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Sage Publishing

2026-05-31T01:54:13Z

StevieBavin8727: new - done

{{Short description|Independent academic publishing company}}
{{distinguish|Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies|Sage Group}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox publisher
| image = [[File:SAGE Publishing logo 2023.svg|220px]]
| status = Active
| founded = {{Start date|1965}}
| founder = {{ubl|[[Sara Miller McCune]]|George D. McCune}}
| country = United States
| headquarters = [[Thousand Oaks, California]]
| distribution = Worldwide
| keypeople = [[Tejeshwar Singh]]
| publications = Academic books, journals, reference and library products
| topics = Social science, science, medicine, humanities, technology
| imprints = Corwin, [[CQ Press]], Learning Matters, [[Talis Group]], Lean Library, [[Adam Matthew Digital|Adam Matthew]]
| url = {{URL|https://www.sagepub.com/}}
}}
'''Sage Publishing''', formerly '''Sage Publications''', is an American [[Independent business|independent]] [[Academic publishing|academic publishing company]], founded in 1965 in [[New York City]] by [[Sara Miller McCune]] and now based in the [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] neighborhood of [[Thousand Oaks, California]].

Sage Publishing has offices located across North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. In [[North America]], Sage Publishing has offices in Los Angeles, Washington DC, and [[Toronto]]. The European operations are headquartered in [[London|London, United Kingdom]]. In the Asia Pacific region, Sage Publishing has established offices in Melbourne, Australia, [[India]] and [[Singapore]].

It publishes more than 1,000 journals, more than 800 books a year,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/home |title=Welcome to SAGE |work=UK.SagePub.com |access-date=April 2, 2016 |publisher=SAGE Publications |archive-date=April 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406113421/https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/home |url-status=live }}</ref> reference works and electronic products covering business, humanities, social sciences, science, technology and medicine. Sage also owns and publishes under the imprints of [[Corwin Press]]<ref>{{cite web|title=SAGE Imprints |work=SAGE Imprints Page |publisher=SAGE Publications |access-date=May 1, 2012 |url-status=dead |url= http://www.sagepub.in/about/imprints.asp |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070304215308/http://www.sagepub.in/about/imprints.asp |archive-date=4 March 2007}}</ref> (since 1990), [[CQ Press]]<ref name="CQPress">{{cite web |title=Sage Publications USA acquires CQ Press from Times Publishing Co — May 30, 2008 - M&A Deal Snapshot |work=AlacraStore.com |url=http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Sage_Publications_USA_acquires_CQ_Press_from_Times_Publishing_Co-504314 |access-date=August 8, 2010 |archive-date=March 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318001701/http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Sage_Publications_USA_acquires_CQ_Press_from_Times_Publishing_Co-504314 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (since 2008), Learning Matters<ref>{{cite web |title=Sage acquires Learning Matters |work=The Bookseller |url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/Sage-buys-learning-matters.html |access-date=April 13, 2012 |archive-date=January 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107112519/http://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-buys-learning-matters.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (since 2011), and [[Adam Matthew Digital]] (since 2012).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Henrietta |title=SAGE Acquires Adam Matthew |date=October 11, 2012 |work=[[Library Journal]] Reviews |publisher=[[Media Source Inc.]] |url= http://reviews.libraryjournal.com/2012/10/reference/sage-acquires-adam-matthew/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171018112705/http://reviews.libraryjournal.com/2012/10/reference/sage-acquires-adam-matthew/ |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 19, 2018}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Sage_Publications_Headquarters_Newbury_Park.jpg|thumb|World headquarters, [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]] neighborhood of [[Thousand Oaks, California]]]]
Sage was founded in 1965 in [[New York City]] by Sara Miller (later Sara Miller McCune)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sara Miller McCune: Executive Profile & Biography |work=Bloomberg.com |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=32832356&privcapId=1531155 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117023837/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=32832356&privcapId=1531155 |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> with [[Macmillan Inc.]] executive George D. McCune as a mentor;<ref name="Story">{{cite web |title=The SAGE Story |work=StudySites.SAGEpub.com |publisher=Sage Publishing |url= http://studysites.sagepub.com/repository/binaries/pdf/SAGE-Story-Book.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181119102310/https://studysites.sagepub.com/repository/binaries/pdf/SAGE-Story-Book.pdf |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=November 19, 2018}}</ref> the name of the company is an acronym formed from the first letters of their given names.<ref name="Story" /> Sage relocated to Southern California in 1966, after Miller and McCune married; McCune left Macmillan to formally join the company at that time.<ref name="Story" /> Sara Miller McCune remained president for 18 years, shifting to board chairmen in 1984 (and still retains the title of executive chairman). The couple continued to develop the company together until George McCune's death in 1990.<ref>{{cite journal |title=In Memoriam George D. McCune 1924–1990 |journal=Journal of Conflict Resolution |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=587 |date=December 1, 1990 |doi=10.1177/0022002790034004001 |s2cid=220985633 }}</ref>

In 2008, Sage along with two other companies, sued [[Georgia State University]] for alleged copyright infringement due to faculty providing excerpts of materials to students.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Albanese |first=Andrew |date=2020-10-02 |title=Publishers Escape Fee Award as GSU E-Reserves Case Finally Ends |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/84514-publishers-escape-fee-award-as-gsu-e-reserves-case-finally-ends.html |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=Publishers Weekly |language=en |archive-date=2020-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106174645/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/84514-publishers-escape-fee-award-as-gsu-e-reserves-case-finally-ends.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cambridge University Press v. Patton|The case]] concluded in 2020 with the publishing companies losing.<ref name=":0" />

In 2018, Sage reported a mean 2017 [[gender pay gap]] of 13.1% for its UK workforce, while the median was 10.3%.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2019-08-11|title=Four more academic publishers reveal gender pay gaps|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tf-wiley-sage-and-cup-reveal-gender-pay-gap-data-759561 |date=Mar 28, 2018 |first1=Natasha |last1=Onwuemezi |website=The Bookseller |archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811075435/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tf-wiley-sage-and-cup-reveal-gender-pay-gap-data-759561|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, Sage acquired Lean Library, a browser extension and discovery service,<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Christine L.|last1=Ferguson|title=Leaning Into Browser Extensions|url=https://works.bepress.com/christine-l-ferguson/49/|journal=Serials Review|year=2019 |pages=51–56|volume=45|issue=1–2|doi=10.1080/00987913.2019.1624909|s2cid=196180087 |access-date=2023-01-27|archive-date=2023-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127182526/https://works.bepress.com/christine-l-ferguson/49/|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> which then faced opposition by part of the [[academic community]] for being owned by a for-profit, as opposed to [[open data]], [[open source]] and [[non-profit]] products like [[Unpaywall]] which facilitates usage of [[open access]] works.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Maria|last1=Angelaki|access-date=2020-04-25|title=Searching Open Access: steps towards improving discovery of OA in a less than 100% OA world|website=Unlocking Research|url=https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2651|date=2019-10-21|quote=One area of concern is the ownership of Lean by SAGE Publications, in contrast to the ownership say of Unpaywall as a project of the open-source ImpactStory, and what this means for users’ privacy. The concerns are shared by other libraries implementing Lean.|archive-date=2020-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719071938/https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2651|url-status=live}}</ref>

== OASPA membership==
Sage Publishing was a founding member of the [[Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association]] (OASPA) when it was established in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brynko |first=Barbara |title=Simqu: Leading the Change at SAGE Publications |work=[[Information Today (magazine)|Information Today]] |date=June 2011 |url= http://www.infotoday.com/it/jun11/Simqu-Leading-the-Change-at-SAGE-Publications.shtml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172210/http://www.infotoday.com/it/jun11/Simqu-Leading-the-Change-at-SAGE-Publications.shtml |archive-date=October 13, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> In November 2013, OASPA reviewed Sage's membership after the ''Journal of International Medical Research'' accepted a false and intentionally flawed paper created and submitted by a reporter for the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' as part of a "[[Sting operation|sting]]" to test the effectiveness of the peer-review processes of [[open access journals]] {{crossref| (see ''[[Who's Afraid of Peer Review?]]'')}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Malakoff |first=David |title=Open-Access Group Sanctions Three Publishers After Science 'Sting' |work=[[Science Insider]] |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |date=November 11, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053103/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/11/open-access-group-sanctions-three-publishers-after-science-sting |url= https://www.science.org/content/article/open-access-group-sanctions-three-publishers-after-science-sting |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=April 23, 2014}}</ref> Sage's membership was reinstated at the end of the six month review period following changes to the journal's editorial processes.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shaffi |first=Sarah |title=OASPA reinstates Sage membership |work=[[The Bookseller]] |date=April 29, 2014 |url= http://www.thebookseller.com/news/oaspa-reinstates-sage-membership.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053025/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/oaspa-reinstates-sage-membership |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=dead |access-date=April 29, 2014}}</ref>

== Lawsuits ==
In September 2024, [[Lucina Uddin]], a neuroscience professor at [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]], sued Sage Publishing along with five other [[academic journal]] publishers in a proposed [[Class action|class-action]] lawsuit, alleging that the publishers violated [[Competition law|antitrust]] law by agreeing not to compete against each other for manuscripts and by denying scholars payment for [[peer review]] services.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Scarcella |first=Mike |date=2024-09-13 |title=Academic publishers face class action over 'peer review' pay, other restrictions |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/academic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240914212841/https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/academic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13/ |archive-date=2024-09-14 |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdur-Rahman |first=Sulaiman |date=2024-09-13 |title='Illegal Conspiracy'?: EDNY Antitrust Class Action Challenges Publishers' Unpaid Peer Review Rule |url=https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/?slreturn=20240815103952 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913230833/https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/ |archive-date=2024-09-13 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=[[New York Law Journal]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Fraud ==
An academic fraud that impacted journals published by Sage Publishing, particularly the [[Journal of Vibration and Control]] (JVC), was uncovered in July 2014 following a 14-month internal investigation by Sage, which revealed a fake peer-review scam involving hundreds of fraudulent and assumed identities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Updated: Lax reviewing practice prompts 60 retractions at SAGE journal |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/updated-lax-reviewing-practice-prompts-60-retractions-sage-journal |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-17 |title=What you need to know about hijacked journals |url=https://www.editage.com/insights/what-you-need-to-know-about-hijacked-journals?refer=scroll-to-5-article&refer-type=article |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Editage Insights |language=en}}</ref>

The scam was orchestrated mainly by Peter Chen, a physicist at the [[National Pingtung University of Education]] (NPUE) in Taiwan. Chen used fake identities and Gmail accounts to pose as university-based scientists, manipulating the peer-review process to ensure favorable reviews for submissions. The scam involved creating a network of papers where the same small group of authors reviewed each other's work and appeared together as co-authors. This practice, known as a "peer review ring," allowed Chen to publish numerous articles with minimal scrutiny. The lack of vetting and the lax editorial policy at JVC, which allowed authors to nominate preferred reviewers without adequate verification, facilitated the scam.<ref name=":1" />

The discovery of the scam led to the retraction of 60 research articles published over four years in JVC. The retractions were a result of Sage's investigation, which found that the authors and reviewers involved in the scam did not respond to verification requests. The Education Minister of Taiwan, [[Chiang Wei-ling]], was also implicated as his name appeared on several of the retracted papers, leading to his resignation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education minister resigns over research fraud scandal |url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20140714143140161 |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=University World News |language=en}}</ref> Sage subsequently claimed to have taken steps to ensure compliance with the highest standards of peer review and publication, including conducting additional reviews of their guidance to editors and authors.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-05 |title=Sage Editorial Policies |url=https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/sage-editorial-policies |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Sage Publications Ltd |language=en}}</ref>

== Trading name ==
{{Incomplete list|date=June 2020}}

Sage is a trading name of

* Sage Publications Inc,
* Sage Publications Ltd,
* Sage Publications India PVT LTD,
* Sage Publications Asia‐Pacific PTE LTD

== Acquisitions ==
{{Incomplete list|date=June 2020}}

Sage has [[Mergers and acquisitions|acquired]] a number of other companies, including:

*Pion Limited, founded in 1959 by Adam Gelbtuch and John Ashby, was the publisher of four journals in the ''[[Environment and Planning]]'' series. Sage acquired Pion in May 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-acquires-pion|first=Caroline|last=Carpenter|title=SAGE acquires Pion|work=The Bookseller|date=2015-05-28|access-date=2020-06-10|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182525/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-acquires-pion|url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Global Village Publishing, which develops software and services for [[electronic publishing]], was acquired by Sage in May 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hub.londonbookfair.co.uk/stm-publishing-newsletter-may-2018/ |publisher=The Hub by The London Book Fair |title=In Other News|work=STM Publishing Newsletter|date=May 2018|access-date=2020-06-10|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182225/https://hub.londonbookfair.co.uk/stm-publishing-newsletter-may-2018/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Talis Group]], an [[educational technology]] company that developed the [[learning management system]] Talis Aspire, was acquired by Sage in August 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-buys-technology-company-talis-847456|first=Benedicte|last=Page|title=SAGE buys technology company Talis|work=The Bookseller|date=2018-08-16|access-date=2020-06-10|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182902/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/sage-buys-technology-company-talis-847456|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Mary Ann Liebert]], which publishes more than 100 peer-reviewed journals in biotechnology and life sciences.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cochran |first1=Angela |title=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and Sage Forge a New Relationship |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2025/01/16/mary-ann-liebert-inc-and-sage-forge-a-new-relationship/ |work=The Scholarly Kitchen |date=16 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers {{!}} News |url=https://home.liebertpub.com/news/sage-acquires-the-scientific-and-medical-publisher-mary-ann-liebert-inc/5145 |work=home.liebertpub.com}}</ref>

== Publications ==


*''[[Improving Schools]]'', academic journal that covers education
*''[[Journal of Developing Societies]]'', academic journal that covers development
*''[[Journal of Transport History]]''<ref>[https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jth Journal of Transport History] Sage Publishing</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{Official website|https://www.sagepub.com/}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 1965]]

[[Category:Academic publishing companies]]
[[Category:Book publishing companies based in California]]
[[Category:Companies based in Thousand Oaks, California]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1965]]

Reble

2026-05-08T06:50:28Z

StevieBavin8727: started a info

{{Short description|Indian rapper and songwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Reble
| image = Reble.jpg
| caption = Reble in 2026
| alt =
| birth_name = Daiaphi Lamare
| alias = {{Hlist|Reble|Daya}}
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|24|2025|12|12}}
| birth_place = Nangbah, [[West Jaintia Hills district|West Jaintia Hills]], [[Meghalaya]], India<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2025 |title=M'laya rapper Reble dazzles in Dhurandhar's success |work=[[The Shillong Times]] |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/12/12/mlaya-rapper-reble-dazzles-in-dhurandhars-success/ |access-date=23 December 2025 |language=en-US |archive-date=12 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005611/https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/12/12/mlaya-rapper-reble-dazzles-in-dhurandhars-success/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| occupation = Rapper
| years_active = 2018–present
| alma_mater = [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]] (BTech)
| spouse =
| works =
| awards =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| origin =
| genre = [[Hip-hop]]
| instrument = Vocals
| label = {{Hlist|Kamani Records, [[Atlantic Records]], Homegrown Music}}
}}
}}
{{Use India English|date=January 2026}}
'''Daiaphi Lamare''', known professionally as '''Reble''', is an Indian rapper and songwriter, hailing from [[Meghalaya|Meghalaya, India]]. Her music blends [[hip-hop]] with elements from [[Trap music|trap]], [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]], [[Alternative rock|alternative]], and [[R&B]]. Magazines such as ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]],'' [[Elle (India)|''Elle India'']], and [[Rolling Stone|''Rolling Stone India'']] have featured her work, noting its bold lyricism. In 2021, ''[[Vogue India]]'' named her among eight emerging Indian women in hip-hop. Her single "Talk of the Town" was also featured in ''Rolling Stone India'' on their "The Best Indian Independent Singles of 2022" list.

Reble began her career in 2018 where she performed under her stage name, Daya, collaborating with Symphonic Movement. She made her studio debut in 2019 with the release of her single "Bad". In November 2022, she released her debut four-track EP, ''Entropy.'' In 2025, she received widespread recognition in the [[Cinema of India|Indian film industry]] for her contribution in [[film soundtrack]]s of ''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]'', and ''[[Dhurandhar]]''.

== Early life and education ==
Daiaphi Lamare was born in [[West Jaintia Hills district|Nangbah, West Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya]].<ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026">{{Cite news |last=Nandkeolyar |first=Karishma H. |date=9 January 2026 |title=Meet Reble: The rising star of Indian rap who shines in Bollywood blockbuster 'Dhurandhar' |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/meet-reble-the-rising-star-of-indian-rap-who-shines-in-bollywood-blockbuster-dhurandhar-1.500403580 |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=[[Gulf News]] |oclc=232115522 |archive-date=16 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116161314/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/meet-reble-the-rising-star-of-indian-rap-who-shines-in-bollywood-blockbuster-dhurandhar-1.500403580 |url-status=live }}</ref> She grew up in an environment shaped by both [[Khasi people|Khasi]] and [[Pnar people|Pnar]] cultures. She went to an English-medium school, stating it limited her opportunity to formally learn [[Khasi language|Khasi]], despite it being her mother tongue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=11 January 2026 |title=A rebel in life, a Reble on stage |url=https://meghalayamonitor.com/a-rebel-in-life-a-reble-on-stage/ |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=Meghalaya Monitor |language=en-US |archive-date=13 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113155227/https://meghalayamonitor.com/a-rebel-in-life-a-reble-on-stage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She grew up across several places in [[Northeast India]], including [[Guwahati]], the Jaintia Hills region of Meghalaya, [[Bengaluru]], and [[Shillong]].<ref name="Shriram-2026">{{Cite web |last=Shriram |first=Pranav |date=2 January 2026 |title=Rapper Reble on her explosive rise and the emotive power of 'New Riot' |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/music/2026/Jan/02/rapper-reble-on-her-explosive-rise-and-the-emotive-power-of-new-riot |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=[[Indulgexpress]] |language=en}}</ref>

Lamare was first introduced to music when she was 4 or 5 years old, when she heard a melody on a telephone line.<ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026" /> She started writing lyrics and rapping in 2012 when she was 10 years old, drawing on a range of influences including rock, hip hop and indie music.<ref name="The-Times-of-India-2025">{{Cite news |date=13 December 2025 |title=Who is Reble? Know everything about the voice from Meghalaya turning heads with her 'Dhurandhar' rap |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/who-is-reble-know-everything-about-the-voice-from-meghalaya-turning-heads-with-her-dhurandhar-rap/articleshow/125949132.cms |access-date=23 December 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name="Tagat-2019">{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=31 October 2019 |title=Watch Teenaged Shillong Rapper Reble Throw Down on Second Single 'Believe' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/watch-teenaged-shillong-rapper-reble-throw-second-single-believe/ |access-date=23 December 2025 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109103846/https://rollingstoneindia.com/watch-teenaged-shillong-rapper-reble-throw-second-single-believe/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2025, she completed her civil engineering course from [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]] in Bengaluru.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=6 February 2026 |title=Meet Reble: India's rising rap star |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/rapper-reble-dhurandhar-lokah-new-riot-homegrown-records/article70578575.ece |access-date=7 February 2026 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Shriram-2026" />

== Career ==

=== 2018–2022: Career beginnings, "Bad", and ''Entropy'' ===
Reble first appeared as "Daya" in 2018, collaborating with a local group, Symphonic Movement. At that time, she didn't want her family to find out that she was doing music. She recalls: "At the time, I didn't want my family to find out that I was doing music, so I decided to change my name. I genuinely thought that if I used a different name, they wouldn't figure it out".<ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026" /><ref name="The-Times-of-India-2025" />
{{Quote box
| width = 300px
| align = right
| bgcolor = #F9F9FA
| quote = I always hated being told what to do, that's it. I was just a kid, but rap was my outlet; hip-hop was my outlet; music in general was my outlet. I needed something for myself because I felt like I never fit in, and I didn't have much. When I discovered music and when I discovered hip-hop, I felt like I finally had something.
| source = —Reble explaining the background of her stage name, "Reble"<ref name="Khan-2025">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Mikhail |date=2025-05-22 |title=The Rise Of Reble: A Girl From Shillong Is Reshaping The Landscape Of Indian Hip-Hop |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-creators/the-dawn-of-daiaphi-rebles-rage-might-just-reshape-the-landscape-of-indian-hip-hop |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=Homegrown |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251015213323/https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-creators/the-dawn-of-daiaphi-rebles-rage-might-just-reshape-the-landscape-of-indian-hip-hop |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
In 2019, she chose her stage name, "Reble", which reflected her identification with rebellion.<ref name="Kuriakose-2025" /> She explains that, "Reble" was a way for her to separate herself from expectation and associate herself with something different. She describes the beginning of her music career as rather unplanned. At home, she was pushed to do her conventional studies to complete her engineering degree.<ref name="Shriram-2026" /><ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026" /> During those times, she balanced her studies alongside her musical career. She has said that the most challenging moments were when a performance and an examination fell on the same day, she told that she would choose the examination so as not to disappoint her mother.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hirwani |first=Peony |title=Reble - Future of Music |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/future-of-music-2025/reble/ |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=[[Rolling Stone India]] |language=en-US |archive-date=8 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108125246/https://rollingstoneindia.com/future-of-music-2025/reble/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2019, Reble released her debut single "Bad" produced by D-Mon, from the Shillong hip-hop group Khasi Bloodz. The song was described as addressing personal and family-related experiences, including difficulties within her family, which she said influenced her decision to take up rap. She also credited D-Mon and Mix And Flow Productions for supporting and mentoring her during her early career. The same year, she released her second single "Believe".<ref name="Tagat-2019" />

In August 2021, ''[[Vogue India]]'' named Reble among eight emerging Indian women in hip-hop.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=11 August 2021 |title=8 emerging Indian women in hip-hop on our radar |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/emerging-indian-women-in-hip-hop-on-our-radar |access-date=15 February 2026 |website=[[Vogue India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone India]]'' featured her single "Talk of the Town" on their "The Best Indian Independent Singles of 2022". The track was a collaboration between Kbjj and Reble.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Britto |first=Anurag Tagat and David |date=28 December 2022 |title=The 22 Best Indian Independent Singles of 2022 |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/the-22-best-indian-independent-singles-of-2022/ |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2022, Reble released her debut EP, ''Entropy''. According to ''Rolling Stone India'', ''Entropy'' represented a shift from the gritty rap style associated with her earlier works towards a distinctive sound that incorporated melodic elements alongside rap and more introspective themes. The publication noted tracks such as "Changes" written from the perspective of her future self, and "Jane" which introduces an alter ego, as the standout tracks from the EP. The EP was released via Kamani Records and was accompanied by the [[music video]] for "Bond Fission".''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=2 January 2023 |title=Shillong Hip-Hop Artist Reble on Her EP 'Entropy' and Introducing Alter Egos |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/shillong-hip-hop-artist-reble-entropy-ep-bond-fission-video/ |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US |archive-date=14 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251214012340/https://rollingstoneindia.com/shillong-hip-hop-artist-reble-entropy-ep-bond-fission-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Entropy'' was her first solo project, and she received sponsorship from the music label Kamani.<ref name="www.news18.com">{{Cite web |title=Rapper Reble Gets Vocal About Female Representation In Desi Hip Hop: 'People Don't Need To Sexualize...' {{!}} Exclusive - News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/rapper-reble-gets-vocal-about-female-representation-in-desi-hip-hop-people-dont-need-to-sexualize-exclusive-8655961.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114072742/https://www.news18.com/entertainment/rapper-reble-gets-vocal-about-female-representation-in-desi-hip-hop-people-dont-need-to-sexualize-exclusive-8655961.html |archive-date=14 November 2023 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2023–present: "New Riot" and debut in Indian film industry ===
Reble's popularity grew with her singles like "Terror", "Set It Off", "Only Uparwala Can Judge Me"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarma |first=Krishangi |date=7 January 2026 |title='Only Uparwala Can Judge Me' brings Dhanji, Reble, and Clifr together at a confident turn in Indian hip hop - The Indian Music Diaries |url=https://theindianmusicdiaries.com/only-uparwala-can-judge-me-brings-dhanji-reble-and-clifr-together-at-a-confident-turn-in-indian-hip-hop/ |access-date=15 February 2026 |website=The Indian Music Diaries |language=en-US}}</ref> and "Killswitch – Red Bull 64 Bars",<ref name=":5" /> which were released during 2024–2025.<ref name="Mid-day-2025">{{Cite web |date=12 December 2025 |title=Meet rapper Reble, North East artist who worked on Dhurandhar songs |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/who-is-reble-female-rapper-from-north-east-who-is-on-dhurandhar-soundtracks-23607417 |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |language=en |archive-date=12 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212084047/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/who-is-reble-female-rapper-from-north-east-who-is-on-dhurandhar-soundtracks-23607417 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=From Meghalaya to the mic drop: Meet Reble, the rapper powering Dhurandhar's sound |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trending/from-meghalaya-to-the-mic-drop-meet-reble-the-rapper-powering-dhurandhars-sound/ |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=The Tribune |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114073838/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trending/from-meghalaya-to-the-mic-drop-meet-reble-the-rapper-powering-dhurandhars-sound/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout 2024, she also appeared in multiple live concerts such as [[NH7 Weekender|Bacardi NH7 Weekender]], and [[Shillong Cherry Blossom Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sanjukta |date=10 May 2024 |title=When Meghalaya sings {{!}} Anurag Banerjee's The Songs of Our People documents his homeland through its musicians |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/anurag-banerjee-the-songs-of-our-people-meghalaya-photo-book-musicians-nangsan-banrap-maya-lyngdoh/article68148713.ece |access-date=14 January 2026 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621075341/https://www.thehindu.com/books/anurag-banerjee-the-songs-of-our-people-meghalaya-photo-book-musicians-nangsan-banrap-maya-lyngdoh/article68148713.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=10 September 2024 |title=Boney M, Akon and SuperM's Lucas to headline Cherry Blossom Festival 2024 in Shillong |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/boney-m-akon-and-superms-lucas-to-headline-cherry-blossom-festival-2024-in-shillong/article68625595.ece |access-date=14 January 2026 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007190641/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/boney-m-akon-and-superms-lucas-to-headline-cherry-blossom-festival-2024-in-shillong/article68625595.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2025, she was included on the second edition of ''[[Rolling Stone India]]''<nowiki/>'s "Future of Music" list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Future of Music 2025 |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/future-of-music-2025/ |access-date=12 February 2026 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref> In August, she contributed to her first [[film soundtrack]] in a [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]], ''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2025 |title=Shillong-based rapper Daiaphi Lamare releases new single New RiotThe Shillong Times |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/11/18/shillong-based-rapper-daiaphi-lamare-releases-new-single-new-riot/ |access-date=15 January 2026 |language=en-US |archive-date=29 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251229163143/https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/11/18/shillong-based-rapper-daiaphi-lamare-releases-new-single-new-riot/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'', she expressed her desire to return to Malayalam film industry, stating, "I had the nicest people there, and [[Kochi]] felt like a different country".<ref name="Mathrubhumi-2025" /> She described her experience to work with [[Jakes Bejoy]] as "amazing" and credited Bejoy as someone who gave her the freedom to understand the character in the film.<ref name="Kuriakose-2025">{{Cite web |last=Kuriakose |first=Ronnie |date=5 October 2025 |title=Shillong rapper-singer Reble on roots, rebellion, and the art of keeping it raw |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/ani/entertainment/2025/Oct/05/shillong-rapper-singer-reble-on-roots-rebellion-and-the-art-of-keeping-it-raw |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251019174009/https://www.newindianexpress.com/ani/entertainment/2025/Oct/05/shillong-rapper-singer-reble-on-roots-rebellion-and-the-art-of-keeping-it-raw |url-status=live |quote=Jakes Bejoy was great to work with — he gave me the space to understand the character and relate to her struggle. That freedom meant everything. I'd love to do more of that — a mix of film work that stretches me, and independent stuff that stays close to my roots. I don't want to be boxed in.}}</ref>

In October 2025, Reble released her single "New Riot", produced by Parimal Shais and guitarist Krishna M Sujith. It was released via the [[record label]] Homegrown Music, in collaboration with [[Atlantic Records]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Meghalaya Rapper REBLE Unleashes 'New Riot,' A Power-Packed Hip-Hop Manifesto Of Chaos And Strength |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/regional-cinema/meghalaya-rapper-reble-unleashes-new-riot-a-power-packed-hip-hop-manifesto-of-chaos-and-strength-ws-kl-9631147.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251019100509/https://www.news18.com/movies/regional-cinema/meghalaya-rapper-reble-unleashes-new-riot-a-power-packed-hip-hop-manifesto-of-chaos-and-strength-ws-kl-9631147.html |archive-date=19 October 2025 |access-date=14 January 2026 |work=News18 |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> The song was described as a gritty blend of distorted synths and raw, unfiltered emotion with influences from [[phonk]] and [[Memphis rap]].<ref name="Kaur-2025">{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Rani |date=31 October 2025 |title=Reble unleashes sonic chaos with 'New Riot': An anthem of anger, freedom, and self-discovery |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/reble-unleashes-sonic-chaos-with-new-riot-an-anthem-of-anger-freedom-and-self-discovery-1019306 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LiFTED LISTs: Best Videos of 2025 |url=https://liftedasia.com/articles/lifted-lists-best-videos-of-2025 |access-date=19 January 2026 |website=liftedasia.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She performed the single at the first Indian edition of the hip-hop festival, [[Rolling Loud#India|Rolling Loud]], which was held in [[Kharghar]] on 23 November. She described it as an anthem of rage, chaos, and release, she told, "Riot means saying, 'Fuck it'. It's about letting the anger and the frustration out. Society requires us to be functional and confined within its norms. But sometimes we just need to be human. Sometimes we need to break apart. Riot is my way of saying I've had enough. It's my rebellion against being normal".<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2025 |title=Rolling Loud India 2025: Meet Meghalaya rapper Reble, and here's why she's the future of rap in India |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sunday-mid-day/article/meet-meghalaya-rapper-daiaphi-lamare-aka-reble-and-heres-why-shes-the-future-of-rap-in-india-23604486 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> In November, she was also featured on the EP, ''Pursuetist House Vol.1'', along with fellow indie artists like Dhanji, Sarah Black, Bharg and tricksingh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha |first=Chirrag |title=Top 25 new Indian indie music releases of 2025 |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/music/top-25-new-indian-indie-music-releases-of-2025/ |access-date=19 January 2026 |website=www.lifestyleasia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside The Pursuetist House |url=https://www.frizzonproductions.com/pages/inside-the-pursuetist-house |access-date=19 January 2026 |website=Frizzon Productions {{!}} Video Production Company in Mumbai |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In December 2025, Reble gained further mainstream recognition through her songs on the soundtrack of the film ''[[Dhurandhar]]'', reaching listeners beyond the indie community.<ref name="The-Times-of-India-2026">{{Cite news |date=9 January 2026 |title=Who is Daiaphi Lamare aka Reble? Everything to know about the rapper whose rap shaped up Ranveer Singh led 'Dhurandhar's soundtrack |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/who-is-daiaphi-lamare-aka-reble-everything-to-know-about-the-rapper-whose-rap-shaped-up-ranveer-singh-led-dhurandhars-soundtrack/articleshow/126434603.cms |access-date=12 January 2026 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112151440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/who-is-daiaphi-lamare-aka-reble-everything-to-know-about-the-rapper-whose-rap-shaped-up-ranveer-singh-led-dhurandhars-soundtrack/articleshow/126434603.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Pooja |date=10 January 2026 |title=The Voice Behind Dhurandhar: How Reble's Raw Words Traveled from Meghalaya to the National Spotlight |url=https://thecsrjournal.in/the-voice-behind-dhurandhar-how-rebles-raw-words-traveled-from-meghalaya-to-the-national-spotlight/ |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=The CSR Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=29 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260129122652/https://thecsrjournal.in/the-voice-behind-dhurandhar-how-rebles-raw-words-traveled-from-meghalaya-to-the-national-spotlight/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On the [[Dhurandhar (soundtrack)|album]], she appeared on three of the songs, including "Naal Nachna", "Run Down The City – Monica" (a remix of [[Asha Bhosle]]'s "[[Piya Tu Ab To Aja]]") and "Move – Yeh Ishq Ishq" (a remix of Yeh Hai Ishq Ishq by [[Manna Dey]] and [[Mohammed Rafi]]).<ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026" /> Speaking about ''Dhurandhar'', she told ''[[Gulf News]]'', "''Dhurandhar'' was a very special project for me because it was my first time doing something within the [[Bollywood]] industry. It wasn't planned at all — it honestly came together at the last moment. Everything just happened very organically."<ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026" />

In February 2026, she was featured in ''[[GQ India]]'', where she stated that she was working on a new project.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kappal |first=Bhanuj |date=25 February 2026 |title=GQ Hype: Hip-hop artist Reble on turning rage into rap, her refusal to be boxed in, and life after Dhurandhar |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/gq-hype-hip-hop-artist-reble-on-turning-rage-into-rap-her-refusal-to-be-boxed-in-and-life-after-dhurandhar |access-date=26 February 2026 |website=[[GQ India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> In March, she appeared on the [[Dhurandhar: The Revenge (soundtrack)|soundtrack]] of ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]'' where she is credited in four of the songs, including "Aari Aari", "Main Aur Tu", "Vaari Jaavan", and "Rang De Lal (Oye Oye)".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-18 |title=Main Aur Tu from Dhurandhar 2: Jasmine Sandlas’ song brings bold beats and attitude |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/main-aur-tu-from-dhurandhar-2-jasmine-sandlas-song-brings-bold-beats-and-attitude-2883646-2026-03-18 |access-date=2026-03-19 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":42" />

== Artistry ==

=== Musical style ===

Reble's music has been labelled as [[hip-hop]] having elements from [[Trap music|trap]], [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]], [[Alternative rock|alternative]], and [[R&B]].<ref name="Khan-2025" /><ref name="www.femina.in">{{Cite web |title=The Fab List 2025 : Daiaphi "Reble" Lamare, Rapper & Northeast Hip-Hop Trailblazer {{!}} Femina.in |url=https://www.femina.in/trending/achievers/the-fab-list-2025-daiaphi-reble-lamare-rapper-northeast-hip-hop-trailblazer-288679.html |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=www.femina.in |language=en}}</ref> Her lyrics has been described as edgy.<ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026" /> Magazines like ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]'' have featured her music for its bold lyricism, cultural clarity that amplify the voices of the [[Northeast India]].<ref name="www.femina.in" /> Music journalist Anurag Tagat said that her earlier works incorporated elements of soulful singing, whereas later singles such as "New Riot" (2025) were inspired by bands like [[Deftones]].<ref name=":6" /> Her songs aim to create songs that connect with everyday struggle, dreams, and identify.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosal |first=Sharmistha |date=22 August 2023 |title=Reble's new single, Opening Act, retells her struggle as a rap artiste |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2023/Aug/21/rebles-new-single-opening-act-retells-her-struggle-as-a-rap-artiste-52364.html |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en |archive-date=21 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250721041512/https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2023/Aug/21/rebles-new-single-opening-act-retells-her-struggle-as-a-rap-artiste-52364.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.femina.in" /> A prominent theme in her work, she states, is identity rooted in lived experience: "the trauma, the instability, the feeling of never really belonging — that's what you hear in my music."<ref name="Punjabi-2025">{{Cite web |last=Punjabi |first=Vishakha |date=10 July 2025 |title=Shillong Rapper Reble Pours Raw Emotion Into Her Music |url=https://elle.in/life-culture/shillong-rapper-reble-pours-raw-emotion-into-her-music-9442044 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Elle India |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810011844/https://elle.in/life-culture/shillong-rapper-reble-pours-raw-emotion-into-her-music-9442044 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Influences ===
Reble has cited [[Eminem]] her biggest idol, stating she grew up listening to his music.<ref name="liftedasia.com">{{Cite web |title=The LiFTED 5: REBLE resonates |url=https://liftedasia.com/articles/the-lifted-5-reble-resonates |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=liftedasia.com |language=en-US |archive-date=7 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107070849/https://liftedasia.com/articles/the-lifted-5-reble-resonates |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also mentioned [[André 3000]],<ref name="liftedasia.com" /> [[The Notorious B.I.G.]],<ref name="Punjabi-2025" /> [[Tupac Shakur]],<ref name="Punjabi-2025" /> [[Linkin Park]],<ref name="Mid-day-2025" /> [[MGMT]],<ref name="Kaur-2025" /> and [[Pink Floyd]]<ref name="Kaur-2025" /> as influences. Among Indian artists, she admires [[Hanumankind]], [[Chaar Diwaari]], and [[Yashraj]]. She also expressed her wish to collaborate with rappers like [[Tyler, the Creator]], and [[G-Eazy]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi-2025">{{Cite web |date=6 September 2025 |title='I didn't want it to be just any movie...': Shillong rapper Reble on her Malayalam debut with 'Lokah Chapter 1' |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/i-didnt-want-it-to-be-just-any-movie-shillong-rapper-reble-on-her-malayalam-debut-with-lokah-chapter-1-idwc4hoo |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925155032/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/i-didnt-want-it-to-be-just-any-movie-shillong-rapper-reble-on-her-malayalam-debut-with-lokah-chapter-1-idwc4hoo |url-status=live |last=Viju|first=Sia}}</ref>

== Public image ==

=== Social views ===
Reble disapproves of tokenism in rap culture, saying, "The only bit that grinds my gears is when festivals pretend to care about gender equality by tossing women on a lineup for appearances. I'm not filler, I'm a headliner."<ref name="Punjabi-2025" /> She is one of the few female rappers from the [[Northeast India]]. Speaking about her ethnic background, she said, "I think it's not really a stereotype - it is what it is. People recognise that you come from a particular ethnic group and that you look different, but there's no lie in that. You do come from a very different place, and you do look different, even if it's often framed as a stereotype. I think what one can do is take pride in it, and that makes a difference."<ref name="Mathrubhumi-2025" /> She wants to inspire women into the Indian rap scene. She thinks people don't need to sexualise themselves in order to sell music:<ref name="www.news18.com" /><blockquote>I think there's a lot of room for improvement in the female rap scene. I don't believe anyone should be given importance just because they're men or women. You just need to make good music and let that speak for itself. If you look at things from a wider perspective, nobody talks about [[Nicki Minaj]] or [[Doechii]] in terms of gender, because they live up to the standard. They're good musicians, and it doesn't matter whether they're women or men— they make good music, and it speaks for itself.<ref name="Mathrubhumi-2025" /></blockquote>Speaking about music labels to [[Elle (magazine)|''Elle India'']], Reble believes, "labels do not mean much nowadays since music is everywhere". She credits platforms like [[Instagram]] and [[TikTok]] for blowing up older music.<ref name="Punjabi-2025" />

== Discography ==

=== Extended plays ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!Title
!Details
|-
! scope="row" |''Entropy<ref name=":0" />''
|
* Released: 25 November 2022
* Label: Kamani Records
* Formats: Digital download, streaming
|}

=== Singles ===

==== As lead artist ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Album
|-
! scope="row" |"Bad"<ref name="Tagat-2019" />
| rowspan="2" |2019
| rowspan="14" {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" |"Believe"<ref name="Tagat-2019" />
|-
! scope="row" |"Manifest"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=21 October 2020 |title=Shillong Artists Reble and Dappest Team Up for Motivational Track 'Manifest' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/shillong-artists-reble-and-dappest-team-up-for-motivational-track-manifest/ |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref> (with Dappest)
|2020
|-
! scope="row" |"Flove"''<ref name=":0" />'' (with Pezo Kronu)
| rowspan="2" |2022
|-
! scope="row" |Gasoline (with B4NSHAN)
|-
! scope="row" |"Opening Act"
| rowspan="2" |2023
|-
! scope="row" |"Muse"<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2024 |title=“I will always do justice to its sound. The rest, destiny will figure out for itself.” – In Conversation With Reble - The Indian Music Diaries |url=https://theindianmusicdiaries.com/i-will-always-do-justice-to-its-sound-the-rest-destiny-will-figure-out-for-itself-in-conversation-with-reble/ |access-date=14 February 2026 |website=theindianmusicdiaries.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |"Terror"<ref name=":1" />
| rowspan="2" |2024
|-
! scope="row" |"Kill Switch (Red Bull 64 Bars)"<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2024 |title=Story behind the song: 'Kill Switch' by Reble x Parimal Shais |url=https://www.redbull.com/in-en/red-bull-64-bars-reble-parimal-shais-kill-switch |access-date= |website=[[Red Bull]] |language=en-in}}</ref> (with Parimal Shais)
|-
! scope="row" |"East India Cypher"<ref name="liftedasia.com" /> (with Rapper Big Deal, Cizzy, Rahul Rajkhowa and G’nie)
| rowspan="5" |2025
|-
! scope="row" |"Set It Off"<ref name=":1" /> (with Kim The Beloved)
|-
! scope="row" |"Only Uparwala Can Judge Me"<ref name=":1" /> (with Dhanji and Clifr)
|-
! scope="row" |"United by Hip Hop" (with [[Paal Dabba]], Vichaar and 99side)
|-
! scope="row" |"New Riot"<ref name=":2" /> (with Parimal Shais)

|}

==== As featured artist ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Album
|-
! scope="row" |"Bipolar" (B.A.D featuring Reble and VINCZ)
| rowspan="2" |2022
|rowspan="3"{{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" |"Talk of the Town"<ref name=":4" /> (BoomSpace featuring Reble and kbjj)
|-
! scope="row" |"Bitch Please" (Rahul Rajkhowa featuring Reble)
| rowspan="2" |2023
|-
! scope="row" |"Bediyan"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=5 January 2024 |title=Rashmeet Kaur Drops Tracklist for 'KAURA' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/rashmeet-kaur-kaura-album-tracklist-seedhe-maut-simiran-kaur-dhadli/ |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref> ([[Rashmeet Kaur]] featuring Reble and Tracy De Sà)
|''KAURA (Aura Of Kaur)''
|-
! scope="row" |"Time Is Money"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reble, Raj & Bebhumika Aim At The Music Industry On 'Time Is Money' |url=https://www.thewildcity.com/news/20600-reble-raj-bebhumika-aim-at-the-music-industry-on-time-is-money |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=www.thewildcity.com |language=en}}</ref> (Raj featuring Reble and Bebhumika)
|2024
|{{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row"|"For Life" (The Pursuetist House featuring Reble and Dishaan)
|2025
|''The Pursuetist House Vol. 1''
|}

