Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Priya Devi Elangbam

2023-10-07T17:31:18Z

Subhash Rama: Asian Games medallist

{{Notability|date=October 2023}}
{{Short description|Asian Games medallist}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Priya Devi Elangbam
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| residence =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| country =
| sport = [[Sepak takraw]]
| event =
| pb =
| club =
| coach =
| alma_mater =
| retired =
| olympics =
| highestranking =
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Sepak takraw at the 2022 Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Sepak takraw at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's regu|Women's regu]]}}
}}

'''Priya Devi Elangbam''' is an [[India]]n [[sepak takraw]] player. She won a bronze medal in the [[Sepak takraw at the 2022 Asian Games|women's regu]] event at the [[2022 Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite report|url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/resAG2022-/pdf/AG2022-/SEW/AG2022-_SEW_C73A_SEWWREGU--------------SFNL000200--.pdf|title=Asian Games Results|publisher=Asian Games, Hangzhou 2022|date=2 October 2023|access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/historic-bronze-for-india-in-womens-sepaktakraw-at-asian-games/articleshow/104211622.cms?from=mdr|title=Historic bronze for India in women's sepaktakraw at Asian Games|date=6 October 2023|access-date=6 October 2023|newspaper=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-sepaktakraw-schedule-results-points-table-india|title=Asian Games 2023 sepaktakraw: India's results, scores and points table|date=6 October 2023|access-date=6 October 2023|publisher=olympics.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian sepak takraw players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sepak takraw players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in sepak takraw]]

{{India-sport-bio-stub}}

Thounaojam Kritina Devi

2023-09-16T12:16:56Z

Subhash Rama: Article added.

{{Short description|Indian women footballer}}
{{Infobox footballer
| birth_date = 10 February 2003
}}

'''Thounaojam Kritina Devi''' (born 10 February 2003)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thounaojam Kritina Devi |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/75579 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref> is an Indian women's professional [[Association football|footballer]] from Manipur. She plays as a defender for the Young Welfare Club and represents the [[India women's national football team]].

== Early life ==
She hails from Haokha Mamang village in Thoubal district, Manipur.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Manipur's Kritina eyes women's FIFA U-17 WC glory after cousins' appearance in men's event |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/manipurs-kritina-eyes-womens-fifa-u-17-wc-glory-after-cousins-appearance-in-mens-event/articleshow/78165646.cms |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Her father, Thounaojam Rajen Singh, is a farmer while her mother is a home maker. Initially, her father was reluctant to send his only daughter to play football but Devi's uncle Deben Singh persuaded him that it would be good for the girl. Deben Singh's son, Kiyam Amarjit Singh (former Under-17 India captain) and another cousin Thounaojam Jeakson Singh, both played for India team in the Under-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=All in the family: Manipur's Kritina eyes women's FIFA U-17 WC glory after cousins' appearance in men's event |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/all-in-the-family-manipurs-kritina-eyes-womens-fifa-u-17-wc-glory-after-cousins-appearance-in-mens-event-888851.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> All three families stay close by in the same colony.

== Career ==
While Kritina was in Class 6, she took part in a grassroots talent hunt in 2014 and she got hooked to the game.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Kritina eyes women's FIFA U-17 WC glory after cousins' appearance in men's event |url=https://thebridge.in/football/kritina-eyes-womens-fifa-u-17-wc-glory-cousins-appearance-mens-event/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

In 2019 she payed a key role in the three-nation tournament with Thailand and Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |title=Manipur's Thounaojam Kritina Devi all set to be part of the FIFA U-17 World Cup - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/manipur/manipurs-thounaojam-kritina-devi-all-set-to-be-part-of-the-fifa-u-17-world-cup-502016 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2020, she was named in the probables for the Under-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Two Goans among probables for U-17 Women’s World Cup |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/goas-daisy-lisa-crasto-and-karen-estrocio-among-probables-for-u-17-womens-world-cup/articleshow/76914586.cms |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In February 2021, she was one of the six players from Manipur selected for the Indian team for the international friendly matches in Alanya, Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eight women players from Manipur feature in Indian squad for international friendlies in Turkey |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/5612/eight-women-players-from-manipur-feature-in-indian-squad-for-international-friendlies-in-turkey |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Imphal Free Press |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2021, she was called for the U-19 National camp in preparation for the SAFF Women's Championship 2021 to be held in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF calls up seven State girls for U-19 Natl coaching camp |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/11/10/IMPHAL-Nov-9The-All-India-Football-Federation-has-called-up-seven-U-19-girls-from-Manipur-for-the.amp.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kritina Devi, Thounaojam}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]

O Kala

2023-09-10T04:41:26Z

Subhash Rama: Generated a new page structure.

