https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=StevenagokBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-07-30T22:36:29ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2025%E2%80%9326_in_Indian_football&diff=4834932025–26 in Indian football2026-05-08T09:51:43Z<p>Stevenagok: Creating a info</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Competitive association football season}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox football country season<br />
| country = India<br />
| season = 2025–26<br />
| division1 = [[2025–26 Indian Super League|ISL]]<br />
| champions1 = TBD<br />
| division2 = [[2025–26 Indian Football League|IFL]]<br />
| champions2 = TBD<br />
| division3 = [[2025–26 I-League 2|I-League 2]]<br />
| champions3 = TBD<br />
| division4 = [[2025–26 I-League 3|I-League 3]]<br />
| champions4 = TBD<br />
| domestic = [[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup|Super Cup]]<br />
| dchampions = [[FC Goa|Goa]]<br />
| leaguecup = [[2025 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]<br />
| lchampions = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] <br />
| wdivision1 = [[2025–26 Indian Women's League|IWL]]<br />
| wchampions1 = TBD<br />
| wdivision2 = [[2025–26 Indian Women's League 2|IWL 2]]<br />
| wchampions2 = TBD<br />
| prevseason = 2024–25<br />
| nextseason = 2026–27<br />
| flagicon = yes<br />
}}<br />
The '''2025–26 season''' will be the 138th competitive [[association football]] season in [[Football in India|India]]. The domestic season will begins in June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIFF confirm 2025-26 season dates, registration periods for Indian clubs|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-aiff-confirm-2025-26-season-dates-202505 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=www.khelnow.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
;Legend<br />
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|'''W'''<small>in</small>|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|'''D'''<small>raw</small>|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|'''L'''<small>oss</small>|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#99FFFF|Possible qualification|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#BBBBBB|Void or postponed|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
{{legend2|#FFFFFF|Fixtures|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br />
<br />
== Men's national football team ==<br />
=== Senior team ===<br />
{{Main|India national football team|India national football team results|India national football team results (2020–present){{!}}(2020–present)|India national football team results (unofficial matches 2000–present){{!}}unofficial matches}}<br />
The following is a list of match results in the 2025–26 season, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled in the season.<br />
====2025====<br />
;CAFA Nations Cup<br />
{{See also|2025 CAFA Nations Cup}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 29 August 2025<br />
|time = 19:00 IST<br />
|round = {{nowrap|[[2025 CAFA Nations Cup#Group B|CAFA Nations Cup GS]]}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250829214138/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-begin-khalid-jamil-era-with-a-victory-against-tajikistan<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|TJK}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Shahrom Samiev|Samiev]] {{goal|23}}<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|IND}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*{{nowrap|[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar]] {{goal|5}}}}<br />
*[[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{goal|13}}<br />
|stadium = [[Hisor Central Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Hisar (Tajikistan)|Hisor]], Tajikistan<br />
|referee = Firdavs Norsafarov ([[Uzbekistan Football Association|Uzbekistan]])<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 1 September 2025<br />
|time = 17:30 IST<br />
|round = [[2025 CAFA Nations Cup#Group B|CAFA Nations Cup GS]]<br />
|score = 0–3<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250902134658/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-tigers-go-down-to-ir-iran-in-cafa-nations-cup<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|IRN}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Amirhossein Hosseinzadeh|Hosseinzadeh]] {{goal|59}}<br />
*[[Ali Alipour|Alipour]] {{goal|89}}<br />
*[[Mehdi Taremi|Taremi]] {{goal|90+6}}<br />
|stadium = [[Hisor Central Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Hisar (Tajikistan)|Hisor]], Tajikistan<br />
|referee = Ilgiz Tantashev ([[Uzbekistan Football Association|Uzbekistan]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|date = 4 September 2025<br />
|time = 17:30 IST<br />
|round = [[2025 CAFA Nations Cup#Group B|CAFA Nations Cup GS]]<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250904145708/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-await-cafa-nations-cup-fate-after-stalemate-against-afghanistan<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|AFG}}<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|IND}}<br />
|stadium = [[Hisor Central Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Hisar (Tajikistan)|Hisor]], Tajikistan<br />
|referee = Nurzatbek Abdıkadırov ([[Kyrgyz Football Union|Kyrgyzstan]])<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|9|8|df=y}}<br />
| time = 17:00<br />
| team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|IND}}<br />
| score = 1–1<br />
|round = [[2025 CAFA Nations Cup#Third place match|{{nowrap|CAFA Nations Cup}} {{nowrap|Third place match}}]]<br />
| aet = y<br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|OMA}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Udanta Singh Kumam|Kumam]] {{goal|80}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Jameel Al-Yahmadi|Al-Yahmadi]] {{goal|55}}<br />
| penaltyscore = 3–2<br />
| penalties1 = <br />
*{{nobr|[[Lallianzuala Chhangte|Chhangte]] {{pengoal}}}}<br />
*[[Rahul Bheke|Bheke]] {{pengoal}}<br />
*[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Ali]] {{penmiss}}<br />
*[[Jithin M. S.|Jithin]] {{pengoal}}<br />
*[[Udanta Singh Kumam|Kumam]] {{penmiss}}<br />
| penalties2 = <br />
*{{penmiss}} [[Harib Al-Saadi|Al-Saadi]]<br />
*{{penmiss}} [[Ahmed Al-Kaabi|Al-Kaabi]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Thani Al-Rushaidi|Al-Rushaidi]]<br />
*{{nobr|{{pengoal}} [[Muhsen Al-Ghassani|Al-Ghassani]]}}<br />
*{{penmiss}} [[Jameel Al-Yahmadi|Al-Yahmadi]]<br />
| stadium = [[Hisor Central Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Hisar (Tajikistan)|Hisor]], Tajikistan<br />
| attendance = <br />
| referee = Firdavs Norsafarov ([[Uzbekistan Football Association|Uzbekistan]])<br />
| report = [https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2025-09-08/india-vs-oman/3903607/ GSA Report] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250912141836/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/irrepressible-india-win-cafa-nations-cup-bronze-after-beating-oman-on-penalties AIFF]<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
<br />
;AFC Asian Cup qualifiers<br />
{{Further information|2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round}}<br />
;Group C<br />
{{2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round group tables|Group C|show_matches=Y|showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 9 October 2025<br />
|time = 17:00<br />
|round = [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2027 ACQ – 3R]]<br />
|score = 1–1 <br />
|report = [https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/match/2025-10-09/singapore-vs-india/3587582 Report]<br>[https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_asian_cup.html/news/qualifiers-group-c-singapore-1-1-india Report (AFC)]<br>[https://www.the-aiff.com/article/rahim-alis-opportune-strike-earns-india-a-point-in-singapore {{nowrap|Report (AIFF)}}]<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|SGP}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
* [[Ikhsan Fandi|Ikhsan]] {{goal|45+1}}<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|IND}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
* [[Rahim Ali|Rahim]] {{goal|90}}<br />
|stadium = [[National Stadium, Singapore|National Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = 13,232<br />
|location = [[Kallang]], Singapore<br />
|referee = [[Shen Yinhao]] ([[China Football Association|China]])<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 14 October 2025<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|round = [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2027 ACQ – 3R]]<br />
|score = 1–2 <br />
|report = [https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/match/2025-10-14/india-vs-singapore/3587580 Report]<br>[https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_asian_cup.html/news/qualifiers-group-c-india-1-2-singapore Report (AFC)]<br>[https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-knocked-out-of-afc-asian-cup-2027-qualification-race-after-defeat-to-singapore {{nowrap|Report (AIFF)}}]<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Lallianzuala Chhangte|Chhangte]] {{goal|14}}<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|SGP}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Song Ui-young]] {{goal|44||58}}<br />
|location = [[Margao]], India<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|referee = Mohamad Issa ([[Lebanon Football Association|Lebanon]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 18 November 2025 <br />
|time = 17:30<br />
|round = [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2027 ACQ – 3R]]<br />
|score = 1–0<br />
|report = [https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/match/2025-11-18/bangladesh-vs-india/3587583 Report]<br>[https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_asian_cup.html/news/qualifiers-group-c-bangladesh-1-0-india Report (AFC)]<br>[https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-tigers-suffer-narrow-defeat-in-bangladesh {{nowrap|Report (AIFF)}}]<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|BAN}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Shekh Morsalin|Morsalin]] {{goal|11}}<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|IND}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[National Stadium, Dhaka|National Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh<br />
|attendance = 23,712<br />
|referee = Clifford Daypuyat ([[Philippine Football Federation|Philippines]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
<br />
;Friendly matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 13 November 2025 <br />
|time = <br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Unofficial Friendly]]<br />
|score = 6–1<br />
|report = https://www.footballcounter.com/2025/india-cruise-past-bhutan-6-1-in-closed-door-friendly-ahead-of-asian-cup-qualifier/<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|IND}}<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|BHU}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Vikram Partap Singh|V. P. Singh]] {{goal}}{{goal}}<br />
*[[Rahim Ali|Ali]] {{goal}}<br />
*[[Ryan Williams (soccer, born 1993)|Williams]] {{goal}}<br />
*[[Bikash Yumnam|Yumnam]] {{goal}}<br />
*[[Irfan Yadwad|Yadwad]] {{goal}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Karma Chetrim|Jamtsho]] {{goal}}<br />
|stadium = Padukone-Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence<br />
|location = [[Bengaluru]], India<br />
|attendance = 0 (Closed Door)<br />
|referee = <br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== 2026 ====<br />
;AFC Asian Cup qualifiers<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 31 March 2026<br />
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}<br />
|round = [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round#Group C|2027 ACQ – 3R]]<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|report = [https://globalsportsarchive.com/en/soccer/match/2026-03-31/india-vs-hong-kong-sar/3587585/ Report]<br />[https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_asian_cup.html/news/qualifiers-group-c-india-2-1-hong-kong-china Report (AFC)]<br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
* [[Ryan Williams (footballer, born 1993)|Williams]] {{goal|4}}<br />
* [[Akash Mishra|Mishra]] {{goal|50}}<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|HKG}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
* [[Everton Camargo|Camargo]] {{goal|65}}<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Kochi]], India<br />
|attendance = 22,690<br />
|referee = Songkran Bunmeekiart ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
;Friendly matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 26 May 2026<br />
|time = 23:30 IST<br />
|round = {{nowrap|[[2026 Unity Cup]]}}<br />
|score = <br />
|report = <br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|JAM}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|IND}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[The Valley (stadium)|The Valley]]<br />
|location = [[London]], England<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = <br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main|format = 1<br />
|date = 30 May 2026<br />
|time = --:-- IST<br />
|round = {{nowrap|[[2026 Unity Cup]]}}<br />
|score = <br />
|report = <br />
|team1 = {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|NGA}} / {{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|ZIM}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fb|IND}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[The Valley (stadium)|The Valley]]<br />
|location = [[London]], England<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Under-23 ===<br />
{{Main|India national under-23 football team|India national under-23 football team results}}<br />
<br />
====2025====<br />
;Friendly matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|08|25|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IRQ}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Mohammed Sanan|Sanan]] {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Dhulfiqar Younis|Younis]] {{goal|36}}<br />
*[[Mustafa Nawafa Zai|Zai]] {{goal|72}}<br />
|stadium = [[UM Arena Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250825154945/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23s-suffer-narrow-defeat-against-iraq-in-preparatory-friendly<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|08|28|df=y}}<br />
|time = 13:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–3<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IRQ}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[Kuala Lumpur Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250904074406/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23s-suffer-defeat-in-second-friendly-against-iraq<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = 18:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|INA}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Dony Tri Pamungkas|Pamungkas]] {{goal|44}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Suhail Ahmad Bhat|Bhat]] {{goal|5||26}}<br />
|stadium = [[Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251010192047/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/suhail-bhat-fires-india-u23-to-victory-against-hosts-indonesia-in-first-friendly<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|13|df=y}}<br />
|time = 18:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|INA}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Dony Tri Pamungkas|Pamungkas]] {{goal|70}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Korou Singh Thingujam|Thingujam]] {{goal|47}}<br />
|stadium = [[Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251021160710/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23s-held-to-a-draw-by-indonesia<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|15|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|17:00|7}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|THA}}<br />
|score = 4–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Siraphop Wandee|Wandee]] {{goal|32}}<br />
*[[Phon-ek Maneekorn|Maneekorn]] {{goal|42|pen.}}<br />
*[[Chaiyaphon Otton|Otton]] {{goal|47|pen.}}<br />
*[[Thanakrit Chotmuangpak|Chotmuangpak]] {{goal|62}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Thammasat Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Pathum Thani province|Pathum Thani]], Thailand<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251116042358/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-colts-concede-four-against-thailand-u23<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
;AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification<br />
{{Details|2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification}}<br />
;Group H<br />
{{:2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification |transcludesection=Group H|showteam=IND}}<br />
;Matches <br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U23 Q]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|09|03|df=y}}<br />
|time = 20:45 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|BHR}}<br />
|score = 0–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Muhammad Suhail|Suhail]] {{goal|32}} <br />
*[[Shivaldo Singh|Shivaldo]] {{goal|90+5}}<br />
|stadium = [[Suheim bin Hamad Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee =<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250904073114/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/fast-and-furious-india-defeat-bahrain-in-afc-u23-asian-cup-qualifiers-opener<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U23 Q]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|09|06|df=y}}<br />