=== Film soundtracks ===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Language
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Music
! scope="col" |Lyrics
! scope="col" |Co-artist(s)
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025
! scope=row |[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra (soundtrack)|''Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra'']]
|Malayalam
|"Thani Lokah Murakkaari"
|[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|[[Muhsin Parari|Mu.Ri]]
|[[Jyoti Nooran]]
|<ref name="Mathrubhumi-2025" />
|-
! scope=row rowspan="3" |[[Dhurandhar (soundtrack)|''Dhurandhar'']]
| rowspan="7" |Hindi
|"Run Down the City – Monica"
| rowspan="6" |[[Shashwat Sachdev]]
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], Reble
|[[Asha Bhosle]], [[R. D. Burman]]
| rowspan="3" |<ref name="Nandkeolyar-2026" /><ref name=":3" />
|-
|"Move – Yeh Ishq Ishq"
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]], Reble
|[[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
|"Naal Nachna"
|[[Irshad Kamil]], Reble
|[[Afsana Khan]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2026
! rowspan="4" scope="row" |''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge (soundtrack)|Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
| "Aari Aari"
|[[Irshad Kamil]], [[Bombay Rockers]], Reble, [[Token (rapper)|Token]]
|Navtej Singh Rehal, Khaan Saab, [[Jasmine Sandlas]], Sudhir Yaduvanshi, Token
|<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar The Revenge revives Ari Ari, early 2000s pop song by Bombay Rockers|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/dhurandhar-the-revenge-revives-early-2000s-pop-song-ari-ari-by-bombay-rockers-23620003|access-date=2026-03-11|website=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Main Aur Tu"
| rowspan="2" |Jasmine Sandlas, Reble
|Jasmine Sandlas, Shashwat Sachdev
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar 2: The Revenge drops second track ‘Main Aur Tu’ with high-energy beats |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/dhurandhar-2-main-aur-tu-song-release/153855957/amp |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Vaari Jaavan"
|Jyoti Nooran
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhurandhar 2 Song 'Vaari Jaavan' Lyrics: Breaking Down Jyoti Nooran and Reble's Powerful Track |url=https://www.herzindagi.com/movies/dhurandhar-2-song-vaari-jaavan-lyrics-meaning-jyoti-nooran-and-reble-powerful-track-article-1058919 |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Herzindagi |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|"Rang De Lal (Oye Oye)"
|Shashwat Sachdev, [[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
|Jasmine Sandlas, Reble, [[Anand Bakshi]]
|Jasmine Sandlas, Afsana Khan, [[Amit Kumar]], [[Sapna Mukherjee]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2026|title=‘You cannot replace its soul’: Singer Sapna Mukherjee on ‘Oye Oye’ reuse in ‘Dhurandhar 2’|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/singer-sapna-mukherjee-reacts-to-oye-oye-reuse-in-dhurandhar-2/cid/2153670|website=[[The Telegraph (India)| The Telegraph India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2026|title=Oye Oye Singer Sapna Mukherjee On Its Revival In Dhurandhar 2: "My Voice Was Not Replaced, It Was Respected"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/my-voice-was-respected-not-replaced-sapna-mukherjee-on-oye-oye-recreation-in-dhurandhar-2-11281310|website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
|}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award !! Year !! Recipient(s) and nominee(s) !! Category !! Result !! Ref
|-
| TIMD Awards{{efn|TIMD Awards is an independent music award given by The Indian Music Diaries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TIMD Awards {{!}} The Indian Music Diaries |url=https://theindianmusicdiaries.com/tag/timd-awards/ |access-date=13 January 2026 |language=en-US |archive-date=13 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113150349/https://theindianmusicdiaries.com/tag/timd-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} || 2024 || Reble || Best Emerging Hip-Hop Artist of the Year || {{Won}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasanth |first=Kusumitha |date=22 February 2024 |title=TIMD Awards Through The Years: A Recap of All The Winners |url=https://theindianmusicdiaries.com/timd-awards-through-the-years-a-recap-of-all-the-winners/ |access-date=13 January 2026 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011101545/https://theindianmusicdiaries.com/timd-awards-through-the-years-a-recap-of-all-the-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian rappers]]
[[Category:Singers from Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women rappers]]
[[Category:Indian women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian rappers]]
[[Category:21st-century women rappers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

O'Romeo

2026-05-07T13:55:34Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{Short description|2026 Hindi-language film by Vishal Bhardwaj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox film
| italic_title = O'Romeo
| name = O'Romeo
| image = O'Romeo film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| screenplay = Vishal Bhardwaj Rohan Narula
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Vishal Bhardwaj
}}
| story = [[Hussain Zaidi]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Mafia Queens of Mumbai]]''| Hussain Zaidi}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2026 |title=O' Romeo: Vishal Bhardwaj on not seeking consent of Hussain Ustara's family |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/vishal-bhardwaj-romeo-legal-notice-gangster-family-consent-dispute-2855724-2026-01-21 |access-date=21 January 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
| producer = [[Sajid Nadiadwala]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shahid Kapoor]]
* [[Triptii Dimri]]
* [[Nana Patekar]]
* [[Avinash Tiwary]]
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
* [[Disha Patani]]
* [[Farida Jalal]]
* [[Aruna Irani]]
* [[Rahul Deshpande]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Ben Bernhard]]
| editing = Aarif Sheikh
| music = Vishal Bhardwaj
| studio = [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]] VB Films
| distributor = [[Pen India Limited|Pen Marudhar]]
| released = {{Film date|2026|02|13|df=y}}
| runtime = 178 minutes<ref>{{cite web |access-date=11 February 2026 |title=EXCLUSIVE: O'Romeo is Shahid Kapoor's second A-rated film after Kabir Singh; CBFC replaces 'Item' with 'Kumari'; reduces 'woman slapping visual' by 20% |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-oromeo-shahid-kapoors-second-rated-film-kabir-singh-cbfc-replaces-item-kumari-reduces-woman-slapping-visual-20/ |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = ₹125{{ndash}}150 [[crore]]<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |title=O' Romeo Box Office Estimate Day 1: Shahid Kapoor starrer takes a decent start; opens at Rs. 8.25 crores |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=2026-02-13 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/o-romeo-box-office-estimate-day-1-shahid-kapoor-starrer-takes-decent-start-opens-rs-8-25-crores/ |access-date=2026-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=मेहरा |first=संदीप |date=7 February 2026 |title=Shahid Kapoor Biggest Opener: कैसे शाहिद की सबसे बड़ी ओपनर बनेगी 'ओ रोमियो'? अभी ये फिल्म है नंबर-1 |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/o-romeo-actor-shahid-kapoor-biggest-opener-kabir-singh-know-day-1-collection-3677627.html |website=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |title=O Romeo Box Office Collection Day 1 early report: Shahid Kapoor-Vishal Bhardwaj film starts slow, to surpass Haider day 1 earning |website=The Indian Express |date=2026-02-13 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/o-romeo-box-office-collection-day-1-shahid-kapoor-vishal-bhardwaj-film-to-surpass-the-opening-day-collection-of-haider-10530676/ |access-date=2026-02-14}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|92.86 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=O'Romeo Box Office Collection|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/o-romeo/box-office/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=14 February 2026|access-date=3 April 2026}}</ref>
}}

'''''O'Romeo''''' is a 2026 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[action film|action thriller]] film written and directed by [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]. Produced by [[Sajid Nadiadwala]] for [[Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment]], the film is based on the non-fiction book ''[[Mafia Queens of Mumbai]]'' by [[Hussain Zaidi]]. It stars [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Triptii Dimri]], [[Nana Patekar]], [[Avinash Tiwary]], [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], [[Disha Patani]] and [[Farida Jalal]], with [[Vikrant Massey]] in a special appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 December 2025 |title=BREAKING: Sajid Nadiadwala's Shahid Kapoor-starrer O Romeo expands ensemble with Vikrant Massey, Tamannaah Bhatia, Disha Patani |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-sajid-nadiadwalas-shahid-kapoor-starrer-o-romeo-expands-ensemble-vikrant-massey-tamannaah-bhatia-disha-patani/ |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vishal Bhardwaj Reveals How He Convinced Farida Jalal To Abuse In O'Romeo: 'It Is Necessary...' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/vishal-bhardwaj-reveals-how-he-convinced-farida-jalal-to-abuse-in-oromeo-it-is-necessary-ws-kl-9847614.html |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Principal photography]] began in January 2025 and took place primarily in [[Mumbai]] and Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=14 September 2025 |title=O Romeo: Shahid Kapoor, Triptii Dimri's movie with Vishal Bharadwaj gets its title; release date changed |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/o-romeo-shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-s-movie-with-vishal-bharadwaj-finally-gets-its-title-release-date-2025-09-14-1008128 |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=[[IndiaTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=October 26, 2025 |title=Shahid Kapoor, Triptii Dimri Shoot Climax As Vishal Bhardwaj Recreates Spain In Mumbai For O Romeo |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-shoot-climax-as-vishal-bhardwaj-recreates-spain-in-mumbai-for-o-romeo-ws-l-9659340.html |website=[[News18 India]]}}</ref> ''O' Romeo'' was released on 13 February 2026, coinciding with the [[Valentine's Day]] weekend and received mixed reviews from critics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2026 |title=O'Romeo box office collection: Shahid Kapoor, Triptii Dimri's movie opens on slow note on day 1. Will it beat Kabir Singh? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/oromeo-box-office-collection-shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimris-movie-opens-on-slow-note-on-day-1-will-it-beat-kabir-singh/articleshow/128295910.cms |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> The film was a commercial failure.<ref>https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=9666</ref>

== Plot ==
The events of the film take place in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], 1994, and revolve around Ustara, a feared gangster and hitman who kills his targets using a barber's [[razor]]. Ismail Khan, an Intelligence Officer had saved Ustara from Jalal, a gangster established in Spain after Ustara killed Jalal's brother a long time ago, has been using Ustara as a covert operative for himself since. Ismail gives Ustara the contract of killing Jayesh Duggal, Jalal's Financer. Ustara finds Duggal in a theatre and takes down a swarm of bald bodyguards. Just as Duggal is about to escape, Ismail enters and kills him. Fed up of working for Ismail, Ustara plans on escaping to Fiji. Ustara then meets Afshan, a widow, who wants him to kill Inspector Pathare, Ansari, Shankar and Jalal. But Ustara refuses and humiliates her.

It is revealed that her childhood love and husband Mamdu, began working in Jalal's gang for money. After Afshan tells him to leave the gang, Mamdu attempts to do so, but, Shankar and Pathare kill him. Advocate Ansari fabricates fake evidence and frames Mamdu as dangerous criminal and Pathare as an honest officer, thus leaving Afshan no choice but to take matters in her own hands.

A few days later, Afshan steals Ustara's gun and unsuccessfully attempts to kill Inspector Pathare at a [[Coffeehouse|cafe]], but then finds Ansari alone in the cafe washroom and points her gun at him, but Ansari deceives her, grabbing her gun, and as he is about to kill her, Ustara enters and slits his throat.

Ustara, upon seeing her conviction, cancels his plan to escape India and decides to help Afshan. With time Afshan and Ustara bond and he falls in love with her, but as Afshan is scared and reluctant to pursue her quest for revenge further, Ustara motivates her and trains her in combat and shooting. Ismail orders Ustara to help seize Jalal's upcoming drug shipment in Kathmandu, Nepal. Ustara, Afshan and the gang leave for the mission to seize Jalal's docket, but the gang is trapped and caught by Jalal's men, and several of Ustara's gang members are killed. After Afshan helps the gang to escape, Ustara cremates his dead men, and confesses his love to her.

The next day, Ustara finds Afshan missing and Jalal orders his men to double the drug production, as Jayesh Duggal, the financer who could have helped them cope with the losses, had been killed by Ustara as well. Jalal's wife Rabia is revealed to be psychologically unstable after losing her child, for which Jalal considers Ustara responsible. As Jalal has recently suffered a huge loss, and has speeded up the drug work to cope up, Ismail suggests Ustara that it would be a great time to attack Jalal's drug factory and eradicate Jalal's drug empire in [[India]]. In return, Ustara asks for Ismail's help to find Afshan.

A few days later, enraged by still not finding Afshan, without consulting Ismail, Ustara singly handedly storms and burns down Jalal's drug factory. Enraged, Jalal orders Pathare and Shankar to kill Ustara within a week. Ismail, worried about what might happen to Ustara orders him to leave the country. Meanwhile, Ustara learns that Afshan has been secretly working with Ismail and has been acting as Pathare's wife under the false name "Rani Sharma" to get close to Shankar. One day, amidst the chaos of Ganesh Chaturthi, Afshan kills Shankar.

Pathare, further enraged by Shankar's death follows Ismail in hope of finding Ustara whenever the two meet. Ismail enters a local train to meet Afshan. Pathare gathers his team on the next station to illegally encounter Ustara. Ustara gets tipped about Ismail and Afshan's meeting and Pathare's plan by his men, and frightened that Afshan's Identity might be revealed to Pathare, he enters the train to warn the two. But before Ustara can explain, the situation heats up and Ustara and Ismail have to act as bait in order to let Afshan escape.

Pathare enters the train, leading to a shootout in which both Ismail and Ustara are shot brutally injured. Pathare takes his wife Afshan "Rani Sharma" to Jalal's Carnival in Portugal for Honeymoon. There, she tries to kill Jalal but gets caught, as Pathare had found her Id from Ismail's pocket during the shootout and knew her true identity all along. Jalal then forces Afshan to kill Pathare for his mess ups, and then imprisons her.

A few months later, Ustara invades Jalal's palace, and encounters Rabia while killing his bodyguards. It is revealed that a few years ago, it was the then pregnant Rabia, who informed Jalal's terrorism plans with the ISI to Ismail, however she had got caught by Jalal's brother Mohsin and had accidentally shot him dead in the commotion. The trauma caused Rabia to lose her unborn baby in a stillbirth. In order to save her, Ustara had taken the blame and had fled with Ismail's help. In the present, Rabia sides with Ustara out of gratitude and hands over the keys and directions to Afshan's cell. Rabia flees the scene and arrives at Jalal's bullfighting arena, while Ustara reunites with Afshan and subsequently kills Jalal's men in a shootout, then enter the arena with his gang members.

One of Jalal's henchmen who had survived Ustara's ambush informs him about Rabia's truth on a phone, and enraged Jalal confronts the unstable Rabia and beheads her. In the arena, Ustara and Jalal fight, and Ustara brutally injures Jalal with his razors, and Afshan takes his life with a sword.

The film ends with Afshan becoming a classical music teacher like her father and a hospitalized Ismail reminding Ustara that until all drug lords like Jalal are finished, Ustara shall always dance on his orders.

== Cast ==

{{Cast listing|
* [[Shahid Kapoor]] as Ustara
* [[Triptii Dimri]] as Afshan Qureshi / Rani Sharma
* [[Nana Patekar]] as DCP Ismail Khan
* [[Avinash Tiwary]] as Jalaluddin “Jalal” Shah
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] as Rabia Jalaluddin Shah
* [[Disha Patani]] as Julie
* [[Farida Jalal]] as Dadi
* [[Hussain Dalal]] as Chhotu
* [[Rahul Deshpande]] as Inspector Pathare
* Rohit Pathak as Shankar
* [[Rahul Khanna]] as Rafeeq
* Resh Lamba as Anjum Ansari
* Shaurya Shah as Meerasi
* Allauddin Khan as Bhagheera
* Gourav Sharma as Ram
* Goutam Sharma as Shyam
* Sarthak Khurana as Anwar Ali
* [[Vikrant Massey]] as Mehmood “Billu” Qureshi (Special Appearance)
* [[Aruna Irani]] as Brothel owner
* Ajay jadhav as matchmaker
* [[Roshni Walia]] as Roshni Chopra
* [[Natasha Bharadwaj]] as Nargis
}}

== Production ==
=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] commenced in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2025 |title=Shahid Kapoor, Triptii Dimri start shooting for Vishal Bhardwaj's action thriller in Mumbai|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-start-shooting-for-vishal-bhardwajs-action-thriller-in-mumbai-101736176349155.html |access-date=13 February 2026 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-begin-shooting-for-vishal-bhardwajs-action-thriller-7417615/ |title=Shahid Kapoor, Triptii Dimri Begin Shooting For Vishal Bhardwaj's Action-Thriller|work=NDTV|date=7 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> Filming concluded in August 2025.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/features/shahid-kapoor-shares-emotional-wrap-note-vishal-bhardwajs-upcoming-film-calls-super-special/ |title=Shahid Kapoor shares emotional wrap-up note for Vishal Bhardwaj's upcoming film, calls it "SUPER SPECIAL"|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=1 September 2025 |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/shahid-kapoor-fourth-film-vishal-bharadwaj-tripti-dimri-nana-patekar-avinash-tiwary-disha-patani-farida-jalal-2779551-2025-08-31 |title=Shahid Kapoor wraps 4th film with Vishal Bhardwaj: This one's super special|work=India Today|date=31 August 2025 |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|O'Romeo (soundtrack)}}
The music for the film was composed by [[Vishal Bhardwaj]], with lyrics written by [[Gulzar]]. The audio rights of the film were acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]. The first single, titled "Hum To Tere Hi Liye The" was released on 16 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2026 |title=O'Romeo: Song Hum To Tere Hi Liye The shows harsh realities colliding with fragile emotions|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/oromeo-hum-to-tere-hi-liye-the-song-out-23612407 |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=Mid Day}}</ref> The second single titled "Aashiqon Ki Colony" was released on 27 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2026 |title=Disha Patani, Shahid Kapoor add firepower to O'Romeo with Aashiqon Ki Colony song|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/disha-patani-shahid-kapoor-bring-firepower-to-o-romeo-with-aashiqon-ki-colony-song-2858379-2026-01-27 |access-date=27 January 2026 |website=India Today}}</ref> The third single titled "Ishq Ka Fever" was released on 2 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Ishq Ka Fever: Shahid Kapoor-Triptii Dimri share chemistry in O'Romeo's new song|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ishq-ka-fever-shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-share-chemistry-in-o-romeo-new-song-2861667-2026-02-02 |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=India Today}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''O'Romeo'' was theatrically released on 13 February 2026, coinciding with [[Valentine's Day]] weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ritika |date=14 September 2025 |title=Shahid Kapoor, Triptii Dimri to star in Vishal Bhardwaj's action thriller O' Romeo; releasing on Valentine's Day 2026 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-to-star-in-vishal-bhardwaj-s-action-thriller-o-romeo-releasing-on-valentine-s-day-2026-101757845714572.html |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=14 September 2025 |title=O' Romeo: Vishal Bhardwaj's next starring Shahid Kapoor and Triptii Dimri to release on Valentine's Day 2026 |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/o-romeo-vishal-bhardwaj-s-next-starring-shahid-kapoor-and-triptii-dimri-to-release-on-valentines-day-2026-11757860924366.html |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> It received an "[[A-certificate|A]]" (Adults Only) certificate from the [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] for graphic violence and strong language.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 February 2026 |title=EXCLUSIVE: O'Romeo is Shahid Kapoor's second A-rated film after Kabir Singh; CBFC replaces 'Item' with 'Kumari'; reduces 'woman slapping visual' by 20% |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-oromeo-shahid-kapoors-second-rated-film-kabir-singh-cbfc-replaces-item-kumari-reduces-woman-slapping-visual-20/ |access-date=11 February 2026 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The post-theatrical digital streaming rights of the film were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2026 |title='O'Romeo OTT platform confirmed: When and where to stream Shahid Kapoor - Triptii Dimri starrer after its theatrical run |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/oromeo-ott-platform-confirmed-when-and-where-to-stream-shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-starrer-after-its-theatrical-run/articleshow/126465054.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 January 2026}}</ref> The film began streaming on the platform from 10 April 2026.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=10 April 2026 |title=Shahid Kapoor starrer O'Romeo drops on Prime Video; Vishal Bhardwaj's mafia romance thriller streams from April 10 onwards |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shahid-kapoor-starrer-oromeo-drops-on-prime-video-vishal-bhardwajs-mafia-romance-thriller-streams-from-april-10-onwards/ |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

== Reception ==
===Critical response===
''O'Romeo'' received mixed reviews from critics.

Kashvi Raj Singh of ''[[Network18 Group|News18]]'' rated the film 4 stars out of 5 and wrote, "In a time of blood fatigue in films, it is easy to dismiss O’Romeo. Had it come before films like Animal and Dhurandhar, it could have been better for the film. Yes, O’Romeo has its share of gore, but it is also different, and it deserves attention. It combines both good performance and technical brilliance."<ref>{{Cite web |title=O'Romeo Review: Shahid Kapoor, Triptii And Cinematographer Ben Bernhard Brilliantly Helm Vishal Bhardwaj's Vision |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/reviews/oromeo-review-shahid-kapoor-triptii-and-cinematographer-ben-bernhard-brilliantly-helm-vishal-bhardwajs-vision-ws-l-9901440.html |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India|The Times Of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "Despite frequent pacing issues that demand patience, O' Romeo is worth watching for its performances, atmosphere and cinematic brilliance."<ref>{{Cite web |title=O' Romeo Movie Review: Romance and revenge blended with cinematic brilliance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/o-romeo/movie-review/128293456.cms |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "O'Romeo is at once a love story, a revenge saga, and a crime drama. Every seemingly conflicting strand merges with the others without the lines separating (or linking) them being unduly overt. Rarely does a Hindi action film use the spirit of music and poetry to buttress emotional turmoil, physical strife, and excessive violence to the extent that this one does."<ref>{{Cite web |title=O'Romeo Review: Shahid Kapoor Film Is Vivid, Visceral And Visually Varied |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/oromeo-review-shahid-kapoor-film-is-vivid-visceral-and-visually-varied-3-5-stars-10998741 |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref>

Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "O’ Romeo is undoubtedly a complete massy entertainer, but the script never thins down. A big shout-out to Vishal Bharadwaj for giving such a solid film with quirky dialogues, brilliant music, and engaging performances by each of the actors."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vishal Bhardwaj's 'O' Romeo' Movie Review: Not just Shahid Kapoor and Triptii Dimri; Avinash Tiwari's intense performance stands out in this film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/o-romeo-movie-review-not-just-shahid-kapoor-and-triptii-dimri-avinash-tiwari-and-nana-patekars-intense-performances-stand-out-in-thisvishal-bhardwajs-fil-13979401.html |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "In the end, the film is held together by its performances. The actors commit with such conviction that they make even the wildest flourishes feel momentarily plausible. You may roll your eyes at the excess, but you will not be bored. Like any good opera, it demands surrender. And if you give in, it rewards you with spectacle, passion and performances that linger long after the curtain falls."<ref>{{Cite web |title=O'Romeo Review: Blood-soaked romance |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/reviews/bollywood-movies/oromeo-review-blood-soaked-romance-81677.amp |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> A critic for ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote "On the whole, O'ROMEO delivers several well-made moments and strong performances from the lead cast. However, the uneven writing and the ordinary soundtrack prevent it from creating the kind of impact it aims for."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Bollywood Hungama News |date=2026-02-13 |title=O' Romeo Movie Review: O'ROMEO delivers |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/o-romeo/critic-review/o-romeo-movie-review/oromeo-delivers/ |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, "Overall, O’Romeo has moments that remind you why Bhardwaj remains one of our most distinctive filmmakers, but they are scattered across a narrative that loses emotional clarity along the way. Despite Shahid’s wild energy and a few stylish flourishes, the film struggles to find its emotional core. It is watchable, even fun in parts, but rarely affecting in the way Bhardwaj’s best work is. You walk out entertained in flashes... and strangely unmoved."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-14 |title=Kartik Aaryan is 'one of the most terrible actors' we have, says Prashant Narayanan: 'He's only surviving because of...' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-is-one-of-the-most-terrible-actors-we-have-says-prashant-narayanan-bollywood-101771036720780.html |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Tanmayi Savadi of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, "O’ Romeo isn't a bad film nor a masterpiece. It has a lot of loose ends and unexplained connections. Due to this, it becomes difficult to join dots and feel characters and their purposes. With excellent performances, and Vishal's ability to tell a fairly engaging story for 3 hours, O’ Romeo can be watched with loved ones and parents, only if violence, abuses and bloodshed are palatable."<ref>{{Cite web |title=O Romeo Movie Review: Shahid Kapoor, Triptii Dimri Film Is A Poetic Bloodbath Despite Dragged Screenplay |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/o-romeo-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-film-is-a-poetic-bloodbath-despite-dragged-screenplay-review-153603705 |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5 out 5 stars and stated that the film is "high on style and swag, low on substance".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=13 February 2026 |title=O Romeo movie review: Shahid Kapoor-Triptii Dimri film is high on style and swag, low on substance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/o-romeo-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-film-high-on-style-low-on-substance-10530249/ |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars, saying "Shahid Kapoor-Vishal Bhardwaj fail to recreate Haider, Kaminey magic" "despite poetic frames and intense performances, the film struggles with an uneven screenplay and an underwhelming emotional pay-off."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=13 February 2026 |title=O' Romeo review: Shahid Kapoor-Vishal Bhardwaj fail to recreate Haider, Kaminey magic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/o-romeo-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-vishal-bhardwaj-fail-to-recreate-haider-kaminey-magic-2867694-2026-02-13 |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Sakshi Salil Chavan of ''[[Outlook India]]'' rated with 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "The film does not redefine the gangster saga, yet it offers sufficient spectacle and emotional voltage to warrant a theatrical viewing. The final act regains urgency and culminates in a rousing yet foreseeable crescendo. With a more disciplined edit though, ‘O’ Romeo’ might have achieved the narrative stature its ambition seeks."<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2026 |title=O' Romeo Review {{dash}} A Lush Crime Epic That Slowly Unravels Under Its Own Excess |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/movie-review/o-romeo-review-a-lush-crime-epic-that-slowly-unravels-under-its-own-excess |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[Outlook India]]}}</ref>

Anindita Mukhopadhyay of ''[[India TV]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "What begins with promise slowly loses grip, especially in the second half where the writing weakens and the emotional impact fades. It looks beautiful, it sounds good, but it doesn’t stay with you the way it should. It’s not a bad film. It’s just not a fully satisfying one either."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Anindita |date=13 February 2026 |title=O Romeo Movie Review: Shahid Kapoor leads strongly but Vishal Bhardwaj's narrative weakens after a point |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/o-romeo-movie-review-rating-shahid-kapoor-triptii-dimri-vishal-bhardwaj-1198 |access-date=13 February 2026 |website= [[India TV]]}}</ref> Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[Moneycontrol]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "‘O’ Romeo' is like a grand building: impressive from the outside but not what you expect inside. This is Bhardwaj's most commercial attempt, and it both succeeds and misfires. The film is worth watching mainly for Shahid Kapoor, who owns the role completely. While the story and pacing falter, the visual style, action sequences, and quirky moments keep it watchable."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Abhishek |date=13 February 2026 |title=O' Romeo Movie Review: Shahid Kapoor shines, but this Vishal Bhardwaj film remains an underwhelming affair |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/bollywood/o-romeo-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-shines-but-this-vishal-bhardwaj-film-remains-an-underwhelming-affair-article-13827037.html |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref> Mukund Setlur of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' rated the film 1.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "There are some brilliant scenes, but for a cinematic nightmare of three hours, a few scenes are not worth the time. Some songs are likely to become chartbusters but mar the pace of the film! It looks like Bhardwaj was at crossroads while making directorial choices — to tell a story to appeal to the masses and in that process has failed to play to his strengths."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-14 |title='O Romeo' movie review: Vishal's gangster film fails to deliver |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/o-romeo-movie-review-vishals-gangster-film-fails-to-deliver-3898100 |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted "Shahid Kapoor soars, Vishal Bhardwaj struggles in this meandering romantic action drama".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=13 February 2026 |title=O' Romeo movie review: Shahid Kapoor soars, Vishal Bhardwaj struggles in this meandering romantic action drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/o-romeo-movie-review-shahid-kapoor-vishal-bhardwaj-triptii-dimri-meandering-romantic-action-drama/article70628578.ece |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' wrote that the film "fails to make a dent in the Bombay gangster-epic landscape".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=13 February 2026 |title='O'Romeo' Movie Review: A Curiously Ineffective Vishal Bhardwaj Special |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/oromeo-movie-review-a-curiously-ineffective-vishal-bhardwaj-shahid-kapoor-special |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film collected ₹8.25 crore on opening day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/o-romeo-box-office-estimate-day-1-shahid-kapoor-starrer-takes-decent-start-opens-rs-8-25-crores/|title=O' Romeo Box Office Estimate Day 1: Shahid Kapoor starrer takes a decent start; opens at Rs. 8.25 crores :Bollywood Box Office - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt31969779}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie | id= o-romeo | title= O'Romeo }}

{{Vishal Bhardwaj|state=expanded}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}

[[Category:2020s Indian films]]
[[Category:2026 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vishal Bhardwaj]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Spain]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]

Jagadish Gudagunti

2026-05-02T14:45:17Z

StevieBavin8727: creating data!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1955)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 15 May 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Anand Nyamagouda]]
| successor =
| order2 =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| president =
| prime_minister =
| governor =
| constituency = [[Jamkhandi Assembly constituency|Jamkhandi]]
| majority =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| spouse =
| children =
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| profession =
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}}
'''Jagadish Shivayya Gudagunti''' (born 1955) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is a member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from [[Jamkhandi Assembly constituency]] in [[Bagalkot district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagadeesh Shivayya Gudagunti in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/jagadeesh-shivayya-gudagunti-jamkhandi-candidate-s10a021c007/ |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gudagunti is from [[Jamakhandi|Jamkhandi]], Bagalkot district, Karnataka. His father is Shivayya Gudagunti. He completed his Diploma in Mechanical Engineering in 1972 at [[Basaveshvara Engineering College|Basaveshwar Engineering College]], [[Bagalkote]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagadish Gudagunti(Independent(IND)):Constituency- JAMKHANDI(BAGALKOT) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://www.myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=1415 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gudagunti was elected as an MLA for the first time from Jamkhandi Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 81,937 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Anand Siddu Nyamagouda of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 4,716 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]], he contested as an independent candidate and polled 27,993 votes but lost to Nyamagouda of the Congress by a margin of 21,152 votes.<ref name="Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates">{{cite news|last1=India Today|title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 winners: Full list of winning candidates|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13|accessdate=17 November 2024|date=13 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927231528/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-assembly-polls-2023/story/karnataka-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2378524-2023-05-13|archivedate=27 September 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka Election Result 2023 Winners: Full list of victorious candidates">{{cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Karnataka Election Result 2023 Winners: Full list of victorious candidates |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-2023-result-bjp-congress-jds-candidates-winners-list-live-news-updates-11683786118237.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404112205/https://www.livemint.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-2023-result-bjp-congress-jds-candidates-winners-list-live-news-updates-11683786118237.html |archivedate=4 April 2025 |accessdate=4 April 2025 |work= |publisher=mint |language=en}}</ref> Nyamagouda got 49,145 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Jamkhandi Constituency Election Results: Assembly seat details, MLAs, candidates & more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/jamkhandi-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99690970.cms |access-date=2024-08-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In October 2023, members of Dalit Sangharsh Samiti staged a protest in Jamkhandi condemning the statement of Gudagunti, who allegedly gave a call to the backward communities to shun reservations. They demanded an apology from the local MLA.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-25 |title=DSS stages protest against BJP MLA for saying reservation should be done away with |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/dss-stages-protest-against-bjp-mla-for-saying-reservation-should-be-done-away-with/article67457813.ece |access-date=2025-05-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gudagunti, Jagadish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Bagalkot district]]

Singhia, Samastipur

2026-05-01T15:21:59Z

StevieBavin8727: Biography

{{Short description|Village in Bihar, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Singhia
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = Bihar#India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|50|28|N|86|09|38|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block|Block]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]]
| subdivision_name3 = Singhia
| government_type = [[Sarpanch]]
| area_total_km2 = 18.02
| elevation_m = 42
| population_total = 31952
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Common
| demographics1_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 848209
| area_code = 06274
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD code]]
| registration_plate = BR-33
}}

'''Singhia''' is a village in [[Samastipur District]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It is located on the northern edge of Samastipur District. As of 2011 census, it had 31,952 residents.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Population finder 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Singhia is located to the north of [[Bagmati River]], with the State Highway 88 running through the village. It has an average elevation of {{Convert|42|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singhia topographic map, elevation, terrain |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-67m6tf/Singhia/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Topographic maps |language=en}}</ref> The village occupies an area of 1802 hectares.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/308/download/882/DH_2011_1019_PART_A_DCHB_SAMASTIPUR.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 Bihar District Census Handbook Samastipur |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar |page=748 |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As per the [[2011 India census|2011 India Census]], the population of Singhia was 31,952. Males constituted 52.62% of the population and females 47.38%. Working population made up 29.33% of the population. Singhia had an average literacy rate of 42.5%, with 51.11% of the male inhabitants and 32.95% of the female inhabitants being literate.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Settlements in Samastipur district}}
[[Category:Villages in Samastipur district]]

Sheila Bhatia

2026-04-29T07:42:12Z

StevieBavin8727: Made

{{Short description |Indian poet and playwright(1916 - 2008)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sheila Bhatia
| image = Sheila bhatia pandit.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1 March 1916
| birth_place = Sialkot, British India
| death_date = 17 February 2008
| death_place = India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Poet, playwright, theatre personality
| yearsactive =
| known for = Punjabi opera
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] Punjabi Academy Param Sahit Sarkar Sanman Delhi Administration Award [[Ghalib]] Award Punjabi Arts Council Award DA Best Director Award Urdu Academy Award [[Kalidas Samman]] Param Sahit Sarkar Sanman
}}
'''Sheila Bhatia''' (1 March 1916 – 17 February 2008) was an Indian poet, playwright,<ref name="The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre">{{cite book | url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0078 | title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre | chapter=Bhatia, Sheila | publisher=Oxford University Press | editor=Ananda Lal | year=2004 | isbn=9780195644463}}</ref> theatre personality<ref name="Aesthetics of Indian Feminist Theatre">{{cite web | url=http://rupkatha.com/aesthetics-indian-feminist-theatre/#more-315 | title=Aesthetics of Indian Feminist Theatre | publisher=Rup Katha | date=2015 | access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="Women Writing in India: The twentieth century">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&q=Sheila+Bhatia&pg=PA79 | title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century | publisher=Feminist Press | author=Susie J. Tharu, Ke Lalita | year=1993 | pages=688 | isbn=9781558610293}}</ref> and the founder of the ''Delhi Art Theatre'', a forum based in Delhi for the promotion of [[Indian art]] forms.<ref name="Rich tributes paid to Sheila Bhatia">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/rich-tributes-paid-to-sheila-bhatia/article1207592.ece | title=Rich tributes paid to Sheila Bhatia | work=The Hindu | date=23 February 2008 | access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref> She is credited with originating Punjabi opera, an Indian form of dance drama incorporating operatic movements.<ref name="Shiela Bhatia – A legend of Indian Operas passes away">{{cite web | url=http://www.stagebuzz.info/2008/March/Sheila%20Bhatia%20Orbituary.htm | title=Shiela Bhatia – A legend of Indian Operas passes away | publisher=Stage Buzz | date=2008 | access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zo5os6d0rvMC&q=%22Delhi+Art+Theatre%22+sheila+bhatia&pg=PA40 | title=McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama | publisher=McGraw-Hill | author=Stanley Hochman | year=1984 | pages=2900 | isbn=9780070791695}}</ref><ref name="Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFlFhuVMFGQC&q=%22Delhi+Art+Theatre%22+sheila+bhatia&pg=PA382 | title=Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre | publisher=A&C Black | author=Colin Chambers | year=2006 | pages=896 | isbn=9781847140012}}</ref><ref name="Studies in Punjab History & Culture">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BBDAAAAYAAJ&q=punjabi+opera | title=Studies in Punjab History & Culture | publisher=Enkay Publishers | author=Gurcharan Singh | year=1990 | pages=281 | isbn=9788185148298}}</ref> She was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1971 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | date=2015 | access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref> A decade later, she received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for theatre direction in 1982<ref name="Sangeet Natak Akademi Award">{{cite web | url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#Theatre2004onwardsActing | title=Sangeet Natak Akademi Award | publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi | date=2015 | access-date=30 May 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#Theatre2004onwardsActing | archive-date=30 May 2015 }}</ref> followed by [[Kalidas Samman]] in 1997.<ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&q=%22Delhi+Art+Theatre%22+sheila+bhatia&pg=PA155 | title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | author=Kartik Chandra Dutt | year=1999 | pages=1490 | isbn=9788126008735}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Sheila Bhatia was born on 1 March 1916<ref name="Shiela Bhatia – A legend of Indian Operas passes away" /> in [[Sialkot]] in [[British India]], in present-day Pakistan.<ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M" /> After securing a BA degree, she graduated in education (BT) and started working as a teacher of mathematics in [[Lahore]], involving herself with the [[Indian freedom struggle]].<ref name="Rich tributes paid to Sheila Bhatia" />

== Career ==
After involving in Indian freedom struggle, she moved to Delhi where she founded the ''Delhi Art Theatre''.<ref name="Shiela Bhatia – A legend of Indian Operas passes away" /><ref name="Capital's cultural affair began in 50s">{{cite web |author=Manoj Sharma |date=16 November 2011 |title=Capital's cultural affair began in 50s |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/capital-s-cultural-affair-began-in-50s/article1-769751.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204425/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/capital-s-cultural-affair-began-in-50s/article1-769751.aspx |archive-date=30 May 2015 |access-date=30 May 2015 |publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She also worked with the [[National School of Drama]] as the head of the acting department.<ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M" />Bhatia's debut production was ''Call of the Valley'', a musical.<ref name="Rich tributes paid to Sheila Bhatia" /><ref name="Shiela Bhatia – A legend of Indian Operas passes away" /> That was followed by over 60 productions,<ref name="The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre" /> such as Heer Ranjha (1957), Dard Aayega Dabe Paon (1979), Sulgada Darya (1982), Omar Khayyam (1990), Naseeb (1997), Chann Badla Da, Loha Kutt,<ref name="Memoirs">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYstAAAAQBAJ&q=%22Delhi+Art+Theatre%22+sheila+bhatia&pg=PT380 | title=Memoirs | publisher=Penguin | author=Habib Tanvir | year=2014 | pages=400 | isbn=9789351182023}}</ref> Ghalib Kaun tha and Nadir Shah in Punabi and Qissa yeh aurat ka (1972), Hawa se hippy tak (1972), and Yeh ishq nahin asan (1980) in [[Urdu]].<ref name="Shiela Bhatia – A legend of Indian Operas passes away" /><ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M" /><ref name="Capital's cultural affair began in 50s" /> A follower of [[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]],<ref name="India, whose love could have killed him">{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/605949/india-whose-love-could-have-killed-him | title=India, whose love could have killed him | publisher=Dawn | date=13 February 2011 | access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Volume 2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&q=%22Delhi+Art+Theatre%22+sheila+bhatia&pg=PA1098 | title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Volume 2 | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | author=Amaresh Datta | year=1988 | pages=987 | isbn=9788126011940}}</ref> Bhatia also has 10 publications to her credit including the poetry anthology, Parlo Da Jhakkarh (1950).<ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M" />

== Awards ==
The [[Government of India]] awarded her the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1971.<ref name="Padma Shri" /> She received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for best direction in 1982.<ref name="Sangeet Natak Akademi Award" /> The next year, she was awarded the Ghalib Award (1983) followed by Punjabi Arts Council award.<ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M" /> She received the best director award from the Delhi Administration in 1986 and the [[Kalidas Samman]] in 1997.<ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M" /> She was also a recipient of Urdu Academy Award<ref name="Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M" /> and the ''Param Sahit Sarkar Sanman'' by the Punjabi Academy (2000).<ref name="Academy award for Harkishan Singh">{{cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000518/nation.htm | title=Academy award for Harkishan Singh | work=The Tribune | date=18 May 2000 | access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref>

== Death ==
Sheila Bhatia died on 17 February 2008 at the age of 91.<ref name="Shiela Bhatia – A legend of Indian Operas passes away" />

==See also==
{{portal|India}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[National School of Drama]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century | publisher=Feminist Press | author=Susie J. Tharu, Ke Lalita | year=1993 | pages=688 | isbn=9781558610293}}
* {{cite book | title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre | publisher=Oxford University Press | editor=Ananda Lal | year=2004 | isbn=9780195644463}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatia, Sheila}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Sialkot]]
[[Category:Indian women dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Indian theatre managers and producers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian women theatre directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Poets from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Women writers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

Kargil War order of battle

2026-04-28T06:11:57Z

StevieBavin8727: done - done

{{Short description|Organization of the Indian Army during the Kargil War}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
[[File:Kargil.map.gif|thumb|290px|[[United States Navy|US Navy]] map of Kargil, 2008.]]

The '''Kargil War order of battle''' ([[Reporting name|KWORBAT]]), is a deposition and systematic combatant structure of the [[Indian Army]] troops and the unified [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] combat commands, active in the [[Kargil district|Kargil]] region in 1999, during the [[Kargil War]]. The Indian Army orbat is based on the publications provided by the Indian military authors, news media and official sources.

==India==
Indian Army infantry battalions were often transferred between brigade commands during the war, so sometimes appear under multiple brigades.
===Indian Army===
'''Northern Command''' (Lt Gen H. M. Khanna)
*[[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]] (Lt Gen Kishan Pal)
*XV Corps Artillery Brigade (Brig Lakhwinder Singh)
*HQ [[8th Infantry Division (India)|8 Mountain Division]] (Maj Gen Mohinder Puri)
''Divisional Brigades''
*8 Mountain Artillery Brigade
*56 Mountain Brigade (Brig A.N. Aul)
**1st Battalion, [[Naga Regiment]]
**2nd Battalion, [[5th Gorkha Rifles]]
**2nd Battalion, [[Rajputana Rifles]]
**3rd Battalion, [[Rajputana Rifles]]
**18th Battalion, [[Garhwal Rifles]]
**13th Battalion, [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]]
**1st Battalion, [[3rd Gorkha Rifles]]
**9th Battalion, [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]] [[Special Forces]]
**ATGM Detachment, 17th Battalion, [[Brigade of the Guards]]
*192 Mountain Brigade
**18th Battalion, [[The Grenadiers]]
**8th Battalion, [[Sikh Regiment]]
**9th Battalion, [[Para (Special Forces)]]
**[[ATGM ]]Detachment, 17th Battalion, [[Brigade of the Guards]]
''Additional brigades''
*121 (Independent) Infantry Brigade
**16th Battalion, [[The Grenadiers]]
**4th Battalion, [[Jat Regiment]]
**3rd Battalion, [[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]
**10th Battalion, [[Garhwal Rifles]]
**8th Battalion, [[Border Security Force]]
**[[ATGM]] Detachment, 17th Battalion, [[Brigade of the Guards]]
*[[50th Parachute Brigade (India)|50 (Independent) Parachute Brigade]]
**6th Battalion, [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]]
**7th Battalion, [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]]
**1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment ([[Para (Special Forces)|Special Forces]])
**[[ATGM ]]Detachment, 19th Battalion, [[Brigade of the Guards]]
*79 Mountain Brigade (XV Corps reserve)
**17th Battalion, [[Jat Regiment]]
**28th Battalion, [[Rashtriya Rifles]]
**12th Battalion, [[Mahar Regiment]]
**2nd Battalion, [[Naga Regiment]]
'''3rd Infantry Division'''
*2 Engineer Regiment
*3 Artillery Brigade
*70 Infantry Brigade
**1st Battalion, [[11th Gorkha Rifles]]
**12th Battalion, [[Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry]]
**10th Battalion, Parachute Regiment ([[Special Forces]])
**1st Battalion, [[Bihar Regiment]]
**[[Ladakh Scouts]]
**17th Battalion, [[Garhwal Rifles]]
**5th Battalion, [[Parachute Regiment (India)|Parachute Regiment]]
**14th Battalion, [[Sikh Regiment]]
**ATGM Detachment, 19th Battalion, [[Brigade of the Guards]]
*102 (Independent) Infantry Brigade
**11th Battalion, [[Rajputana Rifles]]
**9th Battalion, [[Mahar Regiment]]
**13th Battalion, [[Kumaon Regiment]]
**27th Battalion, [[Rajput Regiment]]
**[[High Altitude Warfare School]] Permanent Cadre Detachment
**ATGM Detachment, 19th Battalion, [[Brigade of the Guards]]

'''Kargil Theatre Artillery''' 
These units took part in the war serving under various formations:<ref name="Mukherjee">{{cite web |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/203255/6/chapter%204.pdf|title=Anjan Mukherjee in Evolution of Indian Artillery and its Impact on India's Comprehensive Military Power, chapter III|access-date=2022-02-28}}</ref>
*4 Field Regiment (now 4 Medium Regiment (Self Propelled))
*[[15 Medium Regiment (India)|15 Field Regiment (now 15 Medium Regiment)]]
*[[41 Field Regiment (India)|41 Field Regiment]]
*108 Medium Regiment (now 108 Field Regiment)
*114 Medium Regiment
*139 Medium Regiment
*141 Field Regiment (now 141 Medium Regiment)
*[[153 Medium Regiment (India)|153 Medium Regiment]] (now 153 Medium Regiment (Self Propelled))
*158 Medium Regiment (Self Propelled)
*197 Field Regiment (now 197 Medium Regiment)
*212 Rocket Regiment
*831 Light regiment
*244 Heavy Mortar Regiment (now 244 Field Regiment)
*253 Medium Regiment
*255 Field Regiment (now 255 Medium Regiment)
*[[286 Field Regiment (India)|286 Medium Regiment (now 286 Field Regiment)]]
*305 Medium Regiment (now 305 Field Regiment)
*307 Medium Regiment
*315 Field Regiment
*1861 Light Regiment
*[[1889 Missile Regiment (India)|1889 Light Regiment (now 1889 Missile Regiment)]]

'''Other battalions'''<ref>This list is compiled from newspaper and casualty reports.</ref>
**5th Battalion, [[Special Frontier Force]]
**663 Reconnaissance & Observation Squadron
**668 Reconnaissance & Observation Squadron
**13th Battalion, [[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]]
**12th Battalion, [[The Grenadiers]]
**22nd Battalion, [[The Grenadiers]]
**7th Battalion, [[Jat Regiment]]
**14th Battalion, [[Sikh Light Infantry]]
**9th Battalion, [[Rashtriya Rifles]]
**14th Battalion, [[Rashtriya Rifles]]
**17th Battalion, [[Rashtriya Rifles]]
**11th Battalion, [[Sikh Regiment]]
**3rd Battalion, [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]]
**16th Battalion, [[Dogra Regiment]]
**5th Battalion, [[Rajput Regiment]]
**9th Battalion, [[Mahar Regiment]]
**21st Battalion, Parachute Regiment (Special Forces)

===Indian Air Force===
Apart from the involvement of the Indian Army, the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) also participated in the Kargil War as part of [[Operation Safed Sagar]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+IAF Order of Battle <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last= |date=2009-10-15 |title=Order of Battle and Unit Honours |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/iaf/history/kargil/orbat/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Indian Air Force |language=en-US}}</ref>
!Squadron number
!Squadron Name
!Equipment
!Commanding Officer
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" |'''Combat Aircraft'''
|-
|[[No. 1 Squadron IAF]]
|''Tigers''
|Mirage 2000H
|Wing commander [[Sunderraman Neelakantan|S. Neelakanthan]]
|-
|[[No. 7 Squadron IAF]]
|''Battle Axes''
|Mirage 2000H
|Wing commander Sandeep Chabbra
|-
|[[No. 9 Squadron IAF]]
|''Wolfpack''
|MiG-27ML
|Wing commander Avtar Singh
|-
|[[No. 14 Squadron IAF]]
|''Bulls''
|SEPECAT Jaguar IS/IB
|Wing commander Ashwani Bhakoo
|-
|[[No. 17 Squadron IAF]]
|''Golden Arrows''
|MiG-21M
|Wing commander [[Birender Singh Dhanoa|BS Dhanoa]]
|-
|[[No. 27 Squadron IAF]]
|''Flaming Arrows''
|SEPECAT Jaguar IS
|Wing commander HKJS Shokay
|-
|[[No. 28 Squadron IAF]]
|''First Supersonics''
|MiG-29B
|Wing commander PM Cherian
Wing commander P Randhava
|-
|[[No. 51 Squadron IAF]]
|''Sword Arms''
|MiG-21 bis
|Wing commander NK Tandon
|-
|[[No. 102 Squadron IAF]]
|''Trisonics''
|MiG-25R
|Group Captain SP Ojha
|-
|[[No. 106 Squadron IAF]]
|''Lynxes''
|Canberra PR.57
|Group Captain RS Chaudhari
|-
|[[No. 108 Squadron IAF]]
|''Hawkeyes''
|MiG-21M
|Wing commander HS Jalliawala
|-
|[[No. 221 Squadron IAF]]
|''Valiants''
|MiG-23 BN
|Wing commander Ashit Mehta
|-
|[[No. 223 Squadron IAF]]
|''Tridents''
|MiG-29B
|Wing commander Sandeep Sud
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" |'''Transport aircraft'''
|-
|[[No. 25 Squadron IAF]]
|''Himalayan Eagles''
|An-32 / Il-76
|Group Captain SP Singh
|-
|[[No. 48 Squadron IAF]]
|''Camels''
|An-32
|Group Captain Mk Devnath
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" |'''Helicopter Units'''
|-
|[[No. 114 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 114 Helicopter Unit IAF]]
|''Siachen Pioneers''
|HAL Cheetah
|Wing commander AS Butola
|-
|[[No. 129 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 129 Helicopter Unit IAF]]
|''Nubra Warriors''
|Mil Mi-17
|Wing commander AK Sinha
|-
|[[No. 152 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 152 Helicopter Unit IAF]]
|''Mighty Armours''
|Mil Mi-17
|Wing commander S Mittal
|-
|[[No. 130 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 130 Helicopter Unit IAF]]
|''Condors''
|Mil Mi-8
|
|-
|No. 132 FAC Flight IAF
|
|HAL Cheetah
|Wing commander OS Ahluwalia
|}
In addition, the IAF also deployed three observation flights, five radar units, three units of [[S-125 Neva/Pechora|Pechora]] SAM's as well as a large battery of [[9K33 Osa|Osa]] and [[9K38 Igla|Igla]] units.<ref name=":7" />

=== Indian Navy ===
As a part of [[Operation Talwar]], The [[Indian Navy]] deployed a flotilla under the light carrier [[INS Viraat]] to the Arabian Sea.

