mumbai metropolitan area}}<br /> {{Navi Mumbai}}<br /> {{Raigad district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Nodes of Navi Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Raigad district]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=N._Ravichandran_(professor)&diff=519532 2026-03-15T02:42:29Z

<p>Surojits999: Creating a data added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{BLP sources|date=March 2012}}<br /> <br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox person<br /> |name = N. Ravichandran<br /> |image = <br /> |birth_date = 11 August 1955<br /> |birth_place = <br /> |citizenship = India<br /> |known_for = [[Operations management]]<br /> |education = MSc [[Annamalai University]]&lt;br /&gt;PhD [[Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]]<br /> |alma_mater = <br /> |employer = [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]], [[Indian Institute of Management Indore]]<br /> |occupation = Director<br /> |years_active = <br /> |height = <br /> |spouse = <br /> |partner = <br /> |children = <br /> |parents = <br /> |relations = <br /> |callsign = <br /> |awards = <br /> |signature = <br /> |website = <br /> |footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''N. Ravichandran''' was the 4th (regular) director of [[Indian Institute of Management Indore|The Indian Institute of Management Indore]]. He is an MSc in maths from [[Annamalai University]] and holds a PhD from [[Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dpe.nic.in/newsite/biodata/Professors/N.%20Ravichandran0001.pdf |accessdate=12 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111120253/http://dpe.nic.in/newsite/biodata/Professors/N.%20Ravichandran0001.pdf |archivedate=11 November 2011|title=N. Ravichandaran}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is currently a professor at [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]] in the area of [[operations management]] and quantitative techniques. He started the five-year Integrated Management Programme at [[Indian Institute of Management Indore|IIM Indore]] and increased the batch size of the flagship PGP programme from 240 to 450.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/A-No-Frills-Professor/08-11-2014-58758/ |title=A No Frills Professor|publisher=Businessworld.in |date= |accessdate=28 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He is also credited with rapid creation of world-class infrastructure at IIM Indore. In his tenure, infrastructure was not only envisioned but also implemented in record time. He has also introduced the PGP at RAK in UAE and PGP at Mumbai programmes. The idea behind the PGP at RAK is to meet the demand for skilled managers in the Gulf region. The motive to start PGP at Mumbai is to help IIM Indore connect with the finance and the consulting industries. On the burning issue of high EMIs and the restriction on graduates to be able to take risks, he believes that it was a real problem and that steps need to be taken to simplify this situation. He shares his point of view on placements and career opportunities and believes that IIM Indore will be at its peak by 2015. He also says that while he hopes that students at IIM Indore get the best possible career opportunities, the institution is in the business of imparting education and not in the business of being a placement agency. According to him, the best schools in the world do not have a placement process, and Indian schools need to rethink the concept of a formal placement process.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=&quot;When you make good kachoris, people will buy them. You don't need to market it&quot; – Exclusive Hangout with Prof.Ravichandran – Director of IIM Indore|url=https://insideiim.com/when-you-make-good-kachoris-people-will-buy-them-you-dont-need-to-market-it-exclusive-hangout-with-prof-ravichandran-director-of-iim-indore|work=InsideIIM|date=9 March 2013 |publisher=InsideIIM.com|accessdate=3 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He has been a visiting faculty to many academic institutions in Europe and India. He was a public representative on the governing board of [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] up to April 2006. He is also a director at Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission Company Limited and Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title=AGM notice | url=http://www.mpseindia.in/pdffiles/agm_notice_2011.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032033/http://www.mpseindia.in/pdffiles/agm_notice_2011.pdf | archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a non-executive director of Madhya Pradesh Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited and independent director of Pithampur Auto Cluster Limited. He was also an Independent non-executive director at Gujarat State Petroleum Corp. Ltd. since 21 December 2009.<br /> <br /> His area of research includes: information technology strategy, competitiveness, [[operations management]], quantitative methods, applied simulation and stochastic processes and their applications. His current research interests include stochastic models in management science and management information systems.&lt;ref name=&quot;iimidr1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.iimidr.ac.in/iimi/pages/institute/faculty-detail.php?fid=108 |title=Indian Institute of Management Indore – faculty detail |publisher=Iimidr.ac.in |accessdate=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625205236/http://www.iimidr.ac.in/iimi/pages/institute/faculty-detail.php?fid=108 |archivedate=25 June 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; He has authored more than 50 research papers in his area of research.&lt;ref name=&quot;iimidr1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> <br /> Ravichandran was born in Thiru Ahindrapuram, [[Cuddalore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. He has two sons – Piran, who is an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University, and Jagan, who is a pediatrician currently pursuing a fellowship specialising in intensive care paediatrics at Michigan Children Hospital, Detroit.<br /> <br /> ==Books==<br /> * N. Ravichandran (1999) (Editor), Competition in Indian Industries: A Strategic Perspective, Vikas Publishing Co. Ltd, [[New Delhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Ravichandran, N . |url=http://library.ifmr.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=22458&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=22494 |title=Institute for Financial Management and Research Catalog &quot; Details for: Competition in Indian industries: a strategic perspective |publisher=Library.ifmr.ac.in |date=7 November 2000 |accessdate=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709211302/http://library.ifmr.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=22458&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=22494 |archivedate=9 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * N. Ravichandran, (1998) (Co-Editor), Corporate Strategy and Government Policy: Some Linkages, IIMA Publication.<br /> * N. Ravichandran (1991) (Editor), Microcomputers in Materials Management, Wiley Eastern Limited, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Ravichandran N . |url=http://library.ifmr.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=13321&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=13356 |title=Institute for Financial Management and Research Catalog &quot; Details for: Microcomputers and materials management |publisher=Library.ifmr.ac.in |date=8 October 1991 |accessdate=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120709212100/http://library.ifmr.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=13321&amp;shelfbrowse_itemnumber=13356 |archivedate=9 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * N. Ravichandran (1990) Stochastic Methods in Reliability Theory, Wiley Eastern Limited, India.<br /> <br /> ==Research papers==<br /> * N. Ravichandran (2007), A Finite Horizon Inventory Model: An Operational Framework, International Journal of Production Economics, 108 (2007) 406–417.<br /> * N. Ravichandran (2007), Coordinator, Genesis – Creating Value through Entrepreneurial Initiatives, Colloquium, Vikalpa, Vol. 32, No. 2, April–June 2007.<br /> * N. Ravichandran (2007), A Finite Horizon Inventory Model: An Operational Framework, International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, 108 (2007), pp.&amp;nbsp;406–415<br /> * N. Ravichandran (2007), Building World Class Educational Institutions in India: Challenges and Prospects, Colloquim, Vikalpa, Vol. 32, No. 1, January–March 2007.<br /> * N. Ravichandran and Ankur Roy (2006), Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited: Managing the Value Chain Transformation, Richard Ivey School of Business, The [[University of Western Ontario]], London, Ontario, Canada, IVEY, 9B06M071.<br /> * N. Ravichandran and Doorva Bahuguna (2006), Rule Bound Government Agency to Customer Centric Facility: Can Indian Passport Offices Make the Leap? IIMB Management Review, March 2006 Issue, Volume 18 Number 1, pp.&amp;nbsp;59–66.<br /> * N. Ravichandran (2006), Hospital Supplies Management: A Radical Prescription, Effulgence, Vol. 4, No. 1, January–June 2006, pp.&amp;nbsp;13–20.<br /> * N. Ravichandran (2005), Supply Chain Planning in a Process Industry in India: A Case Study, Metamorphosis, A Journal of Management Research, IIM Lucknow, Volume 4, Number 2, 2005, pp.&amp;nbsp;157–169.<br /> * N. Ravichandran and I.V. Subba Rao (2005), A Process oriented Approach to Waiting Line Management in a Large Pilgrimage Center in India: A Case Study, The Smart Manager, Vol 5, Issue 1, pp.&amp;nbsp;69–76.<br /> * N. Ravichandran and Manish Srivastava (2005), Revolutionizing Blood [[Banking in India]]: Prathama Blood Center, The ICFAI University Press, February 2005, pp.&amp;nbsp;48–62.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/top-business-schools-losing-sight-of-recruiters/story/17925.html Businesstoday.in]<br /> *[http://www.businessworld.in/article/A-No-Frills-Professor/08-11-2014-58758/ Businessworld.in]<br /> *[http://www.businessworld.in/tags/n-ravichandran-1761/ Businessworld.in]<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160822013806/http://iimahd.ernet.in/faculty-and-research/faculty-profile/alphabetical-list.html%26user_id%3D66 Iimahd.ernet.in]<br /> *[https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/iims-get-more-freedom-to-run-affairs/cid/460977 Telegraph India]<br /> *[http://insideiim.com/when-you-make-good-kachoris-people-will-buy-them-you-dont-need-to-market-it-exclusive-hangout-with-prof-ravichandran-director-of-iim-indore/ InsideIIM.com]<br /> * {{cite web|title=Most widely held works by N Ravichandran|url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no99087019/|publisher=[[WorldCat]]}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ravichandran, N.}}<br /> [[Category:1953 births]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian business theorists]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faculty_of_Theology,_Aligarh_Muslim_University&diff=498821 2026-03-14T17:31:00Z

<p>Surojits999: starting bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|College in the Aligarh Muslim University}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox college<br /> |name = Faculty of Theology&lt;br&gt;धर्मशास्र संकाय<br /> |image_name = <br /> |image_size = <br /> |image_alt = <br /> |caption = <br /> |pushpin_map = <br /> |pushpin_map_caption= <br /> |latd = <br /> |longd = <br /> |type = <br /> |established = 1944 <br /> |city = [[Aligarh]]<br /> |state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> |country = [[India]]<br /> |campus = <br /> |affiliations = [[Aligarh Muslim University]]<br /> |dean = <br /> |website = <br /> }}<br /> The '''Faculty of Theology''' is a part of [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. The faculty has two departments, Sunni Theology and Shia Theology.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Faculty of Theology is one of the oldest faculties of Aligarh Muslim University. Abdullah Ansari, son-in-law of [[Muhammad Qasim Nanotawi]], the founder of Darul Uloom Deoband, was appointed first Nazime-e-Deeniyat.&lt;ref name=&quot;deoband&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |authorlink1=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |title=History of the Dar al-Ulum, Deoband |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |pages=112, 114–116 |edition=1st, 1981}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> [[Aligarh Muslim University]] is the only Indian university to have distinct departments for Sunni and Shia theology. These two departments not only provide teaching and research facilities but also manage the religious life of the campus. The two are regarded as a living manifestation of Sir Syed's vision of Muslim unity and brotherhood.<br /> <br /> Abdul Lateef Rahmani, [[Syed Sulaiman Ashraf]], [[Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi]], [[Ali Naqi Naqvi]], Kazim Naqvi, Hafeezullah, [[Muhammad Taqi Amini]],&lt;ref name=&quot;irfaan&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Anas Hassan Khan |title=Six Monthly al-Irfan |journal=جدید معاشی مسائل اور اسلام Modern economic issues and Islam |date=July–December 2016 |volume=1 |issue=2 |page=43 |url=https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Prof-Muhammad-Anas-Hassan.pdf |accessdate=1 April 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410084205/https://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Prof-Muhammad-Anas-Hassan.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mujtaba Hasan Kamoonpuri, Fazlur Rahman Ginnori, Kalbe Abid and other scholars have served in this faculty.<br /> <br /> Historians including [[Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi]] have been members of the faculty.&lt;ref name=&quot;deoband&quot;/&gt;<br /> ===Role of Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi===<br /> [[Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi]] was appointed the dean of the Faculty of Theology in 1958. He transformed a mediocre faculty, both academically and administratively, and brought it on par with the other faculties of the university. His efforts introduced the faculty to postgraduate classes, PhD in the Faculty of Theology, is also the result of his efforts.&lt;ref name=&quot;deoband&quot; /&gt;<br /> Rizwanullah did his doctorate on [[Anwar Shah Kashmiri]] under him, and it was first ever PhD thesis Akbarabadi had supervised in AMU, it was published by the university in 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;nida0&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Mufti Ubaid Anwar Shah Qaiser |title=Nida'e Darul Uloom Waqf |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband]] |page=49-53 |edition=Rabi-ut-Thaani, 1438|chapter=Maulana Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi: Ek Sahib-e-Qalam Shakhsiyat |language=Urdu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Aligarh Muslim University}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Departments of the Aligarh Muslim University]]<br /> <br /> {{India-stub}}<br /> {{Islam-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundergarh_district&diff=461551 2026-03-13T12:29:27Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=May 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Sundergarh district<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --&gt;<br /> | native_name_lang = Odia<br /> | other_name = Sundargarh district<br /> | settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]<br /> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br /> |size = 250<br /> |photo1a = Khandadhar Waterfall.jpg<br /> |photo1b = Tilia, Odisha 770074, India - panoramio (9).jpg<br /> |photo2a = The Institute's Main Building.jpg<br /> |photo2b = Tumulia, Odisha 770014, India - panoramio (4).jpg<br /> |photo3a = Dulavpur, Odisha 770033, India - panoramio.jpg<br /> }}<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: Khandadhar Waterfall, Road in Tilia, Landscape near Tumulia, Dulavpur, NIT Rourkela<br /> | nickname = <br /> | image_map = Sundargarh in Odisha (India).svg<br /> | image_map1 = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | map_caption = Location in Odisha<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.116|N|84.016|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[List of districts of Odisha|Northern Division]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | seat_type = Headquarter<br /> | seat = [[Sundargarh]]<br /> | parts_type = District subdivisions<br /> | parts_style = para<br /> | p1 = {{hlist|Sundargarh|Panposh|Banei}}<br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | leader_title1 = [[District Magistrate (India)|Collector &amp; District Magistrate]]<br /> | leader_name1 = Manoj Satyawan Mahajan, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br /> | leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]<br /> | leader_name2 = Pratyush Diwaker, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Sundargarh Police district)&lt;br&gt; Brijesh Rai, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Rourkela Police district)<br /> | leader_title = [[Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Member of Parliament]]<br /> | leader_name = [[Jual Oram]], ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<br /> | leader_title4 = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 9712<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 2093437<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt;<br /> | population_density_km2 = 216<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 769 xxx, 770 xxx<br /> | registration_plate = OD-16, OD-14<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 73.34%<br /> | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]<br /> | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] &lt;small&gt;([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | website = {{URL|www.sundargarh.nic.in}}<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], English<br /> | demographics1_title2 = Local<br /> | demographics1_info2 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]], [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], [[Mundari language|Munda]], [[Kharia language|Kharia]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh(ST)]]<br /> | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank4_info_sec1 = 7 {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|008-[[Talsara (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Talsara(ST)]]&lt;br /&gt; 009-[[Sundargarh (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh(ST)]]&lt;br /&gt; 010-[[Biramitrapur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Biramitrapur(ST)]]&lt;br /&gt; 011-[[Raghunathpali (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghunathpali(SC)]]&lt;br /&gt; 012-[[Rourkela (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rourkela]] &lt;br /&gt; 013-[[Rajgangpur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajgangpur(ST)]] &lt;br /&gt; 014-[[Bonai (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bonai(ST)]]}}<br /> | blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]<br /> | blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1657.1|mm|in}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Sundergarh district''', also known as '''Sundargarh district''', is a [[Districts of Odisha|district]] in the northwestern part of [[Odisha]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in eastern [[India]].<br /> <br /> Sundargarh district is bounded by [[Raigarh district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] in the west, [[Jashpur district]] of Chhattisgarh in the North-West, [[Simdega district]] of [[Jharkhand]] in the North, [[West Singhbhum district]] of Jharkhand and [[Keonjhar district]] of Odisha in the east and [[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]], [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]], [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]] and [[Angul district|Angul]] districts of Odisha in the South. The town of [[Sundargarh]] is the district headquarters. [[Rourkela]] is the largest city in the entire district.<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> The Sundargarh district forms the northwestern part of the Odisha state and is the second largest district in the state accounting for 6.23% of the total area. The geographical area of the district is {{cvt|9712|km2}}. The district spreads from 21°36′N to 22°32′N and from 83°32′E to 85°22′E.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sundergarh.nic.in/Introduction.htm |title=Sundargarh District at a Glance : |publisher=Sundergarh.nic.in |date=1 January 1948 |access-date=30 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> {{historical populations<br /> |1901|2,77,173<br /> |1911|3,62,138<br /> |1921|3,77,449<br /> |1931|4,36,860<br /> |1941|4,90,708<br /> |1951|5,52,203<br /> |1961|7,58,617<br /> |1971|10,30,758<br /> |1981|13,37,871<br /> |1991|15,73,617<br /> |2001|18,30,673<br /> |2011|20,93,437<br /> |source=Census of India&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title= Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901}}&lt;/ref&gt;|align=center}}<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religions in Sundergarh district (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-religion&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#Fcd116<br /> |left1=Religion<br /> |right1=Per cent<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Odisha|Hinduism]]|darkorange|73.20}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Odisha|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|18.39}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Tribal religions in India|ORP]]|maroon|4.30}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Odia Muslims|Islam]]|green|3.41}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.70}}<br /> |caption=*''ORP mostly adherents of [[Sarnaism]]''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Sundargarh district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,093,437,&lt;ref name=districtcensus&gt;{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011: Sundergarh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/972/download/36756/DH_2011_2105_PART_A_DCHB_SUNDARGARH.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; roughly equal to the nation of [[North Macedonia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency| title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date =1 October 2011 | quote = North Macedonia 2,077,328 July 2011 est.<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; or the US state of [[New Mexico]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =New Mexico – 2,059,179 }}&lt;/ref&gt; This gives it a ranking of 221st in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; The district has a population density of {{convert|214|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 13.66%.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; Sundargarh has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 973 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 73.34%. 35.26% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 9.16% and 50.75% of the population respectively.&lt;ref name=districtcensus/&gt; The prominent tribes are [[Oraon people|Oraon]] (13.8 percent of district population), [[Munda people|Munda]] (11.1%), [[Kisan people|Kisan]] (7%), [[Kharia people|Kharia]] (6.7%), [[Bhuiya]] (4.3%) and [[Gondi people|Gond]] (2.6%).<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> | thumb = left<br /> | caption = Languages of Sundergarh district (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-langreport&quot;/&gt;<br /> | label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]] | value1 = 45.89 | color1 = saddlebrown<br /> | label2 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] | value2 = 14.80 | color2 = burlywood<br /> | label3 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] | value3 = 9.62 | color3 = teal<br /> | label4 = [[Hindi]] | value4 = 6.98 | color4 = orange<br /> | label5 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] | value5 = 5.57 | color5 = mediumseagreen<br /> | label6 = [[Kurukh language|Kisan]] | value6 = 4.57 | color6 = limegreen<br /> | label7 = [[Kharia language|Kharia]] | value7 = 4.38 | color7 = cornflowerblue<br /> | label8 = [[Urdu]] | value8 = 2.14 | color8 = green<br /> | label9 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value9 = 1.52 |color9 = orchid<br /> | other=yes | other-color = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 43.85% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]],14.8% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 9.62% [[Mundari language|Mundari]], 6.98% [[Hindi]], 5.57% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 4.57% [[Kurukh language|Kisan]], 4.38% [[Kharia language|Kharia]], 2.14% [[Urdu]] and 1.52% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their first language.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-langreport&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|website=Census of India 2011 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Sundargarh one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).&lt;ref name=brgf/&gt; It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).&lt;ref name=brgf&gt;{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Transport ==<br /> === Railways ===<br /> The railway stations in Sundargarh district include {{rws|Barsuan}}, {{rws|Bimalgarh Junction}}, {{rws|Birmitrapur}}<br /> {{rws|Bisra}}, {{rws|Bondamunda}}, {{rws|Garpos}}, {{rws|Jaraikela}}, {{rws|Kalunga}}, {{rws|Nuagaon}}, {{rws|Quarry Siding}}, {{rws|Rajgangpur}} and {{rws|Rourkela Junction}} railway stations. &lt;!--Do not remove these links (stations will be orphaned)--&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Politics==<br /> <br /> === Lok Sabha ===<br /> {{Main articles|Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)}}<br /> Present [[Lok Sabha]] MP is [[Jual Oram]] who is representing the seat from 2014.<br /> <br /> ===Vidhan Sabha Constituencies===<br /> {{main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}<br /> <br /> The following is the list of 7 [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies&lt;ref&gt;[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]&lt;/ref&gt; of Sundargarh district and the elected members&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |quote=MEMBER NAME |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date=2 May 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; of that area<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !No.<br /> !Constituency<br /> !Reservation<br /> !Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks)<br /> !Member of 17th Assembly <br /> ![[Political party|Party]]<br /> |-<br /> !8<br /> |[[Talsara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Talsara]]<br /> |ST<br /> |Subdega, Balisankara, Baragaon, Lephripara (part)&lt;!-- Alpaka G.P., Dumabahal G.P., Giringkela G.P., Gundiadihi G.P., Hurmei G.P., Kulabira G.P., Lephripara G.P., Masabira G.P., Rajbahal G.P., Sarafgarh G.P.--&gt;<br /> | [[Bhabani Shankar Bhoi]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br /> |-<br /> !9<br /> |[[Sundargarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh]] <br /> |ST<br /> |Sundargarh (M), Sundargarh, Tangarpali, Hemgiri, Lephripara (part)&lt;!-- Badbanga G.P., Chhatenpali G.P., Darlipali G.P., Jhurimal G.P., Raibaga G.P., Raidihi G.P., Sargipali G.P.--&gt;<br /> | [[Jogesh Kumar Singh]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#004225&quot; | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]<br /> |-<br /> !10<br /> |[[Biramitrapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Biramitrapur]]<br /> |ST<br /> |Biramitrapur (M), Kuarmunda, Nuagaon, Bisra (part) &lt;!--Excluding Kulunga (O. G), Jagada &amp; Jhirpani GPs--&gt;<br /> | [[Rohit Joseph Tirkey]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#004225&quot; | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]<br /> |-<br /> !11<br /> |[[Raghunathpali (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghunathpali]] <br /> |SC<br /> |Rourkela (Township), Lathikata (part)&lt;!-- Hatibandha G.P., Lathikata G.P., Mundajore G.P., Ramjodi G.P., Suidihi G.P., Jalda G.P.--&gt;<br /> | Durga Charan Tanti<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FF9933&quot; | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;BJP&lt;/span&gt;]]<br /> |-<br /> !12<br /> |[[Rourkela (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rourkela]]<br /> |None<br /> |Rourkela (M), Kulunga (O.G.), Bisra (part) &lt;!-- Jagada and Jhirpani GPs --&gt;<br /> |[[Sarada Prashad Nayak|Sarada Prasad Nayak]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#004225&quot; | [[Biju Janata Dal|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;BJD&lt;/span&gt;]]<br /> |-<br /> !13<br /> |[[Rajgangpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajgangpur]] <br /> |ST<br /> |Rajgangpur (M), Rajgangpur, Kutra, Lathikata (part)&lt;!-- Bad-Dalki G.P., Birda G.P., Birkera G.P., Tainsar G.P., Jhartrang G.P., Chikatmati G.P., Garjan G.P., Balanda G.P., Kulunga G.P., Jadakudar G.P.--&gt;<br /> | C. S. Raazen Ekka<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#00BFFF&quot; | [[Indian National Congress|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;INC&lt;/span&gt;]]<br /> |-<br /> !14<br /> |[[Bonai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bonai]] <br /> |ST<br /> |Gurundia, Bonaigarh, Lahunipara, Koira<br /> |[[Laxman Munda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FF0000&quot; |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=22.2292921&amp;lon=84.4570327&amp;z=18&amp;l=0&amp;m=a&amp;v=2 wikimapia coord]<br /> * {{official website|http://sundergarh.nic.in/}}<br /> <br /> {{Geographic location<br /> |Centre = Sundergarh district<br /> |North = [[Simdega district]], Jharkhand<br /> |Northeast = [[West Singhbhum district]], Jharkhand<br /> |East =<br /> |Southeast = [[Kendujhar district]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Anugul district]]<br /> |South = [[Debagarh district]]<br /> |Southwest = [[Jharsuguda district]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Sambalpur district]]<br /> |West = [[Raigarh district]], Chhattisgarh<br /> |Northwest = [[Jashpur district]], Chhattisgarh<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Sundergarh district}}<br /> {{Western Odisha}}<br /> {{Odisha}}<br /> {{Mahanadi Basin}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sundergarh District}}<br /> [[Category:Sundergarh district| ]]<br /> [[Category:1948 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Districts of Odisha]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=50th_Parachute_Brigade_(India)&diff=455249 2026-03-10T09:11:39Z

<p>Surojits999: added article for accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox military unit<br /> | unit_name = 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade<br /> | abbreviation = <br /> | image = [[File:50 Para.png|200px]]<br /> | caption = Badge of the 50th Parachute Brigade <br /> | dates = 1941 – present<br /> | country = {{flag|British India}} (1941–1947) &lt;br&gt;{{flag|India}} (1947–present)<br /> | branch = {{army|British India}} (1941–1947)&lt;br&gt;{{army|India}} (1947–present)<br /> | type = [[Airborne forces]]<br /> | role = [[Anti-aircraft warfare]]&lt;br&gt;[[Anti-tank warfare]]&lt;br&gt;[[Army engineering maintenance]]&lt;br&gt;[[Artillery observer]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bomb disposal]]&lt;br&gt;[[CBRN defense]]&lt;br&gt;[[Close-quarters combat]]&lt;br&gt;[[Counter-battery fire]]&lt;br&gt;[[Counterinsurgency]]&lt;br&gt;[[Demining]]&lt;br&gt;[[Direct action (military)|Direct action]]&lt;br&gt;[[Emergency medicine]]&lt;br&gt;[[Force protection]]&lt;br&gt;[[Indirect fire]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jungle warfare]]&lt;br&gt;[[Long-range penetration]]&lt;br&gt;[[Maneuver warfare]]&lt;br&gt;[[Military communications]]&lt;br&gt;[[Military engineering]]&lt;br&gt;[[Military logistics]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mountain warfare]]&lt;br&gt;[[Parachuting]]&lt;br&gt;[[Raid (military)|Raiding]]&lt;br&gt;[[Reconnaissance]]&lt;br&gt;[[Screening (tactical)|Screening]]&lt;br&gt;[[Special reconnaissance]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tactical Combat Casualty Care]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tracking (hunting)|Tracking]]&lt;br&gt;[[Urban warfare]]<br /> | size = [[Brigade]]<br /> | garrison = [[Agra]]<br /> | garrison_label = Headquarters<br /> &lt;!-- Commanders --&gt;| Past Commanders = <br /> | colonel_of_the_regiment = <br /> | notable_commanders = [[Brigadier]] [[Mohammad Usman]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Brigadier]] [[Sagat Singh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Brigadier]] Farukh Bulsara<br /> Lt Gen Sagat Singh<br /> &lt;!-- Insignia --&gt;<br /> | identification_symbol = <br /> | identification_symbol_2 = &lt;!-- Culture and history --&gt;| nickname = <br /> | motto = <br /> | march = <br /> | mascot = Balidan Dagger<br /> | battles = [[Burma Campaign]]&lt;br&gt;[[1961 Indian Annexation of Goa]]&lt;br&gt;[[Operation Cactus]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay]]<br /> | anniversaries = <br /> | decorations = <br /> | battle_honours = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center<br /> |image1 = An Indian Army paratrooper with the 50th Independent Para Brigade exits a CH47 Chinook helicopter during a partnered airborne training exercise with U.S. Army paratroopers in 2013.jpg<br /> |alt1 =<br /> |width1 = 190<br /> |image2 = An Indian Army paratrooper with the 50th Independent Para Brigade exits a CH47 Chinook helicopter in 2013.jpg<br /> |alt2 =<br /> |width2 = 177<br /> |footer = An Indian Army paratrooper with the 50th Parachute Brigade jumps from an aircraft.<br /> }}<br /> The '''50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade''' is an elite airborne forces (special operations capable) brigade sized formation of the [[Indian Army]]. Its main force is formed of battalions of the [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]]. It consists of [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] battalions and the [[President's Bodyguard (India)|President's Bodyguard]], supported by units of the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]], the [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers|Corps of Engineers]] and the [[Army Medical Corps (India)|Army Medical Corps]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The brigade was initially raised as part of the [[Indian Army during World War II]]. It was formed in October 1941, during the [[World War II|Second World War]], as an independent parachute brigade. Later, it was one of two parachute brigades in the [[44th Airborne Division (India)|44th Indian Airborne Division]]. The brigade took part in the [[Battle of Sangshak]], which has been credited with delaying the Japanese forces moving up for the [[Battle of Imphal]] which allowed British and Indian reinforcement to reach [[Battle of Kohima|Kohima]].<br /> <br /> After formation, the brigade had the following structure:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.orbat.info/history/volume6/Indian%20Army%20AirborneSF.pdf|title=Indian Army Airborne/Special Forces Units|last=Rinaldi|first=Richard A.|year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Brigade Headquarters<br /> * Brigade Signal Section<br /> * [[156th Parachute Battalion (United Kingdom)|151st Battalion The Parachute Regiment]] (British)<br /> * 152nd Parachute Battalion (Indian)<br /> * 153rd Parachute Battalion (Gurkha)<br /> * 411th (Royal Bombay) Parachute Engineer Section, [[Royal Indian Engineers]]<br /> <br /> ==Engagements==<br /> ===Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-48===<br /> {{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948}}<br /> The 50th Parachute Brigade saw extensive action in the Kashmir operations of 1947–48. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd battalions of the [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] each won a battle honour in the Jammu &amp; Kashmir theater. The brigade commander, Brig. [[Mohammad Usman]], was killed in action on July 3, 1948, and was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]] posthumously.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=M USMAN {{!}} Gallantry Awards |url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/m-usman |website=gallantryawards.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Annexation of Goa 1961===<br /> {{Main|Liberation of Goa}}<br /> The brigade took part in the [[annexation of Goa]] along with [[17th Indian Infantry Division]]. Although the 50th Parachute Brigade was charged with merely assisting the main thrust conducted by the 17th Division, its units moved rapidly across minefields, roadblocks and four riverine obstacles to be the first to reach [[Panjim]].&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-3/jagan.html|title=Remembering Sagat Singh (1918-2001)|journal=Bharat Rakshak Monitor|volume=4|issue=3|access-date=2010-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204131720/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-3/jagan.html|archive-date=2013-02-04|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the morning of 18 December, the 50th Parachute Brigade moved into Goa in three columns.<br /> #The eastern column, comprising the 2nd battalion, Parachute Regiment, advanced via the town of Ponda in central Goa.<br /> #The central column, comprising the 1st battalion, Parachute Regiment, advanced via the village of Banastari.<br /> #The western column - the main thrust of the attack - comprised the 2nd battalion, [[Sikh Light Infantry]] as well as an armoured division which crossed the border at 0630 hours in the morning and advanced along Tivim.<br /> <br /> The western column, facing no resistance, reached the town of Betim at 1700 hours, just a 500 metre wide river crossing away from [[Panjim]], the capital town. In the absence of orders, the units set camp at Betim and proceeded to secure areas up and down the riverfront.<br /> <br /> The order to cross the river was received on the morning of 19 December, upon which two rifle companies advanced on Panjim at 0730 hours and secured the town without facing any resistance. On orders from Brig. [[Sagat Singh]], the troops entering Panjim removed their steel helmets and donned the Parachute Regiment's maroon berets. As the men marched into the town, they were welcomed as liberators by the locals.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}<br /> <br /> ===Indo-Pakistani War of 1965===<br /> {{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}<br /> The 50 Parachute Brigade was tasked with capturing of the Jallo railway bridge. Despite being a newly raised battalion 6 Para of the Parachute Regiment with superb battle drill and fighting spirit attacked the Jallo railway bridge enduring stiff resistance and heavy artillery fire. The unit successfully captured and occupied the bridge on September 17 raising the success signal 'Ghora'.The officers and men in the brigade were overjoyed with this operationally critical capture.<br /> <br /> ===Indo-Pakistani War of 1971===<br /> {{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}<br /> In 1971, the brigade saw numerous actions both in the eastern and western theatres. For the first time in the annals of independent India's history, an airborne infantry battle group, formed around the 2nd battalion, Parachute Regiment, was dropped at Tangail, which contributed substantially to speeding up the liberation of Bangladesh. Elements of 2 Para became the first Indian troops to enter Dhaka. The 50th Parachute Brigade saw action initially in Bangladesh with 2 Para in the airborne role, 7 Para as the advance guard, and the rest of the brigade in a ground role. The brigade then moved to assist its sister brigade in the western sector, thus becoming the only formation to see action on both fronts.<br /> <br /> ===Operation Cactus===<br /> {{Main|Operation Cactus}}<br /> In response to an attempted coup d'état in the [[Maldives]], and on the request of Maldivian President [[Maumoon Abdul Gayoom]], the Indian Army launched Operation Cactus. The operation started on the night of 3 November 1988, when [[Ilyushin Il-76]] aircraft of the [[Indian Air Force]] airlifted elements of the 50th Independent Parachute Brigade, commanded by Brigadier Farukh Bulsara, from [[Agra Air Force Station]] and flew them non-stop over 2,000 kilometres (1,240&amp;nbsp;mi) to land them over the [[Velana International Airport|Malé International Airport]] on [[Hulhulé Island]]. The 6th battalion The Parachute Regiment (6 Para), commanded by Col Subash Joshi,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Bhatia |first1=Lt Gen Vinod |title=OPERATION CACTUS |url=https://salute.co.in/operation-cactus/ |website=Salute|date=10 June 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila &amp; Poongali Bridge)|17th Parachute Field Regiment]] made up the first wave, followed by the 7th battalion, Parachute Regiment as the second wave. The paratroopers arrived in Hulhule nine hours after the appeal from President Gayoom. They immediately secured the airfield, crossed over to Male using commandeered boats and rescued President Gayoom. The paratroopers restored control of the capital to President Gayoom's government within hours.<br /> <br /> ===Kargil War===<br /> {{Main|Kargil War}}<br /> The 50th Parachute Brigade, at the time consisting of the 6th, 7th and 1st battalions of the Parachute Regiment and an ATGM detachment of the 19th battalion, [[Brigade of the Guards]], was deployed in the [[Mushkoh Valley]] as the Army HQ reserve. Elements of the brigade were awarded with the COAS Unit Citation for their performance in clearing the Mushkoh valley intrusions.<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> [[File: U.S. Army Lt. Col. Phillip Sounia, second from right, the commander of the 3rd Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment, and Indian Army Maj. Arvind Singh, right, a company commander with the 50th Parachute Brigade, lead 130511-A-DK678-011.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Elements of the 50th Parachute Brigade training with the US Army XVIII Airborne Corps during Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2013]]<br /> The 50th Parachute Brigade comprises the following units:<br /> * Three battalions of the [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] in rotation. <br /> * One Parachute Field Regiment ([[Regiment of Artillery|Artillery]]) ([[9 (Parachute) Field Regiment|9 Parachute Field Regiment]] and [[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila &amp; Poongli Bridge)|17 Parachute Field Regiments]] in rotation)<br /> * 60 Parachute Field Hospital ([[Army Medical Corps (India)|AMC]])<br /> * 411 (Independent) Parachute Field Company ([[Bombay Sappers]])<br /> * 622 Parachute Composite Company ([[Indian Army Service Corps|ASC]])<br /> * 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade OFP ([[Army Ordnance Corps (India)|Ordnance]])<br /> * 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade Signal Company ([[Indian Army Corps of Signals|Signals]])<br /> * 2 (Independent) Parachute Field Workshop Company ([[Indian Army Corps of EME|EME]])<br /> * 252 (Parachute) Air Defence Battery ([[Corps of Army Air Defence (India)|AAD]])<br /> * 50th (Independent) Parachute Brigade Provost Section ([[Corps of Military Police (India)|CMP]])<br /> <br /> The [[President's Bodyguard]] also forms part of the brigade as the [[Pathfinder (military)|pathfinder]] company.<br /> <br /> The Airborne Special Forces Battalions of the Parachute Regiment rotate to form part of the brigade, alternatively serving their field tenures in counter-insurgency/high-altitude areas. One of the two field regiments ([[9 (Parachute) Field Regiment (India)|9 Parachute Field Regiment]] and [[17 (Parachute) Field Regiment (Zojila &amp; Poongali Bridge)|17 Parachute Field Regiment (Zojila &amp; Poongali Bridge)]]) also forms part of the brigade while the other serves out its field tenure on rotation.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> *[[List of Indian Army Brigades in World War II]]<br /> *[[Mohammad Usman|Brig Mohammad Usman, MVC (posthumous)]]<br /> * [[Pathfinders (military)|Pathfinders]]<br /> * [[List of Airborne Artillery Units]]<br /> * [[List of paratrooper forces]]<br /> * [[Paratrooper]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Brigades of the Indian Army]]<br /> [[Category:British Indian Army brigades]]<br /> [[Category:Brigades of India in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1941]]<br /> [[Category:Airborne brigades]]<br /> [[Category:Military units and formations in Burma in World War II]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilikiti&diff=452574 2026-03-07T08:57:42Z