|time = 22:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|QAT}}<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Hashmi Al-Hussein|Al-Hussein]] {{goal|18}}<br />
*[[Jassem Al-Sharshani|Al-Sharshani]] {{goal|67|pen.}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Muhammad Suhail|Suhail]] {{goal|52}}<br />
|stadium = [[Abdullah bin Khalifa Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee =<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250930100920/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/qatar-inflict-narrow-defeat-on-blue-colts<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U23 Q]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|09|09|df=y}}<br />
|time = 20:45 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}<br />
|score = 6–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|BRU}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Vibin Mohanan|Vibin]] {{goal|5||8||62}}<br />
*[[Ayush Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|42}}<br />
*[[Mohammed Aimen|Aimen]] {{goal|87||90+7}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[Suheim bin Hamad Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee =<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250912142521/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-bury-six-past-brunei-darussalam-but-suffer-heartbreak-afc-u23-asian-cup-qualifiers<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== 2026 ====<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|U-23 Tri-Nation Championship]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|28|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}<br />
|score = 5–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|BHU}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Ricky Meetei Haobam|R. M. Haobam]] {{goal|44}}<br />
*[[Suhail Ahmad Bhat|Bhat]] {{goal|51||81}}<br />
*[[Tomba Singh Haobam|T. S. Haobam]] {{goal|79}}<br />
*[[Muhammad Ajsal|Ajsal]] {{goal|85}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yupia]], India<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260328190832/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u23-men-thrash-bhutan<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 Tri-Nation Series (India)|U-23 Tri-Nation Championship]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|31|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|23|IND}}<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|23|TJK}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = [[Khaitov Azizbek|Azizbek]] {{goal|9}}<br />
|stadium = [[Golden Jubilee Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yupia]], India<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = Crystal John ([[All India Football Federation|India]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260331183905/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-colts-fall-narrowly-to-tajikistan-in-u23-tri-nation-championship-decider<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Under-20 ===<br />
{{Main|India national under-20 football team}}<br />
;SAFF U-20 Championship<br />
{{main|2026 SAFF U-20 Championship}}<br />
{{:2026 SAFF U-20 Championship<br />
|transcludesection=Group B |showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1 <br />
|date = 26 March 2026<br />
|round = [[2026 SAFF U-20 Championship#Group B|2026 SAFF U20 GS]] <br />
|time = 16:15 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|IND}}<br />
|score = 3–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|20|PAK}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Vishal Yadav (footballer)|Vishal]] {{goal|2}}<br />
*[[Omang Dodum|Omang]] {{goal|63||88|pen}} <br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Malé]], Maldives<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = Virendha Rai ([[Bhutan Football Federation|Bhutan]])<br />
|report = <br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
| format = 1 <br />
|date = 28 March 2026<br />
|round = [[2026 SAFF U-20 Championship#Group B|2026 SAFF U20 GS]] <br />
|time = 16:15 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|BAN}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Md Abdul Riyad|Riyad]] {{goal|45+10}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Vishal Yadav (footballer)|V. Yadav]] {{goal|17}}<br />
|stadium = [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Malé]], Maldives <br />
|attendance = 3,932<br />
|referee = Raeef Rauf ([[Football Association of Maldives|Maldives]])<br />
|report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Signed-MATCH_REPORT-9-BANGLADESH-U-20.-vs-INDIA-U-20.-1-1.pdf<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
| format = 1 <br />
|date = 1 April 2026<br />
|round = {{nowrap|[[2026 SAFF U-20 Championship#Semi-finals|2026 SAFF U20 SF]]}} <br />
|time = 21:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|IND}}<br />
|score = 5–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|20|BHU}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Omang Dodum|Dodum]] {{goal|4}}<br />
*[[Md Arbash|Arbash]] {{goal|44}}<br />
*[[Rohen Singh Chaphamayum|Chaphamayum]] {{goal|56||57}}<br />
*[[Malemngamba Singh Thokchom|Thokchom]] {{goal|90+2}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Malé]], Maldives<br />
|attendance = 726<br />
|referee = Mohamed Rideewita Withana Chirantha ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])<br />
|report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/final-MATCH_REPORT-11-INDIA-U-20.-vs-BHUTAN-U-20.pdf<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
| format = 1 <br />
|date = 3 April 2026<br />
|round = {{nowrap|[[2026 SAFF U-20 Championship#Final|2026 SAFF U20 Final]]}} <br />
|time = 21:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|BAN}}<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
| penaltyscore = 4–3<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|20|IND}}<br />
| penalties1 = <br />
*[[Md Murshed Ali|Murshed]] {{pengoal}}<br />
*[[Chandon Roy|Chandon]] {{pengoal}}<br />
*[[Abdul Fahim|Fahim]] {{pengoal}}<br />
*[[Samuel Raksam|Raksam]] {{penmiss}}<br />
*[[Ronan Sullivan|R. Sullivan]] {{pengoal}}<br />
| penalties2 = <br />
*{{penmiss}} [[Ningthoukhongjam Rishi Singh|Rishi]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Md Arbash|Arbash]]<br />
*{{nobr|{{pengoal}} [[Ahongshangbam Samson|Samson]]}}<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Vishal Yadav (footballer)|Vishal]]<br />
*{{penmiss}} [[Omang Dodum|Dodum]]<br />
|stadium = [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Malé]], Maldives<br />
|attendance = 4,100<br />
|referee = Umesh Bidari ([[All Nepal Football Association|Nepal]])<br />
|report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/signed-MATCH_REPORT-12-BANGLADESH-U-20.-vs-INDIA-U-20.pdf<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Under-17 ===<br />
{{Main|India national under-17 football team}}<br />
<br />
====2025====<br />
;SAFF U-17 Championship<br />
{{main|2025 SAFF U-17 Championship}}<br />
<br />
{{:2025 SAFF U-17 Championship<br />
|transcludesection=Group B |showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Championship#Group B|2025 SAFF U17 GS]]<br />
|date = 16 September 2025<br />
|time = 15:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 6–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|MDV}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]] {{goal|12||68|pen.}} <br />
*[[Hrishikesh Manavathi|Manavathi]] {{goal|29}} <br />
*[[Kamgouhao Doungel|Doungel]] {{goal|49}} <br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|59}} <br />
*[[Aazim Parveez Najar|Najar]] {{goal|86}} <br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[Colombo Racecourse|Colombo Racecourse Stadium]]<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Colombo]]}}, Sri Lanka<br />
|attendance = 141<br />
|referee = Kasun L. Weerkakkody ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250918075232/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-put-six-past-maldives-in-saff-u17-championship-opener<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Championship#Group B|2025 SAFF U17 GS]]<br />
|date = 19 September 2025<br />
|time = 19:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|BHU}}<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Rahan Ahmed|Ahmed]] {{goal|58}}<br />
|stadium = [[Colombo Racecourse|Colombo Racecourse Stadium]]<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Colombo]]}}, Sri Lanka<br />
|attendance = 171<br />
|referee = Kasun L. Weerkakkody ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250921095202/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/victory-against-bhutan-puts-india-in-saff-u17-semi-finals<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Championship#Group B|2025 SAFF U17 GS]]<br />
|date = 22 September 2025<br />
|time = 15:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 3–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|PAK}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]] {{goal|31}}<br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|63}}<br />
*[[Rahan Ahmed|R. Ahmed]] {{goal|74}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Muhammad Abdullah (footballer)|M. Abdullah]] {{goal|43|pen.}}<br />
*[[Hamza Yasir|H. Yasir]] {{goal|70}}<br />
|stadium = [[Colombo Racecourse|Colombo Racecourse Stadium]]<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Colombo]]}}, Sri Lanka<br />
|attendance = 157<br />
|referee = Kasun L. Weerkakkody ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250923063304/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-defeat-pakistan-maintain-perfect-record-in-saff-u17-championship-2025<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Championship#Semi-finals|2025 SAFF U17 SF]]<br />
|date = 25 September 2025<br />
|time = 19:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 3–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|NEP}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|61}}<br />
*[[Azlaan Shah|Shah]] {{goal|80}}<br />
*[[Diamond Singh Thokchom|Thokchom]] {{goal|90+4}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[Colombo Racecourse|Colombo Racecourse Stadium]]<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Colombo]]}}, Sri Lanka<br />
|attendance = 143<br />
|referee = Afsheen Naseer ([[Football Association of Maldives|Maldives]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251003113653/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/second-half-surge-against-nepal-puts-india-in-saff-u17-final<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Championship#Final|2025 SAFF U17 Final]]<br />
|date = 27 September 2025<br />
|time = 19:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|BAN}}<br />
|score = 2–2<br />
|penaltyscore = 1–4<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Mohammad Manik (footballer)|M. Manik]] {{goal|24}}<br />
*[[Ihsan Habib Riduan|Riduan]] {{goal|90+7}}<br />
|penalties1 =<br />
*[[Md Ikramul Islam|Islami]] {{penmiss}}<br />
*[[Md Azam Khan|M. A. Khan]] {{penmiss}}<br />
*[[Mohammad Manik (footballer)|M. Manik]] {{pengoal}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]] {{goal|4}}<br />
*{{nowrap|[[Azlaan Shah|A. Shah]] {{goal|38}}}}<br />
|penalties2 =<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]]<br />
*{{nobr|{{pengoal}} [[Korou Meitei Konthoujam|Konthoujam]]}}<br />
*{{nowrap|{{pengoal}} [[Indra Rana Magar|I. R. Magar]]}}<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Shubham Poonia|Poonia]]<br />
|stadium = [[Colombo Racecourse|Colombo Racecourse Stadium]]<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Colombo]]}}, Sri Lanka<br />
|attendance = 374<br />
|referee = Pema Tshewang ([[Bhutan Football Federation|Bhutan]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251003113800/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-stifle-late-bangladesh-surge-to-win-seventh-saff-u17-title-on-penalties<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
;Friendly<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|08|df=y}}<br />
|time = <br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|CHN}}<br />
|score = 4–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[National Football Training Centre]]<br />
|location = [[Xianghe]], China<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://x.com/IndianFootball/status/1975914528471953733<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = <br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|CHN}}<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = [[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|75}}<br />
|stadium = [[National Football Training Centre]]<br />
|location = [[Xianghe]], China<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251012113223/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-end-china-tour-on-winning-note<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
;AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification<br />
{{Main|2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification}}<br />
<br />
;Group D<br />
{{:2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification|transcludesection=Group D|showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U17 ACQ]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|22|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|PLE}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Amir Jomah|Jomah]] {{goal|74}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Shubham Poonia|Poonia]] {{goal|45}}<br />
|stadium = [[EKA Arena]]<br />
|location = [[Ahmedabad]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251129173720/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-colts-held-by-palestine-in-afc-u17-asian-cup-2026-qualifiers-opener-in-ahmedabad<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U17 ACQ]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|26|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 3–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|TPE}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]] {{goal|32||77||79}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Yang Hao-wei]] {{goal|4}}<br />
|stadium = [[EKA Arena]]<br />
|location = [[Ahmedabad]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Mohamed Rashid Ismail ([[UAE Football Association|UAE]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251129173025/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/gangtes-hat-trick-fires-india-to-a-comeback-win-against-chinese-taipei-in-afc-u17-asian-cup-qualifiers<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U17 ACQ]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|28|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 0–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|LBN}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Antoine Assaf|Assaf]] {{goal|26}}<br />
*[[Paul Maakaroun|Maakaroun]] {{goal|38}}<br />
|stadium = [[EKA Arena]]<br />
|location = [[Ahmedabad]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Wissam Rabie ([[Syrian Football Association|Syria]]) <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251129172201/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/lebanon-hand-indias-first-defeat-of-afc-u17-asian-cup-2026-qualifiers<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U17 ACQ]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|30|df=y}}<br />
|time = 20:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IRN}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Amirreza Valipoor|Valipoor]] {{goal|19}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]] {{goal|45+1|pen.}}<br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|52}}<br />
|stadium = [[EKA Arena]]<br />
|location = [[Ahmedabad]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_u17_asian_cup.html/news/qualifiers-group-d-chinese-taipei-1-3-palestine<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====2026====<br />
;Friendly<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|01|29|df=y}}<br />
|time = 16:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 4–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|TJK}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]] {{goal|8}}<br />
*[[Denny Singh Wangkhem|Wangkhem]] {{goal|48}}<br />
*?? {{goal|75|o.g.}}<br />
*[[Washington Singh Ngangom|Ngangom]] {{goal|90+1}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Mekhrubon Odilzoda|Odilzoda]] {{goal|18}}<br />
*[[Sadriddin Sattorov|Sattorov]] {{goal|66}}<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Margao]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260201134110/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17s-defeat-tajikistan-in-first-closed-doors-friendly<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|02|01|df=y}}<br />
|time = 16:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|TJK}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Margao]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260202142144/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-play-stalemate-against-tajikistan<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game| Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|02| 10|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|TUR}}<br />
|score = 1–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Eymen Erdoğan|Erdoğan]] {{goal|12|pen.}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Arslan Zeki Demirci Sports Complex|Emirhan Sports Center]]<br />
|location = [[Manavgat]], Turkey<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260210142803/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-mens-team-go-down-to-hosts-turkiye-in-friendly<br />
|result = L<br />