==Pakistan==
Initially, the Kargil order of battle was planned by the Directorate-General for Military Operations (DGMO), Brig. Gen. Nadeem Ahmed. However, after the IAF strike and Indian advancement in the region, the [[Pakistan Air Force]] and the [[Pakistan Navy|Navy]] deployed and issued orders to their combat forces. Their missions were to conduct surveillance and air patrolling; no other combat units of PAF and Navy participated in the combat. The inter-services order of battle is mentioned in the table. According to the Pakistan news channels reports and military declassified information, the Kargil infiltration was comprehensively planned by the joint officers at the [[Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan)|Joint staff Headquarters]], a joint office secretariat which then-served under General [[Pervez Musharraf]].

From the start of the conflict, there were numerous inter-services meetings coordinated by the chairman joint chiefs, to Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]]. The controversy still surrounds in the military science circle of the Pakistan armed forces, with chief of naval staff and chief of air staff including key theatre commanders of army combatant corps, bringing up the accusations that the Kargil front was launched without their knowledge or confidence.

===Pakistan Army===
* [[Northern Light Infantry#Units|5th Battalion, Northern Light Infantry Regiment]]
* [[Northern Light Infantry#Units|6th Battalion, Northern Light Infantry Regiment]]
* [[Northern Light Infantry#Units|12th Battalion, Northern Light Infantry Regiment]]<ref name="en.wikipedia.org">[[Nishan i Haider]]</ref>
* [[Northern Light Infantry#Units|13th Battalion, Northern Light Infantry Regiment]]
* [[Sindh Regiment#Units|24th Battalion, Sindh Regiment]]<ref>In the [[Force Command Northern Areas|FCNA]] region from October 1998 onwards</ref>
* [[Sindh Regiment#Units|27th Battalion, Sindh Regiment]]

===Pakistan Air Force===
* ''Note'': No PAF F-16s took active participation in the conflict. All PAF missions were to conduct [[combat air patrol]]s in the area.
**[[List of Pakistan Air Force Bases|No. 38 Multirole Group]]
**[[No. 9 Squadron Griffins|No. 9 Squadron ''Griffins'']] and [[No. 11 Squadron Arrows|No. 11 Squadron ''Arrows'']].
****The [[F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]s belonging to [[No. 9 Squadron Griffins|''Griffins'']] [[No. 11 Squadron Arrows|''Arrows'']] were deployed in the region.<ref name="General F-16 News">{{cite web|last=Lieven Dewitte|title=PAF F-16s deployed in Skardu|url=http://www.f-16.net/news_article602.html|work=July 3, 1999|publisher=General F-16 News|accessdate=7 February 2013|archive-date=28 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128084721/http://www.f-16.net/news_article602.html|url-status=live}}</ref> No F-16s took active participation in the conflict.<ref name="PAF operations">{{cite web|title=Kargil Conflict and Pakistan Air Force|date=28 January 2009 |url=https://kaiser-aeronaut.blogspot.com/2009/01/kargil-conflict-and-pakistan-air-force.html|publisher=PAF operations|accessdate=7 February 2013|archive-date=8 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708044739/http://kaiser-aeronaut.blogspot.com/2009/01/kargil-conflict-and-pakistan-air-force.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Pakistan Navy===
*''Note'': No Navy units took active participation. The Navy was on high-alert but strictly ordered by Admiral Bokhari not to escalate the crises into sea. Although, Navy had its own significance in the Kargil theatre, but no crucial operations and efforts were applied or undertaken by Navy to support the army. According to the chief of naval staff, General [[Pervez Musharraf]], as chairman joint chiefs, had failed to take navy into confidence prior to the start of the conflict.
**[[Pakistan Navy|Pakistan Navy Commander Karachi]]<ref name="GLobal war">{{cite web|title=Navy in Kargil war|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm|publisher=GLobal war|accessdate=7 February 2013|archive-date=17 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817042758/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]]
***The Pakistan Navy, in a defensive mood, directed all its units to keep clear of Indian naval ships. As the exercise shifted closer to the Makaran Coast, Pakistan moved all its major combatants out of Karachi. The Navy remained on high-alert, although orders were not to escalate the crises to sea. The Navy launched surveillance operations; Karachi port remained on high-alert.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hiranandani|first=G.M.|title=Transition to guardianship : the Indian navy 1991–2000|year=2009|publisher=Published by Principal Director of Administration, Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy) [in association with] Lancer Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-1-935501-26-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9VEoqA24BIC&q=Pakistan+Navy+in+kargil&pg=PA67|access-date=28 November 2020|archive-date=17 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017172739/https://books.google.com/books?id=q9VEoqA24BIC&q=Pakistan+Navy+in+kargil&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
27 Sind

==Sources==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070704044414/http://www.ordersofbattle.darkscape.net/site/history/index.html Indian Army – Kargil War 1999 v.2.0 8 March 2006] Mandeep S. Bajwa & Ravi Rikhye
* [http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/KargilRCA.html Kargil Committee Report Executive Summary]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kargil Order Of Battle}}
[[Category:Kargil War]]
[[Category:Pakistan Air Force]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army]]
[[Category:Naval operations involving Pakistan]]
[[Category:Nawaz Sharif administration]]
[[Category:1999 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Controversies in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Government of Pakistan secrecy]]
[[Category:Orders of battle]]

List of Scheduled Castes in Uttarakhand

2026-04-27T14:33:53Z

StevieBavin8727: done!

{{Short description|none}}

There are 65 [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] in the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Scan-0025.jpg|title=List of Scheduled Castes in Uttarakhand}}</ref> with a population of {{formatnum:1892516}}, constituting 18.76% of the state's population according to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Uttarakhand - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42886 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250211130145/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42886 |archive-date=2025-02-11 |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

==List of Scheduled Castes==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
!S.No.
!Caste
!Population
|-
|1.
|[[Agaria]]
|3,239
|-
|2.
|[[Badhik]]
|313
|-
|3.
|[[Badi (caste)|Badi]]
|2,147
|-
|4.
|[[Baheliya]]
|3,539
|-
|5.
|[[Baiga]]
|179
|-
|6.
|[[Baiswar]]
|127
|-
|7.
|[[Bajaniya]]
|371
|-
|8.
|[[Bajgi]]
|23,732
|-
|9.
|[[Balhar]]
|79
|-
|10.
|[[Balai]]
|733
|-
|11.
|[[Valmiki caste|Balmiki]]
|1,12,383
|-
|12.
|[[Bangali (caste)|Bangali]]
|22,015
|-
|13.
|[[Banmanus]]
|11
|-
|14.
|[[Bansphor]]
|653
|-
|15.
|[[Barwar (caste)|Barwar]]
|462
|-
|16.
|[[Basor]]
|177
|-
|17.
|[[Bawariya]]
|81
|-
|18.
|[[Beldar]]
|519
|-
|19.
|[[Bedia (caste)|Beriya]]
|149
|-
|20.
|[[Bhantu]]
|32
|-
|21.
|[[Bhuiya]]
|1,921
|-
|22.
|[[Bhuiyar]]
|4,796
|-
|23.
|[[Boria (caste)|Boria]]
|60
|-
|24.
|[[Chamar]], [[Dhusia]], [[Jhusia]], [[Jatav]]
|5,48,813
|-
|25.
|[[Chero]]
|40
|-
|26.
|[[Dabgar]]
|36
|-
|27.
|[[Dhangar]]
|1,240
|-
|28.
|[[Dhanuk]]
|1,486
|-
|29.
|[[Dharkar]]
|216
|-
|30.
|[[Dhobi]]
|18,300
|-
|31.
|[[Doma (caste)|Dom]]
|30,140
|-
|32.
|[[Domar (caste)|Domar]]
|155
|-
|33.
|[[Dusadh]]
|2,759
|-
|34.
|[[Gharami]]
|171
|-
|35.
|[[Ghasiya]]
|418
|-
|36.
|[[Gondi people|Gond]]
|3,143
|-
|37.
|[[Gual (caste)|Gual]]
|1,128
|-
|38.
|[[Habura (caste)|Habura]]
|866
|-
|39.
|[[Hari (caste)|Hari]]
|340
|-
|40.
|[[Hela (caste)|Hela]]
|5
|-
|41.
|[[Kalabaz]]
|339
|-
|42.
|[[Kanjar]]
|4,689
|-
|43.
|[[Kapariya]]
|189
|-
|44.
|[[Karwal]]
|222
|-
|45.
|[[Khairaha]]
|246
|-
|46.
|[[Kharwar]] (excluding Banvansi)
|1,088
|-
|47.
|[[Khatik]]
|8,382
|-
|48.
|[[Kharot]]
|187
|-
|49.
|[[Kol people|Kol]]
|11,977
|-
|50.
|[[Kori (caste)|Kori]]
|40,245
|-
|51.
|[[Korwa people|Korwa]]
|100
|-
|52.
|[[Lalbegi]]
|28
|-
|53.
|[[Majhwar]]
|827
|-
|54.
|[[Mazhabi Sikh|Mazhabi]]
|6,038
|-
|55.
|[[Musahar]]
|718
|-
|56.
|[[Nat (caste)|Nat]]
|1,177
|-
|57.
|[[Panika|Pankha]]
|38
|-
|58.
|[[Parahiya]]
|56
|-
|59.
|[[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]], [[Tarmali]]
|19,432
|-
|60.
|[[Patari]]
|300
|-
|61.
|[[Sahariya (caste)|Sahariya]]
|88
|-
|62.
|[[Sanaurhiya]]
|502
|-
|63.
|[[Sansi people|Sansiya]]
|1,412
|-
|64.
|[[Shilpkar]]
|9,29,267
|-
|65.
|[[Turahiya]]
|4,411
|-
| colspan="2" |Generic Castes, etc.
|73,594
|}
==See also==
* [[List of Scheduled Tribes in Uttarakhand]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
[https://socialwelfare.uk.gov.in Department of Social Welfare, Government of Uttarakhand]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Lists of Scheduled Castes by state]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand-related lists]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttarakhand]]

P. K. Mookiah Thevar

2026-04-24T13:16:06Z

StevieBavin8727: started new pg

{{short description|Indian politician (1923-1979)}}
{{one source|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. K. Mookaiah Thevar
| birth_name = Pappapatti Kattamuthu Ocha Thevar
| birth_date = 4 April 1923
| birth_place = Pappapatti, Usilampatti, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Madras State Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Periyakulam Assembly constituency|Periyakulam]]
| term_start = 1952
| term_end = 57
| constituency1 = [[Usilampatti Assembly constituency|Usilampatti]]
| term1 = 1957-1977
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1979|9|6|1923|4|4}}
| party = [[All India Forward Bloc]]
}}
'''P. K. Mookiah Thevar''' (1923–1979) was an Indian politician.

== Early life ==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2012}}
He was born to Kattamuthu Ocha Thevar and Sevenamal on 4 April 1923 in [[Pappapatti]] village, near [[Usilampatti]], [[Madurai]] district, India. He participated in many activities as a student leader. Later, he formed the [[Kallar (caste)|Kallar]] educational trust and took several steps designed for the upliftment of all backward classes community in southern [[Tamil Nadu]].He worked for the upliftment of downtrodden people and the vulnerable groups

== Political career ==

Later, he joined [[Forward Bloc]], an Indian National Political Party, formed by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], under the guidance of [[Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar]].{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}

He was elected for the [[Periakulam]] Assembly constituency in 1952–57 as a Forward Bloc candidate. He also served as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in [[Usilampatti]] for four terms (1957–62, 1962–67, 1967–71, 1977–79).

In 1971 he matched the achievement of [[U. Muthuramalinga Thevar]] in winning both [[Usilampatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Assembly]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 March 2012 |archive-date=6 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parliament]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 March 2012 |archive-date=7 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007032449/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> elections simultaneously. His parliamentary constituency was that of [[Ramanathapuram]] district and his period of office as an MP ran from 1971 to 1977.

== Electoral records ==
He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] from [[Usilampatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Usilampatti constituency]] as an Independent candidate in [[1957 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1957 election]], and as a [[Forward Bloc]] candidate in [[1962 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1962]], [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967]], [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]] and [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977 elections]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf 1957 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410002118/http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |date=10 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf 1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410002150/http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |date=10 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410004729/http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |date=10 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf 1977 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mookiah, Thevar P. K}}
[[Category:All India Forward Bloc politicians]]
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Madurai district]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Madras MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1971–1976]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1977–1980]]

Si3 (film)

2026-04-23T01:57:43Z

StevieBavin8727: Made

{{short description|2017 film directed by Hari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Si3 film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Hari (director)|Hari]]
| writer = Hari
| producer = [[KE Gnanavel Raja|K. E. Gnanavel Raja]] Dhaval Jayantilal Gada
| starring = [[Suriya]] [[Anushka Shetty]] [[Shruti Haasan]] [[Thakur Anoop Singh]]
| cinematography = [[Priyan]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| music = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| studio = [[Studio Green]] [[Pen India Limited|Pen Movies]] Aadnah Arts
| distributor = [[Pen India Limited]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|02|09|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2017 |title=Si3 to have many English punch dialogues! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/si3-to-have-many-english-punch-dialogues-news-tamil-rcbkJvfhjcabg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201125858/http://www.sify.com/movies/si3-to-have-many-english-punch-dialogues-news-tamil-rcbkJvfhjcabg.html |archive-date=1 February 2017 |access-date=1 February 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| gross = {{INR}}110 crore<ref name="box">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2017 |title=Suriya's Singam 3 ends opening first week in style, emerges top Tamil grosser of 2017 |url=https://www.inuth.com/entertainment/tamil-movies/suriya-singam-3-ends-opening-first-week-in-style-emerges-top-tamil-grosser-of-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612082725/https://www.inuth.com/entertainment/tamil-movies/suriya-singam-3-ends-opening-first-week-in-style-emerges-top-tamil-grosser-of-2017/ |archive-date=12 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=inuth.com |publisher=[[The Indian Express|The Indian Express Group]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Si3''''' (short for '''''Singam 3''''', {{Translation|Lion 3}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=S3: Singam 3 |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/s3-singam-3-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mzq0mzu |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241022091035/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/s3-singam-3-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mzq0mzu |archive-date=22 October 2024 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=[[BBFC]] |language=en}}</ref> written and directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]]. Produced by [[Studio Green]] and Aadnah Arts, and distributed by [[Pen Studios]], it is a sequel to [[Singam II|''Singam II'']] (2013) and the third and final instalment in the [[Singam (film series)|''Singam'' film series]]. The film stars [[Suriya]] reprising his role as S. Duraisingam, alongside [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Shruti Haasan]], [[Thakur Anoop Singh]], [[Robo Shankar]], [[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar]], [[Sarath Babu]] and [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]. In the film, [[deputy commissioner]] in [[Visakhapatnam]] battles against a criminal operation dealing in deadly toxic waste.

The film was officially announced in October 2014 under the initial official title ''S3'', the short-term for ''Singam 3;'' however, it was later changed to ''Si3'' to exploit the Tamil Nadu Government's rule of entertainment tax exemption for films titled in Tamil. [[Principal photography]] commenced in January 2016 and ended that October. It was shot for the most part in Visakhapatnam. [[Devi Sri Prasad]] who is supposed to compose the film's music was replaced by [[Harris Jayaraj]], cinematography was handled by [[Priyan]] and editing by [[V. T. Vijayan]].

''Si3'' was released on 9 February 2017 to mixed reviews from critics and grossed ₹110 crore at the box office. The film was remade in Hindi with partial similarities with the screenplay as ''[[Romeo S3]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/30-years-shah-rukh-khans-deewana-exclusive-manmohan-desai-ji-distributor-film-delhi-territory-told-us-change-ending-insisted-ladki-rishi/|title=30 Years Of Shah Rukh Khan’s Deewana EXCLUSIVE: “Manmohan Desai ji was the distributor of the film in the Delhi-UP territory. He had told us to change the ending. He insisted that ‘ladki Rishi Kapoor ko milni chahiye’ – Guddu Dhanoa|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|first=Fenil|last=Seta|access-date=18 July 2025|archive-date=20 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720154239/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/30-years-shah-rukh-khans-deewana-exclusive-manmohan-desai-ji-distributor-film-delhi-territory-told-us-change-ending-insisted-ladki-rishi/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
A debate occurs within an [[Andhra Pradesh]] state assembly about the long pending murder case of [[Visakhapatnam]] [[Police Commissioner|city commissioner]] Ramakrishna. The [[Home Minister]] of Andhra Pradesh proposes recruiting Singam from [[Tamil Nadu]] to Vizag as the new [[Deputy Commissioner of Police (India)|DCP]], by order under the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]]. As Singam arrives in Vizag station, he fends off an attack from goon Ravi, who works for Vizag's most influential and powerful don Madhusudhana Reddy. Singam starts to pretend to be a corrupt cop and secretly investigates the murder of commissioner.

Singam is followed by Vidya, a journalist in guise of a student hoping to write a story on Singam. Singam had previously kept his marital status a secret to protect his wife, but after curiosity from constable Veeram, he lies and closes it as a divorce, revealing the truth only to Inspector Subba Rao. After briefly confronting Bheemli Selvam, Reddy's man who ordered the attack at the train station, Singam finds that a constable at the station has gotten sick from consuming an expired medicine tablet. With help from a paroled hacker named Murali, Singam tracks Mallaiya who drove Ramakrishna to Vizag harbour on the night of the murder. A local [[schoolteacher]] informs Singam that a toxic smoke attack from the nearby dump killed his 32 students, including his grandchildren.

Singam realizes that Ramakrishna intended to expose illegal dumping of mediwaste and [[electronic waste]], which included recycled tablets being sold to the public and the smoke attack on the school. The garbage is being imported by Vizag Scraps owner Rajeev Krishna in exchange for free metal scrap delivery to steel companies in [[Australia]]. Mallaiya confirms that Reddy, who authorizes this business in India killed Ramakrishna to prevent him from thwarting his operation. Reddy and Rajeev's activities are supervised by wealthy, powerful and corrupt current [[Commerce minister|Commercial Minister]] of [[Australia]] and businessman Vittal Prasad, who receives full support from his father, [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]] Ram Prasad.

Meanwhile, Vidya writes an article on Singam claiming that he exported Reddy for personal gain and that he is corrupt, putting Singam's reputation at edge. As a result, Singam has Vidya arrested and fined for discrediting him. Singam begins to eliminate and arrest criminals all over the city, including Selvam whom he guns down. Later, Singam heads to Vizag harbour to obtain evidence from Reddy's containers, but is attacked by his men while Ravi murders the school teacher. Vittal calls Singam anonymously and threatens to use his influence to kill Singam's family if he doesn't stand down. The next day, Singam chases down Ravi and arrests Reddy. He pays a personal visit to Vittal in Australia from looking into Reddy's contacts, and confirms that he is the one behind the illegal dumping.

Singam narrowly escapes Vittal and returns to India, where he finds that Reddy has been bailed by three criminals, who framed the commissioner for supposed assault on one of their wives, and justify the murder as vengeance. Singam is also fired from the CBI for speaking out of turn, but has the Home minister transfers him as an officer in Vizag to continue pursuing Reddy's men. Singam exposes the garbage containers to the public, forcing Vittal to arrive at Vizag. When Vittal warns him again to stay out of his way, Singam responds by having Subbu Rao kill Reddy, whom previously killed his 9-year-old son in a city riot to defend Ram Prasad's position. Singam brings Vittal to his station and gives him another chance to repent. Singam and Kavya later visit Thoothukudi to attend Kavya's grandmother's funeral. They are followed by Rajeev, who is arrested. When Vidya attempts to interview Vittal, she is captured and drugged. With help from Murali, Singam rescues Vidya, but is targeted by Vittal's men who bombs the police station.

Singam decides to finish this once and for all and gets an arrest warrant for Vittal using computer evidence of agreements signed with medical companies, hacked by Murali. The next day, Singam pursues Vittal all the way to [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad Airport]] in [[Telangana]] and has him arrested. Vittal escapes the police custody and runs into a nearby forest, where Singam catches him and fights with him. After a long fight, Vittal dies there encounterd by Singam. Singam regains his post and respect while Ram Prasad is removed from cabinet position for assisting his son. Kavya is revealed to be 6 months pregnant and Vidya severs contact with Singam after getting engaged to a good prospect. Singam receives a call from [[#Tamil Nadu Home minister|Home Minister]] Ramanathan, who calls him for another mission.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Suriya]] as [[Duraisingam (fictional character)|S. Duraisingam]], [[Deputy Commissioner of Police#India|Deputy Commissioner of Police]] in [[Visakhapatnam]]
* [[Anushka Shetty]] as Kavya Duraisingam, Singam's wife
* [[Shruti Haasan]] as Vidya/Agni{{efn|Shruti Haasan played a character with two names.}}
* [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] as Vittal Prasad, an [[Australians|Australian]] bureaucrat
* [[Robo Shankar]] as [[Inspector of Police|Inspector]] Subba Rao
* [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as [[Constable]] Veera Babu
* [[Krish (singer)|Krish]] as [[Inspector of Police|Inspector]] V. Sreenivas
*[[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Ramakrishna's wife
* [[Sarath Babu]] as K. Sathyanarayana Reddy, Home Minister of Andhra Pradesh
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Ramanathan, Home Minister of Tamil Nadu
* [[Sharat Saxena]] as Madhusudhana 'M. S.' Reddy
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]] [[Inspector General of Police#India|City Police Commissioner]] Ramakrishna [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Central Aviation Minister Ram Prasad, Vittal's father
* [[Nithin Sathya]] as Murali
* [[Radha Ravi]] as Soundara Pandi, Singam's father
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Mahalingam, Kavya's father
* [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Kalyani, Singam's mother
* [[Janaki Sabesh]] as Bharathi, Kavya's mother
* [[Yuvarani]] as Dhanalakshmi, Singam's sister
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Kavya's grandmother
* [[Delhi Kumar]] as Kavya's grandfather
* [[Imman Annachi]] as Pushparaj
* [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Harbour Shanmugam
* [[Joe Malloori]] as Government school teacher
* [[Prem (actor)|Prem]] as Ananda Rao, a customs officer
* [[Sarayu (actress)|Sarayu]] as Ananda's wife
* [[Sandra Amy]] as Aarthi
* Ilavarasan as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police#India|ACP]] Krishnaraj [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Jeeva Ravi]] as Mallaya, ACP Krishnaraj's driver
* [[Mohan Raman]] as Judge
* [[Chaams]] as G. Sathyan
* [[Crane Manohar]] as Palani, Kavya's houseworker
* [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Thandubazaar Thangam
* [[Bonda Mani]] as Thandubazaar Thangam's assistant
* [[Muthukaalai]]
* [[Cool Suresh]] as Divorcee
* [[Saran Shakthi]] as Tea Seller boy
* Boys Rajan as Andhra Today Editor
* [[Bava Lakshmanan]] as School Teacher
* Aathma Patrick
* [[TSR Srinivasan]]
* M. Kamaraj
* [[Nitu Chandra]] as a [[bar dancer]], special appearance
* [[Hansika Motwani]] as Sathya (uncredited, archive footage from ''[[Singam II]]'')
* [[Danny Sapani]] as Danny a.k.a. Michael Kong (uncredited, archive footage from ''Singam II'')
}}

==Production==
Following the commercial success of ''[[Singam 2]]'', [[Hari (director)|Hari]] was keen to collaborate with [[Suriya]] for another action film with a fresh script away from the ''[[Singam]]'' franchise, and agreed terms in principle with the actor in October 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Not sure if next film with Suriya is Singam 3: Director Hari |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/not-sure-if-next-film-with-suriya-is-singam-3-director-hari/article6505845.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105123327/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/not-sure-if-next-film-with-suriya-is-singam-3-director-hari/article6505845.ece |archive-date=5 January 2018 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Singam' franchise a milestone in my career: Suriya |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/singam-franchise-a-milestone-in-my-career-suriya/articleshow/57053638.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211160945/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/singam-franchise-a-milestone-in-my-career-suriya/articleshow/57053638.cms |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=2017-03-11 |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Hari revealed that as a result of pressure from those around him, he later developed the one-line story from the film into a script for a third part of ''Singam''. While the first film was primarily shot within [[Tamil Nadu]] and the second featured a few scenes in [[South Africa]], Hari stated that the third part would be more "international" and would be set in three countries as the protagonist tackles a global issue.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-10 |title=Suriya's 'Singam 3' to be shot across four countries |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriyas-singam-3-to-be-shot-across-four-countries/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621122903/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriyas-singam-3-to-be-shot-across-four-countries/ |archive-date=21 June 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-21 |title=In one hell of a Hari |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/In-one-hell-of-a-Hari/article17073987.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201120300/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/In-one-hell-of-a-Hari/article17073987.ece |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

While most of the cast was retained from the earlier films, Initially [[Akshara Hasan]] was considered for the second female lead but she opted out the film then [[Shruti Haasan]] was added to the team in July 2015 to portray another leading female role, while [[Anirudh Ravichander]] was signed as the music composer replacing [[Devi Sri Prasad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-10 |title=Exclusive: Director Hari reveals Suriya's 'Singam 3' will take off from where 'Singam 2' ends |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-exclusive-director-hari-reveals-suriya-s-singam-3-will-take-off-from-where-singam-2-ends-2123912 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102101545/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-exclusive-director-hari-reveals-suriya-s-singam-3-will-take-off-from-where-singam-2-ends-2123912 |archive-date=2 November 2016 |access-date=2017-01-27 |website=Dnaindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-06-19 |title=Suriya, Hari to team up for 'Singam III' |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriya-hari-to-team-up-for-singam-iii2404493/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506104301/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriya-hari-to-team-up-for-singam-iii2404493/ |archive-date=6 May 2016 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Anirudh later opted out of the project citing scheduling issues and [[Harris Jayaraj]] was brought in to compose the film's music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-18 |title=Singam 3 begins with song composition |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Singam-3-begins-with-song-composition/articleshow/50231382.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018095357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Singam-3-begins-with-song-composition/articleshow/50231382.cms |archive-date=18 October 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], who portrayed the police officer Erimalai in the first two films, declined to reprise his role in this film as he felt he "did not have a meaty role in it".<ref>{{Cite news |title=My sense of humour has kept me going during tough times: Vivekh |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/My-sense-of-humour-has-kept-me-going-during-tough-times-Vivekh/articleshow/52703136.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616181449/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/My-sense-of-humour-has-kept-me-going-during-tough-times-Vivekh/articleshow/52703136.cms |archive-date=16 June 2016 |access-date=14 June 2016 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> New actors to the series including [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], [[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Robo Shankar]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]] and [[Nithin Sathya]] were added to the cast, while [[Thakur Anoop Singh]] was signed on to portray the lead [[antagonist]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-08 |title=Singam 3 gets Soori onboard now |url=https://top10cinema.com/article/38274/singam-3-gets-soori-onboard-now |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013904/https://top10cinema.com/article/38274/singam-3-gets-soori-onboard-now |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |publisher=Top 10 Cinema}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=Singer Krish Plays A Cop In 'Singam 3' |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/news/singer-krish-plays-a-cop-in-singam-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018083840/https://silverscreen.in/tamil/news/singer-krish-plays-a-cop-in-singam-3/ |archive-date=18 October 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-14 |title=Singam 3: Behold the bad lion as actor Thakur Anoop Singh reveals his look, see pic |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-behold-the-bad-lion-as-actor-thakur-anoop-singh-reveals-his-look-see-pic-4426720/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202072359/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-behold-the-bad-lion-as-actor-thakur-anoop-singh-reveals-his-look-see-pic-4426720/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In preparation for his role, Suriya bulked up his physique by spending more hours in the gym and by adopting a strict oil-free diet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-09 |title=Singam 3 Si3: Here's Suriya's workout and diet regime for 'Singam 3' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/heres-suriyas-workout-and-diet-regime-for-singam-3/articleshow/57054775.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211173342/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/heres-suriyas-workout-and-diet-regime-for-singam-3/articleshow/57054775.cms |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=2017-03-11 |website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

The start of the film's shoot, initially scheduled for December 2015, was delayed as a result of the [[2015 South Indian floods]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-09 |title=Suriya's Singam 3 Shoot Delayed Due to Chennai Rains - NDTV Movies |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/suriyas-singam-3-shoot-delayed-due-to-chennai-rains-1252822 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005929/http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/suriyas-singam-3-shoot-delayed-due-to-chennai-rains-1252822 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |website=Movies.ndtv.com}}</ref> Production began in [[Visakhapatnam]] during January 2016 with scenes featuring [[Shruti Haasan]] as a journalist being shot. Following a series of action sequences shot in the city, the team moved to film song sequences in [[Romania]] with [[Anushka Shetty|Anushka]] joining the team.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shooting for Suriya's Singam 3 to begin from next week | regional movies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-s-singam-3-to-begin-shooting-from-next-week/story-bZjOhgHjjJbGitS6WGbZ7J.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125125644/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-s-singam-3-to-begin-shooting-from-next-week/story-bZjOhgHjjJbGitS6WGbZ7J.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manohar |first=Niveda |date=3 March 2016 |title=Singam 3 Shoot Moves To Romania |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/news/singam-3-shoot-moves-to-romania/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018085658/https://silverscreen.in/tamil/news/singam-3-shoot-moves-to-romania/ |archive-date=18 October 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref> After a production break, the team restarted the shoot in [[Visakhapatnam]], before moving to the [[Talakona]] Forest region and then on the [[AVM Studios]] in [[Chennai]] during mid-2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-08 |title=Shooting restarts for Suriya's 'Singam 3' in Vizag |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shooting-restarts-suriyas-singam-3-vizag-46120 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202012612/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/shooting-restarts-suriyas-singam-3-vizag-46120 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |publisher=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Suriya's Singam 3 team heads for Malaysia to shoot the climax scene | regional movies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-s-singam-3-team-heads-for-malaysia-to-shoot-the-climax-scene/story-ZV3aMGsWeISeUcSUv9cuNJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014922/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/suriya-s-singam-3-team-heads-for-malaysia-to-shoot-the-climax-scene/story-ZV3aMGsWeISeUcSUv9cuNJ.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-26 |title=Singam 3: Suriya shoots climax sequence in Talakona forest : Regional cinema, News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/singam-3-climax-suriya-shruti-haasan-anushka-shetty-thakur-anoop-singh-343240-2016-09-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014028/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/singam-3-climax-suriya-shruti-haasan-anushka-shetty-thakur-anoop-singh/1/773422.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |website=Indiatoday.intoday.in}}</ref> The team moved to Malaysia to finish filming the climax in October 2016,<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2016 |title=Suriya and Shruti Haasan's 'Singam 3' shooting wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyaand-shruti-haasans-singam-3-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/55052341.cms |access-date=2024-10-22 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=25 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225212516/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyaand-shruti-haasans-singam-3-shooting-wrapped-up/articleshow/55052341.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> before a further song was shot in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] with Suriya and Shruti Haasan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 25, 2016 |title=Shruti Haasan And Suriya Wrap Up Singam 3! |url=https://jfwonline.com/article/shruti-haasan-and-suriya-wrap-up-singam-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617172139/https://jfwonline.com/article/shruti-haasan-and-suriya-wrap-up-singam-3/ |archive-date=2025-06-17 |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=JFW |language=en}}</ref> In January 2017, the film was re-titled from ''S3'' to ''Si3'' (spelt சி3 in Tamil) to exploit the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu Government]]'s rule of entertainment tax exemption for films titled in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 2017 |title=From S III to Si 3 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190117/from-s-iii-to-si-3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124074756/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190117/from-s-iii-to-si-3.html |archive-date=24 January 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref name="Si3Feb9">{{Cite web |date=Jan 25, 2017 |title=It's official: Suriya's Si3 new release date is Feb 9 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/its-official-suriyas-si3-new-release-date-is-feb-9-news-tamil-rbzqFJiiighgb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127132230/http://www.sify.com/movies/its-official-suriyas-si3-new-release-date-is-feb-9-news-tamil-rbzqFJiiighgb.html |archive-date=27 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = S3
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 27 November 2016
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:21
| label = [[Eros Music]] [[Sony Music]]
| producer = Harris Jayaraj
| prev_title = [[Iru Mugan]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Vanamagan]]
| next_year = 2017
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|MxxXgTiivoA|Si3 – Jukebox}}}}
}}

The film's soundtrack is scored by [[Harris Jayaraj]], who replaced [[Devi Sri Prasad]] as the composer of the film series. The film marks the eighth collaboration between Suriya after ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'', ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'', ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'', ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]'', ''[[Aadhavan]]'', ''[[7 Aum Arivu]]'' and ''[[Maattrraan]]'' (2012). Taking a break after various schedules of shooting, director Hari and Harris Jayaraj completed the song composing in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2016 |title=IndiaGlitz — Suriya Anushka S3 Harris Jayaraj finishes composing five songs in nine days — Tamil Movie News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/suriya-anushka-s3-harris-jayaraj-finishes-composing-five-songs-in-nine-days-tamil-news-159509.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714122835/http://www.indiaglitz.com/suriya-anushka-s3-harris-jayaraj-finishes-composing-five-songs-in-nine-days-tamil-news-159509.html |archive-date=14 July 2016 |access-date=22 July 2016}}</ref> The audio rights of the film was acquired by [[Eros International|Eros Music]] and the complete album was released on 27 November 2016. Reviewing the album, Srivatsan of [[India Today]] stated "''S3'' might not be Harris' best work, but definitely not bad either. Having said that, it's a ''pucca'' ({{translation}} really) commercial album from the composer. Be it the songs or the theme music, the album has enough scope to pander to the B and C centers".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2016 |title=Suriya-Harris Jayaraj strike the perfect chord in this potboiler |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/singam-3-music-review-suriya-harris-jayaraj-shruti-haasan-anushka-shetty-354335-2016-11-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130125017/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/singam-3-music-review-suriya-harris-jayaraj-shruti-haasan-anushka-shetty/1/821292.html |archive-date=30 November 2016 |access-date=30 November 2016 |website=[[India Today]] |last=Srivatsan}}</ref> Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. is credited as the label for the ''S3'' soundtrack <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p774zBfdf7M |title=S3 Vetta (Theme Music) {{!}} Lyrical Video {{!}} S3 {{!}} Suriya, Anushka Shetty, Shruti Haasan |date=2016-11-26 |last=Sony Music South |access-date=2025-11-10 |via=YouTube |archive-date=19 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819040337/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p774zBfdf7M |url-status=live }}</ref> according to sources like Amazon Prime Music and YouTube.