<p>Surojits999: minor updated lead for accuracy further and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Form of cricket originating in Samoa}}<br /> [[File:Bats used in the Samoan game of Kilikiti (Kirikiti).jpg|thumb|Kilikiti bats]]<br /> '''Kilikiti''', also known as '''Samoan cricket''' or '''kirikiti''', is one of [[forms of cricket|several forms]] of the game of [[cricket]]. Originating in [[Samoa]] (English [[Missionary|missionaries]] introduced [[History of Test cricket (to 1883)|their game]] of cricket in the early 19th century), it spread throughout [[Polynesia]] and can now be found around the world in areas with strong Polynesian populations. The game is the [[national sport]] of Samoa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-10/an-samoa27s-version-of-cricket2c-kilikiti2c-on-display-in-me/5380372?section=vic|title=Samoa's version of cricket, kilikiti, on display in Melbourne tournament|work=ABC News|date=10 April 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and is played in many other Pacific countries,&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Tony |last=Squires|title = Testing time for tiny Tuvalu|date =1 April 2012|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4864748.stm|publisher= BBC News |access-date=31 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; including amongst the Pacific Islander diaspora in [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The term ''kilikiti'' is borrowed from [[Samoan language|Samoan]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://education.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/main-education/teaching-and-learning/curriculum/multicultural-education/eald/eald-bilingual-dictionary-samoan.pdf|title=English-Samoan Bilingual Dictionary|publisher=NSW Department of Education|page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tongan language|Tongan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://education.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/main-education/teaching-and-learning/curriculum/multicultural-education/eald/eald-bilingual-dictionary-tongan.pdf|title=English-Tongan Bilingual Dictionary|publisher=NSW Department of Education|page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]]. ''Kilikiti'' is the Samoan and Tongan term for the sport of cricket and derived from English. The term in Samoan is sometimes spelt ''kirikiti'', which is also the [[Māori language|Māori]] name for the sport.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/2694 | title=Kirikiti - te Aka Māori Dictionary }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Form of the game==<br /> <br /> ===Equipment===<br /> The ball is made of a very hard rubber wrapped in [[pandanus]]. Players are not protected by any padding or masks, and will often wear only a [[lava-lava]]. The [[sennit]]-wrapped wooden bat is modeled on the three-sided Samoan war club called the &quot;lapalapa,&quot; which is based on the stalk of coconut fronds. Bats are shaped to individual players' liking and can be over a meter long. This is because the striking surface of the bat is angled (just as the &quot;lapalapa&quot; club and the coconut frond stalk), and the path of a hit ball is extremely hard to predict.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Rules===<br /> The rules of kilikiti are flexible. Indeed, the majority of reports written in the game simply say that the rules can only be known by those playing.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Similarities to cricket====<br /> [[File:Jock Livingston c1942.jpg|thumb|upright|Australian cricketer [[Jock Livingston]] with a Kilikiti bat]]<br /> There is a [[Batting (cricket)|batting]] team, a [[Fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team, and a [[Cricket pitch|pitch]] (sometimes of concrete). The bowl alternates between two [[Bowler (cricket)|bowlers]], one at each end of the pitch; accordingly, there are two [[wicket keeper]]s (this as opposed to the single wicket keeper in [[cricket]]).<br /> <br /> ====Major points on which kilikiti differs from cricket====<br /> There is no limit to team size, and teams are made up of whoever turns up regardless of gender or age.&lt;ref name=&quot;ieccn&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kirikiti - 37 for the loss of 19 wickets? |url=http://www.ieccjapan.com/newsletter/newsletter43.htm |work=India Engineers Cricket Club Newsletter |volume=43 |date=2004-09-02 |access-date=2005-09-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225084716/http://ieccjapan.com/newsletter/newsletter43.htm |archive-date=2005-02-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tourist accounts mention that strangers are often welcomed. Players are typically [[all-rounder]]s.<br /> <br /> A kilikiti game is a multi-day community event full of singing, dancing, and feasting. Entire villages will compete and everyone will be involved, whether as player, cook, or spectator. According to one source, the only universal rule is that the host team forfeits if it cannot provide enough food.&lt;ref name=&quot;ieccn&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Standardization====<br /> The New Zealand Kilikiti Association (NZKA) is working to [[Standardization|standardize]] the rules of kilikiti. In 1999 the NZKA started a national [[tournament]], called the Supercific Kilikiti Tournament, and in 2001 it introduced the international World Cup Kilikiti Tournament. Games have been cut to a television-friendly 70 minutes (2 [[innings]], the first being 30 minutes long and the second bowling the same number of balls as the first). The NZKA has also added the scoring of [[Boundary (cricket)#Scoring runs|4s and 6s]].<br /> <br /> ==Kilikiti World Cup==<br /> {{Main|Kilikiti World Cup}}<br /> <br /> ==By country==<br /> ===Australia===<br /> Kilikiti is a growing sport in Australia, particularly among [[Samoan Australians]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.abc.net.au/pacific/programs/pacificbeat/kilikiticomp/101467426 | title=Brisbane kilikiti competition to celebrate traditional Samoan sport | website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=22 September 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Fetuilelagi Kilikiti Tournament]] is held annually in [[Brisbane]]. In 2022, 15 teams competed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/100054374568384/posts/thank-you-abc-sport-for-featuring-the-fetuilelagi-kilikiti-tournament-we-hosted-/638260771329736/|title=Thank you ABC... - Fetuilelagi Kilikiti Tournament - Brisbane|website=www.facebook.com|accessdate=27 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tournaments have also been held in other cities, such as [[Melbourne]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-10/an-samoa27s-version-of-cricket2c-kilikiti2c-on-display-in-me/5380372?section=vic | title=Australian Samoans showcase their own version of cricket | newspaper=ABC News | date=10 April 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Sydney]].<br /> <br /> ===New Zealand===<br /> Kilikiti has become a popular sport across New Zealand. It is especially popular among [[Samoan New Zealanders]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/programmes/champions-of-the-pacific/audio/2018787548/how-kilikiti-is-helping-keep-the-samoan-culture-alive-in-nz | title=How kilikiti is helping keep the Samoan culture alive in NZ | website=[[Radio New Zealand]] | date=15 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tournaments have been held across the country, mostly in [[Auckland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://collegesport.co.nz/sports/kilikiti/kilikiti-information/ | title=Kilikiti Information – College Sport Auckland }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Counties Manukau Kilikiti Association is the main league for the sport in New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://cmkirikiti.org/ |title=CM Kirikiti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129230228/https://cmkirikiti.org/ |archive-date=29 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Samoa===<br /> Kilikiti originated in Samoa and is popular nationwide.<br /> <br /> ===Other Pacific Islands===<br /> Like in Samoa, the sport is also widespread in [[American Samoa]].<br /> <br /> The sport has also been played in [[Fiji]], [[Niue]], [[Tokelau]], [[Tonga]] and [[Tuvalu]].<br /> <br /> ===Elsewhere===<br /> The sport has also been played in countries such as the [[United States]].<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Tuvalu}}<br /> *[[Cricket in Oceania]]<br /> *[[Trobriand cricket]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite book|title=Cricket, Kirikiti and Imperialism in Samoa, 1879–1939|first=Benjamin|last=Sacks|year=2019|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan Cham|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-27268-5}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.sportsground.co.nz/kilikiti_nz_international/81350/ New Zealand Kilikiti Association]<br /> *{{cite news|first1=Liza (text) |last1=Simon |first2=Tom (photography) |last2=Haar |title=South Seas Cricket: The staid British sport gets a Polynesian makeover |url=http://www.hanahou.com/cricket.htm |work=Hana Hou |access-date=2005-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050326081235/http://www.hanahou.com/cricket.htm |archive-date=2005-03-26 |url-status=dead }}<br /> *{{cite web|first=Iulia |last=Leilua |title=Supercific Kilikiti Tournament |url=http://www.eventpolynesia.com/events/samoa/archive/NZ3_page_supercifickilikiti02.htm |year=2005 |access-date=2005-09-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517225926/http://www.eventpolynesia.com/events/samoa/archive/NZ3_page_supercifickilikiti02.htm |archive-date=2006-05-17 }}<br /> *{{cite web| title=Independent Samoa: Its Culture and Atmosphere| url=https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A2026982 | work=[[h2g2]] |publisher=[[BBC]] | access-date=2005-09-05}}<br /> *{{cite web | title=Cricket – Pacific Style| url=http://channel.tepapa.govt.nz/gallery/cricket-pacific-style/ |publisher=[[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]] | access-date=2015-05-03}}<br /> *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0qhwN5iT68 2001 Kilikiti World Cup highlights] on YouTube<br /> <br /> {{Forms of cricket}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Short form cricket]]<br /> [[Category:Cricket in Samoa]]<br /> [[Category:Sports originating in Samoa]]<br /> [[Category:Sport in Tuvalu]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Window_Connection&diff=545795 2026-03-04T00:35:36Z

<p>Surojits999: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Window Connection<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = R. K. Gupta<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = <br /> | starring =<br /> | music = [[Anupam Roy]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|2014|05|09|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Window Connection''''' is a 2014 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] [[psychological thriller film]] directed by R. K. Gupta. It features actors [[Aryann Bhowmik]] and [[Tanusree Chakraborty]] in the lead roles. Music of this film has been composed by [[Anupam Roy]].<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Rahul is a college-going boy who has always longed for the attention and love of his parents, which he feels deprived of. When he meets Sohini, his forgets his loneliness and his mind gets obsessed with thoughts of her. A new desire to live works within him. But that Rahul loves her remains unknown to Sohini, the results of which were strange or mysterious events occurring in her life. Whether Rahul is able to win the heart of Sohini or not, forms the climax of the story.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Aryann Bhowmik]] as Rahul<br /> * [[Tanusree Chakraborty]] as Sohini<br /> * [[Biswajit Chakraborty]]<br /> * [[Kanchan Mullick]]<br /> * Rajat Ganguly<br /> * [[Rita Koiral]]<br /> * Sunil Kumar<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''Window Connection'' is the directorial debut of R. K. Gupta. Regarding his first project, he said, &quot;We have already started shooting. It's a triangular love story-turned-psychological thriller. And I must say, both the actors are doing a fine job.&quot; [[Tanusree Chakraborty]] referred to this film as a &quot;dark film&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tanusree and Aryann in Window Connections&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Tanusree and Aryann in Window Connections|date=11 January 2017|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Tanusree-and-Aryann-in-Window-Connections/etarticleshow/22707750.cms|accessdate=20 March 2019|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Tanusree Chakraborty]] was signed to play the role of Sohini, who is a cheerful girl who works for an ad agency. On the other hand, Rahul, the character played by [[Aryann Bhowmik]], is a dark character. Rahul is a college-going student from a disturbed family background. This is for the first time that Tanusree is working as a heroine where her hero is younger than her. Regarding her role in the film, Tanusree said, &quot;My character, Sohini, has loads of shades and the film has lots of twists and turns. Initially, it might come across as a love story, but it gradually develops into a thriller.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tanusree and Aryann in Window Connections&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aryann Washington Interview&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Interview:Tete-a-tete with Aryann, The young actor who played Kakababu's Santu in New Bangla Movie Mishawr Rawhoshyo|url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/104839513-interviewtete-tete-aryann-young-actor-who-played-kakababu-s-santu-new-bangla-movie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017233143/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/104839513-interviewtete-tete-aryann-young-actor-who-played-kakababu-s-santu-new-bangla-movie|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 October 2013|accessdate=30 November 2013|newspaper=[[Washington Bangla Radio on Internet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> [[Anupam Roy]] roped in to compose the film score for ''Window Connection''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tanusree and Aryann in Window Connections&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Window Connection}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 Bengali-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2014 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Anupam Roy]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mormugao&diff=453897 2026-03-03T22:12:51Z

<p>Surojits999: further improve section after review and corrected details</p> <hr /> <div>{{About|the locality/area|the port|Mormugao Port Trust}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=April 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Mormugao<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = City<br /> | image_skyline = Mormugao Harbour Aerial View.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Aerial view of Mormugao Harbour<br /> | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1171|frame-width=270|frame-height=340|frame-lat=15.34|frame-long=74.06|stroke-width=3|zoom=9|type2=point|coord2={{coord|15.40|N|73.80|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}<br /> | map_caption = Location of Mormugao in [[Goa]]<br /> | pushpin_map =<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption =<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|15.40|N|73.80|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{IND}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = {{seal|Goa}}<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Goa|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2= [[South Goa district|South Goa]]<br /> | subdivision_type3= [[Tehsil|Taluka]]<br /> | subdivision_name3= [[Mormugao taluka]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = Municipality<br /> | governing_body = Mormugao Municipal Council<br /> | leader_title = chairperson<br /> | leader_name = Girish Borkar<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 65.62 <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = ''Mormuganvcar''<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 403601<br /> | registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#GA.E2.80.94Goa|GA]]-06<br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.mmcvasco.com/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mormugao''' is a coastal town situated in the [[Mormugao taluka|eponymous subdistrict]] of [[South Goa district|Southern]] [[Goa]] state, India. It has a deep natural harbour and remains Goa's chief port.<br /> <br /> Towards the end of the [[Indo-Portuguese]] era in 1917, thirty-one settlements were carved out of the [[Salcete taluka|Salcette]] territory, to form Mormugao with Mormugao seaport as its headquarters. The remaining thirty-five settlements were retained in Salcette which encompass the present-day Salcete ''taluka'' with [[Margao]] as its headquarters.&lt;ref name=&quot;mmg&quot;&gt;<br /> {{cite book <br /> | last = Pinho<br /> | first = Vasco<br /> | date = 2007<br /> | title = &quot;Snapshots&quot; of Indo-Portuguese history, Volume 1 <br /> | page = 122<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Mormugao is located at {{Coord|15.25|N|73.98|E|}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/33/Mormagao.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mormugao]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; It has an average elevation of 2&amp;nbsp;metres (7&amp;nbsp;feet).<br /> <br /> ==Demographics and Healthcare==<br /> {{As of|2001}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mormugao had a population of 97,085. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mormugao has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 70%. In Mormugão, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Konkani being the state language, Marathi, Kannada, Hindi and English are also spoken.<br /> <br /> The Directorate of health services Goa (DHS) provides secondary level of healthcare to the people of mormugao and nearby places through the erstwhile [[Chicalim Cottage Hospital]] at Alto [[Chicalim]] now upgraded to the level of Sub District Hospital with 120 beds. The DHS also provides Primary Health Care to the taluka through PHC Casaulim, PHC Cortalim and UHC Vasco. A number of private nursing homes, clinics, panchkarma centres, gyms and physiotherapy centres can also be found in the subdistrict.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Harbour - Breakwater P5300141.JPG|thumb|Breakwater at Mormugao Harbour]]<br /> [[File:Goa-Vasco 03-2016 08 view to Mormugao Harbour.jpg|thumb|Container ship in Mormugao Harbour]]<br /> When the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[colonise]]d parts of Goa in the sixteenth century, they based their operations in the central district of [[Tiswadi]], notably in the international emporium 'City of Goa', now [[Old Goa]]. As threats to their maritime supremacy increased, they built forts on various hillocks, especially along the coast. In 1624, they began to build their fortified town on the headland overlooking Mormugao harbour.<br /> <br /> The sultans of [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]], who had ruled Goa before the Portuguese, did not give up easily. There were several invasions. From the sea came the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], who eventually took over from the Portuguese most of the coastal settlements: the [[Moluccas]], [[Batticaloa]], [[Trincomali]], [[Galle]], [[Malacca]], [[Mannar Island|Manar]], [[Jaffna]], [[Quilon]], [[Cochin]] and [[Kannur|Cannanore]]. From 1640 to 1643, the Dutch tried their best to capture Mormugão but were finally driven away.<br /> <br /> In 1683, the Portuguese in Goa were in grave danger from the [[Marathas]]. Almost certain defeat was averted when [[Sambhaji]] suddenly lifted the siege and rushed to defend his own kingdom from the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]. The narrow escape, no less than the decline of the City of Goa, convinced the Portuguese viceroy, Dom [[Francisco de Távora]], that he should shift the capital of the Portuguese holdings in [[India]] to Mormugao's formidable fortress.<br /> <br /> In 1685, the new city's principal edifices were under construction, with the Jesuit priest Father [[Teotónio Rebelo]] in charge. The [[Jesuit]] [[architect]]s made a consistent effort to avoid the ornate style of the time. The austere viceregal palace still stands, having been used, after its short stint as a palace, in various capacities, including as a hotel which housed the [[United Kingdom|British]] agents who in 1943 destroyed [[Germany|German]] ships anchored in Mormugao's neutral waters. Viceroys after Távora found Mormugao too secluded for their liking. The administrative headquarters were moved to the new city of [[Panjim]], which is still Goa's chief city.<br /> <br /> During [[World War II]], the harbour of Mormugao was the site of [[Operation Creek]], which resulted in the bombing of a German merchant ship, ''Ehrenfels,'' which had secretly been transmitting information to [[U-boat]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mpt-to-salvage-remnants-of-german-ships-wrecked-in-world-war-ii-4886485/|title=MPT to salvage remnants of German ships wrecked in World War II|date=2017-10-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Mormugao Port==<br /> {{main|Mormugao Port}}<br /> Ever since it was accorded the status of a Major Port in 1963, the Mormugao port has contributed immensely to growth of maritime trade in India. It is the leading iron ore exporting port of India with an annual throughput of around 27.33 million tonnes of iron ore traffic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.mptgoa.com/# |title=Mormugao, Mormugao Port Trust Goa, Goa, Official Website of Mormugao Port Trust |access-date=2009-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221101252/http://www.mptgoa.com/ |archive-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[INS Mormugao]] has been named after the port.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/566564/navy-destroyer-named-goa-port.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502092157if_/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/566564/navy-destroyer-named-goa-port.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-05-02|title = New Navy destroyer to be named after Goa port}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport links==<br /> [[File:Iron Ore Train Goa 2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Train carrying Iron Ore to Marmagao Port]]<br /> Epidemics devastated Mormugao during the eighteenth century, but after that its fortunes turned. As the importance of one of India's best natural harbours grew more apparent, Mormugao, which the British called Marmagoa, became a key trading point. It was chosen for the terminus of the new [[metre gauge]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=This page was produced after reading my friend Apurva Bahadur's account of his 2001 holiday in Goa which brought back happy memories of my two brief visits there ( see Links page for details). | url=https://www.webcitation.org/5knvX7wWH?url=http://www.geocities.com/wp7713/vasco_vindaloo.htm | access-date=2025-10-05 | website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; railway linking the Portuguese colony to British India. For a fabulous price, the [[Western India Portuguese Guaranteed Railways Company]], a British enterprise, modernised the port and built the railway. Both were opened to the public in July 1886.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://theneutralview.com/reclaiming-vasco-da-gama-the-port-town/|title=RECLAIMING VASCO-DA-GAMA, THE PORT TOWN|date=2018-01-30|website=The Neutral View|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mormugao's city of [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]] was planned and built in the early years of the twentieth century. A colourful city of officials, traders and migrant labourers, it had its Portuguese academies and British club life for several decades. Now rather scarred, Mormugão district continues to be unique in Goa.<br /> <br /> With [[Goa International Airport|Goa's airport]] at [[Dabolim]], the railway terminus at Vasco da Gama, and the busy port, Mormugao is many visitors’ first experience of Goa.<br /> <br /> ==Politics==<br /> The area is part of the [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (also known as [[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mormugão (Lok Sabha constituency)]] ). In the 2019 Lok sabha elections, the [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa Lok Sabha constituency]] was again won by [[Francisco Sardinha]] of [[Indian National Congress]] defeating [[Narendra Keshav Sawaikar]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], though [[Narendra Keshav Sawaikar|Sawaikar]] had managed to gain lead in all 4 lok sabha constituencies of Mormugao.<br /> <br /> Mormugao taluka also elects 4 MLAs to the [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa State Assembly]]. The current MLAs are [[Alina Saldanha]] from [[Cortalim (Goa Assembly constituency)]], [[Carlos Almeida (politician)|Carlos Almeida]] from [[Vasco Da Gama (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], [[Milind Naik (politician)|Milind Naik]] from [[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)]] and [[Mauvin Godinho]] from [[Dabolim (Goa Assembly constituency)]] all from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<br /> <br /> ==Climate==<br /> {{Weather box<br /> | location = Mormugao (1991–2020, extremes 1953–2020)<br /> | metric first = Y<br /> | single line = Y<br /> | Jan record high C = 36.7<br /> | Feb record high C = 37.8<br /> | Mar record high C = 37.7<br /> | Apr record high C = 37.8<br /> | May record high C = 38.4<br /> | Jun record high C = 35.6<br /> | Jul record high C = 32.7<br /> | Aug record high C = 32.5<br /> | Sep record high C = 33.2<br /> | Oct record high C = 36.8<br /> | Nov record high C = 36.7<br /> | Dec record high C = 36.6<br /> | year record high C = 38.4<br /> | Jan high C = 31.8<br /> | Feb high C = 31.6<br /> | Mar high C = 32.1<br /> | Apr high C = 33.1<br /> | May high C = 33.4<br /> | Jun high C = 30.9<br /> | Jul high C = 29.3<br /> | Aug high C = 29.2<br /> | Sep high C = 30.0<br /> | Oct high C = 31.6<br /> | Nov high C = 33.3<br /> | Dec high C = 32.8<br /> | year high C = 31.6<br /> | Jan low C = 21.7<br /> | Feb low C = 22.2<br /> | Mar low C = 24.2<br /> | Apr low C = 26.3<br /> | May low C = 27.0<br /> | Jun low C = 25.2<br /> | Jul low C = 24.4<br /> | Aug low C = 24.2<br /> | Sep low C = 24.2<br /> | Oct low C = 24.5<br /> | Nov low C = 23.9<br /> | Dec low C = 22.2<br /> | year low C = 24.2<br /> | Jan record low C = 16.7<br /> | Feb record low C = 17.2<br /> | Mar record low C = 17.3<br /> | Apr record low C = 20.6<br /> | May record low C = 20.7<br /> | Jun record low C = 17.0<br /> | Jul record low C = 20.2<br /> | Aug record low C = 19.3<br /> | Sep record low C = 21.1<br /> | Oct record low C = 18.3<br /> | Nov record low C = 12.2<br /> | Dec record low C = 17.2<br /> | year record low C = 12.2<br /> | rain colour = green<br /> | Jan rain mm = 0.4<br /> | Feb rain mm = 0.0<br /> | Mar rain mm = 0.5<br /> | Apr rain mm = 5.6<br /> | May rain mm = 79.4<br /> | Jun rain mm = 840.0<br /> | Jul rain mm = 885.2<br /> | Aug rain mm = 518.2<br /> | Sep rain mm = 288.5<br /> | Oct rain mm = 156.2<br /> | Nov rain mm = 22.4<br /> | Dec rain mm = 3.2<br /> | year rain mm = 2799.5<br /> | Jan rain days = 0.2<br /> | Feb rain days = 0.0<br /> | Mar rain days = 0.1<br /> | Apr rain days = 0.3<br /> | May rain days = 3.4<br /> | Jun rain days = 20.7<br /> | Jul rain days = 25.8<br /> | Aug rain days = 22.6<br /> | Sep rain days = 14.2<br /> | Oct rain days = 6.7<br /> | Nov rain days = 1.3<br /> | Dec rain days = 0.4<br /> | year rain days = 95.7<br /> |time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | Jan humidity = 62<br /> | Feb humidity = 65<br /> | Mar humidity = 69<br /> | Apr humidity = 70<br /> | May humidity = 71<br /> | Jun humidity = 83<br /> | Jul humidity = 86<br /> | Aug humidity = 86<br /> | Sep humidity = 83<br /> | Oct humidity = 78<br /> | Nov humidity = 67<br /> | Dec humidity = 61<br /> |year humidity = 74<br /> |source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf<br /> | title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020<br /> | publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]<br /> | access-date = April 8, 2024<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=IMDnormals&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br /> | archive-date = 5 February 2020<br /> | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf<br /> | title = Station: Marmugao (Mormugao) Climatological Table 1981–2010<br /> | work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010<br /> | publisher = India Meteorological Department<br /> | date = January 2015<br /> | pages = 501–502<br /> | access-date = 19 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=IMDextremes&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf<br /> | archive-date = 5 February 2020<br /> | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf<br /> | title = Extremes of Temperature &amp; Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)<br /> | publisher = India Meteorological Department<br /> | date = December 2016<br /> | page = M47<br /> | access-date = 19 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Murgaon Education Society was established in 1971 with the goal of providing educational facilities at Vasco-da-Gama and in other parts of Murgaon Taluka. Mormugao Educational Society's College of Arts and Commerce locally known as [[MES College]] is a famous institution situated in Zuarinagar, which provides higher education in Arts and Commerce along with [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Goa Campus|Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS)]] that caters to university level of education in the fields of engineering and medicine.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal|Islands}}<br /> * [[Ports in India]]<br /> * [[Mormugao Port Trust]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mormugao| ]]<br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in South Goa district]]<br /> [[Category:Port cities and towns in India]]<br /> [[Category:Islands of India]]<br /> [[Category:Populated places in India]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivar_(1980_film)&diff=450661 2026-03-03T21:00:20Z

<p>Surojits999: Revised and enhanced article content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film <br /> | name = Ivar<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[I. V. Sasi]]<br /> | producer = M. O. Joseph<br /> | writer = Madhavi Madhav&lt;br&gt;[[Thoppil Bhasi]] (dialogues)<br /> | screenplay = Thoppil Bhasi<br /> | starring = [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]&lt;br&gt;[[Seema (actress)|Seema]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sukumaran]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jose (actor)|Jose]]&lt;br&gt;[[MG Soman]]<br /> | music = [[G. Devarajan]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Jayanan Vincent]]<br /> | editing = [[K. Narayanan]]<br /> | studio = Manjilas<br /> | distributor = Manjilas<br /> | released = {{Film date|1980|1|25|df=y}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Ivar''''' is a 1980 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[I. V. Sasi]] and produced by M. O. Joseph. The film stars [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], [[Sukumaran]] and [[Jose (actor)|Jose]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[G. Devarajan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1105|title=Ivar|access-date=2014-10-11|publisher=MalayalaChalachithram}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1576|title=Ivar|access-date=2014-10-11|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info|archive-date=16 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016082007/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1576|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/ivar-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016034550/http://spicyonion.com/title/ivar-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 October 2014|title=Ivar|access-date=2014-10-11|publisher=spicyonion.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> <br /> *[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] as Savithri/Margaret<br /> *[[Seema (actress)|Seema]] as Lisa<br /> *[[Sukumari]] as Mary<br /> *[[Jose (actor)|Jose]] as Stanley<br /> *[[Sankaradi]] as Varkey<br /> *[[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]] as Damu<br /> *[[Sathaar]]<br /> *[[Sukumaran]] as Raghavan Nair<br /> *[[Bahadoor]] as Koyaakka<br /> *[[Balan K. Nair]] as Avaran Muthalali<br /> *[[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Porinchu<br /> *[[M. G. Soman]] as Leslie<br /> *[[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Savithri's Mother<br /> *[[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Savithri's Father<br /> *[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]] as Babu<br /> *[[Silk Smitha]] as Susamma<br /> * [[Kollam G. K. Pillai]]<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[P. Bhaskaran]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || &quot;Onne Onne Onne Po&quot; || [[K. P. Brahmanandan]], [[C. O. Anto]], [[Karthikeyan (1970s-80s singer)|Karthikeyan]], Sherin Peters || [[P. Bhaskaran]] || <br /> |-<br /> | 2 || &quot;Vellimani Naadam&quot; || [[P. Madhuri]], [[Ambili (singer)|Ambili]], Chorus, C. O. Anto, Karthikeyan || P. Bhaskaran || <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || &quot;Vindhyaparvatha Saanuvinkal&quot; || Ambili, Karthikeyan || P. Bhaskaran || <br /> |-<br /> | 4 || &quot;Vrischikappularithan (Bit) || Karthikeyan, Sherin Peters || P. Bhaskaran || <br /> |-<br /> | 5 || &quot;Vrischikappularithan&quot; || [[K. J. Yesudas]], P. Madhuri || P. Bhaskaran || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|0327972|Ivar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1980 films]]<br /> [[Category:1980 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by I. V. Sasi]]<br /> [[Category:1980 Indian films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paadu_Nilave&diff=523531 2026-03-03T05:13:47Z

<p>Surojits999: added stub - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1987 film by K. Rangaraj}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Paadu Nilave.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[K. Rangaraj]]<br /> | screenplay = [[M. G. Vallabhan]]<br /> | story = [[R. Selvaraj (screenwriter)|R. Selvaraj]]<br /> | producer = Ilango<br /> | starring = [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Nadhiya]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Dinesh Baboo]]<br /> | editing = Srinivas Krishna<br /> | music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> | studio = Krishnalaya Productions<br /> | distributor = Moogambigai Cine Distributors<br /> | released = {{film date|1987|5|15|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 120 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Paadu Nilave''''' ({{translation|Oh Moon, please sing}}) is a 1987 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic musical film]], directed by [[K. Rangaraj]] and written by [[M. G. Vallabhan]] from a story by [[R. Selvaraj (screenwriter)|R. Selvaraj]]. The film stars [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] and [[Nadhiya]], with [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], [[Senthil]], [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]], [[J. V. Somayajulu]], [[A. R. Srinivasan]] and [[Typist Gopu]] in supporting roles. It was released on 15 May 1987 and became a commercial success.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Balakrishnan &quot;Balu&quot; is a die hard fan of singer Sangeetha. By chance she visits Balakrishnan's village on vacation. When he tries to meet her, he is continuously [[Ragging|ragged]] and insulted by her and her assistants. One day when Sangeetha hears him sing near a beach, she realises his talent and also learns about his struggles. They become good friends and Sangeetha wishes to stay in the village for longer. However her father comes and immediately takes her back to Chennai for her singing events and she leaves without informing Balakrishnan. Balakrishnan heartbroken goes to Chennai in search of her and finally when he reaches her home, he gets insulted. On that day he decides to take revenge on her by becoming a popular singer just like her. He is helped by a policeman who suggests that he learn singing from a man in jail. So Balu goes to the jail where he finds the man to be his father. But he does not reveal the truth in fear of being unable to learn from his father.<br /> <br /> After learning proper music, Balu becomes a good singer. He meets Sangeetha while in jail where she comes to sing in a function. He sings in front of her and she becomes very happy while he remains angry. She later gives him the chance to begin his career as a singer at her own studio and he becomes famous. Now she meets singer Balu at his house but he insults her the same way she did at her house. She then tells all the truth that she insulted him to protect him from her money minded father. He then acts as if he believed her and embraces her while planning his revenge. They get married and the next day Balu leaves her at her home. When enquired about why he behaves so, he says he did it all to take revenge on her and her father. It is revealed that Sangeetha's father killed Balu's sister and his innocent father was framed for the same and sent to jail. Balu challenges Sangeetha for a music competition with the condition that the loser should never sing again. Her father decides to kill Balu on the day of the competition. All the efforts to prevent this go in vain and the competition begins. Both of them sing fabulously and in the end, Sangeetha gets injured while protecting Balu and her father is shot dead by the police. He gives a last statement that Balu's father is innocent and he is the killer. Balu's father is released from the jail. Balu and Sangeetha finally unite.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] as Balakrishnan &quot;Balu&quot;<br /> ** [[Sujitha|Baby Sujitha]] as young Balu<br /> * [[Nadhiya]] as Sangeetha<br /> * [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] as Ramanathan<br /> * [[Senthil]] as Thiri Vetti<br /> * [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Moorthi<br /> * [[J. V. Somayajulu]] as Muthaiah Bhagavathar<br /> * [[A. R. Srinivasan]] as Jailor<br /> * [[Typist Gopu]] as Inspector<br /> * [[Kalaranjini]] as Lalitha (guest appearance)<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Paadu Nilave Tamil FIlm LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/paadu-nilave-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322054134/https://mossymart.com/product/paadu-nilave-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=22 March 2022 |access-date=26 July 2021 |website=Mossymart}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 January 1987 |title=Paadu Nilave (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/co/album/paadu-nilave-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1598497920 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815132612/https://music.apple.com/co/album/paadu-nilave-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1598497920 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Malaiyoram Veesum Kaathu&quot; is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Keeravani]],{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=141}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=26 April 2013 |title=Harmonious symmetry |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/harmonious-symmetry/article4657111.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219171338/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/harmonious-symmetry/article4657111.ece |archive-date=19 December 2014 |access-date=5 April 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;Vaa Veliye&quot; is set in [[Shubhapantuvarali]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=17 February 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey&amp;nbsp;— Sorrowful Subhapantuvarali |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-sorrowful-subhapantuvarali/article2903378.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116092123/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-sorrowful-subhapantuvarali/article2903378.ece |archive-date=16 November 2017 |access-date=5 April 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=164}}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Kuthamma Nellu Kuthu<br /> | extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]], Chorus<br /> | length1 = 4:27<br /> | title2 = Malaiyoram Veesum Kaathu<br /> | extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br /> | length2 = 4:57<br /> | title3 = Kokkarako Koovura<br /> | extra3 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], K. S. Chithra<br /> | length3 = 4:44<br /> | title4 = Malaiyoram Veesum Kathu<br /> | note4 = male<br /> | extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length4 = 1:12<br /> | title5 = Paadungal Paattu Paadungal<br /> | extra5 = K. S. Chithra, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> | length5 = 4:10<br /> | title6 = Chithirai Maadhathu Nilavu<br /> | extra6 = Mano, K. S. Chithra<br /> | length6 = 4:30<br /> | title7 = Vaa Veliyae Ilam Poonguyile<br /> | extra7 = Mano, K. S. Chithra<br /> | length7 = 6:33<br /> | title8 = Malaiyoram Veesum Kathu<br /> | note8 = female<br /> | extra8 = K. S. Chithra<br /> | length8 = 1:13<br /> | total_length = 31:46 &lt;!-- Automatically generated with User:JPxG/TrackSum.js --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> ''Paadu Nilave'' was released on 15 May 1987,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 May 1987 |title=Paadu {{sic|nolink=y|Nilaavae}} |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19870515&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=6 November 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; and distributed by Moogambigai Cine Distributors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 May 1987 |title=Paadu {{sic|nolink=y|Nilaavae}} |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19870522&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; The following week, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, &quot;This thoroughly contrived storyline banks itself eagerly on the revenge element, and coming to think of it, its essential structure bears many similarities to last year's hit ''[[Amman Kovil Kizhakale]]''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 May 1987 |title=Paadu {{sic|nolink=y|Nilaave}} |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19870522&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=17 November 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=12 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] (a duo) of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote that, despite dealing with an old wine of an ordinary fan transforming into a top singer, the way screenplay has been stitched by adding elements like accused father, deceased sister and the long lost son it makes the mix more better. They also praised Mohan-Nadhiya's pairing, A. R. Srinivasan's performance and the cinematography but panned the climax, calling it absurd in an otherwise balanced plot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=7 June 1987 |title=பாடு நிலாவே |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jun/07-06-1987/p55.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220815134512/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jun/07-06-1987/p55.jpg |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=7 February 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=55 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was commercially successful.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sangita |date=30 January 2008 |title=Nadia spelt fun |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Nadia-spelt-fun/article15373003.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711182738/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Nadia-spelt-fun/article15373003.ece |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 February 2018 |title=ராஜா ராஜாதான் தொடர்&amp;nbsp;– சிவக்குமார் 14–02–18 |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/cinema/news/43704 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918170029/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/cinema/news/43704 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=23 June 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> * {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br /> <br /> {{K. Rangaraj}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1987 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1980s romantic musical films]]<br /> [[Category:1987 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1987 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about singers]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by K. Rangaraj]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by M. G. Vallabhan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minsaram&diff=517753 2026-03-03T03:24:09Z