}} <br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game| Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|02| 12|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|TUR}}<br />
|score = 6–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Efe Seçil|Seçil]] {{goal|7}}<br />
*[[Efe Fettahoğlu|Fettahoğlu]] {{goal|14|pen.}}<br />
*[[Alaettin Ekici|Ekici]] {{goal|20||28}}<br />
*[[Eren Sayar|Sayar]] {{goal|30}}<br />
*[[Hasan Tuncel|Tuncel]] {{goal|85}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Denny Singh Wangkhem|Wangkhem]] {{goal|47}}<br />
|stadium = [[Arslan Zeki Demirci Sports Complex|Emirhan Sports Center]]<br />
|location = [[Manavgat]], Turkey<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260212132651/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-suffer-defeat-against-hosts-turkiye-in-second-friendly<br />
|result = L<br />
}} <br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game| Unofficial Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|02| 12|df=y}}<br />
|time = <br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 4–2<br />
|team2 = {{#invoke:flag|icon|RUS}} [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow U17]]<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Mukundo Singh Ningthoujam|Ningthoujam]] {{goal|31}}<br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|57}}<br />
*[[Washington Singh Ngangom|Ngangom]] {{goal|61}}<br />
*[[Md Aimaan Bin|Bin]] {{goal|82}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*?? {{goal|65}}<br />
*?? {{goal|86|pen.}}<br />
|stadium = Fanatic Tour Serik Sport Center<br />
|location = [[Serik]], Turkey<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260304005710/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-defeat-fc-spartak-moscow-in-closed-door-friendly<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game| Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|03|df=y}}<br />
|time = 05:45 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|MYA}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Myint Myat Ko Ko|Ko Ko]] {{goal|54}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Washington Singh Ngangom|Ngangom]] {{goal|11}}<br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|24}}<br />
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yangon]], Myanmar <br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Khin Maung Soe ([[Myanmar Football Federation|Myanmar]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260303200322/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17s-defeat-hosts-myanmar-in-first-friendly<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|05|df=y}}<br />
|time = 05:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|MYA}}<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yangon]], Myanmar <br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Thura Zaw ([[Myanmar Football Federation|Myanmar]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260307060944/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/myanmar-india-u17-teams-draw-in-second-friendly/<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|25|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|THA}}<br />
|score = 2–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = {{goal|39||86}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|22}}<br />
**[[Denny Singh Wangkhem|Wangkhem]] {{goal|67}}<br />
|stadium = [[Phra Ramesuan Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Lopburi province|Lopburi]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260405074301/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/mixed-results-for-india-u17-men-in-thailand-friendlies<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|28|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 3–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IDN}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Washington Singh Ngangom|Ngangom]] {{goal|17}}<br />
*[[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|20||58}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Phra Ramesuan Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Lopburi province|Lopburi]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260405074301/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/mixed-results-for-india-u17-men-in-thailand-friendlies<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|31|df=y}}<br />
|time = 15:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|KOR}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Gunleiba Wangkheirakpam|Wangkheirakpam]] {{goal|32}}<br />
|goals2 = {{goal|5||82}}<br />
|stadium = [[Phra Ramesuan Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Lopburi province|Lopburi]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260405074301/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/mixed-results-for-india-u17-men-in-thailand-friendlies<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|04|17|df=y}}<br />
|time = 16:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|UAE}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Azlaan Shah Kh|Shah]] {{goal|27}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Windmill Football Club<br />
|location = [[Samut Prakan]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260425191221/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-defeat-uae-in-first-friendly<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|04|21|df=y}}<br />
|time = 16:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–5<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|UAE}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Dallalmuon Gangte|Gangte]] {{goal|89}}<br />
|goals2 = 5 x {{goal}}<br />
|stadium = Windmill Football Club<br />
|location = [[Samut Prakan]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260425191106/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-lose-to-uae-in-second-friendly<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|04|25|df=y}}<br />
|time = 21:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|QAT}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = {{goal}} <br />
|goals2 = [[Denny Singh Wangkhem|Wangkhem]] {{goal|67}} <br />
|stadium = <br />
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report =https://web.archive.org/web/20260425191057/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-held-by-qatar-in-first-friendly<br />
|result =D <br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|04|28|df=y}}<br />
|time = 21:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|QAT}}<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Hamad bin Khalifa Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Doha]], Qatar<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-men-play-goalless-draw-with-qatar-in-second-friendly<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
;AFC U-17 Asian Cup<br />
{{main|2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup}}<br />
;Group stage<br />
{{2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup group tables|Group D}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup#Group |2026 AFC U17 GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|5|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = 21:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|AUS}}<br />
|score = 4–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Luke Becvinovski|Becvinovski]] {{goal|4}}<br />
*[[Max Court|Court]] {{goal|29|pen.}}<br />
*[[Luka Demuth|Demuth]] {{goal|74}}<br />
*[[Henrique Oliveira|Oliveira]] {{goal|86}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = King Abdullah Sports City Training Stadium (Pitch C)<br />
|location = [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Lothar D'hondt ([[Royal Belgian Football Association|Belgium]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-u17-asian-cup/2026/2626785<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup#Group |2026 AFC U17 GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|5|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = 22:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = <br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|UZB}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = King Abdullah Sports City Hall Stadium<br />
|location = [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = <br />
|result = <br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-17 Asian Cup#Group |2026 AFC U17 GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|5|13|df=y}}<br />
|time = 21:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|17|PRK}}<br />
|score = Cancelled{{efn|[[North Korea national under-17 football team|North Korea]] withdrew due to concerns related to the [[2026 Iran war]], leaving the tournament at 15 teams.<ref>https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/how-india-can-qualify-for-fifa-u17-world-cup-north-korea-dpr-withdraws-under-17-asian-cup-2026-scenarios-explained/article70915742.ece</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New stars to rise at #AFCU17 Saudi Arabia 2026|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_u17_asian_cup.html/news/new-stars-to-rise-at-afcu17-saudi-arabia-2026|website=the-AFC.com|publisher=Asian Football Confederation|access-date=1 May 2026|date=1 May 2026}}</ref>}}<br />
|team2 = {{fbu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = King Abdullah Sports City Training Stadium (Pitch C)<br />
|location = [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = <br />
|result = P<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Women's national football team ==<br />
=== Senior team ===<br />
{{Main|India women's national football team|India women's national football team results|India women's national football team results (2020–present)}}<br />
<br />
The following is a list of match results in the 2025–26 season, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled in the season.<br />
<!--PLEASE KEEP IN MIND WHILE LINKING NAMES OF PLAYERS IN THIS SECTION, PLEASE DON'T LINK THEM IN SHORT, NO HARM IN FULL NAMES RATHER MAKING CONFUSION, THERE CAN BE MANY DEVIs, SINGHs or MALIKs PLAYING FOR INDIA, ALWAYS FULL NAME UNLESS THE NAME IS VERY LONG.--><br />
====2025====<br />
{{Details|2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification}}<br />
;Group H<br />
{{:2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=IND}}<br />
;Matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format=1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC ACQ]]<br />
|date = 23 June<br />
|time = 16:00<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|MNG}}<br />
|score = 0–13<br />
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-steam-past-mongolia-in-womens-asian-cup-qualification-opener<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Sangita Basfore|Basfore]] {{goal|8}}<br />
*[[Soumya Guguloth|Guguloth]] {{goal|20||59}}<br />
*[[Pyari Xaxa|Xaxa]] {{goal|29||45||46||52||55}}<br />
*[[Rimpa Haldar|Haldar]] {{goal|67}}<br />
*[[Malavika P.]] {{goal|71}}<br />
*[[Priyadharshini Selladurai|Priyadharshini]] {{goal|73||86}}<br />
*[[Grace Dangmei|Dangmei]] {{goal|75|p}}<br />
|stadium = [[700th Anniversary Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Jon Sol-mi ([[DPR Korea Football Association|North Korea]])<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format=1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC ACQ]]<br />
|date = 29 June<br />
|time = 16:00<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = 4–0<br />
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-ease-past-timor-leste-in-afc-womens-asian-cup-qualifiers<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|TLS}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Manisha Kalyan|Kalyan]] {{goal|12||80}}<br />
*[[Anju Tamang|Tamang]] {{goal|58}}<br />
*[[Lynda Kom|Kom]] {{goal|85}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[700th Anniversary Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Doumouh Albakkar ([[Lebanese Football Association|Lebanon]])<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format=1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC ACQ]]<br />
|date = 2 July<br />
|time = 16:00<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = 5–0<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_womens_asian_cup.html/news/qualifiers-group-b-india-5-0-iraq<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|IRQ}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Sangita Basfore|Basfore]] {{goal|14}}<br />
*[[Manisha Kalyan|Kalyan]] {{goal|44}}<br />
*[[Karthika Angamuthu|Angamuthu]] {{goal|48}}<br />
*[[Nirmala Devi Phanjoubam|Phanjoubam]] {{goal|64}}<br />
*[[Nongmaithem Ratanbala Devi|Nongmaithem]] {{goal|80}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[700th Anniversary Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Azusa Sugino ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format=1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC ACQ]]<br />
|date = 5 July<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|THA}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/etched-in-history-blue-tigresses-secure-afc-womens-asian-cup-qualification-for-the-first-time<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Chatchawan Rodthong|Chatchawan]] {{goal|47}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Sangita Basfore|Basfore]] {{goal|29||74}}<br />
|stadium = [[700th Anniversary Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Kim Yu-jeong ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
;Friendly matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = 21 October<br />
|time = 18:00<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IRN}}<br />
|score = 2–0<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251021154120/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/ir-irans-second-half-strikes-sink-india-in-shillong<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Sara Didar|Didar]] {{goal|67||74}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Shillong]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Pansa Chaisanit ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = 27 October<br />
|time = 18:00<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251029062559/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/nepal-ride-sabitra-bhandaris-brace-to-beat-blue-tigresses<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|NEP}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Karishma Shirvoikar|Shirvoikar]] {{goal|81}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Sabitra Bhandari|Bhandari]] {{goal|2||63}}<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Shillong]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Pansa Chaisanit ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Unofficial friendly]]<br />
|date = 29 October<br />
|time = {{UTZ|16:45|+5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251029191400/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-and-nepal-womens-teams-play-exhibition-match-in-gangtok<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|NEP}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Soumya Guguloth|Guguloth]] {{goal|30}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Rashmi Ghising|Ghising]] {{goal|45+2}}<br />
|penaltyscore = 0–3<br />
|penalties1 = <br />
*[[Priyadharshini Selladurai|Priyadharshini]] {{penmiss}}<br />
*[[Santosh (footballer)|Santosh]] {{penmiss}}<br />
*[[Astam Oraon|Oraon]] {{penmiss}}<br />
|penalties2 = <br />
*[[Sabita Rana Magar|S. Magar]] {{pengoal}}<br />
*[[Rashmi Kumari Ghising|Ghising]] {{pengoal}}<br />
*[[Anita Basnet|Basnet]] {{penmiss}}<br />
*[[Nisha Thokar|Thokar]] {{pengoal}}<br />
|stadium = [[Paljor Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Gangtok]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Meera Tamang ([[Bhutan Football Federation|Bhutan]])<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====2026====<br />
;AFC Women's Asian Cup<br />
{{Details|2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup}}<br />
;Group C<br />
{{2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup group tables|Group C|showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup#Group C|AFC Women's Asian Cup GS]]<br />
|date = 4 March<br />
|time = 16:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|VIE}}<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|report = [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-womens-asian-cup/2026/2592262 Report (AFC)]<br>[https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/521/291725/291735/400021122 Report (FIFA)]<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Ngân Thị Vạn Sự]] {{goal|30||90+4}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Sanfida Nongrum|Nongrum]] {{goal|52}}<br />
|stadium = [[Perth Rectangular Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Perth]], Australia<br />
|attendance = 1,961<br />
|referee = Kim Yu-jeong ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup Group C|AFC Women's Asian Cup GS]]<br />
|date = 7 March<br />
|time = 16:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = 0–11<br />
|report = [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-womens-asian-cup/2026/2592264 Report (AFC)]<br>[https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/521/291725/291735/400021121 Report (FIFA)]<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|JPN}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Yuzuki Yamamoto|Yamamoto]] {{Goal|4}}<br />
*[[Yui Hasegawa|Hasegawa]] {{Goal|13}}<br />
*[[Hinata Miyazawa|Miyazawa]] {{Goal|20||35||81}}<br />
*[[Kiko Seike|Seike]] {{Goal|45+5||55}}<br />
*[[Riko Ueki|Ueki]] {{Goal|47||50||65}}<br />
*[[Maya Hijikata|Hijikata]] {{Goal|62}}<br />
|stadium = [[Perth Rectangular Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Perth]], Australia<br />