{{Short description|2023 Indian drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox film
| name = O Kala
| image = O Kala.jpg
| caption =
| director = Deepak Kolipaka
| writer = Deepak Kolipaka
| producer = {{ubl|Aditya Reddy Kamineni|Ranjith Kumar Kodali|Navya Mahesh M}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Roshni Sahota]]
* Gourish Yeleti
}}
| cinematography = Akhil Velluri
| editing = Satya Giduturi
| music = Neelesh Mandalapu
| studio = {{ubl|Aham Azmi Films|Eternity Entertainment Un-Ltd}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2023|04|13|df=yes}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
}}
'''''O Kala''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Drama Film|drama film]] written and directed by Deepak Kolipaka. The film was produced by Aditya Reddy Kamineni, Ranjith Kumar Kodali and Navya Mahesh M under the banner of Aham Azmi Films and Eternity Entertainment. It features [[Roshni Sahota]] and Gourish Yeleti in lead roles.<ref name="RS" /><ref name="GY" /> The film was released on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 13 April 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/o-kalas-ott-release-roshni-sahhota-shines-in-the-social-drama-that-is-streaming-on-hotstar/b71a8f657a510 | title=O Kala's OTT release: Roshni Sahhota shines in the social drama that is streaming on Hotstar }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot}}

== Cast ==
* [[Roshni Sahota]] as Harika
* Gourish Yeleti as Harsha
* [[Prachi Thakker]] as Pratyusha

== Production ==
The first look poster of the film was released on 9 May 2022 in the presence of [[S. S. Rajamouli]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ragalahari.com/functions/123468/o-kala-movie-first-look-launch-event.aspx | title=O kala Movie First Look Launch Event }}</ref> The [[principal photography]] of the film started in 2022.<ref name="GY" >{{cite web | url=https://english.telugustop.com/gourish-yeleti-set-for-movie-debut-with-o-kala-latest-eng-news-1478377 | title=Gourish Yeleti Set for Movie Debut with 'O Kala' | date=28 May 2022 }}</ref><ref name="RS" >{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/roshni-sahota-after-patiala-babes-i-was-sure-that-i-only-want-to-play-lead-roles-on-tv-or-in-films/articleshow/91588634.cms | title=Roshni Sahota: After Patiala Babes, I was sure that I only want to play lead roles on TV or in films | newspaper=The Times of India | date=16 May 2022 }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Aseq
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Neelesh Mandalapu
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 17:20
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Aditya Music]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/o-kala/dgUq-y,dSqw_ | title=O Kala - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn | date=30 May 2022 }}</ref>
| producer =
| misc =
}}
{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 17:20
| title1 = Entha Sokugadu
| music1 = Neelesh Mandalapu
| extra1 = Hemachandra Vedala
| length1 = 3:56
| title2 = O Kala
| music2 = Neelesh Mandalapu
| extra2 = Chinmayee Sripada
| length2 = 5:41
| title3 = Selayeti
| music3 = Neelesh Mandalapu
| extra3 = [[Nikhita Gandhi]], Abhay Jodhpurkar, Arun Kaundinya
| length3 = 4:15
| title4 = Tholimanchule
| music4 = Neelesh Mandalapu
| extra4 = Abhay Jodhpurkar, Wrisha Dutta
| length4 = 3:28
}}

==Reception==
{{Table to prose|section}}
{| class="wikitable infobox" style="float:right; width:20%; font-size:80%; text-align:center; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0;" cellpadding="0"
!colspan=2 style="font-size:120%;"|Professional reviews
|-
!colspan=2 style="background:#d1dbdf; font-size:120%;"|Review scores
|-
!Source
!Rating
|-
|''[[Mallemala Entertainments|123telugu]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/o-kala-telugu-movie-review.html | title=O Kala Telugu Movie Review | date=16 April 2023 }}</ref>
|{{Rating|2|5}}
|-
|''[[ABP Group|ABP Desam]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/ott-webseries-o-kala-movie-review-starring-gourish-yeleti-roshni-sahota-directed-by-deepak-kolipaka-streaming-in-hotstar-ott-87850 | title='ఓ కల' రివ్యూ : డిప్రెషన్‌కు ఆత్మహత్యే పరిష్కారం కాదని చెప్పే సినిమా! | date=14 April 2023 }}</ref>
|{{Rating|1|5}}
|-
|''[[NTV (Telugu)|NTV]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/o-kala-movie-review-350683.html | title=O Kala Movie Review: ఓ కల (డిస్నీ ప్లస్ హాట్ స్టార్) | date=13 April 2023 }}</ref>
|{{Rating|1.5|5}}
|-
|''[[OTT Play]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/o-kala-movie-review-the-roshni-sahota-gourish-yeleti-starrer-has-a-simple-message-told-in-an-endearing-manner/d0d7f8ddcd378 | title=O Kala Movie Review: A sensible drama with good visuals and able performances }}</ref>
|{{Rating|2.75|5}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/movies/o-kala/1260136776 ''O Kala''] on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:O Kala}}
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2020s Telugu-language films]]

Naseer Abdullah

2023-07-11T17:06:40Z

Subhash Rama: Contributed a new addition.

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
'''Naseer Abdullah''' (6 May 1956) is an Indian model and actor best known for his role as Prithvi in the English-language film ''[[Mitr, My Friend]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/naseer-abdullah-on-overdrive-to-promote-mitr/articleshow/2180468.cms|title=Naseer Abdullah on overdrive to promote Mitr|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=July 8, 2023|archive-date=July 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709174742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/naseer-abdullah-on-overdrive-to-promote-mitr/articleshow/2180468.cms|url-status=live}}</reF>