<p>Surojits999: Creating a info and citations - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2011 film directed by N. Selvakumaran}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Minsaram<br /> | image =<br /> <br /> | caption =<br /> | director = N. Selvakumaran<br /> | producer = M. S. Tamilarasan&lt;br&gt;Palani M. Eliyas<br /> | writer = N. Selvakumaran<br /> | starring = {{unbulleted list|Yuvaraj|Madhuchanda|[[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]}}<br /> | music = T. Devan<br /> | cinematography = K. V. Suresh<br /> | editing = S. Saleem<br /> | distributor =<br /> | studio = Covai Film City<br /> | released = {{Film date|2011|03|18|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 110 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Minsaram''''' ({{translation|Electricity}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[vigilante film]] directed by N. Selvakumaran. The film stars Yuvaraj, Madhuchanda, and [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]], with Ajay Pradeep, Adith, Kannan, Babu, Sougandhi, Muthuswamy, Rajendranath, [[Bala Singh]], [[Rama (actress)|Rama]], [[Kadhal Sukumar]], and [[Nellai Siva]] playing supporting roles. The film, produced by M. S. Tamilarasan and Palani M. Eliyas, had musical score by T. Devan and was released on 18 March 2011.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> A mysterious group kidnaps a politician, an advocate, a businessman, and a police officer. The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Thamizharasan ([[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]), pressures the police to find the culprits. Ilavarasu (Yuvaraj), the leader of the group, contacts Thamizharasan via email and tells him why he had to kidnap them.<br /> <br /> Ilavarasu was a carefree student who lived with his parents and his sister Jaya. One day, Raghava, the brother of the local don Kotti Kumaraaswamy (Muthuswamy), and his friends eve-teased and molested Jaya in a shop. Ilavarasu and his friends caught them and took them to the police station. Ilavarasu and his friends were then sent to jail. A vengeful Kumaraaswamy threatened Ilavarasu's family and made their lives miserable. Ilavarasu's father sought the help of ACP Venkatesh (Rajendranath) and filed a complaint against Kumaraaswamy, but Venkatesh, being Kumaraaswamy's loyal man, threw away his complaint. Kumaraaswamy's henchmen continued to tease Jaya, and one day, Ilavarasu and his friends beat them up. One of the rowdies died during the fight. Kumaraaswamy's henchmen then kidnapped Ilavarasu's family, and Kumaraaswamy brutally killed them. The journalist Kathir (Soumyan), Ilavarasu's girlfriend Aarthi (Madhuchanda), and his four friends (Ajay Pradeep, Adith, Kannan and Babu) decided to help Ilavarasu.<br /> <br /> Back to the present, Thamizharasan feels bad for what happened to Ilavarasu and wants to help him. The next day, on live television, Ilavarasu and his friends introduce the hostages: corrupt politicians, corrupt police officers, corrupt advocates, fraudulent businessmen, and rowdies. They beg Thamizharasan to fight against social evils like corruption and rowdyism and ask him to abolish bail. The public strongly supports the students and their request. Thamizharasan also decides to support the students. He asks them to release the hostages and promises to clear them. When Thamizharasan went to see the governor, his car exploded, and on the news, he is pronounced dead. At the headquarters of Thamizharasan's party, the politicians have a savage fight on who will be the next leader of the party, and the governor dismisses the current government.<br /> <br /> A few months later, Thamizharasan returns alive just before the election. Thamizharasan tells the media that he was saved by the students that day and they were protecting him from the people who tried to kill him. With the support of the students, Thamizharasan is re-elected as chief minister, and he finally abolishes bail.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> *Yuvaraj as Ilavarasu<br /> *Madhuchanda as Aarthi<br /> *[[Thol. Thirumavalavan]] as Thamizharasan<br /> *Ajay Pradeep as Ajay, Ilavarasu's friend<br /> *Adith as Ilavarasu's friend<br /> *Kannan as Ilavarasu's friend<br /> *Babu as Ilavarasu's friend<br /> *Sougandhi as Kathir<br /> *Muthuswamy as Kottai Kumaraswamy<br /> *Rajendranath as ACP Venkatesh<br /> *[[Bala Singh]] as Sundaramoorthy, Ilavarasu's father<br /> *[[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Ilavarasu's mother<br /> *[[Kadhal Sukumar]] as Ilavarasu's friend<br /> *[[Nellai Siva]] as Thooyavan<br /> *Myna Nandhini as Jaya's friend<br /> *[[Kovai Senthil]] as Tamil Professor<br /> *[[Anju (actress)|Anju]] as Minister<br /> *[[Lollu Sabha Balaji]] as Thamizharasan's assistant<br /> *Selvakumar as Politician<br /> *Nivetha as Nivetha<br /> *Suraj<br /> *R. S. Nathan<br /> *Imran<br /> *Kavita Banerjee<br /> *Rekha<br /> *Nagu Pinky in a special appearance<br /> *Gana Ulaganathan in a special appearance<br /> *[[Sujibala]] in a special appearance<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> After producing the film ''18 Vayasu Puyale'' (2007), the producers decided to make a film about the student's power. N. Selvakumaran made his directorial debut with this film. Newcomer Yuvaraj and Madhuchanda were chosen to play the lead roles. [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]], the leader of the political party [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]], was cast to play the role of Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and accepted the role after six months. He had also penned the lyrics for the song &quot;Velethulu Manitha&quot; during a three hour car ride.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kollywoodtoday.net/news/minsaram-audio-launched-by-thol-thirumavalavan/|title=Student's power|date=30 June 2008|access-date=3 August 2020|publisher=kollywoodtoday.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thol-thirumavalavan-turns-actor/articleshow/7432273.cms|title=Thol Thirumavalavan turns actor|date=7 February 2011|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album|<br /> | name = Minsaram<br /> | type = [[soundtrack]]<br /> | artist = T. Devan<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 2009<br /> | recorded = 2009<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 36:28<br /> | label =<br /> | producer = T. Devan<br /> | prev_title =<br /> | prev_year =<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The film score and the soundtrack were composed by T. Devan. The soundtrack, released in 2009, features 7 tracks with lyrics written by [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]], Muthu Vijayan, Shanmuga Seelan, Vaanavan and T. Devan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mio.to/album/Minsaram+(2009)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906123356/http://mio.to/album/Minsaram+(2009)|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 September 2018|title=Minsaram (2009)&amp;nbsp;- Devan T|access-date=3 August 2020|publisher=MusicIndiaOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing|<br /> |extra_column=Singer(s)<br /> |headline=Tracklist<br /> |total_length=36:28<br /> |title1=Anantha Deepam|extra1=[[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Saindhavi]]|length1=4:51<br /> |title2=Gobala Gobalamma|extra2=[[Manikka Vinayagam]], [[Malathy Lakshman]]|length2=5:10<br /> |title3=Velethulu Manitha|extra3=[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]|length3=6:41<br /> |title4=Puthu Raagam &lt;small&gt;(duet)&lt;/small&gt;|extra4=C. N. S, [[Deepa Miriam]]|length4=5:08<br /> |title5=Kasimedu Kuppattaya|extra5=Gana Ulaganathan, T. Devan|length5=5:05<br /> |title6=Oru Malai Poluthu|extra6=Ranjith, Suchitra Ram|length6=4:26<br /> |title7=Puthu Raagam &lt;small&gt;(solo)&lt;/small&gt;|extra7=Deepa Miriam|length7=5:07<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The film was released on 18 March 2011 alongside ''[[Muthukku Muthaaga]]'', ''[[Avargalum Ivargalum]]'' and ''[[Lathika (film)|Lathika]]''.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}<br /> <br /> Rohit Ramachandran rated the film 0.5 out of 5 and said, &quot;if you're looking for entertainment or art, you'll be disappointed. It is a two-hour long electoral campaign of Thol. Thirumavalavan&quot; and concluded, &quot;Minsaram lacks vitality and fails to secure your vote&quot;.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} [[Dinamalar]] praised the dialogue delivery of [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]] and the song sang by Gana Ulaganathan but criticised the writing and the direction.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/175/minsaram/|title=மின்சாரம்|date=22 March 2011|access-date=3 August 2020|language=Tamil|trans-title=Minsaram|magazine=[[Dinamalar]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2011 films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian vigilante films]]<br /> [[Category:2011 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shwetkali&diff=535532 2026-02-27T11:24:18Z

<p>Surojits999: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Bengali-language web-series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Shwetkali_Official_Poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Promotional poster for ''Shwetkali''<br /> | genre = Thriller<br /> | creator = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> | inspired_by = <br /> | writer = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | director = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> | starring = Oindrila Sen&lt;br&gt;[[Saheb Bhattacharya]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sourav Chakraborty (actor)|Sourav Chakraborty]]<br /> | music = Pralay Saha<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> | num_episodes = 8<br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Snigdha Basu&lt;br&gt;Sani Ghosh Ray<br /> | editor = Subhadeep Das<br /> | company = [[Acropoliis Entertainment]]<br /> | network = [[ZEE5]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2023|02|24}}<br /> | last_aired =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Shwetkali''''' is a 2023 [[Bengali Language|Bengali]] [[Thriller film#Psychological thriller |psychological mystery thriller]] web series.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title= Bengali Web Series: 'শ্বেতকালী'-র রহস্য সমাধানে ঐন্দ্রিলা, সাহেব, সৌরভেরা, ২৪ ফেব্রুয়ারী আসছে নতুন ওয়েব সিরিজ |url= https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bengali-web-series-a-new-benglai-will-released-in-named-swetkali-by-oindrila-saheb-sourav-debleena-is-going-to-be-released-on-zee-5-957124|access-date=18 February 2023|website= ABP Live |date= 17 February 2023|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Created and directed by Sani Ghosh Ray, the series marks the OTT debut of Oindrilla Sen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 February 2023|title= Oindrila Sen's debut OTT project 'Swetkali' to stream soon |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/oindrila-sens-debut-ott-project-swetkali-to-stream-soon/articleshow/97790403.cms |access-date=18 February 2023|website=The Times Of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= ওয়েব সিরিজে হাতেখড়ি ঐন্দ্রিলার, 'শ্বেতকালী'-র রোমহর্ষক রহস্য সমাধান কে করবে? |url= https://bangla.asianetnews.com/entertainment/bengali-cinema/oindrila-sen-debut-in-bengali-web-series-shetkali-is-going-to-be-released-on-zee-5-brd/articleshow-vfnts1m|access-date=18 February 2023|website=Asianet News |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sourav Chakraborty (actor)|Sourav Chakraborty]], [[Saheb Bhattacharya]], Arindam Ganguly, Debdut Ghosh, Devlina Kumar, Samadarshi Dutta, Swagata Basu and Rishi Koushik play other pivotal roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title= New Web Series Shwetkali: ঐন্দ্রিলা-সমদর্শীরা এবার জড়াবেন অলৌকিকের জালে, ওটিটি-তে আসছে 'শ্বেতকালী' |url= https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/entertainment/movie/new-web-series-shwetkali-is-coming-soon/wb20230215220426019019433 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website= ETV Bharat |date= 15 February 2023 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Produced by [[Acropoliis Entertainment]], the series was streamed on [[ZEE5]] on 24 February 2023 to positive reviews from the audience and critics alike.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Team Shwetkali celebrated the success of its show recently with a big bash |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/team-shwetkali-celebrated-the-success-of-its-show-recently-with-a-big-bash-photogallery/cid/1942629?slide=1 |access-date=22 July 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=6 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Shwetkali follows the story of Urvi and Palash and their families after the reach the Kharapani Mansion to celebrate their engagement. In middle of the celebrations, a wall in the mansion breaks down revealing a hidden statue of white Kali, also referred to as Shwet Kali. Following this a number of incident unravel that hark back to a dark past and how they have an implication on the present.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title= Oindrila on Swetkali: 'শ্বেতকালী'-র পুজোর রাতে একের পর এক মৃত্যু, রহস্য সমাধানে ওয়েব সিরিজে পা ঐন্দ্রিলার!|url= https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/oindrila-on-swetkali-oindrila-sen-saheb-bhattacharyya-sourav-chakraborty-s-new-web-series-swet-kali-going-to-release-at-zee-fire-on-24th-feb-957110|access-date=18 February 2023|website= ABP Live |date= 17 February 2023|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> * Oindrilla Sen as Urvi<br /> * [[Sourav Chakraborty (actor)|Sourav Chakraborty]] as Arunabha<br /> * [[Saheb Bhattacharya]] as Palash<br /> * Arindam Ganguly as Mahitosh<br /> * Debdut Ghosh as Priyotosh<br /> * Devlina Kumar as Annie<br /> * [[Samadarshi Dutta]] as Shimul<br /> * Swagata Basu as Shikha<br /> * [[Rishi Kaushik]] as Narendra Pratap<br /> * Ratan Sarkhel as Balaram Purohit<br /> * Ranit Modok as Bablu<br /> * Saswati Mazumdar as Tanima<br /> * Prantik Banerjee as Debnath<br /> * Mantra Bose as Nayantara<br /> * Lokinath Dey as Police Officer<br /> * Mallika Sinha Roy as Madhumita<br /> * Koushiki as Avayananda<br /> * Sunny as Bonnie<br /> * Rana Basu Thakur as Supriyo<br /> * Chiradip Mitra as Manager<br /> * Biswanath Das as Gangacharan<br /> * Debashri Roy as Kanan<br /> * Anwesha as Pushpa<br /> * Tony Bose as Kashi<br /> * Tirtha Chatterjee as Jharna<br /> * Santanu Ghosh as Constable Das<br /> * Subrata Barik as Dr. Gora<br /> * Pritam Chanda as Nathu<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Announcement ===<br /> The show was announced as a part its future slate of Bengali shows by ZEE5 on 12 December 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title= ZEE5 announces new Bengali shows with popular directors and actors|url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/zee5-announces-new-bengali-shows-with-popular-directors-and-actors/cid/1903667 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website= The Telegraph (India) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> === Marketing and release ===<br /> The trailer of Shwetkali was released on 12 February 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title= খুন নাকি অভিশাপ? 'শ্বেতকালী' ট্রেলারে রহস্য সমাধান করতে মরিয়া ঐন্দ্রিলা-সাহেব-সৌরভ |url= https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/oindrila-sen-sourav-chakraborty-shaheb-bhattacherjee-starrer-shwetkali-trailer-is-out/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |website= Sangbad Pratidin |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series was streamed on [[Zee5]] on 23 February 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Zee5 series Shwetkali is a story of love lost, betrayal and hidden truths |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/the-zee5-series-shwetkali-is-a-story-of-love-lost-betrayal-and-hidden-truths/316254 |access-date=22 July 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=20 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> === Season 1 ===<br /> {{Episode table |background=#016640 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> |Title = Is The Rajbari Haunted?<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> |Title = The Curse of Kali<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary =<br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> |Title = Who Killed Gogol?<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> |Title = The Mysterious Shadow<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> |Title = The Bloodthirsty Shwetkali<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary =<br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> |Title = The Diary of Narendrapratap<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> |Title = The Impotent Zamindar<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> |EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> |Title = Case Closed?<br /> |DirectedBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |WrittenBy = Sani Ghose Ray<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|02|24}}<br /> |ShortSummary = <br /> |LineColor = #016640<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Critical reception ===<br /> Shamayita Chakraborty of ''[[HT Media|OTTplay]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and opined &quot;Shwetkali is a chilling thriller and is made with care. The maker takes great care in building the suspense. Another positive side of the show is its smart dialogue. They are precise and to the point. It doesn’t go over the top.&quot; She praised the acting of most of the cast as well as the introductory scenes of the murders but bemoaned the unclarity at certain points, the dialogue heavy climax and some repetitions during the scenes of ancient times.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Shamayita |title=Shwetkali review: Oindrila Sen, Sourav Chakraborty and Shaheb Bhattacherjee present a spine-chilling thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/shwetkali-review-oindrila-sen-and-shaheb-bhattacherjee-present-a-spine-chilling-thriller/fa03a81105101 |access-date=22 July 2025 |work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]] |date=22 July 2025}}{{rating|3.5|5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Sequel ==<br /> In 2023, [[ZEE5]] announced that a sequel to ''&quot;Shwetkali&quot;'' will be made and streamed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=‘শ্বেতকালী’র প্রথম সিজ়নের সাফল্যের পর এ বার আসছে দ্বিতীয় সিজ়ন! মুখ্য চরিত্রে রয়েছেন কারা? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/after-huge-success-of-shwetkali-web-series-makers-are-planning-to-come-with-the-second-season-dgtl/cid/1450139 |access-date=22 July 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=5 August 2023 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Primary conversations were underway as of 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Shamayita |title=Ankush’s Shikarpur and Oindrila Sen’s Shwetkali to get a season 2 |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ankushs-shikarpur-and-oindrila-sens-shwetkali-to-get-a-season-2/2d3cafac5850 |access-date=22 July 2025 |work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]] |date=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=tt26744306 }}<br /> * [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/shwetkali/0-6-4z5309801 ''Shwetkali''] on [[ZEE5]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian web series]]<br /> [[Category:Thriller web series]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Indian thriller television series]]<br /> [[Category:Acropoliis films]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Maharajganj&diff=509217 2026-02-21T10:31:12Z

<p>Surojits999: Added initial post more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|High school in Maharajganj, Bihar}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{promotional|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=May 2018}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox school<br /> | schooltype = Central Government<br /> | established = 2012<br /> | sister_school = All [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]s across [[India]]<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size = 170px<br /> | caption = Kendriya Vidyalaya logo<br /> | motto = ''Tattvaṃ Pūṣanapāvṛṇu''<br /> | motto_translation = &quot;The face of Truth is covered by a golden vessel, Remove Thou, O Sun, that covering, for the law of Truth to behold.&quot;<br /> | classes = Grade 5th-10th<br /> | chairman = Amit Kumar Pandey, IAS District Magistrate, Siwan<br /> | principal = Suresh Kumar, M.sc M.ed &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kvmaharajganj.org/ |title=Kendriya Vidyalaya Maharajganj, Siwan, Bihar :: Home Page |access-date=2018-05-12 |archive-date=2018-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513011425/http://www.kvmaharajganj.org/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | headmaster = Mr. Abhimanyu Yadav, M.sc. M.ed<br /> | language = [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]]<br /> | enrollment = approx 200<br /> | staff = 12(Permanent) 6(contractual)<br /> | sports = [[Association football|Football]], [[Cricket]], [[Volleyball]], [[Kabaddi]] and [[Kho kho]]<br /> | authority = [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]]<br /> | houses = Shivaji{{color box|red}}, Ashoka{{color box|green}}, Raman{{color box|blue}}, Tagore{{color box|yellow}}<br /> | colours = maroon (school colour) {{color box|maroon}}<br /> | song = &quot;Bhaarat ka svarnim gaurav kendreey vidyaalay laega&quot; (India's golden glory will bring Kendriya Vidyalaya)<br /> | campus_type = [[co-educational]]<br /> | schedule_type = Morning<br /> | schedule = <br /> | hours_in_day = 5-6 hrs<br /> | website = https://maharajganj.kvs.ac.in/<br /> | location = Ujaen, [[Maharajganj, Siwan|Maharajganj]], [[Siwan district]], [[Bihar]] 841233, India&lt;ref name=&quot;KVM-aboutus&quot;/&gt; <br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox anthem<br /> |title = <br /> |transcription =<br /> |english_title = Daya Kar Daan (KV Maharajganj Morning Prayer)<br /> |image =<br /> |image_size =<br /> |caption =<br /> |prefix = <br /> |country = <br /> |author = <br /> |composer = <br /> |lyrics_date =<br /> |music_date =<br /> |adopted =<br /> |sound =<br /> KV Morning Prayer- Daya kar daan.ogg<br /> |sound_title = K V Maharajganj Morning Prayer- ''Daya Kar Daan''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kendriya Vidyalaya Maharajganj''' is a secondary school affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE board]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) {{!}} Ministry of Education, GoI |url=https://www.cbse.gov.in/cbsenew/cbse.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=dsel.education.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Maharajganj, Siwan|Maharajganj]], [[Bihar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kvm-home&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kendriya Vidyalaya Maharajganj, Siwan, Bihar :: Home Page|url=https://www.kvmaharajganj.org/|website=www.kvmaharajganj.org|date=28 April 2018|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507003449/http://www.kvmaharajganj.org/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The current principal is Suresh Kumar.&lt;ref name=&quot;RO-Patna&quot;/&gt; It was established in 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;KVM-aboutus&quot;/&gt; It is a part of the [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://kvsangathan.nic.in/index.php?option=com_frontpage&amp;Itemid=55 Official website of KV Sangathan] {{dead link|date=May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; is the organization set up by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] (MHRD) to oversee the Kendriya Vidyalaya schools.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Annual Report, 2011-2012|url=http://kvsangathan.nic.in/AnnualReport/AR_2011-12.PDF|publisher=[[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]]|page=86|date=19 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; To cater to the educational needs of the children of Central government employees, K.V. Maharajganj started functioning with two hundred students in 2012{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}. It is a co-educational institution, with classes from V to X, affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE), [[New Delhi]].<br /> <br /> ==Management==<br /> This school is managed by [[Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan]], an autonomous organization of the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]]. Main affairs of school are looked after by the KVS regional office in [[Patna]]. Deputy Commissioner is head of Region and [[District magistrate|District Magistrate]] of the concerned district is the Chairman of the Vidyalaya Management Committee with local educationists, public representatives and officials from the District as members. The school principal is Suresh Kumar.&lt;ref name=&quot;RO-Patna&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Details of Principles|url=http://kvsropatna.org.in/PRINCIPALS.ASP|website=kvsropatna.org.in|publisher=Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan Regional Office Patna|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184359/http://kvsropatna.org.in/PRINCIPALS.ASP|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===School Session===<br /> The school year is from April to March. Days are divided into eight-periods with summer and winter timings. The order in which the classes meet varies from day to day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=KV Curricular Activity |url=https://maharajganj.kvs.ac.in/activities/co-curricular-activity}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Student council==<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=May 2018}}<br /> The [[Student Council]] is a body of student representatives, headed by the School Captain. It is made up of the captains of the teams and representatives from other co-curricular activities along with elected and nominated students of each class from grade VI through X. Parliamentary procedure is used at meetings and the main purpose of this group is to assist the Principal, staff, and students in fulfilling their responsibilities. The student members help maintain order in the school during the Assembly and breaks, in between classes, and also on days of important school events.<br /> <br /> The Student Council is elected every year (in April) through the election in the supervision of Principal and teachers.<br /> <br /> == Premises ==<br /> The school operates from a temporary building located in the campus of Shri Gauri Shankar Vidyalaya, Ujain, [[Maharajganj, Siwan|Maharajganj]], [[Siwan district]], [[Bihar]], India.&lt;ref name=&quot;KVM-aboutus&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About Us|url=https://www.kvmaharajganj.org/english-aboutus|website=www.kvmaharajganj.org|publisher=Kendriya Vidyalaya Maharajganj|date=27 March 2016|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510185227/https://www.kvmaharajganj.org/english-aboutus|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure===<br /> There are 5 classrooms, 1 science lab, a fully automated library, a computer lab, a children's playground, a cricket pitch, a volleyball court, and an athletics field.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=KV Maharajganj Facilities |url=https://maharajganj.kvs.ac.in/about-us/facilities}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Staff and curriculum ==<br /> [[File:School Uniform of Kendriya Vidyalaya Raebareli.jpg |thumb|upright=0.7 |School Uniform of Kendriya Vidyalaya Maharajganj]]<br /> The staff consists of 10 teachers, supervised by the Principal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Staff Members|url=http://www.kvmaharajganj.org/english-staff|website=www.kvmaharajganj.org|publisher=Kendriya Vidyalaya Maharajganj|date=14 March 2018|access-date=21 May 2018|archive-date=21 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521191631/http://www.kvmaharajganj.org/english-staff|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Statue of Goddess Saraswati at Kendriya Vidyalaya Raebareli.jpg| Statue of Goddess Saraswati at Kendriya Vidyalaya Maharajganj <br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Kendriya Vidyalayas]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Siwan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kendriya Vidyalayas]]<br /> [[Category:Education in Siwan district]]<br /> <br /> {{Siwan-education-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumi_Mor_Matho_Mor&diff=542112 2026-02-18T16:37:39Z

<p>Surojits999: Starting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Tumi Mur Mathu Mur<br /> | image = <br /> <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | producer = [[Debo Borkotoky]]<br /> | writer = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | screenplay = [[Zubeen Garg]] &lt;br /&gt; Amulya Kakati &lt;br /&gt; Pabitra Margherita<br /> | narrator = <br /> | starring = [[Zubeen Garg]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jatin Bora]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zerifa Wahid]]&lt;br&gt;[[Prastuti Porasor]]<br /> | music = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | cinematography =<br /> | editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]<br /> | studio = <br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|2000|02|25|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 165 min<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]<br /> }}<br /> '''''Tumi Mur Mathu Mur''''' is a 2000 Indian Assamese romantic-drama film directed by [[Zubeen Garg]] in his directorial debut and produced by Debo Borkotoky.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A record dozen in 2001|url=http://www.vedanti.com/Video/Movies/Movies.htm|date=21 February 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010221025453/http://www.vedanti.com/Video/Movies/Movies.htm|archive-date=21 February 2001|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Vedanti.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was released on 25 February 2000 coincided with ''[[Hiya Diya Niya]]'', also starting Jatin Bora.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-03-07 |title=Northeast's Sensation Zubeen Garg: Early Life, Career, Awards &amp; Controversies - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/entertainment/wikipedia-of-northeasts-singing-sensation-zubeen-garg-527402 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017200643/https://www.sentinelassam.com/entertainment/wikipedia-of-northeasts-singing-sensation-zubeen-garg-527402 |archive-date=17 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=Sentinel Assam}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> *[[Zubeen Garg]] as Rishiraj Baruah<br /> *[[Zerifa Wahid]] as Paahi Baruah <br /> *[[Prastuti Porasor]] as Tina<br /> *[[Jatin Bora]] as Raja<br /> *[[Nipon Goswami]] as Paahi's father <br /> *[[Mridula Baruah]] as Rishiraj's mother <br /> *[[Chetana Das]]<br /> *Hiranya Deka as Professor<br /> *Jonkie Borthakur <br /> *[[Pabitra Margherita]] as Arunabh <br /> *Rajesh Bhuyan<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Tumi Mur Mathu Mur<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | border = yes<br /> | alt = Tumi Mur Mathu Mur Audio CD cover<br /> | released = October 1999 {{small|(Audio Cassette)}} &lt;br /&gt; January 2000 {{small|(Audio CD)}}<br /> | recorded = 1999<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]], &lt;br /&gt; [[Pop Music|Pop]]<br /> | length = 41:43 {{small|(Audio Cassette)}} &lt;br /&gt; 44:43 {{small|(Audio CD)}}<br /> | language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]<br /> | label = NK Production<br /> | producer = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | prev_title = <br /> | year = 1999<br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = '''[[Hiya Diya Niya]]'''<br /> | next_year = 1999<br /> }}<br /> The music soundtrack of ''Tumi Mur Mathu Mur'' was composed and penned by [[Zubeen Garg]] in his first film as a music director along with his another film [[Hiya Diya Niya]]. The vocals were performed by [[Zubeen Garg]], Jonkie Borthakur, [[Sagarika]], Shanta Uzir and Luna Sonowal. The album contains 10 tracks included one bonus track and one hidden track.<br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Artist(s)<br /> | total_length = <br /> | title1 = Puhorore Saki<br /> | extra1 = [[Zubeen Garg]], Luna Sonowal<br /> | length1 = 5:11<br /> | title2 = Aetia Hiya Mur<br /> | extra2 = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | length2 = 5:32<br /> | title3 = Kije Pale Tumak<br /> | extra3 = [[Zubeen Garg]], Jonkie Borthakur<br /> | length3 = 5:08<br /> | title4 = Kune Ringiyai<br /> | extra4 = Zubeen Garg<br /> | length4 = 4:24<br /> | title5 = Soku Meli Sawte<br /> | extra5 = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | length5 = 4:06<br /> | title6 = Mayabi Ei Raati<br /> | extra6 = [[Zubeen Garg]], [[Sagarika]]<br /> | length6 = 6:28<br /> | title7 = Gun Gun<br /> | extra7 = [[Zubeen Garg]], Shanta Uzir<br /> | length7 = 6:27<br /> | title8 = Rod Aaji<br /> | extra8 = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | length8 = 5:07<br /> | title9 = Tumi Mur Mathu Mur<br /> | note9 = Title Song<br /> | extra9 = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | length9 = 2:00<br /> | title10 = Untitled Song<br /> | note10 = Hidden Track<br /> | extra10 = [[Zubeen Garg]]<br /> | length10 = 1:00<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|8561732}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Films set in Assam]]<br /> [[Category:2000 films]]<br /> [[Category:2000 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2000s Assamese-language films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Assamese-film-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odisha&diff=450283 2026-02-14T13:18:17Z