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track-List - Tamil
| title1 = O Sone Sone
| lyrics1 = [[Pa. Vijay]], MC Vickey
| extra1 = [[Javed Ali]], Priya Subramaniyan, MC Vickey
| length1 = 5:06
| title2 = Mudhal Murai
| lyrics2 = [[Thamarai]], [[Ramya NSK]]
| extra2 = [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Swetha Mohan]], Ramya NSK, [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length2 = 5:05
| title3 = Universal Cop
| lyrics3 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]], [[Dinesh Kanagaratnam]]
| extra3 = Christopher Stanley, Dinesh Kanagaratnam, [[Krish (singer)|Krish]]
| length3 = 4:49
| title4 = He's My Hero
| lyrics4 = [[Hari (director)|Hari]], [[Maalavika Manoj]]
| extra4 = Maalavika Manoj
| length4 = 2:31
| title5 = Wi Wi Wi WiFi
| lyrics5 = Hari, [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| extra5 = Karthik, Christopher Stanley, [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
| length5 = 4:50
| title6 = Mission To Sydney
| lyrics6 = Hari, [[Lady Kash]]
| extra6 = Lady Kash
| length6 = 2:28
| title7 = S3 Vettai Theme
| lyrics7 = Hari
| extra7 = MC Vickey
| length7 = 1:32
| total_length = 26:21
}}
{{Infobox album
| name = S3 Yamudu 3
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 12 December 2016
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:21
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Eros Music]]
| producer = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|veeUzBy094Y|Yamudu 3 – Jukebox}}}}
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing - Telugu (''Yamudu 3'')<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2016 |title=S3 Yamudu 3 - - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/s3-yamudu-3/rOhnDOu,JwA_ |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = O Sone Sone
| length1 = 5:06
| lyrics1 = [[Vennelakanti]], MC Vickey
| extra1 = [[Javed Ali]], Priya Subramaniyan, MC Vickey
| title2 = Musi Musi Navvula
| length2 = 5:05
| lyrics2 = Sahithi, [[Ramya NSK]]
| extra2 = [[Aalap Raju]], [[Swetha Menon]], Ramya NSK, [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title3 = Universal Cop
| length3 = 4:49
| lyrics3 = Vennelakanti
| extra3 = Christopher Stanley, [[Krishna Iyer]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]]
| title4 = He's My Hero
| length4 = 2:31
| lyrics4 = [[Rakendu Mouli]], [[Maalavika Manoj]]
| extra4 = Maalavika Manoj
| title5 = Wi Wi Wi Wi Wifi
| length5 = 4:50
| lyrics5 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra5 = Karthik, [[Nikhita Gandhi]], Christopher Stanley
| title6 = Mission To Sydney
| length6 = 2:28
| lyrics6 = [[Hari (director)|Hari]], Rakendu Mouli, [[Lady Kash]]
| extra6 = Lady Kash
| title7 = S3 Vetta (Theme Music)
| length7 = 1:32
| lyrics7 = Rakendu Mouli
| extra7 = MC Vickey
| total_length = 26:21
}}

==Release==
''Si3'' went through several changes of release date, before being released on 9 February 2017, coinciding with [[Thaipusam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2017-02-10 |title=Suriya's Si3 morning shows cancelled in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/100217/si3-morning-shows-cancelled.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930085021/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/100217/si3-morning-shows-cancelled.html |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=2019-09-30 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was completed in mid-2016 and the team completed post-production work aiming to have a theatrical release in October to coincide either with the [[Ayudha Puja]] or [[Diwali]] season, but the release was postponed to avoid a box office clash with Suriya's brother, [[Karthi]]'s film, ''[[Kaashmora]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-17 |title=Suriya postpones Singam 3, averts box office clash with brother Karthi’s Kashmora |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriya-postpones-singam-3-averts-box-office-clash-with-brother-karthis-kashmora-3035853/ |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004202024/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/suriya-postpones-singam-3-averts-box-office-clash-with-brother-karthis-kashmora-3035853/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was then scheduled to release on 16 December,<ref name="16 Dec release">{{Cite web |date=20 September 2016 |title=Confirmed: Suriyas Singam 3 to roar on December 16 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/singam-3-suriya-shruti-haasan-anushka-shetty-thakur-anoop-singh-release-date-342089-2016-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220071658/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/singam-3-suriya-shruti-haasan-anushka-shetty-thakur-anoop-singh-release-date/1/768633.html |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=15 December 2016 |website=India Today}}</ref> but at the request of the makers of the Telugu film ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'', the release date was pushed to 23 December. However, it was delayed indefinitely after the team chose to allow the public of [[Tamil Nadu]] more time to recuperate from the aftermath of [[Cyclone Vardah]] and the [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|demonetisation problems]].<ref name="Jan26">{{Cite web |date=22 December 2016 |title=Suriya's 'Singam 3' gets a new release date! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyassingam-3-gets-a-new-release-date/articleshow/56115691.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231065618/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyassingam-3-gets-a-new-release-date/articleshow/56115691.cms |archive-date=31 December 2016 |access-date=31 December 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="Vardha delay">{{Cite web |date=15 December 2016 |title=Singam 3 release gets postponed due to cyclone Vardha, Suriya asks for support |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-release-gets-postponed-due-to-cyclone-vardha-suriya-asks-for-support-4427872/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216153553/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-release-gets-postponed-due-to-cyclone-vardha-suriya-asks-for-support-4427872/ |archive-date=16 December 2016 |access-date=15 December 2016 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Prior to the film's revised release date of 26 January, [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA India]] alleged that Suriya was trying to garner publicity for ''Si3'' by speaking out against the organisation at the [[2017 pro-jallikattu protests]]. Suriya subsequently filed a legal notice against PETA for the defamatory allegations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-21 |title=Jallikattu row: Suriya slaps legal notice against PETA for Singam 3 publicity remarks |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/jallikattu-row-suriya-slaps-legal-notice-against-peta-for-singam-3-publicity-remarks-4485262/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123153427/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/jallikattu-row-suriya-slaps-legal-notice-against-peta-for-singam-3-publicity-remarks-4485262/ |archive-date=23 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was pushed back even further following riots in [[Chennai]] at the end of the protests, with the producers finalising a worldwide theatrical release date of 9 February.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Singam 3: Suriya film postponed again over Jallikattu violence in Tamil Nadu |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-suriya-film-postponed-again-over-jallikattu-violence-in-tamil-nadu-4488908/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126154938/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-suriya-film-postponed-again-over-jallikattu-violence-in-tamil-nadu-4488908/ |archive-date=26 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-27 |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=January 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Si3Feb9" /> The film had its television premiere on 1 January 2018 via [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2017 |title='Singam 3 – New Year Special Premier Movie On Sun TV – 1st January 2018 At 6.30 P.M' |url=https://www.tholaikatchi.in/sun-tv-new-year-movie-singam-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413093249/https://www.tholaikatchi.in/sun-tv-new-year-movie-singam-3/ |archive-date=13 April 2018 |access-date=29 March 2018 |website=tholaikatchi.in}}</ref>

==Reception==
=== Critical response ===
Thinkal Menon of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Suriya, who carries the entire film on his shoulders, is in full form. This time, too, his mission ends leaving a hint that the franchise is here to stay."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Si3 film Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/si3/movie-review/57059210.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209113039/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/si3/movie-review/57059210.cms |archive-date=9 February 2017 |access-date=9 Feb 2017 |work=Times Of India}}</ref> Manoj Kumar. R of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3/5 and wrote "Hari maintains a sense of urgency in his films from the beginning to end, but, as a commercial film director, his storytelling methods also suffer from following a set of rules, which include frequent yawn-inducing songs, but he makes up for that formulaic approach with fast-paced narration in the scenes that follows".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Singam 3 movie review: Si3 is Suriya's show all the way |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/singam-3-movie-review-si-3-suriya-shruti-haasan-anoop-singh-star-rating-4514702/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315145415/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/singam-3-movie-review-si-3-suriya-shruti-haasan-anoop-singh-star-rating-4514702/ |archive-date=15 March 2017 |access-date=2017-03-11 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave 2/5 and wrote "Loud, fast and without a single memorable moment. The ''Singam'' series is the last place to be complaining about the villain."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Singam 3: Loud, fast, and without a single memorable moment |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Singam-3-Loud-fast-and-without-a-single-memorable-moment/article17278182.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211083453/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Singam-3-Loud-fast-and-without-a-single-memorable-moment/article17278182.ece |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=2017-03-11 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote "''Si3'' is a cocktail of harebrained predictable plot, exhausting action scenes, slapstick comedy and a bunch of characters that are entirely forgettable, while concluding it as "loud and exhausting."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-09 |title=Review : Si 3 review: Loud and exhausting! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/si-3-review-loud-and-exhausting-review-tamil-rcjrrsajhbajg.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209133015/http://www.sify.com/movies/si-3-review-loud-and-exhausting-review-tamil-rcjrrsajhbajg.html |archive-date=9 February 2017 |access-date=2017-03-11 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Singam 3'' collected {{INRConvert|20|c}} in domestic box office on its opening day and {{INRConvert|50|c}} in 5 days of release.<ref name="6daybox2">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2017 |title=Singam 3 box office collection: Suriya's Si3 racing towards Rs 100 cr, Singam 4 on cards |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-box-office-collection-suriya-si3-racing-towards-rs-100-cr-singam-4-on-cards-4524742/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214143422/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-box-office-collection-suriya-si3-racing-towards-rs-100-cr-singam-4-on-cards-4524742/ |archive-date=14 February 2017 |access-date=14 February 2017 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|62|c}} at the worldwide box office in its opening four-day weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-14 |title=Si3 box office collection: Suriya's film rakes in 62 cr worldwide during four day weekend |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/si3-box-office-collection-suriyas-film-rakes-in-62-cr-worldwide-during-four-day-weekend-3282242.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012142752/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/si3-box-office-collection-suriyas-film-rakes-in-62-cr-worldwide-during-four-day-weekend-3282242.html |archive-date=12 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-12 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> The film collected {{INRConvert|100|c}} worldwide in 6 days.<ref name="6daybox2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=Singam 3 box office: As Si3 collects Rs 100 crore, Suriya gifts Hari an expensive car |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-box-office-as-si3-collects-rs-100-crore-suriya-gifts-hari-an-expensive-car-4526665/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109114509/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/singam-3-box-office-as-si3-collects-rs-100-crore-suriya-gifts-hari-an-expensive-car-4526665/ |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Hari (director)}}
{{Singam}}

[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
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Vishnu Deo Sai

2026-04-22T02:33:54Z

StevieBavin8727: Stub

{{Short description|Chief Minister Of Chhattisgarh (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vishnu Deo Sai
| image = Vishnu Deo Sai, Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh.jpg
| office = Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh
| order = 4th
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Vishnudeo Sai ministry|Vishnudeo Sai]]
| governor = [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]] [[Ramen Deka]]
| deputy = [[Arun Sao]] [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]]
| term_start = 13 December 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 3 December 2023
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = U. D. Minj
| successor1 =
| constituency1 = [[Kunkuri Assembly constituency|Kunkuri]]
| office3 = [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Chhattisgarh]]
| term_start3 = 2 June 2020
| term_end3 = 9 August 2022
| predecessor3 = [[Vikram Usendi]]
| successor3 = [[Arun Sao]]
| term_start4 = 21 January 2014
| term_end4 = 16 August 2014
| predecessor4 = [[Ram Sewak Paikra]]
| successor4 = [[Dharamlal Kaushik]]
| term_start5 = 31 October 2006
| term_end5 = 11 May 2010
| predecessor5 = [[Shiv Pratap Singh]]
| successor5 = [[Ram Sewak Paikra]]
| office6 = [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister of State]]
| term_start6 = 26 May 2014
| term_end6 = 30 May 2019
| 1blankname6 = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata6 = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname6 = [[Ministry of Steel|Steel]]
| 2namedata6 = 26 May 2014 – 30 May 2019
| 3blankname6 = [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines]]
| 3namedata6 = 26 May 2014 – 5 July 2016
| 4blankname6 = [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Labour & Employment]]
| 4namedata6 = 26 May 2014 – 9 November 2014
| office7 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency7 = [[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Raigarh, Chhattisgarh]]
| term_start7 = 1999
| term_end7 = 2019
| predecessor7 = [[Ajit Jogi]]
| successor7 = [[Gomtee Sai]]
| office8 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8 = 1990
| term_end8 = 1998
| predecessor8 = [[Nand Kumar Sai]]
| successor8 = [[Nand Kumar Sai]]
| constituency8 = Tapkara
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|2|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jashpur district|Bagiya]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India (present-day [[Chhattisgarh]])
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Kaushalya Sai|1991}}
| children = 3
| footnotes =
| caption = Sai, {{circa|2025}}
| education = Loyola Higher Secondary School, [[Kunkuri]]
}}

'''Vishnu Deo Sai''' (born 21 February 1964) is an Indian politician currently serving as the [[List of chief ministers of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh]] from 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vishnu Deo Sai to be the 4th Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh: Sources|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/vishnu-deo-sai-to-be-the-chief-minister-of-chhattisgarh-2474216-2023-12-10|access-date=2023-12-10|website=India Today|date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He is the first senior tribal leader in Central India.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sikdar|first=Shubhomoy|date=2023-12-10|title=Tribal veteran Vishnu Deo Sai chosen as the new Chhattisgarh Chief Minister|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly/bjp-legislative-party-chhattisgarh-chief-minister-vishnu-deo-sai/article67624202.ece|access-date=2023-12-12|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Sai is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/news/former-union-minister-vishnudev-sai-will-be-the-new-president-of-chhattisgarh-bjp-127366258.html|title=ब्रेकिंग: पूर्व केंद्रीय मंत्री विष्णुदेव छत्तीसगढ़ भाजपा के नए अध्यक्ष, दिल्ली में राष्ट्रीय महासचिव अरुण सिंह ने किया नाम का ऐलान|first=पी श्रीनिवास|last=राव|date=2 June 2020|website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref> He currently represents [[Kunkuri Assembly constituency|Kunkuri]] in [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="From village sarpanch to Chief Minister, Vishnu Deo Sai has risen through the ranks">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=From village sarpanch to Chief Minister, Vishnu Deo Sai has risen through the ranks |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly/from-village-sarpanch-to-chief-minister-vishnu-deo-sai-has-risen-through-the-ranks/article67625395.ece |access-date=22 December 2023 |date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222043524/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly/from-village-sarpanch-to-chief-minister-vishnu-deo-sai-has-risen-through-the-ranks/article67625395.ece |archive-date=22 December 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

He officially became Chhattisgarh's second tribal Chief Minister after taking oath on 13 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sikdar |first1=Shubhomoy |title=Vishnu Deo Sai, his two deputies take oath in Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vishnu-deo-sai-takes-oath-as-chhattisgarh-chief-minister/article67634138.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=13 December 2023}}</ref>

Sai is known for his decisive approach to addressing public welfare issues. His dedication extends beyond [[Chhattisgarh]], as he has actively engaged with tribal concerns in other states including [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Odisha]], [[Telangana]], and [[Maharashtra]].<ref name='TOI'>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh CM Vishnu Deo Sai, a non-controversial tribal leader with strong organisational skills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/sai-a-non-controversial-tribal-leader-with-strong-organisational-skills/articleshow/105888041.cms |website=The Times of India |date=11 December 2023}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Sai was born in a farmer's family in the village of Bagiya, located in the Farsabahar development block of [[Jashpur district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]. His father, the late Shri Ramprasad Sai, and mother, Smt. Jasmani Devi Sai raised him in this rural setting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-10 |title=BJP's tribal face Vishnu Deo Sai to be C'garh CM |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjps-tribal-face-vishnu-deo-sai-to-be-c-garh-cm-101702231305253.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

His educational journey led him through higher secondary schooling in Kunkuri, within the Jashpur district. Hailing from the tribal Kanwar community, Sai's roots are deeply embedded in agriculture, with a family lineage entrenched in politics. He draws inspiration from his late uncles, [[Narhari Prasad Sai]] and Kedarnath Sai, both esteemed politicians.<ref>{{cite web |title=VISHNU DEO SAI : Bio, Political life, Family & Top stories |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/candidates/vishnu-deo-sai |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

[[Narhari Prasad Sai]] served as an MLA from the [[Lailunga Assembly constituency]] from 1962 to 1967 and from the Bagicha Assembly Constituency from 1972 to 1977. Later, he held the position of Member of Parliament and Union Minister of State for Communications from 1977 to 1979. Kedarnath Sai represented the Tapkara Assembly Constituency during the Jan Sangh era from 1967 to 1972. Additionally, Sai's grandfather, the late Budhnath Sai, established a political legacy as an MLA from 1947 to 1952.<ref name='bt'/><ref name="From village sarpanch to Chief Minister, Vishnu Deo Sai has risen through the ranks"/>

== Education ==
Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai pursued his education up to the Higher Secondary level. His father died when he was in the fourth standard, leaving him with the responsibility of supporting his mother, Jasmani Devi, and his two younger brothers, Om Prakash Sai and Vinod Sai. Following his Higher Secondary education for free at a Christian school named Loyola Higher Secondary School, Kunkuri, he was unable to continue his studies further and instead took up agriculture to provide for his family.<ref name='bt'/><ref name="TN"/>

During this period, he became familiar with Late Dilip Singh Judeo, a prominent leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party and then a Member of Parliament. Vishnu Deo Sai regards Late Dilip Singh Judeo as his political mentor and guide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh: Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai's Historic Moment With Late Dilip Singh Judeo Revealed In Throwback Photo |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/chhattisgarh-chief-minister-vishnu-deo-sais-historic-moment-with-late-dilip-singh-judeo-revealed-in-throwback-photo |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Sai started humbly in politics in 1989, when he was elected Panch of Bagiya [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] in undivided [[Madhya Pradesh]]. The 1990 Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat Bagiya was elected without a single vote due to his exceptional leadership skills. He won the seat of a member of the assembly for the [[Tapkara Assembly constituency]] that same year, marking his entry into legislative politics.<ref name='bt'>{{cite web |title=Vishnu Deo Sai: A Leader Nurtured by Commitment and Service |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/vishnu-deo-sai-a-leader-nurtured-by-commitment-and-service |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=389&lastls=16|title=Members : Lok Sabha|website=164.100.47.194}}</ref>

Sai continued his rise in politics by holding the position of [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) for two terms in a row, from 1990 to 1998. After that, he entered national politics and, beginning in 1999, won four terms in a row as the representative for the [[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency]]. From 1999 until 2014, Sai served in the [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]], [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]], [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]], and [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]] [[Lok Sabha]], making significant contributions during that time. Sai's dedication to serving the public also extended to his ministerial positions. From 27 May 2014, until 2019, he effectively oversaw the Ministries of [[Ministry of Steel|Steel]], [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines]], [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Labor and Employment]] as a [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister of State]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Who is Vishnu Deo Sai, BJP's Chhattisgarh CM pick? 10 things to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-chhattisgarh-chief-minister-vishnu-deo-sai-101702202672841.html |website=Hisndustan Times|date=10 December 2023 }}</ref>

Sai was named the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Chhattisgarh]] State President in 2006, after being recognized for his leadership within the organization. He then served in this capacity again from 2020 to 2022. He was named to the BJP National Working Committee as a special invitee member on 2 December 2022. He was then elevated to the rank of full member of the BJP National Working Committee on 8 July 2023.<ref name='bt'/><ref>{{cite web |title=Vishnu Deo Sai's turnaround: Replaced as state BJP chief pre-polls, named Chhattisgarh CM post-victory |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/chhattisgarh-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-senior-tribal-leader-9062318/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

[[File: The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath as Minister of State to Shri Vishnu Deo Sai, at a Swearing-in Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 26, 2014.jpg|thumb|250px|The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath as Minister of State to Shri Vishnu Deo Sai, at a swearing-in ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on May 26, 2014]]

=== Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh ===
[[File:PM Modi with Vishnu Deo Sai and Biswabhusan Harichandan on December 13, 2023 (cropped).jpg|thumb|251x251px|PM Modi with Vishnu Deo Sai and Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
In a BJP meeting, it was announced that Vishnu Deo Sai will become the next [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh]] along with [[Arun Sao]] and [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]] as deputy CM. On 13 December 2023, Sai took oath as [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh]] and [[Arun Sao]] and [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]] were elected as [[List of deputy chief ministers of Chhattisgarh|Deputy Chief Ministers of Chhattisgarh]] at the Science College ground in [[Raipur]].

==Philanthropy==
Beyond politics, Sai has actively engaged in social work, particularly focused on tribal education and the development of essential infrastructure in tribal regions. He has been a consistent advocate for improving the living standards of backward tribes, reflecting a deep-rooted commitment to social welfare. Known for his reverence for Lord Shri Ram, Sai staunchly opposes conversions through compulsion or deception.<ref name='TOI'/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sikdar |first1=Shubhomoy |title=Vishnu Deo Sai {{!}} Rising above the script |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vishnu-deo-sai-rising-above-the-script/article67669987.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=23 December 2023}}</ref>

==Kanwar community development==
Within the Kanwar community of Chhattisgarh, Vishnu Deo Sai is a well-known and revered individual who serves as a guide to the group's members. In addition to Sai, his wife, Kaushalya Sai, is an active participant in the processes that lead to the development of the Kanwar community. There is a sizeable community of members of the Kanwar tribe in Northern Chhattisgarh. These individuals can be found in all six districts that make up the Surguja division, as well as in the districts of [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Raigarh|Raigar]]h, and [[Janjgir]]. Throughout the Kanwar community, Vishnu Deo Sai has been an important figure in the process of raising awareness about the need of education.<ref name='bt'/><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Vishnu Deo Sai: Tribal leader set to become Chhattisgarh Chief Minister |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-polls-2023/story/vishnu-deo-sai-chhattisgarh-chief-minister-tribal-face-bjp-assembly-election-meeting-mlas-2474229-2023-12-10 |website=India Today |language=en |date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

== Stance on Naxalism ==
Since assuming the role of Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, Vishnu Deo Sai has swiftly implemented numerous decisive measures for public welfare, profoundly impacting both the state and national political landscape. In tackling the longstanding issue of Naxalism in Chhattisgarh, Sai has employed a strategy of "Boli ka Jawab Boli Se aur Goli ka Jawab Goli" (dialogue for dialogue, and bullet for bullet).<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh CM Vishnu Deo Sai: 'Naxals referred to Congress govt as our govt … People have lost faith in them' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/chhattisgarh-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-naxals-referred-to-congress-govt-as-our-govt-9234657/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh CM Stresses Fight Against Naxalism, Praises Security Personnel For Abujhmad Op |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/chhattisgarh-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-on-8-naxalites-killed-in-abujhmad-bastar-ig-naxalism-1695893 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>

Within a mere four months of his tenure, security forces engaged in multiple encounters with Maoists in Bastar, resulting in the killing of over 100 Naxalites, including several high-profile leaders with substantial bounties on their heads. Notably, a large number of Maoists and their supporters have surrendered, drawn by the rehabilitation policies of the Chhattisgarh Government. Concurrently, the Vishnu Deo Sai government has significantly increased the number of security camps in Bastar.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sikdar |first1=Sobhana K. Nair & Shubhomoy |title=Vishnu Deo Sai interview {{!}} 'When Congress was in power, Naxals believed their own government was ruling' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/vishnu-deo-sai-interview-when-congress-was-in-power-naxals-believed-their-own-government-was-ruling/article68084494.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=19 April 2024}}</ref> The "Niyad Nellnar" scheme has been initiated to foster Bastar's development through these security camps, ensuring that villages within a five-kilometer radius receive the benefits of various Central and State Government schemes, thereby promoting comprehensive community development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishnu Deo Sai government defeats Naxalism with proactive Puvarti Model |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2024/Mar/03/vishnu-deo-sai-government-defeats-naxalism-with-proactive-puvarti-model |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=3 March 2024}}</ref>

==Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana==
In compliance to the Prime Minister's guarantee, the construction of permanent housing under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana has commenced for over 1.8 million poor families in the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=CM Sai-led Cabinet's first decision: 18 lakh poor to get PM Awas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cm-sai-led-cabinets-first-decision-18-lakh-poor-to-get-pm-awas-9068928/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=15 December 2023}}</ref>

==Governance==
Vishnu Deo Sai established Good Governance. Government has taken consistent action against corruption. Numerous cases of corruption alleged to have occurred during the tenure of the previous Congress government are being swiftly investigated. These cases involve a range of scandals, including those related to coal, liquor, sand, teacher recruitment, PSC recruitment, and the Mahadev app. The involvement of key political figures from the [[Congress party]] in these scandals has garnered national attention, placing these cases in the spotlight on a broader scale.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vishnu Deo Sai interview 'When Congress was in power, Naxals believed their own government was ruling' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/vishnu-deo-sai-interview-when-congress-was-in-power-naxals-believed-their-own-government-was-ruling/article68084494.ece |website=The Hindu|date=19 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Congress spreading misinformation: CM Sai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/congress-spreading-misinformation-cm-sai/articleshow/109447022.cms |website=The Times of India |date=20 April 2024}}</ref>

On Good Governance Day, 25 December 2023, the state government transferred an amount of ₹3,716 crore as two years' pending bonus into the bank accounts of 1.3 million farmers, thus fulfilling the guarantee.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sikdar |first1=Shubhomoy |title=Chhattisgarh government transfers outstanding paddy bonus to nearly 12 lakh farmers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/chhattisgarh-government-transfers-outstanding-paddy-bonus-to-nearly-12-lakh-farmers/article67674025.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=25 December 2023}}</ref>

The 'Shri Ramlala Ayodhya Dham' Darshan Yojana in Chhattisgarh has also been started by the Vishnu Deo Sai administration. This program offers the state's believers free pilgrimage tours to Ayodhya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Ram Darshan |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/chhattisgarh/getting-good-fortune-of-having-darshan-shri-ram-devotees-going-ayodhya-dham-vishnu-dev-998109.html |website=One India}}</ref>

With the hike in remuneration rate for Tendu Patta collection from ₹4,000 per standard bag to ₹5,500 per standard bag, Vishnu Deo Sai government has benefited 12 lakh 50 thousand families engaged in Tendu Patta collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh Implements tendu patta pluckers' pay raise and women's empowerment scheme |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/chhattisgarh-implements-tendu-patta-pluckers-pay-raise-and-womens-empowerment-scheme/articleshow/107329698.cms |website=The Times of India |date=1 February 2024}}</ref>

==Krishak Unnati Yojana==
The Vishnu Deo Sai administration of Chhattisgarh has fulfilled the guarantee under the Krishak Unnati Yojana by purchasing paddy from farmers at a rate of ₹3,100 per quintal, with a maximum of 21 quintals per acre. A record-breaking 14.492 lakh metric tons of paddy were procured from 24 lakh 75 thousand farmers in the state in 2023–2024. The support price of ₹31,913 crore and the differential amount of ₹13,320 crore have been disclosed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh govt transfers ₹13,320 cr to 2.4 mn farmers under 'Krishak Unnati' scheme |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/chhattisgarh-govt-transfers-13-320-cr-to-2-4-mn-farmers-under-krishak-unnati-scheme-101710302201303.html |website=H Times|date=13 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitra |first1=Hritika |title=Chhattisgarh govt launches input assistance scheme for farmers, transfers Rs 13,320 crore |url=https://www-indiatvnews-com.translate.goog/chhattisgarh/chhattisgarh-govt-launches-input-assistance-scheme-for-farmers-transfers-rs-13-320-crore-2024-03-12-921185?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=hi&_x_tr_hl=hi&_x_tr_pto=tc |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en |date=12 March 2024}}</ref>

==Women empowerment==
'Mahatari Vandan Yojana' has been introduced by the Vishnu Deo Sai government to support women's socio-economic empowerment in the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahtari vandana Yojana : CM Vishnu deo Sai ने ट्रांसफर किए करोड़ों रुपये {{!}} CG News {{!}} Top News |url=https://hindi.news18.com/videos/elections/mahtari-vandana-yojana-cm-vishnu-deo-sai-transferred-crores-of-rupees-cg-news-top-news-8455125.html |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> More than 70 lakh women in the state are receiving ₹1,000 a month deposited into their bank accounts under this plan.<ref>{{cite web |title=विष्णु देव साय सरकार के 6 महीने पूरे, किसानों, महिलाओं और युवाओं के लिए हुए ये काम, देखिए रिपोर्ट कार्ड |url=https://mpcg.ndtv.in/chhattisgarh-news/mahtari-vandan-scheme-chhattisgarh-vishnu-dev-sai-government-completes-6-months-historic-decisions-for-farmers-women-and-youth-report-card-of-bjp-5880033 |website=mpcg.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=मुख्यमंत्री साय ने वित्तीय वर्ष खत्म होने का दिया हवाला, अगली तारीख बताई |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/raipur/news/bjp-vijay-booth-campaign-cm-vishnu-dev-sai-mahtari-vandan-yojana-money-april-information-132798422.html |website=Bhaskar}}</ref>

On the lines of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's call to build 'Developed India', the Vishnu Deo Sai government has set a goal to build 'Developed Chhattisgarh'. In the same sequence, the state government is preparing a vision document titled "Amritkal Chhattisgarh Vision @2047."<ref>{{cite web |title=How Vishnu Deo Sai cabinet took management classes to build a 'Viksit Chhattisgarh' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-vishnu-deo-sai-cabinet-took-management-classes-to-build-a-viksit-chhattisgarh-2549418-2024-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en |date=5 June 2024}}</ref>

==Personal life==
On 27 May 1991, Vishnu Deo Sai married Kaushalya Devi Sai. The couple have one son and two daughters.<ref name="TN">{{cite web |title=Vishnu Deo Sai's Wife, Family: The Tribal Leader BJP Picked As Chhattisgarh CM |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/meet-vishnu-deo-sai-wife-children-family-the-tribal-leader-bjp-picked-as-chhattisgarh-cm-farmer-family-article-105878740 |website=Times Now |language=en |date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
===Lok Sabha===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Constituency
!colspan="2"|Party
!Result
!Vote
!Opposite candidate
!colspan="2"|Party
!Vote
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Raigarh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Won}}
|276,244
|Pushpa Devi Singh
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|270,471
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Raigarh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Won}}
|329,057
|Rampukar Singh
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|254,814
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Raigarh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Won}}
|443,948
|Hridayaram Rathiya
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|388,100
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Raigarh Lok Sabha constituency|Raigarh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Won}}
|662,478
|Arti Singh
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|445,728
|}

===Vidhan Sabha===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Constituency
!colspan="2"|Party
!Result
!Vote
!Opposite candidate
!colspan="2"|Party
!Vote
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Tapkara
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Won}}
|28,701
|Theoder Ekka
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|14,135
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Tapkara
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Won}}
|24,732
|Ishwar Sai
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21,288
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|[[Pathalgaon Assembly constituency|Pathalgaon]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Lost}}
|30,505
|Rampukar Singh Thakur
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33,750
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Pathalgaon Assembly constituency|Pathalgaon]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Lost}}
|36,888
|Rampukar Singh Thakur
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37,205
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Pathalgaon Assembly constituency|Pathalgaon]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Lost}}
|54,627
|Rampukar Singh Thakur
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,543
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Kunkuri Assembly constituency|Kunkuri]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Won}}
|87,604
|U. D. Minj
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,063
|}

== See also ==

* [[Vishnudeo Sai ministry|Vishnu Deo Sai ministry]]
* [[Raman Singh]]
* [[Arun Sao]]
* [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Twitter}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Bhupesh Baghel ]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chief Ministers of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh]]|years=11 December 2023}}
{{s-inc|Incumbent}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Vikram Usendi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Chhattisgarh]]|years=2020–2022}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Arun Sao]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ram Sewak Paikra]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Chhattisgarh]]|years=2014–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Dharamlal Kaushik]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Shiv Pratap Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Chhattisgarh]]|years=2006–2010}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ram Sewak Paikra]]}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ajit Jogi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Raigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]] |years=1999–2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gomtee Sai]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}

{{16th LS members from Chhattisgarh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sai, Vishnu Deo}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:People from Raigarh district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members]]

Nangal Chaudhry Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:38:28Z

StevieBavin8727: stub!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Nangal Chaudhry
|type= SLA
| map_image = Nangal Chaudhry Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|alliance = 
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|region =
|division =
|constituency_no = 71
|established = 
|abolished = 

| mla = [[Manju Choudhary (politician)|Manju Choudhary]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district = [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhiwani-Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani-Mahendragarh]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 1,68,244
}}

'''Nangal Chaudhry Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''Till 2009: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || Bahadur Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Abhe Singh Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Manju Choudhary (politician)|Manju Choudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nangal Chaudhry<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nangal Chaudhry">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nangal Chaudhry |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0771.htm |access-date=6 November 2024 |date=8 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106060301/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0771.htm |archive-date=6 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manju Choudhary (politician)|Manju Choudhary]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=61,989 |percentage=52.32 |change={{increase}}48.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abhe Singh Yadav|Dr. Abhe Singh Yadav]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=55,059 |percentage=46.47 |change={{decrease}}7.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rao Om Prakash Engineer |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=576 |percentage=0.49 |change={{decrease}}33.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=386 |percentage=0.33 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,930 |percentage=5.85 |change= {{decrease}}14.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,18,473 |percentage=71.40 |change= {{increase}}2.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,68,244 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nangal Chaudhry<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abhe Singh Yadav|Dr. Abhe Singh Yadav]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=55,529 |percentage=53.57 |change={{increase}}20.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mula Ram]] |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=34,914 |percentage=33.68 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raja Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,371 |percentage=4.22 |change={{decrease}}2.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suman Devi |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=4,341 |percentage=4.19 |change={{decrease}}28.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaje Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,016 |percentage=1.94 |change={{increase}}1.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tejpal Yadav |party=Swaraj India |votes=1,279 |percentage=1.23 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhaju Ram Rawat |party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) |votes=867 |percentage=0.84 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,615 |percentage=19.89 |change= {{increase}}18.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,03,657 |percentage=68.61 |change= {{decrease}}6.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,51,080 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.66 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}20.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nangal Chaudhry<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abhe Singh Yadav|Dr. Abhe Singh Yadav]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=33,929 |percentage=33.33 |change={{increase}}30.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manju |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=32,948 |percentage=32.37 |change={{decrease}}5.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radhey Shyam |party=Independent politician |votes=14,942 |percentage=14.68 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Binod Kumar Alias Vinod |party=Independent politician |votes=9,364 |percentage=9.20 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,371 |percentage=6.26 |change={{decrease}}18.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaje Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,065 |percentage=1.05 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=834 |percentage=0.82 |change={{decrease}}1.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Haryana Jan Chetna Party (V) |votes=601 |percentage=0.59 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=981 |percentage=0.96 |change= {{decrease}}12.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,01,789 |percentage=75.23 |change= {{increase}}2.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,35,309 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.77 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}4.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nangal Chaudhry}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bahadur Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=32,984 |percentage=38.00 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radhey Shyam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,321 |percentage=24.56 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mula Ram]] |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=20,918 |percentage=24.10 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abhimanyu |party=Independent politician |votes=3,119 |percentage=3.59 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daya Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,857 |percentage=3.29 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sher Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,607 |percentage=1.85 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satya Narain |party=Independent politician |votes=1,029 |percentage=1.19 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=828 |percentage=0.95 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,663 |percentage=13.44 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,800 |percentage=72.34 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,19,990 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mahendragarh district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}

{{coord|27.89|76.11|display=title}}

[[Category:Mahendragarh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2009]]

Kerala Queer Pride

2026-04-14T10:29:09Z

StevieBavin8727: creating new details!

{{short description|Annual LGBT event in Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| genre = [[Pride parade]]
| image = Pride march Thrissur 2018 03.jpg
| caption = Kerala Queer Pride March at Thrissur 2018
| location = [[Kerala]]
| country = India
| frequency = Annually
| years_active = 2010-present
| first = {{Start year and age|2010}}
| last = 2024
}}
'''Kerala Queer Pride''' is an annual [[pride parade]] and associated series of events held in the Indian state of Kerala to celebrate the diversity of sexual orientations and gender identities. The event serves as a platform for [[LGBTQ people|LGBTQIA+]] communities and their allies to advocate for equal rights, social acceptance, and visibility. It typically includes public marches, cultural programs, panel discussions, film screenings, and community outreach activities. There was initially a perception that the Pride March was for the 'trans community', but it has since been attended by gays, lesbians, all other LGBTQ+ groups, and other LGBT supporters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Queer Pride March: 'Sooner or later, the world will be much more open for us' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/sooner-or-later-the-world-will-be-much-more-open-for-us/articleshow/66119438.cms |work=The Times of India |date=12 November 2018}}</ref> Queer Pride Kerala is an independent, non-profit initiative for queer rights and unity, according to their Facebook page.<ref name="Mathrubhumi2"/>

==History==
Kerala Queer Pride began in 2010 as part of a broader movement for LGBTQIA+ visibility and rights in India. First Kerala Queer Pride march was held at [[Thrissur]] on July 2, 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Freedom in God's own country |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2010/Jul/24/freedom-in-gods-own-country-172572.html |access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> Kerala Queer Pride later become a platform for sexual minorities to come together.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |title=Freedom in God's own country |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/hundreds-take-part-in-lgbtq-pride-parade/article25150867.ece |access-date=March 25, 2026 |date=October 7, 2018}}</ref>

==Editions==
===Kerala Queer Pride 2010===
The first Kerala Queer Pride March was held in Thrissur on July 2, 2010, to mark the first anniversary of the Delhi High Court verdict that legalized homosexuality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kerala-to-host-its-first-gay-parade/articleshow/6112610.cms|title=Kerala to host its first gay parade|website=The Times of India|date=30 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala opens the closet |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2010/Jul/10/kerala-opens-the-closet-168712.html |access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> The motto of the 2010 Queer Pride March, which was attended by approximately 500 people, was 'From Silence to Celebration'.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gay pride, fanaticism queer the pitch in Kerala |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/gay-pride-fanaticism-queer-the-pitch-in-kerala/articleshow/6131213.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=5 July 2010}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2011===
The second edition of Kerala Queer Pride was also held at Thrissur.<ref name="Utharakalam">{{cite news |title=ക്വിയര്‍ പ്രൈഡ് 2012: മണ്‍സൂണിലെ മഴവില്‍ വസന്തം |url=https://utharakalam.com/2012/12/25/4226.html |work=Utharakalam |date=25 December 2012}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2012===
Although it was announced that the Queer Pride March, which was held in Thrissur in the first two years, would be held in Thrissur as usual, later on, following the silence of previous organizers of Kerala Queer Pride, a queer pride march was organized in Kozhikode on 26 July 2012 under the leadership of Malabar Cultural Forum (MCF).<ref name="Utharakalam"/>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2013===
The 4th annual queer pride march was held at Thrissur on July 2, 2013.<ref name="anannia">{{cite web |title=4th Kerala Queer Parade |url=https://anannia.org/activities/2013-07-02-4th-kerala-queer-par/ |website=anannia.org}}</ref> About 300 members participated in the march that started from Vidyarthi Corner and ended at Kerala Sahithya Akadami.<ref name="anannia"/><ref>{{cite web |title=2013: WHAT IT MEANT FOR LGBT INDIA |url=https://www.gaylaxymag.com/exclusive/2013-what-it-meant-for-lgbt-india/}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2014===
5th Kerala Queer pride march was held in [[Kochi]] on July 26, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5th Queer pride march Feature Photo 5th Queer Pride Mar... |url=https://timescontent.timesofindia.com/photo/feature/5th-Queer-pride-march/383798 |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=Times Of India |language=English}}</ref> The march was organised by the Queer Pride Keralam Group, which includes Queerala, a support group for the LGBT community, and Sahayathrika, a human rights organisation for lesbian and bisexual women in Kerala, and others who support LGBT community.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Fifth Kerala LGBT parade pride held |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-fifth-kerala-lgbt-parade-pride-held-2005667 |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2015===
The sixth edition of the Kerala Queer Pride march was held on August 12, 2015, at [[Kozhikode]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manu |first1=Gayatri |title=Kerala District Sets up Grievance Redressal Cell for LGBT Community |url=https://thebetterindia.com/69016/kozhikode-sexual-diversity-grievance-cell/ |work=thebetterindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2016===
The seventh edition of the queer pride parade held in [[Kozhikode]] on August 13, 2016.<ref name="Manorama">{{cite news |title=Heralding freedom and dignity: queer pride parade graces Kozhikode |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/queer-pride-parade-kozhikode-photos-transgender-lgbt.html |work=OnManorama |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref> Parade started from [[Kozhikode Beach]] and concluded at Tagore Hall.<ref name="Manorama"/> Then [[Thrithala Assembly constituency|Thrithala]] MLA [[V. T. Balram]] inaugurated the parade.<ref name="Manorama"/>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2017===
The 8th Kerala Queer Pride 2017 was held in Kochi on August 12, 2017.<ref name="samayam">{{cite news |title=മഴവില്ലഴകിൽ കൊച്ചി; എട്ടാമത് കേരള ക്വിയർ പ്രൈഡ് ഇന്ന് കൊച്ചിയിൽ |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/latest-news/kerala-news/today-kerala-queer-pride-at-kochi/articleshow/60032095.cms |work=Samayam Malayalam |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |language=ml}}</ref> The procession started from Vanchi Square in Menaka and ended at [[Maharaja's College, Kochi|Maharaja's College]] Auditorium.<ref name="samayam"/> Apart from the public meeting, seminars, cultural programs, film screenings, and discussions also held as part of this.<ref name="samayam"/>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2018===
[[File:9thpride kerala stage.jpg|thumb|9th Kerala Queer Pride public meeting]]
9th edition of the Kerala Queer Pride march was held in Thrissur on October 7, 2018.<ref name="Hindu"/> Manaveeyam Queer rally, a precursor to the 9th Kerala Queer Pride march, was held in Thiruvananthapuram on August 12, 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Queer Pride rally held in Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/queer-pride-rally-held-in-city/article24672923.ece |date=August 13, 2018}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2019===
The 10th Queer Pride March of the state was held at [[Kochi]], on November 20, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Queer community says, "We still have a long way to go" |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/72142263.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |work=The Times of India |date=20 November 2019}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2020&2021===
Kerala Queer Pride parade was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |first=Bijin |title=ഇന്റർസെക്‌സായ കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങളെ ജനിക്കുംമുന്നേ കൊന്നുകളയുന്നു; മനുഷ്യനെന്ന പരിഗണന പോലും ലഭിക്കുന്നില്ല: ആദി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/love-n-life/2022/02/16/kozhikode-govt-b-ed-college-students-aadhi-on-struggles-of-lgbtiq-community-in-society.html |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Manorama Online |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=ml}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2022===
The 11th edition of the Kerala Queer Pride was held at [[Kollam]], on September 16–18, 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-13 |title=Queer Pride parade in Kollam on September 18 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/queer-pride-parade-in-kollam-on-september-18/article65886134.ece |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Along with the Queer Pride parade, art exhibition, documentary screening, public meeting and cultural programmes were also organised.<ref name=":0" /> The event was inaugurated by father of Anannyah Kumari Alex, a social activist who was the first transgender to contest assembly elections in the state, who later committed suicide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Late transgender activist Anannyah's father to flag off Kerala Queer Pride march |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/09/17/queer-pride-kollam-lgbtq-community-anannyah.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=Onmanorama.com |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=en}}</ref>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2023===
The 12th Kerala Queer Pride was held in [[Malappuram]] on 28 and 29 October. The first day saw an art exhibition and discussions on three topics, while the second day saw discussions, a Queer Pride march, a closing ceremony and cultural programmes.<ref name="News18">{{cite news |title=12-ാമത് കേരള ക്വീർ പ്രൈഡ് റാലി മലപ്പുറത്ത്; സൈബർ ഭീഷണി നേരിടുന്നുവെന്ന് സംഘാടകർ |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/malappuram-12th-queer-pride-rally-organised-by-the-lgbtq-collective-in-kerala-to-be-held-in-malappuram-mm-634206.html |work=News18 Malayalam |language=en-IE}}</ref> On the closing day, a DJ show by DJ Pete held on the open stage of the Malappuram Town Hall.<ref name="News18"/> The event was titled ''Malappuram Mazhavil Monchil Thilangum''.<ref name="News18"/> The march scheduled for September was postponed following [[Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala|Nipah outbreak]] in Kozhikode.<ref name="onmanorama">{{cite news |title=As Malappuram prepares to host Queer Pride, organisers complain about receiving threats |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/10/25/kerala-queer-pride-organisers-complain-about-threats.html |work=As Malappuram prepares to host Queer Pride, organisers complain about receiving threats |language=en}}</ref>

The logo of the 12th pride march was inspired by 'Islamic Geometry Art'.<ref name="Mathrubhumi2">{{cite news |title='Against queerphobia and Islamophobia': Logo of 12th Kerala Queer Pride 2023, Malappuram released |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/-against-queerphobia-and-islamophobia-logo-of-12th-kerala-queer-pride-2023-malappuram-released-3e2cbe70 |work=@mathrubhumi |date=7 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The Queer Pride group had said that the logo would send a message that Queer Pride Kerala's politics are against '[[queerphobia]]' and '[[Islamophobia]]'.<ref name="Mathrubhumi2"/>

Opposition to the organizers of the event, which is being held for the first time in Malappuram, and the event itself, has been raised from many quarters.<ref name="News18"/> An organization called Youth Empowerment Society of Kerala (YES Kerala) has put up hoardings against the event at various places in the district.<ref>{{cite news |title=Despite protests, 12th Kerala Queer Pride event begins in Malappuram |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Oct/29/despite-protests-12th-kerala-queer-pride-event-begins-in-malappuram-2627965.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=29 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="onmanorama"/>

===Kerala Queer Pride 2024===
the 13th edition of the Kerala Queer Pride was held in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], on October 17–20, 2024.<ref name="Hindu2">{{cite news |title=Celebration of pride returns to capital city as 13th Kerala Queer Pride set to take place in Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/kerala-queer-pride-13th-edition-in-thiruvananthapuram-lgbtq-rights/article68756153.ece |date=October 17, 2024}}</ref> The event featured panel discussions on LGBTQIA+ community rights, a student meet, film screenings, a DJ night, an exhibition by queer artists, stalls by queer entrepreneurs, and a Pride March starting from the [[Kerala Government Secretariat]] and ending at [[Manaveeyam Veedhi]] on October 20 at different venues in the city like Bharat Bhavan, Gandhi Park, and Manaveeyam Veedhi.<ref name="Hindu2"/> As a part of the event, the first-ever Queer-Trans Student Meet-Up was organized at Bharat Bhavan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Queer Pride comes to the capital |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2024/Oct/10/kerala-queer-pride-comes-to-the-capital |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{LGBT in India}}
{{Asia topic|LGBT rights in}}

[[Category:2010 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:2010 in LGBTQ history]]
[[Category:Culture of Kerala]]
[[Category:Pride parades in India]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 2010]]

Bichhiya Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:54:02Z

StevieBavin8727: new the entry w/ refs

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bichhiya
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 105
| map_image = 105-Bichhiya.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Mandla district|Mandla]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mandla Lok Sabha constituency|Mandla]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Narayan Singh Patta]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Pandit Singh Dhurwey
}}
'''Bichhiya''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="cands">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="listMLA">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Mandla district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Baredi Bhoi Patta
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Shenkerlal
|{{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Darbari Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Mangilal
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Manik Lal Pareti
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Roop Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Jhallu Ram Tekam
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Tulsiram Dhumketi
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Pandit Singh Dhurwey
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Narayan Singh Patta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Pandit Singh Dhurwey
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
|rowspan="2" | [[Narayan Singh Patta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bichhiya<ref name="BJP Candidates MP 2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-announces-candidates-for-39-assembly-seats-in-madhya-pradesh-3-months-ahead-of-state-election-101692298341918.html|title=BJP releases first list of candidates for 39 seats in MP|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=18 August 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Narayan Singh Patta]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:89222}}
|percentage = 41.68
|change = +0.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vijay Anand Marawi
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:78157}}
|percentage = 36.51
|change = +7.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Kamlesh Tekam
|votes = {{formatnum:39115}}
|percentage = 18.27
|change = +0.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4420}}
|percentage = 2.06
|change = -1.1
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11065}}
|percentage = 5.17
|change = -6.26
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:214075}}
|percentage = 82.54
|change = +4.06
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bichhiya<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Narayan Singh Patta]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:76544}}
|percentage = 40.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shivraj Shah
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:55156}}
|percentage = 29.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Kamlesh Tekam
|votes = {{formatnum:32417}}
|percentage = 17.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Savitri Dhumketi
|votes = {{formatnum:4777}}
|percentage = 2.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sunder Lal Kumhare
|votes = {{formatnum:1992}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Ashok Shah Dhurwey (Panda)
|votes = {{formatnum:1903}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Naresh Dhurwey
|votes = {{formatnum:1880}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:5915}}
|percentage = 3.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:21388}}
|percentage = 11.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:187082}}
|percentage = 78.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Bichhiya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|22.45|80.71|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mandla district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

A. S. Patil (Nadahalli)

2026-04-01T02:18:42Z

StevieBavin8727: new initial info w/ sources!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1969)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = A. S. Patil
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|7|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Muddebihal]], [[Vijayapura]], [[Karnataka]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| parents = Sanganagouda Patil (Father) & Smt. Gangubai (Mother)
| spouse = Mahadevi A Patil Nadahalli
| children = 2
| website =
| footnotes =
| source =
}}