== Career ==
Naseer Abdullah worked as a location manager for ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' (1982).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abdullahs-journey-from-gandhi-to-gandhi/articleshow/8912803.cms|title=Abdullah's journey from Gandhi to Gandhi|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=July 8, 2023|archive-date=May 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525192053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Abdullahs-journey-from-Gandhi-to-Gandhi/articleshow/8912803.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut in the stage play ''Mischief Mania'' (1992) by [[Pearl Padamsee]]. He made his film debut with ''[[Dil Aashna Hai]]'' (1993) and after the film's failure he shifted to advertisements for Digjam and [[Indian Airlines]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jan/30sld1.htm|title=rediff.com, Movies: Mitr -- The story in pictures|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=11 July 2023}}</ref> He played the antagonist in the television serial ''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lucknow-times/naseer-abdullah-a-role-model/articleshow/43200719.cms|title=NASEER ABDULLAH:: A ROLE MODEL|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=July 8, 2023|archive-date=July 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708225952/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lucknow-times/naseer-abdullah-a-role-model/articleshow/43200719.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He played [[Shobana]]'s workaholic husband in the film ''[[Mitr, My Friend]]'' (2002), which follows an Indian-American family and their life and struggles in [[San Francisco]]. A critic wrote that "Nasir Abdullah makes his presence felt" while another critic wrote that he "now and then does not seem very convinced with what he is doing".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinebangalore.com/life/movi/mitr/|title=Movie Review|website=www.onlinebangalore.com|access-date=2023-07-08|archive-date=2023-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708230003/https://www.onlinebangalore.com/life/movi/mitr/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webindia123.com/movie/national/mitr/index.htm|title=Mitr-my friend Movie review Webindia123.com|website=www.webindia123.com|access-date=2023-07-08|archive-date=2017-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225111633/http://www.webindia123.com/movie/national/mitr/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/15/stories/2002021501090201.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021226204320/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2002/02/15/stories/2002021501090201.htm| url-status=usurped| archive-date=26 December 2002| title=Mitr-My Friend| work=The Hindu| date=15 February 2002| accessdate=13 August 2006}}</ref> He went on to play supporting roles in many films including ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' (2004), ''[[Page 3]]'' (2005), ''[[Kuchh Meetha Ho Jaye]]'' (2005), ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' (2007) and ''[[Dear Friend Hitler|Gandhi to Hitler]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/naseer-abdullahs-a-funny-guy/articleshow/9358183.cms|title=Naseer Abdullah's a funny guy|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=July 8, 2023|archive-date=March 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304035849/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Naseer-Abdullahs-a-funny-guy/articleshow/9358183.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/honest-nasser/articleshow/2545681.cms|title=Honest Nasser|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=July 8, 2023|archive-date=July 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709174657/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/honest-nasser/articleshow/2545681.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Selected filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Dil Aashna Hai]]'' || Akram Allahabadi Baig ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2002 || ''[[Mitr, My Friend]]'' || Prithvi || English-language film
|-
| ''[[Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat]]'' || Vikas || Television serial
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' || Rajat Saxena ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2005 || ''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]'' || Romesh Thapar ||
|-
| ''[[Kuchh Meetha Ho Jaye]]'' || Gul Khan ||
|-
| ''[[The Film]]'' || Inspector Javed Khan ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2006 || ''[[Taxi No. 9211]]'' || Advocate Shivraj Behl (Shiv) ||
|-
| ''[[Jigyaasa]]'' || Ramesh Shah Tak ||
|-
| ''[[36 China Town]]'' || Raj's father ||
|-
| ''Men Not Allowed'' || Karan Sharma ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2007 || ''[[Traffic Signal (film)|Traffic Signal]]'' || Sanjeev ||
|-
| ''[[Good Boy, Bad Boy]]'' || Psychology teacher ||
|-
| ''[[Apna Asmaan]]'' || Mr. Sharma ||
|-
|''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' || Naseer ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2008 || ''[[Haal-e-Dil]]'' || Rohit's father ||
|-
| ''[[Khushboo (2008 film)|Khushboo]]'' || Captain R. Aiyar ||
|-
| ''[[Hulla]]'' || Gupta ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2009 || ''[[Kisaan]]'' || Advocate Kapoor ||
|-
| ''[[Lottery (2009 film)|Lottery]]'' || Rohit's boss ||
|-
| ''[[Daddy Cool (2009 Hindi film)|Daddy Cool]]'' || Maria's father ||
|-
| ''[[Fox (film)|Fox]]'' || Public Prosecutor, Goa ||
|-
| ''[[Jail (2009 film)|Jail]]'' || High Court Judge ||
|-
| ''[[Do Paise Ki Dhoop, Chaar Aane Ki Baarish]]'' || Producer ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2010 || ''[[Fired (2010 film)|Fired]]'' || Mr. Kapoor ||
|-
| ''[[Apartment (film)|Apartment]]'' || Inspector Javed Sheikh ||
|-
|''[[Knock Out (2010 film)|Knock Out]]'' || Bhalla ||
|-
| ''[[A Flat (film)|A Flat]]'' || Digvijay Singh ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2011 || ''[[Yeh Saali Zindagi]]'' || Singhania ||
|-
|''[[Dear Friend Hitler]]'' || [[Albert Speer]] || Also known as ''Gandhi to Hitler''
|-
| rowspan="3"|2012 || ''[[Diary of a Butterfly]]'' || Gul's father ||
|-
| ''[[Paanch Ghantey Mien Paanch Crore]]'' || Inspector Raam Singh ||
|-
| ''Jeet Lengey Jahaan'' || Advocate ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019 || ''Khushfehmaiyaan'' || Peter Fernandes || Television series;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/nov/21/i-want-to-be-enlightened-like-the-buddha-says-nasir-abdullah-2064864.html|title=I want to be enlightened like the Buddha, says Nasir Abdullah|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2023-07-08|archive-date=2023-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709005638/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/nov/21/i-want-to-be-enlightened-like-the-buddha-says-nasir-abdullah-2064864.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 6 episodes
|-
| ''[[The Office (Indian TV series)|The Office]]'' || Anniruddh CFO || Television series; 1 episode
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]'' || Myra's director ||
|-
| 2023 || ''Majaz A Life in Poetry'' || Ali Sardar Jaffery ||
|}

;As location manager
*''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' (1982)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0008279}}

[[Category:Indian actors]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdullah, Naseer}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Thanjavur Nayak kingdom

2022-09-07T09:29:34Z

Subhash Rama: Just published an informative work.