|attendance = 3,233<br />
|referee = Veronika Bernatskaia ([[Kyrgyz Football Union|Kyrgyzstan]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup#Group C|AFC Women's Asian Cup GS]]<br />
|date = 10 March<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–3<br />
|report = [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-womens-asian-cup/2026/2592266 Report (AFC)]<br>[https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/521/291725/291735/400021117 Report (FIFA)]<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|TPE}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Manisha Kalyan|Manisha]] {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Su Yu-hsuan]] {{goal|12}}<br />
*[[Panthoi Chanu Elangbam|P. Chanu]] {{goal|45+9|o.g.}}<br />
*[[Chen Yu-chin]] {{goal|77}}<br />
|stadium = [[Western Sydney Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Sydney]], Australia<br />
|attendance = 3,648<br />
|referee = [[Casey Reibelt]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
;FIFA Series<br />
{{Details|2026 FIFA Series (women's matches)}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 FIFA Series (women's matches)#Kenya v India|2026 FIFA Series]]<br />
|date = 11 April<br />
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|+3}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|KEN}}<br />
|score = 2–0<br />
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20260414203647/https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/10011/293145/293146/400021908 FIFA]<br/>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260414201941/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/blue-tigresses-lose-to-kenya-in-fifa-series-2026-semi-final AIFF]<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Martha Amnyolet|Amnyolet]] {{Goal|2}}<br />
*[[Tereza Engesha|Engesha]] {{Goal|57}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Nairobi]], Kenya<br />
|stadium = [[Nyayo National Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = [[Josephine Nantongo]] ([[Federation of Uganda Football Associations|Uganda]])<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 FIFA Series (women's matches)#India v Malawi|2026 FIFA Series]]<br />
|date = 15 April<br />
|time = 16:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score =3–2 <br />
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/10011/293145/293146/400021910 Report (FIFA)]<br />
|team2 = {{fbw|MWI}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Astam Oraon|Oraon]] {{goal|18}}<br />
*[[Aveka Singh|A. Singh]] {{goal|45+1}}<br />
*[[Priyadharshini Selladurai|Selladurai]] {{goal|84}} <br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Ireen Khumalo|Khumalo]] {{goal|43}}<br />
*[[Deborah Henry|Henry]] {{goal|60}} <br />
|location = [[Nairobi]], Kenya<br />
|stadium = [[Nyayo National Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Yordanos Mulugeta ([[Ethiopian Football Federation|Ethiopia]])<br />
|result = W <br />
}}<br />
;SAFF Championship<br />
{{Details|2026 SAFF Women's Championship}}<br />
;Group B<br />
{{:2026 SAFF Women's Championship|Group B|showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Championship#Group B|2026 SAFF GS]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|05|25|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|MDV}}<br />
|score = <br />
|report = <br />
|team2 = {{fbw|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Margao]], India<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = <br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Championship#Group B|2026 SAFF GS]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|05|31|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = <br />
|report = <br />
|team2 = {{fbw|BAN}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Margao]], India<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = <br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Championship#Semi-finals|2026 SAFF SF]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|06|03|df=y}}<br />
|time = <br />
|team1 = {{fbw-rt|IND}}<br />
|score = <br />
|report = <br />
|team2 = ''TBD''<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = [[Margao]], India<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|result = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Under-20 ===<br />
{{Main|India women's national under-20 football team}}<br />
<br />
====2025====<br />
;Friendly matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|7|14|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|20:30|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|UZB}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Mexribon Egamberdiyeva|Egamberdiyeva]] {{goal|38}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|79}}<br />
|stadium = Do'stlik Stadium<br />
|location = [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/young-tigresses-begin-with-a-draw-in-uzbekistan<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|7|16|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|20:30|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|UZB}}<br />
|score = 1–4<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Shakhnoza Dekanbaeva|Dekanbaeva]] {{goal|39}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam|Nongmeikapam]] {{goal|28||85}}<br />
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|65}}<br />
*[[Neha Sillay|Sillay]] {{goal|71}}<br />
|stadium = Do'stlik Stadium<br />
|location = [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-thrash-uzbekistan<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|25|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|11:30|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|19|KAZ}}<br />
|score = 2–3<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
* [[Zhanel Talasbayeva|Talasbayeva]] {{goal|23|pen.}}<br />
* [[Nazym Aldanazar|Aldanazar]] {{goal|84|pen.}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
* [[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam|Nongmeikapam]] {{goal|2}}<br />
* [[Anju Chanu Kayenpaibam|Kayenpaibam]] {{goal|15}}<br />
* [[Pooja (footballer, born 2007)|Pooja]] {{goal|41}}<br />
|stadium = Sports Complex BIIK Shymkent<br />
|location = [[Shymkent]], Kazakhstan<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251025112237/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-edge-kazakhstan-in-first-of-two-friendlies<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|28|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|11:30|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|19|KAZ}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
* [[Adeliya Bekkozhina|Bekkozhina]] {{goal|47}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
* [[Pooja (footballer, born 2007)|Pooja]] {{goal|55}}<br />
|stadium = Sports Complex BIIK Shymkent<br />
|location = [[Shymkent]], Kazakhstan<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251029062611/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-held-by-kazakhstan-u19-in-second-friendly<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|29|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|17:00|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|IND}}<br />
|score = 1–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|UZB}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Scamper Park (FC Madras Academy)<br />
|location = [[Mamallapuram]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = <br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|12|2|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|17:00|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|IND}}<br />
|score = 4–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|UZB}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Scamper Park (FC Madras Academy)<br />
|location = [[Mamallapuram]], India<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = <br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
;AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup qualification<br />
{{main|2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup qualification}}<br />
<br />
;Group D<br />
{{:2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup qualification|transcludesection=Group D|showteam=IND}}<br />
;Matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U20 WACQ]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|8|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|IND}}<br />
|score = 0–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|INA}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 =<br />
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yangon]], Myanmar<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = Nurul Ain Izatty Zainal ([[Football Association of Malaysia|MAS]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250809072356/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indonesia-hold-india-at-bay-in-afc-u20-womens-asian-cup-qualifiers-opener<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U20 WACQ]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|8|8|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|TKM}}<br />
|score = 0–7<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Shubhangi Singh|Singh]] {{goal|7||42}}<br />
*[[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam|Nongmeikapam]] {{goal|14}}<br />
*[[Thoibisana Chanu Toijam|Toijam]] {{goal|35}}<br />
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|38||90+6}}<br />
*[[Pooja (footballer)|Pooja]] {{goal|65}}<br />
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yangon]], Myanmar<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = Sunita Thongthawin ([[Football Association of Thailand|THA]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250809071932/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-on-track-in-asian-cup-qualifiers-after-turkmenistan-demolition<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U20 WACQ]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|8|10|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|15:00|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|MYA}}<br />
|score = 0–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = [[Pooja (footballer)|Pooja]] {{goal|27}} <br />
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yangon]], Myanmar<br />
|attendance =<br />
|referee = Nurul Ain Izatty Zainal ([[Football Association of Malaysia|Malaysia]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/afc_u20_womens_asian_cup.html/news/qualifiers-group-d-myanmar-0-1-india<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== 2026 ====<br />
;SAFF U-19 Women's Championship<br />
{{main|2026 SAFF U-19 Women's Championship}}<br />
India fielded their [[India women's national under-17 football team|U-17 national team]] as a preparatory tournament for the [[2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup]].<br />
*''Check for '''Under-17''' results below''<br />
;Friendly matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Unofficial friendly]]<br />
|date = 19 February<br />
|time = 18:30 IST<br />
|team1 = [[Hammarby Fotboll (women)|Hammarby women]] {{#invoke:flag|fbicon|SWE}}<br />
|score = 6–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
* {{goal|16||22||53||59||77||85}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Hammarby IP]]<br />
|location = [[Stockholm]], Sweden<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260220073804/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-lose-to-hammarby-if-in-stockholm-friendly<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Unofficial friendly]]<br />
|date = 22 February<br />
|time = –:– IST<br />
|team1 = [[Täby FK|Täby]] women {{#invoke:flag|fbicon|SWE}}<br />
|score = 0–4<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Babita Kumari (footballer)|B. Kumari]] {{goal|10||63}}<br />
*[[Lhingdeikim Kipgen|Kipgen]] {{goal|23}}<br />
*[[Nehal Sillay|Sillay]] {{goal|80}}<br />
|stadium = [[Bosön]]<br />
|location = [[Lidingö Municipality|Lidingö]], Sweden<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260222171641/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-drub-swedish-club-taby-fk-in-friendly<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Unofficial friendly]]<br />
|date = 25 February<br />
|time = –:– IST<br />
|team1 = [[Enskede IK|Enskede]] women {{#invoke:flag|fbicon|SWE}}<br />
|score = 1–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = ?? {{goal|88}}<br />
|goals2 = [[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam|Nongmeikapam]] {{goal|44}}<br />
|stadium = [[Bosön]]<br />
|location = [[Lidingö Municipality|Lidingö]], Sweden<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260226160519/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-held-to-a-draw-by-swedish-club-enskede-ik-dam<br />
|result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Unofficial friendly]]<br />
|date = 28 February<br />
|time = –:– IST<br />
|team1 = [[Karlbergs BK|Karlbergs]] women {{#invoke:flag|fbicon|SWE}}<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*?? {{goal|58}}<br />
*?? {{goal|72}} <br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Neha Sillay|Sillay]] {{goal|56}}<br />
|stadium = [[Bosön]]<br />
|location = [[Lidingö Municipality|Lidingö]], Sweden<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260228162230/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/young-tigresses-lose-lead-and-match-against-karlbergs-bk-in-sweden<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Unofficial friendly]]<br />
|date = 5 March<br />
|time = –:– IST<br />
|team1 = [[Älvsjö AIK|Älvsjö]] women {{#invoke:flag|fbicon|SWE}}<br />
|score = 2–5<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*?? {{goal}}<br />
*?? {{goal}} <br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Lhingdeikim Kipgen|Kipgen]] {{goal|1||20|pen.|59}}<br />
*[[Cindy Colney|Colney]] {{goal|34}}<br />
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|90}}<br />
|stadium = [[Bosön]]<br />
|location = [[Lidingö Municipality|Lidingö]], Sweden<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260305194048/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u20-women-score-five-against-swedish-club-alvsjo-aik<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
;AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup<br />
{{main|2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup}}<br />
;Group C<br />
{{:2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup |transcludesection=Group C |showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup#Group C|2026 AFC U20 GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|4|2|df=y}}<br />
|time = 18:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|JPN}}<br />
|score = 6–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Thoibisana Chanu Toijam|Chanu]] {{goal|12|o.g.}}<br />
*[[Miki Kimura|Kimura]] {{goal|54}}<br />
*[[Noa Fukushima|Fukushima]] {{goal|57}}<br />
*[[Natsumi Tago|Tago]] {{goal|75}}<br />
*[[Miyu Matsunaga|Matsunaga]] {{goal|81}}<br />
*[[Yura Honda|Y. Honda]] {{goal|87}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = [[Thammasat Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Bangkok]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = 47<br />
|referee = Khin Nyein Chan ([[Myanmar Football Federation|Myanmar]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-u20-womens-asian-cup/2026/2608837<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup#Group C|2026 AFC U20 GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|4|5|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|IND}}<br />
|score = 0–5<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|AUS}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Skye Halmarick|Halmarick]] {{goal|38|pen.|39||48}}<br />
*[[Danella Butrus|Butrus]] {{goal|54}}<br />
*[[Daisy Brown|Brown]] {{goal|90+4}}<br />
|stadium = [[True BG Stadium|Pathum Thani Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Esra'a Al-Mbaidin ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-u20-womens-asian-cup/2026/2608838<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup#Group C|2026 AFC U20 GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|4|8|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|TPE}}<br />
|score = 1–3<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|20|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Kao Hsin]] {{goal|90+3}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Bhumika Devi Khumukcham|Khumukcham]] {{goal|26}}<br />
*[[Sibani Devi Nongmeikapam|Nongmeikapam]] {{goal|32||87|pen.}}<br />
|stadium = [[True BG Stadium|Pathum Thani Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]], Thailand<br />
|attendance = 30<br />
|referee = Bùi Thị Thu Trang ([[Vietnam Football Federation|Vietnam]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-u20-womens-asian-cup/2026/2608840<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Under-17 ===<br />
{{Main|India women's national under-17 football team}}<br />
<br />
====2025====<br />
;SAFF U-17 Women's Championship<br />
{{main|2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship}}<br />
{{:2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship<br />
|transcludesection=Standing |showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship|2025 SAFF U17]]<br />
| date = 20 August 2025<br />
| time = 14:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
| score = 7–0<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250822110423/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-storm-nepal-7-0-in-saff-u17-womens-championship-opener<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|NEP}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Abhista Basnett|Basnett]] {{goal|16||41}}<br />
*[[Nira Chanu Longjam|Longjam]] {{goal|25||56}}<br />