'''Aminappagouda Sanganagouda Patil''' (born 22 July 1969), also known as '''A. S. Patil''', is an Indian [[politician]] and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru: Congress MLA praises BJP, embarrasses party colleagues in Assembly |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=455494 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Majumdar |first=Moumi |title=A S Patil Nadanhalli: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/a-s-patil-nadanhalli-76429.html |access-date=2025-06-17 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref> He has been elected three times to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]],<ref name="Rebel Congress MLA and JD(S) nominee A S Patil Nadahalli joins BJP">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Rebel Congress MLA and JD(S) nominee A S Patil Nadahalli joins BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/rebel-congress-mla-and-jds-nominee-a-s-patil-nadahalli-joins-bjp/articleshow/63401226.cms |accessdate=23 November 2024 |date=21 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123045617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/rebel-congress-mla-and-jds-nominee-a-s-patil-nadahalli-joins-bjp/articleshow/63401226.cms |archivedate=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Nadahalli hopped two parties in five years">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Nadahalli hopped two parties in five years |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/nadahalli-hopped-two-parties-in-five-years/article23325887.ece |accessdate=23 November 2024 |date=22 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123045609/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/nadahalli-hopped-two-parties-in-five-years/article23325887.ece |archivedate=23 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> and is an incumbent member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of the [[Muddebihal Assembly constituency]].<ref name=":0" />

==Early life==
Patil was born in [[Nadahalli, Shimoga district|Nadahalli]], a village in [[Muddebihal]] in the [[Vijayapura]] district. He is the third out of six children.<ref name="Oneindia">{{Cite web |last=Majumdar |first=Moumi |title=A S Patil Nadanhalli: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/a-s-patil-nadanhalli-76429.html |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Patil is married to Mahadevi A. Patil Nadahalli. The couple has two sons.<ref name="Oneindia" />

==Political career==
* 2008-2018: Won elections in the [[Devara Hipparagi]] Constituency.<ref name="Oneindia" />
* 2018-2023: Moved to win in [[Muddebihal Assembly constituency|Muddebihal Constituency]], becoming associated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=A.S. Patil (Nadahalli) - MLA from Devar Hippargi (27) Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/mla/a.s.-patil-(nadahalli).html |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, AS}}
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]

{{Karnataka-BJP-politician-stub}}

Sentreng Apanpa

2026-03-31T20:54:30Z

StevieBavin8727: Done

{{Short description|Ancient ruler of pre-historic Kangleipak}}

{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Sentreng
| title = King of Ancient Kangleipak
| image =
| caption = Sentreng and Sandrembi on their way to the royal palace.
| spouse = [[Sandrembi and Chaisra|Sandrembi]]
| issue = Mechi Sana
| era name = Haya Chak era of [[Ancient Kangleipak]]
| era dates = Unknown
| regnal name = Sentreng Apanpa, Sentreng Pakhangba
| father = Korou Nongdren Pakhangba
| dynasty = [[Ancient Kangleipak]]
| mother = Thadon Leima Lairembi
| religion = [[Sanamahism]]
}}

'''Sentreng Apanpa''' was a semi-legendary king in the [[Kangleipak|pre-historical Ancient Kangleipak history]].{{Sfnp|Tensuba, Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais|1993|p=113-114}} He is mentioned in many folklore, especially the [[Sandrembi and Chaisra]] story, in which he was the husband of ''Sandrembi''.{{Sfnp|Beck; Claus; Goshwami; Handoo, Folktales of India|1999|p=161}}{{Sfnp|Meitei; Chaudhuri; Arunkumar, The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|2020|p=349}}

== Family and Kingship ==
Sentreng Apanpa was the youngest son of ''Korou Nongdren Pakhangba'', and Thadon Leima Lairembi. Sentreng's elder brother was ''Kuptreng''. Alternately, Korou Nongdren Pakhangba taught Sentreng the art of leadership, and Kuptreng the art of administration. Therefore, Sentreng became the king of Kangleipung (Manipur), while Kuptreng became the administrator.{{Sfnp|Tensuba, Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais|1993|p=113-114}}

== The Laibungthou System ==
[[File:Sandrembi being taken away by His Highness while Cheisra got jealous of this.jpg|thumb|Sandrembi and Sentreng on their way to the palace.]]
King Sentreng Apanpa's royal court was structured according to a special form of government called the ''Lai-Bung-Thou'', or "Heads of the Phamthous". ''Pham'' refers to a post or position while ''Thou'' can mean duty, labour, or the act of directing and guiding. In modern terms, "Lai-Bung-Thou" means "Head of Department".{{Sfnp|Tensuba, Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais|1993|p=113-114}}

There were nine Laibungthous in total, each regarded as the "God of Phamthous". There were five Phamthous under each Lai-Bung-Thous, creating a total position of sixty-one positions which included the seven kings of the seven clans, represented in the royal court. To ensure that their position and function were immediately identifiable during assemblies and state functions, each Lai-Pung-Thou was given a particular colour and ceremonial attire. The nine designations were: 1) ''Ingouba'' – White; 2) ''Khemaanba'' – Light Black; 3) ''Sangboren'' – Mossy Green; 3) ''Ngaangbaren'' – Bright Red; 4) ''Waobaren'' – Ashy White; 5) ''Leingaanglen'' – Light Red; 6) ''Senmaren'' – Metallic Bright; 7) ''Memaren'' – Bright Brown; 9) ''Ashanba'' – Variegated Colours.{{Sfnp|Tensuba, Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais|1993|p=113-114}}

== Sandrembi-Chaisra folklore ==
{{Main|Sandrembi and Chaisra}}
''Sandrembi'' (or ''Sanaa Rembi'') was the Queen of Sentreng Apanpa.{{Sfnp|Tensuba, Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais|1993|p=113-114}} Sentreng Apanpa ruled in the [[Haya Chak]] era. ''Khulen Ngamba'', one of the king's nobleman had two wives. The elder wife had a daughter named Sandrembi, while the younger wife had a daughter named ''Chaisra''.{{Sfnp|Chakravarty, Bhāratīya Parivāra: Manushya Ke Astitva Ke Lie Vaikalpika Soca|1994|p=186}} Later, the nobleman died and the two wives were left as widows. The elder widow was killed by the younger widow after dropping snakes to the former's mouth, telling her that they were much delicious ones of the fruits they were eating.{{Sfnp|Beck; Claus; Goshwami; Handoo, Folktales of India|1999|p=161}}{{Sfnp|Meitei; Chaudhuri; Arunkumar, The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|2020|p=349}} After the elder widow died, Sandrembi was mistreated by the younger widow and Chaisra.{{Sfnp|Beck; Claus; Goshwami; Handoo, Folktales of India|1999|p=169}}

Later on, they grew up. Sandrembi became beautiful although she was not properly dressed up, while Chaisra became ugly even though she properly dressed up.{{Sfnp|Beck; Claus; Goshwami; Handoo, Folktales of India|1999|p=169}} One day, King Sentreng Apanpa came for hunting and saw the two maidens fetching water by the riverside. Knowing the quality of Sandrembi's beauty, the king decided to take her to the palace and make her the Queen. Later, they lived happily and got a son called ''Mechi Sana'' (''Machi Sana Melei Khomba'' in the story).<ref name="sandrembi">{{Cite web |title=Sandrembi and Chaisra |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Sandrembi_and_Chaisra |access-date=2021-09-03 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Folk Tales of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epsubPageSelector.asp?src=Folk_Tales&sub1=Folks&ch=manipur |website=epao.net}}</ref>

Her stepmother and Chaisra were jealous of her luck. So, the two decided to kill her by inviting her for dinner. Sandrembi came to her parental house with the permission of Sentreng Apanpa. After the dinner, Chaisra dropped Sandrembi's dresses under the bed. When Sandrembi went under the bed to bring the clothes out, her stepmother poured the hottest water over Sandrembi's body. Sandrembi died and got transformed into a pigeon and flew away. Chaisra disguised as Sandrembi and went to the royal palace. The king suspected her because she did not look like Sandrembi who was beautiful as a lily.

=== Revival ===
{{Main|Sandrembi_and_Chaisra#Words_of_the_pigeon|l1 = Sandrembi and Chaisra (#Words of the pigeon, to #Trial by ordeal)}}
Later in the story, Sandrembi was revived from a fruit. There was a quarrel between Sandrembi and Chaisra. Eventually, the king decided to settle the matter through a duel. Chaisra, the defendant, was permitted to fight with a bright, sharp sword, while Sandrembi, the plaintiff, had to use a wooden knife, since she bore the burden of proving her innocence. It was believed that if Sandrembi truly deserved justice, she would win despite wielding only a rusty sword. Chaisra doubted the validity of the [[trial by ordeal]] and hoped to defeat her opponent with a single strike. Her request for the shiny sword was justified. Sandrembi trusted in her innocence and declared, "If I am innocent, may Chaisra’s sword become harmless to me". During the fight, as Chaisra attacked with her sharp sword, Sandrembi remained unharmed. Suddenly, the blunt sword miraculously slipped from Sandrembi’s hand and struck Chaisra’s neck, chopping it off.<ref name="sandrembi" />

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Sangkhuleima and Yangkhuleima.jpg
File:Sangkhuleima pouring the snakes over Yangkhuleima.jpg
File:Sangkhuleima stealing the fishes of Yangkhuleima after killing her.jpg
File:His Highness and his subjects.jpg
File:Sandrembi and Chaisra going to fetch water.jpg
File:Sandrembi and Chaisra going to fetch water 2.jpg
File:Sandrembi being taken away by His Highness while Cheisra got jealous of this.jpg
</gallery>

== Related pages ==

* [[Sandrembi and Chaisra]]
* [[Ancient Kangleipak]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==

* {{Cite book |last=Tensuba |first=Keerti Chand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ |title=Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais |publisher=Inter-India Publications |year=1993 |isbn=9788121003087 |ref={{sfnref|Tensuba, Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais|1993}}}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Brenda E. F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=elder+sandrembi+younger+chaishra&pg=PA161 |title=Folktales of India |last2=Claus |first2=Peter J. |last3=Goswami |first3=Praphulladatta |last4=Handoo |first4=Jawaharlal |date=1999 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04083-7 |ref={{sfnref|Beck; Claus; Goshwami; Handoo, Folktales of India|1999}}}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Meitei |first1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&dq=sanarembi+folktale&pg=PA349 |title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur |last2=Chaudhuri |first2=Sarit K. |last3=Arunkumar |first3=M. C. |date=2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-000-29629-7 |ref={{sfnref|Meitei; Chaudhuri; Arunkumar, The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|2020}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Goshwami |first=Hareshwar |url=https://archive.org/details/hareshwar-goshwami-history-of-the-people-of-manipur |title=History of the People of Manipur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chakravarty |first=Kalyan Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OrwnAAAAYAAJ |title=Bhāratīya Parivāra: Manushya Ke Astitva Ke Lie Vaikalpika Soca |date=1994 |publisher=Indirā Gāndhī Rāshṭrīya Mānava Saṅgrahālaya |ref={{sfnref|Chakravarty, Bhāratīya Parivāra: Manushya Ke Astitva Ke Lie Vaikalpika Soca|1994}}}}

[[Category:Kings of Kangleipak]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]

Hamisha Daryani Ahuja

2026-03-28T04:37:31Z

StevieBavin8727: creating pg!

{{Short description|Indian-Nigerian filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hamisha Daryani-Ahuja
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Hamisha Daryani
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|7|7|df=yes}}<ref name="reuters" />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]],<ref name="oprah" /> India
| alma_mater = [[ACS International Schools|ACS International School]] [[McMaster University]] [[American Academy of Dramatic Arts]]
| spouse = Sailesh Ahuja
| children = 2
| occupation = {{hlist|Producer|director|actress|businesswoman}}
| years_active = 2021–present
}}

'''Hamisha Daryani Ahuja''' (born 7 July 1984) is an Indian<ref name="hci" >{{Cite web |url=https://www.hciabuja.gov.in/pages/MjE4 |title=Cultural Activities |publisher=High Commission of India Abuja, Nigeria |date=7 March 2023 |access-date=22 November 2023 }}</ref> [[film producer]], [[film director|director]], actress and businesswoman based in Nigeria. Ahuja made her directorial and acting debut in the [[Nollywood]]-[[Bollywood]] cross-cultural film ''[[Namaste Wahala]]''.<ref name="imf" >{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2021/06/streaming-video-services-flood-emerging-markets-behsudi |title=From Stream To Flood |website=IMF |last=Beshudi |first=Adam |date=June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604215644/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2021/06/streaming-video-services-flood-emerging-markets-behsudi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="oprah" >{{Cite web |url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/tv-movies/a36731188/hamisha-daryani-ahuja-namaste-wahala-interview/ |title=Why Director Hamisha Daryani Ahuja Wants More Movies About Cross-Cultural Love |website=Oprah Daily |last=Narang |first=Nimarta |date=16 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726222329/https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/tv-movies/a36731188/hamisha-daryani-ahuja-namaste-wahala-interview/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lsasia" >{{Cite web |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/the-movie-was-intentionally-cliche-says-namaste-wahala-director-hamisha-daryani-ahuja/ |title="The movie was intentionally cliché," says 'Namaste Wahala' director Hamisha Daryani Ahuja |website=Lifestyle Asia |last=Kalsi |first=Harleen |date=20 February 2021 |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301043619/https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/the-movie-was-intentionally-cliche-says-namaste-wahala-director-hamisha-daryani-ahuja/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="reuters" >{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-film-bollywood-idUSKBN2AC17T |title=Nollywood meets Bollywood in love tale 'Namaste Wahala' |website=Reuters |last=Chile |first=Nneka |date=12 February 2021 |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108032329/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-film-bollywood-idUSKBN2AC17T |url-status=live }}</ref> She also runs a chain of restaurants in Lagos.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 2016 |title=Hamisha Daryani-Ahuja |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/my-africa-podcast-hamisha-daryani-ahuja-episode-53/28jcjld |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209030643/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/my-africa-podcast-hamisha-daryani-ahuja-episode-53/28jcjld |archive-date=9 February 2020 |access-date=4 June 2022 |newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=#LLAInterview: “The way to handle failure is move on, keep going, don’t stop” – Hamisha Daryani Ahuja, Producer of critically acclaimed ‘Namaste Wahala’ |url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/ladyboss-the-way-to-handle-failure-is-move-on-keep-going-dont-stop-hamisha-daryani-ahuja-film-producer-entrepreneur-motivational-speaker-and-author/ |access-date=8 March 2024 |website=Leading Ladies Africa}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Ahuja was born in [[Mumbai]] to a third-generation Indian-origin [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] family based in Nigeria.<ref name="imf" /><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Namaste Wahala: A Fusion of Bollywood and Nollywood |magazine=This Day |date=20 February 2021 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20210220/281646782852945 |via=[[PressReader]] |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604215443/https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20210220/281646782852945 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her family moved to Nigeria when she was two years old and she grew up in [[Lagos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/weelevateafrica/reel/DDboAVMoQNA/|title=@hamishadaryaniahuja reminded us that Africans, like Indians, hold the weight of a thousand untold stories—rich, layered, and unapologetically ours. But the power lies in telling them authentically, without filters or borrowed lenses. The world doesn’t need another version of us; it needs the raw, unvarnished truth of who we are. She reminded us it wasn’t about finding our voice—it was about reclaiming it. Thank you @hamishadaryaniahuja @oloriatuwatseiii|publisher=[[Instagram]] (Elevate Africa)|date=11 December 2024}}</ref> She attended [[ACS International Schools|ACS International School]], [[Cobham, Surrey|Cobham]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.acs-schools.com/hamisha-daryani-ahuja-acs-cobham-1997-2002 |title=HAMISHA DARYANI AHUJA, ACS COBHAM, 1997-2002 |website=ACS Schools |access-date=4 June 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[McMaster University]], [[Ontario]], and [[American Academy of Dramatic Arts]], New York, where she studied acting.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/namaste-wahala-a-new-netflix-release-brings-together-india-and-nigeria-121022600028_1.html |title=Namaste Wahala, a new Netflix release, brings together India and Nigeria |website=Business Standard |last=Modi |first=Chintan Girish |date=26 February 2021 |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511091731/https://www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/namaste-wahala-a-new-netflix-release-brings-together-india-and-nigeria-121022600028_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Ahuja runs her production company Forever 7 Entertainment and also made her filmmaking debut as a director and actress in the 2021 film [[Namaste Wahala|''Namaste Wahala'']], a cross-cultural venture of the Nigerian film industry [[Nollywood]] and the Indian film industry, [[Bollywood]].<ref name="oprah" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/feb/24/with-love-from-nigeria-namaste-wahala-filmmakerhamisha-daryani-ahuja-on-her-journey-2268026.html |title=With love, from Nigeria: 'Namaste Wahala' filmmaker Hamisha Daryani Ahuja on her journey |website=The New Indian Express |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=24 February 2021 |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304070806/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2021/feb/24/with-love-from-nigeria-namaste-wahala-filmmakerhamisha-daryani-ahuja-on-her-journey-2268026.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lsasia" /> The project was a venture to combine elements of both Bollywood and Nollywood, which Ahuja used to create a love story between the two film industries.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Aisha Salaudeen|title=Bollywood and Nollywood collide in a tale of a big fat Indian-Nigerian wedding|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/24/africa/nollywood-and-bollywood-namaste-wahala/index.html|access-date=2021-02-12|website=CNN|archive-date=8 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108060247/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/24/africa/nollywood-and-bollywood-namaste-wahala/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahuja's debut film 'Namaste Wahala' is a tale of cross-cultural love affair|url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/culture/2021/02/13/ahuja-debut-film-namaste-wahala-is-a-tale-of-cross-cultural-love-affair|access-date=2021-02-15|website=www.gulftoday.ae|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127165750/https://www.gulftoday.ae/culture/2021/02/13/ahuja-debut-film-namaste-wahala-is-a-tale-of-cross-cultural-love-affair|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ahuja is bringing to the big screen a film starring Nollywood superstar [[Sola Sobowale]], also known as "Toyin Tomato," and Samuel Perry, better known as "[[Broda Shaggi]]," in an effort to further promote the partnership between the Nollywood and Bollywood film industries. The director has promised fans that her newest project will surpass her first one, even though other information are still being kept under wraps.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-13 |title=Sola Sobowale Lands First Bollywood Role |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/sola-sobowale-lands-first-bollywood-role/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-07-19 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US |archive-date=18 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718141340/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/sola-sobowale-lands-first-bollywood-role/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Ahuja's next venture [[Postcards (Netflix series)|''Postcards'']] was released in 2024. It follows the lives of four Nigerians who discover love, acceptance, and prosperity in India after embarking on individual journeys of self-discovery whilst conquering their fears.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lights, Camera, Collaboration: The Filmmaker Bridging Nollywood And Bollywood |url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/entrepreneurs/2024/04/30/lights-camera-collaboration-the-filmmaker-bridging-nollywood-and-bollywood/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Forbes Africa }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Director !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Namaste Wahala]]'' || {{yes}} || Leila || [[Nollywood]]-[[Bollywood]] debut, [[Netflix]]
|}

===TV Series===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Director !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Postcards (Netflix series)|Postcards]]'' || {{yes}} || Film Producer|| [[Netflix]]
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award ceremony
!Prize
!Film
!Result
!Ref
|-
| 2022
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]]
|Best Director of the Year
|''[[Namaste Wahala]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021 |access-date=2022-03-26 |archive-date=20 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420042154/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|11624112}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahuja, Hamisha Daryani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Sindhi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian restaurateurs]]
[[Category:Actresses from Lagos]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Lagos]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:McMaster University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Nigerian people of Sindhi descent]]
[[Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]

My Dear Bootham (TV series)

2026-03-26T12:20:08Z

StevieBavin8727: adding

{{Short description|India television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = My Dear Bootham (TV series).jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Supernatural fiction|Supernatural]]
| creator =
| showrunner =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| teleplay =
| story =
| director = K. Shanmugham
| presenter =
| starring =
{{plainlist|
*Naga Kannan
*[[My Dear Bootham Abhilash|Abhilash]]
*[[Master Bharath]]
*Gowtham
*[[Nivetha Thomas]]
* Haritha
}}
| theme_music_composer = X. Paulraj
| music =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons =
| num_series =
| num_episodes = 914<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-maya-machinthra-to-my-dear-bootham-most-loved-tv-shows-of-90s-kids/photostory/109034666.cms|title=From Maya Machinthra to My Dear Bootham: Most-loved TV shows of '90s kids|date=4 April 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722081557/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-maya-machinthra-to-my-dear-bootham-most-loved-tv-shows-of-90s-kids/photostory/109034666.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| list_episodes =
| runtime =
| company =
| network = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2004|05|03}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2007|11|30}}
}}
'''''My Dear Bootham''''' ({{Translation|My dear genie}}) is a 2004-2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Supernatural fiction|supernatural]] television series directed by K. Shanmugham.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ACq6EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22My+Dear+Bootham%22+serial&pg=PT99 | isbn=978-1-78678-830-6 | title=Ghosts, Monsters and Demons of India | date=12 September 2023 | publisher=Watkins Media Limited | access-date=28 June 2024 | archive-date=22 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722081542/https://books.google.com/books?id=ACq6EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22My+Dear+Bootham%22+serial&pg=PT99#v=onepage&q=%22My%20Dear%20Bootham%22%20serial&f=false | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=சக்திமான் மட்டுமா? இந்த சீரியல்களையும் போடுங்க! போராடும் 90ஸ் கிட்ஸ் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/sakthiman-marmadesam-my-dear-bootham-lollu-sabha-and-more-tv-serials-favourite-of-90s-kids/articleshow/74886288.cms |website=[[Samayam]] |language=ta |access-date=2024-06-26 |archive-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722081543/https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/sakthiman-marmadesam-my-dear-bootham-lollu-sabha-and-more-tv-serials-favourite-of-90s-kids/articleshow/74886288.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzRLAQAAIAAJ&q=%22My+Dear+Bootham%22 | title=Variety Cinema Directory: Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi Information on Cinema & Video Industry | date=2005 | publisher=Best Media Associates (India) | access-date=2024-06-28 | archive-date=2024-07-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722081559/https://books.google.com/books?id=gzRLAQAAIAAJ&q=%22My+Dear+Bootham%22 | url-status=live }}</ref> The series starred Naga Kannan, [[My Dear Bootham Abhilash|Abhilash]], [[Master Bharath]], Gowtham, [[Nivetha Thomas]] and Haritha.<ref name="TOI"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/100892-my-dear-bootham-serial-child-artists-then-and-now|title='மை டியர் பூதம்' சீரியல் குட்டீஸ் இப்போ என்ன பண்றாங்க தெரியுமா?|first=உ சுதர்சன்|last=காந்தி|date=August 31, 2017|website=Ananda Vikatan|language=ta|access-date=June 26, 2024|archive-date=July 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722082048/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/100892-my-dear-bootham-serial-child-artists-then-and-now|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
Moosa and his family were a part of the Bhootham family. Moosa and his family come to rescue his friends when they are harmed by their enemies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/a-rewind-on-90s-kids-top-nostalgia-serials|title=நெட்ஃப்ளிக்ஸ், ப்ரைமுக்கெல்லாம் முன்னாடி நம் நாஸ்டால்ஜி சீரியல்ஸ்!|first=ச|last=ஆனந்தப்பிரியா|date=12 April 2020|language=ta|website=[[Ananda Vikatan]]|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722081440/https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/a-rewind-on-90s-kids-top-nostalgia-serials|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[My Dear Bootham Abhilash|Abhilash]] as Moosa
*[[Master Bharath]](1–411)&(455–914)/Unknown(412–455) as Balu
*Gowtham as Gowtham (1–914)
*[[Nivetha Thomas]] as Gowri
* Haritha as Sandhya
* Naga Kannan as Bootham
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Moosa's grandmother
* Sangeetha Balan as Moosa's mother
*[[Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]]/Unknown as Alavudeen/Moosa's grandfather
*[[Vaiyapuri]] as Kittu
* [[Priyadharshini]]
* [[S. Rajasekar]] as Police Inspector Gowri and Gowtham's father
* Srikala Paramasivam
* [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]]
* [[Rajkamal (actor)|Rajkamal]]
* Latha Rao
* [[Sanjeev Venkat]]
*[[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Mugamboo
*Gowthami Vembunathan
*[[King Kong (actor)|King Kong]] as Sathyam
*[[Thavakalai Chittibabu]] as Kullan
*[[T. P. Gajendran]]
*Manohar as Raghu

== Production ==
The series was one amongst many to feature CGI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2004 |title=திரைப்படத்துறையில் |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2004-06-13/kalki2004-06-13.pdf |access-date=26 June 2024 |work=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=82–85 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> While acting in the serial, Abhilash received several film offers but denied them in order to continue working on the show since it is what gave him his identity.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Prasad|first1=G|title=New kid on the blocks|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/new-kid-on-the-blocks/article3192075.ece|accessdate=26 January 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 May 2006|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019184753/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/new-kid-on-the-blocks/article3192075.ece|archive-date=19 October 2021}}</ref>

==Music==
The music was composed by X. Paulraj.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.amazon.in/albums/B07569G285|title=My Dear Bootham - T.V. Serial|work=[[Amazon Music]]|date=31 July 2012|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722081955/https://music.amazon.in/albums/B07569G285|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = My Dear Bootham Ne
| extra1 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], Vyshali, Nirmal Sidhu, Kiran, Sruthi, X. Paulraj and Dr. Kiruthiya
| length1 = 4:04
| total_length = 4:04
}}

== Reception ==
In a retrospective review in 2024, a writer from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The juxtaposition of the ghostly realm with the nuances of human life lent the series a distinctive charm, making it a household favorite" and added that the "impeccable performances [of the cast], coupled with engaging storytelling, propelled the series to acclaim and ensured its enduring popularity" and concluded that it "left an indelible imprint on the landscape of Indian television, earning a devoted following that transcended generations. Its blend of supernatural elements, humor, and heartwarming moments resonated with viewers, cementing its status as a timeless classic".<ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reviving-memories-revisiting-the-iconic-90s-show-my-dear-bootham-a-look-at-the-cast-interesting-facts-and-more/articleshow/109026417.cms|title=Reviving Memories: Revisiting the iconic 90's show 'My Dear Bootham'; A look at the cast, interesting facts and more|date=4 April 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722081600/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reviving-memories-revisiting-the-iconic-90s-show-my-dear-bootham-a-look-at-the-cast-interesting-facts-and-more/articleshow/109026417.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/aug-08-01/kushboo-09-08-08.html|title=Kushboo awarded|date=9 August 2008|work=Behindwoods|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722082053/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/aug-08-01/kushboo-09-08-08.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Best Child Artiste - [[Master Bharath]]<ref name="B"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2000s Tamil-language television series]]

Tri-Nation Series (India)

2026-03-19T03:03:02Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{Short description|International football tournament}}
{{Infobox football tournament
| logo =
| caption =
| organiser = [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2017}}
| region = India
| teams = 3
| current champions = {{fb|India}} (2nd title)
| most successful team = {{fb|India}} (2 titles)
| current = [[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2026]]
}}

The '''Tri-Nation Series''' is a 3-team [[association football]] tournament organised by the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF). It was launched as a replacement for the [[Nehru Cup]] with the first edition held in [[2017 Hero Tri-Nation Series|2017]],<ref name="Tri-nation Series">{{cite news|title=India face Mauritius in Tri-nation Series on August 19|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-face-mauritius-in-hero-tri-nation-series-on-august-19/articleshow/60006886.cms|newspaper=Times of India|date=10 August 2017 |accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=All Whites squad named for Intercontinental Cup|url=https://www.nzfootball.co.nz/newsarticle/63061|publisher=New Zealand Football|access-date=15 July 2022|archive-date=14 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714220054/https://www.nzfootball.co.nz/newsarticle/63061|url-status=live}}</ref> and won by [[India national football team|India]].<ref name="India win">{{cite web|last1=Sengupta|first1=Bihan|title=India win Tri-nation football series after draw with St Kitts & Nevis|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-win-tri-nation-football-series-after-draw-with-st-kitts-nevis/story-WdKX3UB7bXqsTft3OizSMI.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="AIFF’s multi-million splurge">{{cite web|last1=Sarmah|first1=Bhargab|title=AIFF's multi-million splurge on tri-nation football series defies logic|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/aiff-s-multi-million-splurge-on-tri-nation-football-series-defies-logic/story-VMgLzdpk05due44ue4hBiK.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref>

==Results==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!Year!!Host!!Winner!!Runner-up!!3rd place
|-
|2017 ''[[2017 Tri-Nation Series (India)|Details]]''
|[[Mumbai]]
|'''{{fb-big|India}}'''
|{{fb-big|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|{{fb-big|Mauritius}}
|-
|2023 ''[[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|Details]]''
|[[Imphal]]
|'''{{fb-big|India}}'''
|{{fb-big|Myanmar}}
|{{fb-big|Kyrgyzstan}}
|-
|2026 ''[[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|Details]]''
|[[Yupia]]
|
|
|
|-
|}

==Medal summary==
{{Medals table
| caption =
| host =
| flag_template = fb
| event =
| team =
| gold_IND = 2 | silver_IND = 0 | bronze_IND = 0
| gold_SKN = 0 | silver_SKN = 1 | bronze_SKN = 0
| gold_MYA = 0 | silver_MYA = 1 | bronze_MYA = 0
| gold_MRI = 0 | silver_MRI = 0 | bronze_MRI = 1
| gold_KGZ = 0 | silver_KGZ = 0 | bronze_KGZ = 1
}}

==See also==
* [[Nehru Cup]]
* [[Intercontinental Cup (India)|AIFF Intercontinental Cup]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/article/hero-tri-nation-football-series-to-be-held-in-mumbai Tri-Nation Series]

{{Football in India}}
{{Friendly association football tournaments in Asia}}

[[Category:International association football competitions hosted by India]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2017]]
[[Category:Men's international association football invitational tournaments]]

{{India-footy-competition-stub}}

List of districts of Punjab, India

2026-03-16T11:19:37Z

StevieBavin8727: updated page

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
[[File:Punjab district map.png|thumb|280x280px|23 districts of Punjab along with their headquarters as of 2023.]]
A district of the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] state of [[India]] is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a [[District magistrate|District Magistrate]] or Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the [[Indian Administrative Service]]. The District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to [[Punjab Public Service Commission (India)|Punjab Civil Service]] and other state services. There are 23 Districts in Punjab, after [[Malerkotla district]] bifurcated from [[Sangrur district]] as the 23rd district on 14 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/malerkotla-to-be-punjabs-23rd-district-capt-amarinders-eid-gift-for-muslims-252772 | title=Malerkotla to be Punjab's 23rd district; Capt Amarinder's Eid gift |language=en |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | date=14 May 2021 | accessdate=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024104511/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/malerkotla-to-be-punjabs-23rd-district-capt-amarinders-eid-gift-for-muslims-252772|archive-date=24 October 2022}}</ref>

==Overview==
[[Superintendent of Police (India)|Senior Superintendent of Police]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Police Service]] is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues in the districts of the state. He is assisted by the officers of the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] and other services.

Division Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the [[Indian Forest Service]] is responsible for managing the forests, environment and wildlife related issues of the districts. He is assisted by the officers of the [[Department of Forest and Wildlife (Punjab)|Department of Forest and Wildlife]].

Sectoral development is looked after by the district head of each development sector such as Irrigation, PwD (Public works department), Agriculture, Health, Education, Animal husbandry, etc. These offices belong to various state services.

==List==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
! S. No.
! Code<ref name=distcodes>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mail.nic.in/docs/MailService_e-mail_address_Policy_WithCodes.pdf
|format = PDFi
|title = NIC Policy on format of e-mail Address: Appendix (2): Districts Abbreviations as per ISO 3166–2
|pages = 5–10
|publisher = [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry Of Communications and Information Technology]], Government of India
|date = 2004-08-18
|access-date = 2008-11-24
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170619143030/https://www.mail.nic.in/docs/MailService_e-mail_address_Policy_WithCodes.pdf
|archive-date = 2017-06-19
}}</ref>
! District
! Headquarters
! Population (2011)
! Area (km2)<ref>{{cite web|title=Districts of Punjab - Area & Population|url=http://www.punjabdata.com/Districts-of-Punjab.aspx|access-date=17 November 2016}}</ref>
! Density (/km2)
! Highlighted Map
|-
| 1
| AM
| [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]]
| [[Amritsar]]
| 2,490,891
| 2,647
| 932
| [[File:Amritsar in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 2
| BNL
| [[Barnala district|Barnala]]
| [[Barnala]]
| 596,294
| 1,410
| 419
| [[File:Barnala in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 3
| BA
| [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
| [[Bathinda]]
| 1,388,859
| 3,385
| 414
| [[File:Bathinda in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 4
| FR
| [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| [[Faridkot, Punjab|Faridkot]]
| 618,008
| 1,469
| 424
| [[File:Faridkot in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 5
| FT
| [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]]
| [[Fatehgarh Sahib]]
| 599,814
| 1,180
| 508
| [[File:Fatehgarh Sahib in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 6
| FI
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
| [[Firozpur]]
| 965,337
| 2,190
| 440
| [[File:Firozpur in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 7
| FA
| [[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]<ref name="auto">Fazilka district was formed in 2011, no data in census 2011 on this district</ref>
| [[Fazilka]]
| 1,180,483
| 3,113
| 379
| [[File:Fazilka in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 8
| GU
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
| [[Gurdaspur]]
| 2,299,026
| 2,635
| 872
| [[File:Gurdaspur in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 9
| HO
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
| [[Hoshiarpur]]
| 1,582,793
| 3,365
| 466
| [[File:India - Punjab - Hoshiarpur.svg|200px]]
|-
| 10
| JA
| [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| [[Jalandhar]]
| 2,181,753
| 2,632
| 831
| [[File:India - Punjab - Jalandhar.svg|200px]]
|-
| 11
| KA
| [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]
| [[Kapurthala]]
| 817,668
| 1,632
| 501
| [[File:India - Punjab - Kapurthala.svg|200px]]
|-
| 12
| LU
| [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]]
| [[Ludhiana]]
| 3,487,882
| 3,767
| 975
| [[File:India - Punjab - Ludhiana.svg|200px]]
|-
| 13
| ML
| [[Malerkotla district|Malerkotla]]
| [[Malerkotla]]
| 452,016
| 837
| 540
| [[File:Malerkotla in Punjab (India).svg|center|222x222px]]
|-
| 14
| MA
| [[Mansa district, India|Mansa]]
| [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]
| 768,808
| 2,171
| 350
| [[File:India - Punjab - Mansa.svg|200px]]
|-
| 15
| MO
| [[Moga district|Moga]]
| [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]]
| 992,289
| 2,216
| 444
| [[File:India - Punjab - Moga.svg|200px]]
|-
| 16
| MU
| [[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Muktsar Sahib]]
| [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]]
| 902,702
| 2,615
| 348
| [[File:India - Punjab - Muktsar.svg|200px]]
|-
| 17
| PA
| [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]
| [[Pathankot]]
| 676,598
| 929
| 728
| [[File:India - Punjab - Pathankot.svg|200px]]
|-
| 18
| PA
| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
| [[Patiala]]
| 1,892,282
| 3,218
| 596
| [[File:India - Punjab - Patiala.svg|200px]]
|-
| 19
| RU
| [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
| [[Rupnagar]]
| 683,349
| 1,369
| 488
| [[File:Rupnagar in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 20
| SAS
| [[Mohali district|Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar]]
| [[Mohali]]
| 986,147
| 1,093
| 830
| [[File:India - Punjab - Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar.svg|200px]]
|-
| 21
| SA
| [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
| [[Sangrur]]
| 1,203,153
| 2,848
| 422
| [[File:India - Punjab - Sangrur.svg|200px]]
|-
| 22
| NS
| [[Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar]]
| [[Nawanshahr]]
| 614,362
| 1,267
| 478
| [[File:Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar in Punjab (India).svg|200px]]
|-
| 23
| TT
| [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]]
| [[Tarn Taran Sahib]]
| 1,120,070
| 2,449
| 464
| [[File:India - Punjab - Tarn Taran.svg|200px]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category-inline|Districts of Punjab, India}}

{{Districts of India}}

[[Category:Districts of Punjab, India| ]]
[[Category:Punjab, India-related lists|District]]
[[Category:Lists of districts in India|Punjab, India]]

Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley

2026-03-12T13:07:54Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{Short description|Anthropologist from British India (1874–1941)}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = L. S. S. O'Malley
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Lewis Sydney Steward O’Malley
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1874|10|23}}
| birth_place = Flitcham, Freebridge Lynn, Norfolk, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1941|1874|}}
| death_place = [[Oxford, Oxfordshire]], England.
| resting_place =
| alma_mater = [[Hertford College, Oxford]] (B. A.)
| occupation =
| spouse = {{marriage|Ida Sewell Prichard|1900}}
| children =
| signature =
| notable_works = Bengal District Gazetteers
| period = 1898–1924
| movement =
}}

'''Lewis Sydney Steward O’Malley''', also known as '''L. S. S. O'Malley''' (1874–1941), one of the most esteemed colonial, 'official' [[Anthropologist|anthropologists]] in [[British India]], served as a member of the [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS) from 1898 to 1924.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fuller |first1=Chris |title=An Anthropologist and Historian Ahead of His Time: L. S. S. O'Malley in British India {{!}} Bérose |url=https://www.berose.fr/article2913.html?lang=en |language=en |access-date=2024-12-11 |archive-date=2024-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222112646/https://www.berose.fr/article2913.html?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley was born on October 23, 1874, in Flitcham, Freebridge Lynn, Norfolk, England, to Bryan O'Malley, a minister. He married Ida Sewell Prichard on November 24, 1900, at the Cathedral in [[Calcutta]], [[India]]. He died in 1941 in [[Oxford]], Oxfordshire, [[England]]. O'Malley served as a British Civil Servant in India and received his education at Norwich Grammar School and Hertford College, Oxford, where he earned his B.A.

In 1898, he joined the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and spent several years working as a Magistrate and Collector in [[Bengal]]. He later served in the General and Revenue Departments in Bengal. He retired in 1924 with the honor of Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (C.I.E.).

Throughout his career, O'Malley published numerous works, including the ''[[Bengal District Gazetteers]]'' for [[Santal Parganas]] and [[Purnia district|Purnea]], for which he was the editor. He also authored ''Indian Caste Customs'' in 1934, ''Popular [[Hinduism]]'' in 1935, and ''Modern India and the West'' in 1941.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fable | Stories for everyone |url=https://fable.co/author/l-s-s-omalley |website=fable.co}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fuller |first1=Chris |title=An Anthropologist and Historian Ahead of His Time: L. S. S. O'Malley in British India {{!}} Bérose |url=https://www.berose.fr/article2913.html?lang=en |language=en |access-date=2024-12-11 |archive-date=2024-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222112646/https://www.berose.fr/article2913.html?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Books and Articles==

*Baden-Powell, B. H. 1896. The Indian Village Community. London: Longmans.
*Blunt, E. A. H. 1931. The Caste System of Northern India. London: Oxford University Press.
*Crooke, W. 1896a. The Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, 4 vols. Calcutta: Government Printing.
*Crooke, W. 1896b. The Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India, 2 vols. London: Archibald Constable.
*Dumont, Louis. 1970 (1967). Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and its Implications. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
*Fuller, C. J. 2016. Colonial Anthropology and the Decline of the Raj: Caste, Religion and Political Change in India in the Early Twentieth Century. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 26, 3: 463–86.
*Fuller, C. J. 2022. Ethnography and Racial Theory in the British Raj: The Anthropological Work of H. H. Risley. BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris.
*Fuller, C. J. 2023. Colonial Ethnography and Theories of Caste in Late-Nineteenth-Century India. BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris.
*Hunter, W. W., ed. 1875-7. A Statistical Account of Bengal, 20 vols. London: Trübner.
*Mandelbaum, David G. 1970. Society in India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
*O’Malley, L. S. S. 1903. Gayā Çrāddha and Gayāwāls. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 72, pt. 3: 1–11.
*O’Malley, L. S. S. 1906. Gaya (Bengal District Gazetteers, vol. 3). Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot.
*O’Malley, L. S. S. 1931. The Indian Civil Service, 1601-1930. London: John Murray.
*O’Malley, L. S. S. 1932. Indian Caste Customs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*O’Malley, L. S. S. 1934. India’s Social Heritage. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
*O’Malley, L. S. S. 1935. Popular Hinduism: The Religion of the Masses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*O’Malley, L. S. S.(ed.) 1941. Modern India and the West: A Study of the Interactions of their Civilizations. London: Oxford University Press.
*Parry, Jonathan P. 1994. Death in Banaras. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*Risley, H. H. 1891. The Tribes and Castes of Bengal: Ethnographic Glossary, 2 vols. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press.
*Senart, Émile. 1930 (1896). Caste in India: The Facts and the System (trans. E. Denison Ross). London: Methuen.
*Spear, T. G. P. 1961. British Historical Writing in the Era of the Nationalist Movements, in C. H. Philips, ed., Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon, 404-15. London: Oxford University Press.
*Srinivas, M. N. 1996. Social Change in Modern India. Berkeley: University of California Press.

==Census Reports==
*Census of India, 1911, vol. 1, India, pt. 1, Report, by E. A. Gait. Calcutta, 1913.
*Census of India, 1911, vol. 5, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and Sikhim, pt. 1, Report, by L. S. S. O’Malley. Calcutta, 1913.
*Census of India, 1911, vol. 15, The United Provinces and Oudh, pt. 1, Report, by E. A. H. Blunt. Allahabad, 1912.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|Author:Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley}}
*{{commons category-inline|}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:OMalley, Lewis Sydney Steward}}
[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:19th-century anthropologists]]
[[Category:20th-century anthropologists]]

Mawai, Ayodhya

2026-03-11T18:41:41Z

StevieBavin8727: adding!

{{Short description|Town in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mawai
| type = Town
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = center
| pushpin_map_alt = Mawai on Google Maps
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ayodhya division|Ayodhya]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Ayodhya district|Ayodhya]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Rudauli]]
| subdivision_type6 = [[Community development block|Block]]
| subdivision_name6 = Mawai
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 =
| demographics1_title3 = Regional language
| demographics1_info3 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]

| population_demonym =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 224117
| registration_plate = UP-42
| website = {{URL|ayodhya.nic.in/}}
| population_footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Mawai''' is a town in Rudauli tehsil of [[Ayodhya district]] in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Ayodhya - Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://ayodhya.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is 58 km west of district headquarters [[Ayodhya]] city. Mawai is also a big market of Ayodhya.