<p>Surojits999: Article updated with improved flow</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|State in Eastern India}}<br /> {{About|the state of India|the flowering plant|Odisha cleistantha|other uses|Odisha (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Redirect|Orissa|other uses|Orissa (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> {{pp-move|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian state or territory<br /> | name = Odisha<br /> | official_name = State of Odisha<br /> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br /> | photo1a = Konarka Temple.jpg<br /> | photo1b = Deomali peak.jpg<br /> | photo2a = Beautiful Sun Set.jpg<br /> | photo2b =Puri Ratha Yatra.jpg<br /> | photo3a = Shri Jagannatha Temple.jpg<br /> | photo3b = Chilika Bhubaneswar.me.jpg<br /> | photo4a = Bhitarkanika Crocodile.jpg<br /> | photo4b = Ratnagiri (29).JPG<br /> | photo5a = Lingaraj temple Bhubaneswar.jpg<br /> | photo5b =Hirakud Dam.jpg<br /> | position = centre<br /> | spacing = 5<br /> | color_border = white<br /> | color = black<br /> | size = 330<br /> }}<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = '''Zigzag from Top-left:''' [[Konark Sun Temple]], [[Deomali (mountain)|Deomali]], [[Chandipur, Odisha|Chandipur Beach]], [[Ratha Yatra (Puri)|Ratha Yatra]], [[Jagannath Temple]], <br /> [[Chilika Lake]], [[Bhitarkanika National Park]], [[Ratnagiri, Odisha|Ratnagiri]], [[Lingaraj Temple]], [[Hirakud Dam]]<br /> | type = State<br /> | image_seal = Seal of Odisha.svg<br /> | etymology = &quot;Land of the [[Odia people|Odias]]&quot;<br /> | nicknames = Soul of India&lt;br /&gt;India’s Best Kept Secret<br /> | motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] ([[Sanskrit]])&lt;br&gt;&quot;Truth alone triumphs&quot;{{force singular}}<br /> | anthem = [[Bande Utkala Janani]] ([[Odia language|Odia]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2005/ORA-2005.htm |title=Orissa Annual Reference 2005 |access-date=9 June 2012 |archive-date=27 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627130051/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2005/ORA-2005.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2016/April/engpdf/odisha%20review-2016_april.pdf |title=Odisha Review 2016 |access-date=1 April 2018 |archive-date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101410/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2016/April/engpdf/odisha%20review-2016_april.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala&quot;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> [[File:Bande Utkala Janani Odia.ogg]]<br /> | image_map = IN-OD.svg<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|20.27|85.82|region:IN-OD_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}<br /> | region = East India<br /> | before_was = [[Orissa Province]]<br /> | formation_date4 = {{start date and age|1936|4|1|df=y}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Utkala Dibasa]]<br /> | capital = Bhubaneswar<br /> | largest city = Bhubaneswar<br /> | districts = [[List of districts of Odisha|30 (3 divisions)]]<br /> | Governor = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]<br /> | Chief_Minister = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]<br /> | Deputy_CM = [[Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Pravati Parida]]<br /> | legislature_type = Unicameral<br /> | assembly = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | assembly_seats = 147 seats<br /> | rajya_sabha_seats = 10 seats<br /> | lok_sabha_seats = 21 seats<br /> | judiciary = [[Odisha High Court]]<br /> | area_total_km2 = 155707<br /> | area_rank = 8th<br /> | length_km = 500<br /> | width_km = 1030<br /> | elevation_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Socio-economic Profile&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title=Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh) | publisher=Centre for Rural Studies, L.B.S. National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-8069-723-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi_rz0_1ELUC&amp;pg=PA73 | access-date=16 August 2019 | page=73}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | elevation_max_m = 1,672<br /> | elevation_max_point = [[Deomali (mountain)|Deomali]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deomali Peak in Koraput India |url=https://www.india9.com/i9show/Deomali-Peak-57564.htm |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=india9.com |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324211121/https://www.india9.com/i9show/Deomali-Peak-57564.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | elevation_min_m = 0<br /> | elevation_min_point = [[Bay of Bengal]]<br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;CensusIndia2011PCA12018&quot;/&gt;<br /> | population_total = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 41,974,218<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = 11th<br /> | population_density = 307/km<br /> | population_urban = 16.68%<br /> | population_rural = 83.32%<br /> | population_demonym = [[Odia people|Odia]]<br /> | 0fficial_Langs = [[Odia language|Odia]] &amp; [[English language|English]]&lt;ref<br /> name=nclmanurep2010&gt;{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=122–126 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |access-date=16 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | official_script = [[Odia script]]<br /> | GDP_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;MOSPI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/odisha-budget-analysis-2020-21|title=Odisha Budget analysis|date=18 February 2020|website=PRS India|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029164451/https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/odisha-budget-analysis-2020-21|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | GDP_total = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|8.65|t|lk=r}}<br /> | GDP_year = 2023–24<br /> | GDP_rank = 15th<br /> | GDP_per_capita = {{INRConvert|182548}} (2023-24) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ODISHA Economic Survey Page 13 |url=https://pc.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-07/OES%20Chapter_1%28Main%20Booklet%29_0.pdf |website=ODISHA Economic Survey |access-date=8 September 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226083451/https://pc.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-07/OES%20Chapter_1%28Main%20Booklet%29_0.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{IncreasePositive}}<br /> | GDP_per_capita_rank = 21st<br /> | HDI = {{Increase}}0.610 {{color|#DECA57|Medium}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India: Subnational HDI |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/ |website=Global Data Labs |access-date=8 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | HDI_year = 2022<br /> | HDI_rank = 33rd<br /> | literacy = 79.0%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/AnnualReport_PLFS2023-24L2.pdf |title=Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) (July 2023 – June 2024) |date=23 September 2024 |publisher=National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India |pages=A-10 |chapter=Appendix-A: Detailed tables, Table (7): Literacy rate (in per cent) of persons of different age groups for each State/UT (persons, age-group (years): 7 &amp; above, rural+urban (column 6))}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | literacy_year = 2024<br /> | literacy_rank = 25th<br /> | sex_ratio = 979[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019–2021)|url=https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14|website=Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India|access-date=8 January 2023|archive-date=8 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108164803/https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | sexratio_year = 2011<br /> | sexratio_rank = 9th<br /> | iso_code = IN-OD&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|title=Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | registration_plate = OD&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/Sep/01/vehicle-registration-number-od-to-replace-or-from-today-402096.html|title=Vehicle registration number: OD to replace OR from today|access-date=21 June 2012|archive-date=18 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318132053/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/Sep/01/vehicle-registration-number-od-to-replace-or-from-today-402096.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | website = odisha.gov.in<br /> | foundation_day = Utkala Dibas<br /> | mammal = [[Sambar deer|Sambar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orissareview&quot;/&gt;<br /> | bird = [[Indian roller]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Palapitta: How a mindless dasara ritual is killing our state bird palapitta – Hyderabad News | website=The Times of India | date=29 September 2017 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/how-a-mindless-dasara-ritual-is-killing-our-state-bird-palapitta/articleshow/60872593.cms | access-date=7 October 2019 | archive-date=2 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102011836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/how-a-mindless-dasara-ritual-is-killing-our-state-bird-palapitta/articleshow/60872593.cms | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf | title=Blue Jay | publisher=Orissa Review |year=2005 | access-date=7 October 2019 | archive-date=7 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007123050/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | fish = [[Tor tor|Mahanadi mahseer]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=State Fishes of India|url=http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|publisher=National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India|access-date=25 December 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010035036/http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Fish%20%26%20Fisheries%20of%20India/2.State%20Fishes%20of%20India.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | flower = [[Saraca asoca|Asoka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orissareview&quot;/&gt;<br /> | tree = [[Ficus religiosa|Sacred Fig]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orissareview&quot;&gt;{{citation |url= http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf |title= Blue Jay |publisher= Orissa Review |page= 87 |year= 2005 |access-date= 7 October 2019 |archive-date= 7 October 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191007123050/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/apr2005/englishpdf/bluelay.pdf |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | url=http://rprcbbsr.in/View/Downloads/Ficusreligiosa18_11_2014.pdf | title=Pipal(Ficus religiosa) – The State Tree of Odisha | publisher=RPRC |year=2014 | access-date=29 November 2020 | archive-date=9 December 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209124534/http://rprcbbsr.in/View/Downloads/Ficusreligiosa18_11_2014.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | image_highway = SH IN-OD.png<br /> | SH_numbers = [[List of state highways in Odisha|OD SH1 – OD SH57]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Odisha''' ({{Indic Transl|or|oṛiśā|oˈɽisa|Or-ଓଡ଼ିଶା.oga}}), spelled '''Orissa''' until 2011,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Odisha Name Alteration Act, 2011 |url=https://1drv.ms/b/s!AoSY7m8bBHQlkxQHTN0wGaU6x_Ux?e=VwyO2n |access-date=23 September 2011 |publisher=eGazette of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[States and union territories of India|state]] located in [[East India|Eastern India]]. It is the [[List of states and union territories of India by area|eighth-largest state by area]], and the [[List of states and union territories of India by population|eleventh-largest by population]], with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&amp;PL=1|title=ST &amp; SC Development, Minorities &amp; Backward Classes Welfare Department:: Government of Odisha|website=stscodisha.gov.in|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901131912/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&amp;PL=1|archive-date=1 September 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; It neighbours the states of [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]] to the north, [[Chhattisgarh]] to the west, and [[Andhra Pradesh]] to the south. Odisha has a [[coastline]] of {{convert|485|km}} along the [[Bay of Bengal]] in the [[Indian Ocean]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CoastalSecurity&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Coastal security |publisher=[[Odisha Police]] |url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/163 |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206043803/http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node%2F163 |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The region is also known as '''Utkaḷa''' and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, [[Jana Gana Mana]].<br /> <br /> The ancient kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], which was invaded by the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] Emperor [[Ashoka]] in 261 BCE resulting in the [[Kalinga War]], coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha.&lt;ref name=GovHistory&gt;{{cite web|title=Detail History of Orissa|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|publisher=[[Government of Odisha]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|archive-date=12 November 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; The modern boundaries of Odisha were demarcated by the [[British India]]n government, the [[Orissa Province]] was established on 1 April 1936, consisting of the Odia-speaking districts of [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[Madras Presidency]] and [[Central Provinces]].&lt;ref name=GovHistory /&gt; [[Odisha Day|Utkala Divas]] ({{literally|Odisha Day}}) is celebrated on 1 April.&lt;ref name=&quot;FlavoursOfOdisha&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Utkala Dibasa hails colours, flavours of Odisha|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|access-date=1 February 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708211533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Cuttack]] was made the capital of the region by [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] in {{circa|1135}},&lt;ref name=&quot;Chakraborty1985&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Chakraborty|title=National Integration in Historical Perspective: A Cultural Regeneration in Eastern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&amp;pg=PA17|access-date=30 November 2012|year=1985|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=17–|id=GGKEY:CNFHULBK119|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515095045/http://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&amp;pg=PA17|archive-date=15 May 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1948. Thereafter, [[Bhubaneswar]] became the capital of Odisha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalia1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Ravi Kalia|title=Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&amp;pg=PA23|access-date=2 February 2015|year=1994|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-1876-6|page=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&amp;pg=PA23|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> {{See also|History of Odisha#Historical names of Odisha}}<br /> The terms ''Odisha'' and ''Orissa'' ({{Langx|or|ଓଡ଼ିଶା}}, ''Oṛissa'') derive from the ancient [[Prakrit]] word ''&quot;Odda Visaya&quot;'' (also &quot;''Udra Bibhasha''&quot; or &quot;''Odra Bibhasha''&quot;) as in the [[Tirumalai (Jain complex)|Tirumalai]] inscription of [[Rajendra Chola I]], which is dated to 1025.&lt;ref name=orissareview&gt;{{cite book|last1=Patel|first1=C.B|title=Origin and Evolution of the Name ODISA|date=April 2010|publisher=I&amp;PR Department, Government of Odisha|location=Bhubaneswar|pages=28, 29, 30|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/April/engpdf/28-30.pdf|access-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619163833/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/April/engpdf/28-30.pdf|archive-date=19 June 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sarala Das]], who translated the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' into the [[Odia language]] in the 15th century, calls the region 'Odra Rashtra' as Odisha. The inscriptions of [[Kapilendra Deva]] of the [[Gajapati Kingdom]] (1435–67) on the walls of temples in [[Puri]] call the region ''Odisha'' or ''Odisha Rajya''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Acharya2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Pritish Acharya|title=National Movement and Politics in Orissa, 1920–1929|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LoaHAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR19|access-date=3 February 2015|date=11 March 2008|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-321-0001-0|page=19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=LoaHAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR19|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2011, the English rendering of {{Langx|or|ଓଡ଼ିଶା|label=none}} was changed from &quot;Orissa&quot; to &quot;Odisha&quot;, and the name of its language from &quot;Oriya&quot; to &quot;Odia&quot;, by the passage of the ''Orissa (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2010'' and the ''Constitution (113th Amendment) Bill, 2010'' in the [[Indian Parliament|Parliament]]. The Hindi rendering {{Langx|hi|उड़ीसा|label=none}} ({{transliteration|hi|ISO|uṛīsā}}) was also modified to {{Langx|hi|ओड़िशा|label=none}} ({{transliteration|hi|ISO|or̥iśā}}). After a brief debate, the lower house, [[Lok Sabha]], passed the bill and amendment on 9 November 2010.&lt;ref name=AmidClashBillPass&gt;{{cite news|title=Amid clash, House passes Bills to rename Orissa, its language|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amid-clash-house-passes-bills-to-rename-orissa-its-language/article876145.ece|access-date=2 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amid-clash-house-passes-bills-to-rename-orissa-its-language/article876145.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 24 March 2011, [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of [[Parliament]], also passed the bill and the amendment.&lt;ref name=ChangeOrissaName&gt;{{cite news|title=Parliament passes bill to change Orissa's name|url=http://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=24 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203144151/http://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027|archive-date=3 February 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The changes in spelling were made with the intention of having the English and Hindi renditions conform to the Odia transliteration.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Orissa wants to change its name to Odisha|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/10orissa.htm|access-date=23 June 2020|publisher=[[Rediff.com]]|date=10 June 2008|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125022611/https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/10orissa.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the underlying Odia texts were nevertheless transliterated incorrectly as per the [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian system]], the official national transliteration standard, in which the transliterations would be {{transliteration|or|hunterian|Orisha}} and {{transliteration|or|hunterian|Oria}} instead.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> {{Main|History of Odisha|Historic sites in Odisha}}<br /> <br /> [[File:The Specific Angel of Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Lingaraja Temple]] built by the Somavanshi king Jajati Keshari]]<br /> Prehistoric [[Acheulian]] tools dating to [[Lower Paleolithic]] era have been discovered in various places in the region, implying an early settlement by humans.&lt;ref name=Ghosh2012&gt;{{cite book|title=An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology|year=1990|publisher=BRILL|page=24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wba-EZhZcfgC&amp;q=Acheulian%20orissa&amp;pg=PA25|author=Amalananda Ghosh|isbn=9004092641|access-date=29 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wba-EZhZcfgC&amp;lpg=PA25&amp;ots=zRfcBno4vb&amp;dq=Acheulian%20orissa&amp;pg=PA25#v=onepage&amp;q=Acheulian%20orissa&amp;f=false|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalinga has been mentioned in ancient texts like ''[[Mahabharata]]'', ''[[Vayu Purana]]'' and ''Mahagovinda Suttanta''.&lt;ref name=sonofvaruna&gt;{{cite book|title=An Introduction to Epic Philosophy: Epic Period, History, Literature, Pantheon, Philosophy, Traditions, and Mythology, Volume 3|year=2004|publisher=Genesis Publishing|page=784|isbn=9788177558814|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwHj-Z-dMcsC&amp;q=Srutayudha&amp;pg=PA784|editor=Subodh Kapoor|access-date=10 November 2012|quote=Finally Srutayudha, a valiant hero, was son Varuna and of the river Parnasa.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=uwHj-Z-dMcsC&amp;lpg=PA784&amp;dq=Srutayudha&amp;pg=PA784|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vayu&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna|year=1946|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Pub.|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&amp;q=bali%20sudesna&amp;pg=PA46|author=Devendrakumar Rajaram Patil|isbn=9788120820852|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&amp;lpg=PA46&amp;dq=bali%20sudesna&amp;pg=PA46#v=onepage&amp;q=bali%20sudesna&amp;f=false|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga [[janapada]] originally comprised the area covered by the [[Puri district|Puri]] and [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] districts.&lt;ref&gt;Sudama Misra (1973). ''Janapada state in ancient India''. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. p. 78.&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Sabar people]] of Odisha have also been mentioned in the Mahabharata.&lt;ref name=&quot;DanceBow&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Dance bow (1965.3.5)|url=http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/weapons/index.php/tour-by-region/asia/asia/arms-and-armour-asia-141/index.html|publisher=[[Pitt Rivers Museum]]|access-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202160400/http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/weapons/index.php/tour-by-region/asia/asia/arms-and-armour-asia-141/index.html|archive-date=2 February 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pati2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Pati|title=Family Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&amp;pg=PA97|access-date=2 February 2015|date=1 January 2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|page=97|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&amp;pg=PA97|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Baudhayana sutras|Baudhayana]] mentions Kalinga as not yet being influenced by [[Vedic]] traditions, implying it followed mostly tribal traditions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chatterjee1998&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Suhas Chatterjee|title=Indian Civilization And Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&amp;pg=PA68|access-date=11 February 2013|date=1 January 1998|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7533-083-2|page=68|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515091723/http://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&amp;pg=PA68|archive-date=15 May 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Hathigumpha.JPG|thumb|200px|right|[[Hathigumpha inscription|Hathigumpha]] on the [[Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves|Udayagiri Hills]] built in {{Circa|{{BCE|150}}}}]]<br /> [[File:Shanti Stupa, Dhauli 01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Dhauli|Shanti Stupa at Dhauli]] is the location where [[Kalinga War]] was fought in {{Circa|{{BCE|260}}}}]]<br /> [[Ashoka]] of the [[Mauryan]] dynasty conquered Kalinga in the bloody [[Kalinga War]] in 261 BCE,&lt;ref name=ashoka&gt;{{cite book|title=A History of India|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|page=66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&amp;q=ashoka%20261%20BC%20history&amp;pg=PA66|author=Hermann Kulke|author2=Dietmar Rothermund|isbn=9780415329194|access-date=12 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&amp;lpg=PA66&amp;dq=ashoka%20261%20BC%20history&amp;pg=PA66#v=onepage&amp;q=ashoka%20261%20BC%20history&amp;f=false|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was the eighth year of his reign.&lt;ref name=&quot;Radhakumud1995&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Mookerji Radhakumud|title=Asoka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&amp;pg=PA214|access-date=6 August 2015|year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0582-8|page=214|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&amp;pg=PA214|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to his own [[edicts]], in that war about 100,000 people were killed, 150,000 were captured and more were affected.&lt;ref name=ashoka /&gt; The resulting bloodshed and suffering of the war is said to have deeply affected Ashoka. He turned into a pacifist and converted to Buddhism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Radhakumud1995&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sen1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&amp;pg=PA153|access-date=6 August 2015|date=1 January 1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|page=153|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&amp;pg=PA153|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By c. 150 BCE, Emperor [[Kharavela]], who was possibly a contemporary of [[Demetrius I of Bactria]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Texas2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Austin Patrick Olivelle Alma Cowden Madden Centennial Professor in Liberal Arts University of Texas|title=Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=3 February 2015|date=19 June 2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-977507-1|page=78|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&amp;pg=PA78|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; conquered a major part of the Indian sub-continent. Kharavela was a [[Jain]] ruler. He also built the monastery atop the [[Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves|Udayagiri]] hill.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reddy2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Reddy|title=Indian Hist (Opt)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC&amp;pg=SL1-PA253|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 December 2006|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-063577-7|page=A254|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC&amp;pg=SL1-PA253|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, the region was ruled by monarchs, such as [[Samudragupta]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Indian History|year = 1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&amp;pg=PA74|access-date=3 February 2015|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-8424-568-4|page=74|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&amp;pg=PA74|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Shashanka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Ronald M. Davidson|title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC&amp;pg=PT60|access-date=3 February 2015|date=13 August 2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-50102-6|page=60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC&amp;pg=PT60|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was also a part of [[Harsha]]'s empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;Majumdar1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=R. C. Majumdar|title=Outline of the History of Kalinga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LNCcpkqesJ0C&amp;pg=PA28|access-date=3 February 2015|year=1996|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1194-8|page=28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=LNCcpkqesJ0C&amp;pg=PA28|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The city of [[Brahmapur, Odisha|Brahmapur]] in Odisha is also known to have been the capital of the [[Pauravas]] during the closing years of 4th century CE. Nothing was heard from the Pauravas from about the 3rd century CE, because they were annexed by the [[Yaudheya|Yaudheya Republic]], who in turn submitted to the [[Mauryans]]. It was only at the end of 4th century CE, that they established royalty at Brahmapur, after about 700 years.<br /> <br /> Later, the kings of the [[Somavaṃśī dynasty|Somavamsi]] dynasty began to unite the region. By the reign of Yayati II, c. 1025 CE, they had integrated the region into a single kingdom. Yayati II is supposed to have built the [[Lingaraj temple]] at [[Bhubaneswar]].&lt;ref name=GovHistory /&gt; They were replaced by the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]. Notable rulers of the dynasty were [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]], who began reconstruction on the present-day Shri [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] in [[Puri]] (c. 1135), and [[Narasimhadeva I]], who constructed the [[Konark temple]] (c. 1250).&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalal2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87k0AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT559|access-date=3 February 2015|date=18 April 2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-396-7|page=559|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=87k0AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT559|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IndianHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Indian History| year=1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4j7Nf_MU24C&amp;pg=SL2-PA3|access-date=3 May 2013|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-132923-1|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101141813/http://books.google.com/books?id=X4j7Nf_MU24C&amp;pg=SL2-PA3|archive-date=1 January 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Eastern Ganga Dynasty was followed by the [[Gajapati Kingdom]]. The region resisted integration into the [[Mughal Empire]] until 1568, when it was conquered by [[Sultanate of Bengal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sen2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 |pages=121–122}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mukunda Deva, who is considered the last independent king of Kalinga, was defeated and was killed in battle by a rebel Ramachandra Bhanja. Ramachandra Bhanja himself was killed by [[Bayazid Khan Karrani]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Orissa General Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMCbjkhA_ncC&amp;pg=PA27|access-date=3 February 2015|publisher=Bright Publications|isbn=978-81-7199-574-5|page=27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=hMCbjkhA_ncC&amp;pg=PA27|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1591, [[Man Singh I]], then governor of [[Bihar]], led an army to take Odisha from the [[List of rulers of Bengal#Karrani dynasty (Mughal vassals)|Karranis of Bengal]]. They agreed to treaty because their leader Qutlu Khan Lohani had recently died. But they then broke the treaty by attacking the temple town of [[Puri]]. Man Singh returned in 1592 and pacified the region.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'malley2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=L.S.S. O'Malley|title=Bengal District Gazetteer : Puri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pwD0-YV2LCYC&amp;pg=PA33|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7268-138-8|page=33|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=pwD0-YV2LCYC&amp;pg=PA33|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1751, the Nawab of Bengal [[Alivardi Khan]] ceded the region to the [[Maratha Empire]].&lt;ref name=GovHistory /&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[British India|British]] had occupied the [[Northern Circars]], comprising the southern coast of Odisha, as a result of the [[Carnatic Wars|Second Carnatic War]] by 1760, and incorporated them into the [[Madras Presidency]] gradually.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sen2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=An Advanced History of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&amp;pg=PA9|access-date=3 February 2015|year=2010|publisher=Macmillan India|isbn=978-0-230-32885-3|page=32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&amp;pg=PA9|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1803, the British ousted the Marathas from the Puri-Cuttack region of Odisha during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]. The northern and western districts of Odisha were incorporated into the [[Bengal Presidency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bandita1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Devi|first=Bandita|title=Some Aspects of British Administration in Orissa, 1912–1936|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&amp;pg=PA14|date=January 1992|publisher=Academic Foundation|isbn=978-81-7188-072-0|page=14|access-date=5 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221202033/https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&amp;pg=PA14|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Orissa famine of 1866]] caused an estimated 1 million deaths.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dando2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=William A. Dando|title=Food and Famine in the 21st Century &amp;#91;2 volumes&amp;#93;|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4cat-5-NeIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA47|access-date=3 February 2015|date=13 February 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-731-4|page=47|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=R4cat-5-NeIC&amp;pg=RA1-PA47|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following this, large-scale [[irrigation]] projects were undertaken.&lt;ref name=&quot;SamalNayak1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=J. K. Samal|author2=Pradip Kumar Nayak|title=Makers of Modern Orissa: Contributions of Some Leading Personalities of Orissa in the 2nd Half of the 19th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ewpJNpCLJgC&amp;pg=PA32|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-322-9|page=32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ewpJNpCLJgC&amp;pg=PA32|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1903, the [[Utkal Sammilani]] organisation was founded to demand the unification of [[Odia language|Odia]]-speaking regions into one state.&lt;ref name=&quot;PADHY2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=K.S. Padhy|title=Indian Political Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZVopB0GNPQC&amp;pg=PA287|access-date=3 February 2015|date=30 July 2011|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-203-4305-4|page=287|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=sZVopB0GNPQC&amp;pg=PA287|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 1 April 1912, the [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] was formed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jha2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Usha Jha|title=Land, Labour, and Power: Agrarian Crisis and the State in Bihar (1937–52)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHAMkZGI_OoC&amp;pg=PA246|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Aakar Books|isbn=978-81-87879-07-7|page=246|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=lHAMkZGI_OoC&amp;pg=PA246|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 1 April 1936, [[Bihar]] and Orissa were split into separate provinces.&lt;ref name=&quot;Devi1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Bandita Devi|title=Some Aspects of British Administration in Orissa, 1912–1936|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&amp;pg=PA214|access-date=3 February 2015|date=1 January 1992|publisher=Academic Foundation|isbn=978-81-7188-072-0|page=214|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&amp;pg=PA214|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The new [[Orissa Province|province of Orissa]] came into existence on a linguistic basis during the British rule in India, with Sir John Austen Hubback as the first governor.&lt;ref name=&quot;Devi1992&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=Hubback&gt;{{cite news|title=Hubback's memoirs: First Governor Of State Reserved Tone Of Mild Contempt For Indians|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101129/jsp/orissa/story_13234116.jsp|access-date=3 February 2015|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|date=29 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204200041/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101129/jsp/orissa/story_13234116.jsp|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following [[India's independence]], on 15 August 1947, 27 [[princely state]]s signed the document to join Orissa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Krishna2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=B. Krishna|title=India's Bismarck, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sLr7z6gNcV0C&amp;pg=PA243|access-date=3 February 2015|year=2007|publisher=Indus Source|isbn=978-81-88569-14-4|pages=243–244|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=sLr7z6gNcV0C&amp;pg=PA243|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Most of the [[Orissa Tributary States]], a group of princely states, acceded to Orissa in 1948, after the collapse of the [[Eastern States Union]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Merger of the Princely States of Odisha – History of Odisha|date=5 April 2018|url=https://www.historyofodisha.in/merger-of-the-princely-states-of-odisha/|language=en-US|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929021821/https://www.historyofodisha.in/merger-of-the-princely-states-of-odisha/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> {{Main|Geography of Odisha}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Chahata near mahanadi river.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Mahanadi]] river near Cuttack]]<br /> Odisha lies between the latitudes 17.780N and 22.730N, and between longitudes 81.37E and 87.53E. The state has an area of 155,707&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, which is 4.87% of total area of India, and a coastline of 450&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=GeographyKnowIndia&gt;{{cite web|title=Geography of Odisha|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81|website=Know India|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204220248/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the eastern part of the state lies the coastal plain. It extends from the [[Subarnarekha River]] in the north to the [[Rushikulya]] River in the south. The lake [[Chilika]] is part of the coastal plains. The plains are rich in fertile [[silt]] deposited by the six major rivers flowing into the [[Bay of Bengal]]: [[Subarnarekha river|Subarnarekha]], [[Budhabalanga]], [[Baitarani]], [[Brahmani River|Brahmani]], [[Mahanadi]], and [[Rushikulya]].&lt;ref name=GeographyKnowIndia /&gt; The [[National Rice Research Institute]] (NRRI), a [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]-recognised rice [[gene bank]] and research institute, is situated on the banks of Mahanadi in [[Cuttack]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cuttack |url=http://odisha.gov.in/ |publisher=[[Government of Odisha]] |access-date=6 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206115854/http://odisha.gov.in//portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&amp;vchplinkid=PL066&amp;vchslinkid=SL050 |archive-date=6 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The stretch between Puri and Bhadrak in Odisha juts out a little into the sea, making it vulnerable to any cyclonic activity.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Alakananda |last2=Priyadarshini |first2=Subhra |title=Why Odisha is a sitting duck for extreme cyclones |journal=Nature India |date=29 May 2019 |doi=10.1038/nindia.2019.69 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |url=https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2019.69 |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805184844/https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2019.69 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Satellite view of the [[Mahanadi]] [[river delta]]]]<br /> Three-quarters of the state is covered in mountain ranges. Deep and broad valleys have been made in them by rivers. These valleys have fertile soil and are densely populated. Odisha also has [[plateau]]s and [[Highland|rolling uplands]], which have lower elevation than the plateaus.&lt;ref name=GeographyKnowIndia /&gt; The [[List of Indian states and union territories by highest point|highest point in the state]] is [[Deomali (mountain)|Deomali]] at 1,672 metres in [[Koraput district]]. Some other high peaks are: Sinkaram (1,620&amp;nbsp;m), Golikoda (1,617&amp;nbsp;m), and Yendrika (1,582 metres).&lt;ref name=&quot;Socio-economic Profile&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Climate ===<br /> The state experiences four [[Season#Modern mid-latitude meteorological|meteorological seasons]]: [[Climate of India#winter|winter]] (January to February), [[Climate of India#Summer|pre-monsoon season]] (March to May), [[Climate of India#Monsoon|south-west monsoon season]] (June to September) and [[October Heat|north east monsoon season]] (October–December). However, locally the year is divided into six traditional seasons (or ''[[Ritu (Indian season)|rutus]]''): ''Grishma'' (summer), ''Barsha'' (rainy season), ''Sharata'' (autumn), ''Hemanta'' (dewy),''Sheeta''(winter season) and ''Basanta'' (spring).&lt;ref name=GeographyKnowIndia /&gt;<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;13&quot;|Mean Temp and Precipitation of Selected Weather Stations&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Monthly mean maximum &amp; minimum temperature and total rainfall based upon 1901–2000 data |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/climateimp.pdf |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413020426/http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/climateimp.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Bhubaneswar&lt;br /&gt;(1952–2000)<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Balasore&lt;br /&gt;(1901–2000)<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Gopalpur&lt;br /&gt;(1901–2000)<br /> !colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Sambalpur&lt;br /&gt;(1901–2000)<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Max (°C)<br /> !Min (°C)<br /> !Rainfall (mm)<br /> !Max (°C)<br /> !Min (°C)<br /> !Rainfall (mm)<br /> !Max (°C)<br /> !Min (°C)<br /> !Rainfall (mm)<br /> !Max (°C)<br /> !Min (°C)<br /> !Rainfall (mm)<br /> |-<br /> |'''January'''||28.5||15.5||13.1||27.0||13.9||17.0||27.2||16.9||11.0||27.6||12.6||14.2<br /> |-<br /> |'''February'''||31.6||18.6||25.5||29.5||16.7||36.3||28.9||19.5||23.6||30.1||15.1||28.0<br /> |-<br /> |'''March'''||35.1||22.3||25.2||33.7||21.0||39.4||30.7||22.6||18.1||35.0||19.0||20.9<br /> |-<br /> |'''April'''||37.2||25.1||30.8||36.0||24.4||54.8||31.2||25.0||20.3||39.3||23.5||14.2<br /> |-<br /> |'''May'''||37.5||26.5||68.2||36.1||26.0||108.6||32.4||26.7||53.8||41.4||27.0||22.7<br /> |-<br /> |'''June'''||35.2||26.1||204.9||34.2||26.2||233.4||32.3||26.8||138.1||36.9||26.7||218.9<br /> |-<br /> |'''July'''||32.0||25.2||326.2||31.8||25.8||297.9||31.0||26.1||174.6||31.1||24.9||459.0<br /> |-<br /> |'''August'''||31.6||25.1||366.8||31.4||25.8||318.3||31.2||25.9||195.9||30.7||24.8||487.5<br /> |-<br /> |'''September'''||31.9||24.8||256.3||31.7||25.5||275.8||31.7||25.7||192.0||31.7||24.6||243.5<br /> |-<br /> |'''October'''||31.7||23.0||190.7||31.3||23.0||184.0||31.4||23.8||237.8||31.7||21.8||56.6<br /> |-<br /> |'''November'''||30.2||18.8||41.7||29.2||17.8||41.6||29.5||19.7||95.3||29.4||16.2||17.6<br /> |-<br /> |'''December'''||28.3||15.2||4.9||26.9||13.7||6.5||27.4||16.4||11.4||27.2||12.1||4.8<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Biodiversity ===<br /> {{Main|Flora and fauna of Odisha|Forests in Odisha}}<br /> <br /> According to a [[Forest Survey of India]] report released in 2012, Odisha has 48,903&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of wild forest, covering 31.41% of the state's total area. The forests are classified into areas of dense forest (7,060&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), medium dense forest (21,366&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), open forest (forest without closed [[Canopy (biology)|canopy]]; 20,477&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and [[Shrubland|scrub forest]] or scrubland (4,734&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). The state also has [[bamboo forest]]s (10,518&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and tidal areas of [[mangrove]] swamp (221&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). The state is gradually losing its wilderness areas to [[Illegal logging|timber smuggling]], [[deforestation]], destructive mining, and general urban industrialisation, as well as livestock [[grazing]]. There have been attempts at conservation and [[reforestation]].&lt;ref name=ForrestCover&gt;{{cite news|title=Study shows Odisha forest cover shrinking|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Study-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking/articleshow/11904659.cms|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Study-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking/articleshow/11904659.cms|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Due to the climate and good rainfall, Odisha's evergreen and moist forests are uniquely suitable habitats for wild [[orchid]]s. Around 130 species have been reported from the state.&lt;ref name=&quot;Orchids&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D1RR7A3HfUC&amp;pg=PA116|access-date=5 February 2015|date=1 January 2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-60-8|page=116|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=-D1RR7A3HfUC&amp;pg=PA116|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Around 97 of them are found in [[Mayurbhanj district]] alone. The Orchid House of the [[Nandankanan Zoological Park]] maintains some of these species.&lt;ref name=OrchidHouse&gt;{{cite news|title=Orchid House a haven for nature lovers|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100823/jsp/orissa/story_12842681.jsp|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|date=23 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205133023/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100823/jsp/orissa/story_12842681.jsp|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Simlipal National Park]] is a protected wildlife area and Bengal tiger reserve spread over 2,750&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of the northern part of [[Mayurbhanj district]]. The park has around 1,078 species of plants, including 94 of the aforementioned orchids. The [[sal tree|''sal'']] is the primary tree species. For fauna, the park is home to around 55 species of [[mammal]], including the [[Bengal tiger]], [[axis deer|chital]], [[chousingha]], [[common langur]], [[gaur]], [[Indian elephant]], [[Indian giant squirrel]], [[jungle cat]], [[Indian leopard|leopard]], [[Indian muntjac|muntjac]], [[sambar deer|sambar]], [[small Indian civet]] and [[wild boar]]. There are over 300 species of birds in the park, such as the [[common hill myna]], as well as [[Indian grey hornbill|grey]], [[Indian pied hornbill|Indian pied]] and [[Malabar pied hornbill]]s. There are also some 60 species of reptiles and amphibians, including the famed [[king cobra]], plus [[banded krait]] and [[tricarinate hill turtle]]. There is also a [[mugger crocodile]] breeding programme in nearby Ramtirtha.&lt;ref name=WWFSimilipal&gt;{{cite web|title=Similipal Tiger Reserve|url=http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/|website=[[World Wide Fund for Nature]], India|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205152048/http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary]] is a 190&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; protected area near the capital city, Bhubaneswar. However, urban expansion and over-grazing have reduced the forests, driving the herds of elephants to migrate away, as well as increasing human-elephant conflicts—which sometimes results in injury and death (on both sides). Some elephants have died in conflicts with villagers, while some have died during migration after being accidentally electrocuted by power lines or even hit by trains. Outside the protected area, they are killed by ivory [[Poaching|poacher]]s. In 2002, there were about 80 elephants, but by 2012, their numbers had been reduced to 20. Many of the animals have migrated toward the Barbara Reserve forest, Chilika, [[Nayagarh district]], and [[Athagad]].&lt;ref name=ElephantBanished&gt;{{cite news|title=Banished from their homes|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]]|date=29 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904034144/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html|archive-date=4 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ElephantWipeout&gt;{{cite news|title=Away from home, Chandaka elephants face a wipeout|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 August 2013|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205151829/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides elephants, the sanctuary also has leopards, jungle cats and herds of chital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Negi1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Sharad Singh Negi|title=Biodiversity and Its Conservation in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&amp;pg=PA242|access-date=5 February 2015|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-85182-88-9|page=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&amp;pg=PA242|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Bhitarkanika National Park]] in [[Kendrapara district]] covers 650&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, of which 150&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; are mangroves. [[Gahirmatha Beach]], in Bhitarkanika, is the world's largest nesting site for [[olive ridley sea turtle]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salagrama2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Venkatesh Salagrama|title=Trends in Poverty and Livelihoods in Coastal Fishing Communities of Orissa State, India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&amp;pg=PA16|access-date=5 February 2015|year=2006|publisher=Food &amp; Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-105566-3|pages=16–17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&amp;pg=PA16|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, the Indian Coast Guard initiated [[Operation Oliver]] to protect the endangered sea turtle population of the region.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/coast-guard-launches-operation-oliver/article5392444.ece |title=Coast Guard launches 'Operation Oliver' |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 November 2013 |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620155343/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/coast-guard-launches-operation-oliver/article5392444.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Other major nesting grounds for the turtle in the state are [[Rushikulya]], in [[Ganjam district]],&lt;ref name=Olive2&gt;{{cite news|title=Olive Ridley turtles begin mass nesting|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164643/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the mouth of the [[Devi river]].&lt;ref name=Olive3&gt;{{cite news|title=Mass nesting of Olive Ridleys begins at Rushikulya beach|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Bhitarkanika sanctuary is also noted for its large population of [[saltwater crocodile]]s and [[Asian water monitor]]s,&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=70348&amp;view=species |title= Observations (iNaturalist) Bhitarkanika |website= iNaturalist.org |access-date= 20 September 2023 |archive-date= 28 March 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240328171011/https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=70348&amp;view=species |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt; the second-largest lizard species on earth,&lt;ref name=CrocCensus&gt;{{cite news|title=Bhitarkanika Park to be Closed for Crocodile Census|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; in addition to [[axis deer]] and [[rhesus macaque]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist.org&quot;/&gt; The coastal mangrove environments are home to several types of [[mudskipper]]s, including the [[barred mudskipper|barred]], [[Boleophthalmus boddarti|Boddart's blue-spotted]] and [[Boleophthalmus pectinirostris|great blue-spotted mudskipper]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist.org&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In winter, Bhitarkanika is also visited by [[migratory birds]]. Among the many species, both resident and migratory, are [[kingfishers]] (including [[black-capped kingfisher|black-capped]], [[collared kingfisher|collared]] and [[common kingfisher]]s), [[heron]]s (such as [[black-crowned night heron|black-crowned night]], [[grey heron|grey]], [[purple heron|purple]] and [[striated heron]]s), [[Indian cormorant]]s, [[Asian openbill|openbill stork]]s, [[Oriental white ibis]], [[pheasant-tailed jacana]], [[sarus crane]]s, [[spotted owlet]]s and [[white-bellied sea-eagle]]s.&lt;ref name=BirdCount&gt;{{cite news|title=Bird Count Rises in Bhitarkanika|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=14 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162754/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inaturalist.org&quot;/&gt; The possibly endangered [[horseshoe crab]] is also found in this region.&lt;ref name=horseshoe&gt;{{cite news|title=Concern over dwindling horseshoe crab population|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Chilika Lake]] is a brackish water lagoon on the east coast of Odisha with an area of 1,105&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. It is connected to the [[Bay of Bengal]] by a 35-km-long narrow channel and is a part of the Mahanadi delta. In the dry season, the tides bring in salt water. In the rainy season, the rivers falling into the lagoon decrease its salinity.&lt;ref name=&quot;AgarwalSingh2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Pushpendra K. Agarwal|author2=Vijay P. Singh|title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&amp;pg=PA984|access-date=5 February 2015|date=16 May 2007|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-5180-7|page=984|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&amp;pg=PA984|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Birds from places as far as the [[Caspian Sea]], [[Lake Baikal]] (and other parts of Russia), [[Central Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Ladakh]] and the [[Himalayas]] migrate to the lagoon in winter.&lt;ref name=ChilikaFalls&gt;{{cite news|title=Number of birds visiting Chilika falls but new species found|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/number-of-birds-visiting-chilika-falls-but-new-species-found/article4288574.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831173859/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/number-of-birds-visiting-chilika-falls-but-new-species-found/article4288574.ece|archive-date=31 August 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Among the [[waterfowl]] and [[wading birds]] spotted there are [[Eurasian wigeon]], [[Northern pintail|pintail]], [[bar-headed goose]], [[greylag goose]], [[greater flamingo]], common [[mallard]] and [[Goliath heron]].&lt;ref name=SharpDropChilika&gt;{{cite news|title=Chilika registers sharp drop in winged visitors|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/chilika-registers-sharp-drop-in-winged-visitors/article5572489.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/chilika-registers-sharp-drop-in-winged-visitors/article5572489.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TwoNewChilika&gt;{{cite news|title=Two new species of migratory birds sighted in Chilika Lake|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/two-new-species-of-migratory-birds-sighted-in-chilika-lake/article4285667.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/two-new-species-of-migratory-birds-sighted-in-chilika-lake/article4285667.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The lagoon also has a small population of the endangered [[Irrawaddy dolphin]]s.&lt;ref name=DolphinRise&gt;{{cite news|title=Dolphin population on rise in Chilika Lake|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dolphin-population-on-rise-in-chilika-lake/article108981.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dolphin-population-on-rise-in-chilika-lake/article108981.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The state's coastal region has also had sightings of the rare [[finless porpoise]], as well as the more common [[bottlenose dolphin]], [[humpback dolphin]] and [[spinner dolphin]]s in its waters.&lt;ref name=DolphinCensus&gt;{{cite news|title=Maiden Dolphin Census in State's Multiple Places on Cards|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Maiden-Dolphin-Census-in-State%E2%80%99s-Multiple-Places-on-Cards/2015/01/20/article2627780.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123131044/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Maiden-Dolphin-Census-in-State%E2%80%99s-Multiple-Places-on-Cards/2015/01/20/article2627780.ece|archive-date=23 January 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Satpada|Satapada]] is situated close to the northeast cape of Chilika Lake and Bay of Bengal. It is famous for dolphin watching in their natural habitat. There is a tiny island en route for watching dolphins, where tourists often take a short stop. Apart from that, this island is also home for tiny red crabs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rongmei |first=Precious|title=Empty beaches, dolphins and more at Odisha's Rajhans Island |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/empty-beaches-dolphins-and-more-at-odishas-rajhans-island/articleshow/103656713.cms |access-date=25 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to a census conducted in 2016, there are around 2000 elephants in the state.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Wildlife Census – Odisha Wildlife Organisation |url=https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/WildlifeCensus.aspx |access-date=24 March 2021 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819100941/https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/WildlifeCensus.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Nandankanan19.jpg|White tiger in the [[Nandankanan Zoo]]<br /> File:DSC 0764f.jpg|[[Irrawaddy dolphins]] can be found in [[Chilika]]<br /> File:Vanda tessellata Orchi 001.jpg|''[[Vanda tessellata]]'', one of the orchids found in Odisha&lt;ref name=NiyamgiriOrchids&gt;{{cite journal|author1=P.K. Dash|author2=Santilata Sahoo|author3=Subhasisa Bal|title=Ethnobotanical Studies on Orchids of Niyamgiri Hill Ranges, Orissa, India|journal=Ethnobotanical Leaflets|year=2008 |issue=12|pages=70–78|url=http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&amp;context=ebl&amp;sei-redir=1&amp;referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.in%2Fscholar%3Fq%3DOrissa%2BOrchid%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5#search=%22Orissa%20Orchid%22|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205133643/http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&amp;context=ebl&amp;sei-redir=1&amp;referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.in%2Fscholar%3Fq%3DOrissa%2BOrchid%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5#search=%22Orissa%20Orchid%22|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> File:Chilika Bhubaneswar.me.jpg|Migratory birds at [[Chilika Lake]]<br /> File:Bhitarkanika Mangroves Flora and Fauna 03.JPG|Crocodile in [[Bhitarkanika National Park]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == Government and politics ==<br /> [[File:ORISSA SECRETARIAT.jpg|thumb|200px|Odisha State Secretariat at [[Bhubaneswar]]]]<br /> {{Main|Government of Odisha}}<br /> <br /> All states in India are governed by a [[parliamentary system]] of government based on [[universal adult franchise]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SenguptaCorbridge2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Chandan Sengupta|author2=Stuart Corbridge|title=Democracy, Development and Decentralisation in India: Continuing Debates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXbYAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA8|access-date=15 February 2015|date=28 October 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-19848-9|page=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=AXbYAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA8|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=OurParliament&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Parliament |website=[[Lok Sabha]] |publisher=[[Government of India]] |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Our%20Parliament.pdf |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203104729/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Our%20Parliament.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The main parties active in the politics of Odisha are the [[Biju Janata Dal]], the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref name=BJDLandslide /&gt; Currently, BJP, who won for the first time, formed the government after winning the majority in [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]. [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] is the 17th Chief Minister of Odisha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Who is Mohan Charan Majhi? 10 points about BJP's tribal leader | website=mint | date=2024-06-11 | url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/odisha-gets-a-news-cm-after-24-years-who-is-mohan-charan-majhi-5-points-11718111115393.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Legislative assembly ===<br /> {{Main|Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha}}<br /> <br /> The Odisha state has a [[unicameral]] legislature.&lt;ref name=&quot;Finifter&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Ada W. Finifter|author-link1=Ada Finifter|title=Political Science|date=1978 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KFk1K9_yf90C&amp;pg=PA94|access-date=15 February 2015|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=978-81-89597-13-9|page=94|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=KFk1K9_yf90C&amp;pg=PA94|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] consists of 147 elected members,&lt;ref name=BJDLandslide&gt;{{cite news|title=BJD's landslide victory in Odisha, wins 20 of 21 Lok Sabha seats|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjds-landslide-victory-in-odisha-wins-20-of-21-lok-sabha-seats/472363-3-234.html|access-date=18 March 2015|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908125021/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjds-landslide-victory-in-odisha-wins-20-of-21-lok-sabha-seats/472363-3-234.html|archive-date=8 September 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and special office bearers such as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, who are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker, or by the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumar&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Rajesh Kumar|title=Universal's Guide to the Constitution of India|date=17 January 2024 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an78gq3JwzYC&amp;pg=PA110|access-date=18 March 2015|publisher=Universal Law Publishing|isbn=978-93-5035-011-9|pages=107–110|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=an78gq3JwzYC&amp;pg=PA110|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[executive (government)|Executive authority]] is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]], although the titular head of government is the [[Governor of Odisha]]. The governor is appointed by the [[President of India]]. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly.&lt;ref name=&quot;AroraGoyal1995&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Ramesh Kumar Arora|author2=Rajni Goyal|title=Indian Public Administration: Institutions and Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nvzcy7o4sgAC&amp;pg=PA205|access-date=18 March 2015|year=1995|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-7328-068-9|pages=205–207|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=nvzcy7o4sgAC&amp;pg=PA205|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 147 elected representatives are called [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|Members of the Legislative Assembly]], or MLAs. One MLA may be nominated from the [[Anglo-Indian]] community by the governor.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shukla2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Subhash Shukla|title=Issues in Indian Polity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CAs9PNOfL28C&amp;pg=PA99|access-date=18 March 2015|year=2008|publisher=Anamika Pub. &amp; distributors|isbn=978-81-7975-217-3|page=99|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=CAs9PNOfL28C&amp;pg=PA99|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term of the office is for five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumar&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[judiciary]] is composed of the [[Odisha High Court]], located at Cuttack, and a system of lower courts.<br /> <br /> === Subdivisions ===<br /> {{Main|List of districts of Odisha}}<br /> <br /> Odisha has been divided into 30 districts. These 30 districts have been placed under three different revenue divisions to streamline their governance. The divisions are North, Central and South, with their headquarters at [[Sambalpur]], [[Cuttack]] and [[Berhampur]] respectively. Each division consists of ten districts and has as its administrative head a Revenue [[Divisional Commissioner]] (RDC).&lt;ref name=RevenueDept&gt;{{cite web|title=About Department |url=http://odisha.gov.in/ |publisher=Revenue &amp; Disaster Management Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206115854/http://odisha.gov.in//revenue/web/Aboutus.asp?GL=1&amp;PL=1 |archive-date=6 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The position of the RDC in the administrative hierarchy is that between that of the district administration and the state secretariat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Laxmikanth&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Laxmikanth|title=Governance in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DY1CAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=SA6-PA17|access-date=27 March 2015|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited|isbn=978-0-07-107466-7|pages=6–17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=DY1CAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=SA6-PA17|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The RDCs report to the Board of Revenue, which is headed by a senior officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]].&lt;ref name=RevenueDept /&gt;<br /> [[File:Orissa State map.svg|thumb|400px|Map of districts of Odisha]]<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;<br /> |+Division-wise list of districts&lt;ref name=AdminUnit&gt;{{cite web |title=Administrative Unit |url=http://odisha.gov.in/ |publisher=Revenue &amp; Disaster Management Department, Government of Odisha |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821033240/http://www.odisha.gov.in/revenue/web/AdministrativeUnit.asp?GL=2 |archive-date=21 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !Northern Division (HQ – Sambalpur)<br /> !Central Division (HQ – Cuttack)<br /> !Southern Division (HQ – Berhampur)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> * [[Angul district|Angul]]<br /> * [[Balangir district|Balangir]]<br /> * [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]<br /> * [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]]<br /> * [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]<br /> * [[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]]<br /> * [[Keonjhar district|Kendujhar]]<br /> * [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]<br /> * [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]<br /> * [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]]<br /> |<br /> * [[Balasore district|Balasore]]<br /> * [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]]<br /> * [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]<br /> * [[Jagatsinghpur district|Jagatsinghpur]]<br /> * [[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]<br /> * [[Kendrapada district|Kendrapada]]<br /> * [[Khordha District|Khordha]]<br /> * [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]<br /> * [[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]<br /> * [[Puri district|Puri]]<br /> |<br /> * [[Boudh district|Boudh]]<br /> * [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]<br /> * [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]<br /> * [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]<br /> * [[Kandhamal district|Kandhamal]]<br /> * [[Koraput district|Koraput]]<br /> * [[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]]<br /> * [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]]<br /> * [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]<br /> * [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Each district is administered by a [[District Collector|Collector]] and district magistrate, who is appointed from the [[Indian Administrative Service]] or a very senior officer from Odisha Administrative Service.&lt;ref name=&quot;SARKAR2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Siuli Sarkar|title=Public Administration in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smahlYxg-8YC&amp;pg=PA117|access-date=11 August 2015|date=9 November 2009|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-203-3979-8|page=117|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=smahlYxg-8YC&amp;pg=PA117|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PublicAdminDict&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Public Administration Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dg-7OFEp3E8C&amp;pg=PA263|access-date=11 August 2015|year=2012|publisher=Tata McGraw Hill Education|isbn=978-1-259-00382-0|page=263|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dg-7OFEp3E8C&amp;pg=PA263|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The collector and district magistrate is responsible for collecting the revenue and maintaining law and order in the district. Each district is separated into sub-divisions, each governed by a sub-collector and [[sub-divisional magistrate]]. The sub-divisions are further divided into tahasils. The tahasils are headed by [[Tehsildar|tahasildar]]. Odisha has 58 sub-divisions, 317 tahasils and 314 blocks.&lt;ref name=AdminUnit /&gt; Blocks consists of [[Panchayats]] (village councils) and town municipalities.<br /> <br /> The capital of the state is [[Bhubaneswar]] and the largest city is [[Cuttack]], which also functions as the deputy capital of the state . The other major cities are, [[Rourkela]], [[Berhampur]] and [[Sambalpur]]. Municipal Corporations in Odisha include [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Cuttack]], [[Berhampur]], [[Puri]], [[Sambalpur]] and [[Rourkela]].<br /> <br /> Other municipalities of Odisha include [[Angul]], [[Asika]], [[Balangir]], [[Balasore]], [[Barbil]], [[Bargarh]], [[Baripada]], [[Basudevpur]], [[Belpahar]], [[Bhadrak]], [[Bhanjanagar]], [[Bhawanipatna]], [[Biramitrapur]], [[Boudh]], [[Brajarajnagar]], [[Byasanagar]], [[Chhatrapur]], [[Debagarh|Deogarh]], [[Dhamra]], [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]], [[Gopalpur, Odisha|Gopalpur]], [[Gunupur]], [[Hinjilicut]], [[Jagatsinghpur]], [[Jajpur]], [[Jeypore]], [[Jharsuguda]], [[Joda]], [[Kendrapara]], [[Kendujhar]], [[Khordha]], [[Konark]], [[Koraput]], [[Malkangiri]], [[Nabarangpur]], [[Nayagarh]], [[Nuapada]], [[Paradeep]], [[Paralakhemundi]], [[Phulbani]], [[Rajgangpur]], [[Rayagada]], [[Sonepur, Odisha|Sonepur]], [[Sundargarh]], [[Talcher]], [[Titilagarh]], [[Karanjia]], [[Chatrapur]], [[Asika]], [[Kantabanji]], [[Nimapada]], [[Baudhgarh]], and [[Umerkote]].<br /> <br /> {{Largest cities<br /> | country = Odisha<br /> | stat_ref = As of the [[List of cities in Odisha|2011 Census]]<br /> | list_by_pop = List of cities in Odisha<br /> | div_name = District<br /> | div_link = List of districts of Odisha{{!}}District<br /> <br /> | city_1 = Cuttack<br /> | div_1 = Cuttack district{{!}}Cuttack<br /> | pop_1 = 921,321<br /> <br /> | city_2 = Bhubaneswar <br /> | div_2 = Khordha district{{!}}Khordha<br /> | pop_2 = 881,988<br /> <br /> | city_3 = Rourkela<br /> | div_3 = Sundargarh district{{!}}Sundargarh<br /> | pop_3 = 552,970<br /> <br /> | city_4 = Brahmapur, Odisha{{!}}Brahmapur<br /> | div_4 = Ganjam district{{!}}Ganjam<br /> | pop_4 = 355,823<br /> <br /> | city_5 = Sambalpur<br /> | div_5 = Sambalpur district{{!}}Sambalpur<br /> | pop_5 = 270,331<br /> <br /> | city_6 = Puri<br /> | div_6 = Puri district{{!}}Puri<br /> | pop_6 = 201,026<br /> <br /> | city_7 = Balasore<br /> | div_7 = Balasore district{{!}}Balasore<br /> | pop_7 = 144,373<br /> <br /> | city_8 = Bhadrak<br /> | div_8 = Bhadrak district{{!}}Bhadrak<br /> | pop_8 = 121,338<br /> <br /> | city_9 = Baripada<br /> | div_9 = Mayurbhanj district{{!}}Mayurbhanj<br /> | pop_9 = 116,874<br /> <br /> | city_10 = Balangir<br /> | div_10 = Balangir district{{!}}Balangir<br /> | pop_10 = 98,238<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Auxiliary authorities known as [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]]s, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs in rural areas.<br /> <br /> == Economy ==<br /> {{Main|Economy of Odisha}}<br /> <br /> === Macro-economic trend ===<br /> Odisha is experiencing a rapid economic growth post-Covid. The impressive growth in gross domestic product of the state has been reported by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. Odisha's growth rate is above the national average.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/gdp-growth-most-states-grew-faster-than-national-rate-in-201213/1206770|title=GDP growth: Most states grew faster than national rate in 2012–13|work=The Financial Express|date=12 December 2013|access-date=23 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215183438/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/gdp-growth-most-states-grew-faster-than-national-rate-in-201213/1206770|archive-date=15 December 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The central Government's Urban Development Ministry has recently announced the names of 20 cities selected to be developed as [[smart cities]]. The state capital [[Bhubaneswar]] is the first city in the list of [[Smart Cities Mission|smart Cities]] released in January 2016, a pet project of the Indian Government. The announcement also marked with sanction of Rs 508.02&amp;nbsp;billion over the five years for development.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bhubaneswar-tops-first-list-of-smart-cities/|title=Bhubaneswar leads Govt's Smart City list, Rs 50,802 crore to be invested over five years|date=29 January 2016|website=The Indian Express|access-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318020954/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bhubaneswar-tops-first-list-of-smart-cities/|archive-date=18 March 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Industrial development ===<br /> [[File:One of the iron ore mines in Keonjhar district.jpg|thumb|left|One of the iron ore mines in [[Kendujhar district|Keonjhar district]]]]<br /> [[File:ROURKELA STEEL PLANT.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Rourkela Steel Plant]]]]<br /> Odisha has abundant natural resources and a large coastline. Odisha has emerged as the most preferred destination for overseas investors with investment proposals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indian-states-that-attracted-highest-fdi/20120829.htm|title=Indian states that attracted highest FDI|publisher=Rediff|date=29 August 2012|access-date=8 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408212658/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indian-states-that-attracted-highest-fdi/20120829.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It contains a fifth of India's coal, a quarter of its iron ore, a third of its [[bauxite]] reserves and most of the [[chromite]].<br /> <br /> [[Rourkela Steel Plant]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=rourkela |title=Rourkela Steel Plant |publisher=Sail.co.in |access-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531085659/http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=rourkela |archive-date=31 May 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was the first integrated steel plant in the public sector in India, built with collaboration of [[Germany]].<br /> <br /> Arcelor-Mittal has also announced plans to invest in another mega steel project amounting to $10&amp;nbsp;billion. Russian major [[Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works|Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company (MMK)]] plans to set up a 10 MT steel plant in Odisha, too. [[Nippon Steel Corporation]] has recently announced to set up their own plants, one of which will be the world's largest and most advanced steel plant in Odisha, with a production capacity of 30 MT annually.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nippon Steel Corporation to set up 30 MTPA plant in Odisha |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2023/apr/05/nippon-steel-corp-to-set-up-30-mtpa-plant-in-odisha-2562913.html |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |date=5 April 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407180128/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2023/apr/05/nippon-steel-corp-to-set-up-30-mtpa-plant-in-odisha-2562913.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bandhabahal]] is a major area of open cast coal mines in Odisha. The state is attracting an unprecedented amount of investment in aluminium, coal-based power plants, petrochemicals, and information technology as well. In power generation, [[Reliance Power]] (Anil Ambani Group) is putting up the world's largest power plant with an investment of US$13&amp;nbsp;billion at Hirma in [[Jharsuguda district]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-reliance-to-invest-rs-60000-cr-for-orissa-power-plant-1042928|title=Reliance to invest Rs 60,000-cr for Orissa power plant|work=dna|date=21 July 2006|access-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903141606/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-reliance-to-invest-rs-60000-cr-for-orissa-power-plant-1042928|archive-date=3 September 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2009 Odisha was the second top domestic investment destination with [[Gujarat]] first and [[Andhra Pradesh]] in third place according to an analysis of [[ASSOCHAM]] Investment Meter (AIM) study on corporate investments. Odisha's share was 12.6 per cent in total investment in the country. It received an investment proposal worth {{INRConvert|2.01|t|year=2010}} in 2010. Steel and power were among the sectors which attracted maximum investments in the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2303 |title=Gujarat, Odisha and Andhra top 3 Domestic Investment Destinations of 2009 |publisher=Assocham |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723170222/http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2303 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The recently concluded Make in Odisha Conclave 2022 saw the state generate investment proposals worth ₹10.5 trillion with an employment potential for 10,37,701 people. Out of the total investment proposals received, the metals, ancillary and downstream sectors fetched ₹5.50 lakhs crore (trillion), power, green energy, and renewable energy sector fetched ₹2.38 trillion, and chemicals-petrochemicals and logistics-infrastructure sector attracted ₹76,000 crores and ₹1.20 trillion, respectively. Odisha has the potential to become a trillion-dollar economy by 2030.<br /> <br /> === Transportation ===<br /> Odisha has a network of roads, railways, airports and seaports. [[Bhubaneswar]] is well connected by air, rail and road with the rest of India. Some highways are getting expanded to four lanes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.odishalinks.com/Odishagrowth/topics/tnc-all/roads-and-highways-infrastructure-in-Odisha/national-highways/nh-42 |title=NH 42 |publisher=Odishalinks.com |date=16 June 2004 |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125170225/http://www.orissalinks.com/orissagrowth/topics/tnc-all/roads-and-highways-infrastructure-in-orissa/national-highways/nh-42 |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Odisha-plans-metro-signs-contract-for-detailed-project-report-preparation/articleshow/40781576.cms|title=Odisha plans metro, signs contract for detailed project report preparation|work=The Times of India|date=23 August 2014 |access-date=16 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831124032/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Odisha-plans-metro-signs-contract-for-detailed-project-report-preparation/articleshow/40781576.cms|archive-date=31 August 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Odisha Government Plans Mega Metro Rail Project to Connect Puri and Bhubaneswar &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://enewsinsight.com/puri-bhubaneswar-mega-metro-rail-project-soon | title=Puri-Bhubaneswar Mega Metro Rail Project Soon? | date=8 February 2023 | access-date=12 February 2023 | archive-date=9 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209223025/https://enewsinsight.com/puri-bhubaneswar-mega-metro-rail-project-soon/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The metro rail proposal was given to connect trains between Puri- Bhubaneswar – Cuttack.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/odisha-approves-metro-train-project-between-cuttack-bhubaneswar-and-puri-200581 | title=Odisha Approves Metro Train Project Between Cuttack, Bhubaneswar and Puri | access-date=1 April 2023 | archive-date=1 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401095109/https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/odisha-approves-metro-train-project-between-cuttack-bhubaneswar-and-puri-200581 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Odisha government has planned a new Expressway that will connect Biju Patnaik International Airport at Bhubaneswar with the proposed Shri Jagannath International Airport at Puri.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2023/Apr/05/odisha-plans-new-expressway-between-bhubaneswar-puri-2562919.html | title=Odisha plans new Expressway between Bhubaneswar &amp; Puri – the New Indian Express | date=5 April 2023 | access-date=7 April 2023 | archive-date=7 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407051503/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2023/apr/05/odisha-plans-new-expressway-between-bhubaneswar-puri-2562919.amp | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Air ===<br /> {{Main|List of airports in Odisha}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Biju Patnaik International Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Biju Patnaik International Airport]], [[Bhubaneswar]]]]<br /> Odisha has a total of three operational airports, 16 airstrips and 16 helipads.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html|title=Ten-year roadmap for State's civil aviation|work=The Pioneer|location=India|date=4 August 2012 |quote=at present there are 17 airstrips and 16 helipads in Odisha |access-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121060624/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015115504/http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2014|title=10-year roadmap set up to boost Odisha civil aviation|work=Odisha Now.in|year=2012|quote=Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads.|access-date=5 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html|title=Odisha initiate steps for intra and inter state aviation facilities|work=news.webindia123.com|date=3 August 2012 |quote=Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads|access-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113150837/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html|archive-date=13 January 2015|url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The airport at Jharsuguda was upgraded to a full-fledged domestic airport in May 2018. Rourkela Airport became operational in December 2022.The Dhamra Port Company Limited plans to build [[Dhamra Airport]] 20&amp;nbsp;km from [[Dhamra Port]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI9&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/adani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra/articleshow/66603746.cms |author1=Sujit Kumar Bisoyi |title= Adani Group plans airport at Dhamra |work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 13 November 2018 |access-date= 3 February 2020 |archive-date= 6 December 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191206015656/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/adani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra/articleshow/66603746.cms |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * [[Bhubaneswar]] – [[Biju Patnaik International Airport]]<br /> * [[Jeypore]] – [[Jeypore Airport]]<br /> * [[Jharsuguda]] – [[Jharsuguda Airport|Veer Surendra Sai Airport]]<br /> * [[Rourkela]] – [[Rourkela Airport]]<br /> * [[Berhampur]] – [[Rangeilunda Airport]]<br /> * [[Bhawanipatna]] - [[Utkela Airport]]<br /> <br /> === Seaports ===<br /> {{Main|Category:Ports and harbours of Odisha}}<br /> <br /> [[File: Gopalpur Port.jpg|right|thumb|[[Gopalpur port]]]]<br /> [[File:Bbrailhq.jpg|right|thumb|[[East Coast Railway]] headquarters, Bhubaneswar]]<br /> [[File:Dhamra Port.jpg|right|thumb|[[Dhamra Port]]]]<br /> <br /> Odisha has a coastline of {{convert|485|km}}. It has one major port at Paradip and few minor ports. some of them are:&lt;ref name=&quot;Division p. 701&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Division | first=P. | title=India 2019: A Reference Annual | publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting | isbn=978-81-230-3026-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZaSDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT701 | access-date=16 July 2019 | page=701 | archive-date=28 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328174246/https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZaSDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT701 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha 2012 p.&quot;&gt;{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha | title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report | publisher=Council of States Secretariat | issue=v. 227, nos. 18–20 | year=2012 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFyjP-0VEc8C | access-date=16 July 2019 | archive-date=28 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328174112/https://books.google.com/books?id=UFyjP-0VEc8C | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Port of Dhamara]]<br /> * [[Gopalpur port|Port of Gopalpur]]<br /> * [[Port of Paradip]]<br /> * [[Subarnarekha port|Port of Subarnarekha]]<br /> <br /> === Railways ===<br /> Major cities of Odisha are well connected to all the major cities of India by direct daily trains and weekly trains. Most of the railway network in Odisha lies under the jurisdiction of the [[East Coast Railway]] (ECoR) with headquarters at [[Bhubaneswar]] and some parts under [[South Eastern Railway Zone (India)|South Eastern Railway]] and [[South East Central Railway]].<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> {{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,03,02,917|13=1911|14=1,13,78,875|15=1921|16=1,11,58,586|17=1931|18=1,24,91,056|19=1941|20=1,37,67,988|21=1951|22=1,46,45,946|23=1961|24=1,75,48,846|25=1971|26=2,19,44,615|27=1981|28=2,63,70,271|29=1991|30=3,16,59,736|31=2001|32=3,68,04,660|33=2011|34=4,19,74,218|source= Census of India&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901 |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=10 August 2019 |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010234955/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|align=right}}<br /> <br /> === Population ===<br /> [[File:Lifestyle of tribal folks is visible.jpg|thumb|[[Scheduled Tribes in India|Tribal people]] of [[Koraput]], Odisha]]<br /> According to the [[2011 census of India]], Odisha accounted for approximately 3% of India's total population. The state had a population of 41,974,218, with 21,212,136 males (50.54%) and 20,762,082 females (49.46%), resulting in a [[sex ratio]] of 978 females per 1,000 males. This marked a [[Growth rate (group theory)|growth rate]] of 13.97% during the 2001-2011 period, a decline from 16.25% in the previous decade (1991-2001). The [[population density]] stood at 269 people per square kilometre, with [[Ganjam district]] having the highest population among all districts in Odisha. In contrast, [[Debagarh district]] has the lowest population. The population in the age group of 0–6 years comprised 12% of the total population, with a child sex ratio of 934 females for every 1,000 males in this age group. Additionally, [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] constituted a population of 7.2 million, making up 16.5% of the total population, while [[Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes (ST)]] accounted for 9.6 million, representing 22.1% of the population.&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusIndia2011PCA12018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |year=2018 |title=Population, Size and Decadal Change |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019035341/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-1.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=16 June 2020 |work=Primary Census Abstract Data Highlights, [[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Literacy and Socioeconomic Indicators ===<br /> According to the 2011 Census, Odisha's overall [[Literacy|literacy rate]] is 72.87%. Male literacy stands at 81.59%, while female literacy is recorded at 64.01%. Odisha's literacy rate is slightly below the national average of 74.04%. Literacy rates vary within the state, with [[Khordha district]] having the highest literacy rate at 86.88%, while [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]] has the lowest at 46.43%. In rural areas, the average literacy rate is 70.22%, compared to 85.57% in urban areas. Among the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] population, the literacy rate is 52.24%.<br /> <br /> In terms of poverty, Odisha had a poverty rate of 57.15% in 2004–2005, nearly double the national average of 26.10% at the time. However, since 2005, the state has made significant progress, reducing the poverty rate by 24.6 percentage points, with the current estimate at 32.6%.&lt;ref name=&quot;World Bank 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=India States Briefs – Odisha |publisher=World Bank |date=31 May 2016 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/brief/india-states-briefs-odisha |access-date=12 July 2019 |archive-date=12 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104621/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/brief/india-states-briefs-odisha |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pragativadi:NITI Aayog report 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=NITI Aayog report: Odisha tops in poverty reduction rate among other states |website=Pragativadi: Leading Odia Dailly |date=30 July 2017 |url=http://www.pragativadi.com/niti-aayog-report-odisha-tops-poverty-reduction-rate-among-states/ |access-date=12 July 2019 |archive-date=12 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104623/http://www.pragativadi.com/niti-aayog-report-odisha-tops-poverty-reduction-rate-among-states/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Health and Vital Statistics ===<br /> Data from 1996–2001 indicated that the state’s life expectancy was 61.64 years, slightly above the national average. Odisha also records a [[birth rate]] of 23.2 per 1,000 people annually, a [[Mortality rate|death rate]] of 9.1 per 1,000, an [[Infant mortality|infant mortality rate]] of 65 per 1,000 live births.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In 2011-2013, Odisha recorded a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 222 per 100,000 live births, according to a report by NITI Aayog. As of 2018, Odisha’s Human Development Index (HDI) stands at 0.606.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/IND/?levels=1+4&amp;interpolation=0&amp;extrapolation=0&amp;nearest_real=0|access-date=31 March 2021|website=globaldatalab.org|archive-date=26 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426230954/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/IND/?levels=1+4&amp;interpolation=0&amp;extrapolation=0&amp;nearest_real=0|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Total fertility rate|Total Fertility Rate (TFR)]] in Odisha declined from 2.1 in 2015-16 to 1.8 in 2020-21, paralleling the national trend, which saw a decrease from 2.2 to 2.0 during the same period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NFHS-5, Phase-2 |url=https://mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf |access-date=3 November 2024 |website=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With a cumulative score of 67.8, Odisha tops the ranking in fiscal health index 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 January 2025 |title=India's top 10 best-performing states in the Fiscal Health Index 2025 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/top-10-listing/indias-top-10-best-performing-states-in-the-fiscal-health-index-2025-9801341/ |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Religion ===<br /> {{See also|Hinduism in Odisha|Christianity in Odisha|Odia Muslims}}<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |thumb = right<br /> |caption = Religion in Odisha (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-religion&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Hinduism in Odisha|Hindu]]<br /> |value1 = 93.63<br /> |color1 = darkorange <br /> |label2 = [[Christianity in Odisha|Christian]] |value2 = 2.77 |color2 = Blue<br /> |label3 = [[Odia Muslims|Muslim]] |value3 = 2.17 |color3 = green<br /> |label4 = Other religion |value4 = 1.14 |color4 = black<br /> |label5 = [[Sikhism in India|Sikh]] |value5 = 0.05 |color5 = darkkhaki<br /> |label6 = [[Buddhism in India|Buddhist]] |value6 = 0.03 |color6 = yellow<br /> |label7 = [[Jainism in India|Jain]] |value7 = 0.02 |color7 = brown<br /> |label8 = [[Irreligion in India|No religion]] |value8 = 0.18 |color8 = white<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[File:Westindischer Maler um 1550 001.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Gita Govinda]]]]<br /> Based on the 2011 Census, Odisha has a predominantly Hindu population, with 93.63% adhering to [[Hinduism]]. The state is home to several prominent Hindu pilgrimage sites, including [[Jagannath Puri]], known for the [[Jagannath Temple]], and the [[Lingaraj Temple]] in [[Bhubaneswar]], which attract devotees from across India and beyond. [[Christianity]] is the second-largest religion at 2.77%, followed by [[Islam]] at 2.17%. Smaller communities include [[Sikhs]] (0.05%), [[Jainism|Jains]] (0.02%), and [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (0.03%). Additionally, 1.14% of the population practices other religions, with [[Sarnaism|Sarna]] being one of the prominent indigenous faiths,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=C-01 Appendix: Details of religious community shown under 'Other religions and persuasions' in main table C01 - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11398/download/14511/DDW00C-01%20Appendix%20MDDS.xlsx |access-date=3 November 2024 |website=Census of India |format=XLS}}&lt;/ref&gt; particularly among tribal communities. A small segment, 0.18%, did not state their religious affiliation.&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-religion&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520044022/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=20 May 2022 |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=Census of India, 2011 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Decadal variations among religious groups ====<br /> {{Table alignment}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable defaultright col1left&quot;<br /> |+ Religious composition of Odisha<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Religion<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1951<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1961<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1971<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1981<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1991<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2001<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2011<br /> |-<br /> !Population<br /> !%<br /> !Population<br /> !%<br /> !Population<br /> !%<br /> !Population<br /> !%<br /> !Population<br /> !%<br /> !Population<br /> !%<br /> !Population<br /> !%<br /> |-<br /> | '''[[Hinduism in Odisha|Hinduism]]'''<br /> |14,368,411<br /> |98.11<br /> |17,123,194<br /> |97.57<br /> |21,121,056<br /> |96.25<br /> |25,161,725<br /> |95.42|| 29,971,257|| 94.67|| 34,726,129 || 94.35 || 39,300,341 || 93.63<br /> |-<br /> | '''[[Odia Muslims|Islam]]'''<br /> |176,338<br /> |1.20<br /> |215,319<br /> |1.23<br /> |326,507<br /> |1.49<br /> |422,266<br /> |1.60|| 577,775 || 1.82 || 761,985 || 2.07 || 911,670 || 2.17<br /> |-<br /> | '''[[Christianity in Odisha|Christianity]]'''<br /> |141,934<br /> |0.97<br /> |201,017<br /> |1.15<br /> |378,888<br /> |1.73<br /> |480,426<br /> |1.82|| 666,220 || 2.10 || 897,861 || 2.44 || 1,161,708 || 2.77<br /> |-<br /> |'''[[Sikhism]]'''<br /> |4,163<br /> |0.03<br /> | 5,030<br /> | 0.03<br /> |10,204<br /> |0.04<br /> |14,270<br /> |0.05<br /> |17,296<br /> |0.05<br /> |17,492<br /> |0.05<br /> |21,991<br /> |0.05<br /> |-<br /> | '''[[Jainism]]'''<br /> |1,248<br /> |0.01<br /> |2,295<br /> |0.01<br /> |6,521<br /> |0.03<br /> |6,642<br /> |0.03|| 6,302 || 0.02 || 9,154 || 0.02 || 9,420 || 0.02<br /> |-<br /> | '''[[Buddhism]]'''<br /> |969<br /> |0.01<br /> |454<br /> |0.00<br /> |8,462<br /> |0.04<br /> |8,028<br /> |0.03|| 9,153 || 0.03 || 9,863 || 0.03 || 13,852 || 0.03<br /> |-<br /> ||'''{{abbr|ORP|Other Religions and Persuasions}}'''<br /> |2,883<br /> |0.02<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1,537<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |0.01<br /> |91,859<br /> |0.42<br /> |273,596<br /> |1.04<br /> |397,798<br /> |1.26<br /> |361,981<br /> |0.98<br /> |478,317<br /> |1.14<br /> |-<br /> | '''Not Stated'''<br /> |{{n/a}}<br /> |{{n/a}}<br /> |1,118<br /> |0.01<br /> |3,318<br /> |0.01|| 13,935 || 0.04 || 20,195 || 0.05 || 76,919 || 0.18<br /> |- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;<br /> |'''Total'''<br /> |14,645,946<br /> |100<br /> |17,548,846<br /> |100<br /> |21,944,615<br /> |100<br /> |26,370,271<br /> |100<br /> |31,659,736<br /> |100<br /> |36,804,660<br /> |100<br /> |41,974,218<br /> |100<br /> |- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;<br /> | colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:0.9em&quot; |Source: Census of India&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=C-01: Population by religious community (2011) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Census India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=C-01: Population by religious community (2001) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21483/download/24615/PC01_C01_21.xls |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Census India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=C-9 Religion (1991) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/35737/download/39400/1991-C09T-0100.xlsx |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Census India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Portrait of Population - Census 1981 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31509/download/34690/52213_1981_POR.pdf |access-date=12 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Census Atlas, Vol-XII-Part IX-A, Orissa - Census 1961 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28452/download/31634/21487_1961_CEN.pdf |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Census India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=General Population, Social and Cultural and Land Tables, Part II-A, Tables, Volume-XI, Orissa - Census 1951 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30727/download/33908/45683_1971_GPS.pdf |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Census India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Languages ===<br /> {{Main|Odia language}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Bilingual signboard for Registration at a Hospital in Bhubaneswar.jpg|thumb|Bilingual signboard in English and Odia]]<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> | thumb = right<br /> | caption = Languages of Odisha (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-langreport&quot;/&gt;<br /> | label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]<br /> | value1 = 82.70<br /> | color1 = blue<br /> | label2 = [[Kui language (India)|Kui]]<br /> | value2 = 2.24<br /> | color2 = chocolate<br /> | label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]]<br /> | value3 = 2.06<br /> | color3 = deeppink<br /> | label4 = [[Urdu]]<br /> | value4 = 1.60<br /> | color4 = green<br /> | label5 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | value5 = 1.59<br /> | color5 = yellowgreen<br /> | label6 = [[Hindi]]<br /> | value6 = 1.23<br /> | color6 = orangered<br /> | label7 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | value7 = 1.20<br /> | color7 = lightsalmon<br /> | label8 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]]<br /> | value8 = 1.09<br /> | color8 = violet<br /> | label9 = Others<br /> | value9 = 6.29<br /> | color9 = grey<br /> | style = align=&quot;left&quot;<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Languages of Odisha.svg|thumb|Linguistic maps of Odisha]]<br /> [[Odia language|Odia]] is the official language of Odisha&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lawodisha.gov.in/pages/viewYearActOrdinances/1954|title=:: Law Department (Government of Odisha) ::|website=lawodisha.gov.in|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302165024/http://lawodisha.gov.in/pages/viewYearActOrdinances/1954|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and is spoken by 82.70% of the population according to the [[2011 Census of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-langreport&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|website=Census of India 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520044028/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also one of the [[Languages of India#Classical languages of India|classical languages of India]]. English is the official language of correspondence between state and the union of India. Spoken Odia is not homogeneous as one can find different dialects spoken across the state. Some of the major dialects found inside the state are [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]], Cuttacki, Sundargarhi, [[Baleswari Odia|Baleswari]], [[Ganjami Odia|Ganjami]], [[Desia language|Desiya]], [[Kalahandia Odia|Kalahandia]] and [[Phulbani Odia|Phulbani]]. The standard language is based on the Cuttacki dialect. In addition to Odia, significant populations of people speaking other major Indian languages like [[Hindi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] are also found in the state, mainly in cities.&lt;ref name=LSI-Orissa&gt;{{cite book|last=Mahapatra|first=B. P.|title=Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa|year=2002|publisher=Language Division, Office of the Registrar General|location=Kolkata, India|pages=13–14|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/ling_Orissa.html|access-date=20 February 2014|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113153328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/ling_Orissa.html|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The different ''[[Adivasi|tribal (Adivasi) communities]]'' who mostly reside in western and southern Odisha have their own languages belonging to [[Munda languages|Munda]] and [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] family of languages. Some of these major tribal languages are [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Kui language (India)|Kui]], [[Mundari language|Mundari]] and [[Ho language|Ho]]. Due to increasing contact with outsiders, migration and socioeconomic reasons many of these indigenous languages are slowly getting extinct or are on the verge of getting extinct.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Atlas of languages in danger {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/|access-date=19 October 2019|publisher=UNESCO|archive-date=13 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213064456/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Odisha Sahitya Academy Award was established in 1957 to actively develop Odia language and literature. The Odisha government launched a portal in 2018 to promote Odia language and literature.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ova.gov.in/en |title=Odia vartual academy |access-date=25 October 2019 |archive-date=26 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226111037/https://ova.gov.in/en/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> {{Main|Education in Odisha}}<br /> [[File:Utkal University Main Gate.jpg|thumb|[[Utkal University]] main gate]]<br /> Entry to various institutes of higher education especially into engineering degrees is through a centralised [[Odisha Joint Entrance Examination]], conducted by the [[Biju Patnaik University of Technology]] (BPUT), [[Rourkela]], since 2003, where seats are provided according to order of merit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Biju Patnaik University of Technology |publisher=Bput.org |url=http://www.bput.org/ |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205233536/http://www.bput.org/ |archive-date=5 December 2008 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Few of the engineering institutes enroll students by through [[Joint Entrance Examination]]. For medical courses, there is a corresponding [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test]].<br /> <br /> == Culture ==<br /> {{Main|Culture of Odisha}}<br /> <br /> Odisha is home to several Hindu figures. [[Bhima Bhoi|Sant Bhima Bhoi]] was a leader of the [[Mahima Dharma|Mahima sect]]. [[Sarala Das]], a Hindu [[Khandayat]], was the translator of the epic [[Mahabharata]] into Odia. Chaitanya Das was a [[Vaishnavism|Buddhistic-Vaishnava]] and writer of the ''Nirguna Mahatmya''. [[Jayadeva]] was the author of the ''[[Gita Govinda]]''.<br /> <br /> The ''Odisha Temple Authorisation Act'' of 1948 empowered the government of Odisha to open temples for all Hindus, including Dalits.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;P. 63 ''Case studies on human rights and fundamental freedoms: a world survey, Volume 4'' By Willem Adriaan Veenhoven&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Perhaps the oldest scripture of Odisha is the ''[[Madala Panji]]'' from the Puri Temple believed from 1042&amp;nbsp;AD. Famous Hindu Odia scripture includes the 16th-century ''Bhagabata'' of [[Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]].&lt;ref&gt;P. 77 ''Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 30'' By Scholastic Library Publishing&lt;/ref&gt; In the modern times [[Madhusudan Rao]] was a major Odia writer, who was a [[Brahmo Samaj]]ist and shaped modern Odia literature at the start of the 20th century.&lt;ref&gt;''Madhusudan Rao'' By Jatindra Mohan Mohanty, Sahitya Akademi&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Mayurbhanj Chhau.jpg|thumb|Mayurbhanj Chhau]]<br /> <br /> === Cuisine ===<br /> {{Main|Cuisine of Odisha}}<br /> <br /> Odisha has a culinary tradition spanning centuries. The kitchen of the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Shri Jagannath Temple, Puri]] is reputed to be the largest in the world, with 1,000 chefs, working around 752 wood-burning clay hearths called ''chulas'', to feed over 10,000 people each day.&lt;ref name=&quot;AffairsAffairs1949&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=National Association on Indian Affairs |author2=American Association on Indian Affairs |year=1949 |title=Indian Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcMVAQAAIAAJ |access-date=23 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606204607/http://books.google.com/books?id=QcMVAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=6 June 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SharmaGupta2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=S.P. Sharma |author2=Seema Gupta |date=3 October 2006 |title=Fairs &amp; Festivals of India |publisher=Pustak Mahal |isbn=978-81-223-0951-5 |pages=103– |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54MSg3a63WgC&amp;pg=PA103 |access-date=23 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608212537/http://books.google.com/books?id=54MSg3a63WgC&amp;pg=PA103 |archive-date=8 June 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The syrupy dessert [[rasagola|Pahala rasagola]] made in Odisha is known throughout the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;ToI_Bishwa_2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Mitra Bishwabijoy |date=6 July 2015 |title=Who invented the rasgulla? |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-features/Who-invented-the-rasgulla/articleshow/47909754.cms |access-date=2 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709071914/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Life-Style/Food/Food-Features/Who-invented-the-rasgulla/articleshow/47909754.cms |archive-date=9 July 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chhenapoda]] is another major Odisha sweet cuisine, which originated in [[Nayagarh]].&lt;ref name=chenapodaorigin&gt;{{cite web |title=Chhenapoda |date=15 April 2012 |publisher=Simply TADKA |url=http://www.simplytadka.com/2012/04/chhena-poda-cottage-cheese-cake.html |access-date=9 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109232431/http://www.simplytadka.com/2012/04/chhena-poda-cottage-cheese-cake.html |archive-date=9 January 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalma (a mix of dal and selected vegetables) is widely known cuisine, better served with ghee.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br /> [[File:Odisha ra Rasagola.jpg|thumb|Rasagola, Odisha's special culinary delight made from cottage cheese, which has received GI tag in Geographical Indication Registry.]]<br /> The &quot;Odisha [[Rasgulla|Rasagola]]&quot; was awarded a geographical indication (GI) tag in 2019 after a long battle about the origin of the famous sweet with West Bengal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/odisha-rasagola-receives-gi-tag-two-years-after-west-bengal/story/368775.html|title=Odisha Rasagola receives geographical indication tag; here's what it means|website=businesstoday.in|date=29 July 2019|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020192714/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/odisha-rasagola-receives-gi-tag-two-years-after-west-bengal/story/368775.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This decision involved a broader interpretation of the law established under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999. Section 2(e) of the Act stipulates that a geographical indication can be provided to a product if its quality, characteristics, or reputation are attributable to its geographical origin and are unique. The uniqueness of Odisha’s Rasagola lies in its color, texture, and taste, distinguishing it from the West Bengal variant. Historical references in Odisha’s texts support the geographical origin of the dish.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://advocatetanwar.com/rasgulla-vs-rosogolla-a-bitter-battle-of-sweet/|title=RASGULLA VS. ROSOGOLLA – A BITTER BATTLE OF SWEET|website=advocatetanwar.com/|date=25 October 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Dance ===<br /> {{Main|Odissi}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Abhinaya.jpg|thumb|&quot;Odissi&quot; A scene from the abhinaya 'Tolagi Gopa Danda' choreographed by Guru Kelucharan Mahapatra. The dance was performed under the guidance of Guru Kelucharan Mahapatra.]]<br /> {{Multiple image<br /> | image1 = Mahari Dance festival, 2012.jpg<br /> | caption1 = Mahari Dance, gave birth to the modern classical dance forms of Odissi<br /> | image2 = Gotipua Dance3.JPG<br /> | caption2 = Gotipua Dance<br /> | image3 = Ghumura folk dance.JPG<br /> | caption3 = Ghumura folk dance<br /> | image4 = DHEMSA DANCE.jpg<br /> | caption4 = Dhemsa Dance<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Odissi]] dance and music are classical art forms. Odissi is the oldest surviving dance form in India on the basis of archaeological evidence.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Odissi Kala Kendra |publisher=odissi.itgo.com |url=http://odissi.itgo.com/ |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512041730/http://odissi.itgo.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Odissi has a long, unbroken tradition of 2,000 years, and finds mention in the ''[[Natya Shastra|Natyashastra]]'' of [[Bharata Muni|Bharatamuni]], possibly written c. 200&amp;nbsp;BC. However, the dance form nearly became extinct during the British period, only to be revived after India's independence by a few gurus.<br /> <br /> The variety of dances includes [[Ghumura dance]], [[Chhau dance]], [[Jhumair]], [[Mahari dance]], [[Dalkhai]], [[Dhemsa]] and [[Gotipua]].<br /> <br /> Odissi is not only a dance form but also a spiritual expression deeply rooted in Odisha’s temple traditions. Characterized by graceful movements, intricate footwork, and sculpturesque poses, it draws inspiration from the carvings of the Konark Sun Temple and other ancient shrines of the region. The dance is traditionally performed as an act of devotion to Lord Jagannath and often depicts stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Geeta Govinda. The unique tribhangi posture, which divides the body into three bends (head, torso, and hips), and the fluid chauka stance, give Odissi its distinctive identity among classical dances of India.<br /> <br /> Over centuries, Odissi has evolved from being a temple ritual to a respected performing art practiced worldwide. It blends lyrical music with expressive gestures (mudras) that communicate emotions and narratives with precision. Gurus like Kelucharan Mohapatra, Pankaj Charan Das, and others played a pivotal role in reviving and popularizing the form in the 20th century, ensuring its survival and global recognition. Today, Odissi is celebrated on prestigious stages across the world, symbolizing Odisha’s cultural heritage and artistic excellence.<br /> <br /> The traditional performance of Odissi usually begins with Mangalacharan, an invocation to the deities, followed by Batu Nritya that highlights pure dance techniques. Pallavi showcases the dancer’s mastery through elaborate rhythmic patterns, while Abhinaya brings mythological stories to life through expressive storytelling. The recital often concludes with Moksha, symbolizing spiritual liberation, where the dancer blends technical skill with a deep sense of devotion. This structured presentation makes Odissi both aesthetically rich and spiritually profound.<br /> <br /> Costumes and music also play an important role in Odissi. Dancers typically wear brightly colored saris made of Sambalpuri or Bomkai silk, adorned with silver jewelry crafted in Odisha’s traditional style. The music is based on Odissi classical ragas and talas, blending elements of both Hindustani and Carnatic traditions, and is performed with instruments like the mardala (a traditional percussion instrument), flute, sitar, and violin. Together, the visual elegance and the melodic accompaniment create an atmosphere that connects performers and audiences to the deep cultural and devotional roots of Odisha.<br /> <br /> == Sports ==<br /> {{Main|Sports in Odisha}}<br /> <br /> [[File:The Juggernauts - Odisha FC Supporters.jpg|thumb|[[Kalinga Stadium]] in [[Bhubaneswar]]]]<br /> [[File:Barabati Stadium IPL Match Pune Warriors India vs. Deccan Chargers.jpg|thumb|[[Barabati Stadium]] in [[Cuttack]]]]<br /> The state of Odisha has hosted several international sporting events, including the [[2018 Men's Hockey World Cup]], [[2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]] and [[2023 Men's Hockey World Cup]].<br /> <br /> Sports stadiums in Odisha include:<br /> <br /> # [[Kalinga Stadium]]<br /> # [[Barabati Stadium]]<br /> # Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium<br /> # [[East Coast Railway Stadium]]<br /> # [[Biju Patnaik Hockey Stadium]]<br /> # [[KIIT Stadium]]<br /> # [[Veer Surendra Sai Stadium]]<br /> #[[Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Suffian|first=Mohammad|date=16 February 2021|title=Odisha CM Lays Foundation of India's Largest Hockey Stadium named after 'Birsa Munda' In Rourkela|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/hockey/story/odisha-cm-lays-foundation-of-india-s-largest-hockey-stadium-named-after-birsa-munda-in-rourkela-1769860-2021-02-16|access-date=3 June 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603040034/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/hockey/story/odisha-cm-lays-foundation-of-india-s-largest-hockey-stadium-named-after-birsa-munda-in-rourkela-1769860-2021-02-16|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are some High Performance Centres in the state as well which have been set up at Kalinga Stadium for the development of respective sports in Odisha. Some of the HPCs are as follows:<br /> <br /> * [[Abhinav Bindra]] Targeting Performance (ABTP)<br /> * [[Dalmia Group|Dalmia Bharat]] Gopichand Badminton Academy<br /> * [[JSW Steel Ltd|JSW]] Swimming HPC<br /> * [[Khelo India]] State Centre of Excellence (KISCE) for Athletics, Hockey, and Weightlifting<br /> * KJS Ahluwalia and Tenvic Sports HPC for Weightlifting<br /> * [[Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre]] (ONTHHPC) &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kalingatv.com/state/naval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital/ |title=Naval Tata Hockey Academy Inaugurated In Odisha Capital |publisher=Kalinga TV |date=13 August 2019 |access-date=13 August 2019 |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921054009/https://kalingatv.com/state/naval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Odisha [[Aditya Vikram Birla|Aditya Birla]] and [[Gagan Narang]] Shooting HPC<br /> * [[Reliance Industries|Reliance]] Foundation Odisha Athletics HPC<br /> *[[Sports Authority of India|SAI]] Regional Badminton Academy&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Minati Singha|date=15 May 2017|title=Odisha-SAI Regional Badminton Academy inaugurated in Bhubaneswar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar/articleshow/58686446.cms|access-date=30 May 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602225427/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar/articleshow/58686446.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Udaan Badminton Academy&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Udaan Badminton Academy-HOME|url=https://www.theudaan.net/|access-date=30 May 2021|website=theudaan.net|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226021003/https://www.theudaan.net/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] High Performance Centre&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=High Performance Centre deal a big boost for Odisha and AIFF {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/odisha-aiff-high-performance-centre-big-boost/1cwe57j3pqvvu14c7f7q7a8r0d|access-date=7 June 2021|website=Goal (website)|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607034811/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/odisha-aiff-high-performance-centre-big-boost/1cwe57j3pqvvu14c7f7q7a8r0d|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Tourism ==<br /> {{Main|Tourism in Odisha}}<br /> <br /> The Lingaraja Temple at [[Bhubaneswar]] has a {{convert|150|ft|m|adj=on}} high deula while the [[Jagannath Temple]], [[Puri]] is about {{convert|200|ft|m}} high and dominates the skyline. Only a portion of the [[Konark Sun Temple]] at [[Konark]] in [[Puri district]], the largest of the temples of the &quot;Holy Golden Triangle&quot; exists today, and it is still staggering in size. It stands out as a masterpiece in Odisha architecture. [[Sarala Temple]], regarded as one of the most spiritually elevated expressions of Shaktism is in [[Jagatsinghpur district]]. It is also one of the holiest places in Odisha and a major tourist attraction. [[Maa Tarini Temple]] situated in [[Kendujhar district]] is also a famous pilgrimage destination. Every day thousands of coconuts are given to Maa Tarini by devotees for fulfilling their wishes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Norenzayan |first=Ara |date=25 August 2013 |title=Big Gods: How Religion Transformed Cooperation and Conflict |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-4832-4 |pages=55–56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VMtfYiQCXEC&amp;pg=PA55 |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208052058/https://books.google.com/books?id=2VMtfYiQCXEC&amp;pg=PA55 |archive-date=8 February 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Odisha's varying topography&amp;nbsp;– from the wooded Eastern Ghats to the fertile river basin&amp;nbsp;– has proven ideal for evolution of compact and unique ecosystems. This creates treasure troves of flora and fauna that are inviting to many migratory species of birds and reptiles. [[Bhitarkanika National Park]] in [[Kendrapada district]] is famous for its second largest mangrove ecosystem. The bird sanctuary in [[Chilika Lake]] (Asia's largest brackish water lake). The tiger reserve and waterfalls in [[Simlipal National Park]], [[Mayurbhanj district]] are integral parts of eco-[[tourism in Odisha]], arranged by Odisha Tourism.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MTN 82:9–10 Olive ridley tagged in Odisha recovered in the coastal waters of eastern Sri Lanka |publisher=Seaturtle.org |url=http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn82/mtn82p9b.shtml |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207034709/http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn82/mtn82p9b.shtml |archive-date=7 December 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Daringbadi]] is a hill station in the [[Kandhamal district]]. It is known as &quot;Kashmir of Odisha&quot;, for its climatic similarity. Chandipur, in [[Baleswar district]] is a calm and serene site, is mostly unexplored by tourists. The unique speciality of this beach is the ebb tides that recede up to 4&amp;nbsp;km and tend to disappear rhythmically.<br /> <br /> In the western part of Odisha, [[Hirakud Dam]] in [[Sambalpur district]] is the longest earthen dam in the World. It also forms the biggest artificial lake in Asia. The [[Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary]] is situated near Hirakud Dam. [[Samaleswari Temple]] is a Hindu temple in [[Sambalpur]] city, dedicated to the goddess known as 'Samaleswari', the presiding deity of Sambalpur, is a strong religious force in western part of Odisha and [[Chhattisgarh]] state. The [[Leaning Temple of Huma]] is located near Sambalpur. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Lord Bimaleshwar. Sri Sri [[Harishankar]] Devasthana, is a temple on the slopes of [[Gandhamardhan hills]], [[Balangir district]]. It is popular for its scenes of nature and connection to two Hindu lords, [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]]. On the opposite side of the Gandhamardhan hills is the temple of Sri [[Nrusinghanath]], is situated at the foothills of Gandhamardhan Hill near [[Paikmal]], [[Bargarh district]].<br /> <br /> In the southern part of Odisha, The [[Taratarini Temple]] on the Kumari hills at the bank of the Rushikulya River near [[Berhampur]] city in [[Ganjam district]]. Here worshiped as the Breast Shrine (Sthana pitha) and manifestations of Adi Shakti. The Tara Tarini Shakta pitha is one of the oldest pilgrimage centers of the Mother Goddess and is one of four major ancient Tantra pitha and [[Shakta pithas]] in India. [[Deomali]] is a mountain peak of the [[Eastern Ghats]]. It is located in [[Koraput district]]. This peak with an elevation of about 1,672 m, is the highest peak in Odisha.<br /> <br /> The share of foreign tourists' arrival in the state is below one per cent of total foreign tourist arrivals at all India level.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/pc/Download/Economic_Survey_2014-15.pdf |title=Odisha – Economic Survey 2014–15 |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215005858/http://www.odisha.gov.in/pc/Download/Economic_Survey_2014-15.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Rath Yatra Puri 07-11027.jpg|The [[Rath Yatra]] in [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]]<br /> File:Tarni temple Gate view.JPG|[[Maa Tarini Temple, Ghatgaon]]<br /> File:Gundichaghagi Waterfall, Keonjhar During monsoons.png|[[Keonjhar|Gundichaghagi waterfall Keonjhar]] during monsoons<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Outline of Odisha]]<br /> *[[East India]]<br /> *[[Odia people]]<br /> *<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> &lt;!--========================{{No more links}}============================<br /> |PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia|WILL BE DELETED.|<br /> |See [[Wikipedia:External links]] &amp; [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details.|<br /> ||<br /> |If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or|<br /> |replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link|<br /> |to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org)|<br /> |and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template.|<br /> ==={{No more links}}=========--&gt;<br /> {{Sister project links|voy=Odisha}}<br /> ; Government<br /> * {{official website}} <br /> * [https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en.html Official tourism site] <br /> ; General information<br /> * {{GovPubs|Odisha}} <br /> * {{Britannica|432692}} <br /> * {{Wikiatlas|Odisha}}<br /> * {{OSM relation|1984022}}<br /> <br /> {{Geographic location<br /> |Centre=Odisha<br /> |North=[[Jharkhand]]<br /> |Northeast=[[West Bengal]]<br /> |East=[[Bay of Bengal]]<br /> |Southeast=[[Andhra Pradesh]] &amp; Bay of Bengal<br /> |South=[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> |Southwest=[[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> |West=[[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> |Northwest=[[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Odisha|ଓଡ଼ିଶା}}<br /> {{States and territories of India}}<br /> {{Languages spoken in Odisha}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Odisha| ]]<br /> [[Category:States and union territories of India]]<br /> [[Category:States and territories established in 1936]]<br /> [[Category:1936 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:East India]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amrit_Lugun&diff=451484 2026-02-11T23:20:49Z