{{Short description|16th-17th century rulers of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu}}
{{use dmy dates}}
{{use Indian English}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Thanjavur Nayak Dynasty
|common_name = Thanjavur Nayak
|year_start = 1532
|year_end = 1673
|p1 = Chola Empire
|flag_p1 =
|p2 = Vijayanagara Empire
|flag_p2 = Flag of vijaynagara.jpg
|s1 = Thanjavur Marathas
|flag_s1 =
|s2 = British India
|flag_s2 =
|image_map = Tanjore Nayak Kingdom.jpg
|image_map_caption = Approximate extent of the ''' Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom''', c. 1572
|capital = [[Thanjavur]]
|common_languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|government_type = [[Monarchy]]
|title_leader = King
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
The '''Thanjavur Nayak kingdom''' or '''Thanjavur Nayak dynasty''' were the rulers of [[Thanjavur]] in the 15th and 17th centuries.<ref name="Nayaks of Tanjore">{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=GD_6ka-aYuQC }} |title=Nayaks of Tanjore}}</ref> The Nayaks, who belonged to the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking [[Balija]] social group,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Irschick |first=Eugene F. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Politics_and_Social_Conflict_in_South_In.html?id=R0K98afLnhAC&redir_esc=y |title=Politics and Social Conflict in South India |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=8 |language=en |quote=The successors of the Vijayanagar empire, the Nayaks of Madura and Tanjore, were Balija Naidus. |author-link=Eugene F. Irschick}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Velcheru Narayana |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=znFuAAAAMAAJ |title=Symbols of Substance: Court and State in Nāyaka Period Tamilnadu |last2=Shulman |first2=David Dean |last3=Subrahmanyam |first3=Sanjay |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563021-3 |pages=10 |language=en |quote=Originally part of the great Telugu migrations southward into the Tamil country in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Balija merchant- warriors ... These mobile, aggressive, land-hungry, Telugu-speaking warriors helped to build the Nāyaka state-system and to impregnate it with their particular cultural vision; strong surviving traditions; supported by contemporary evidence, assert Balija origins and / or marital connections for the major Nāyaka dynasties in the Tamil country quite apart from the well-known Balija role in restructuring the revenue systems of Nāyaka Tanjavur and Madurai. |author-link=Velcheru Narayana Rao |author-link2=David Dean Shulman |author-link3=Sanjay Subrahmanyam}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Richman |first=Paula |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7RW6MrAiJ-0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Questioning Ramayanas: A South Asian Tradition |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-22074-4 |pages=166 |language=en |quote=Raghunathanayaka, a Balija who ruled Tanjavur during the early seventeenth century, also wrote a Ramayana. |author-link=Paula Richman}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Sreenath |first1=J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0uAAAAAMAAJ&q=Thanjavur |title=All India Anthropometric Survey: Analysis of Data. South Zone |last2=Ahmad |first2=S. H. |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> were originally appointed as provincial governors by the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara Emperor]] in the 15th century, who divided the territory into Nayak kingdoms which were Madurai, Tanjore, Gingee and Kalahasthi. In the mid-15th century they became an independent kingdom, although they continued their alliance with the Vijayanagara Empire.<ref>''Harmony of Religions: Vedānta Siddhānta Samarasam of Tāyumānavar'', Thomas Manninezhath</ref> The Thanjavur Nayaks were notable for their patronage of literature and the arts.<ref>[http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/Thanjavur/Thanjavur_Nayaks/thanjavur_nayaks.html Thanjavur Nayak kings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618091440/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/Thanjavur/Thanjavur_Nayaks/thanjavur_nayaks.html }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tanjore.net/history.htm Tanjore History]</ref><ref name=hindu1/>
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Origins of Nayak rule==
With the demise of the [[Chola dynasty]] in 1279, Thanjavur was ruled by a branch of Chola dynasty, until the Vijayanagara Empire conquered all of [[South India]] by the late 14th century. The Vijayanagar rulers to rule over various parts of the empire. In 1532 CE, [[Achyuta Deva Raya]], the brother and successor of [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishna Deva Raya]] of Vijayanagar granted Sevappa Nayak, the governor of Thanjavur, permission to establish a feudatory kingdom.