Pin code of Mawai is 224117.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAWAI Pin Code - 224117, Rudaui All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search FAIZABAD Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/uttar-pradesh/faizabad/mawai-pincode-224117.html |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

==Administration==
[[File:Mawai Ayodhya.jpg|thumb|Mawai Police station]]
There is Police station in Mawai town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police {{!}} District Ayodhya - Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://ayodhya.nic.in/police/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mawai is also a block in Ayodhya district for the development of the villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subdivision & Blocks {{!}} District Ayodhya - Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://ayodhya.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Ayodhya district]]

{{Ayodhya-geo-stub}}

Bajwara

2026-03-11T02:08:24Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

'''Bajwara''' is a suburb town of [[Hoshiarpur]] city in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]].<ref>Page 476, World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Gaṅgā Rām Garg, Concept Publishing Company, 1 January 1984 - Arya-Samaj</ref><ref>Punjab District Gazetteers: Supplement, Punjab (India), Controller of Print. and Stationery, 1980</ref> It is birthplace of [[Mata Sundri]], first wife of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]. This is also the birthplace of Sher Shah Suri, Todar Mal from the Jerath family, and Mahatama Hansraj.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=5 July 2025 |title=Punjab's Bajwara Fort crumbles as authorities remain indifferent |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/bajwara-fort-crumbles-as-authorities-remain-indifferent/ |access-date=23 December 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref>

==History==
Bajwara had been founded by three immigrants from Ghazni, one of whom was a singer named Baju Baora, whose name would be given to the settlement.<ref name=":2">GANIE, Y. Y. (2024). Town Formation in Punjab: A Study of Punjab Under Sultanate Rule. ''South India Journal of Social Sciences'', ''22''(4), page 174. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.62656/SIJSS.v22i4.1556</nowiki></ref> It was site of a battle between Raja [[Jasrat]] and Allahdad Kaka, governor of [[Lahore]] of [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 1432, who was defeated and forced to flee.<ref>{{Cite journal|author-link=K. S. Lal |last=Lal |first=K. S. |date=1958 |title=Jasrat Khokhar |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145212 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=21 |pages=274–281 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> As per an account found in the ''[[District Gazetteer|Hoshiarpur District Gazatteer]]'', the area of Bajwara was historically larger than its present-day size, consisting of eighteen miles in circumference, however its size was reduced by [[Todar Mal]], an official of Akbar's court.<ref name=":2" /> The reason for reducing its size was a punishment, as Todar Mal did not feel he was extended a warm welcome by the residents when he was travelling through the locality en-route to the [[Kangra Fort]].<ref name=":2" />

This place got redeveloped till the 18th century before it came into the initiation of [[Jat]] [[Sikh]] ruler [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] who trivially commissioned the founding stone of Bajwara fort. Bajwara was a popular trading centre between Bukhra and Delhi. Bajwara consisted of 22 Bassi villages.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Mata Sunder Kaur Gurdwara Bajwara Hoshiarpur.JPG|Birth and marriage place of [[Mata Sundri]]
File:Bajwara Fort Hoshiarpur.jpg|[[Bajwara Fort]], Hoshiarpur
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|31|30|54|N|75|56|58|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

{{Hoshiarpur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hoshiarpur district]]
[[Category:Sikh architecture]]

{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

Sanjog (1972 film)

2026-03-03T23:37:56Z

StevieBavin8727: Info

{{short description|1972 film by S. S. Balan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sanjog
| image = Sanjog (1972).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[S. S. Balan]]
| producer = Ayaz Ali Shaikh
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Mala Sinha]] [[Amitabh Bachchan]] [[Aruna Irani]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1972|2|25}}<ref>[https://indiancine.ma/documents/QFR/2 Sanjog Releasing on 25th February in Bombay and Suburbs]</ref>
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Sanjog''''' ({{Translation|Destiny}}) is a 1972 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[S. S. Balan]]. The film stars [[Mala Sinha]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and [[Aruna Irani]] in the lead roles. It is a remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Iru Kodugal]]'' directed by [[K. Balachander]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/india/ek-duje-ke-liye-director-guru-of-rajini-no-more/503846 |title=Ek Duje Ke Liye director & guru of Rajini no more |date=24 December 2014 |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |access-date=21 April 2018}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Mohan ([[Amitabh Bachchan]]) falls in love with Asha ([[Mala Sinha]]) and they get married in temple. The marriage is not accepted by Mohan's mother and the couple gets separated. Asha is pregnant and her father Shiv Dayal ([[Madan Puri]]), realising that no man will marry Asha second time, decides to make her a collector. Mohan meanwhile had moved to South India, where he later married Seema ([[Aruna Irani]]) as he was informed through his parents that Asha died. They live a happy life with their two children and Seema's father ([[Nazir Hussain]]). Mohan works as a clerk in the collector's office. A new collector arrives at the office, and it turns out to be Asha. They tend to work together and Mansukh ([[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]]) with his friends spread a rumour across stating that there is an affair between Asha and Mohan. This rumour reaches Seema and she is completely disturbed. Seema discovers the secret of Mohan's affair with Asha. After much turmoil, Seema finds out that Asha and Mohan had married 10 year back before her marriage to Mohan. In this, while saving Seema when she wanted to die, Asha dies. Asha gives her eyes to Seema, whose eye-sight went in the accident in which Asha died. The ending scenes show Mohan, Seema, her father, Asha's father, and three kids (two Seema's and one Asha's) altogether paying homage to Asha.

== Cast ==
*[[Mala Sinha]] as Asha
*[[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Mohan<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lokapally|first=Vijay|date=22 December 2016|title=Sanjog (1972)|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Sanjog-1972/article16926488.ece|access-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>
*[[Aruna Irani]] as Seema
*[[Madan Puri]] as Shiv Dayal
*[[Nazir Hussain]] as Seema's Father
*[[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]] as Mansukh
*[[Keshto Mukherjee]] as Mohan's father
*[[Ramesh Deo]] as Hospital Doctor
*[[Malika Askari|Malika]] as Mala

== Soundtrack ==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Roop Yeh Tera Jisne Banaya"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Ek Do Teen Char"
| Kishore Kumar
|-
| "Kisi Gul Ki Yeh Kismat Hai"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Man Mandir Mein Preet Ka Dera Na Hi Koi Duja"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|}

== Reception ==
''Film World'' wrote, "Had Balan stuck to the original Tamil version [''Iru Kodugal''] instead of padding the proceedings with the stuff that is supposed to spell box office in Hindi Cinema, ''Sanjog'' would have been a passable entertainer. Mukhram Sharma's screenplay is old-fashioned, trite and incoherent. The direction is missing."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnhTAAAAYAAJ&q=Iru+Kadugal |title=Film World |year=1972 |editor-last=Ramachandran |editor-first=T. M. |volume=8 |pages=40}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0069218}}

{{Gemini Studios}}

[[Category:1972 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1972 Indian films]]
[[Category:1972 drama films]]
[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Premistunnaa

2026-03-03T09:08:54Z

StevieBavin8727: started a info

{{Short description|2025 Indian Telugu film by Bhanu Shankar}}
{{expand Telugu|ప్రేమిస్తున్నా|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Premistunnaa
| image = Premistunnaa.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Bhanu Shankar
| producer = Kanaka Durga Rao Pappula
| writer = Bhanu Shankar
| starring = {{plain list|
* Sathvik Varma
* Preethi Neha
}}
| music = Siddharth Salur
| cinematography = [[Samala Bhasker]]
| editing = Sirish Prasad
| studio = IBM Production House LLP
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|11|7}}
| runtime =
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Premistunnaa''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by Bhanu Shankar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-05-12 |title=Bhanu’s next film titled Premisthunna |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/May/12/bhanus-next-film-titled-premisthunna |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The film stars Sathvik Varma and Preethi Neha in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-05-11 |title=‘Premisthunna’ promises a refreshing take on limitless love |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/premisthunna-promises-a-refreshing-take-on-limitless-love-970223 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

The film was released on 7 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=2025-10-11 |title=Premisthunna: 'అన్ కండీషనల్ లవ్ తో వస్తున్నా'ప్రేమిస్తున్నా' {{!}} ‘Premisthunna An Unconditional Love Story Releasing on November 7 avm |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2025/cinema-news/premisthunna-an-unconditional-love-story-releasing-on-november-7-avm-67008.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Chitrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=November 2025}}

== Cast ==
* Sathvik Varma
* Preethi Neha
* [[Viji Chandrasekhar]] as Saradha
* [[Subbu Panchu]] as Murali
* [[Rahul Ravi]]

== Music ==
The background score and songs were composed by Siddharth Salur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-08-08 |title=Second single, ‘Evare Nuvvu’ from Premisthunnaa unveiled |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Aug/08/second-single-evare-nuvvu-from-premisthunnaa-unveiled |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aha Adhemito
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]], [[Ramya Behara]]
| length1 = 4:54
| lyrics1 = Venigalla Rambabu
| title2 = Evare Nuvvu
| extra2 = Sandilya Pisapati, Tanvi Manjula Ghantasala, Pradhanya Jaligama, Shreyashi Pendyala
| length2 = 4:12
| lyrics2 = Purnachary Challury
| title3 = Arere
| extra3 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| length3 = 4:05
| lyrics3 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
}}

==Release and reception==
''Premistunnaa'' was released on 7 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velugu |first=V6 |date=2025-10-31 |title=Premisthunna Movie:75కుపైగా సినిమాల్లో చైల్డ్ ఆర్టిస్ట్.. ఇపుడు టాలీవుడ్‌కి హీరోగా ఎంట్రీ.. ట్రైలర్ రిలీజ్ |url=https://www.v6velugu.com/child-artist-satvik-varma-debut-with-premisthunna-movie |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=V6 Velugu |language=te}}</ref>

Ramu Chinthakindhi of [[Times Now|Times Now Telugu]] rated it 3 out of 5 and praised the direction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-07 |title=సాత్విక్ వర్మ ‘ప్రేమిస్తున్నా’ మూవీ రివ్యూ, ‘బాహుబలి’ ఛైల్డ్ ఆర్టిస్ట్‌కి హీరోగా సక్సెస్ దక్కిందా.. |url=https://telugu.timesnownews.com/entertainment/bahubali-child-artist-sathvik-varma-starrer-premisthunna-movie-review-article-153117498 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Times Now Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Bhargav Chaganti of [[NTV (India)|NTV]] rated the film 2.75 out of 5 and appreciated least cast performances.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2025-11-07 |title=Premisthunna Movie Review: ప్రేమిస్తున్నా రివ్యూ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/premisthunna-movie-review-satvik-verma-preeti-neha-891483.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|36812691|Premistunnaa}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2025 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]

Ghatotkacha

2026-02-26T08:25:39Z

StevieBavin8727: brief adjusted lead to improve readability and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{about|a character from Mahabharata|the Gupta ruler|Ghatotkacha (king)|the 2008 Indian film|Ghatothkach}}{{refimprove|date=January 2022}}
{{short description|Son of Bhima in the Hindu epic Mahabharata}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Karna Try To Kill Ghatotkacha.jpg
| caption = Karna and Ghatotkacha engaged in war
| affiliation = [[Pandavas]]
| Devanagari = घटोत्कच
| Sanskrit_transliteration =
| abode = [[Kamyaka Forest]]
| birth_place = [[Kamyaka Forest]]
| children = * Anjanaparva
* Meghavarna
* [[Barbarika]] (in folk traditions)
| father = [[Bhima]]
| mother = [[Hidimbi]]
| name = Ghatotkacha
| weapon = [[Gada (mace)]]
| death_place = [[Kurukshetra]]
| battles = [[Kurukshetra War]]
| spouse = [[Ahilawati]] (in folk traditions)
| deity_of =
}}

'''Ghatotkacha''' ({{langx|sa|घटोत्कच}}, {{IAST3|Ghaṭotkaca}}; {{lit|Bald Pot}}) is a character in the [[Indian epic poetry|ancient Indian epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref name=encindlit>{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&q=itihasa&pg=PA1755 | title = The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj to Jyoti) | isbn = 978-81-260-1194-0 | last1 = Datta | first1 = Amaresh | date = 2006-01-01}}</ref> His name comes from the fact that he was bald (''utkacha'') and his head was shaped like a [[ghatam]], or a pot.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://members.cox.net/apamnapat/entities/Ghatotkacha.html |title=Ghatotkacha - Rakshasa Son of Bheema - Indian Mythology |access-date=2006-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110002159/http://members.cox.net/apamnapat/entities/Ghatotkacha.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He is the son of the [[Pandava]] [[Bhima]] and the [[Rakshasa|rakshasi]] [[Hidimbi]].

As the head of one [[akshauhini]] army, he was an important fighter from the Pandava side in the [[Kurukshetra War]] and caused a great deal of destruction to the Kaurava army. Ghatotkacha killed many demons like Alambusha, Alayudha, and many gigantic asuras. He was specifically called out as the warrior who forced Karna to use his vasavi shakti weapon, and courted a hero’s death in the great war.

==Biography==
===Name===
His name refers to his round bald head; ''ghata'' means 'pot' and ''utkacha'' means 'head' in [[Sanskrit]].

===Birth and early life===
On the burning of the ''[[Lakshagriha]]'', the Pandavas escape through a tunnel and reach a forest. While they were sleeping, the rakshasa chief [[Hidimba]] in the forest sees the [[Pandavas]] from the top of a tree, and he appoints his sister [[Hidimbi]] to bring them to him for food. Hidimbi goes to the Pandavas in the guise of a beautiful woman. She is attracted to [[Bhima]] and prays for the reciprocity of her love. She alerts the Pandavas to her brother's demands, pleading with them to leave the forest; however, Bhima refuses. Impatient at the delay, [[Hidimba]] runs towards the Pandavas but is slain by Bhima. Hidimbi then approaches [[Kunti]] and requests Bhima's hand in marriage. The Pandavas agree to the proposal on the condition that once a child is born to Hidimbi, they'd have to continue their peregrinations. Later, Ghatotkacha is born to Hidimbi and Bhima. [[Indra]] bestows on Ghaṭotkacha prowess enough to be a suitable opponent to [[Karna]]. Ghatotkacha grows up under the care of Hidimbi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01158.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Hidimva-vadha Parva: Section CLVII}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241600.html|title = Story of Ghaṭotkaca|date = 28 January 2019}}</ref>

Ghatotkacha's wife was [[Ahilawati]]. According to the ''Mahabharata'', Ghatotkacha has two sons Anjanaparva—who is killed during the [[Kurukshetra War]] by the warrior [[Ashvatthama]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07152.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Ghatotkacha-badha Parva: Section CLV}}</ref>—and Meghavarna—who survives the war and participates in the [[ashvamedha]] of the Pandavas. Some accounts note a third son, Barbarika.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMFdosx0PokC&pg=PA431#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits |date=2009-02-15 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-34055-5 |pages=431 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swami Parmeshwaranand |url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6F0ZIBIL2ZAC |title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas |date=2001-01-01 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |others=unknown library |pages=155 |language=English}}</ref>

=== Interactions with Bhima ===
During their exile the pandavas were too tired to walk further, then [[Bhima]] remembers Ghatotkacha, who immediately appeared before the Pandavas, and also brought down many demons at the behest of Bhima. Ghatotkacha carrying [[Draupadi]] on his shoulders, and the [[Rakshasa|rakshasas]] carrying Pandava brothers on their shoulders went by air to Badrikashrama, where [[Nara-Narayana]] were meditating, landed them there, and then he (Ghatotkacha and his companions) bid farewell to the Pandavas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03144.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section CXLIV}}</ref>

Ghatotkacha is considered a loyal and humble figure. He and his followers were available to his father Bhima at any time; all Bhima had to do was to think of him, and he would appear. Like his father, Ghatotkacha primarily fought with the [[Gada (mace)|mace]].

=== Kurukshetra War ===
[[File:Kamal Title Karna Attacks Ghatotkacha (text, recto; painting, verso), folio from a Razmnama (Book of War) series.jpg|thumb|Karna Attacks Ghatotkacha (text, recto; painting, verso), folio from a Razmnama (Book of War) series]]

In the [[Kurukshetra War]], Ghatotkacha is summoned by [[Bhima]] to fight on the [[Pandava]] side. In the battle of the first day he fought against [[List of characters in the Mahabharata|Alambusha]], Duryodhana, and Bhagadatta. Terrified of the terrible course of the battle, the Kauravas deliberately postponed the battle for that day.
On the 8th day of battle, Ghatotkacha has a prolonged clash with Alambusha, and though he manages to severely wound the other demon, he is unable to prevent his retreat.

The 14th day of battle features Ghatotkacha in a major role. During the morning battle, he becomes enraged when his mighty son Anjanparva is killed by [[Ashwatthama]]. Invoking his magical powers, he brings great havoc to the [[Kaurava]] army using his power of [[Maya (religion)|illusion]], even scaring away great warriors like [[Drona]], [[Duryodhana]], [[Karna]] and [[Dushasana]]. Ashwatthama attempts to rally fleeing soldiers, dispelling Ghatotkacha's illusion and managing to knock the demon unconscious. After coming to his senses, Ghatotkacha fights with Ashwatthama in a long duel. During the fight, both combatants use their magical powers and celestial weapons, though Ashwatthama manages to hold his ground and forces Ghatotkacha to withdraw.

After the death of [[Jayadratha]] on Day 14, with the battle continuing past sunset, Ghatotkacha truly shines; his powers were at their most effective at night as demons' abilities are heightened. Along with his troops, Ghatotkacha kills [[List of characters in the Mahabharata|Alayudha]] and Alambusha, smashing the latter's head with a mace. With Ghatotkacha on a rampage, another fight took place between Ashwatthama and Ghatotkacha. Ashwatthama manages to defeat Ghatotkacha multiple times, but the powerful demon manages to escape using his illusions. On the other hand [[Karna]] also defeats Ghatotkacha twice on the battlefield after some tough battles but yet is unable to prevent Ghatotkacha from wreaking havoc on the Kaurava army. As the army breaks around him, with even [[Duryodhana]] forced to flee with his flag in tatters, Karna uses ''[[Astra (weapon)|Vasavi Śhakti]]'' as a last resort to ultimately kill the powerful demon. This weapon had been bestowed by [[Indra]] and could only be used once; Karna had been keeping it in reserve to use against Arjuna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07176.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Ghatotkacha-badha Parva: Section CLXXIX}}</ref>

Though mortally wounded by the weapon vasavi shakti, Ghatotkacha rises to the sky and manages to enlarge his body, crushing one akshauhini of the Kaurava army.<ref>Amar Chitra Katha #592, {{ISBN|9788184821994}}</ref> The [[Pandava|Pandavas]] were filled with grief at Ghatotkacha's death. [[Krishna]], however, could not help but smile, knowing that Ghatotkacha has saved Arjuna from Karna.

==Folklores==
=== Hidimbi's sacrifice request ===
According to non canonic folktales, years later, one day [[Hidimbi]] asks Ghatotkacha to fetch a human to sacrifice to [[Kali]]. On his way to do so, he spots a Brahmin and his wife traveling with their three children. Ghatotkacha approaches them and requests one of them to come with him to be his mother's sacrifice to the goddess.

The Brahmin offers himself, but his wife insists that she would go. Finally, their second son agrees to go with Ghatotkacha but asks to first bathe in the river [[Ganga]]. [[Bhima]], living in exile in the forest with his brothers, comes across the scene. Upon discovering the pending sacrifice, he steps in to take the child's place. Ghatotkacha returns to his mother with Bhima in tow, only to become shocked when she tells him that Bhima is his father. Scolded by Bhima, both Ghatotkacha and Hidimbi agree to end the practice of human sacrifice.
=== Role in the story of Shashirekha===
{{Main|Sasirekha Parayanam}}

===Barbarika===
[[Barbarika]], though not in any of the official renditions of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', appears as one of Ghatokacha's son in a some folklore.
===Indonesian version===
[[File:Gathutkaca.jpg|thumb|Ghatotkacha as Javanese ''[[Wayang]]'' puppet in war attire]]
The [[Kurukshetra War]] in [[Javanese people|Javanese]] and also [[Balinese people|Balinese]] [[wayang]] is usually called by the name ''[[Bharatayuddha]]''. The story was adapted and developed from the script ''[[Kakawin Bharatayuddha]]'' written in [[1157]] during the time of the [[Kediri Kingdom]] (present day [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]]). In the ''[[wayang]]'' puppet version, Ghatotkacha (locally spelled 'Gatotkaca') is very close to his cousin named [[Abhimanyu]], son of [[Arjuna]]. Abhimanyu married [[Uttara (Mahabharata)|Uttara]] the daughter of [[Virata Kingdom]], after he claimed he was a virgin. In fact, Abhimanyu was married to Sitisundari, daughter of [[Krishna]]. Sitisundari who is entrusted in the palace of Ghatotkacha heard the news that her husband had remarried. Ghatotkacha's Uncle, named Kalabendana, came to Abhimanyu to take him home (Kalabendana was [[Hidimbi|Arimbi]]'s youngest brother,, a dwarf giant but with a plain and noble heart). This had made Uttara jealous, and Abhimanyu was forced to swear that if he indeed had a wife other than Uttara, he would be willing to die beaten by his enemies later on. Kalabendana met with Ghatotkacha to report Abhimanyu's attitude. Ghatotkacha actually scolded Kalabendana, which he considered presumptuously interfering in his cousin's household affairs. Out of an impulse of anger, Ghatotkacha hit Kalabendana's head, and even though the act was carried out accidentally, Kalabendana was killed instantly.

When the [[Bharatayuddha]] war broke out, Abhimanyu was killed by the [[Kauravas]] on the 13th day. On the 14th day, Arjuna managed to avenge his son's death by beheading [[Jayadratha]]. [[Duryodhana]] was very sad over the death of Jayadratha, his own brother-in-law. He forced [[Karna]] to attack the [[Pandava]] camp that night. Karna obeyed even though this violates the rules of the war. After learning that the Kauravas launched a night attack, the Pandavas sent Ghatotkacha to head off. Ghatotkacha was deliberately chosen because ''Kotang Antrakusuma'' armor which he wears is able to emit bright light to shine on Kaurava's army. Ghatotkacha successfully killed a Kaurava ally named Lembusa. Meanwhile, two of his uncles, Brajalamadan and Brajawikalpa, died at the hands of their enemies, each named Lembusura and Lembusana.

Ghatotkacha faced Karna, the wielder of Kontawijaya weapon. He created his twins as many as a thousand people to make Karna feel confused. On the instructions of his father, named [[Surya]], Karna managed to find the original Ghatotkacha. He then released Konta weapon in the direction of Ghatotkacha. Ghatotkacha tried to evade this by flying as high as possible. But the spirit of Kalabendana suddenly appeared to catch Kontawijaya while delivering news from heaven that the death of Ghatotkacha had been set that night. Ghatotkacha surrenders himself to his fate and requests that his body would be used to kill Kaurava's armies. Kalabendana agrees, then stabbed Ghatotkacha's navel using Konta weapon. The weapon merges back into its sheath, which is the mastaba wood still stored in Ghatotkacha's gut. Ghatotkacha dies, and the spirit of Kalabendana threw his body towards Karna who managed to jump to escape death. Karna's chariot was shattered to pieces as a result of being crushed by Ghatotkacha's body, and the fragments of the chariot shot in all directions and killed the Kaurava soldiers who were around it.

==Temples==
[[File:Candi Gatotkaca, Dieng 1163.jpg|thumb|Gatotkaca temple in [[Central Java]], [[Indonesia]]]]
* There is a temple built in [[Champawat]], [[Uttrakhand]] where it is meant his head fell after he was killed by [[Karna]] in the battle of [[Mahabharata]].
* There is a temple built to honor Ghatotkacha in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh]] near the [[Hidimba Devi Temple]].
* An ancient [[7th Century]] Hindu temple structure in [[Dieng temples|Dieng Temples]] complex, [[Central Java]] is named as "Ghatotkacha Temple" in honour of the Mahabharata character.

==In popular culture==
*The folktale of [[Sasirekha Parinayam]] (not originally in the Mahabharata) about [[Abhimanyu]]'s love for Shashirekha/Vatsala (the daughter of [[Balarama]]) and Ghatotkacha's help in breaking off Vatsala's engagement with [[Laxman Kumara|Lakshmana Kumara]] has been filmed numerous times in India. These include:<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=RA39-PA1991|year=2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=39}}</ref>
** ''Surekha Haran'', a 1921 Indian silent film directed by [[Baburao Painter]].
** ''Vatsalaharan'', a 1923 Indian silent film directed by Baburao Painter.
** ''Maya Bazaar'', a 1925 Indian silent film directed by Baburao Painter.
** ''Maya Bazaar'', a 1932 Indian [[Hindi]] film starring [[Baburao Pendharkar]].
** ''Maya Bazaar'', a 1935 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film directed by R. Padmanabhan.
** ''[[Mayabazar (1936 film)|Mayabazar]]'', or ''Sasirekha Parinayam'', a 1936 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language fantasy film directed by P. V. Das.
** ''Maya Bazaar'', a 1939 Indian film directed by G. P. Pawar.
** ''Maya Bazaar'', a 1949 Indian Hindi fantasy film directed by Datta Dharmadhikari.
** ''[[Mayabazar]]'', a 1957 Indian epic fantasy film directed by [[K. V. Reddy]].
** ''Maya Bazaar'', a 1958 Indian Hindi adventure fantasy film directed by [[Babubhai Mistry]].
** ''Maya Bazar'', a 1984 Indian Hindi/[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] fantasy film directed by Babubhai Mistry.
** ''Maya Bazaar'', a 1984 Indian Telugu romance drama film directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]].
* Other Indian films about Ghatotkacha include:
** ''[[Veer Ghatotkach|Veer Ghatotkacha]]'', a 1949 Indian Hindi/[[Marathi language|Marathi]] mythological film.
** ''Veer Ghatotkajan'', a 1959 Indian [[Tamil film|Tamil]] mythological film directed by [[Babubhai Mistry]].
** ''[[Ghatotkachudu]]'', a 1995 Indian [[Telugu film|Telugu]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]].
** ''Veer Ghatotkacha'', a 1970 Indian Hindi mythological adventure film directed by [[Shantilal Soni]].
** A 2008 Indian animated film ''[[Ghatothkach]]'' was based on his life. It was directed by [[Singeetham Srinivas Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/ssg/20080512.htm|title=Ghatothkach, Cannes-bound!|website=Rediff|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref>
** ''Ghatotkacha'', another Indian animated film released in 2008, directed by Rakesh Prasad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghatotkacha |url=https://www.amazon.in/Ghatotkacha-Rakesh-Prasad/dp/B006O2MGYQ |website=[[amazon.in]]|date=14 July 2011 }}</ref>
* [[Amar Chitra Katha]], an Indian comic book series, published an [[List of Amar Chitra Katha comics|issue]] on Ghatotkacha. This was later adapted as an episode in the 2010 animated series of the comics.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Amar Chitra Katha Animated Series - Season 1 |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/The-Amar-Chitra-Katha-Animated-Series/0FWNPZHRWDF5KR9OZCYLEPN85D |website=[[Amazon Prime Video]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Razaq Khan (Not comedian Rajaq Khan) played Ghatotkacha in 1988 TV Series [[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|''Mahabharat'']].
* [[Ketan Karande]] played Ghatotkacha in 2013 TV Series [[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|''Mahabharat'']].
* Since ancient until current modern [[Indonesia]], Ghatotkacha has become a very popular pop culture figure and ''[[wayang]]'' puppet character, having its own version of stories told in the [[Java]]nese and [[Bali]]nese version of Mahabharata story.
** In Javanese wayang, he is known as ''Gatotkoco'' with [[superhero]] fame and well known for the nickname the "''Satria otot kawat balung wesi''" ("Wire muscle and Iron bone Warrior").
** For Javanese and Balinese, Ghatotkacha is revered as a deity and popularly depicted in artworks and statues, such as the Satria Gatotkaca Park Statue in [[Kuta, Bali|Kuta]] major road intersection in Bali.
** Ghatotkacha has been frequently depicted in Indonesian popular culture, such as music, comics and film, such as the superhero action film ''[[Satria Dewa Universe|Satria Dewa: Gatotkaca]]'' (2021).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Novita |first1=Cicik |title=Film Satria Dewa GatotKaca: Sinopsis dan Jadwal Tayang Terbaru |url=https://tirto.id/film-satria-dewa-gatotkaca-sinopsis-dan-jadwal-tayang-terbaru-gsew |website=tirto.id |access-date=22 May 2022 |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Satria Dewa: Gatotkaca |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10090058/ |website=IMDB |publisher=IMDB |access-date=22 May 2022 |date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mack |first1=Andrew |title=SATRIA DEWA: GATOTKACA: Teasers, Proofs of Concept & More For Indonesian Heroic Martial Arts Movie |url=https://screenanarchy.com/2021/02/satria-dewa-gatotkaca-teasers-proofs-of-concept-more-for-indonesian-heroic-martial-arts-movie.html |website=ScreenAnarchy |publisher=2021 |access-date=22 May 2022 |date=16 February 2021}}</ref>
** Javanese version of Ghatotkacha, known as Gatotkaca, depicted in ''Garudayana'', an Indonesian comic series, is featured as a playable character in the game ''[[Mobile Legends: Bang Bang]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sutetjo |first1=Kenneth |title=Mobile Legends Gatotkaca Guide: Best Build, Emblem and Gameplay Tips |url=https://gamingonphone.com/guides/mobile-legends-gatotkaca-guide-tips/ |website=GamingonPhone |access-date=22 May 2022 |date=21 February 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ghatotkacha Caves]]
* [[Hanuman]]
* [[Mayabazar]]
* [[Kachari Kingdom]]
* [[List of characters in the Mahabharata]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ghaṭotkaca}}
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07171.htm Mahābhārata Book 7 Ghatotkacha-vadha Parva]
{{Clear}}
{{Mahābhārata}}

[[Category:Rakshasa in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Asura]]
[[Category:Rakshasa]]
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:People of the Kurukshetra War]]

*[https://indianculture.gov.in/snippets/mayong-land-occult Mayong: Land of Occult by Indian Culture Gov India]

1945–46 Ranji Trophy

2026-02-22T12:43:31Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1945–46 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 350px
| caption = The Ranji Trophy
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| tournament format = [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| fromdate =
| todate =
| champions = [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]
| count = 1
| participants = 21
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Hemu Adhikari]] (Baroda) (555)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1945/46 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1945-46/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Amir Elahi]] (Baroda) (30)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1945/46 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1945-46/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1944–45
| previous_tournament = 1944–45 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1946–47
| next_tournament = 1946–47 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1945–46 Ranji Trophy''' was the 12th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] won the title defeating [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]] in the final.

==Highlights==
*Holkar scored 912 for 8 decl against [[Karnataka cricket team|Mysore]] in the semifinal.<ref>[https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1945-46/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/HOLKAR_MYSORE_RJI-SEMI1_02-05MAR1946.html Holkar v Mysore], 2–5 March 1946</ref> This was the highest score in Indian first class cricket until [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] made 944 for 6 against [[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]] in [[1993–94 Ranji Trophy|1993–94]].<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Team/Highest_Team_Totals_in_India.html Highest team totals in India]</ref>
:*Six batsmen scored hundreds for Holkar: [[Kamal Bhandarkar]] 142, [[Chandu Sarwate]] 101, [[Madhavsinh Jagdale]] 164, [[C. K. Nayudu]] 101, [[Bhausaheb Nimbalkar]] 172 and Rameshwar Pratap Singh 100. This has never been equalled.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Team/Most_Hundreds_in_an_Innings.html Most hundreds in an innings]</ref>
:*There were seven century partnerships in the Holkar innings. All wickets from one to eight, except the second, made more than 100 runs.
:*[[B. K. Garudachar]] took 4 wickets for 301. This is the most expensive bowling in Indian cricket, and third most expensive in all first-class cricket.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Bowling/Most_Runs_Conceded_in_an_Innings.html Most runs conceded in an innings], ''acscricket.com''</ref>
:*Chandu Sarwate took 9 for 61 in the Mysore first innings in addition to his hundred. It is the only instance of a century and nine wickets in an innings in Indian cricket.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/All_Round/Century_and_Five_Wickets.html Century and five wickets in an innings], ''acscricket.com''</ref>
:*Mysore conceded defeat on the fourth day.
*Baroda won the Zonal finals and the Semifinals by the spin of a coin, as both matches were unable to produce a winner. The Zonal finals were drawn with the first innings incomplete,<ref>[https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1945-46/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/BOM_BARODA_RJI_09-12FEB1946.html Bombay v Baroda], 9–12 February 1946</ref> while their semifinal ended in a tie.<ref>[https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1945-46/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/S-PNJB_BARODA_RJI-SEMI2_04-07MAR1946.html Southern Punjab v Baroda], 4–7 March 1946</ref>
*[[Vijay Merchant]] averaged 405.00 with the bat (405 in two innings, once out). This is the highest batting average achieved for any Ranji season.
*[[C. K. Nayudu]] scored 200 for Holkar v Baroda in the final at the age of 50 years and 142 days. He is the oldest Indian cricketer to score a double hundred and the fifth oldest in all first class cricket after [[Dave Nourse]], [[John King (cricketer, born 1871)|John King]], [[Archie MacLaren]] and [[Jack Hobbs]].<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Batting/Oldest_Batsman_to_Score_Double_Hundred.html Oldest batsmen to score 200 in first class cricket]</ref>

==Zonal Matches==
=== South Zone ===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 175px
| score-width = 80px

|14 Dec 1945 – Bangalore|'''[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]'''|'''158 & 292'''|[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]|172 & 166
|21 Dec 1945 – Nagpur|[[Central Provinces and Berar cricket team|Central Provinces and Berar]]|154 & 127|'''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]'''|'''399'''

|26 Jan 1946 – Bangalore|'''[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]'''|'''188 & 309'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|176 & 220
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

=== West Zone ===
{{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|||||
|29 Dec 1945 – Karachi|'''[[Sind cricket team|Sind]]'''|'''416 & 61/1'''|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|258 & 250/9d
|19 Dec 1945 – Jamnagar|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''328 & 363/5d'''|[[Nawanagar cricket team|Nawanagar]]|218 & 138/8
|14 Dec 1945 – Rajkot|'''[[Western India cricket team|Western India]]'''|'''199 & 158'''|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]|164 & 190

|25 Jan 1946 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''560/5d'''|[[Sind cricket team|Sind]]|234 & 306
|2 Feb 1946 – Baroda|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''243 & 277'''|[[Western India cricket team|Western India]]|215 & 104/8

|9 Feb 1946 – Bombay|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]|645|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]] '''(T)'''|465/6

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=no|skipmatch04=no
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

'''(T)''' – Advanced to next round by spin of coin.

===East Zone===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|20 Dec 1945 – Kanpur|[[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]]|99 & 221|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''126 & 239'''
|15 Dec 1945 – Indore|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''433'''|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|142 & 104

|19 Jan 1946 – Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|119 & 266|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''288 & 102/5'''
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

=== North Zone ===
{{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 175px
| score-width = 80px

|||||
|28 Dec 1945 – Delhi|'''[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]'''|'''91 & 203/7'''|[[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team|North West Frontier Province]]|141 & 150
|||||
|||||

|10 Jan 1946 – Patiala|'''[[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]'''|'''472'''|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|181 & 98
|2 Feb 1946 – Rajputana|[[Rajputana cricket team|Rajputana]]|220 & 114|'''[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]'''|'''212 & 125/1'''

|7 Feb 1946 – Patiala|'''[[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]'''|'''658/8d'''|[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]|250

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=yes
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

==Inter-Zonal Knockout matches==
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|2 Mar 1946 – Indore|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''912/8d'''|[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]|190 & 509/6
|4 Mar 1946 – Patiala|[[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]|167 & 146|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]''' '''(T)'''|'''106 & 207'''

|22 Mar 1946 – Indore|'''[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]'''|'''342 & 273'''|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]|198 & 361
}}

'''(T)''' – Advanced to finals by spin of coin.

==Final==
{{Test match
| date = 22–27 March 1946
| team1 = [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] (H)
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| score-team1-inns1 = '''342 (149.3 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[C. K. Nayudu]] 200
| wickets-team1-inns1 = Ahmed Patel 3/52
| score-team2-inns1 = '''148 (77 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Vijay Hazare]] 87*
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[C. S. Nayudu]] 5/66
| score-team1-inns2 = '''273 (118.5 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Hiralal Gaekwad]] 79*
| wickets-team1-inns2 = Vivek Hazare 4/49
| score-team2-inns2 = '''361 (136.5 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns2 = M. M. Naidu 91
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[C. S. Nayudu]] 5/148
| result = Holkar won by 106 runs
| venue = [[Yeshwant Club|Yeshwant Club Ground]], [[Indore]]
| umpires = [[Jamshed Patel]] and [[T. A. Ramachandran]]
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17588.html Scorecard]
| toss = Holkar won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1945-46.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1945-46 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1945 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1946 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1945–46]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Satya Sai Chouraha

2026-02-20T04:46:00Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Satya Sai Chouraha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = suburb
| image_skyline = {{Annotated image
| image = IndoreMontage.jpg
| image-width = 630 
| image-left = 0 
| image-top = 
| width = 500 
| height = 100 
| float = right
| annotations = 
| caption = Skyline of Satya Sai Area
| icon = none
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.42|N|75.54|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Indore
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 25000
| population_as_of = 2010
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 452003
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0731
| registration_plate = 09
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Dewas
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Satya Sai''' is a residential locality within the largest city and commercial hub [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. Real estate prices have shot up here and are comparable to any posh areas of [[Indore]], in large part because of the continued boom of immigrants.
The area is named after the school Shri Satya Sai Vidya Vihar, which is among the prominent English schools of Indore.
==Outlook==

Satya Sai is known for its popular Sathya Sai School]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sathyasaiindore.com/|title=Sri Sathya Sai Vidya Vihar|website=sathyasaiindore.com}}</ref> as well as the Ashram run by the school ashram samiti.
It is a link for the prominent 20,000 bedded [[Bombay Hospital]], the only NABH accredited hospital<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bombayhospitalindore.com/nabh/ | title=NABH &#124; Bombay Hospital }}</ref> of the city.

==Society Flats in Satya Sai==
A lot of society are blooming up here along with hotels and motels. The housing society include :
*BCM Heights
*RCM
*Utkarsh
*Swarga Parisar
*Nirmal Udyan etc.

==Transportation==

===Road===

====Bus Routes====

There are most preferable [[Indore City Bus|city buses]], which connects the area with other localities :
{|class="sortable plainrowheaders wikitable"
|-
!scope="col"|S.no.
!scope="col"|Route no.
!scope="col"|Start<ref>{{cite web|title=Routes of City Bus|url=http://citybusindore.com/Index.php?page=bus-routes|accessdate=10 April 2016|format=|publisher=Indore City Bus|archive-date=24 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324210038/http://www.citybusindore.com/index.php?page=bus-routes|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!scope="col"|End Place
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:center| 1
|align=center | 04 (IV)
|align=right | Vaishali Nagar
|align=center| Panchwati
|-
!scope="row" style=text-align:center| 2
|align=center | 05 (V)
|align=right | Arvindo Hospital
|align=center| Mhow Naka
|-
|}

The [[Dewas - Pithampur Bus Service]] by-pass whole Indore, connects Satya Sai. Besides this, many city vans, metro taxi, star cab, service connects it to other localities of Indore.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Neighbourhoods of Indore}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Indore]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Indore]]

Deesa Airport

2026-01-31T06:20:19Z

StevieBavin8727: enhance references further and fixed typos per sources

{{Short description|Airport in Gujarat, India}}
{{Essay-like|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Deesa Airport
| image =
| image-width =
| caption =
| IATA =
| ICAO = VADS
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the airport in Gujarat
| pushpin_label = '''Deesa Airport'''
| pushpin_label_position = right
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| city-served = [[Deesa]]
| location = Deesa, India
| elevation-f = 485
| elevation-m = 148
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|16|04.57|N|072|12|15.96|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| website =
| metric-elev =
| metric-rwy =
| r1-number = 06/024
| r1-length-f = 3300
| r1-length-m = 1006
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| r2-number =
| r2-length-f =
| r2-length-m =
| r2-surface =
| stat-year =
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data =
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Deesa Airport''' (also spelled ''Disa'' Airport) is an airport in [[Deesa]], [[Gujarat]]. It is managed by the [[Airports Authority of India]].<ref name=toi11>{{cite news|title=Helipad in every taluka {{sic|headqua|ters|nolink=y}} |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Helipad-in-every-taluka-headquaters/articleshow/11273994.cms|access-date=2 January 2017|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 December 2011}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The airport hit national headlines in February 2011 when [[Subramanian Swamy]] claimed that [[2G case]] accused [[Shahid Balwa]] illegally used the airport to secretly transport VIPs and criminals in and out of the country.<ref name=th11>{{cite news|title=Balwa ran illegal airport: Swamy|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article1482340.ece|access-date=23 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 February 2011}}</ref> The Airports Authority of India denied this was the case, stating that the airstrip was not used for the last two years, due to the poor condition of the airstrip, adding that it was fit only for [[paragliding]].<ref name=ie11>{{cite news|title=Officials trash Swamy's charges on Balwa using Deesa airstrip|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/officials-trash-swamys-charges-on-balwa-using-deesa-airstrip/781452/|access-date=23 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=26 April 2011}}</ref> The airfield was most recently used for a [[sky diving]] program in 2013.<ref name=toi07>{{cite news|title=Flying high, participants get thrill of adventure|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Flying-high-participants-get-thrill-of-adventure/articleshow/1593007.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025030751/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-02-11/india/27872838_1_sky-divers-deesa-ipf|url-status=live|archive-date=25 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 February 2007}}</ref>

In September 2011, A K Gogoi, Commander in Chief, [[South Western Air Command]] of the [[Indian Air Force]] announced that there was a proposal to develop Deesa Airport into a full-fledged [[Air base|Air Base]] and that the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Defence Ministry]] had approved this proposal. Deesa was chosen due to its strategic location, being close to the international border with [[Pakistan]]. The first phase of this proposal includes spending {{INRconvert|3000|c}} on strengthening airport infrastructure.<ref name=outlook11>{{cite web|title=Nod Given to Develop Deesa Airport as Air Base: IAF |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=733292 |publisher=[[Outlook India]] |access-date=23 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407050645/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=733292 |archive-date=7 April 2014 }}</ref><ref name=ies11>{{cite news|title=IAF set to turn Deesa airport into airbase|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/iaf-set-to-turn-deesa-airport-into-airbase/840545/0|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2 September 2011}}</ref>

In March 2018, the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] headed by the [[Prime Minister of India]] approved the forward air force base plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-clears-plans-for-iaf-base-close-to-pakistan-border-in-gujarat/story-Y8L4AsvhZceQFNnWr3l5oM.html|title=Centre clears plans for IAF base close to Pakistan border in Gujarat|date=23 March 2018|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

In October 2020, the [[Government of India|Government]] sanction was given for the infrastructure activities of the approved Air Force Base,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-12|title=IAF chief inaugurates operational infra activities at Deesa Air Force station in Gujarat|url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2020/11/12/iaf-chief-inaugurates-operational-infra-activities-at-deesa-air-force-station-in-gujarat/|access-date=2020-11-12|website=DeshGujarat|language=en-US}}</ref> in November 2020, they were inaugurated by the Indian Air Force's Chief Marshal, [[Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria|RKS Bhadauria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=गुजरातः वायुसेना प्रमुख ने एयर फोर्स स्टेशन डीसा में बुनियादी ढांचे की गतिविधियों का उद्घाटन किया|url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/iaf-chief-rks-bhadauria-visited-bases-at-air-force-station-deesa-and-inaugurated-operational-infrastructure-activities|access-date=2020-11-12|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>

On 30 September 2022, the groundbreaking ceremony for runway and allied infrastructure at the Deesa Air Force station was held by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. The project will cost {{INRconvert|1000|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=વડાપ્રધાનનો અંબાજી પ્રવાસ: બનાસકાંઠાને 6909 કરોડના વિકાસ કામોની ભેટ આપી, મા અંબાના ચરણોમાં શિશ ઝૂકાવી પૂજા કરી |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/banaskantha/news/6909-crore-development-works-in-banaskantha-will-be-launched-and-completed-130382820.html |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Divya Bhaskar |language=gu}}</ref> The air base is spread over an area of {{convert|4000|acre}}. The new runway was constructed at cost of {{INRconvert|394|c}} and was inaugurated on 21 February 2024 by PM Modi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2024-02-21 |title=PM Narendrabhai Modi to inaugurate runway at Air Force Station Deesa in Gujarat |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/02/21/pm-narendrabhai-modi-to-inaugurate-runway-at-air-force-station-deesa-in-gujarat/#:~:text=A%204,000%20acres%20air%20base,of%20Gujarat,%20Maharashtra%20and%20Rajasthan. |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Airports in India}}

[[Category:Proposed airports in India]]
[[Category:Airports in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Banaskantha district]]
[[Category:Airports with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

Bongaigaon University

2026-01-13T15:42:07Z

StevieBavin8727: New

{{Short description|University in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Bongaigaon University University of Bongaigaon
|native_name =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| motto = Tamaso Ma Jyotirgamaya
| mottoeng = ''Lead me from darkness to light''
| established = *{{Start date and age|1964|7|8}} (as Bongaigaon College)
* {{Start date and age|2023}} (as Bongaigaon University)
| founders =
| closed =
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[state university (India)|state university]]
| affiliation =
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chancellor = [[Governor of Assam]]
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| vice_chancellor = Prof.(Dr.) Taranee Deka <ref>{{cite web |title= Dr Taranee Deka takes charge as new Vice-Chancellor of Bongaigaon University |date= 2 August 2025|url= https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/dr-taranee-deka-takes-charge-as-new-vice-chancellor-of-bongaigaon-university |website= sentinelassam.com |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref>
| rector =
| Registrar =
| vice principal =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Bongaigaon]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26.4849| 90.5452|type:edu_region:IN-AS|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 12

| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| former_names = Bongaigaon College
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours =
| athletics =
| sports =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| website = {{URL| https://www.bongaigaoncollege.ac.in/}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bongaigaon University''' or '''University of Bongaigaon''' is a public state university located in [[Bongaigaon]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]]. The institution was established through an act of the [[Government of Assam]] to expand access to higher education in western Assam by upgrading an existing college into a full-fledged university in 2023.<ref name="st">{{cite web |title= 6 Assam colleges to be upgraded to varsities|date=15 September 2023|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2023/09/15/6-assam-colleges-to-be-upgraded-to-varsities/ |website=theshillongtimes.com |access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref> It is recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] of India and accredited by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]].<ref name="at">{{cite web |title= Bongaigaon College gets C grade after NAAC assessment |date=15 September 2010|url= https://assamtribune.com/bongaigaon-college-gets-c-grade-after-naac-assessment |website= assamtribune.com |access-date=4 January 2026}}</ref>

==History==
Bongaigaon College was established on 8 July 1964 through a community initiative led by academics, social workers, and local leaders to expand access to higher education in the Bongaigaon region. The college began with pre-university arts courses affiliated with [[Gauhati University]] and gradually expanded to include commerce and degree programmes. It was accorded deficit grants-in-aid status by the Government of Assam and became recognised under sections 2(f) and 12(B) of the University Grants Commission Act. The college was accredited with a ‘B’ grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council in 2019. Over time, it added a wider range of undergraduate courses and postgraduate programmes in English and Hindi, as well as short-term professional courses.