<p>Surojits999: Minor edits and structural improvements</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Amrit Lugun<br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | image = Συνάντηση ΥΠΕΞ Ν.Δένδια με Πρέσβη Ινδίας Amrit Lugun (Αθήνα, 30.11.2022) 01 (cropped).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Amrit Lugun<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1962|11|22}} <br /> | birth_place = [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]], India<br /> | citizenship =<br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] (Political science and sociology)<br /> | alma_mater = [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]<br /> | occupation = [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS Officer]]<br /> | years_active = 1998–2023<br /> | known_for = <br /> | height = &lt;!-- {{height|cm=}} --&gt;<br /> | title =<br /> | spouse = <br /> | partner = &lt;!-- unmarried life partner; use ''Asha Lugun (1950–present)'' --&gt;<br /> | relatives = [[Sushila Kerketta]] (mother-in-law)<br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|Example.com}} --&gt;<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Amrit Lugun''' (born 22 November 1962, in [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]) is a retired [[Indian Forest Service|IFS officer]], who served as the [[List of ambassadors of India to Greece|Ambassador of India to Greece]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://elinepa.org/shri-amrit-lugun-appointed-new-ambassador-of-india-to-greece/|title=Shri Amrit Lugun appointed new Ambassador of India to Greece|date=5 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Lugun's mother-in-law [[Sushila Kerketta]] was a Congress MLA and the party candidate from [[Khunti]] parliamentary constituency in [[Jharkhand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/diplomacy/story/19991004-case-of-domestic-violence-involving-indian-diplomat-in-paris-takes-on-political-tones-824865-1999-10-04|title=Case of domestic violence involving Indian diplomat in Paris takes on political tones|first1=Shiraz|last1=Sidhva|first2= Sanjay Kumar|last2=Jha|orig-date=4 October 1999|date=29 January 2013|website=India Today|access-date=28 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Lugun served as Desk Officer for India Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme in the Ministry of External Affairs from July 1993 to June 1995. He was a Second Secretary, Embassy of India, Doha, [[Qatar]] from June 1995 to September 1998. He served as First Secretary at the Embassy of India, Paris, France from October 1998 to December 2001.{{cn|date=February 2026}}<br /> <br /> After Paris, Lugun was First Secretary at the Embassy of India, [[Algiers]], Algeria from January 2002 to August 2004. At the Ministry of External Affairs from September 2004 to December 2008, he was a Director in the territorial divisions of Eurasia and Latin America. From March 2009 to September 2010 he was posted to the Indian Embassy, Manila. He then served as Director in the [[SAARC Secretariat]] in Kathmandu, Nepal.{{cn|date=February 2026}}<br /> <br /> Mr. Amrit Lugun was appointed as the Ambassador of India to the [[Republic of Yemen]] from 2013 to 2015. During his tenure in Yemen, he was commended for his contribution to [[Operation Raahat]] under which around 6500 people were evacuated from Yemen. Later he served as the Ambassador of India to Sudan, with concurrent accreditation to Eritrea from 2015 to 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Honorary Advisers, MIICCIA |url=https://miiccia.com/honorary-advisers.aspx |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=miiccia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> For the final assignment of his diplomatic career, Mr. Amrit Lugun was appointed as the [[List of ambassadors of India to Greece|Ambassador of India to Greece]], serving from July 2020 to November 2022, where he focused on advancing bilateral ties, including defence and cultural cooperation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Embassy of India, Athens, Greece : The Ambassador |url=http://www.indianembassy.gr/eoi.php?id=Ambassador |website=indianembassy.gr |accessdate=19 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former Ambassadors {{!}} Embassy of India, Athens, Greece |url=https://www.indiaingreece.gov.in/page/former-ambassadors/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=www.indiaingreece.gov.in |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lalita Oraon abuse case==<br /> While Lugun served as the First Secretary at the Indian Embassy in Paris in 1999, his family's live-in servant, Lalita Oraon, escaped from the household. She was put in the custody of the Committee Against Modern Slavery, an anti-slavery NGO, after being found on Paris streets by police.&lt;ref name=&quot;abuse&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |title=Indian diplomat accused of torturing servant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/sep/17/jonhenley1 |work=The Guardian |date=16 September 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oraon alleged she was beaten, threatened, and sexually abused by her employer.&lt;ref name=&quot;abuse&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The Indian Ambassador in Paris at the time [[Kanwal Sibal]] strongly supported Lugun and in a statement, the Indian Embassy accused the anti-slavery group of &quot;indecent lies&quot; against Lugun and claimed that some of the injuries were self-inflicted or due to escape.&lt;ref name=&quot;enquiry&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Sidhva |first=Shiraz |date=4 October 1999 |title=Case of domestic violence involving Indian diplomat in Paris takes on political tones |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/diplomacy/story/19991004-case-of-domestic-violence-involving-indian-diplomat-in-paris-takes-on-political-tones-824865-1999-10-04 |accessdate=27 August 2020 |work=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abuse&quot;/&gt; However, the allegations did not lead to any formal charges or court proceedings. Lalita Oraon did not pursue the matter legally, and there is no public record of any judicial conclusion. As a result, the case did not progress further beyond the initial media coverage and diplomatic controversy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2000-02-18 |title=The tale of Lalita Oraon |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30253414.ece |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Frontline |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1999-09-18 |title=Outlook India - India's Best Magazine{{!}} Find Latest News, Top Headlines, Live Updates |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/making-a-difference/the-french-correction-news-208151 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Lugun, Amrit}}<br /> [[Category:1962 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Munda people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Ranchi]]<br /> [[Category:Prime Minister's Office (India)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Christians]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to Greece]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to Yemen]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to Sudan]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%27s_Open-Economy_Policy&diff=462053 2026-01-29T06:03:44Z