The Thanjavur Nayaks belonged to the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking [[Balija]] caste.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Callā |first=Rādhākr̥ṣṇaśarma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rY4OAAAAYAAJ&q=literature+tajavur+nayaks+telugu |title=Landmarks in Telugu Literature |publisher=Lakshminarayana Granthamala |year=2007 |language=en}}</ref> The ''Mannaru'' (Vishnu) of the [[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi|Mannargudi temple]] was their ''kula daivam'' (family deity).<ref name="Tanjore p.26">''Nayaks of Tanjore'', by V. Vriddhagirisan, p.26</ref>

{{TNhistory}}

==Literature==
{{Expand section}}
Telugu and Tamil literature flourished during the reign of Nayakas in Tanjavur which was referred to as the Southern School of Tamil and Telugu Literature.<ref name=tel1>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&q=literature+tajavur+nayaks+telugu&pg=PA269|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|isbn=9780824049461|language=en}}</ref> Many Tamil and Telugu Musicians and Pandits were part of their court.<ref name=tel1 />

==Nayak kings==

===Sevappa Nayak===
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
[[Sevappa Nayak]] (1532–1580), also known as Sevappa Nayak, was the first Thanjavur Nayak king. He was the son of Timmappa Nayak, a Vijayanagara viceroy in the [[Arcot]] region from his wife Bayyambika. The work ''[[Raghunathabhyudayam]]'' written by Vijayaraghava Nayaka gives some genealogical details of Timmappa. Timmappa or ''Timmabhupati'' was the ruler of North Arcot with his capital at Nedungunram.<ref name="Tanjore p.27">''Nayaks of Tanjore'', by V. Vriddhagirisan, p.27</ref> The epigraphs of all of the Tanjore Nayaks show that they belonged to Nedungunram.<ref name="Tanjore p.27"/> One of Krishnadevaraya's epigraphs mentions that Timmappa also had the high privilege of serving him as a door keeper (vasal) and was the emperor's ''dalavay'' (commander) who took part in the Raichur campaign.<ref>[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=GD_6ka-aYuQC |page=26 }} ''Nayaks of Tanjore'', by V. Vriddhagirisan, p.27]</ref> According to historian V. Vriddhagirisan, Timmappa Nayak was the brother of Nagama Nayak.<ref>''Nayaks of Tanjore'' by V. Vriddhagirisn, p.151</ref> Nagama Nayak was the father of [[Madurai Nayak Dynasty#Visvanatha Nayakka Ayyar .5B21.5D|Visvanatha Nayak]] (founder of the Madurai Nayak dynastic line). Hence Viswanatha Nayak and Sevappa Nayak were cousin

Before assuming power of the Tanjore kingdom, Sevappa had distinguished himself under Krishnadavaraya as an administrator and a builder. Sevappa's wife Murtimamba was the sister-in-law of [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] and the sister of the Vijayanagara Queen, Thirumalamba. Some sources suggest that Sevappa acquired the Thanjavur Kingdom as ''[[Stridhana]]'' from Achyutadeva Raya. Sevappa was also a ceremonial [[betel]] bearer to [[Achyuta Deva Raya]], the brother of [[Krishnadevaraya]].

According to the book ''Arunachala: A short history of hill and temple in Tiruvannamalai'' (pg 54–55), the "position of a ceremonial betel bearer or ''adaiappan'' (''thambul karandivan'') was a post given to a very trusted subordinate.. and Sevappa being a powerful and influential man of the locality was appointed the first nayak". The position of a betel bearer was usually not given to an outsider, as this position would make the man privy to all of the king's personal details. Therefore, the position was usually given to a trusted member within the family.

His contributions include building the prakaras at Vridhachalam and Kanchipuram, gilding with gold the Vimanas of Srisailam and Thirumala (Tirupati), construction of the tallest gopura at Tiruvannamalai, and repairing the Sivaganga Fort and Tank at Tanjore.<ref name="recordoffice">Madras (India : State). Record Office. (1957). Tanjore District Handbook, p. 51. Superintendent Government Press.</ref><ref name="nakacami">Irāmaccantiran̲ Nākacāmi, R. Nagaswamy. (2003). Facets of South Indian art and architecture, Volume 1, p.192. Aryan Books International. {{ISBN|8173052468}}</ref>

===Achuthappa Nayak===
Sevappa's son, [[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614), was named in memory of Achyuta Deva Raya. He led a peaceful reign of 54 years. Up until 1580 Achuthappa Nayak co-ruled with his father under the Yuvaraja title while immediately after that he was joined by his heir, son Raghunatha Nayak. He was said to be deeply religious and was well considered a master in the art of warfare. His minister was [[Govinda Dikshitar]], a great scholar and a shrewd administrator. His long reign was of comparative peace apart from the internal struggles enabling him to contribute much to spiritual and public utility development.

==== Conflicts and wars ====

===== Wars with Madurai =====
During the reign of Achuthappa, the Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by the [[Deccan sultanates]] armies at the [[battle of Talikota]]. Later when the Vijaynagara rulers re-established their capital in Chandragiri and Vellore under Sriranga Rayas, Achuthappa Nayak continued his loyalty while Gingee and Madurai Nayaks intended to break free by refusing to pay tribute. This would also lead to bitter animosity between the [[Madurai Nayaks]] and the Tanjore Nayaks ultimately leading to the Battle at Vallamprakara where the Tanjore army with the Rayas fought against Veerappa Nayak of Madurai by defeating the latter. This happened at the same time as when the Rayas of [[Chandragiri]] were waging wars with the Deccan Sultanates in southern [[Andhra Pradesh]], Achuthappa Nayak provided support.