In the early 2020s, the Government of Assam proposed upgrading several established colleges across the state into full-fledged universities to improve academic infrastructure, expand postgraduate offerings, and support multidisciplinary education. As part of this initiative, Bongaigaon College was selected for transformation into a university.<ref name="pratidin">{{cite web |title= Seven Colleges of Assam to be Upgraded to 'Universities' |date=10 July 2023|url= https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/seven-colleges-of-assam-to-be-upgraded-to-universities |website= pratidintime.com |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref> The [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] enacted the Bongaigaon University Act, 2023 (Assam Act No. LIV of 2023), which formalised the establishment of the university;<ref name="india today">{{cite web |title= Assam Legislative Assembly introduces six new university and amendment bills |date=12 September 2023|url= https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-legislative-assembly-introduces-six-new-university-and-amendment-bills-676779-2023-09-12 |website= indiatodayne.in |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref> the act received the assent of the [[Governor of Assam|Governor]] on 22 November 2023.

==Campus and Location==
The Bongaigaon University operates on the original campus of Bongaigaon College, located on approximately 64 bighas of land in [[Bongaigaon]] town. The campus includes academic buildings, administrative offices, and facilities for students’ academic and extracurricular activities. Bongaigaon lies in western Assam and serves as an educational hub for students from the surrounding districts.

==Academics==
Under its former status as Bongaigaon College, the institution offered undergraduate degree programmes such as [[Bachelor of Arts]], [[Bachelor of Commerce]], and [[Bachelor of Business Administration]], along with postgraduate masters in English and Hindi. It also offered professional certificate and diploma courses in areas such as computer applications, taxation, and financial accounting.

==Governance and Recognition==
The University of Bongaigaon is established under the legislative framework of the [[Government of Assam]] and functions as a state university. As with other state universities in India, statutory governance structures include roles such as Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, and academic councils as defined in the founding act.<ref name="assam">{{cite web |title= The Bongaigaon University (Amendment) Act, 2025 (Assam Act No. XXI of 2025) |date=|url= https://legislative.assam.gov.in/documents-detail/the-bongaigaon-university-amendment-act-2025-assam-act-no-xxi-of-2025 |website= legislative.assam.gov.in|access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref> The institution is recognised by the University Grants Commission, which sets standards for degree-granting universities in India.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Universities in Assam}}

[[Category:Education in Bongaigaon]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:State universities in Assam]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Lakshadweep

2026-01-10T23:10:54Z

StevieBavin8727: New

{{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation}}
{{WikiProject status|inactive|type=geo|sc1=WP:INLD}}
Some [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]s have formed a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|project]] to improve organisation and standardised look and feel of articles related to the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Lakshadweep]].

If you would like to help, please inquire on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] and see the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Lakshadweep/to do|to-do list]] there.

'''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Lakshadweep/New articles|New articles]]''' page contains articles that may be Lakshadweeprelated. Please add this page your watchlist and monitor the articles.

==Scope==
The scope of this article fundamentally is loosely defined as all articles and sections relating to [[Lakshadweep]]. Almost all of these will be (eventually) categorised under [[:Category:Lakshadweep]] and [[:Category:India]]

==Goals==

# Creation of a generally standard look and feel for all Lakshadweep-related articles.
# To produce as many [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured Articles]] as possible related to Lakshadweep.

==Participants==
===Active members===
To join WikiProject Lakshadweep, edit this section and add the [[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]] <code><nowiki>#{{subst:me}}</nowiki></code> with your areas of interest to the bottom of the following list of members. Members should also place [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Lakshadweep#Member identification|member identification]] on their user page.
# {{User|Soumyadip Dewanji}}
# {{User|Tinucherian}}
# {{User|GDibyendu}}

===Former members===
Thank you for your help! Please move your username back to the active list when you can participate again.
#{{User|Buaidh}} 13:18:03, 3 May 2019 (UTC) 

===Member identification===
Members of WikiProject Lakshadweep should place one of the following lines of [[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]] on their [[Special:MyPage|user page]] to add it to '''{{nobreak|[[:Category:WikiProject Lakshadweep participants]]}}'''.
{{yytop}}
{{yycat|WikiProject Lakshadweep participants}}
{{yy|Template:User WP Lakshadweep}}
{{yy|Template:User WP Lakshadweep|invite}}
{{yyend}}
For other Lakshadweep user templates see '''{{nobreak|[[:Category:Lakshadweep user templates]]}}'''.

==Parentage==
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India]]
**[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India/States|Indian states]]

==Descendant WikiProjects==
No descendant WikiProjects have been defined.

==Similar WikiProjects==
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Kerala]]

==Portal==
*[[Portal:Lakshadweep]]

== Discussion ==
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Refer to
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Tarar, Bhagalpur

2026-01-07T01:48:54Z

StevieBavin8727: Article

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Taṛar
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25|11|03.3|N|87|10|05.7|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|Block]]
| subdivision_name3 = Sonhaula
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 10641
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code = 813205
| area_code_type = village code
| area_code = 240220
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| subdivision_type4 = [[Regional]] [[Language]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Angika]]
}}

'''Taṛar''' is a village located in '''Sonhaula''' subdivision of [[Bhagalpur district]] in [[Bihar]], India. It is situated 12km away from sub-district headquarter Sonhaula (tehsildar office) and 25km away from district headquarter Bhagalpur. As per 2009 stats, Tarar is also a village panchayat.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Taṛar {{!}} Grampanchayat {{!}} GeoIQ |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Tarar/Grampanchayat |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=geoiq.io}}</ref>
==Geography and data==
The total geographical area of the village is 371 hectares. Taṛar has a total population of 10,641 peoples, out of which male population is 5,725 while female population is 4,916. Literacy rate of Taṛar village is 48.68% out of which 56.91% males and 39.10% females are literate. There are about 2,006 houses in Taṛar village.

[[Bhagalpur]] is the nearest city to Taṛar for all major economic activities, which is approximately 25km away.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Taṛar Village Population - Sonhaula - Bhagalpur, Bihar |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/240220-tarar-bihar.html |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Origins ==
The village is located on a land which is slightly higher in altitude than its surroundings, the slope being sharper to the east, the altitude gradually declining for about 5 or 6 kilometres to reach the Gerua river, a tributary to the Ganges. In the west, chaur land is there, which has a lower altitude than the village has. As Gerua flows to the north (to the Ganges, some 6 kilometres away from Taṛar), the land to the north of the village is relatively a low land. Tarar has never evidenced an incidence of flood. There was a Hindi poem titled "Hey Taṛar" (that appeared in the Taṛar High School Magazine in the 1960s) written by Shri Moti Singh (alias Mathilisharan Nehnidhi), who was a teacher in Taṛar High School, which mentioned that the name "Tarar" came from "Tānd", which means an upland. Since an upland was occupied by the people to inhabit, it was named Tāndar wherefrom the name Taṛar came forth (" ... Tānd bhūmi ābād huyi. Tārar iskā nām pad gayā paribhāsā yun yād huyi". It is believed that Taṛar was settled as a village towards the end of the 18th century, just after the introduction of Zamindari system by the British government.

== Demographics ==
Taṛar has a total population of 10,641.<ref name=":1" />

=== Gender-Wise Population ===
In Taṛar, there are 5,725 males and 4,916 females.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Religion-Wise Population ===
[[Hinduism]] is the predominant religion in Tarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/ |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

== Language ==
[[Angika]] is the native language of Tarar village.

== Parts of Tarar Panchayat ==
* Makarpur
* Dogachchhi
* Tarar (proper)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhagalpur district]]

K. B. Venu

2026-01-05T04:59:45Z

StevieBavin8727: creating new info!

{{Short description|Indian film director,author,screenwriter and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. B. Venu
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|04|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puthenvelikkara]], [[Ernakulam]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Film director,
author
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''K. B. Venu''' (born 19 April 1970) is an Indian film director, author, screenwriter and actor who works in [[Malayalam film industry]]. He is known for his directorial ''[[August Club]]'' (2013) which was released in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title = Bennet Veetraag composes music for K B Venu|url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-02/news-and-interviews/31982988_1_directorial-debut-composer-duo-music|publisher = timesofindia|date = 2 June 2012|accessdate = 1 January 2025|language = English|archive-date = 19 December 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131219040536/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-02/news-and-interviews/31982988_1_directorial-debut-composer-duo-music|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Celebrity at the muhurth of debutant director K. B. Venu's Ven.|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/articleshow/13390215.cmsutm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|publisher = timesofindia|date = 10 January 2014|accessdate = 1 January 2025 |language = English}}</ref> He won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Book on Cinema]] for his book, ''K. G. Georgente Chalachithra Yathrakal'' in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title = Malayalm film Charlie wins eight State awards
|url = https://newsandviews.org.in/?q=content/malayalm-film-charlie-wins-eight-state-awards |publisher = newsandviews
|date = 1 March 2016|accessdate = 1 January 2025|language = English}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Venu was born in [[Puthenvelikkara]], [[Ernakulam]]. He completed post-graduation with MA English literature in, from [[Union Christian College, Aluva]] and Master of communication and Journalism from [[University of Calicut]]. He currently lives in [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{cite news|title = Spaces in their Togetherness|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2014/Sep/22/spaces-in-their-togetherness-663437.html |publisher = newindianexpress|date = 22 September 2014 |accessdate = 1 January 2025 |language = English}}</ref>

In 2013 he directed his debut film, [[August Club]]. It stars [[Rima Kallingal]], [[Murali Gopi]] and [[Thilakan]] in titular roles.
It tells the story about the nuances in marital life. The film's screenplay is written by Anantha Padmanabhan and is based on his novelette titled ''Venalinte Kalaneekkangal''.<ref>{{cite news |title = Review: August Club Since 1969 is nothing great
|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-august-club-since-1969/20130429.htm |publisher = rediff|date = 23 April 2013
|accessdate = 1 January 2025 |language = English}}</ref>
He wrote the script for the film ''Headmaster'' (2022), which is based on [[Karoor Neelakanta Pillai]]’s classic short story ‘Pothichoru’.<ref>{{cite news |title = 'Headmaster' movie review: Rajiv Nath's film, based on a short story by Karur Neelakanda Pillai, works in parts
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/headmaster-movie-review-rajiv-naths-film-based-on-a-short-story-by-karur-neelakanda-pillai-works-in-parts/article65693057.ece|publisher = thehindu |date = 29 July 2022 |accessdate = 1 January 2025 |language = English}}</ref>
==Filmography==
===As actor===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director!! Role
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Pakal Nakshatrangal]]'' ||[[Rajeev Nath]] || Madhavan
|-
|rowspan =2|2010 || ''[[Aagathan]]'' || [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]]||
|-
| ''[[Sufi Paranja Katha (film)|Sufi Paranja Katha]]'' || [[Priyanandanan]] || Kesava menon
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Last Bench]]'' || [[Jiju Asokan]] || Professor
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Kappiri Thuruthu]]'' || Saheer Ali ||
|-
|2021 ||''[[Vishudha Rathrikal]]'' ||[[S. Sunil]]||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Rekhachithram]]'' || [[Jofin T. Chacko]] || film director [[Bharathan]]
|-
|}

===As screenwriter===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director
|-
| 2022 || ''Headmaster'' || [[Rajeev Nath]]
|-
|}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! note
|-
| 2013 || ''[[August Club]]'' ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm4049774}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venu, K. B. }}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]

Ek Tha Rusty

2025-11-26T22:00:11Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
'''''Ek Tha Rusty''''' is a [[Doordarshan]] show based on the stories of writer [[Ruskin Bond]], broadcast in 1995 (season 1), 2012-2013 (season 2) and 2014-2015 (season 3).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/those-bygone-days/article6201996.ece|title=Those bygone days|date=2014-07-12|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref>

Produced and directed by Shubhadarshini Singh, the show stars Zarul, [[Nadira (Indian actress)|Nadira]], Pankaj Berry, [[Raj Zutshi]], [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]], [[Vipul Gupta]], [[Bhanu Uday]], and [[Suhasini Mulay]].<ref name=":0" /> In seasons 2 and 3, Gupta and Uday respectively played the role of grown up Rusty.<ref name=":0" />

Ruskin Bond, the author of Rusty and other short stories for children, presented seasons 2 and 3 of the show and appeared in the beginning and end of each episode. The series is semi-autobiographical, as many of the stories adapted are incidents and experiences from Bond's life.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120415/spectrum/book9.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Books|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ektharusty.com/aboutetr.php|title=Welcome To Ek tha Rusty|website=www.ektharusty.com|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
Season 1 (aired in 1995) is about a ten-year-old boy Rusty, his life at a boarding school and his friends and family in [[Dehradun]]. This season is set in 1930s, when India was under [[British Raj|British rule]].

Season 2 shows the time when Rusty is about 30 years of age and a struggling writer. It is set in 1960s, when Rusty has returned from England, to live in Mulberry Cottage, Mussoorie. Season 2 had Vipul Gupta playing a 30 year old Rusty. It included ten of Bond's stories - ''Love is a sad song'', ''Sensualist'', ''Dead Man's Gift'', ''Last Time I saw Delhi'', ''Hanging at Mango'', ''Who Killed the Rani?'', ''Binya Passes By'', ''From Small Beginnings'' and ''At Greens Hotel,''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/raising-rusty-2/|title=Raising Rusty|last=|first=|date=2012-03-19|website=Indian Express|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref> along with his novel ''Maharani''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/dehradun/season-iii-of-ek-tha-rusty-series-on-doordarshan.html|title=Season III of 'Ek Tha Rusty' series on Doordarshan|website=www.dailypioneer.com|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref> It was shot in [[Mussoorie]] and [[Dehradun]].<ref name=":0" />

Season 3 had Bhanu Uday playing a 35 year old Rusty. It includes Bond’s stories - ''Time Stops at Shamli'' and ''Shooting at Mango Top''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/ruskin-bonds-rusty-making-a-comeback-on-tv-with-ek-tha-rusty-ii-678918.html|title=Ruskin Bond's Rusty making a comeback on TV with 'Ek Tha Rusty II'|last=|first=|date=2014-04-05|website=News 18|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref> The show was shot in Mussoorie.<ref name=":3" /> Bond’s granddaughter (from his adopted family in Mussoorie) Shristi, also acted in the show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/ek-tha-rusty-back-with-second-season-39395|title='Ek Tha Rusty' back with second season|last=|first=|date=2014-04-05|website=ABP Live|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-29|archive-date=2 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002001118/http://www.abplive.in/television/ek-tha-rusty-back-with-second-season-39395|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ek-the-rusty-2-is-a-tribute-to-my-grandpa-shrishti-bond/1032762/|title='Ek The Rusty 2' is a tribute to my grandpa: Shrishti Bond - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref>

Set in 1960s, Seasons 2 and 3 of the show were shot in the beautiful woods and snowy hills, where alongside interesting stories, some of beautiful tracks are also featured; including "Hawaon ki dhun'' and ''Zindagi keraye ka ghar hai".

== Cast==
*Zarul as Rusty (season 1)
**[[Vipul Gupta]] as 30-year-old Rusty (season 2)
**[[Bhanu Uday]] as 35-year-old Rusty (season 3)
*[[Raj Zutshi]]
*[[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]]
*[[Suhasini Mulay]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1995 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]

Triloki Nath Kaul

2025-11-25T07:44:05Z

StevieBavin8727: Made

{{Short description|Indian diplomat (1913-2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{ Infobox officeholder
| name = Triloki Nath Kaul
| office = [[Foreign Secretary of India]]
| term = 7 November 1968 - 3 December 1972
| predecessor = [[Rajeshwar Dayal]]
| successor = [[Kewal Singh]] }}
'''Triloki Nath Kaul''' (1913 – January 16, 2000) was one of India's foremost [[diplomat]]s in the 20th century. A member of the [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS), he served in the foreign service branch, culminating in his being appointed [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]] twice. He served as [[Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union]] and as the [[Indian Ambassador to the United States]].

==Life==
Kaul was born in 1913 in Baramulla, [[Kashmir]], and was educated initially in Kashmir and later at [[University of the Punjab]], [[University of Allahabad]]. He later studied at [[King's College London]] and was awarded [[Master of Laws]] from [[University of London]].<ref>T.N. Kaul, Diplomacy in Peace and War, 1978.</ref> In January 2000, he died at age 86 due to cardiac arrest at his orchard in [[Rajgarh, Himachal Pradesh|Rajgarh]].<ref name=Tribune20000119>{{cite news |newspaper=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh |title=T. N. Kaul cremated |date=19 January 2000 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000119/nation.htm#4 |accessdate=2012-01-21}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:CAC CC 001 18 14 0000 1354.jpg|thumb|Ambassador Triloki Nath Kaul from the Embassy of India with [[Carl Albert]] and [[Melvin Price]].]]
He joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1939 and later at independence in 1947 he became a member of the [[Indian Foreign Service]] (see his *Reminiscences*). He served as [[Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union]], U.S., and China, as well as being Deputy [[High Commissioner]] and acting High Commissioner to the UK, and [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]] to the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Indian Ministry of External Affairs]].<ref name=Tribune20000119 /><ref name=kauldead>{{cite web| url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/17/stories/02170003.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125063326/http://www.hindu.com/2000/01/17/stories/02170003.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 January 2013 | work=[[The Hindu]] |title=T.N. Kaul Dead |date=17 Jan 2000}}</ref> He was also the Vice-Chairman of the Indian unit of the [[UNESCO]] and Chairman of the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].<ref name=Tribune20000119 /> He was Indian ambassador to Moscow first during his active diplomatic service in the Indian Foreign Ministry in 1962–1966, at the height of the Cold War, and once again after his retirement in 1986–1989, this time ambassador with a Cabinet rank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbth.com/arts/2013/11/21/tn_kaul_the_ambassador_as_i_knew_him_in_moscow_31037|title = T.N. Kaul, the ambassador as I knew him in Moscow|date = 21 November 2013}}</ref>

As a young diplomat, he suggested greater collaboration with Moscow, a policy that was rejected by Nehru who was more inclined to China. "I recall our informal conversation in 1951 with Kapitzan, (Soviet Counsellor in Peking at that time), when we discussed, without the authorization of our respective governments and ambassadors, the possibility of an agreement for mutual cooperation and non-aggression between India and the USSR ... When Pannikar (Indian Ambassador in Peking) informed Delhi, Delhi's reaction was cool."<ref>T.N. Kaul, India, China and Indo-China. Allied</ref>

In the absence of such a pact, Chinese broke the 1954 Panch Sheel Agreement and attacked India in 1962.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/books/story/19800315-tn-kaul-and-yb-choose-the-most-dubious-path-to-recognition-producing-a-book-806507-2014-02-05 Tony Jesudason, India Today, 1980]</ref>

Besides his diplomatic career, he lectured widely on international peace and security issues at various universities all over the world.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}. After his retirement, he served for a few years as editor of World Affairs, a journal published from New Delhi.

== Assessment by Moynihan ==
Kaul was not much liked in the United States, due to his reputation as being pro-Soviet. When he was named the new ambassador to the US by PM [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1973, then US ambassador to India, [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]], wrote a strongly negative assessment of the “sly” nature of Kaul, according to US cables available from WikiLeaks.

In a cable, sent on March 17, 1973, Moynihan wrote, “Kaul, like Nehru family, is a Kashmiri Brahmin, self-assured to point of arrogance by birth. His career, as ambassador to Moscow and recently as foreign secretary, has been marked by pro- Soviet bias and concomitant anti-American words and deeds.” However, Kaul was also called a sensitive weathervane of Indian foreign policy, enjoying Gandhi’s confidence while foreign secretary. “Thus, he will seek to improve relations with United States, if that is GOI policy, and will criticize our actions, if so instructed,” he said in an otherwise negative assessment of the ambassador, who was to help improve the Indo-US ties that had deteriorated during the 1971 war. “Hopefully, his sense of mission will overcome or mitigate his brahmanical disdain for “materialistic” American and his previous Moscow orientation,” Moynihan said. “I have not yet met him, but all here agree he inclined toward slyness, especially in his dealings with westerners. This latter quality is not only Kashmiri brahaminacal arrogance, it also reflects Kaul’s propensity for misconstruing cleverness for sophistication in diplomatic dealings. As the British say, he is “too clever by half”, a characteristic which many Western chiefs of mission here have found distasteful and trying. The US ambassador said one NATO ambassador “upon hearing of Kaul’s appointment, seized an embassy officer by the lapels and suggested the United States could not possibly extend agreement to Kaul. He alluded to Kaul’s pro-Soviet orientation and his frequent anti-American comments. He quoted former US ambassador to Russia, Foy Kohler, as saying about Kaul: “Not ideologically pro-Soviet as such, but rather a slick ambitious opportunist who, having attained status as a specialist on Communist affairs, has hitched his wagon to the star of improved Indo-Soviet relations.”

This assessment should be taken in context that during the 1970s the relations between United States and the former Soviet Union were hostile at best. And the assessment is a reflection of American sentiments and not truly reflect the works of Kaul.

==Major works==
Kaul was the author of several books on foreign policy.<ref name=kauldead/>

Some of his works include:
* ''Diplomacy in Peace & War: Recollections and Reflections'' (1978)
* ''India, China, and Indochina, Reflections of a Liberated Diplomat'' (1980)
* ''Life in a Himalayan Hamlet'' (1982)
* ''My Years through Raj and Swaraj'' (1993)
* ''A Diplomat’s Diary (1947–1999)'' (2000)

==See also==
* [[Navtej Sarna]]
* [[Syed Akbaruddin]]
* [[Taranjit Singh Sandhu]]
* [[Harsh Vardhan Shringla]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikisource|works=or}}
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/tn-kaul T.N. Kaul materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]]|before=[[Rajeshwar Dayal]]|after=[[Kewal Singh]]|years=1968-1972}}
{{succession box|title=[[Indian Ambassador to the United States]]|before=[[L.K. Jha]]|after=[[Kewal Singh]]|years=1973-1976}}
{{end}}

{{Indian civil servants}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaul, Triloki Nath}}
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the United States]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Foreign secretaries of India]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Iran]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
[[Category:People from Baramulla]]

Amit Singh (scientist)

2025-11-22T23:10:11Z

StevieBavin8727: new some bio added tags!

{{Short description|Indian microbiologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Amit Singh
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|3|18}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Microbiology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]] | [[Indian Institute of Science]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist| [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]] |[[University of Delhi#South Campus|University of Delhi South Campus]] | [[University of Alabama at Birmingham]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist|[[Anil Kumar Tyagi]] | Adrie JC Steyn }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] pathogenesis
| awards = {{ublist| | 2021 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]]| 2017/18 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] }}
}}

'''Amit Singh''' (born 18 March 1976) is an Indian [[microbiologist]] and professor in the Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology at the [[Indian Institute of Science]]. His research focuses on [[pathogenesis]], including drug resistance mechanisms in both [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]] (TB) and [[HIV|human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)]].

== Biography ==
Amit Singh was born on 18 March 1976.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 November 2021 |title=Scientist Amit Singh |url=https://nikhilbharat.com/biography-of-scientist-amit-singh-in-hindi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108225224/https://nikhilbharat.com/biography-of-scientist-amit-singh-in-hindi/ |archive-date=8 January 2022 |newspaper=Hindi Info World}}</ref> He earned a Bachelor of Science from the [[University of Delhi]], and a master's in [[Biotechnology]] from the [[IIT Roorkee|Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]].<ref name="Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR)2">{{Cite web|url=http://cidr.iisc.ernet.in/amit/Group-Leader.html|title=Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR)|date=2019-01-11|website=cidr.iisc.ernet.in|access-date=2019-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112150057/http://cidr.iisc.ernet.in/amit/Group-Leader.html|archive-date=2019-01-12}}</ref> In 2004, he completed a PhD under the supervision of Professor [[Anil Kumar Tyagi]] at the University of Delhi [[University of Delhi#South Campus|South Campus]]. Subsequently, he conducted postdoctoral research in the lab of Dr. Adrie JC Steyn at the [[University of Alabama in Birmingham]] (UAB).<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Alliance - Advancing Discovery & Innovation to Improve Health |url=https://www.indiaalliance.org/fellow/amit-singh |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=www.indiaalliance.org}}</ref>

Upon returning to India in 2010 Singh held a Wellcome Trust-DBT Intermediate Fellowship at the [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]]. In January 2014 he became an assistant professor of [[microbiology]] and [[cell biology]] at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] (IISc).<ref name="MCB2">{{Cite web|url=http://mcbl.iisc.ac.in/Amit-Singh.html|title=MCB|date=2019-01-11|website=mcbl.iisc.ac.in|access-date=2019-01-11|archive-date=13 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113003823/http://mcbl.iisc.ac.in/Amit-Singh.html}}</ref> He leads a research group at the Centre for Infectious Disease Research,<ref name="Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) Group Leader2">{{Cite web|url=http://cidr.iisc.ernet.in/amit/Group-Leader.html|title=Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) Group Leader|date=2019-01-11|website=cidr.iisc.ernet.in|access-date=2019-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112150057/http://cidr.iisc.ernet.in/amit/Group-Leader.html|archive-date=2019-01-12}}</ref> investigating the mechanisms of [[Chronic condition|chronic human infections]] with a focus on [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] and [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV).<ref name="Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) fellows2">{{Cite web|url=http://cidr.iisc.ac.in/amit/Postdoctoral-Fellow.html|title=Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) fellows|date=2019-01-11|website=cidr.iisc.ac.in|access-date=2019-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703065827/http://cidr.iisc.ac.in/amit/Postdoctoral-Fellow.html|archive-date=3 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="Welcome to lab web page of Dr. Amit Singh2">{{Cite web|url=http://cidr.iisc.ac.in/amit/index.html|title=Welcome to lab web page of Dr. Amit Singh|date=2019-01-11|website=cidr.iisc.ac.in|access-date=2019-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004043538/http://cidr.iisc.ac.in/amit/index.html|archive-date=4 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Reengineering Redox Sensitive GFP to Measure Mycothiol Redox Potential of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Infection2">{{Cite journal|last1=Bhaskar|first1=Ashima|last2=Chawla|first2=Manbeena|last3=Mehta|first3=Mansi|last4=Parikh|first4=Pankti|last5=Chandra|first5=Pallavi|last6=Bhave|first6=Devayani|last7=Kumar|first7=Dhiraj|last8=Carroll|first8=Kate|last9=Singh|first9=Amit|date=2014|title=Reengineering Redox Sensitive GFP to Measure Mycothiol Redox Potential of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Infection|journal=PLOS Pathogens|volume=10|issue=1|article-number=e1003902|doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003902|pmc=3907381|pmid=24497832|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Singh has held a Wellcome Trust-DBT Senior Fellowship since 2016.<ref name="India Alliance - About Fellow2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaalliance.org/fellowsprofile/dr-amit-singh-132|title=India Alliance - About Fellow|date=2019-01-11|website=www.indiaalliance.org|access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cidr.iisc.ac.in/amit/publication/|title=Amit Singh Group, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore -- Publication.|access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref> He received the 2017/18 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]] from the [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the [[Government of India]].<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development2">{{Cite web|url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf|title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development|date=2016|publisher=Department of Biotechnology|access-date=2017-11-20|archive-date=4 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf}}</ref>

Singh is a co-inventor on a patent titled "Shortening Tuberculosis Therapy and Reducing Relapse by Co-administering Chloroquine in TB and HIV-TB Co-infected Conditions," filed in 2020 and published in 2021.

In 2021, Singh was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] for his contributions to understanding host-pathogen interactions in [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] and HIV.<ref name="sbprize">{{cite web |title=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (SSB) for Science and Technology 2021 |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/WriteReadData/LatestUpdates/202109260133259214500SSBPrize2021Website.pdf |access-date=26 September 2021 |website=sbprize.gov.in |publisher=[[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]}}</ref> In 2022, Singh was included in the [[Asian Scientist 100]] list.

== Publications ==
=== Most cited articles at University of Alabama ===
* {{cite journal | pmid = 19680450 | doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000545 | volume=5 | title=Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB3 maintains redox homeostasis by regulating virulence lipid anabolism to modulate macrophage response | pmc=2718811 | year=2009 | journal=PLOS Pathog | article-number=e1000545 | last1 = Singh | first1 = A | last2 = Crossman | first2 = DK | last3 = Mai | first3 = D | last4 = Guidry | first4 = L | last5 = Voskuil | first5 = MI | last6 = Renfrow | first6 = MB | last7 = Steyn | first7 = AJ| issue=8 | doi-access=free }} (Cited by 204 articles according to [[Google Scholar]].)
* {{cite journal | pmid = 17609386 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0700490104 | volume=104 | title=Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB3 responds to O2 and nitric oxide via its [4Fe-4S] cluster and is essential for nutrient starvation survival | pmc=1906726 | year=2007 | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | pages=11562–7 | last1 = Singh | first1 = A | last2 = Guidry | first2 = L | last3 = Narasimhulu | first3 = KV | last4 = Mai | first4 = D | last5 = Trombley | first5 = J | last6 = Redding | first6 = KE | last7 = Giles | first7 = GI | last8 = Lancaster | first8 = JR Jr | last9 = Steyn | first9 = AJ| issue=28 | bibcode=2007PNAS..10411562S | doi-access=free }} (Cited by 154 articles according to Google Scholar.)

=== Most cited articles at IISc ===
* Ashima Bhaskar, Manbeena Chawla, Mansi Mehta, Pankti Parikh, Pallavi Chandra, Devayani Bhave, Dhiraj Kumar, Kate S Carroll, Amit Singh. Reengineering redox sensitive GFP to measure mycothiol redox potential of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection. 2014. ''[[PLOS Pathogens]]''. 10:1 e1003902. (Cited by 88 articles according to Google Scholar.)
* Rufai SB, Kumar P, Singh A, Prajapati S, Balooni V, Singh S. Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF with line probe assay for detection of rifampin-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ''[[Journal of Clinical Microbiology|Journal of clinical microbiology]]''. 2014 June; '''52''' (6): 1846–52. (Cited by 76 articles according to Google Scholar.)
* Chawla M, Parikh P, Saxena A, Munshi M, Mehta M, Mai D, Srivastava AK, Narasimhulu KV, Redding KE, Vashi N, Kumar D. Adrie JC Steyn and Amit Singh. Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB4 regulates [[oxidative stress]] response to modulate survival and dissemination in vivo. ''[[Molecular Microbiology (journal)|Molecular microbiology]]''. 2012 September; '''85''' (6): 1148–65. (Cited by 56 articles according to Google Scholar.)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iisc-team-finds-new-approaches-to-kill-tb-bacteria/article25081705.ece|title=IISc team finds new approaches to kill TB bacteria|last=Prasad|first=R.|date=2018-09-29|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2019-01-11|language=en-IN}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://researchmatters.in/article/how-do-tb-bacteria-develop-resistance-common-antibiotics-new-study-iisc-attempts-answer|title=How do TB bacteria develop resistance to common antibiotics? A new study at IISc attempts to answer this|date=2017-07-06|website=Research Matters|language=en|access-date=2019-01-11}}

== External links ==
* [http://cidr.iisc.ac.in/amit/ Official home page at IISc]
{{N-BIOS Laureates 2010–2019}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Amit}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Indian immunologists]]
[[Category:Indian microbiologists]]
[[Category:Indian virologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Roorkee alumni]]
[[Category:University of Alabama at Birmingham alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

Sahariya (caste)

2025-11-15T18:09:45Z

StevieBavin8727: New

{{Short description|North Indian caste community}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{for|the tribe of Madhya Pradesh|Saharia}}
{{ethnic group|
|group= Saharia
|poptime =
|popplace = India
|langs = • [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|rels= • [[Hinduism]] 100%
|related= • [[Panika]] • [[Parahiya]] • [[Bind (tribe)|Bind]]
}}
The '''Sahariya''' are a community found in the [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[North India]], which is administered by the states of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. They are also known as Rawat, Banrawat, Banrakha and Soarain.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A Hasan & J C Das pages 1231 to 1235</ref>

==History and origin==

The term ''saharia'' is derived from the [[Hindi]] word ''sahra'', meaning jungle, thus Sahariya means jungle dwellers. They trace their origin from Shabri of the ''[[Ramayana]]''. Others claim descent from Baiju Bheel, a worshiper of the [[Hindu]] god [[Shiva]]. The community is divided into several exogamous [[gotra]]s, the main ones being Sanauna, Rajauria, Chandele, Rohtele, Solanki, Khareyia, Bagolia, Jecheria, Kusmorna, Chakardiya, Kurwana and Theogana.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1232 to 1236</ref>

==Present circumstances==
The Sahariya are found in the Bundelkhand region, which covers parts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh states. This region is covered with thick and thin forest, with low rainfall, and is home to number of other tribal communities such as the [[Chero]] and [[Kol people|Kol]]. Forests are a major economic resource for the Sahariya community. Their traditional occupations are cutting wood, collecting honey, making baskets, mining and quarrying, and breaking stones. Basketry is also an important craft the community.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1234</ref>

The community has a caste council, headed by a [[patel]], and the council imposes fines and social boycotts on the offenders found guilty of committing rape, elopement and adultery.{{cn|date=February 2017}}

The Sahariya are Hindu and worship a number of local deities such as Bhavani, Gond Devta, Bundela Devta, Soorin and Bijasur.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1235</ref>

The [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] had classified them as a [[Scheduled Caste]] but by 2007, they were one of several groups that it had redesignated as [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=State At A Glance - Uttar Pradesh |date=July 2007 |journal=Pratiyogita Darpan |volume=2 |issue=13 |page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7egDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT72|last1=Darpan |first1=Pratiyogita }}</ref> As of 2017, this designation applied only in [[Lalitpur District, India|Lalitpur district]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tribal.nic.in/WriteReadData/CMS/Documents/201212010356439267578File1068.pdf |title=State wise Scheduled Tribes — Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=2017-02-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123041643/http://tribal.nic.in/WriteReadData/CMS/Documents/201212010356439267578File1068.pdf |archivedate=2016-11-23 }}</ref> as it also did at the time of the [[2011 Census of India]] when the Sahariya Scheduled Caste population in Uttar Pradesh was 23,644. The figure for the Rawat population at that time was 213,326.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2017-02-06}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Scheduled Tribes in Uttar Pradesh]]
Saharia
* {{cite book |title=The Saharias |last=Naik |first=Thakorlal Bharabhai |year=1922 |publisher=SyneSine Press |lccn=88-901295 }}
: Ethnological study of the Saharia tribe of Morena District, Madhya Pradesh

Joshi, Vibha 1987 'A Primitive Tribe of Madhya Pradesh: Social Organization and Religion of the Sahariya'. M.Phil Dissertation. Department of Anthropology, Delhi University.

V.J.Patel(Vibha Joshi) 1993. 35 minute ethnographic film 'The Sahariya of Madhya Pradesh' filmed in 1992-3 in Sheopur kala division (now a district), in Palpur village in Palpur-Kuno forest, and in Agra, Ameth Parond and other villages of Morena, M.P. (includes an interview of surrendered dacoit, Ramesh Singh Sikarwar) . Anthropological Survey of India.Kolkatta Also see:

Srivastava, Vinay Kumar 2016 'Speaking of Caste: Merit of the Principle of Segmentation', Sociological Bulletin.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Tribes of Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahariya (Caste)}}
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]

Mannamkandam

2025-11-10T17:23:57Z

StevieBavin8727: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

{{Short description|Village in Kerala}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mannamkandam
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Munnar Snapshot 13.jpg
| image_caption = WSW view from the eastern end limits of Mannamkandam. Taken from [[National Highway 85 (India)|National Highway 85]].
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|01|38|N|76|54|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Devikulam taluk|Devikulam]]
| government_type = [[Sarpanch]]
| area_total_km2 = 340.88
| elevation_m = 642
| population_total = 40593
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 685561
| area_code = 04865
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD code]]
| registration_plate = KL-68
}}'''Mannamkandam''' is a village in [[Devikulam taluk|Devikulam Taluk]], [[Idukki district|Idukki District]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is located near the town of [[Adimali]], approximately 22 kilometres northwest of the district capital [[Painavu]], and 26 kilometres west of the taluk capital [[Devikulam]]. In 2011, it had a population of 40,593.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302073337/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2023-03-02 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Mannamkandam is located west of the [[Cardamom Hills]]. The [[National Highway 85 (India)|National Highway 85]] passes through the village. It has an area of 34088 hectares.
[[File:Views around Munnar, Kerala (128).jpg|thumb|none|Valara Waterfalls seen from National Highway 85]]

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Mannamkandam has 10,368 households. Among the 40,593 residents, 20,270 are male and 20,323 are female. The literacy rate is 79.27%, with 16,551 of the male population and 15,629 of the female population being literate. Its census location code is 628056.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Idukki district}}

[[Category:Villages in Idukki district]]
[[Category:Mannan]]

{{Idukki-geo-stub}}

Nicholas Ostler

2025-11-05T10:37:00Z

StevieBavin8727:

{{short description|British scholar and author (born 1952)}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
'''Nicholas Ostler''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|oʊ|s|t|l|ər}}{{refn|group=nb|This is different from the pronunciation of the common noun ''ostler'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|s|l|ə}}.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200223150259/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ostler Ostler <nowiki>|</nowiki> Meaning of Ostler by Lexico]</ref>}}; born 20 May 1952, [[Royal Tunbridge Wells|Tunbridge Wells]]) is a British scholar, linguist, and author.<ref>"Ostler, Nicholas 1952–." ''Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series'', edited by Mary Ruby, vol. 321, Gale, 2017, pp. 316-319. Gale eBooks. Accessed 5 Nov. 2025.</ref>

== Biography and work ==
Ostler studied at [[Balliol College, Oxford]], where he received degrees in [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin language|Latin]], philosophy, and economics. He later studied under [[Noam Chomsky]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], where he earned his PhD in [[linguistics]] and [[Sanskrit]].<ref>https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/author/nicholas-ostler/</ref>

His 2005 book ''Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World'' documents the spread of [[language]] throughout recorded [[human history]]. The book documents and explains the spread of the various Semitic languages of Mesopotamia, including Akkadian and Aramaic, examines the resilience of Chinese through the centuries, and looks into the differential expansion of Latin in both halves of the Roman Empire, along with the many other expansions of the world's (historical) languages.

His 2007 book ''Ad Infinitum: A Biography of Latin'' looks specifically at the language of the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], both before and after the existence of their [[Empire]]. The story focuses on the rise, spread, and dominance of [[Latin]], both among other languages of the Italian peninsula in the early part of the 1st millennium BC and among the languages of Western Europe in the [[Dark Ages (historiography)|Dark Ages]] and beyond, presenting the life of Latin as any biographer would present the life of his subject. With this book, Ostler provides a strong argument against the label 'dead language' so often assigned to Latin. However, the title, 'Ad Infinitum,' refers not to this, but to his thesis that the Latin-speaking world was unconscious of its own limits, looking always back to its centre, rather than outwards.

He is currently the chairman of the [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]], and lives in [[Hungerford, Berkshire|Hungerford]], [[England]].

In 2013, he wrote the foreword for Navlipi, the publication of a universal script that deals with phonemic idiosyncrasies inherent in all the world's languages.

==Works==
*''[[Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World]]''. HarperCollins: London and New York, 2005. {{ISBN|0066210860}}
*''Ad Infinitum: A Biography of Latin''. HarperCollins in the UK, and Walker & Co. in the USA: London and New York, 2007. {{ISBN|9780802715159}}
*''The Last Lingua Franca: English until the Return to Babel''. Penguin in the UK, and Bloomsbury/Walker Books in the USA. London and New York, 2010. {{ISBN|0802717713}}
*''Passwords to Paradise: How Languages Have Re-invented World Religions.'' Bloomsbury. London and New York, 2016. {{ISBN|978-1-62040-515-4}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522210327/http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/20847/Nicholas_Ostler/index.aspx Author: Nicholas Ostler], HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 January 2007.
*Ostler, Nicholas. ''Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World.'' New York: Harper Perennial, 2005. {{ISBN|0-06-093572-3}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309212500/http://www.apwatt.co.uk/frame.asp?left=titles_left.asp%3Ftitle_id%3D1880&right=title_full.asp%3Ftitle_id%3D1880 Author: Nicholas Ostler], AP Watt (literary agent). Retrieved 26 July 2010.

==External links==
*{{Official|http://www.nicholasostler.com/}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ostler, Nicholas}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:20th-century British linguists]]
[[Category:21st-century British linguists]]

Miss Diva 2023

2025-09-30T11:52:04Z

StevieBavin8727: done

{{short description|11th edition of Miss Diva}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox beauty pageant
|image =
|photo =
|caption =
|date = 27 August 2023
|presenters = {{Hlist|Sachin Kumbhar}}Supreet Bedi
|acts = {{Hlist|[[Pulkit Samrat]]|[[Hari & Sukhmani]]|Kumar Kathak Rockers}}
|venue = The LaLiT, [[Mumbai]], India
|broadcaster = [[JioCinema]]
|entrants = 16
|placements = 7
|winner = {{plainlist|
*'''[[Shweta Sharda]]''' '''[[Sonal Kukreja]]'''
}}
|before = [[Miss Diva 2022|2022]]
|next = [[Miss Diva 2024|2024]]
|photogenic = Nickita Arora [[Faridabad]]
}}
'''Miss Diva 2023''' was the 11th edition of the [[Miss Diva]] pageant, held at The LaLit in [[Mumbai]], India, on 27 August 2023.

At the end of the event, [[Divita Rai]] crowned her successor [[Shweta Sharda]], while [[Pragnya Ayyagari]] crowned her successor [[Sonal Kukreja]]. Sharda represented [[India]] at [[Miss Universe 2023]] in [[El Salvador]] on 18 November 2023, where she finished in the top 20, and Kukreja represented India at [[Miss Supranational 2024]] in [[Poland]] on 17 July 2024, where she finished in the top 12.<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's time to discover who you are! Rewrite your destiny with LIVA Miss Diva 2023|url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/its-time-to-discover-who-you-are-rewrite-your-destiny-with-liva-miss-diva-2023/videoshow/101548581.cms?from=mdr|website=beautypageants.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

==Results==
===Placements===
;Color keys
{{plainlist|
* {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} The contestant secured victory in an international pageant.
* {{Color box|#FFFF66|border=darkgray}} The contestant finished as a runner-up in an international pageant.
* {{Color box|#FFFACD|border=darkgray}} The contestant reached the semi-finals in an international pageant.
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Placement
! Contestant
! International Placement
|-align="center" style="background:#FFFACD;"
| '''Miss Diva Universe 2023'''
|
* '''[[Shweta Sharda]]'''
| {{Center|Top 20 – [[Miss Universe 2023]]}}
|-align="center" style="background:#FFFACD;"
| '''Miss Diva Supranational 2024'''
|
* '''[[Sonal Kukreja]]'''
| {{Center|Top 12 – [[Miss Supranational 2024]]}}
|-align="center"

|-
| '''1st Runner Up'''

|• [[Trisha Shetty]]
|-
| '''2nd runner up'''

|• Daisy Khound
|-
| '''3rd runner up'''

|• Nickita Arora
|-
| '''4th runner up'''

|• Zuchobeni Tungoe
|-
| '''Top 7'''
|• Aruna Beniwal
|}

==Sub-Contests==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Sub-Contest
! Winner
|-
! Miss Popular Choice
|
*Zuchobeni Tungoe
|-
! Miss Glamorous
|
* Arushi Singh
|-
! Miss Photogenic
|
* Nickita Arora
|-
! Miss Talented
|
* Zuchobeni Tungoe
* [[Shweta Sharda]]
|-
! Miss Body Beautiful
|
*[[Shweta Sharda]]
|-
! Miss Rampwalk
|
* Daisy Khound
|-
! Miss Sudoku
|
* Arushi Singh
|}

==Format==
In contrast to the competition's previous year's model, where the representatives were appointed, this year will see a return to the competition's standard format, with the initial process beginning with registration and auditions and ending with the shortlisting of candidates to the grand finale.