<p>Surojits999: corrected details additionally</p> <hr /> <div>{{Italic title}}<br /> '''''India's Open-Economy Policy: Globalism, Rivalry, Continuity''''' is a book on political economy by [[Jalal Alamgir]], published by [[Routledge]] (London and New York, 2008; Paperback edition 2010)<br /> <br /> The book explains why India's open-economy policy, initiated in 1991, has continued despite widespread domestic political risks. It draws implications for countries seeking to politically market grand or controversial ideas.<br /> <br /> The book's methodological approach is influenced by both [[Political realism|realism]] and [[Constructivism in international relations|constructivism]]. Going as far back as the 19th century, the author reconstructs how Indian policymakers have interpreted economic priorities, perceived success and failure, and evaluated the destiny of their nation. By the 1990s, their imperatives increasingly highlighted a sense of rivalry, especially with [[China]], and globalism, a desire to play a strong role in world affairs. The book attempts to show how a sense of nationalist urgency was created through globalism and rivalry, allowing policymakers to privilege international needs over domestic political demands, replace economic independence with interdependence as a priority, and ensure that the broad basis of India's openness could not be challenged effectively even though certain policies faced severe opposition.<br /> <br /> The book was selected by ''Asia Policy'' of the [[National Bureau of Asian Research]] as one of the recommended books for its 2008 Policymakers Library.&lt;ref&gt;See Asia Policy, No. 7, January 2009: http://asiapolicy.nbr.org/current.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219193405/http://asiapolicy.nbr.org/current.html |date=2009-02-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The book has 192 pages, 5 chapters. Currently only a hardcover edition is available. {{ISBN|978-0-415-77684-4}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Books about the economy of India]]<br /> [[Category:Economic history of India (1947–present)]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_locomotive_class_WCM-4&diff=470258 2026-01-14T18:31:26Z

<p>Surojits999: adjust citations as per guidelines and corrected details based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date = May 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox locomotive<br /> | name = Indian locomotive class WCM-4<br /> | image = File:WCM 4.jpg<br /> | alt = WCM-4 is more powerful version of the WCM-3<br /> | caption = A WCM-4 at Bombay Victoria Electric loco trip Shed<br /> | powertype = Electric<br /> | designer = [[Hitachi]]<br /> | builder = [[Hitachi]]<br /> | ordernumber = 59/459/1/RS(F)<br /> | serialnumber = <br /> | buildmodel = EM/4<br /> | builddate = 18 April 1959<br /> | totalproduction = 7<br /> | rebuilder = <br /> | rebuilddate = <br /> | numberrebuilt = <br /> | website = <br /> | aarwheels = [[AAR wheel arrangement#C-C|C-C]]<br /> | uicclass = Co′Co′<br /> | Britishclass = [[Co-Co locomotives|Co-Co]]<br /> | gauge = {{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}<br /> | bogies = 3 Axle fabricated frame, Swing bolster with Equalizer beams<br /> | wheeldiameter = New: {{convert|1220|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}},&lt;br&gt;Half worn: {{convert|1182|mm|ftin|abbr=on|frac=2}} and&lt;br&gt;Full worn: {{convert|1144|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | wheelbase = {{convert|2380|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | length = <br /> | over couplers = {{convert|20.000|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}<br /> | body = {{convert|18.680|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}<br /> | width = {{convert|3.050|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}<br /> | height = {{convert|4.282|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=16}}<br /> | pantodown = &lt;!-- electrics --&gt;<br /> | bodyonly = &lt;!-- electrics --&gt;<br /> | frametype = 3 Axle fabricated frame<br /> | axleload = {{convert|20.83|t}}<br /> | locoweight = {{convert|125.00|t}}<br /> | sandcap = 16 sandboxes each<br /> | powersupply = 110 V [[Direct current|DC]]<br /> | electricsystem = 1.5 kV [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|Overhead]]<br /> | collectionmethod = [[pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]<br /> | alternator = <br /> | generator = <br /> | tractionmotors = HS-373-BR<br /> | t/m amps 1 hr = 765A<br /> | t/m amps cont = 620A<br /> | transmission = <br /> | gear ratio = 16:73<br /> | multipleworking = Not possible<br /> | locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]/[[Parking brake#Railroad hand brakes|Hand]], [[Regenerative braking]]<br /> | trainbrakes = [[Vacuum brake|Vacuum]]<br /> | reservoircap = <br /> | compressorcap = 7kg/cm²<br /> | exhaustercap = <br /> | safety = Slip control, Over voltage relay, No volt relay, Low pressure governor, Vacuum governor Train parting alarms, and Brake cylinder cutoff valve<br /> | coupling = <br /> | maxspeed = {{convert|120.5|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | poweroutput = <br /> | poweroutput start = Max: {{convert|4000|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}<br /> | poweroutput 1 hr = Max: {{convert|4000|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}<br /> | poweroutput cont = Max: {{convert|3290|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}<br /> | tractiveeffort = <br /> | t/e starting = {{convert|31250|kgf|kN|-1|abbr=on}}<br /> | t/e 1 hr = {{convert|25300|kgf|kN|-1|abbr=on}}<br /> | t/e continuous = {{convert|18700|kgf|kN|-1|abbr=on}}<br /> | factorofadhesion = 0.25<br /> | f/adh starting = <br /> | f/adh 1 hr = <br /> | f/adh continuous = <br /> | operator = [[Indian Railways]]<br /> | operatorclass = EM/4<br /> | fleetnumbers = 20076-20082<br /> | officialname = <br /> | nicknames = <br /> | locale = Central Railways<br /> | deliverydate = 1959<br /> | firstrundate = 1959<br /> | lastrundate = January 2000<br /> | retiredate = Early 2000s<br /> | withdrawndate = Early 2000s<br /> | preservedunits = none<br /> | restoredate = <br /> | scrapdate = <br /> | currentowner = <br /> | disposition = All scrapped.<br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> The Indian locomotive class '''WCM-4''' was a class of 1.5 [[Volt|kV]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[electric locomotive]]s developed in the late 1950s by [[Hitachi]] for [[Indian Railways]]. The model name stands for [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge (W)]], Direct Current (C), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 4th generation (4). A total of 7 WCM-4 locomotives were built in Japan in 1959 for [[Central Railways]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}<br /> <br /> == History==<br /> Indian Railways decided to procure seven locomotives from Hitachi. They were manufactured in Japan and shipped to India in 1959. These locomotives had now-common [[Co-Co locomotives|Co-Co]] wheel arrangement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Refer pg 260|url=https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/Data%20Book%20of%20Electric%20Locomotives%202016(3).pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Initially the WCM-4 class were known as EM/4 class.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| title=Vulcan Foundry Locomotives 1832–1956| last=Gudgin| first=D.S.E.| publisher=Bradford Barton| location=Truro| year=1976| isbn=978-0-85153-215-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> *{{section link|Rail transport in India|History}}<br /> *[[Indian Railways]]<br /> *[[Locomotives of India]]<br /> *[[Rail transport in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Indian locomotive class WCM4}}<br /> *http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html#WCM-4<br /> *[http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco2e.html]<br /> *[http://www.irfca.org India railway fan club]<br /> <br /> {{electric-loco-stub}}<br /> <br /> {{Broad gauge locomotives of India |state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:WCM-4}}<br /> [[Category:Electric locomotives of India]]<br /> [[Category:1500 V DC locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Co-Co locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1959]]<br /> [[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Hitachi locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Streamlined electric locomotives]]<br /> [[Category:Scrapped locomotives]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Sunderban_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=545679 2026-01-07T15:16:25Z