===== Wars with Portugal =====
Portugal controlled the [[Nagapattinam]] territory as well as the Colombo province in [[Ceylon]] and the entire West Coast of India. The King of [[Jaffna kingdom]] went into a war against Portugal against the methods adopted by the missionary conversions in Jaffna. Later King of Jaffna sought help from the Tanjore Nayaks in repelling Portuguese advances through many battles<ref>['Nayek of Tanjore sends an army of Vadugas with King Varuna Gulata (Varnakula Aditya/Nilayitta) of the Karieas to assist'; The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon, Fernão de Queyroz, p. 468]</ref>

===== Public contributions =====
Achuthappa Nayak was deeply religious from his young days and the fertile nature of his country helped him make large contributions in gifts and infrastructure to major Temples and also important irrigation systems. The main benefactor was the Srirangam Temple. His assistant and advisor was his [[Minister (government)|minister]] Govinda Dikshita.

===== Srirangam Temple =====
[[File:Srirangam 1909 stonecarving.jpg|Stone carving at Ranganathaswamy temple in Srirangam. Source: ''The National Geographic Magazine'', November 1909|thumb|right|230px]]
The [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam)|Srirangam Temple]] towers (Gopurams) of the North and West and the eighth Prakara (temple Wall Street) and several Halls (Mandapam) inside the Temple complex were built by him. The Golden Vimana of the inner most shrines (Temple Flag) and the image of God studded with Crown jewels was presented by Achuthappa Nayak.<ref name="Nayaks of Tanjore"/>

=====Other Temples=====
His other major contributions include the Pushyamantapas (Halls) with steps leading to river [[Cauvery]] in [[Mayavaram]], [[Tiruvidaimarudur]], Tiruvadi and [[Kumbakonam]] and Golden Kalasas of [[Tiruvannamalai]] Temple Gopurams (Towers) some of the Gopurams in Rameswaram. Several temples in Arcot and [[Tanjore]] regions namely Temples in Tiruvidaimarudur and [[Chidambaram]] received villages as grants.

=====Irrigation=====
His one remarkable contribution is the construction of a dam across Cauvery near Tiruvadi leading to efficient irrigation in its vicinity.

=====Housing=====

Numerous [[Agraharam|Agraharas]] (housing for [[Brahmin]]s) in [[Tanjore]] country were built in his period.

====Final years====
During his last days the Rayas now ruling from Chandragiri and [[Vellore]] had rival claimants within the family to the title and were heading for a war with the other Nayak kings taking sides with some suited to their vested interests.

===Raghunatha Nayak===
[[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–1634) He is the Most Powerful King of [[Nayaks of Tanjore]]. He is famous for his patronage of literature other scholarly research. One of his wives, Ramabhadramba was highly educated and a gifted poet. During his time he granted military assistance to the [[Chandragiri]] ruler [[Venkatapati Deva Raya|Venkata II]] to recover most of his lost areas from the [[Golconda]] forces. In 1620 Raghunatha Nayak permitted a Danish settlement at [[Tarangambadi]]. This encouraged the English to seek trade with the Thanjavur Nayaks. The Tanjore cannon or Raghunatha cannon, supposed to be the largest cannon in the world was installed during Raghunatha Nayak, built with Danish metallurgy know how.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web|title= Living History: A cannon in monumental neglect - The Hindu
|url= http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/living-history-a-cannon-in-monumental-neglect/article2848696.ece|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

[[File:Thanjavur cannon.jpg|thumb|[[Thanjavur cannon]] installed during <ref name="The Hindu"/>
reign]]

Raghunatha was a gifted scholar in [[Sanskrit]], [[Kannada]] and [[Telugu language]]s, as well as a talented musician. His court was distinguished for its assembly of poets and scholars. Ragunatha is credited with writing several books on music and literature.<ref name=raghunatha1>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2005102500551700.htm&date=2005/10/25/&prd=br&
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106031237/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2005102500551700.htm&date=2005/10/25/&prd=br&
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=6 November 2007
|title= Cultural heritage of Andhra region |work=The Hindu |access-date=2008-06-14}}</ref> Maduravani and Ramabhadramba were two famous poets in his court, while Sudhindra and Raghavendra were two famous Madhva gurus patronised by him. [[Govinda Dikshita]]'s son Yajnanarayana has written an account on Raghunatha's rule in his work ''Sahitya Ratnakara''. Raghunatha was a gifted scholar and an expert in the art of swordplay, a fine marksman and a skilled master in horse riding. In the field of music, Raghunatha created new ragas, talas, and melas like Jayanta sena (Ragam), Ramananda (Talam), Sargita vidya and Raghunatha (Mela). His Sanskrit treatise on music, ''Sangita Sudha'' opened the secrets of music to all. Raghunatha also composed kavyas and dance-dramas like Prabandkas, Parijatapaharana, Valmika Charitra Kavya, Achyutendrabhyudayam, Gajendramoksham, Nala Caritiam and Rukmini Krishna Vivaha Yakshagana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilartsacademy.com/journals/volume18/articles/article7.htm |title=Introduction To Sangitasudha |publisher=Tamilartsacademy.com |access-date=2013-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=GD_6ka-aYuQC |page=108 }} |title=Nayaks of Tanjore - V. Vriddhagirisan - Google Books |access-date=2013-09-25}}</ref>
It was during Raghunatha's reign that a palace library was established. Sarasvati Bhandar is where the manuscripts of Raghunatha's prolific court scholars were collected and preserved. This library was developed and enriched later by Rajah [[Serfoji II]] into the currently famous [[Saraswati Mahal Library]].<ref name=hindu1>{{cite news
|title= The colourful world of the Nayaks |work=The Hindu }}</ref>