For the first time in its history, the pageant accepts applications from participants of all relationship statuses - married, divorced, pregnant, engaged, widowed and trans women. Additionally, the height standard has been changed to a reduced format.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIVA Miss Diva 2023 Launches Today|url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/liva-miss-diva-2023-launches-today/articleshow/101184415.cms?from=mdr|website=beautypageants.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

==Selection Committee==
* [[Harnaaz Sandhu]] - [[Miss Universe 2021]]
* [[Srinidhi Shetty]] - [[Miss Supranational 2016]]
* [[Sangeeta Bijlani]] - Femina Miss India Universe 1980
* [[Pratik Gandhi]] - Actor
* Jatin Kampani - Celebrity Photographer
* Nikita Mhaisalkar - Celebrity & Grand Finale Gown Designer
* Abhishek Sharma - Celebrity Designer

== Contestants ==
The following are the official contestants:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daisy Khound crowned North East Diva 2023, wins a direct entry at Miss Diva 2023|url=https://beautypageants.in/miss-diva/daisy-khound-crowned-north-east-diva-2023-wins-a-direct-entry-at-miss-diva-2023/articleshow/101635713.cms|website=beautypageants.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!scope="col";| Nu.
!scope="col" | Contestant
!scope="col" | Age{{efn|Ages at the time of the pageant}}
!scope="col" | Height
!scope="col" | Hometown
!scope="col" | Placement
|-
| 1
| Aishwarya Dikshit
| 27
| {{Height|ft=5|in=5}}
| [[Mumbai]]
|
|-
| 2
| Aayushi Tiwari
| 25
| {{Height|ft=5|in=9}}
| [[Balaghat]]
|
|-
| 3
| Apurva Chavan
| 26
| {{Height|ft=5|in=5}}
| [[Pune]]
|
|-
| 4
| Archana Bhavsar
| 22
| {{Height|ft=5|in=8}}
| [[Mumbai]]
|
|-
| 5
| Arushi Singh
| 22
| {{Height|ft=5|in=7}}
| [[Jaipur]]
|
|-style="background-color:#FFFACD"
| 6
| Aruna Beniwal
| 21
| {{Height|ft=5|in=7}}
| [[Jaipur]]
| align="center"|Top 7
|-style="background-color:#FFFACD"
| 7
| Daisy Khound {{efn|Winner of Miss North East Diva, a regional Miss Diva sister pageant, get direct spot as a finalist at Miss Diva national competition.}}
| 22
| {{Height|ft=5|in=9}}
| [[Jorhat]]
| align="center"|Top 7
|-
| 8
| Devyani Jagtap
| 23
| {{Height|ft=5|in=6}}
| [[Pune]]
|
|-
| 9
| Gopika Suresh
| 24
| {{Height|ft=5|in=5}}
| [[Kannur]]
|
|-style="background-color:#FFFACD"
| 10
| Nickita Arora
| 24
| {{Height|ft=5|in=7}}
| [[Faridabad]]
| align="center"|Top 7
|-
| 11
| Sarannya Sharma
| 19
| {{Height|ft=5|in=6}}
| [[Delhi]]
|
|-style="background-color:gold ; font-weight: bold"
| 12
| [[Sonal Kukreja]]
| 25
| {{Height|ft=5|in=9}}
| [[Jaipur]]
| align="center"|Miss Diva Supranational 2024
|-style="background-color:gold ; font-weight: bold"
| 13
| [[Shweta Sharda]]
| 22
| {{Height|ft=5|in=11}}
| [[Chandigarh]]
| align="center"|Miss Diva Universe 2023
|-style="background-color:#FFF83B ; font-weight: bold"
| 14
| Trisha Shetty
| 22
| {{Height|ft=5|in=9}}
| [[Mumbai]]
| align="center"|Runner-up
|-
| 15
| Vidhi Giri
| 22
| {{Height|ft=5|in=7}}
| [[Chandigarh]]
|
|-style="background-color:#FFFACD"
| 16
| Zuchobeni Tungoe
| 25
| {{Height|ft=5|in=7}}
| [[Kohima]]
| align="center"|Top 7
|}

== Crossovers ==
The following are contestants who have competed in other national beauty pageants:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Pageant
! Year
! Delegate
! Placement
|-
| rowspan="10"|[[Femina Miss India]]
| [[Femina Miss India 2019|2019]]
| Vidhi Giri
| Regional Finalist (Top 3 from [[Punjab, India|Punjab]])
|-
| rowspan=3|[[Femina Miss India 2020|2020]]
| Aruna Beniwal
| Top 15
|-
| Trisha Shetty
|
|-
| Zuchobeni Tüngoe
| Top 15
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Femina Miss India 2022|2022]]
| Aishwarya Dikshit
| Regional Finalist (Top 19 from [[Maharashtra]])
|-
| Daisy Khound
| Regional Finalist (Top 10 from [[Assam]])
|-
| rowspan=4|[[Femina Miss India 2023|2023]]
|-
| Apurva Chavan
| Top 7
|-
| Devyani Jagtap
| Regional Finalist (Top 25 from [[Maharashtra]])
|-
| Gopika Suresh
| Regional Finalist (Top 10 from [[Kerala]])
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Miss Diva]]
| [[Miss Diva 2018|2018]]
| Apurva Chavan
| Top 10
|-
| [[Miss Diva 2021|2021]]
| [[Sonal Kukreja]]
| 1st Runner-up
|-
| rowspan=3|[[Glamanand Supermodel India]]
| 2019
| Trisha Shetty
| 1st Runner-up
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Glamanand Supermodel India 2021|2021]]
| Aishwarya Dikshit
| Top 15
|-
| Arushi Singh
| Top 8
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Miss Diva}}

[[Category:2023 beauty pageants]]
[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:Miss Diva]]

A. S. Arya

2025-09-24T23:17:27Z

StevieBavin8727: new a details needs work!

{{Short description|Indian structural engineer (1931–2019)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. S. Arya
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 13 June 1931
| birth_place = [[Ambehta]], [[Saharanpur District]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date = 1 Sept 2019
| death_place = Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
| restingplace = New Delhi
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| alma_mater = [[University of Roorkee]] [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]
| occupation = Structural Engineer
| yearsactive = Since 1961
| known for = Earthquake engineering [[Disaster management]]
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Khosla National Award ISET Jai Krishna Award [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|FICCI]] Award [[Institution of Engineers (India)|IE (I)]] National Design Award [[United Nations]] Sasakawa Disaster Prevention Award Disaster Mitigation Award
}}
'''Anand Swarup Arya''' (1931-2019) was an Indian [[Structural engineering|structural engineer]], known for his expertise in the soil and foundation engineering and earthquake [[disaster management]].<ref name="NICEE">{{cite web |title=In Memoriam |url=https://www.nicee.org/Prof-Arya-Obituary.pdf |website=National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> He is a former chairman of the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] (BIS) Committee on Earthquake Engineering and a recipient of the [[United Nations]] Sasakawa Disaster Prevention Award of 1997. The [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Padma Shri]], the country’s fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2002.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
[[File:Main(Administrative)Building IIT-Roorkee.JPG|thumb|240px|Administrative Building IIT-Roorkee]]
Arya was born in a small [[Uttar Pradesh]] village of [[Ambehta]] in [[Saharanpur district]] on 13 June 1931 and secured his graduate degree (BE) in civil engineering and master's degree (ME) in Structural engineering (1954) from [[University of Roorkee]] (present-day [[Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee]]). Joining the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] in 1959, he secured a doctoral degree in 1961.<ref name="Gems of Structural Engineering">{{cite web | url=http://www.sefindia.org/forum/download.php?id=6066 | title=Gems of Structural Engineering | publisher=SEF India | date=2015 | access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref> He started his career as a member of faculty at the University of Roorkee where he served for 36 years till his superannuation 1989.<ref name="Indian Fellow">{{cite web|url=http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N81-0025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121304/http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=N81-0025 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-03-04 |title=Indian Fellow |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |date=2015 |access-date=10 November 2015 }}</ref> During his career, he rose in ranks to become a professor and the head of the department of Earthquake Engineering and finally, the Pro-vice chancellor of the university. After his retirement, he was made the Emeritus Professor of the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee.<ref name="Indian Fellow" />

== Legacy ==
As the head of the faculty of Earthquake engineering at IIT Roorkee, Arya started many courses in the subject at the institution as well as other institutions in India and founded an interdisciplinary Department of Earthquake Engineering in the IIT.<ref name="Gems of Structural Engineering" /> His contributions are reported in the development of new methods and structural designs suited for small and larger buildings, bridges, reservoirs and atomic power plants. He has conducted training classes in structural designing in India as well as other countries such as Yugoslavia, Japan, Thailand, Philippines, Afghanistan and Nepal.<ref name="Indian Fellow" />

Arya is one of the founders of the Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, along with the renowned engineer, [[Jai Krishna]].<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He has guided 71 research scholars in their master's and doctoral studies.<ref name="Gems of Structural Engineering" /> He has served as the director of the International Association of Earthquake Engineering during 1977-80 and 1980–84 and has been a consultant to United Nations agencies such as [[UNESCO]], [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]] (UNCHS) and United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) as well as the [[World Bank]].<ref name="Luminaries">{{cite web | url=http://www.iitr.ac.in/institute/pages/Heritage+Luminaries.html | title=Luminaries | publisher=Indian Institute of Technology Rourkee | date=2015 | access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref> He is a former chairman of the ''Committee on CED 39 on Earthquake Engineering Codes'' of the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] and a sitting member of the Bihar State Disaster Management Authority (BSDMA).<ref name="Members">{{cite web | url=http://bsdma.org/AboutUs.aspx?id=6 | title=Members | publisher=Bihar State Disaster Management Authority (BSDMA) | date=2015 | access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref> He has been National Seismic Advisor of the [[United Nations Development Program]] (UNDP) sponsored Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction Programme and headed the National Seismic Zoning Committee.<ref name="Ahmedabad in seismic zone three, says seismologist">{{cite web | url=http://www.gujaratplus.com/news/archives/arc58.html | title=Ahmedabad in seismic zone three, says seismologist | publisher=Gujarat Plus | date=9 February 2001 | access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref> Arya has published three books, ''Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Non-engineered Construction'',<ref name="Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Non-engineered Construction">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLNQAAAAYAAJ | title=Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Non-engineered Construction | publisher=International Association for Earthquake Engineering | author=A. S. Arya | year=1986 | pages=158}}</ref> ''Masonry & Timber Structures Including Earthquake Resistant Design''<ref name="Masonry & Timber Structures Including Earthquake Resistant Design">{{cite book | url=http://www.sterlingbookhouse.com/proddetail.asp?prod=83978 | title=Masonry & Timber Structures Including Earthquake Resistant Design | publisher=Sterling Books | author=A. S. Arya | year=2006 | isbn=9788185240053 | access-date=11 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801074800/http://www.sterlingbookhouse.com/proddetail.asp?prod=83978 | archive-date=1 August 2017 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and ''Earthquake Disaster Reduction: Masonry Building, Design, and Construction''<ref name="Earthquake Disaster Reduction: Masonry Building, Design, and Construction">{{cite book | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/8095913?q&versionId=9328603 | title=Earthquake Disaster Reduction: Masonry Building, Design, and Construction | publisher=National Institute of Disaster Management, KW Publishers | author=A. S. Arya | year=2007 | isbn=9788187966500}}</ref> on structural design and earthquake-resistant construction techniques. He is also the founder of '''Anand Swaroop Arya Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Roorkee''' school. In this school, he wants the students to gain knowledge of Indian culture and sacraments. He has also co-authored ''Design of Steel Structures'' along with J. L. Ajmani<ref name="Design of Steel Structures">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k_vbAAAAIAAJ | title=Design of Steel Structures | publisher=Nemchand | author=A. S. Arya, J. L. Ajmani | year=1964 | pages=888}}</ref> and ''Response of Arches Under Earthquake Excitation'' with S. K. Thakkar.<ref name="Response of Arches Under Earthquake Excitation">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StZxHQAACAAJ | title=Response of Arches Under Earthquake Excitation | publisher=University of Roorkee | author=A. S. Arya, S. K. Thakkar | year=1972}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
Arya is an elected Fellow of the [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (INAE)<ref name="INAE Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://inae.in/search-of-fellows/ | title=INAE Fellows | publisher=Indian National Academy of Engineering | date=2015 | access-date=10 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403030936/http://inae.in/search-of-fellows/ | archive-date=3 April 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and the [[Institution of Engineers (India)]].<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> The [[Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee]] awarded him the annual research award, ''Khosla National Award'', in 1980 and he received the ''Jai Krishna Award'' of the Indian Society of Earthquake Technology in 1982.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> The ''FICCI award'' of the [[Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] reached him in 1986, followed by the ''National Design Award'' of the [[Institution of Engineers (India)]], the next year.<ref name="Luminaries" /> The [[United Nations]] honoured him with the ''Sasakawa Disaster Prevention Award'' in 1997.<ref name="OBSERVATORIO SISMOLOGICO DEL SUR-OCCIDENTE (COLOMBIA), ANAND S. ARYA (INDIA) TO RECEIVE 1997 SASAKAWA/DHA DISASTER PREVENTION AWARD">{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/press/en/1997/19971210.IHA641.html | title=OBSERVATORIO SISMOLOGICO DEL SUR-OCCIDENTE (COLOMBIA), ANAND S. ARYA (INDIA) TO RECEIVE 1997 SASAKAWA/DHA DISASTER PREVENTION AWARD | publisher=United Nations | date=10 December 1997 | access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] included him in the 2002 [[Indian honours system|Republic Day honours]] list for the [[Padma Shri]], India’s fourth-highest civilian award.<ref name="Padma Awards" /> The [[National Institute of Disaster Management (India)|National Institute of Disaster Management]], an autonomous body under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], awarded him the ''Disaster Mitigation Award'' in 2006.<ref name="Indian Fellow" />

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book | title=Design of Steel Structures | publisher=Nemchand | author=A. S. Arya, J. L. Ajmani | year=1964 | pages=888}}
* {{cite book | title=Response of Arches Under Earthquake Excitation | publisher=University of Roorkee | author=A. S. Arya, S. K. Thakkar | year=1972}}
* {{cite book | title=Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Non-engineered Construction | publisher=International Association for Earthquake Engineering | author=A. S. Arya | year=1986 | pages=158}}
* {{cite book | title=Masonry & Timber Structures Including Earthquake Resistant Design | publisher=Sterling Books | author=A. S. Arya | year=2006 | isbn=9788185240053}}
* {{cite book | title=Earthquake Disaster Reduction : Masonry Building, Design, and Construction | publisher=National Institute of Disaster Management, KW Publishers | author=A. S. Arya | year=2007 | isbn=9788187966500}}

== See also ==
{{Div col}}
* [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35700858 | title=Libraries Australia AuthoritiesProfile | publisher=National Library of Australia | date=2015 | access-date=10 November 2015}}

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arya, A. S.}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:People from Saharanpur district]]
[[Category:Indian structural engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]
[[Category:Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation]]
[[Category:Earthquake engineering]]
[[Category:IIT Roorkee alumni]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council]]
[[Category:United Nations Development Programme officials]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Roorkee]]
[[Category:Grainger College of Engineering alumni]]

RLSY College, Bakhtiyarpur

2025-09-13T18:03:22Z

StevieBavin8727: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Degree college in Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date = March 2020}}

{{Infobox college
| name = Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College
| native_name = राम लखन सिंह यादव महाविद्यालय
| native_name_lang = hi
| image = Logo of RLSY College, Bakhtiyarpur.png
| motto =
| established = {{Start date and age|1964}}
| affiliation = [[Patliputra University]]
| principal = Dr. P.K. Verma
| address = [[Bakhtiarpur]]
| city = [[Patna]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| postalcode = 803212
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|27|16|N|85|32|16|E|display=inline,title|type:edu}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.rlsycollegebakhtiyarpur.ac.in/}}
}}
'''RLSY College, Bakhtiyarpur''' also known as '''Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College''' is a degree college in [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/naac-tag-eludes-several-colleges/articleshow/68744878.cms|title=NAAC tag eludes several colleges|date= 6 April 2019|first=Kumod|last=Verma|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-03-02|last3=|first3=}}</ref> It is a constituent unit of [[Patliputra University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ppup.ac.in/college-lists/1|title=Patliputra University, Patna|website=www.ppup.ac.in|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref>
The college offers [[Undergraduate degree]] in arts, science and conducts some vocational courses.

== History ==
The college was established in 1964. It became a constituent unit of [[Patliputra University]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.way2college.com/colleges/patna/r-l-s-y-college-bakhtiyarpur|title=R.l.s.y. College, Bakhtiyarpur, Patna Admission, Contact, Ranking 2020|website=Way2College|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref>

== Degrees and courses ==
The college offers the following degrees and courses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collegedunia.com/college/3663-ram-lakhan-singh-yadav-college-rlsy-patna|title=Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College - [RLSY], Patna|website=Collegedunia|language=en|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref>

* Bachelor's degree
** [[Bachelor of Arts]]
** [[Bachelor of Science]]
* Vocational courses
** [[Bachelor of Computer Application]]
** [[Bachelor of Business Administration]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.rlsycollegebakhtiyarpur.org/ Official website of college]
* [http://www.ppup.ac.in/ Patliputra University website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909234325/http://ppup.ac.in/ |date=9 September 2019 }}

{{Patliputra University}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Constituent colleges of Patliputra University]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Patna]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Bihar]]

A. Raja (Kerala politician)

2025-07-21T05:41:44Z

StevieBavin8727: improved citations per sources per sources

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{for|politician from Tamil Nadu|A. Raja}}
{{Indian patronymic|Raja|Anthony}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = A. Raja
| native_name =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency_AM = [[Devikulam (State Assembly constituency)|Devikulam]]
| assembly = Kerala Legislative
| termstart = May 2021
| termend = Present
| alma_mater = [[Government Law College, Coimbatore]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| source =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|10|17}}
| birth_place = [[Kerala]]
| spouse = Shyni Priya
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| children = Akshara, Aradhya
}}

'''Anthony Raja''' is an Indian politician who is serving as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Devikulam (State Assembly constituency)|Devikulam]] Constituency from May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1188.htm?ac=88|access-date=2021-05-02|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref> He was disqualified for being elected from an [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] constituency as he was a Christian and not a member of any SC community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-20 |title=Kerala HC declares A Raja's election null and void: Can Christians, Muslims claim SC status? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/kerala-high-court-a-raja-election-null-void-dalit-christian-8508351/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Benny |first=Navya |date=2023-03-20 |title='Practising Christian, Not A Scheduled Caste Member': Kerala High Court Annuls CPM MLA A Raja's Election From Reserved Constituency |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/kerala-high-court-cpm-a-raja-election-void-conversion-hindu-reserved-constituency-224262 |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> The decision was stayed by the Supreme Court subsequently and the final decision on the matter is pending as on 3 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sebastian |first=Sheryl |date=2023-04-29 |title=Supreme Court Stays Order Of Kerala High Court That Annuled CPM MLA A Raja's Election From Reserved Constituency |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-stays-order-of-kerala-high-court-that-annuled-cpm-mla-a-rajas-election-from-reserved-constituency-227509 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-26 |title=Supreme Court reserves verdict on Devikulam MLA A. Raja’s appeal against Kerala HC invalidation of his 2021 poll victory |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-reserves-verdict-on-devikulam-mla-a-rajas-appeal-against-kerala-hc-invalidation-of-his-2021-poll-victory/article68685665.ece |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members.htm |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
A. Raja was born on 17 October 1986, to Anthony Lakshmanan and Easwary, who were plantation workers. He is an advocate by profession, practising in Munsiff Court, Devikulam since 2009. He finished his LLB from Govt. Law College, Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ദേവികുളത്ത് അഡ്വ.എ രാജ സിപിഐ എം സ്ഥാനാര്‍ത്ഥി|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/devikulam-cpim-candidate-a-raja/930300|access-date=2021-05-23|website=Deshabhimani|language=ml}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Raja defeated D. Kumar of UDF by 7848 votes in the Kerala Legislative Assembly Election, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ആലയ്ക്കാപ്പള്ളി|first=സാജു|title=രാജ- ദേവികുളത്തിന്റെ രാജാധിരാജ|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/election/2021/kerala-assembly-election/districtwise/idukki/adv-raja-wins-devikulam-assembly-seat-1.5637490|access-date=2021-05-23|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523111747/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/election/2021/kerala-assembly-election/districtwise/idukki/adv-raja-wins-devikulam-assembly-seat-1.5637490|url-status=dead}}</ref> He erred in taking oath as Member of Legislative Assembly and was fined Rs 2,500.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-06-07|title=Kerala CPI(M) MLA A. Raja asked to pay fine of ₹2,500|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-cpim-mla-a-raja-asked-to-pay-fine-of-2500/article34754363.ece|access-date=2021-06-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In March 2023, [[Kerala High Court]] declared that his election to [[Devikulam Assembly constituency]] is void on grounds of the production of fake caste certificate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fake caste certificate: Devikulam MLA Raja's election declared void |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/mar/21/fake-caste-certificate-devikulam-mla-rajas-election-declared-void-2557958.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raja, A.}}
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Kerala-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Raichur Fort

2025-07-19T03:46:25Z

StevieBavin8727: quick update intro and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox Military Structure
| name = Raichur Fort
| partof =
| location = [[Raichur]], [[India]]
| native_name =
| caption = Raichur Fort
| image = Raichur Fort 1.jpg
| map_type = India Karnataka
| map_size = 300
| map_caption =
| type = [[Fort]]
| coordinates = {{coord|16|2|N|77|37|E}}
| code =
| built = {{start date and age |1294}}
| builder = [[Kakatiya dynasty]]
| materials =
| height =
| used =
| demolished =
| condition = Ruins
| open_to_public = Yes
| controlledby = [[Government of Karnataka]]
| garrison =
| current_commander =
| commanders =
| occupants =
| battles =
| events =
| image2 =
| caption2 =
}}

'''Raichur Fort'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Beautiful Raichur Fort Full Travel Guide 2020|url=https://www.forttrek.com/raichur-fort-full-travel/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Fort Trek|language=en}}</ref> is a fortress located on a hilltop in the heart of the [[Raichur]] in [[North Karnataka]].

The [[Raichur]] region ([[Raichur Doab]]) has been ruled by several families; the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], [[Rashtrakutas]], [[Vijayanagar Empire]], [[Bahmanis]] and [[Nizams]].

== History ==
Fortifications have existed since the time of the [[Chalukyas of Badami]] ; during the rule of [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]] the fort was renovated. The present fort was constructed in 1294 CE during Kakatiya rule. An inscription records that it was built by Raja Vithala by order of Raja Gore Gangaya Raddivaru, minister of Queen [[Rudrama Devi|Rudramma Devi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.karnatakaarchaeology.gov.in/fort-raichur/|title=Raichur Fort|website=Government of Karnataka - Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage|language=en-US|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-date=26 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426080026/http://www.karnatakaarchaeology.gov.in/fort-raichur/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The fort was of strategic importance to the [[Bahmani Sultanate]], who significantly expanded the structure.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |title=Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Mark Zebrowski |isbn=978-0-511-46884-1 |location=Cambridge |pages=36 |oclc=268771115}}</ref>

During the rule of [[Vijayanagara Empire]], [[Krishnadevaraya]] built the north entrance in celebration of one of his conquests.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Raichur Fort 3.jpg|Raichur fort
File:Iron Cannon On Hill Top Raichur.jpg|Iron Cannon
</gallery>

The fort is known for its many inscriptions, in several languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museums.ap.nic.in/manuscrip.html|title=Manuscripts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410001700/http://museums.ap.nic.in/manuscrip.html|archive-date=10 April 2009|url-status=|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>

In March 2011, 95 red granite balls and a cannon dated to the 13th Century were discovered by engineers cleaning the north west wall of the fort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/95-stone-balls-found-in-Raichur-fort/article14934780.ece|title=95 stone balls found in Raichur fort|last=Rao|first=D. K Kishan|date=5 March 2011|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 April 2018|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==See also==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Malliabad|Malliabad Fort]]
* [[Jaladurga]]
* [[Mudgal|Mudgal Fort]]
* [[Vijayanagar Empire]]
* [[Chalukyas]]
* [[Kakatiyas]]
* [[Musunuri Nayaks]]
* [[Raichur]]
* [[Forts of Karnataka]]
* [[North Karnataka]]
{{colend}}
==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{commons category|Raichur Fort}}

{{Forts in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Raichur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Raichur district]]

Nishadha kingdom

2025-03-07T17:26:50Z

StevieBavin8727: started a entry

{{Short description|Ancient Indian tribe}}
{{Distinguish|Niṣāda|Nishada (moth)|Nishadas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
The '''Nishadha'''
([[IAST]]: Niṣadha) was a tribe of [[Vedic period|ancient India]] that lived in a country of the same name.<ref>{{cite book |author=Vivekanand Jha |chapter=From tribe to untouchable: the case of Niṣādas |editor=R. S. Sharma |title=Indian Society: Historical Probings in memory of D. D. Kosambi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI5hGgAACAAJ |year=1974 |orig-year=1958 |publisher=Indian Council of Historical Research / People's Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7007-176-1 |page=73 |quote=The Niṣādas are surely quite distinct from the Niṣādhas, with whom they are often confounded but who in all probability belonged to the Aryan fold. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Haripada Chakraborti |title=Vedic India: political and legal institutions in Vedic literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b6-NAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar |quote=The Niṣādhas, residing in the Niṣādha country were obviously Aryan tribes and they should not be confused with the Niṣāda, the non-Aryan tribe.}}</ref>

==History==
Veerasena was a king of the Nishadha kingdom, and the father of [[Nala]]. [[Nala]], the son of Veerasena, became the king after his father. He was the husband of [[Damayanti]], and their story is told in the [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Indian Encyclopaedia | publisher=Genesis Publishing | page=5079 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ncL8Ve9FqNwC&pg=PA5079&dq=Naishadha&q=Naishadha}}</ref><ref name=Kunhan>{{cite book |title = Survey of Sanskrit Literature | author = C.Kunhan Raja | publisher = Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan | pages = 136, 146–148 | url = https://www.scribd.com/doc/223739875/Survey-of-Sanskrit-Literature-C-Kunhan-Raja}}</ref>{{rp|136}} Their story is also told in [[Shriharsha]]'s sanskrit epic named [[Naishadha Charita]].

== See also ==

* ''[[Nala and Damayanti]]''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-naishadha-charita-of-shriharsha The Naishadha-charita] English translation by K. K. Handiqui [proofread] (includes glossary)

[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]

{{India-stub}}

Kerala State Institute of Children's Literature

2024-09-30T13:35:56Z

StevieBavin8727: refine lead per standard format

{{refimprove|date=September 2019}}
[[File:Kerala_State_Institute_of_Children's_Literature_logo.jpg|thumb|right|The institute's logo]]
[[File:Balasahitya Institute office.jpeg|thumb|right|The institute's office at Balasahitya, in 2017]]
'''Kerala State Institute for Children's Literature''' ('''KSICL''') is an Institution under the [[Department of Cultural Affairs (Kerala)|Department of Cultural Affairs]] of [[Kerala]], India. It was constituted in 1981 for publishing children's literature books and magazines. The institute published its first book in 1981 named ''Nambooriyachanum Manthravum'', by [[P. Narendranath]]. The institute also publishes a children's magazine titled ''Thaliru''. [[Palliyara Sreedharan]] is the present director of this institute.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Pratham Books |url=https://prathambooks.org/blog/kerala-state-institute-of-childrens/|title=Kerala State Institute of Children's Literature | date=2010|access-date= 24 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Kerala Department of Cultural Affairs |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/kerala-state-bala-sahitya-institute/172 |title=Kerala State Institute of Children's Literature |access-date= 24 September 2019 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Malayalam literary awards#C. G. Santhakumar Award|C. G. Santhakumar Award]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://ksicl.org/}}

{{authority control}}
[[Category:Children's book publishers]]
[[Category:Publishing companies of India]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 1981]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Kerala]]

{{India-gov-stub}}
{{publish-company-stub}}

Mohammed Sleem

2024-09-19T02:03:58Z

StevieBavin8727: adding

{{short description|Indian tennis player}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
| name = Mohammed Sleem
| fullname =
| image = Mohammed Sleem 1921.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Sleem in 1921
| country = {{flagicon|IND|British}} India
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1892|1|14}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| college =
| turnedpro =
| retired =
| plays =
| careerprizemoney =
| tennishofyear =
| tennishofid =
| singlesrecord = 119–38, (75.8%)<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohammed Sleem: Career match record|url=https://app.thetennisbase.com/?enlace=playern&player1=SLEEM,%20MOHAMMED&sub=2#aSubmenu|website=thetennisbase.com|publisher=Tennis Base|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref>
| singlestitles =27<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nieuwland |first1=Alex |title=Player – Mohammed Sleem |url=https://www.tennisarchives.com/player/?pl=4626 |website=tennisarchives.com |publisher=Tennis Archives |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref>
| website =
|AustralianOpenresult =
|FrenchOpenresult = 4R ([[1928 French Championships – Men's singles|1928]], [[1934 French Championships – Men's singles|1934]])
|Wimbledonresult = 4R ([[1921 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1921]])
|USOpenresult =
|Othertournaments = yes
|Olympicsresult = 3R ([[Tennis at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|1924]])
|doublesrecord =
|doublestitles =
|highestdoublesranking =
|currentdoublesranking =
|grandslamsdoublesresults =
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult =
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult =
|WimbledonDoublesresult =
|USOpenDoublesresult =
|OthertournamentsDoubles =
|OlympicsDoublesresult = 1R ([[Tennis at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles|1924]])
|Mixed =
|mixedrecord =
|mixedtitles =
|AustralianOpenMixedresult =
|FrenchOpenMixedresult =
|WimbledonMixedresult =
|USOpenMixedresult =
|OthertournamentsMixedDoubles =
|OlympicMixedDoublesresult =
}}

'''Mohammed Sleem''' (14 January 1892 – around 1980{{sfn|Singh 2006}}) was a [[tennis]] player and lawyer who represented India at the [[Davis Cup]] and [[Olympic Games]]. He competed in the [[Tennis at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|singles event]] at the [[1924 Summer Olympics]], reaching the third round in which he lost to eventual Olympic champion [[Vincent Richards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/289 |title=Mohammed Sleem |work=Olympedia |access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> With compatriot [[Sydney Jacob]] he competed in the [[Tennis at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles|men's doubles event]] and lost in the first round.{{sfn|sports-reference.com}} Between 1915 and 1931 he won 27 career titles.<ref>Nieuwland, Alex. Tennis Archives.</ref>

==Tennis career==
He played his first tournament at [[Craigside]], on grass at [[County Durham]], [[England]] in 1913 which he won.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohammed Sleem: Tournament results 1913|url=https://app.thetennisbase.com/?enlace=playern&player1=SLEEM,%20MOHAMMED&sub=4&idjugador=14849&year=1913&surface=&tipo_de_torneo=&tipo_de_cuadro=&tm_category=&tm_torneo=&rondaplus=#aSubmenu|website=thetennisbase.com|publisher=Tennis Base|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> Sleem won thirteen titles at the [[Punjab Lawn Tennis Championships]], the first of which was in 1915.{{sfn|Majumdar|2009|p=118}}<ref>Nieuwland, Alex. Tennis Archives.</ref> In June 1921 he reached the finals of the [[London Championships]] on grass before losing to Japanese player [[Zenzo Shimizu]] in straight sets. In September 1921, he won the [[Sussex Championships]] at [[Brighton]] defeating compatriot Cotah Ramaswami in three sets.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sussex Championships: Tournament Draw 1921|url=https://app.thetennisbase.com/?enlace=tournament&accion=draw&cuadro=1&torneo=4413&nomTorneo=SUSSEX%20CH.&year=1921&cnt=&fase=&tipoTorneoTeam=#aki|website=thetennisbase.com|publisher=Tennis Base|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> he was a runner-up at the [[South of England Championships]] held in [[Eastbourne]] losing to South African [[Brian Norton (tennis)|Brian Norton]] in five sets.{{sfn|Le Figaro 1921/264; Lawn-Tennis}} he won the London Country Club hard court tournament held at [[Hendon]] defeating [[Sydney Jacob]] in straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|title=London Country Club: Tournament Draw 1921|url=https://app.thetennisbase.com/?enlace=tournament&accion=draw&cuadro=1&torneo=4429&nomTorneo=LONDON%20COUNTRY%20CLUB&year=1921&cnt=&fase=&tipoTorneoTeam=#aki|website=thetennisbase.com|publisher=Tennis Base|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref>{{sfn|The Northern Advocate p.5}} In mid October he clinched the Queen's Club Hard Court crown by beating [[Walter Crawley]] for the title.{{sfn|Le Figaro 1921/298; Lawn-Tennis}} In late October he won the [[Welsh Covered Court Championships]], defeating [[Arthur Lovibond]], the holder, [[Gordon Lowe|Francis Gordon Lowe]] and Crawley for the second time within two weeks on his way to the trophy.{{sfn|Utica Morning Telegram 105; p.17}}

In February 1922 he won the [[All India Championships]] held in [[Allahabad]] defeating Australian player [[Harry Lewis-Barclay]] in three sets. 1924 was his most successful season winning eight titles from nine finals. In June 1922 he won the Simla Championships defeating Jagat Mohan Lal in three straight sets.<ref>Nieuwland, Alex. Tennis Archives.</ref> In July 1924 he won the [[Deauville]] tournament, for which he upset compatriot [[Syed Mohammad Hadi]] who gave the match up after two sets.{{sfn|Le Figaro 1924/211; Lawn-Tennis}} In September he was victorious at the [[South of England Championships (tennis)|South of England Championships]] where he had a clean win over Gordon Lowe in the final.{{sfn|Le Figaro 1924/260; Lawn-Tennis}} 1928 was another successful season in which he won the [[All England Plate]] in July, followed by the [[Midland Counties Championships]] at [[Edgbaston]] and Herga LTC Championships at [[Harrow, London|Harrow, Middlesex]]. In September 1924 he won the Gleneagles Hardcourts on clay at [[Gleneagles, Scotland]] defeating New Zealands [[Frank Fisher (politician)|Frank Fisher]] two sets to love.<ref>Nieuwland, Alex. Tennis Archives.</ref> In June 1928 he travelled to Italy and competed in and won the TC Juventus Torino event in [[Turin]].<ref>Nieuwland, Alex. Tennis Archives.</ref> In August 1928 he reached the semi-finals of the [[German Open Tennis Championships|German International Championships]], he then won the [[West Sussex Championships]] at [[Bognor Regis]] and the Southampton LTC Championships at [[Southampton]] the same month.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohammed Sleem: Tournament activity 1928|url=https://app.thetennisbase.com/?enlace=playern&player1=SLEEM,%20MOHAMMED&sub=4&idjugador=14849&year=1928&surface=&tipo_de_torneo=&tipo_de_cuadro=&tm_category=&tm_torneo=&rondaplus=#aSubmenu|website=thetennisbase.com|publisher=Tennis Base|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> In 1934 he won the indoor [[Cromer Covered Courts]] tournament at Newhaven Court, [[Cromer, Norfolk]] against [[Jimmy Jones (tennis)|Jimmy Jones]]. He played his final tournament in August 1937 the [[Westgate-on-Sea Tournament]] at [[Westgate-on-Sea]], Kent, England where he reached the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web|title='Mohammed Sleem: Tournament results 1937|url=https://app.thetennisbase.com/?enlace=playern&player1=SLEEM,%20MOHAMMED&sub=4&idjugador=14849&year=1937&surface=&tipo_de_torneo=&tipo_de_cuadro=&tm_category=&tm_torneo=&rondaplus=#aSubmenu|website=thetennisbase.com|publisher=Tennis Base|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> He was the member of the [[Queen's Club]].{{sfn|Singh 2006}}

==Personal life==
Sleem was the son of Sheikh Mohammed Umar of Lahore.{{sfn|Sharafi|2012|p=53}} He became a criminal lawyer after graduating from [[Cambridge University]].{{sfn|Sharafi|2012|p=53}} He practised as a [[barrister]] in England and was admitted to [[Lincoln's Inn]] in 1910.{{sfn|Sharafi|2012|p=53}} He spoke English and [[Urdu]].{{sfn|Singh 2006}} He was the uncle of [[Manzur Qadir]].{{sfn|Singh 2006}} He practised tennis at the [[Lahore Gymkhana Club|Gymkhana Club]] of Punjab when he resided in India.{{sfn|Singh 2006}} He was buried in the [[Miani Sahib Graveyard]] in Lahore, Pakistan.{{sfn|Singh 2013}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Works cited==
{{refbegin|40em}}
*{{cite web |url=http://hosted.law.wisc.edu/wordpress/sharafi/files/2010/07/Lincolns-Inn-6.0.pdf|title=South Asians at the Inns of Court: Lincoln's Inn, 1864–1947|page=53|first=Mitra|last=Sharafi|year=2012|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]]}}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sl/mohammed-sleem-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418113005/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sl/mohammed-sleem-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-04-18 |title=Olympic Sports – Athletes – Mohammed Sleem |work=sports-reference.com|ref={{sfnRef|sports-reference.com}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Sport in South Asian Society : past and present|year=2009|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0415568272|page=118|editor-first=Boria|editor-last=Majumdar}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyq-wdNuXe4C|title=Malicious Gossip Pb|year=2013|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|location=India|isbn=9789350292891|page=118|first=Khushwant|last=Singh|ref={{sfnRef|Singh 2013}}}}
*{{cite journal|url=http://www.fultonhistory.com/Process%20small/Newspapers/Utica%20NY%20Morning%20Telegram/Utica%20NY%20Morning%20Telegram%201922%20pdf/Utica%20NY%20Morning%20Telegram%201922%20-%200538.pdf|page=17|journal=Utica Morning Telegram|volume=II|issue=105|date=31 October 1921|title=Mahomed Sleem Takes Wales Tennis Title Back to India|publisher=Globe-Telegram Co|location=Utica, Oneida, New York United States|ref={{sfnRef|Utica Morning Telegram 105; p.17}}}}
*{{cite journal|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NA19211004.2.53|page=5|journal=[[The Northern Advocate]]|date=4 October 1921|title=Tennis finals|ref={{sfnRef|The Northern Advocate p.5}}}}
*{{cite web|title=In the name of God|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060819/asp/opinion/story_6622411.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140205195951/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060819/asp/opinion/story_6622411.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2014|year=2006|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|Telegraph of India]]|location=India|first=Khushwant|last=Singh|ref={{sfnRef|Singh 2006}}}}
*{{cite journal|editor=François Coty|title=Lawn-Tennis|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k292978b/f6.image|journal=[[Le Figaro]]|location=Paris, France|publisher=[[Dassault Group]]|date=21 September 1921|issue=264|page=6|issn=0182-5852|access-date=5 February 2014|language=French|ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1921/264; Lawn-Tennis}}}}
*{{cite journal|editor=François Coty|title=Lawn-Tennis|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k293012g/f6.image|journal=[[Le Figaro]]|location=Paris, France|publisher=[[Dassault Group]]|date=25 October 1921|issue=298|page=6|issn=0182-5852|access-date=5 February 2014|language=French|ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1921/298; Lawn-Tennis}}}}
*{{cite journal|editor=François Coty|title=Lawn-Tennis|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k294045x/f6.image|journal=[[Le Figaro]]|location=Paris, France|publisher=[[Dassault Group]]|date=29 July 1924|issue=211|page=6|issn=0182-5852|access-date=5 February 2014|language=French|ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1924/211; Lawn-Tennis}}}}
*{{cite journal|editor=François Coty|title=Lawn-Tennis|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2940961/f5.image|journal=[[Le Figaro]]|location=Paris, France|publisher=[[Dassault Group]]|date=16 September 1924|issue=260|page=5|issn=0182-5852|access-date=5 February 2014|language=French|ref={{sfnRef|Le Figaro 1924/260; Lawn-Tennis}}}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{ATP}}
* {{ITF}}
* {{Davis Cup player}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sleem, Mohammed}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:Indian male tennis players]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players for India]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 1924 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Burials at Miani Sahib Graveyard]]

Keen College

2024-08-13T21:50:25Z

StevieBavin8727: Enhanced content and organization

{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Keen College
|native_name =
|image_name =
|image_size =
|caption =
|latin_name = Keen Collegium{{citation needed|reason=A source should be provided showing that the provided Latin phrase is in actual use. Word-by-word translation is not enough because of concerns about due weight and the difficulties inherent in translation.|date=August 2024}}
|motto =
|tagline =
|established = 2003
|type =
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|faculty =
|president = Er. M P Jyani
|provost =
|principal = Dr. Anupama Chowdhary
|rector =
|chancellor =
|vice_chancellor =
|dean =
|head_label =
|head =
|students =
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
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|profess =
|city = [[Bikaner]]
|state = [[Rajasthan]]
|country = [[India]]
|campus =
|free_label =
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|colors =
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|nickname =
|affiliations = MGS University Bikaner
|footnotes =
|website = {{url|http://keencollege.com}}
|address = Campus: Gadhwala Road, Bikaner. City Office : Jai Nayayan Vyas Colony, 5 E 188,189, Bikaner
|coor =
|logo =
}}
'''Keen College''' is a multi-faculty professional [[college]] located in [[Bikaner]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. Founded in 2003, is [[Affiliated school|affiliated]] to [[University of Bikaner]] and approved by Department of College Education of [[Government of Rajasthan]]. Keen College was the first college in Bikaner to start [[professional degree]] and [[diploma]] such as [[Bachelor of Computer Applications|BCA]], and [[Master of Science|MSc]] in [[computer science]].{{citation needed|date=April 2009}} The college provides distance learning courses from [[Maharishi Dayanand University]], [[Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology]] and the [[Barkatullah University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keencollege.com/ |title=Home |website=keencollege.com}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Colleges in Bikaner]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Rongpur II

2024-02-28T11:17:00Z

StevieBavin8727: started details

{{Short description|Village in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rongpur
| native_name = Rongpur
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname = Rongpur
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = Rongpur hailakandi.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.17
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 1127
| population_demonym = [[Bengalis|Bengali]]{{cn|date=February 2024}}{{vn|date=February 2024}}
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AS-24
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Rongpur''' (known as '''Rongpur ll''') is a village in Katlicherra subdivision of [[Hailakandi district]], [[Assam]] India. It is located 25 km south of [[Hailakandi]] town and 3 km from Katlicherra.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rongpur Village|url=https://vill.co.in/assam/hailakandi/hailakandi-318021070/rongpur-021073010390/amp|access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rongpur Pt Vi VillageCodes|url=https://assam.villagecodes.in/hailakandi/lala-31802108/rongpur|access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RONGPUR SOUTH PIN CODE|url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/assam/hailakandi/rongpur-south-pincode}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rongpur South Pin Code|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/assam/hailakandi/rongpur-south}}</ref>.The village falls in Hailakandi district with a population 2068. The male and female populations are 1093 and 975 as of census 2011. The size of the area is about 3.17 square kilometre.

== Demography ==
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Meitei language|Meitei]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]) are the official languages of this place.<ref name="BnOff">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |title=Govt withdraws Assamese as official language from Barak valley |agency=Press Trust of India |date=9 September 2014 |work=Business Standard India |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195116/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-withdraws-assamese-as-official-language-from-barak-valley-114090901180_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Meitei">{{Cite news |last=Purkayastha |first=Biswa Kalyan |date=24 February 2024 |title=Assam recognises Manipuri as associate official language in four districts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-recognises-manipuri-as-associate-official-language-in-four-districts-101708770769105.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>

===Population census===
Rongpur village has a population of 293 children aged 0–6, making up 16.38% of the total. The average sex ratio is 891, lower than the [[Assam]] state average of 958. Rongpur has a high [[literacy rate]], with male literacy at 92.18% and female at 79.57% as of 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rongpur Population - Hailakandi, Assam|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/301039-rongpur-assam |access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref>

==Gallery==
[[File:Tea Garden of rongpur village.jpg|thumb|Tea Garden ]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Hailakandi district]]

The Sunset Law in British India

2024-02-24T21:43:22Z

StevieBavin8727: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Revenue Sale Law, 1793]]

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