*[[Anushka Kumari|A. Kumari]] {{goal|33||62}}<br />
*[[Julan Nongmaithem|Nongmaithem]] {{goal|45+1}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Changlimithang Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Thimphu]], Bhutan<br />
| attendance =<br />
| referee = Tahura Sharaban ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|Bangladesh]])<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship|2025 SAFF U17]]<br />
| date = 22 August 2025<br />
| time = 14:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|BAN}}<br />
| score = 0–2<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250822161921/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-see-off-bangladesh-challenge-in-saff-u17-womens-championship<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Pearl Fernandes|P. Fernandes]] {{goal|14}}<br />
*[[Bonifilia Shullai|Shullai]] {{goal|76}}<br />
| stadium = [[Changlimithang Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Thimphu]], Bhutan<br />
| attendance =<br />
| referee = Pabasara Minisarani Yapa ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship|2025 SAFF U17]]<br />
| date = 24 August 2025<br />
| time = 14:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|BHU}}<br />
| score = 0–8<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250824130845/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-women-slam-eight-past-bhutan<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Abhista Basnett|Basnett]] {{goal|23||88}}<br />
*[[Anushka Kumari|A. Kumari]] {{goal|53||61||72}}<br />
*[[Pearl Fernandes|P. Fernandes]] {{goal|71}}<br />
*[[Divyani Linda|Linda]] {{goal|77}}<br />
*[[Valaina Fernandes|V. Fernandes]] {{goal|90+2}}<br />
| stadium = [[Changlimithang Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Thimphu]], Bhutan<br />
| attendance =<br />
| referee = Tahura Sharaban ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|Bangladesh]])<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship|2025 SAFF U17]]<br />
| date = 27 August 2025<br />
| time = 17:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
| score = 5–0<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|BHU}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Anushka Kumari|A. kumari]] {{goal|4||16}}<br />
*[[Shveta Rani|Rani]] {{goal|24}}<br />
*[[Julan Nongmaithem|Nongmaithem]] {{goal|77}}<br />
*[[Nira Chanu|Chanu]] {{goal|90+5}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Changlimithang Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Thimphu]]<br />
| attendance =<br />
| referee = Kriti Sen ([[All Nepal Football Association|Nepal]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250827171010/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/five-star-performance-against-bhutan-inches-india-closer-to-saff-u17-womens-crown<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship|2025 SAFF U17]]<br />
| date = 29 August 2025<br />
| time = 17:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
| score = 5–0<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250829153517/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/dominant-india-seal-saff-u17-womens-championship-title-after-defeating-nepal<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|NEP}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Nira Chanu Longjam|Longjam]] {{goal|5}}<br />
*[[Pearl Fernandes|P. Fernandes]] {{goal|15||43}}<br />
*[[Divyani Linda|Linda]] {{goal|79||90+2}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Changlimithang Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Thimphu]], Bhutan<br />
| attendance =<br />
| referee = Sharaban Tahura ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|Bangladesh]])<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF U-17 Women's Championship|2025 SAFF U17]]<br />
| date = 31 August 2025<br />
| time = 14:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|BAN}}<br />
| score = 4–3<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251003111808/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-crowned-saff-u17-womens-champions-despite-defeat-against-bangladesh<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Purnima Marma|Purnima]] {{goal|1}}<br />
*[[Alpi Akter|Alpi]] {{goal|34}}<br />
*[[Sauravi Akanda Prity|Prity]] {{goal|49||90+5}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Anushka Kumari|Anushka]] {{goal|9}}<br />
*[[Pritika Barman|Pritika]] {{goal|65}}<br />
*[[Julan Nongmaithem|Nongmaithem]] {{goal|89}}<br />
| stadium = [[Changlimithang Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Thimphu]], Bhutan<br />
| attendance =<br />
| referee = Meera Tamang ([[Bhutan Football Federation|Bhutan]])<br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
<br />
;AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification<br />
{{Main|2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification}}<br />
<br />
{{:2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification|transcludesection=Group G|showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U17 WAC Qual.]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|13|df=y}}<br />
|time = 18:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|KGZ}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Akramal Saiakbaeva|Saiakbaeva]] {{goal|34}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Pearl Fernandes|P. Fernandes]] {{goal|26}}<br />
*[[Julan Nongmaithem|Nongmaithem]] {{goal|90}}<br />
|stadium = [[Dolen Omurzakov Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Bishkek]], Kyrgyzstan<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Haneen Murad ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251021153350/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/julans-injury-time-winner-hands-india-three-points-against-kyrgyz-republic-in-afc-u17-womens-asian-cup-qualifier<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC U17 WAC Qual.]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|17|df=y}}<br />
|time = 18:30<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 2–1<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|UZB}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Thandamoni Baskey|Baskey]] {{goal|55}}<br />
*[[Anushka Kumari|Kumari]] {{goal|66}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Shakhzoda Alikhonova|Alikhonova]] {{goal|38}}<br />
|stadium = [[Dolen Omurzakov Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Bishkek]], Kyrgyzstan<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Park Se-jin ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20251021153306/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-come-from-behind-to-seal-maiden-afc-u17-womens-asian-cup-qualification<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==== 2026 ====<br />
;SAFF U-19 Women's Championship<br />
{{main|2026 SAFF U-19 Women's Championship}}<br />
India fielded their [[India women's national under-20 football team|U17]] national team, though the tournament is for [[India women's national under-20 football team|U20]] age group, as a preparatory tournament for the [[2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup|2026 U-17 Women's Asian Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=23-member Indian squad leave for Pokhara to play SAFF U19 Women’s C’ship |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/23-member-indian-squad-leave-for-pokhara-to-play-saff-u19-womens-cship |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=30 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260130072323/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/23-member-indian-squad-leave-for-pokhara-to-play-saff-u19-womens-cship |archive-date=30 January 2026 |date=29 January 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
;Standing<br />
{{:2026 SAFF U-19 Women's Championship<br />
|transcludesection=Group stage|showteam=IND}}<br />
<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF U-19 Women's Championship|2026 SAFF U19 Gr. Stage]]<br />
| date = 31 January 2025<br />
| time = 14:45 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
| score = 1–0<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260204093053/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Match-Report-02.pdf<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|20|NEP|name=Nepal U19}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Pearl Fernandes|P. Fernandes]] {{goal|49}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Pokhara Rangasala]]<br />
| location = [[Pokhara]], Nepal<br />
| attendance = 116<br />
| referee = Tshering Yangkhey ([[Bhutan Football Federation|Bhutan]])<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF U-19 Women's Championship|2026 SAFF U19 Gr. Stage]]<br />
| date = 2 February 2025<br />
| time = 11:45 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|BAN|name=Bangladesh U19}}<br />
| score = 2–0<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260204094657/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Match-report-03.pdf<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
* [[Arpita Biswas|Biswas]] {{goal|29}}<br />
* [[Alpi Akhter|A. Akter]] {{goal|40}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Pokhara Rangasala]]<br />
| location = [[Pokhara]], Nepal<br />
| attendance = 250<br />
| referee = Choki Om ([[Bhutan Football Federation|Bhutan]])<br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF U-19 Women's Championship|2026 SAFF U19 Gr. Stage]]<br />
| date = 4 February 2025<br />
| time = 11:45 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
| score = 8–0<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260204092317/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Match-summary-05-1.pdf<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|20|BHU|name=Bhutan U19}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Alisha Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|6}}<br />
*[[Abhista Basnett|Basnett]] {{goal|10}}<br />
*[[Pearl Fernandes|P. Fernandes]] {{goal|16||38||40}}<br />
*[[Divyani Linda|Linda]] {{goal|17}}<br />
*[[Pritika Barman|Barman]] {{goal|25||89}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Pokhara Rangasala]]<br />
| location = [[Pokhara]], Nepal<br />
| attendance = 150<br />
| referee = Saraban Tahura ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|Bangladesh]])<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF U-19 Women's Championship|2026 SAFF U19 Final]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|2|7|df=y}}<br />
| time = 14:45 IST<br />
| team1 = {{fbwu-rt|20|BAN|name=Bangladesh U19}}<br />
| score = 0–4<br />
| team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
| goals1 =<br />
| goals2 =<br />
*[[Julan Nongmaithem|Nongmaithem]] {{goal|42}}<br />
*[[Elizabed Lakra|Lakra]] {{goal|63|pen}}<br />
*[[Pearl Fernandes|P. Fernandes]] {{goal|68}}<br />
*[[Anwita Raghuraman|Raghuraman]] {{goal|83}}<br />
| stadium = [[Pokhara Rangasala]]<br />
| location = [[Pokhara]], Nepal<br />
| attendance = and 250<br />
| referee = Om Choki ([[Bhutan Football Federation|Bhutan]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260207160834/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/MATCH_REPORT-7-BD-U-19-Womens-SAFF-2026-vs-India-U-19-W-2026-1.pdf<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
;Friendly matches<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|12|df=y}}<br />
|time = 16:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|MYA}}<br />
|score = 0–2<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
|goals2 = [[Pritika Barman|Barman]] {{goal|38||49}}<br />
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yangon]]. Myanmar <br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Zin Mar Oo ([[Myanmar Football Federation|Myanmar]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260312155450/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/pritikas-brace-helps-india-defeat-myanmar-in-first-of-two-u17-friendlies<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|03|14|df=y}}<br />
|time = 16:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|MYA}}<br />
|score = 2–3<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Hnin Wint War Kyaw|War Kyaw]] {{goal|12}}<br />
*[[Min Htone May Zitar|May Zitar]] {{goal|45}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Alva Devi Senjam|Senjam]] {{goal|33}}<br />
*[[Anushka Kumari|A. Kumari]] {{goal|88}}<br />
*[[Joya (footballer)|Joya]] {{goal|90+1}}<br />
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]]<br />
|location = [[Yangon]]. Myanmar <br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Khin Nyein Chan ([[Myanmar Football Federation|Myanmar]])<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260314134422/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-women-secure-comeback-win-over-myanmar-with-two-late-strikes<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|4|11|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|RUS}}<br />
|score = 4–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Valeria Menyailova|Menyailova]] {{goal|44}}<br />
*[[Dana Dobrovitskaya|Dobrovitskaya]] {{goal|57|pen.}}<br />
*[[Alisa Klimova|Klimova]] {{goal|72|pen.}}<br />
*[[Angelina Gulyaeva|Gulyaeva]] {{goal|88}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Matsesta Football Center<br />
|location = [[Sochi]], Russia<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = <br />
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20260411110418/https://www.rfs.ru/match/56643 RFU]<br/>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260414200557/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-u17-women-go-down-to-russia-in-first-sochi-friendly AIFF]<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|4|14|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|RUS}}<br />
|score = 3–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Sofia Svyatnaya|Svyatnaya]] {{goal|18}}<br />
*[[Valeria Menyailova|Menyailova]] {{goal|49||52}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Matsesta Football Center<br />
|location = [[Sochi]], Russia<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Alexandra Ponomareva ([[Russian Football Union|Russia]])<br />
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20260414195444/https://www.rfs.ru/match/56644 RFU]<br/>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260414200228/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/russia-put-three-past-young-tigresses-in-u17-womens-friendly AIFF]<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|4|17|df=y}}<br />
|time = 14:30 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|RUS}}<br />
|score = 3–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Valeria Menyailova|Menyailova]] {{goal|46}}<br />
*[[Polina Frolova|Frolova]] {{goal|80}}<br />
*[[Anna Bykhanova|Bykhanova]] {{goal|90+2}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Matsesta Football Center<br />
|location = [[Sochi]], Russia<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Nadezhda Gorinova ([[Russian Football Union|Russia]])<br />
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20260417114806/https://www.rfs.ru/match/56645 RFU]<br/>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260417150142/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/russia-defeat-india-u17-women-in-third-and-final-friendly AIFF]<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
;AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup<br />
{{main|2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup}}<br />
;Group stage<br />
{{:2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup |transcludesection=Group B |showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup#Group B|2026 AFC U17 WAC GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|5|2|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|AUS}}<br />
|score = 2–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|IND}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Theodora Mouithys-Mickalad|Mouitys-Mickalad]] {{goal|25}}<br />
*[[Abhista Basnett|Basnett]] {{goal|59|o.g.}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Suzhou Taihu Football Sports Centre (Pitch 8)<br />
|location = [[Suzhou]], China<br />
|attendance = 80<br />
|referee = Maïka Vanderstichel ([[French Football Federation|France]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-u17-womens-asian-cup/2026/2626805<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup#Group B|2026 AFC U17 WAC GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|5|5|df=y}}<br />
|time = 17:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 0–3<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|JPN}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Yumi Hayashi (footballer)|Hayashi]] {{goal|59}}<br />
*[[Yuzuha Ikeda|Ikeda]] {{goal|76||81}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Suzhou Taihu Football Sports Centre (Pitch 4)<br />
|location = [[Suzhou]], China<br />
|attendance = 124<br />
|referee = Trần Thị Thanh ([[Vietnam Football Federation|Vietnam]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-u17-womens-asian-cup/2026/2626806<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{Football box collapsible<br />
|format = 1<br />
|round = {{nobr|[[2026 AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup#Group B|2026 AFC U17 WAC GS]]}}<br />
|date = {{Start date|2026|5|8|df=y}}<br />
|time = 13:00 IST<br />
|team1 = {{fbwu-rt|17|IND}}<br />
|score = 4–0<br />
|team2 = {{fbwu|17|LBN}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Pritika Barman|Barman]] {{goal|7||85}}<br />
*[[Alva Devi Senjam|Senjam]] {{goal|36}}<br />
*[[Joya (footballer)|Joya]] {{goal|72}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|stadium = Suzhou Taihu Football Sports Centre (Pitch 8)<br />