<p>Surojits999: Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox protected area<br /> | name = West Sunderban Wildlife Sanctuary<br /> | iucn_category = IV<br /> | map = India West Bengal#India<br /> | relief = 1<br /> | mapframe = Yes<br /> | mapframe-zoom = 9<br /> | location = South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India<br /> | area = 556.45 km²<br /> | established = 2013<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''West Sunderban Wildlife Sanctuary'' is a wildlife sanctuary located in the [[South 24 Parganas]] district of [[West Bengal]], India. Established on September 11, 2013, it covers an area of 556.45 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; comprising the Dulibhasani and Chulkati forest blocks in the [[Sundarbans]] delta. Bounded by the rivers [[Matla River|Matla]] and [[Thakuran River|Thakuran]], the sanctuary features a [[polyhaline]] mangrove ecosystem characterized by dense [[Ceriops decandra|''Ceriops decandra'']] and ''[[Excoecaria agallocha]]'' forests. The area serves as a critical habitat for the [[Bengal Tiger]], [[Estuarine Crocodile]], and [[Gangetic dolphin|Gangetic Dolphin]], acting as a vital ecological buffer for the [[Sunderbans Tiger Reserve|Sundarban Tiger Reserve]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wildlife Wing :: Directorate of Forests Govt. of West Bengal |url=https://www.wildbengal.com/west-sundarban.php?hl=en-IN |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=www.wildbengal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-23 |title=West Sunderban Wildlife Sanctuary - WildTrails {{!}} The One-Stop Destination for all your Wildlife Holidays |url=https://wildtrails.in/west-sunderban-wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=wildtrails.in |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Jayanta |date=2025-08-12 |title=Sundarbans Tiger Reserve now India’s second largest, after National Board for Wildlife approves Bengal’s proposal to increase area |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/wildlife-biodiversity/sundarbans-tiger-reserve-now-indias-second-largest-after-national-board-for-wildlife-approves-bengals-proposal-to-increase-area |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Forest Department |url=https://www.wbbforest.in/wildlife.html |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=www.wbbforest.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|21|40|20|N|88|33|30|E|type:landmark_region:IN_dim:20000|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in West Bengal]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=G._V._Vennela&diff=499490 2026-01-02T12:49:14Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1979)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> [[File:G. V. Vennela.jpg|thumb|right|200px]]<br /> '''Gummadi V. Vennela''' (born 1979) is a Dalit Indian politician from [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana state]]. She is the daughter of renowned balladeer and poet, Gummadi Vittal Rao, who was popular as [[Gaddar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kirmani |first=Syeda Faiza |date=2023-09-30 |title=Will carry Gaddar's legacy forward: Daughter Vennela on 'Congress ticket' |url=https://www.siasat.com/will-carry-forward-gaddars-legacy-daughter-vennela-on-congress-ticket-2708278/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-10-27 |title=Former cricketer Azharuddin, Gaddar's daughter Vennela, 3 ex-MPs figure in Cong. party's 2nd list for T'gana polls |url=https://theprint.in/india/former-cricketer-azharuddin-gaddars-daughter-vennela-3-ex-mps-figure-in-cong-partys-2nd-list-for-tgana-polls/1822107/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=సికింద్రాబాద్ కంటోన్మెంట్ లో సెంటిమెంట్ రాజకీయం {{!}} Vennela Vs Lasya {{!}} TS Politics {{!}} Meta News Telugu |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdzzcRxEa5s |access-date=2024-01-15 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Vennela is born to Gaddar and Vimala. She has a brother, G V Suryam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=Daughter of revolutionary balladeer enters Telangana gana poll fray with a focus on civic issues |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/daughter-of-revolutionary-balladeer-enters-telangana-gana-poll-fray-with-a-focus-on-civic-issues-101698780559182.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has two children. She is a graduate of [[Osmania University]]. She did her Ph.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-11-12 |title=14 in Rs.100cr club, richest candidate has Rs.600cr; 4.7k nominations filed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/14-in-100cr-club-richest-candidate-has-600cr-4-7k-nominations-filed/articleshow/105159624.cms |access-date=2024-01-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; in management studies and she also has a post-graduate diploma in school management.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | date=2023-11-22 |title=Can Lasya Nanditha's, G Vennela's legacies sway Secunderabad Cantonment voters? |url=https://www.newstap.in/telangana-election-2023/can-lasya-nandithas-g-vennelas-legacies-sway-secunderabad-cantonment-voters-1505630 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=www.newstap.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She runs the school, Mahabodhi Vidyalaya, which was started by his father in Alwal neighbourhood of Secunderabad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=Newsmaker - Balladeer Gaddar's daughter in Telangana poll fray for Congress: Who is G V Vennela? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/balladeer-gaddar-daughter-in-telangana-poll-fray-for-congress-gv-vennela-9012101/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has been teaching for 18 years and for the last 10 years,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-31 |title=Telangana Cong Candidate Vennela: ‘Will Continue My Father Gaddar’s Fight against Inequality’ |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/telangana-cong-candidate-vennela-will-continue-my-father-gaddars-fight-against-inequality-8642544.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; she has been taking care of this school,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Telangana Election: ತೆಲಂಗಾಣ ಚುನಾವಣೆ ಕಣದಲ್ಲಿ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಗೆ ಒಡ್ಡಿರುವ ಕ್ರಾಂತಿಕವಿ ಗದ್ದರ್ ಪುತ್ರಿ ಜಿವಿ ವೆನ್ನೆಲಾ |url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/nation-and-world/telangana-election-gaddar-daughter-43-yr-old-gv-vennela-enters-telangana-poll-with-civic-issues-on-focus-profile-uks-181701250224097.html |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Kannada Hindustan Times |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt; which is known for providing free education to poor children.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=gaddar school: గద్దర్ మంచి మనసు.. పేద విద్యార్థుల కోసం మహాబోధి స్కూల్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telangana/news/mahabodhi-school-was-established-in-secunderabad-for-poor-students-by-gaddar/articleshow/102479441.cms |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is also a dalit leader.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=telugu |first=NT News |date=2023-08-29 |title=ప్రశ్నించే తత్వమే నాన్న ఇచ్చిన ఆస్తి |url=https://www.ntnews.com/telangana/gaddar-daughter-vennela-heart-touching-words-about-gaddar-1228173 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=www.ntnews.com |language=te-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Vennela teaches at the Mahabodhi Vidyalaya and entered politics in 2023 after the death of her father. Her father Gaddar had registered a party named Gaddar Praja Party,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Gaddar Daughter Vennela Exclusive Interview {{!}} Revolutionary Folk Singer {{!}} Gaddar Songs @SumanTVNews |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3TvV10ipvE |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; but she joined Congress on the invitation of the top Congress leaders.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Can GV Vennela win on Gaddar's 'Jai Bhim' and Development Promises of Congress {{!}} NewsClick |date=2023-11-28 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JcIvHWQ8BQ |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Former Congress president [[Sonia Gandhi]] and top leaders [[Rahul Gandhi]] and [[Priyanka Gandhi]] met her after the [[Congress Working Committee]] (CWC) meeting in September at [[Hyderabad]]. She unsuccessfully&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Secunderabad Cantt. Assembly Election 2023 Result Live Updates: Check Latest Trends From Telangana Election Results |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/secunderabad-cantt-assembly-election-2023-result-live-updates-latest-trends-from-telangana-election-results-article-105697017 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; contested as the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] candidate&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; from the [[Secunderabad Cantonment Assembly constituency|Secunderabad Cantonment constituency]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly Election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TS Assembly Elections: ఎన్నికల బరిలో గద్దర్ కూతురు వెన్నెల.. ఆ నియోజకవర్గం నుంచే పోటీ..! |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/news/gaddar-daughter-vennela-about-contesting-in-telangana-assembly-elections-2023/articleshow/104606051.cms |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Congress springs a surprise, offers ticket to Gaddar's kin |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2023/sep/29/congress-springs-a-surprise-offers-ticket-to-gaddars-kin-2619266.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=The New Indian Express|date=29 September 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Initially, her brother Suryam along with his father Gaddar&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=భట్టి పాదయాత్రలో గద్దర్ {{!}} Gaddar Participate In Bhatti Vikramarka Padayatra at Suryapet {{!}} Ntv |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EQSL1xioEw |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=pynr |date=2023-08-06 |title=Gaddar no more - The Pioneer |url=https://pynr.in/gaddar-no-more/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; actively took part in the 'People's March'&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=CLP Leader Bhatti Vikramarka Padayatra Completed 1000 Kms, Comments On BRS Govt {{!}} @SakshiTV |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaAGJpifESk |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; by Congress leader [[Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka|Mallu Bhatti Vikramaka]] and he sought the MLA ticket but Congress party decided to name Vennela as a strategic move as the constituency became a hot seat&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-27 |title=Telangana Assembly Elections 2023: 9 hot seats to look out for |url=https://www.firstpost.com/web-stories/india/telangana-assembly-elections-2023-9-hot-seats-to-look-out-for-16102.html |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=www.firstpost.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the party felt she had a better chance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Secunderabad Cantonment: గద్దర్ కుమార్తెకు కాంగ్రెస్ టికెట్.. బీఆర్ఎస్‌కు చెక్ పెట్టేలా పక్కా వ్యూహం! |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/news/congress-party-gives-secunderabad-cantonment-ticket-to-gaddar-daughter-gv-vennela/articleshow/104768118.cms |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;.She contested the elections for the first time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-21 |title=Gaddar's Daughter Seeks Clarity on Congress Ticket from Secunderabad Cantonment |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/211023/gaddars-daughter-seeks-clarity-on-congress-ticket-from-secunderabad-c.html |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prior to her election, she undertook a ''padayatra'' (political march) to spread awareness about the minority issues pertaining to Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Dalits. &quot;Vidya (education), Vaidya (health), and Udyogam (jobs)&quot; are the three issues on which she fought the election.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; She has been active along with his brother Suryam in the Telangana Praja Front, started by his father in 2010 to support separate Telangana state agitation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vennela, G. V.}}<br /> [[Category:1979 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Secunderabad]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mareez&diff=516465 2025-12-31T10:27:21Z

<p>Surojits999: Creating new details needs work - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Gujarati-language poet (1917–1980)}}<br /> {{for|the play about Mareez|Mareez (play)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox writer <br /> | name = Mareez<br /> | image = Gujarati poet Mareez.jpg<br /> |caption =<br /> | pseudonym = Mareez<br /> | birth_name = Abbas Abdul Ali Vasi<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1917|2|22}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1983|10|19|1917|2|2}}<br /> | death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br /> | occupation = Poet, journalist<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Abbas Abdul Ali Vasi''' (22 February 1917 – 19 October 1983), popularly known as '''Mareez''', was an Indian poet of [[Gujarati language]], mainly popular for his [[Ghazal]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Khabarchhe.com 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=Chandrakant Bakshi | title=ગુજરાતના વિરાટ ઉદ્યાનનું અભિન્ન અંગ દાઉદી ગુલશન | website=Khabarchhe.com | date=22 May 2015 | url=http://www.khabarchhe.com/magazine/vahora-part-two/ | language=gu | accessdate=7 June 2015 | archive-date=13 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613001103/http://www.khabarchhe.com/magazine/vahora-part-two/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He is popularly known as ''[[Ghalib]] of Gujarat''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Khurana 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Khurana|first=Ashleshaa|title=Urdu Ghazal's Gujarati Misras|website=The Times of India|date=1 July 2018|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/urdu-ghazals-gujarati-misras/articleshow/64810397.cms|access-date=24 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sandesh Gujarati Newspaper 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=કદમોથી પણ વિશેષ થકાવટ હતી 'મરીઝ' મંઝિલ ઉપરથી પાછા ફરેલી નિગાહમાં (છપ્પનવખારી) | website=Sandesh | date=18 February 2015 | url=http://www.sandesh.com/article.aspx?newsid=3043816 | language=gu | accessdate=7 June 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113353/http://www.sandesh.com/article.aspx?newsid=3043816 | archive-date=4 March 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt; He left studies in young age and started working in rubber shoe factory. Having been interested in poetry, he took up journalism but remained financially unstable throughout his life. He wrote Ghazals published in collections but many of his works remained uncredited which he sold during his financial difficulties. His popularity escalated after his death.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Abbas Vasi was born in a [[Dawoodi Bohra]] family on 22 February 1917 in Pathanwada area of [[Surat]], [[British India]] to Abdul Ali and Amatullah Vasi. His father was a teacher in Madrasah Taiyabiyah School, Surat. He was third among eleven siblings.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Rahi |first=Dr. S. S. |title= અબ્બાસ વાસી 'મરીઝ'|trans-title= Abbas Vasi 'Mareez'|language=gu |magazine=[[Kumar (magazine)|Kumar]] |location= Ahmedabad|publisher= Kumar Trust| editor1-last = Parikh| editor1-first =Dhiru |editor-link=Dhiru Parikh |pages=7–10| date =April 2016 | issue =1060}}&lt;/ref&gt; His mother died of [[tuberculosis]] when he was young. He studied only till second grade as he was not interested in studies. Noticing his disinterest, his father discontinued his studies and sent him to [[Mumbai]] to work.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSP&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=સવિશેષ પરિચય: મરીઝ | website= [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] | url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Mareez.html | language=gu | accessdate=7 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;&gt;{{cite web| title=Mareez The Poet : Life Sketch| website=:: Mareez The Poet| date=19 October 2009| url=http://www.mareezthepoet.com/lifesketch.html| accessdate=7 June 2015| archive-date=27 February 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227031815/http://www.mareezthepoet.com/lifesketch.html| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From young age, Abbas was interested in [[Marsiya]]s as his elder sister Rukhaiya used to recite Marasiyas written by [[Urdu]] poets, [[Mir Babar Ali Anis|Anis]] and [[Mirza Salaamat Ali Dabeer|Dabeer]]. He wrote his first poem on the first birthday of his cousin when he was fourteen years old. He used to go to Zhapa Bazar in Surat where the group of people interested in Urdu and Gujarati [[Ghazal]]s gathered on regular basis. He met Ameen Azad (1913-1992) there whom he acknowledged as his teacher or ''Ustad''.&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt; Amin Azad named him, ''Mareez''.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> He went to Mumbai in 1932 and started working at Universal Rubber Works which manufactured rubber shoes.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt; Though his earnings were not good he used to spend them on books. He fell in love with his cousin. His marriage proposal was rejected by her father because of his financial condition and habits of smoking and drinking. He was deeply shocked by the incident.&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> He left the rubber shoe factory and started working as journalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSP&quot;/&gt; He also briefly worked as a salesman of bookseller, Shrafali and Sons, Bhindi Bazar, Bombay.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt; He had edited a special edition of ''Gulshan-e-Dawoodi''. He worked briefly with ''Vatan'' and ''Matrubhumi'' dailies. ''Vatan'' stopped publishing following the [[Partition of India]]. He published ''Azaan'', ''Khushbu'' and ''Umeed'' magazines but they were stalled due to financial constraints. His friend and poet, [[Asim Randeri]] helped him and he presented his first ever Mushayara, recitation of Ghazals, on [[All India Radio]] in Mumbai in 1936. He also worked in ''Leela'', a magazine published by Randeri.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt; He married his wife Sona in 1946 and uncle of his wife, Salehbhai Abdul Kader introduced him to [[Indian Independence Movement]] and he participated in [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942.&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1960, he joined as an editor of ''Insaaf'', a weekly of Muslim [[Dawoodi Bohra]] community which helped him stabilise financially. He was appointed by Sayyedna [[Taher Saifuddin]], [[Dā'ī al-Mutlaq]] of the Dawoodi Bohra. After death of Sayyedna, the weekly stalled so he returned to freelance journalism. In 1964, he was infected with tuberculosis and was admitted to Sarvoday Hospital, [[Ghatkopar]] for two months with monetary help of his admirer Pravin Pandya. In 1965, a wealthy person who wanted to be poet hired Mareez to write poems in his own pen name ''Tabeeb''. The book ''Dard'' was published in September 1966 causing uproar in literary circles and his admirers resulting in it being withdrawn from the market.&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;World News 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=મુકત મીરાં, મુકત મરીઝ | website=World News | date=24 August 2009 | url=http://article.wn.com/view/WNATeea0263886d4cc5b37dbdd6a9a72545b/ | language=gu | accessdate=7 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He confined himself to his home in last two years. He was knocked down by speeding [[auto rickshaw]] while crossing road just outside his home on 13 October 1983. He had multiple fractures in thigh. He was admitted to hospital in [[Ghatkopar]], Mumbai and underwent successful surgery on 19 October 1983. He died on the same day following heart attack in the hospital. He was buried the next day at Kurla Dawoodi Bohra Kabrastan in Zarimari area.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Works==<br /> His pen name, ''Mareez'', literally means &quot;a sick man&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Indian Writing Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wUtAQAAIAAJ|year=1967|publisher=Nirmala Sadanand Publishers|page=27}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wrote some [[Nazm]] and many Ghazals. In his financially difficult times, he sold his creation for which he was not credited. His first collection of Ghazals, Nazm and Muktak; ''Aagman'' was published in 1975. He dedicated it to Pravin Pandya. His second collection ''Nakshaa'' was published posthumously in 1984. Some of his poetry is published in ''Disha'' (1980) along with others.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSP&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt; His complete works, ''Samagra Mareez'', was published by his son in 2012. It was edited by [[Rajesh Vyas 'Miskin']].&lt;ref name=&quot;Singh2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nagendra Kr Singh|title=Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: I-M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVtuAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-81-7648-233-2|pages=472–473}}&lt;/ref&gt; His religious poetry was published in religious and social magazines. Some of them were later anthologised in ''Akidat'' (1991) edited by his son Mohsin Vasi and poet Gulamabbas 'Nashad'.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt;<br /> <br /> He also partially translated Urdu poetry, ''[[Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa|Siqva Jawab E Siqva]]'' by [[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]] in Gujarati.&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt; He had also written two books, ''Mazloom-e-Karbala'' and ''Hurr'' dedicated to [[Imam Hussain]] which are not available in publication.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Raeesh Maniar]] published his biography titled ''Mareez : Astitva Ane Vyaktitva''. It was later adapted into a play titled ''[[Mareez (play)|Mareez]]'', directed by [[Manoj Shah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;editorial&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=editorial | first=MTG | title=Mareez Gujarati Play/Drama | website=www.MumbaiTheatreGuide.com | url=http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/gujarati/mareez.asp | accessdate=7 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Recognition==<br /> He was felicitated in 1970 and in 1981 by Mareez Sanman Samiti for his contributions.&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt; He was awarded [[Premanand Suvarna Chandrak]] posthumously in 1984.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> He was introduced to Sona in the 1940s and they fell in love. They married in 1946. His son Mohsin was born in 1947 and his daughter Lulua in 1952.&lt;ref name=Kumar1060/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite book|author=Maniar, Raeesh|title=Mareez : Astitva Ane Vyaktitva : Life Story and selected poems of Mareez|language=gu|publisher=Image Publications|location=Ahmedabad|date=January 2001|isbn=978-81-7997-712-5|oclc=59530879|author-link=Raeesh Maniar}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=Purohit, Ramesh|title=Mareezni Gazal|year=2008|publisher=Navbharat Sahitya Mandir|isbn=978-81-8440-148-6|language=gu}}<br /> * {{cite book|author=Vadgama, Nitin|title=Gazal Sarjak Mareez|year=2006|publisher=Navbaharat Sahitya Mandir|language=gu|oclc=85765657}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mareez}}<br /> [[Category:1917 births]]<br /> [[Category:1983 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Surat]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]<br /> [[Category:Dawoodi Bohra people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Ismailis]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:Gujarati writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male poets]]<br /> [[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odia_Hindu_wedding&diff=477950 2025-12-29T00:42:06Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|none}} &lt;!-- &quot;none&quot; is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --&gt;<br /> '''Bahaghara''' ({{Langx|or|ଓଡ଼ିଆ ବାହାଘର}}) is the [[Hindu wedding|Hindu wedding ceremony]] performed by [[Odia people]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Odisha]]. It is the main ritual of an '''Odia Hindu wedding'''.<br /> <br /> The wedding rituals are performed at the ''Duara'' (home of the bride) and ''Tola kania''s (home of the groom).&lt;ref name=&quot;SinghIndia1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Kumar Suresh Singh|author2=Anthropological Survey of India|title=The scheduled castes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQRuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=15 May 2012|year=1993|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-0-19-563254-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Engagement ==<br /> The [[engagement]] ceremony is known as ''nirbandha''&lt;ref name = &quot;singh&quot;/&gt; ({{Langx|or|ନିର୍ବନ୍ଧ}}) or ''lagna dharaa'' ({{Langx|or|ଲଗ୍ନଧରା}}). The ritual takes place either in the home of the bride &lt;ref name = &quot;singh&quot;&gt; Singh, K. S.. People of India: Odisha (2 pts.). India, Anthropological Survey of India, 1992. &lt;/ref&gt; or a temple. Traditionally, [[prasada]] (sanctified food) that has been offered to [[Jagannath]] is given to the couple.&lt;ref name = &quot;singh&quot;/&gt; During the ceremony, fathers of the bride and groom hold sacred articles and make a vow, ''sankalpa'', to wed their children to each other. This is considered a commitment (''vaak nischaya'') after which the families proceed with making marriage arrangements, and it is accompanied by an exchange of gifts.<br /> <br /> == Invitations ==<br /> There is the custom of sending [[betel nut]]s to family and friends for inviting them to the marriage.<br /> <br /> ===Badhi jai anukuḷa ceremony===<br /> Jwaiñ anukuḷa ceremony marks the initiation of marriage rituals which happen in the bridegroom's house. This is followed by the distribution of [[Indian wedding invitations|Nimantraṇa patra (invitation cards)]].<br /> <br /> ===Distribution of invitations===<br /> The first invitation is sent to the family deity as a respect to the lord.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Arun S. Roy|title=Marriage Customs And Ceremonies in World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6onAQAAIAAJ|access-date=18 March 2012|date=21 April 2005|publisher=Trafford|isbn=978-1-4120-3848-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Deva Nimantrana:''' Nimantrana or Invitation marks the public announcement of the marriage function. As per Odia custom, the first card is sent to the family divinity. Usually the first card is placed before Lord [[Jagannath]]. <br /> <br /> '''Moula Nimantrana:''' The second invitation goes to the bride and groom's maternal uncle. This is called Moula Nimantrana. This has to go with some family member in person along with beetel nuts. Uncle or &quot;Mamu&quot; is one of the most respectable persons in events like marriages. Invitations can now be distributed among friends and relatives.<br /> <br /> '''Jwaiñ Nimantrana:''' Next to &quot;Mamu&quot;, &quot;Jwaiñ&quot; or son-in-law of the family is the most respectable invitee in marriages. In &quot;Odia Sanskruti&quot; and probably many other Indian customs, the &quot;Jwain Nimantrana&quot; ritual has an important significance. The Bride side father and other important person from family go to groom house with &quot;Sweekar&quot; and invite the groom. As per Odia rituals, no female should accompany them for this invite. Also, there is a strong religious reason for the same:<br /> <br /> As per Hindu theology, when &quot;Dakshya Prajapati&quot; arranged for a great [[Yajna]] (&quot;Hawan&quot;), he intentionally did not invite his son-in-law &quot;Lord Shiva&quot;. Wanting to visit her parents, relatives and childhood friends, [[Sati (goddess)|Sati]] sought to rationalize this omission. She reasoned within herself that her parents had neglected to make a formal invitation to them only because within family, such formality was unnecessary; certainly, she needed no invitation to visit her own mother and would go anyway. So, despite dissuasion from Shiva. Sati wanted to go. So finally Shiva let her go with his [[gana]]s. However, upon reaching there within no time Sati realized this mean intention of his father to offend Shiva. Sati was very upset by thinking herself as the cause of this dishonour to her husband. She was consumed by rage against her father and loathing for his mentality. Unable to bear this disrespect to her husband, Sati invoked her yogic powers and immolated herself. Shiva sensed this catastrophe, and his rage was incomparable. He loved Sati more than anything. He devastated the &quot;Yajna&quot; and supposedly slapped &quot;Dakshya Prajapati&quot; that Dakshya was beheaded by Shiva's stroke. Dakshya's head fell in the Yajna Agni. (later upon God's request, Shiva gave rebirth to Dakshya by replacing a goat head). Shiva was then with rage goes into [[Tandava]]. Learning a lesson from this, the significance of &quot;Jwain Nimantrana&quot; came into effect, so that no one else should ever think of insulting the son-in-law of a family in ceremonies.<br /> <br /> ==Mangana==<br /> The ceremony of Mangana is done one day before marriage mostly during afternoon. During 'mangana' people bless the bride and groom and then anointing turmeric paste on her body followed by the bride's ceremonial bath where turmeric paste (haḷadi baṭā) is put on her body by seven un-widowed women. Similarly the groom also undergoes turmeric anointment by his [[Saubhagyavati|sister-in-law whose husband is alive]].<br /> <br /> ===Jāiragaḍa anukuḷa===<br /> It is a ceremony, which marks the stoking of the fire. The uncooked pulses are ground with help of mortar and pestle and the paste is sent for preparing Dahl, [[Pitha]] etc.<br /> <br /> ===Diañ manguḷā puja(Gandhasana:ଗନ୍ଧଷଣ)===<br /> Diañ manguḷā puja is conducted at the [[Gramadevata|gramadevati]]'s temple. ''Baarikiyani'' (wife of a barber) offers the bride's bangles, toe ring, sindura and sari to the Goddess. During the Diañ mangaḷā Puja prayers are offered to the deity of a temple. The bridal saree, toe rings, shanka Pola and sindura (Vermilion) are offered before the Lord by the barber and the blessings of the Gods invoked for a long and happy married life. Later the father of groom and bride invoke each other's ancestors with a ritual called ''Nandimukha''.<br /> <br /> === Arrival of the groom ===<br /> The groom along with his marriage procession arrives at the wedding venue. This is known as Barajatri. Barajātri or Varaanugamana is the ceremonial procession when the groom and his family members and friends arrive at the wedding mandap amid great pomp and magnificence. Upon arrival of the baraat the groom is greeted with aarti or tilak followed by washing the feet of groom with tender coconut water and offering of curd mixed with honey and ghee. The bride is decorated with fine traditional jewelry. The groom is received into the bride's house by the younger brother of the bride, who carries the groom on his shoulder. Odia brides are traditionally dressed in yellow sarees with red borders called as ''Boula Patta'' for the wedding. However, these days, red, pink and orange outfits are also common.<br /> <br /> When the bride is informed of the groom's arrival, she takes a ceremonial bath called Baadua Pani Gadhua.<br /> <br /> == Wedding rituals ==<br /> In Odia marriage rituals, the mother of the [[bridegroom]] does not take part in the ceremony. <br /> <br /> === Kanyadāna ===<br /> {{Main|Kanyadana}}<br /> The wedding ritual begins with the Kanyādana ceremony which is held on the vivaha vedi. This structure is decorated with many flowers and leaves. This is the traditional ritual of handing over the daughter to the groom. The customary fire is lit and the priests chant the mantras. In this custom, the bride's father gives his daughter's hand to the groom with the promise that going forward bridegroom will take care of her. <br /> <br /> === Saptapadi ===<br /> {{Main|Saptapadi}}<br /> Seven heaps of rice grain symbolizing the seven hills and the saptakulaparwata are worshipped during the ''Saptapadi'' rite. The couple takes seven rounds around the fire &lt;ref name = &quot;singh/&gt; symbolizing the sacred fire as the witness for the marriage. <br /> <br /> === Hāta ganṭhi phita ===<br /> This ritual called ''Hata Ganthi'' or ''Pani Grahana'' onwards the bride considers herself as member of her husband's family instead. That's why bride is called &quot;duhita&quot; ({{Langx|or|ଦୁହିତା}}), meaning who is grown up in two families to do good for them at respective phase i.e. before marriage bride considers her parental family as her home and is considered auspicious to them. Similarly after marriage the bride is loyal to her husband's family and is treated auspicious as the daughter-in-law ({{Langx|or|କୂଳ ବଧୁ}}) of her new family.<br /> <br /> [[File:Odia Bahaghara Hata Ganthi.JPG|thumb|Hata Ganthi, or Panigrahana ritual of tying knot by keeping the bride's palm on groom's]]<br /> [[File:Odia bohu khai poda.jpg|thumb|An Odia bride offering [[Lia (food)|khai]] on fire during marriage at the time of ''Lajja Homa'' or ''Khai poda'']]<br /> During hāta ganṭhi, the bridegroom takes seven rounds around the holy fire of [[homa (ritual)|homa]], to the chant of [[mantra]]s and [[Śloka|slokas]]. A garland made of [[mango]] leaves which is considered as a holy symbol is bound by keeping the bride's hand along with bride groom's hand. 'Laja' or 'Khai' ({{Langx|or|ଖଇ}}) (puffed rice), a symbol of prosperity is offered to the fire which is called &quot;khaiporḍā&quot; (burning ''khai'') considering the bride as an [[avatar]] of [[Laxmi]] who brings wealth and prosperity to the new home. 'Khai' is tossed onto the path of the newly wed while they enter the home, the new bride tilts a vessel filled with rice with her right feet making the rice spills over the ground to make a way to her new home.<br /> <br /> The bride's brother stands behind the couple while the couple faces each other. The bride places her hands on the grooms and her brother puts the puffed rice into them. Together they offer this laja as 'ahuti' or sacrifice to the God of fire amidst the chanting of mantras. There is also a custom of bride's brother gives a punch on the back of the bridegroom which is called &quot;Saḷā bidhā&quot; (ଶଳା ବିଧା, Saḷā means wife's brother and bidhā means punch). Finally the knot is opened by younger sister of the bride or Shaali. The groom and bride go to see the pole star [[Polaris]]. The groom applies Sindura on the hair parting of bride and Shankha on arms (the vermilion powder and bangles ) which is called ''Sinduradaan''.<br /> <br /> === Kauḍi kheḷa ===<br /> Kauḍi kheḷa (''Literally'' Kaudi-playing, {{Langx|or|କଉଡ଼ି ଖେଳ}}) is a custom of playing Kauḍi/ Kauri, a white colored shining shell which is played by the newlywed couple after the marriage ceremony. Kauḍi/kauri is believed to be bringing wealth, harmony and prosperity to the family. The bridegroom first holds a Kauḍi in his fist and the bride tries to break the fist and get it by two of her hands. In the next round the bride make a tight fist with both of her hands with the Kauḍi inside and the bridegroom tries to open her hand with only one hand. Rounds of such games go on, the sisters and other younger members of the bride's family carry this custom where one elder lady from the bride's family assumes the role of judge.<br /> <br /> === Sāsu dahi pakhāḷa khiā ===<br /> Sāsu dahi pakhāḷa khiā ({{Langx|or|ଶାଶୁ ଦହି ପଖାଳ ଖିଆ}}) is a custom of the bride's mother feeding food to her new son-in-law. After the Kauḍi kheḷa is over the bride's mother makes the bridegroom sits on her lap feeds him with [[curd]]-[[Pakhala|Pakhāḷa]] with [[Dahi baigana|Baigana poda]] (Spiced [[eggplant]] mash). After this both the bride and bridegroom play a certain game to test the strength and intelligence of the groom.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy2005&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Kāndaṇā (bāhunā) ===<br /> [[File:OpenSpeaks-Ory-Balesoria-Musamoni Panigrahi-Matha Khanka Gita.webm|thumb|&quot;Mathā Khaṅkā Bāhunā&quot; (hair-braiding ''bahuna'') in [[Baleswari Odia]]]]<br /> [[File:Oral history of Odisha - Bahuna gita.webm|thumb|''Bahuna'' in [[Baleswari Odia]]]]<br /> Kāndaṇā ({{Langx|or|କାନ୍ଦଣା}}) or bāhunā ({{Langx|or|ବାହୁନା}}) is a rhythmic weeping song sung by the bride as well as other women of her family.&lt;ref name=&quot;t394&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | journal=Labyrinth |year=2014 |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=31 | via=EBSCO | url=https://openurl.ebsco.com/openurl?sid=ebsco:plink:scholar&amp;id=ebsco:gcd:93336558&amp;crl=c | access-date=2025-01-15 |title=A Shared Heritage of Humanity: A Glimpse into the Folklore of Odisha. &amp;#124; EBSCOhost }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Post-wedding rituals ==<br /> <br /> === Gruhaprabesa tradition ===<br /> {{Main|Grihapravesha}}<br /> Lajā homa is the conclusion of the wedding. The newly wed couple arrives at the new home where the groom's family gives her a ceremonial welcome called Gruhaprabesa. The bride, along with her husband enters her new home i.e. her in-laws place, where the groom's family gives them a warm welcome. <br /> <br /> === Chauṭhi/Bāsara rāti ===<br /> On fourth day after marriage bride and bride groom meet each other. This day is called 'Chauṭhi' (means the fourth day) and the night is called ''Bāsara rāti'' ''({{Langx|or|ବାସର ରାତି}})'' or ''Chauṭhi rati'' ''({{Langx|or|ଚଉଠି ରାତି}})''. During the day, there is ''chaturthi pinda daana'' i.e., a type of ''shraddh'' like ritual in which the ancestors of the groom's family are paid homage especially in the evening, [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] and [[Homa (ritual)|homa]] are practiced which includes burning a coconut to make it roasted inside. A room along with bed is decorated with bright fragrant flowers like [[Agave amica|Rajanigandha]]. This is the night of [[consummation]]. The bride glows a bāsara [[Diya (lamp)|dipa]] alongside the bed as a symbol of long lasting glowing relationship. The couple is offered to eat the roasted coconut (charu) from the homa during the night. There is also a tradition of the bride carrying a glass of [[saffron|kesara]] dudha (saffron milk) to the bridegroom. This ritual is also commonly known as [[Nisheka]] in Indian tradition. This is especially important because marriage is not considered complete or valid until consummation.<br /> <br /> === Asṭa mangaḷā custom ===<br /> The bride and the bridegroom are invited to the bride's house on the eighth day after the wedding known as Asṭa mangaḷā. Traditional [[Odia cuisine]] is prepared and served for the newly married couple.<br /> <br /> A [[Shankha]] ([[conch shell]]) is blown along with a specific sound called ''[[Ululudhvani|huḷu-huḷi]]'' by placing the tongue on the roof of the mouth with repeated opening and closing of mouth.<br /> <br /> ==Wedding outfits==<br /> {{Main|Indian wedding clothes}}<br /> <br /> === Bridegroom attire ===<br /> The Odia [[bridegroom]] (''bara'', {{Langx|or|ବର}}) wears [[dhoti]] (dhuti) and [[kurta]] (Punjabi) or sometimes drapes a white silk cloth around known as the &quot;joḍa (ଜୋଡ଼)&quot;. In the post-wedding reception, the groom wears formal attire, traditional Odia clothing (sherwani) or western outfit (blazer and formals). Dhoti is worn, or rather draped around, the waist in a particular pattern. Generally a white or cream colored dhoti is worn. A [[scarf]] like cloth called &quot;uttariya&quot; ({{Langx|or|ଜୋଡ଼}}) is put on left side of the shoulder. While the wedding rituals are on, the groom wears the &quot;jorḍa ({{Langx|or|ଜୋଡ଼}})&quot;, a white colored silk cloth draped around the bare body of the groom.<br /> <br /> === Bridal attire ===<br /> [[File:Alata pindha.png|thumb|&quot;Aḷatā pindha&quot; (Decorating feet with Alata, a red liquid that is used to paint the feet of the bride and groom during marriage)]] <br /> The bride (''kaniañ'', {{Langx|or|କନ୍ୟା}}) in Odisha wears a traditional red [[sari]] ({{Langx|or|ଶାଢ଼ୀ}}). She is adorned with fine gold jewelry as well as [[Chura (bangles)|bangles]]. In some parts of Odisha the bride wears shanka Palaa (white and red bangles); in other parts, Sankha (red bangles) is mandatory. The bride's mother, female relatives, and her friends decorate the bride.<br /> <br /> Traditional Odia saris used during weddings include:<br /> * [[Sambalpuri Saree]] of [[Sambalpur]]<br /> * [[Ikkat]] of [[Bargarh]]<br /> * [[Khandua]] (both Silk &amp; Cotton) of [[Cuttack]]<br /> * [[Bomkai]] or [[Sonepuri Sari]] (Silk &amp; Cotton) of [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]]<br /> * [[Berhampur Patta]] of [[Bramhapur]]<br /> * Matha silk or [[Tussar]] Silk of [[Mayurbhanj]]<br /> * Bapta cloth (Silk &amp; Cotton) of [[Koraput]]<br /> * Tanta Cotton of [[Balasore district|Baleswar]]<br /> <br /> == Cultural norms ==<br /> There are subtle differences in the rites observed by different [[caste]]s. The [[Utkala Brahmin]]s have their weddings only in the daytime, preferably at midday or in the morning, while the other caste weddings are done during the evening or night. Marriages in Odisha are mostly fixed and arranged by the parents. <br /> <br /> Traditionally, [[widow remarriage]] is allowed in some lower caste, in this case the younger brother is allowed to marry the deceased brother's wife. {{citation needed|date=August 2012}} (The social stigma of widows remarrying is still prevalent in the Odia society )<br /> <br /> === Arranging the wedding ===<br /> The wedding is arranged by the elders of both the family. The arrangement depends on the family values and traditions. Some families consider the horoscope matching mandatory. The better the match, the happier will be the couple's married life. However, the marriage largely depends on the bride and groom's mutual acceptance to each other and to both the families.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Odia wedding}}<br /> *[http://www.culturalindia.net/weddings/regional-weddings/oriya-wedding.html Oriya Wedding] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211857/http://www.culturalindia.net/weddings/regional-weddings/oriya-wedding.html |date=2015-09-23 }}<br /> <br /> {{Odisha}}<br /> {{Odia culture}}<br /> {{South Asian wedding}}<br /> {{Wedding}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Culture of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Marriage in Hinduism]]<br /> [[Category:Marriage in India]]<br /> [[Category:Weddings by culture]]<br /> [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=RT_India&diff=527796 2025-12-21T19:59:06Z

<p>Surojits999: Created redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[RT (TV network)]]<br /> <br /> {{Rcat shell|<br /> {{R to related topic}}<br /> }}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Losal&diff=450639 2025-11-15T02:37:02Z