====Civil war in Vellore====
During Raghunatha's rule, a civil war involving succession to the throne was taking place in the Vijayanagara Kingdom, now based in Vellore and Chandragiri. Gobburi Jagga Raya, brother of the previous ruler Venkata II's favourite Queen Obayamma claimed her putative son as the King and murdered [[Sriranga II]] along with his family in the Vellore Prison. Jagga Raya was strongly challenged by Yachamanedu, the chief of [[Nayaks of Kalahasti|Kalahasti]] who claimed the throne for Rama Deva, the rightful heir whom he had smuggled out from the Vellore Prison. Jagga Raya sought help from the [[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee Nayak]] and Muttu Virappa of [[Madurai Nayaks|Madurai]] to attack Yachamanedu and Rama Deva. Yachamanedu and Ramadeva sought support from Raghunatha, who still treated the Vijaynagar as his authority.

==== The Battle of Toppur ====
{{main|Battle of Toppur}}
Jagga Raya assembled a large army near [[Tiruchirappalli]], the capital of Muttu Virappa comprising the armies of [[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee]], [[Chera Dynasty|Chera]], [[Madurai Nayak Dynasty|Madurai]], and some Portuguese from the coast. Yachama led the forces of [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara]] and [[Nayaks of Kalahasti|Kalahasti]] from [[Vellore]] and was joined midway by [[Tanjore Nayaks|Tanjore]] forces headed by Raghunatha.Yachama's army was further strengthened by nobles from [[Karnataka]] and (according to some accounts) Dutch and [[Jaffna]] armies.

Both the Armies met at the Toppur, at an open field on the northern banks of River [[Cauvery]], between Tiruchirappalli and [[Grand Anicut]] in late months of 1616. The huge assembly of forces on either side is estimated to be as many as a million soldiers (according to Dr. Barradas in Sewell's Book) and considered to be one of the biggest battles in southern India.

==== Result ====
In the Battle Jagga Raya's troops could not withstand the aggression generated by the imperial forces. Yachama and Raghunatha, the generals of the imperial camp led their forces with great discipline. Jagga Raya was slain by Yachama, and his army broke the ranks and took flight. Yethiraja, the brother of Jagga Raya, had to run for his life. Muttu Virappa tried to escape, he was pursued by Yachama's general Rao Dama Nayani who captured him near [[Tiruchirapalli]]. The Nayak of [[Gingee]] in the war lost all his forts except [[Gingee Fort]] and the putative son of [[Venkata II]], cause of all trouble was captured. The Victory was celebrated by the imperial armies headed by Raghunatha and Yachamanedu, who planted pillars of Victory and crowned Rama Deva as Rama Deva Raya, in early months of 1617. Rama Deva Raya was barely 15 years old when he ascended the throne.

===Vijaya Raghava Nayak===
[[Vijaya Raghava Nayak]] (1634–1673), was the last of the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur. He was also called ''Mannaru Dasa''; and like the rest of his family, he built prakaras, gopurams, mandapams and tanks in the Mannargudi Rajagopalaswamy temple.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/05/23/stories/2004052300310400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041118011437/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/05/23/stories/2004052300310400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2004-11-18 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Shrine in the forest | date=2004-05-23}}</ref> Vijayaraghava's long reign witnessed a large amount of literary output both in music and Telugu literature. Vijayaraghava's court had a number of poets and literary scholars. Vijayaraghava Nayak wrote more than thirty books in Telugu.<ref name=raghunatha1/> His long reign was sadly brought to an abrupt end by [[Chokkanatha Nayak]] of Madurai.

==End of Nayak rule==
{{See also|Chokkanatha Nayak}}
The end of the Thanjavur Nayak dynasty was brought on by Chokkanatha Nayak, the [[Nayak of Madurai]]. The dispute was due to the refusal of Vijaya Ragava Nayak to give his daughter in marriage to Chokkanatha Nayak. Chokkantha determined to fetch the maiden by force back into their capital, successfully stormed the Thanjavur palace in 1673 after flattening much of the fort walls by cannons. But Chokkanatha Nayak was thwarted in his attempts by Vijaya Ragava Nayak, when he, in a gruesome act of defiance, blew up his daughter and all the other ladies of the palace. He then charged at the attacking army with his son and his body-guard. He was captured after a brief fight, and was beheaded by the Madurai General Samukham Venkata Krishnappa Nayak.

==Maratha conquest==
Chokkanatha placed his younger brother [[Alagiri Nayak]] on the throne of Thanjavur, but within a year the latter threw off his allegiance, and Chokkanatha was forced to recognise the independence of Thanjavur. Chengamala Das, the son of Vijaya Raghava induced the Bijapur Sultan to help him get back the Thanjavur throne.<ref name="vink">Vink, Marcus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century, pp.424-425. BRILL, 2015. {{ISBN|9004272623}}.</ref> In 1675, the Sultan of Bijapur sent a force commanded by the Maratha general [[Venkoji]] (alias Ekoji) to drive away the Madurai usurper. Venkaji defeated Alagiri with ease, and occupied Thanjavur. He did not, however, place his protege on the throne, but seized the kingdom and made himself king due to the disintegration of the Bijapur state.<ref name="vink"/> Thus ended the reign of Nayaks and the start of [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Maratha power]] in Thanjavur.