|location = [[Suzhou]], China<br />
|attendance = <br />
|referee = Sunita Thongthawin ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-u17-womens-asian-cup/2026/2626809<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Men's national futsal team ==<br />
{{Main|India national futsal team}}<br />
<br />
=== 2025 ===<br />
;Friendlies<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| id = LBNvIND1<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|9|13|df=y}}<br />
| time = 21:30 IST<br />
| round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
| score = 7–2<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250916095228/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-mens-futsal-team-suffer-defeat-against-lebanon-in-preparatory-friendly<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|LBN}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Mario Abou Jaoude|Jaoude]] {{goal|5}}<br />
*[[Hassan Maatouk (futsal player)|Maatouk]] {{goal|11||29}}<br />
*[[Steve Koukezian|Koukezian]] {{goal|14||27}}<br />
*[[Majd Hamouch|Hamouch]] {{goal|17}}<br />
*[[Mohamad Osman|Osman]] {{goal|36}}<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|IND}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Seaon D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{goal|31}}<br />
*[[Mahip Adhikari|Adhikari]] {{goal|38}}<br />
| location = [[Beirut]], Lebanon<br />
| stadium = Al Sadaka Sporting Complex<br />
| attendance = <br />
| referee = <br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| id = LBNvIND2<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|9|15|df=y}}<br />
| time = 21:30 IST<br />
| round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]]<br />
| score = 7–4<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250918171414/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/futsal-tigers-suffer-second-friendly-defeat-against-lebanon<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|LBN}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Mustafa Rhayem|Rhayem]] {{goal|1||23}}<br />
*[[Majd Hamouch|Hamouch]] {{goal|3}}<br />
*[[Steve Koukezian|Koukezian]] {{goal|13}}<br />
*[[Ali Hamam (futsal player)|Hamam]] {{goal|28}}<br />
*[[Mario Abou Jaoude|Jaoude]] {{goal|29}}<br />
*[[Mohamad Kobeissi|Kobeissi]] {{goal|38}}<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|IND}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[David Laltlansanga|Laltlansanga]] {{goal|8}}<br />
*[[Fredsan Marshall|Marshall]] {{goal|19}}<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali|Mali]] {{goal|20}}<br />
*[[Aman Shah|Shah]] {{goal|30}}<br />
| location = [[Beirut]], Lebanon<br />
| stadium = Al Sadaka Sporting Complex<br />
| attendance = <br />
| referee = <br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
;2026 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualifiers<br />
{{Further information|2026 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualification}}<br />
{{:2026 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualification<br />
|transcludesection=Group A |showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| id = KUWvIND<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|9|20|df=y}}<br />
| time = 22:30 IST<br />
| round = [[2026 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC Futsal Qual]]<br />
| score = 4–1<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250921072224/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/futsal-tigers-lose-lead-and-match-against-kuwait-in-asian-cup-qualifiers<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|KUW}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Saleh Al Fadhel|Fadhel]] {{goal|10}}<br />
*[[Abdulaziz AlSarraj|Sarraj]] {{goal|18}}<br />
*[[Mohammed Al Ajmi|Ajmi]] {{goal|27}}<br />
*[[Abduellteif Al Basi|Basi]] {{goal|37}}<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|IND}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[David Laltlansanga|Laltlansanga]] {{goal|9}}<br />
| location = [[Ardiya]], Kuwait<br />
| stadium = Qushaian Al-Mutairi Hall<br />
| attendance = <br />
| referee = <br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| id = INDvAUS<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|9|22|df=y}}<br />
| time = 18:30 IST<br />
| round = [[2026 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC Futsal Qual]]<br />
| score = 1–10<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250924200348/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/futsal-tigers-suffer-drubbing-at-the-hands-of-australia<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = [[Seaon D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{goal|15}}<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|AUS}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
* [[Scott ROgan|Rogan]] {{goal|5||32}}<br />
* [[Michael Kouta|Kouta]] {{goal|5}}<br />
* [[Corey Sewell|Sewell]] {{goal|11||32}}<br />
* [[Tyler Garner|Garner]] {{goal|17}}<br />
* [[Jordan Guerreiro|Guerreiro]] {{goal|18||35}}<br />
* [[Wayde Giovenali|Giovenali]] {{goal|20}}<br />
* [[Ethan De Melo|De Melo]] {{goal|21}}<br />
| location = [[Ardiya]], Kuwait<br />
| stadium = Qushaian Al-Mutairi Hall<br />
| attendance = <br />
| referee = <br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| id = MNGvIND<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|9|24|df=y}}<br />
| time = 18:30 IST<br />
| round = [[2026 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualification|2026 AFC Futsal Qual]]<br />
| score = 0–3<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250924185313/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/india-trounce-mongolia-to-get-historic-first-win-on-futsal-court<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|MNG}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| team2 = {{futsal|IND}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Seaon D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{goal|17||33}}<br />
*[[Anmol Adhikari|A. Adhikari]] {{goal|35}}<br />
| location = [[Ardiya]], Kuwait<br />
| stadium = Qushaian Al-Mutairi Hall<br />
| attendance = <br />
| referee = <br />
| result = W <br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== 2026 ===<br />
;2026 SAFF Futsal Championship<br />
{{Further information|2026 SAFF Futsal Championship}}<br />
{{:2026 SAFF Futsal Championship<br />
|transcludesection=Group stage |showteam=IND}}<br />
<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Futsal Championship|SAFF Futsal Championship]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|14|df=y}}<br />
| time = 16:30<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|IND}}<br />
| score = 4–4<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|BAN}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Anmol Adhikari {{futsal goal|12|}}<br />
*Lalsawmpuia {{futsal goal|20|}}<br />
*K Roluahpuia {{futsal goal|27|||36|}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Md Moin Ahmed {{futsal goal|9|||31|}}<br />
*Md Rahbar Wahed Khan {{futsal goal|16|||37|}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = [[Bangkok]], Thailand<br />
| attendance = 70<br />
| referee = [[Chris Sinclair (referee)|Chris Sinclair]] ([[The Football Association|England]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260115161225/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-2-India-Futsal-vs-Bangladesh-Futsal.pdf<br />
| result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Futsal Championship|SAFF Futsal Championship]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|18|df=y}}<br />
| time = 14:00<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|IND}}<br />
| score = 3–3<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|NEP}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Laltluangzela {{futsal goal|6}}<br />
*Anmol Adhikari {{futsal goal|39}}<br />
*Nikhil Rajendra Mali {{futsal goal|40}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Bikrant Narsing Rana {{futsal goal|5}}<br />
*Amit Lama {{futsal goal|25}}<br />
*Bijay Shrestha {{futsal goal|40}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = [[Bangkok]], Thailand<br />
| attendance = 56<br />
| referee = Ali Ahmadi ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260121161448/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-7-India-Futsal-vs-Nepal-Futsal.pdf<br />
| result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Futsal Championship|SAFF Futsal Championship]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|20|df=y}}<br />
| time = 16:30<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|MDV}}<br />
| score = 5–0<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Mohamed Imran {{futsal goal|12|||30}}<br />
*Abdulla Shafiu {{futsal goal|22}}<br />
*[[Ali Shamal Abdulla]] {{futsal goal|24}}<br />
*Ahmed Hameed {{futsal goal|40}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = [[Bangkok]], Thailand<br />
| attendance = 50<br />
| referee = Ali Hafizi ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260121161623/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/M11-MS.pdf<br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Futsal Championship|SAFF Futsal Championship]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|22|df=y}}<br />
| time = 19:00<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|BHU}}<br />
| score = 3–11<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|IND}}<br />
| goals1 =<br />
*Jigme Tshultrim {{futsal goal|11}}<br />
*Jetsuen Dorji {{futsal goal|15}}<br />
*[[Nima Wangdi]] {{futsal goal|35}} <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Jonathan Lalrawngbawla {{futsal goal|4}}<br />
*Jignam Seltob Dorji {{futsal goal|6||o.g.}}<br />
*Laltluangzela {{futsal goal|9|||39}}<br />
*Lalsawmpuia {{futsal goal|15}}<br />
*Anmol Adhikari {{futsal goal|17|||32}}<br />
*Seon D'Souza {{futsal goal|34}}<br />
*Nikhil Mali {{futsal goal|40|||40|||40}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = {{nobr|[[Bangkok]]}}, Thailand<br />
| attendance = 50<br />
| referee = Mohammad Javed Ehtesham ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])<br />
| report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/M15-MS.pdf<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Futsal Championship|2026 SAFF Championship]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|24|df=y}}<br />
| time = 17:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|SRI}}<br />
| goals1 = Mohamed Kursheeth {{futsal goal|19|}}<br />
| score = 1–4<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|IND}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Seon D'Souza {{futsal goal|3|||20|}}<br />
*Lalsawmpuia {{futsal goal|10}}<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali]] {{futsal goal|12|}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Bangkok]], Thailand<br />
| attendance = 19<br />
| referee = Chonlakan Luangsa-Ard ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
| report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-18-Sri-Lanka-Futsal-vs-India-Futsal.pdf<br />
| result= W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Futsal Championship|2026 SAFF Championship]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|26|df=y}}<br />
| time = 17:30 IST<br />
| team1 = {{futsal-rt|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Laltluangzela {{futsal goal|6}}<br />
*Lalsawmpuia {{futsal goal|25|||40}}<br />
*[[Nikhil Mali]] {{futsal goal|32|}}<br />
| score = 4–1<br />
| team2 = {{futsal|PAK}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Ali Agha {{futsal goal|19|}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]]<br />
| location = [[Bangkok]], Thailand<br />
| attendance = 135<br />
| referee = Chris Sinclair ([[New Zealand Football|New Zealand]])<br />
| report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-21-India-Futsal-vs-Pakistan-Futsal-1.pdf<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Women's national futsal team ==<br />
{{Main|India women's national futsal team}}<br />
<br />
The following is a list of match results in the 2025–26 season, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled in the season.<br />
=== 2026 ===<br />
;2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship<br />
{{Further information|2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship}}<br />
{{:2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship<br />
|transcludesection=Group stage |showteam=IND}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship|SAFF W Futsal]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|13|df=y}}<br />
| time = 14:00<br />
| team1 = {{wfutsal-rt|MDV}}<br />
| score = 1–11<br />
| team2 = {{wfutsal|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Achom Degio {{futsal goal|39||o.g.}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Mithila Ramani {{futsal goal|4|}}<br />
*Ritika Singh {{futsal goal|6|||17}}<br />
*Khushbu Saroj {{futsal goal|17|||22|||24|||26}}<br />
*Sonali Mondal {{futsal goal|17|||37}}<br />
*Nishka Parkash {{futsal goal|33|||34}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = {{nobr|[[Bangkok]]}}, Thailand<br />
| attendance = 20<br />
| referee = Khamprasong Xayavongsy ([[Lao Football Federation|Laos]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260115161037/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-1-MALDIVES-WOMENS-FUTSAL-vs-INDIA-WOMENS-FUTSAL-1.pdf<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship|SAFF W Futsal]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|15|df=y}}<br />
| time = 14:00<br />
| team1 = {{wfutsal-rt|BAN}}<br />
| score = 3–1<br />
| team2 = {{wfutsal|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Sabina Khatun|Khatun]] {{futsal goal|7|||13}}<br />
*[[Sumaya Matsushima|Matsushima]] {{futsal goal|31|}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Arya Dhanaji More {{futsal goal|37|}}<br />
| stadium = [[Indoor Stadium Huamark|Hua Mak Stadium]] <br />
| location = {{nobr|[[Bangkok]]}}, Thailand<br />
| attendance = 50<br />
| referee = Benjapol Mucharoensap ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260115160822/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-4-BANGLADESH-WOMENS-FUTSAL-vs-INDIA-WOMENS-FUTSAL.pdf<br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship|SAFF W Futsal]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|17|df=y}}<br />
| time = 16:30<br />
| team1 = {{wfutsal-rt|IND}}<br />
| score = 8–1<br />
| team2 = {{wfutsal|NEP}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Diti Kanungo {{futsal goal|4|||4|||13|||15}}<br />
*Nishka Parkash {{futsal goal|8}}<br />
*Ritika Singh {{futsal goal|22|||37}}<br />
*Khushbu Saroj {{futsal goal|24}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Manisha Thapa Magar {{futsal goal|8}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = {{nobr|[[Bangkok]]}}, Thailand<br />
| attendance = 40<br />
| referee = Benjapol Mucharoensap ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260121162101/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-8-INDIA-WOMENS-FUTSAL-vs-NEPAL-WOMENS-FUTSAL.pdf<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship|SAFF W Futsal]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|19|df=y}}<br />
| time = 19:00<br />
| team1 = {{wfutsal-rt|IND}}<br />
| score = 5–3<br />
| team2 = {{wfutsal|PAK}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Arya More {{futsal goal|14}}<br />
*Ritika Singh {{futsal goal|28}}<br />
*Khushbu Saroj {{futsal goal|29}}<br />
*Diti Kanungo {{futsal goal|37|||40}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Kayanat Bokhari]] {{futsal goal|4}}<br />
*Azwa Chaudhry {{futsal goal|26}}<br />
*Anmool Hira {{futsal goal|27}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = {{nobr|[[Bangkok]]}}, Thailand<br />
| attendance = 50<br />
| referee = Nattakit Hintua ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20260121161918/https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-12-INDIA-WOMENS-FUTSAL-vs-PAKISTAN-WOMENS-FUTSAL-2.pdf<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship|SAFF W Futsal]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|23|df=y}}<br />
| time = 19:00<br />
| team1 = {{wfutsal-rt|BHU}}<br />
| score = 2–1<br />
| team2 = {{wfutsal|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Jamyang Choden {{futsal goal|20}}<br />
*[[Deki Lhazom]] {{futsal goal|28}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Khushbu Saroj {{futsal goal|36}}<br />
| stadium = [[Nonthaburi Province Stadium|Nonthaburi Stadium]] <br />
| location = {{nobr|[[Bangkok]]}}, Thailand<br />
| attendance = 43<br />
| referee = Ali Ahmadi ([[Football_Federation_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran|Iran]])<br />
| report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-18-BHUTAN-WOMENS-FUTSAL-vs-INDIA-WOMENS-FUTSAL.pdf<br />
| result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| format = 1<br />
| round = [[2026 SAFF Women's Futsal Championship|SAFF W Futsal]]<br />
| date = {{Start date|2026|1|25|df=y}}<br />
| time = 16:30<br />
| team1 = {{wfutsal-rt|SRI}}<br />
| score = 2–5<br />
| team2 = {{wfutsal|IND}}<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*Shanu Paskaran {{futsal goal|22}}<br />
*Gowry Surenthiran {{futsal goal|28}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Sonali Mondal {{futsal goal|6|||7|||16}}<br />
*Mithila Ramani {{futsal goal|9}}<br />
*Pooja Munnalal Gupta {{futsal goal|36}}<br />
| stadium = [[Indoor Stadium Huamark|Hua Mak Stadium]] <br />
| location = {{nobr|[[Bangkok]]}}, Thailand<br />
| attendance = 50<br />
| referee = Benjapol Mucharoensap ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])<br />
| report = https://saffederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/MATCH_REPORT-20-SRI-LANKA-WOMENS-FUTSAL-vs-INDIA-WOMENS-FUTSAL.pdf<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== AFC club competitions (men's)==<br />