<p>Surojits999: Improved article clarity and structure</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Small city (Town) in Rajasthan, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{multiple issues|<br /> {{one source|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{tone|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{weasel|date=September 2018}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Losal<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Town<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|27.4|N|74.92|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Sikar district|Sikar]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 410<br /> | population_total = 28504<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi &amp; Rajasthani]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 332025<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 01577<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | official_name = <br /> }}<br /> '''Losal''' is a town with [[municipality]] in the [[Sikar district|Sikar District]] in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Losal is located at {{Coord|27.4|N|74.92|E|}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Losal.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Losal]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Losal Pin Code, Losal, Sikar Map, Latitude and Longitude, Rajasthan |url=https://indiamapia.com/Sikar/Losal.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=indiamapia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has an average elevation of 410&amp;nbsp;meters (1345&amp;nbsp;feet).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elevation of Losal, India Elevation Map, Topography, Contour |url=https://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=1264756 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=www.floodmap.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Losal lays 100&amp;nbsp;km northeast of [[Jaipur]].<br /> <br /> Losal, located in Sikar District along the Sikar to Salasar highway and intersected by the Sikar to Diwana highway. Losal is organized into thirty-five wards.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Losal is holy land of Baba Parmanand and Baba Raghuveer Das ji, both famous saints of Shekhawat. The oldest school here is senior secondary co-ed school, built by the late Seth Shri Dedraj Khaitan. Now there are about 50 schools and colleges in Losal. Total resident population of Losal is about 30,000 in addition to more than 15,000 students studying in local institutions.<br /> <br /> Shri Dedraj Khaitan was the brother of Shri Mukha Lal Khaitan, one of the biggest jute traders of Calcutta in pre-independence era. Sri Mukha Lal Khaitan and Shri Dedraj Khaitan then established Losal's first School called Sri Ded Raj Khaitan School and its first Hospital, now both run by State Government of Rajasthan. Smt. Gulab Devi Khaitan, wife of Shri Dedraj khaitan also laid the foundation stone of first and only library in Losal to promote education in the town. They also constructed the first Girls hostel in Sikar today known as Krishna Chatrawaas for Dalit girls. Smt. Gulab Devi Khaitan was the sister of Seth Sri [[Jamnalal Bajaj]], noted industrialist, philanthropist, freedom fighter and a very close associate of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Haripura is a small village under Losal municipal corporation, is native palace of Kargil sahid Syodana Ram Bijarniya. <br /> The town is witnessing accelerated growth recently with the development of several educational institutions, real estate projects and town development activities. Many of these projects are being developed by an infrastructure development company which is part of the business group of Shri Hargovind Khaitan, the only son of late Shri Dedraj Khaitan. The company is working to transform people's lives in rural and semi urban areas by providing better amenities, infrastructure and access to opportunities. The main objectives of these initiatives are:<br /> # Provide dwelling units to all the village citizens with clean water supply and sanitation facilities, <br /> # Apart from upgrading existing schools, establishment of few colleges, world class vocational training institutions in construction, carpentry, welding, natural art; computer maintenance and services, IT Enabled Services, BPO and a Call Center, <br /> # Enable people in the town to get quality healthcare through tele-medicine and also through mobile clinics,<br /> 4) Promotion of horticulture products, apart from agriculture in collaboration with nearby agricultural universities and research institutions, <br /> 5) Promotion of agro-processing industries for value addition to horticulture produce,<br /> 6) Creation of dairy farms for providing additional non-farm revenue to farmers, <br /> 7) Provision of employment to all employable people of the village through additional jobs in dairy, agro-processing, construction, handicraft and tourism enterprises.<br /> 8) Losal not a village but it is city<br /> <br /> Losal is a Municipality city in the Sikar district, Rajasthan. Losal city is divided into 25 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Losal Municipality has the population of 28,504 of which 14,185 are males while 14,319 are females as per a report released by Census India 2011.<br /> <br /> The population of Children with age of 0-6 is 4267 which is 14.97% of the total population of Losal (M). In Losal Municipality, the female sex ratio is 1009 against state average of 928. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Losal is around 900 compared to Rajasthan state average of 888. The literacy rate of Losal city is 67.69% higher than the state average of 66.11%. In Losal, male literacy is around 82.03% while the female literacy rate is 53.77%.<br /> <br /> Losal Municipality has total administration over 4,518 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Losal Municipality limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Losal Municipality City Population Census 2011-2024 {{!}} Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800528-losal-rajasthan.html |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are a lot of temples in Losal: the temple of Ramdev ji, Balaji, Shesh Nag is the main temple. <br /> Shesh Nag temple is well known for Krishna Janmasthmi.<br /> Here every year shri krishna janmasthmi celebrates by shri krishna bal mandal.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Sikar district}}<br /> <br /> https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800528-losal-rajasthan.html<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Sikar district]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Numerical_Research_and_Analysis_Group&diff=458560 2025-10-25T02:30:42Z

<p>Surojits999: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Laboratory<br /> |name = Advanced Numerical Research &amp; Analysis Group<br /> |motto = <br /> |logo =<br /> |image = <br /> |established = 2 May 1988<br /> |city = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]<br /> |country = [[India]]<br /> |research_field = <br /> |type = <br /> |director = <br /> |staff = <br /> |budget = <br /> |operating_agency = [[DRDO]]<br /> |affiliations = <br /> |address = [[Kanchanbagh]], &lt;br&gt;Hyderabad-500 058<br /> |telephone = <br /> |campus = <br /> |website = [https://www.drdo.gov.in/labs-establishment/contact-us/advanced-numerical-research-analysis-group-anurag ANURAG Home Page]<br /> |footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Advanced Numerical Research and Analysis Group''' ('''ANURAG''') was a laboratory of the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO). Located in [[Kanchanbagh]], [[Hyderabad]], it was involved in the development of computing solutions for [[numerical analysis]] and their use in other DRDO projects.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> ANURAG was established on 2 May 1988, to development of indigenous supercomputer. Later in 1991, ANURAG became a part of defense R&amp;D Organization.support aeronautical design work,&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalSecurity&quot;&gt;[http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/hyderabad-drc-other.htm#anurag Defence Research Complex, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad], GlobalSecurity.org report on ANURAG.&lt;/ref&gt; with the mandate of executing specific, time-bound projects leading to the development of custom designed computing systems and software packages for numerical analysis and other applications.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/ANURAG/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsp |title=DRDO |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328233718/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/ANURAG/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsp |archive-date=28 March 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2020, it is not longer functional or act as an independent laboratory. All the staff members are transferred to others DRDO labs in Hyderabad, Bangalore and Delhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mohan|first=Vijay|date=30 November 2020|title=DRDO shuts down 3 labs, sends staff to other centres|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/drdo-shuts-down-three-labs-sends-staff-to-other-centres-177986|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109121110/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/drdo-shuts-down-three-labs-sends-staff-to-other-centres-177986|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Areas of work ==<br /> <br /> ANURAG helps design and develop advanced computing systems. Much of this research is conducted in state-of-the-art concepts like [[Parallel computing|parallel architectures]], etc., in order to build up a technology base in these areas. Its areas of work are:&lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071215010031/http://drdo.org/labs/electronics/anurag/areas.shtml ANURAG Home Page- Areas of work]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * [[Parallel computing|Parallel processing]] technology.<br /> * Scientific Data Visualisation<br /> * System engineering, integration.<br /> * General purpose microprocessors.<br /> * 1 [[micrometre]] CMOS fabrication technology.<br /> * Design and development of [[VLSI]] chips &amp; SOC development.<br /> * Processor related technology.<br /> * System software development for custom made processors.<br /> * Analog, RF and Mixed-signal ASIC design<br /> <br /> == Products ==<br /> <br /> === PACE ===<br /> <br /> '''PACE (Processor for Aerodynamic Computations and Evaluation)''',&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalSecurity&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;achievements&quot;/&gt; developed by ANURAG, is a loosely coupled, message-passing [[Parallel computing|parallel processing]] [[supercomputer]]. PACE was originally designed to cater to the [[Computational Fluid Dynamics]] (CFD) needs in aircraft design. It can also be used for other fields such as [[weather forecasting]], automobile &amp; civil engineering design, and [[Molecular Biology]]. These systems have been built using VME-bus based Pentium processor boards, ATM switches, and Reflective Memory communication hardware.<br /> <br /> In 1987, India decided to launch a national initiative in supercomputing to design, develop and deliver a [[supercomputer]] in the [[gigaflop]]s range. Complementary projects were initiated in various labs, ANURAG being one of them. PACE was unveiled by then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]] in April 1995.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}<br /> <br /> In late 1998, ANURAG developed the 15 times more powerful '''&quot;Pace Plus 32&quot;''', which can be used to support missile development, as well as other fields. A 128-node '''PACE++''' system, built using Pentium processor-based VME boards was unveiled by Dr. [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]] in January 2004. The performance of this system is 50 Gigaflops (sustained performance). It has been installed at the [[Indian Institute of Science]], [[Bangalore]]. At present work is in progress on a parallel processing system based on Linux clusters targeted to deliver 1 [[teraflop]] performance.<br /> <br /> === ANAMICA ===<br /> <br /> '''ANAMICA (ANURAG's Medical Imaging and Characterization Aid)'''&lt;ref name=&quot;achievements&quot;&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071111201239/http://drdo.org/labs/electronics/anurag/achieve.shtml ANURAG Achievements]}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[DICOM]] compliant three-dimensional medical visualization software for data obtained from any medical imaging system like [[MRI]], [[Computed tomography|CT]] and [[Medical ultrasonography|Ultrasound]]. The software has two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization techniques to visualize the images in various ways. The sequence of images obtained from any imaging system by scanning of a single patient is packed to form a three-dimensional grid. The software has also been modified for accepting data from Industrial CT systems.<br /> <br /> === General purpose microprocessors ===<br /> <br /> ANURAG has designed and developed general-purpose [[microprocessors]]- ANUPAMA and ABACUS. ANUPAMA is a 32-bit [[RISC]] processor, and works at 33&amp;nbsp; MHz clock speed. The complete software development tool kit is available for application development. A [[single-board computer]] based on ANUPAMA is available for evaluation and software development. ANUPAMA is also available as an IP core.<br /> <br /> ABACUS is a 32-bit processor for multi-tasking applications with virtual memory support. It is designed around ANUPAMA core with additions like MMU, two levels of cache, double-precision FPU, SDRAM controller. The IP core of ABACUS is available in Verilog RTL code. This processor is suited for desktop applications. A complete software platform is available for the ABACUS processor and a single board computer with ABACUS is implemented. Linux Kernel is ported.<br /> <br /> === Other technologies ===<br /> <br /> ANURAG has designed a 16-bit DSP processor, which is available as an IP core and the design is packaged in 120-pin CPGA. It has also designed other processors and arithmetic cores. ANURAG has also been able to fabricate [[CMOS]] designs up to 1-micrometer size and with up to 100,000 gates. Die sizes of 14 x 14&amp;nbsp; mm have been achieved.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071111201304/http://www.drdo.org/labs/electronics/anurag/index.shtml ANURAG Home Page]}}<br /> * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/hyderabad-drc-other.htm#anurag Defence Research Complex, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad], GlobalSecurity.org report on DRDO labs in Kanchanbagh, including ANURAG.<br /> <br /> {{coord|17.334071|78.491888|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{DRDO Laboratories}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Advanced Numerical Research And Analysis Group}}<br /> [[Category: Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories]]<br /> [[Category: Research institutes in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:1988 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Research institutes established in 1988]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prathista&diff=459248 2025-09-18T11:11:45Z

<p>Surojits999: small correct references per standard format additionally and added references</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Rasaleela (2012 film)#Cast]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._H._Saboo_Siddik_College_of_Engineering&diff=513889 2025-09-08T11:56:15Z

<p>Surojits999: Creating the article initial version - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Engineering college in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | motto = Saboo Siddik<br /> | name = M.H.Saboo Siddik College of Engineering<br /> | image_name = <br /> | image_size = 200px<br /> | established = 22 April 1936<br /> | principal = Dr. Mohiuddin Ahmed<br /> | city = Mumbai<br /> | state = [[States and Territories of India|Maharashtra]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]]<br /> | type = [[Education]] and [[Research]] [[Institution]]<br /> | free_label = Grade A<br /> | affiliation = [[University of Mumbai]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]] – [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''M. H. Saboo Siddik''' (''commonly known'' as '''MHSSE''' or '''Saboo Siddik''' or '''Saboo''') is an [[engineering]] [[college]] located in [[Byculla]] at Saboo Siddik Polytechnic Road, Mumbai, India, affiliated with the [[University of Mumbai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;University of Mumbai&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mu.ac.in/colleges/engg/mumbai.html|title=University of Mumbai Affiliated Colleges (Engineering)|publisher=University of Mumbai|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224160115/http://www.mu.ac.in/colleges/engg/mumbai.html|archivedate=24 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> It is an 'A' Grade institution, and is accredited by [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AICTE&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/ET/Maharashtra_ET/Maharashtra_3_ET.pdf|title=AICTE Accredited Institutes|publisher=AICTE}}&lt;/ref&gt; The college 154 staff (57-teaching, 97-non-teaching) and a student body of about 1200.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The Mohammed Haji Saboo Siddik Institute (A Muslim Minority Institution) owes its existence to the munificence of late Mohammed, son of Haji Saboo Siddik, who bequeathed a large sum of money for establishing, conducting and managing this Institution for imparting Vocational, Technical and Industrial training and education. The value of the assets, so bequeathed, exceeded Rupees Three Crore at the time of donation.<br /> <br /> ==Management and infrastructure==<br /> [[File:Mhsscoe 1.jpg|200px|College Façade]]<br /> {{clear}}The Institution is managed and administered by the ''Anjuman-i-Islam'' as the sole trustee, appointed by the [[Bombay High Court]]'s decree and scheme framed and sanctioned thereunder.<br /> <br /> The college building accommodates workshops, laboratories, classrooms, lecture halls, drawing halls, student's common room, seminar hall, library, reading-rooms, offices. The library of the college is housed in a separate building and it has reference sections and reading-rooms for students and staff. A Seminar Hall was inaugurated by [[Zafar Saifullah]] IAS, ''[[Cabinet Secretary of India]]'' &amp; [[Dr. Raja Ramanna]], ''Minister of State for Defence'' and an eminent scientist of India, on the annual day celebrations on 9 April 2001.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}}<br /> <br /> ==Notable alumni and faculty==<br /> * [[Kader Khan]] was a faculty of civil engineering between 1970 and 1975<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * http://mhssce.ac.in/ – Official website of M. H. Saboo Siddik ring.<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering}}<br /> [[Category:Engineering colleges in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Affiliates of the University of Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1936]]<br /> [[Category:1936 establishments in India]]</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruchengattangudi&diff=541435 2025-08-22T02:14:34Z

<p>Surojits999: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Orphan|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=November 2019}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> <br /> '''Tiruchengathangudi ''' is a village in the Thirumarugal Block in the [[Nagapattinam]] District of [[Tamil Nadu]] state. It is on the border of the Nagapattinam, [[Karaikal]] and Thiruvarur districts. This village is located close to the [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] state border and {{convert|292|km}} from the state capital [[Chennai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Thiruchankattangudi |first1=village |title=List of village panchayat |url=https://tnrd.gov.in/databases/tn_village_details.pdf |website=Tnrd.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographic==<br /> Tamil is the village's local language.<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> The closest railway station to Tiruchengathangudi is Nannilam Railway Station and Punthottam Railway Station. Tiruchengathangudi can also be reachedlace by bus; the nearest bus stops are Thirumarugal, Puragramam, Settur Village and EB.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Nagapattinam district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Nagapattinam-geo-stub}}</div>

Surojits999 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warburg%27s_tincture&diff=545539 2025-08-06T14:31:47Z

<p>Surojits999: Starting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Pharmaceutical drug invented in 1834}}<br /> '''Warburg's tincture''' was a [[pharmaceutical]] drug, now obsolete. It was invented in 1834 by Dr. [[Carl Warburg]].<br /> <br /> Warburg's [[tincture]] was well known in the [[Victorian era]] as a medicine for [[fevers]], especially tropical fevers, including malaria. It was considered, by some, to be superior to [[quinine]].<br /> <br /> Warburg's Tincture was a secret, proprietary remedy. The formula was not published until 1875. Later, it was included in the first edition of ''[[Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia]]''. Warburg's Tincture included an array of ingredients, including quinine.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/Wa/Warburg%2527s+tincture.html ''Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary'', 1913]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=warburg1870&gt;Warburg, Carl (1870, London), ''Warburg Tincture: Statement proving by numerous official documents its remarkable curative powers in fevers...''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet1875&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Maclean, C.B. |date=November 13, 1875 |title=PROFESSOR MACLEAN, C.B., ON THE TRUECOMPOSITION AND THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF WARBURG'S TINCTURE |url=https://zenodo.org/records/1565450 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |work=The Lancet |pages=716–718}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Synonyms ==<br /> List of alternative names by which Warburg's Tincture was known or referred to:<br /> * 'Warburg Tincture' &lt;ref&gt;''British Medical Journal'', 1957-01-31&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''the dublin quarterly journal of medical science'' vol xlvii&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Lancet'', 1851&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 'The Warburg Tincture' &lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;<br /> * 'Warburg's Fever Tincture'<br /> * 'Warburg's Fever Tincture and Tonic Medicine'<br /> * 'Warburg Fever Tincture and Tonic Medicine'<br /> * 'Warburg's Vegetable Fever Tincture'<br /> * 'Dr Warburg's Vegetable Fever Drops' &lt;ref name=&quot;Warburg, Carl 1839&quot;&gt;Warburg, Carl (1839, London), ''Specific for fever, now first introduced into Europe'', pamphlet&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 'Warburg's Vegetable Fever Drops'<br /> * 'Dr Warburg's Tincture'<br /> * 'Dr Warburg's Fever Tincture'<br /> * 'Warburg Drops'<br /> * 'Warburg's Drops'<br /> * 'Warburg's Fever Drops'<br /> * 'Dr Warburg's Fever Drops' &lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;<br /> * 'Dr Warburg's Drops'<br /> * 'Tinctura Warburgi' &lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;<br /> * 'Tinctura Warburgii'<br /> * 'Tinctura antifebrilis Warburgi'<br /> * 'Tinctura antifebrilis Warburgii'<br /> * 'Tinctura Antiperiodica'<br /> * 'Antiperiodica Tincture'<br /> * 'Warburg' (informal)<br /> <br /> == Appearance and format==<br /> <br /> As its name implies, Warburg's Tincture was originally available only in liquid form. It was deep brown to golden yellow in colour; its taste was bitter and not very palatable. It was sold in small bottles of unique design, containing about one ounce.&lt;ref name=Lancet1875/&gt; The label affixed to each bottle bore the registered trademark, which depicted an image of the bottle accompanied by a facsimile of Carl Warburg's signature.&lt;ref&gt;archives of joint stock companies, National Archives, Kew.&lt;/ref&gt; By 1888 the drug was available in tablet form.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;''The British Medical Journal'', edition 1888-12-01, p. 1232&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> Warburg's Tincture was invented by Dr Carl Warburg in 1834, in [[British Guiana]] (now [[Guyana]]). It was introduced into Europe in 1839.&lt;ref name=&quot;Warburg, Carl 1839&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=medico-chirurgical,1839&gt;''The medico-chirurgical review and journal of medical science'', Volume 34, p. 658, 1839&lt;/ref&gt; Warburg's Tincture received medical trials in British Guiana in the 1830s, and then elsewhere around the world in the 1840s and 1850s. In 1846, Warburg's Tincture was extensively trialled in Austria and, the following year, it was adopted as an official medicine by the [[Austrian Empire]], by imperial order.&lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851&gt;''Medical Times'', edition, 1851-1-4, pp. 700–702, letter from Carl Warburg&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Warburg's Tincture was sold as a secret, proprietary medicine for over forty years, and was marketed and manufactured by Carl Warburg for many decades. He wanted the British Government to procure the formula of Warburg's Tincture from him, but such an arrangement never came to fruition. Nevertheless, the British Government was a significant client, procuring Warburg's Tincture for military forces serving overseas in [[India]] and [[Ceylon]] (now [[Sri Lanka]]); in Africa, in [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (now [[Ghana]]), [[Gambia]] and [[Sierra Leone]]; in the [[West Indies]]; and in [[Cyprus]], [[Corfu]], [[Mauritius]] and [[China]].&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lancet1875/&gt; In 1867, in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]], [[Sir Robert Anstruther, 5th Baronet]] asked the Secretary of War why Warburg's Tincture was not being supplied in larger quantities to troops in India.&lt;ref&gt;[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1867/may/28/question#S3V0187P0_18670528_HOC_10 Hansard, 1867-5-28]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Writing in 1870, Carl Warburg lamented that his [[eponymous]] drug was &quot;comparatively unknown&quot;.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt; The formula was disclosed by him in November 1875 when it was published on his behalf in ''[[The Lancet]]'' and ''The Medical Times''.&lt;ref name=Lancet1875/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Medical Times and Gazette'', November 1875&lt;/ref&gt; In 1855, it retailed at 6s/6d a bottle.&lt;ref&gt;official advertisement, 1855&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Famous users===<br /> <br /> Famous [[Victorian era|Victorians]] who are documented to have used Warburg's Tincture include:<br /> * Captain [[Sir Richard Francis Burton]] - explorer and diplomat &lt;ref&gt;Burton, Sir Richard Francis, and Cameron, Verney Lovett (1883) ''To the Gold Coast for gold; a personal narrative'', pp. 231–232, 239.[https://archive.org/details/togoldcoastforgo02burtiala/]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;article Burton, Sir Richard Francis, 'Gold on the Gold Coast', ''Journal of the Society of the Arts'', edition 1882-6-2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Times'', edition 1878-08-28, letter from Burton, Sir Richard Francis.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Burton, Sir Richard Francis, ''The Lake Regions of Central Africa'', pp. 388–389 [https://books.google.com/books?id=iTBv7QW1rJIC&amp;dq=tinctura+warburgii&amp;pg=PA388]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=KCZRSVhNQCoC&amp;dq=tinctura+warburgii&amp;pg=PA308 ''The Life of Capt. Sir Richard F. Burton'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The True Life of Capt. Sir Richard F. Burton'', Georgiana M. Stisted, p. 395 [https://books.google.com/books?id=E-2Qqh95sNEC&amp;dq=tinctura+warburgii&amp;pg=PA395]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * General [[Charles George Gordon]] of Khartoum - senior army officer and colonial administrator &lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=SN_2QAlkqwMC&amp;q=tincture&amp;pg=PT6 ''The Life of Gordon'', Vol. 1 (2009) by Boulger, D. C]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Dr [[David Livingstone]] - missionary and explorer &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.livingstoneonline.ucl.ac.uk/view/transcript.php?id=LP105 Note by David Livingstone, 1860-11-28]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/lifelettersoffre00milluoft/lifelettersoffre00milluoft_djvu.txt ''British Medical Journal,'' edition 1861-06-29]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] - [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] artist.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org&quot;&gt;letter from Rossetti to Frederic Shields, dated 1869-8-27 - ''The life and letters of Frederic Shields'' [https://archive.org/stream/lifelettersoffre00milluoft/lifelettersoffre00milluoft_djvu.txt].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Frederic Shields]] - artist and illustrator.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Medicinal uses ==<br /> <br /> === Medicinal claims ===<br /> <br /> Warburg's Tincture was promoted by its inventor, Dr Carl Warburg, as a medicine suitable for treating all types of [[fevers]], but especially tropical fevers, including [[malaria]] and [[yellow fever]]; and that it could also be used as a [[Herbal tonic|tonic]] in debility and convalescence. He claimed that his [[eponymous]] tincture was superior to any other [[antipyretic]], including [[quinine]]. &quot;I assert that for perfect safety, for efficacy, rapidity of action, and for economy, my tincture has no rival, nor any approach to it&quot;. He also stated that quinine only &quot;relieves&quot;, whereas Warburg's Tincture &quot;cures&quot;. He advocated that Warburg's Tincture could be employed at all stages of fever, as well as a [[prophylactic]].&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{quotation|&quot; [Warburg’s Tincture] is an unfailing remedy in all cases of Intermittent, Continued, Continued-Remittment, Nervous and [[Typhus]] Fevers; [[Cholera]], [[Diarrhoea]], and [[Dysentery]]; [[Scrofula]] in all its forms; Incipient Consumption, Chronic Bronchitic Cough, Want of Appetite, Delirium Tremens, Morbid Digestion, arising from excess in the use of spirituous drinks, [[Scurvy]] and every disease of a scorbutic character. &quot;<br /> ::'''Official advertisement, 1855'''&lt;ref&gt;Official advertisement for Warburg's Tincture, 1855&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> ===19th century===<br /> <br /> In the Victorian era Warburg's Tincture was principally employed in the treatment of tropical [[fevers]], including [[malaria]], [[yellow fever]] and [[typhus]]. It was therefore an [[antipyretic]], and an [[antimalarial drug]].&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lancet1875/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Medical Times – Pharmaceutical Number'', December 1844, pp. 182–184.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===20th century===<br /> <br /> Warburg's Tincture was vaunted as being superior to quinine in the treatment of malaria by many in the Victorian era. Quinine remained the first-line antimalarial drug of choice until the 1940s, when other drugs replaced it. Until recently [[Chloroquine]] was the most widely used antimalarial drug. {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Warburg's Tincture was included in [[Burroughs Wellcome &amp; Company]]'s tabloid medicine cases of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<br /> <br /> &quot;There is now no exact equivalent of Warburg's Tincture ....The most similar modern preparation is ammoniated tincture of quinine. This omits aloes and rhubarb, whose function was a laxative to 'purge' the patient's system, an approach to fever treatment now redundant. Ammoniated tincture of quinine last appeared in the ''[[British Pharmaceutical Codex]]'' of 1963, but still remains an official preparation that could be prepared if necessary....it was popular as an over the counter medicine for colds until c. 1980, but is now rarely used.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;correspondence from the Museum of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain to Roland Sparkes, December 1998.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reputation and efficacy==<br /> <br /> 'Warburg's Tincture' was a well-known drug in the Victorian era.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Chemist and Druggist'', edition 1890-6-14, letter from Sir Sydney Holland&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dr Alexander Silver, minutes of meeting of Harveian Society, ''The British Medical Journal'', edition 1868-02-29, p. 206&lt;/ref&gt; It earned itself a well regarded international reputation in certain quarters of the medical profession, many attesting to its efficacy and value.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cantlie, James, ''Some Tropical Diseases and the Remedies required for their Treatment and Phrophylxis'', pp. 23–24, 1908, Royal Society of Medicine [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045782/?page=1]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Practitioner&gt;Dr William Henry Broadbent, article, ''The Practitioner'', edition February 1877, pp.196–202.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One of the most notable and strongest advocates of Warburg's Tincture was Surgeon-General [[W. C. Maclean]], C.B, (1811–1898), Professor of Military Medicine at the Army Medical School, at Chatham and later at the [[Royal Victoria Military Hospital]], Netley, from 1860 until 1885.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jstor.org/pss/20256822 obituary, ''The British Medical Journal'', 1898]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jstor.org/pss/20261407 ''The British Medical Journal'', 1899-07-29]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;article by JSG Blair, ''Army Medical Corps'' journal, 2005, pp.49–50&lt;/ref&gt; Maclean contributed the chapters on malarial fevers and dysentery in ''A System of Medicine'', edited by [[Sir John Russell Reynolds]] (the latter being &quot;an eminent and highly influential physician in the Victorian era who held the Presidencies of the [[Royal College of Physicians of London]], and of the [[British Medical Association]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;M.J. Eadi, article, 'The neurological legacy of John Russell Reynolds(1828–1896)'.[https://archive.today/20120909103106/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6WHP-4MW904H-4&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=04/30/2007&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=8f7bc05df95b45f932212da05e2b5237]&lt;/ref&gt;). Maclean considered Warburg's Tincture to be the best drug for the treatment of malaria and, in his lectures and writings on tropical diseases, he strongly recommended its use.&lt;ref name=Lancet1875/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;'Malarial Fevers' by Dr W. C. Maclean, ''A System of Medicine'', 1866, edited by Sir John Russell Reynolds [https://books.google.com/books?id=CRYDAAAAQAAJ]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Times'', edition 1878-9-18, letter from Surgeon-General W.C. Maclean&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The British Medical Journal'', edition 1890-09-18, correspondence&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{quotation|&quot; I have treated remittent fevers of every degree of severity contracted in the jungles of the Deccan and the Mysore, at the base of the mountain ranges in India, on the Coromandel Coast, in the pestilential highlands of the northern division of the Madras Presidency, on the malarial rivers of China, and in men brought to [Royal Victoria Military Hospital, Netley] from the swamps of the Gold Coast, and I affirm that I have never seen quinine, when given alone, act in the characteristic of this tincture....I have never seen a single dose of [quinine] given alone, to the extent of nine grains and half, suffice to arrest an exacerbation of remittent fever, much less prevent its recurrence, while nothing is more common than to see the same quantity of the alkaloid in Warburg’s tincture bring about both results. &quot;<br /> ::Surgeon-General W. C. Maclean, Professor of Military Medicine at the Army Medical School, Netley - ''[[The Lancet]]'', 1875&lt;ref name=Lancet1875/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> In addition to Surgeon-General Maclean, Warburg's Tincture was highly praised by many other eminent medical professionals of the Victorian era, including:<br /> * Sir [[James Johnson (surgeon and writer)|James Johnson]] M.D. - physician extraordinary to [[King William IV]].&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=medico-chirurgical,1839/&gt;<br /> * [[Sir James Clark]] M.D. - royal physician to [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]].&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;<br /> * [[Sir William Henry Broadbent, 1st Baronet]], M.D. - [[St Mary's Hospital, London]] and [[London Fever Hospital]], Physician in Ordinary to [[Queen Victoria]] and [[King Edward VII]]. (&quot;Warburg’s Tincture has long held a high reputation in India, as a remedy of undoubted and indeed unequalled power in the treatment of the malignant malarial fevers of that country and of cholera. Testimony to its efficacy has come from men whose capability and opportunities of forming an opinion could not be disputed&quot;, 1877) &lt;ref name=Practitioner/&gt;<br /> * Dr [[Thomas Southwood Smith]] - [[London Fever Hospital]], and recognised expert on the treatment of fevers.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;<br /> * Dr [[Benjamin Guy Babington]] - [[Guy's Hospital]] (&quot;I consider it the most potent anti-intermittent medicine I have ever employed&quot;, 1851).&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;<br /> * Dr F. C. Skey - [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]], and Professor of Surgery to [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]].&lt;ref&gt;advertisement, 1851&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Sir James Gibson, M.D., K.C.B. - Director-General, Army Medical Department, Whitehall, London.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;<br /> * [[Andrew Halliday (physician)|Sir Andrew Halliday]], M.D. - Deputy Inspector General of Military Hospitals.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Lancet'', 1851-04-19&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Dr Macgrath - Director-General, Army Medical Department, Madras, India.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;<br /> * Dr Joseph Johann Knolz - head of the civilian medical department of the Austrian Empire.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;<br /> * Dr Rieken - Belgium, physician to [[Leopold I of Belgium]].&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;<br /> * Count E Bylandt M.D. - physician to [[William II of the Netherlands]]&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;<br /> * Dr Salgues - Dijon, France.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=MedicalTimes1851/&gt;<br /> * Dr Uyttrhoven - Brussels, Belgium.&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Detractors, secret remedy===<br /> <br /> As a consequence of Warburg's Tincture being sold as a secret, proprietary remedy, many in the medical profession, particularly in England, derided, distrusted and dismissed it as a '[[patent medicine]]' or 'quack medicine', and disliked it and criticised Carl Warburg on grounds of [[professional ethics]].&lt;ref name=warburg1870/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lancet1875/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Status, entries in pharmacopoeia, formulary and other pharmaceutical compendia==<br /> * Warburg's Tincture was adopted by the Austrian empire as an official medicine in 1847; it was added to the Austrian 'Materia Medica' under the name 'Tinctura Warburgi'.<br /> * Warburg's Tincture appeared in the first edition of ''[[Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia]]'' (now known as ''[[Martindale: The complete drug reference]]'') in 1883, and was included until the 19th edition of 1928.&lt;ref&gt;''Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia'' – various editions&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Warburg's Tincture was included in the National Formulary Section of ''The Dispensatory for the United States of America'' in the 20th edition in 1918, listed under the entry for 'Tinctura Antiperiodica'.&lt;ref&gt;''United States Dispensatory'' 20th Edition, p. 1834, 1918, Joseph P. Remington et al.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''The Pocket Formulary, and synopsis of the British &amp; Foreign pharmacopoeias: comprising standard and approved formulae for the preparation and compounds employed in medical practice'' London, by Henry Beasley. Included in various editions, e.g. 1851 (fifth edition), 1856, 1877.<br /> * ''Jahresbericht der Pharmazie'', 1910, Munich, Germany.<br /> * Warburg's Tincture is now obsolete as a medicinal drug. It last appeared in the [[Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia]] in 1928.<br /> <br /> == Properties / formula ==<br /> <br /> The formula of Warburg's Tincture was disclosed by its inventor in November 1875 when it was published in ''[[The Lancet]]'' and ''[[The Medical Times and Gazette|The Medical Times]]'' on his behalf.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet1875&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Ingredients and directions for preparation'''<br /> <br /> The ingredient list calls for: 4 ounces each of Socotrine [[Aloe|aloes]], [[Rhubarb]] root (East India), [[Angelica archangelica|Angelica]] seeds, and Confectio Damocratis (Damocrates' Confection); 2 ounces each of Helenis root ([[Elecampane]] root), [[Saffron]], [[Fennel]] seeds, and Prepared [[chalk]]; and 1 ounce each of [[Gentiana|Gentian root]], [[Curcuma zedoaria|Zedoary root]], [[Piper cubeba|Cubelis]] (tailed pepper), [[Myrrh]], [[Camphor]], and ''boletus laricis'' ([[Laricifomes officinalis|Polyporus officinalis]], a fungus).<br /> <br /> Finally, the articles states:<br /> <br /> {{quotation|The above ingredients to be digested with 500 ounces of proof spirit in a water-bath for 12 hours; then expressed and ten ounces of disulphate of quinine added; the mixture to be replaced in the water-bath till all quinine is dissolved. The liquor, when cool, is to be filtered, and is then fit for use.}}<br /> <br /> Warburg's Tincture therefore contained quinine in addition to various [[purgative]]s, [[Aroma compound|aromatics]] and [[carminative]]s.<br /> <br /> The ingredient &quot;Confectio Damocratis&quot; (Damocrates' Confection) is a complex preparation, sometimes consisting of 46 different ingredients.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Brown, M.D. |first=T.E.B. |date=March 1, 1877 |title=The Confectio Damocratis |work=The Indian Medical Gazette |pages=66 |s2cid=27860915 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The prepared chalk was used to correct the otherwise extremely acrid taste of the tincture.<br /> <br /> '''Dosage'''<br /> <br /> A bottle of Warburg's Tincture contained about one ounce of liquid. The drug was to be administered in two equal doses, a few hours apart.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[History of malaria]]<br /> *[[History of medicine]]<br /> *[[Pharmacology]]<br /> *[[Clinical pharmacology]]<br /> *[[Pharmaceutical drug]]<br /> *[[Antimalarial drugs]]<br /> *[[Tropical disease]]<br /> *[[List of topics characterized as pseudoscience]]<br /> <br /> ==References and notes==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * Owen, William, &quot;Warburg's Tincture in Indian Fevers&quot;, article, ''Dublin Journal of Medical Science'', 1879. pp.&amp;nbsp;11–16.<br /> <br /> ===Secondary/tertiary sources===<br /> *Wootton, A. (1910), ''Chronicles of Pharmacy'', pp.&amp;nbsp;206–208.<br /> *Poser, Charles M.; Bruyn, G. W. (1999), ''An Illustrated History of Malaria'', p.&amp;nbsp;87.<br /> *Sparkes, Roland - article, 'Dr Carl Warburg, his Belmont laboratory, and his famous fever drug', 2003/2009, [http://belmontlocalhistory.webs.com/WEBPROTECT-page6drwarburg.htm]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br /> <br /> [[Category:History of medicine]]<br /> [[Category:Quinine]]<br /> [[Category:Antimalarial agents]]<br /> [[Category:Tinctures]]<br /> [[Category:Historical polysubstance drinks]]</div>

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