==See also==
* [[Madurai Nayak dynasty]]
* [[Nayaks of Gingee]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Nagaswamy, R ''Tamil Coins- a study'', (1970), State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu
* Vriddhagirisan V, ''Nayaks of Tanjore'', {{ISBN|8120609964}}, Reprint Annamalainagar 1942 edn., 1995
* Velcheru Narayana Rao|Rao, David Shulman and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. ''Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu'' (Delhi ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998) ; xix, 349 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 22 cm. ; Oxford India paperbacks ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; {{ISBN|0-19-564399-2}}.
* Sathianathaier, R. ''History of the Nayaks of Madura'' [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar ; edited for the university, with introduction and notes by [[S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar]] ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924) ; see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924) ; xvi, 403 p. ; 21 cm. ; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.
*''The Political Career of E.V. Ramasami Naicker: A Study in the Politics'' page 79 by I. Vicuvanatan, E. S. Visswanathan
*''The Mysore Tribes and Castes'' by L Anantha Krishna Iyer and H.V Nanjundayya
*''Encyclomedia Indica'' by Jagadish Saran Sharma
*''Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Madras District Gazettees'' - Page 105, Government Of Madras Staff - History - 2004 - 384 pages
*''Questioning Ramayana: A South Asian Tradition'' by Paula Richman
*''Literary Cultures in History'' by Sheldon Pollock
*''Castes and Tribes of Southern India'' by Edgar Thurston and Rangachari
*''Caste and Race in India'' by G.S.Ghurye
*[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=7RW6MrAiJ-0C }} Questioning Ramayanas - by Paula Richman]
*[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=xowUxYhv0QgC }} The Literary Cultures in History - by Sheldon I Pollock]
*[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=FqLfdZ0gcoEC }} Further Sources of Vijayanagara History By K A Nilakanta Sastry]
*[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=4Ju6z8PbTuAC }} Penumbral Visions - by Sanjay Subrahmanyam]
*[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=ya4JAAAAIAAJ |page=144 }}]
* "Thanjavur - A Cultural History", Pradeep chakravarthy, Niyogi books

==External links==
* {{cite web
|title= Minister, mentor and philanthropist |work=The Hindu }}
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/01/28/stories/2005012802020300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406090409/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/01/28/stories/2005012802020300.htm
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=6 April 2005
|title=The Hindu : Images of stunning beauty |work=The Hindu
|access-date=2008-06-14}}
* {{cite web
|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/yw/2002/01/05/stories/2002010500050200.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021104160732/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/yw/2002/01/05/stories/2002010500050200.htm
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=4 November 2002
|title=The Hindu : Crafted coins |work=The Hindu |access-date=2008-06-14}}
* {{cite web
|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5348/is_200401/ai_n21343752/
|title=A Marvel of Medieval Indian Metallurgy: Thanjavur's Forge-Welded Iron Cannon by Balasubramaniam, R, Saxena, A, Anantharaman, Tanjore R, Reguer, S, Dillmann}}

{{Thanjavur district}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom}}
[[Category:States and territories established in 1572]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu under the Vijayanagar Empire]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Telugu monarchs]]
[[Category:History of Thanjavur]]
[[Category:1532 in India]]

User talk:WikiDwarf

2021-03-22T05:45:57Z

Subhash Rama: /* Thanks for creating article of Mukesh Ambani bomb scare case */ new section

{{User talk}}

== Issue with Notice ==

Hi, I have joined wikipedia India just today. I noticed some buggy notice coming up in misaligned manner. Just wanted to let you know about this. I can appreciate the initiative and I found only you to be doing most of the administrative works as of now here, so thought to drop a message. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 15:51, 22 September 2020 (IST)

:Hello and welcome to Wikipedia IND, can you be more specific what buggy notice coming up so I can look up at? Thanks for notifying and happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:12, 22 September 2020 (IST)

== Spamming ==

I found a number of new users using their user space for link spamming. So I reverted those. Hope it was fine to do so. Please let me know if it is otherwise.

{| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Admin Barnstar.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Admin's Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | You are doing a great work. Keep going. [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:34, 6 October 2020 (IST)
|}

== The Reviewer Barnstar ==

{| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:Reviewer Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:Barnstar-RTFM.png|100px]]}}
|rowspan="2" |
|style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Reviewer Barnstar'''
|-
|style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thanks for review [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:42, 6 October 2020 (IST)
|}

== How to submit the article ==

I have created the article help me in submitting the article <span class="autosigned" style="font-size:85%;">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) </span>

:{{re|Digitalpivot30}} Hello and welcome, please start a new page in the [[Wikipedia:Drafts#Creating and editing drafts|draft namespace]] and once it's ready for the mainspace please submit it for a review by placing the {{tl|submit}} template at the top of the page. Thanks - [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:12, 27 November 2020 (IST)
Sure thanks <span class="autosigned" style="font-size:85%;">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) </span>
Have edited & summited the draft..

How to disclose the paid contribution?

== Review of article ==

Hello, can you please review my article [[Shalkal]] and delete the page [[Draft:Shalkal Carty]]. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 22:07, 3 December 2020 (IST)

== Thanks for creating article of Mukesh Ambani bomb scare case ==

Thank you. [[User:Subhash Rama|Subhash Rama]] ([[User talk:Subhash Rama|talk]]) 11:15, 22 March 2021 (IST)