<br />
=== AFC Champions League Two ===<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 AFC Champions League Two}}<br />
<br />
==== Qualifying play-offs ====<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|format =1<br />
| round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two#Qualifying play-offs|Preliminary stage]]<br />
| date = 13 August 2025<br />
| time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}<br />
| score = 2–1<br />
| team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|OMN}} [[Al-Seeb Club|Al-Seeb]]}}<br />
| report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20250823063945/https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_champions_league_two.html/news/ps-fc-goa-ind-2-1-al-seeb-club-oma-2 AFC ]<br>[https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2025-08-13/fc-goa-vs-al-seeb-sc/3749182/ GSA]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Dejan Dražić|Dražić]] {{goal|24}} <br />
*[[Javier Siverio|Siverio]] {{goal|52}} <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Nasser Al-Rawahi|Nasser]] {{goal|60}} <br />
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Goa]],}} India<br />
| attendance = 12,314<br />
| referee = [[Zhang Lei (referee)|Zhang Lei]] ([[China Football Association|China]])<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====Group stage====<br />
=====[[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group C|Group C]]=====<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 Mohun Bagan Super Giant season}}<br />
{{2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group tables|Group C|show_matches=yes<br />
|teamwidth=240|showteam=MBG}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group C|Group Stage]]<br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|9|16|df=y}}<br />
|time = {{UTZ|19:15|5:30}}<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]}} {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}<br />
|score = Voided<br/>(0–1)<br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|TKM}} [[Ahal FK|Ahal]]}}<br />
|goals1 = [[Tom Aldred]] {{yel|45+1}}<br />
|goals2 = N. Tovakelov {{yel|70}} <br> Enver Annayev {{goal|83}}<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Kolkata]]}}, India <br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|referee = Clifford Daypuyat ([[Philippine Football Federation|Philippines]])<br />
|attendance = 41,003<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597734<br />
|result=V<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group C|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|9|30|df=y}}<br />
|time = 21:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Sepahan S.C.|Sepahan]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IRN}}}}<br />
|score = Cancelled{{efn|On 27 September 2025, AFC announced that Mohun Bagan SG were considered to have withdrawn from the AFC Champions League Two after they failed to appear for their fixture against [[Sepahan S.C.|Sepahan]] in [[Isfahan]]. Their single match was voided.<ref name="MBSG"/>}}<br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Isfahan]]}}, Iran<br />
|stadium = [[Naghsh-e-Jahan Stadium]]<br />
|referee = <br />
|attendance = <br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597737<br />
|result = V<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group C|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|21|df=y}}<br />
|time = 23:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Al-Hussein SC (Irbid)|Al-Hussein]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|JOR}}}}<br />
|score = Cancelled<br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Amman]]}}, Jordan <br />
|stadium = [[Amman International Stadium]]<br />
|referee = <br />
|attendance = <br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597739<br />
|result = V<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group C|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|4|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}}}<br />
|score = Cancelled <br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|JOR}} [[Al-Hussein SC (Irbid)|Al-Hussein]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Kolkata]]}}, India <br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|referee = <br />
|attendance = <br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597740<br />
|result = V<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group C|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|25|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Ahal FK|Ahal]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|TKM}}}}<br />
|score = Cancelled <br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Isfahan]]}}, Iran<br />
|stadium = [[Naghsh-e-Jahan Stadium]]<br />
|referee = <br />
|attendance = <br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597742<br />
|result = V<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group C|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|12|23|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}}}<br />
|score = Cancelled<br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IRN}} [[Sepahan S.C.|Sepahan]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Kolkata]]}}, India <br />
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]<br />
|referee = <br />
|attendance = <br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597744<br />
|result = V<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=====[[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group D|Group D]]=====<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 FC Goa season}}<br />
{{2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group tables|Group D|show_matches=yes<br />
|teamwidth=240|showteam=GOA}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group D|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|9|17|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[FC Goa|Goa]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}}}<br />
|score = 0–2 <br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IRQ}} [[Al-Zawraa SC|Zawraa]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Reziq Bani Hani|Bani Hani]] {{goal|44}}<br />
*[[Nizar Al-Rashdan|Al-Rashdan]] {{goal|90+5}}<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Goa]],}} India<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|referee = Baraa Aisha ([[Palestine Football Association|Palestine]])<br />
|attendance = 8,756<br />
|report = https://web.archive.org/web/20250918073933/https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_champions_league_two.html/news/group-d-fc-goa-ind-0-2-al-zawraa-sc-irq<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group D|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|1|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[FC Istiklol|Istiklol]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|TJK}}}}<br />
|score = 2–0<br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[FC Goa|Goa]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Rustam Soirov|Soirov]] {{goal|46}}<br />
*[[Reza Dehghani|Dehghani]] {{goal|74}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Hisar (Tajikistan)|Hisor]],}} Tajikistan<br />
|stadium = [[Hisor Central Stadium]]<br />
|referee = [[Thoriq Alkatiri]] ([[Football Association of Indonesia|Indonesia]])<br />
|attendance = 5,750<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597748<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|id = GOA v NSR<br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group D|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|10|22|df=y}}<br />
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[FC Goa|Goa]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}}}<br />
|score = 1–2<br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|KSA}} [[Al-Nassr FC|Al-Nassr]]}}<br />
|goals1 = <br />
*[[Brison Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|41}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Ângelo Gabriel|Ângelo]] {{goal|10}}<br />
*[[Haroune Camara|Camara]] {{goal|27}}<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Goa]],}} India<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|referee = Adel Al-Naqbi ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])<br />
|attendance = 14,389<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597751<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group D|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|6|df=y}}<br />
|time = 00:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Al-Nassr FC|Al-Nassr]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|KSA}}}}<br />
|score = 4–0 <br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[FC Goa|Goa]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Abdulrahman Ghareeb|Ghareeb]] {{goal|35||53}}<br />
*[[Mohammed Maran|Maran]] {{goal|65}}<br />
*[[João Félix]] {{goal|84}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Riyadh]],}} {{nowrap|Saudi Arabia}}<br />
|stadium = [[King Saud University Stadium|Al-Awwal Park]] <br />
|referee = Kim Hee-gon ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])<br />
|attendance = <br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597753<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group D|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|11|26|df=y}}<br />
|time = 21:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[Al-Zawraa SC|Zawraa]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IRQ}}}}<br />
|score = 2–1 <br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[FC Goa|Goa]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Kadhim Raad|Raad]] {{goal|38}}<br />
*[[Hasan Abdulkareem|Abdulkareem]] {{goal|65}}<br />
|goals2 = <br />
*[[Dhurgham Ismail|Ismail]] {{goal|51|o.g.}}<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Baghdad]],}} Iraq<br />
|stadium = [[Al Zawraa Stadium]]<br />
|referee = Firdavs Norsafarov ([[Uzbekistan Football Association|Uzbekistan]])<br />
|attendance = 8,322<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597755<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main <br />
|round = [[2025–26 AFC Champions League Two group stage#Group D|Group Stage]] <br />
|date = {{Start date|2025|12|24|df=y}}<br />
|time = 21:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1 = {{nowrap|[[FC Goa|Goa]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}}}<br />
|score = 1–2 <br />
|team2 = {{nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|TJK}} [[FC Istiklol|Istiklol]]}}<br />
|goals1 =<br />
*[[Dejan Dražić|Dražić]] {{goal|8}}<br />
|goals2 =<br />
*[[Paul Komolafe|Komolafe]] {{goal|53}}<br />
*[[Amirbek Dzhuraboev|Dzhuraboev]] {{goal|56|pen.}}<br />
|location = {{nowrap|[[Goa]],}} India<br />
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]<br />
|referee = Ammar Mahfoodh ([[Bahrain Football Association|Bahrain]])<br />
|attendance = 1,083<br />
|report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-champions-league-two/20252026/2597756<br />
|result = L<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== AFC club competitions (women's) ==<br />
<br />
=== AFC Women's Champions League ===<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 East Bengal FC Women season}}<br />
{{Main|2025–26 AFC Women's Champions League}}<br />
<br />
====Preliminary Group E====<br />
{{:2025–26 AFC Women's Champions League|transcludesection=Preliminary Group E|showteam=EAB}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|08|25|df=y}}<br />
| time = 17:30 IST<br />
| team1 = [[Phnom Penh Crown FC|Phnom Penh]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|CAM}}<br />
| score = 0–1<br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|70}}<br />
| stadium = [[Morodok Techo National Sports Complex|National Sports Complex]]<br />
| location = [[Phnom Penh]], Cambodia<br />
| attendance = 786<br />
| referee = Oh Hyeon-jeong ([[Korea Football Association|KOR]])<br />
| report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_womens_champions_league.html/news/ps-group-e-phnom-penh-crown-fc-cam-0-1-east-bengal-ind<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|08|31|df=y}}<br />
| time = 17:30 IST<br />
| team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] {{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}}<br />
| score = 1–1<br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|HKG}} [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]]<br />
| goals1 = [[Sangita Basfore|Basfore]] {{goal|11}}<br />
| goals2 = [[Ho Mui Mei|Mei]] {{goal|59}}<br />
| stadium = [[Morodok Techo National Sports Complex|National Sports Complex]]<br />
| location = [[Phnom Penh]], Cambodia<br />
| attendance = <br />
| referee = <br />
| report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_womens_champions_league.html/news/ps-group-e-east-bengal-fc-ind-1-1-kitchee-sc-hkg<br />
| result =D<br />
}}<br />
====Main Group B====<br />
{{:2025–26 AFC Women's Champions League|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=EAB}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = MD1<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|11|17|df=y}}<br />
| time = 16:30 IST<br />
| team1 = [[Bam Khatoon F.C.|Bam Khatoon]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IRN}}<br />
| score = 1–3<br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|icon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Mona Hamoudi|Hamoudi]] {{goal|45+8|pen.}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Shilky Devi Hemam|Hemam]] {{goal|4}}<br />
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|32}}<br />
*[[Resty Nanziri|Nanziri]] {{goal|87}}<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Wuhan]]}}, [[China]]<br />
| stadium = [[Hankou Cultural Sports Centre]]<br />
| attendance = 268<br />
| referee = [[Casey Reibelt]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<br />
| report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-womens-champions-league/20252026/2604485<br />
|result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = MD2<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|11|20|df=y}}<br />
| time = 16:30 IST<br />
| team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}<br />
| score = 0–2 <br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|CHN}} [[Wuhan Jianghan University F.C.|Wuhan Jiangda]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Wang Shuang (footballer)|Wang Shuang]] {{goal|8||17|pen.}}<br />
| location={{nowrap|[[Wuhan]]}}, China <br />
| stadium=[[Hankou Cultural Sports Centre]]<br />
| attendance = 625<br />
| referee = Kim Yu-jeong ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])<br />
| report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-womens-champions-league/20252026/2604488<br />
| result= L<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = MD3<br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|11|23|df=y}}<br />
| time = 16:30 IST<br />
| team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}<br />
| score = 0–3 <br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|icon|UZB}} [[FC Sevinch (women)|Nasaf]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Diyorakhon Khabibullaeva|Khabibullaeva]] {{goal|18||90+8}}<br />
*[[Zarina Norboeva|Norboeva]] {{goal|52}}<br />
| location={{nowrap|[[Wuhan]]}}, China <br />
| stadium=[[Hankou Cultural Sports Centre]]<br />
| attendance = 354<br />
| referee = [[Yoshimi Yamashita]] ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])<br />
| report = https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/afc-womens-champions-league/20252026/2604490<br />
| result= L<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===SAFF Club Women's Championship===<br />
{{main|2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship}}<br />
<br />
====Group stage====<br />
{{:2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship|Group stage|showteam=EAB |show_matches=yes|teamwidth=200}}<br />
=====Matches=====<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship#Standings|SAFF Women's Championship GS]] <br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|12|8|df=y}}<br />
| time = {{UTZ|14:00|5:45}}<br>(13:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]])<br />
| team1 = [[Transport United FC|Transport United]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|BHU}}<br />
| score = 0–4 <br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|36||72}}<br />
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|60}}<br />
*[[Resty Nanziri|Nanziri]] {{goal|63}}<br />
| stadium = [[Dasharath Rangasala]]<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Kathmandu]]}}, Nepal<br />
| attendance = 125<br />
| referee = Zin Mar Oo ([[Myanmar Football Federation|Myanmar]])<br />
| report = https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/east-bengal-fc-transport-united-fc/XLIdskEae#id:15185778<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship#Standings|SAFF Women's Championship GS]] <br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|12|11|df=y}}<br />
| time = {{UTZ|14:00|5:45}}<br>(13:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]])<br />
| team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}<br />
| score = 2–0<br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|PAK}} [[Karachi City WFC|Karachi City]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|5}}<br />
*[[Resty Nanziri|Nanziri]] {{goal|49}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Dasharath Rangasala]]<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Kathmandu]]}}, Nepal<br />
| attendance = 305<br />
| referee = Anjana Rai ([[All Nepal Football Association|Nepal]])<br />
| report = https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/karachi-city-fc-east-bengal-fc/kEaesoImj#id:15185783<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship#Standings|SAFF Women's Championship GS]] <br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|12|14|df=y}}<br />
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:45}}<br>(17:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]])<br />
| team1 = [[Nasrin Sporting Academy|Nasrin]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|BAN}}<br />
| score = 0–7<br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|7||26||45||74||90}}<br />
*[[Jyoti Chouhan|Chouhan]] {{goal|45+1}}<br />
*[[Sulanjana Raul|Raul]] {{goal|73}}<br />
| stadium = [[Dasharath Rangasala]]<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Kathmandu]]}}, Nepal<br />
| attendance = 299<br />
| referee = Keomany Phengmeuagkhoun ([[Lao Football Federation|Laos]])<br />
| report = https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/east-bengal-fc-nasrin-sports-academy/ddMcskEae#id:15185785<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship#Standings|SAFF Women's Championship GS]] <br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|12|17|df=y}}<br />
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|5:45}}<br>(17:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]])<br />
| team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}<br />
| score = 0–0 <br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|NEP}} [[APF WFC|APF]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Dasharath Rangasala]]<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Kathmandu]]}}, Nepal<br />
| attendance = 8,323<br />
| referee = Yapa A. Pabasara Minisarani ([[Football Federation of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])<br />
| report = https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/east-bengal-fc-nepal-armed-police-force/ZDZcskEae#id:15185786<br />
| result = D<br />
}}<br />
{{#invoke:Football box collapsible|main<br />
| round = [[2025 SAFF Women's Club Championship#Standings|SAFF Women's Championship GS]] <br />
| date = {{Start date|2025|12|20|df=y}}<br />
| time = {{UTZ|17:00|5:45}}<br>(16:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) <br />
| team1 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|IND}}<br />
| score = 3–0 <br />
| team2 = {{#invoke:flag|fbaicon|NEP}} [[APF WFC|APF]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
*[[Fazila Ikwaput|Ikwaput]] {{goal|46||22}}<br />
*[[Shilky Devi Hemam|Hemam]] {{goal|35}}<br />
| goals2 = <br />
| stadium = [[Dasharath Rangasala]]<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Kathmandu]]}}, Nepal<br />
| attendance = 8,253<br />
| referee = Keomany Phengmeuagkhoun ([[Lao Football Federation|Laos]])<br />
| report = https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/east-bengal-fc-nepal-armed-police-force/ZDZcskEae#id:15222351<br />
| result = W<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Men's club football ==<br />
<br />
=== Indian Super League ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 Indian Super League}}<br />
The Indian Super League started on 14 February and ended on 0 May/June 2026.<ref>{{cite web|title=BREAKING: ISL 2025-26 season formally on hold; FSDL informs clubs & AIFF|date=11 July 2025|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-officially-on-hold-202507|website=Khel Now|access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=With ISL on hold, AIFF enters new depths of incompetence|date=12 July 2025|url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/45718142/with-indian-super-league-isl-2025-26-hold-aiff-enters-new-depths-incompetence-football|website=[[ESPN]]|access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news9live.com/sports/football/isl-likely-to-begin-in-october-mra-negotiations-hinge-on-aiff-elections-2884498|title=ISL likely to begin in October; MRA negotiations hinge on AIFF elections|website=newsn9ne|date=26 August 2025|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-02 |title=Supreme Court paves way for ISL 2025/26 to start in December, no mention of fresh AIFF election |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/isl-2025-26-december-aiff-supreme-court-order-election-10226593/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-07 |title=ISL fails to attract single bid; AIFF to ‘deliberate on future course of action’ |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-no-bidder-aiff-official-statement-road-ahead-latest-news-updates/article70253845.ece|access-date=2025-11-08 |website=[[Sportstar]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-07 |title=Impasse over, ISL to begin on 14 February with the participation of all 14 clubs |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/impasse-over-isl-to-begin-from-feb-14-with-participation-of-all-clubs-3853287|access-date=2026-01-06 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-12 |title=All clubs confirm participation for ISL 2025-26|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-clubs-confirm-participation-isl-202601|access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Khel Now|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-15 |title=AFC grants one-season exemption to India; ISL champions set to participate in ACL 2 qualifiers|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-isl-afc-grants-one-season-exemption-202601|access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Khel Now|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/fancode-awarded-isl-broadcast-rights-kps-studios-bag-production-rights/articleshow/127862323.cms|title=FanCode awarded ISL broadcast rights; KPS Studios bag production rights|date=2 February 2026|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/where-to-watch-isl-2025-26-sony-sports-network-broadcast-rights-deal-indian-super-league-fancode-news/article70629887.ece|title=ISL 2025-26: Sony Sports to show Indian Super League on TV after FanCode sublicenses broadcasting rights|date=14 February 2026|via=Sportstar - The Hindu}}</ref><br />
{{2025–26 Indian Super League points table}}<br />
<br />
=== Indian Football League ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 Indian Football League}}<br />
The Indian Football League started on 27 February and ended on 0 May 2026.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 December 2025|title=Indian football crisis deepens as I-League finds no takers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/goa/indian-football-crisis-deepens-as-i-league-too-finds-no-takers/articleshow/125988808.cms |access-date=19 December 2025|work=The Times of India |language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 December 2025|title=No kickoff in sight as Indian football battles an uncertain future: 'It is not about ISL. There is no I-League' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/football-news/indian-football-isl-aiff-13960645.html |access-date=19 December 2025|work=Firstpost |language=en-UK}}</ref><br />
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-league-to-begin-on-february-27#:~:text=Indian%20Football%20League%20to%20begin,Indian%20Super%20League%202026%2D27. |title=Indian Football League to begin on February 27 |date=15 February 2026 |publisher=All India Football Federation|access-date=17 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Sayan |last=Mukherjee |url=https://www.news9live.com/sports/football/rajasthan-united-scout-new-home-as-aiff-mandates-ifl-matches-under-lights-2953983 |title=Rajasthan United scout new home as AIFF mandates IFL matches under lights |work=News9live |date=8 April 2026}}</ref><br />
;First stage<br />
This phase starts from 27 February and ends on 19 April 2026.<br />
{{:2025–26 Indian Football League |transcludesection=League table}}<br />
;Promotion Round<br />
This phase starts from 24 April and ends on 0 May 2026.<br />
{{:2025–26 Indian Football League |transcludesection=Promotion Round}}<br />
;Relegation Round<br />
This phase starts from 29 April and ends on 0 May 2026.<br />
{{:2025–26 Indian Football League |transcludesection=Relegation Round}}<br />
<br />
=== I-League 2 ===<br />
{{Main|2026 Indian Football League 2}}<br />
The Indian Football League 2 started on 27 March and ended on 15 May 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-i-league-2-2025-26-to-begin-on-march-27-202603|title=I-League 2 2025-26 to begin on March 27, schedule officially announced|work=Khel Now|date=17 March 2026|access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref><ref>https://indianfootballleague.in/i-league-2-2025-26-to-begin-on-march-27/</ref><ref>https://www.the-aiff.com/calendar?event=6&month=0&year=2026</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diamond Harbour win I-League 2 title, Chanmari FC promoted to I-League 2025–26 |url=https://i-league.org/diamond-harbour-win-i-league-2-title-chanmari-fc-promoted-to-i-league-2025-26/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |date=19 April 2025 |work=i-league.org |publisher=All India Football Federation |language=en-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250420152012/https://i-league.org/diamond-harbour-win-i-league-2-title-chanmari-fc-promoted-to-i-league-2025-26/ |archive-date=20 April 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-i-league-2-2025-26-to-begin-on-march-27-202603|title=I-League 2 2025-26 to begin on March 27, schedule officially announced|work=Khel Now|date=17 March 2026|access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref><br />
{{:2026 Indian Football League 2|transcludesection=League table}}<br />
<br />
=== I-League 3 ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 I-League 3}}<br />
The I-League 3 started on 27 April and ended on 0 TBD 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I-League 3 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/i-league-3 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=I-League 3 2025-26 to begin on April 27 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/i-league-3-2025-26-to-begin-on-april-27 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><br />
;Group stage<br />
This phase starts from 27 April and ends on 7 May 2026.<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 I-League 3|transcludesection=Group A|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 I-League 3#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 I-League 3|transcludesection=Group B|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 I-League 3#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 I-League 3|transcludesection=Group C|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 I-League 3#Group C|Group C]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 I-League 3|transcludesection=Group D|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 I-League 3#Group D|Group D]]}}<br />
|}<br />
'''Final round''' <br />
{{:2025–26 I-League 3|transcludesection=Final round|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 I-League 3#Final round|Super Six]]}}<br />
<br />
=== State football leagues ===<br />
{{main|2025–26 Indian State Leagues}}<br />
<br />
{{:2025–26 Indian State Leagues|transcludesection=Overview}}<br />
<br />
==Cup competitions (men's)==<br />
=== Durand Cup ===<br />
{{Main|2025 Durand Cup}}<br />
<br />
The Durand Cup started on 23 July and ended on 23 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=Football: 2025 Durand Cup to be held in July-August|url=https://thebridge.in/football/2025-durand-cup-july-august-53250 |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=The Bridge |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=Assam: Durand Cup 2025 to return to Kokrajhar; BTR gears up for another grand football celebration |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-durand-cup-2025-to-return-to-kokrajhar-btr-gears-up-for-another-grand-football-celebration-1215124-2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref> NorthEast United won the title for the second year in a row.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/northeast-united-fc-vs-diamond-harbour-live-score-updates-durand-cup-2025-final-neufc-v-dhfc-goals-highlights/article69966129.ece|title=NEUFC 6-1 DHFC HIGHLIGHTS: NorthEast United thrashes Diamond Harbour to retain Durand Cup title|date=23 August 2025|website=Sportstar}}</ref><br />
;Group stage<br />
{{Main|2025 Durand Cup group stage}}<br />
<br />
This phase starts from 23 July and ends on 12 August 2025.<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group A|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group B|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group C|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group C|Group C]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group D|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group D|Group D]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group E|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group E|Group E]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group F|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group F|Group F]]}}<br />
|}<br />
;Ranking of second-placed teams<br />
{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=2nd placed teams|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n}}<br />
;Bracket<br />
This phase starts from 16 August and the competition concluded with the final match on 23 August 2025. <br />
{{#lst:2025 Durand Cup knockout stage|Bracket}}<br />
;Final<br />
{{#lst:2025 Durand Cup|Final}}<br />
=== IFA Shield ===<br />
{{Main|2025 IFA Shield}}<br />
The Durand Cup started on 8 October and ended on 18 October 2025.<ref name=ABP>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/football/ifa-announces-fixture-of-ifa-shield-when-will-east-bengal-and-mohun-bagan-play-their-first-match-dgtl/cid/1637662|title=ঘোষিত হল আইএফএ শিল্ডের সূচি, কবে কবে খেলা রয়েছে ইস্টবেঙ্গল ও মোহনবাগানের, ফাইনাল কবে?|lang=bn|access-date=2025-10-04|work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Paro FC]] |title=𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐝 We are proud to announce our official confirmation to participate in the prestigious 𝑰𝑭𝑨 𝑺𝒉𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅, taking place from 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉 12 𝒕𝒐 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉 25, 2025. |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/19vu6VmCYX/ |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|first= |title=Kanchenjunga Stadium uncertain for the IFA Shield; Bhutan's Paro FC confirms participation |url=https://parallelsports.in/news/kanchenjunga-stadium-uncertain-for-the-ifa-shield-bhutans-paro-fc-confirms-participation |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Parallel Sports Solutions Pvt. Ltd. |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=আইএফএ শিল্ডে অংশ নিচ্ছে ভুটান লিগ চ্যাম্পিয়ন, অনিশ্চিত বাংলাদেশী ক্লাব |url=https://kolkata24x7.in/sports-news/ifa-shield-participation-paro-fc-uncertain-dhaka-mohammedan/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |language=Bengali}}</ref><ref name=SP>{{cite web|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/how-many-foreigners-will-play-in-ifa-shield/|title=আইএফএ শিল্ডে খেলবে কেরলের দলও, কটা বিদেশি খেলাতে পারবে টিমগুলো?|work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]|lang=bn|access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref> Mohun Bagan won the title for the 21st time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://x.com/mohunbagansg/status/1971936912786247862 |title=Mohun Bagan Super Giant have confirmed participation in the upcoming edition of the IFA Shield |website = Twitter|language=en|access-date=2025-09-27}}</ref><br />
;Group stage<br />
This phase started from 18 October and ended on 15 October 2025.<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 IFA Shield#Group stage|transcludesection=Group A|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 IFA Shield#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025 IFA Shield#Group stage|transcludesection=Group B|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 IFA Shield#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
|}<br />
;Final<br />
{{#invoke:football box|main<br />
| date = 18 October 2025<br />
| time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| team1 = [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]<br />
| score = 1–1<br />
| aet = yes<br />
| penaltyscore = 5–4<br />
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/57337 AIFF]<br>[https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=57337 I-League]<br> [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/57337_Match_Summary_V1_1760811705.pdf PDF Report]<br />
| team2 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]<br />
| goals1 = *[[Jason Cummings|Cummings]] {{penmiss}} {{small|34'}}<br />
*[[Lalengmawia Ralte|Apuia]] {{goal|45+3}}<br />
| penalties1 = *{{pengoal}} [[Robinho (footballer, born July 1995)|Robson]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|Manvir]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Liston Colaco|Liston]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Dimitri Petratos|Petratos]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Mehtab Singh (footballer)|Mehtab]]<br />
| goals2 = *[[Hamid Ahadad|Hamid]] {{goal|36}}<br />
| penalties2 = *{{pengoal}} [[Miguel Figueira|Miguel]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Kevin Sibille|Sibille]] <br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Mahesh Singh Naorem|Mahesh]]<br />
*{{penmiss}} [[Jay Gupta|Jay]]<br />
*{{pengoal}} [[Hiroshi Ibusuki|Ibusuki]]<br />
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]<br />
| location = [[Kolkata]]<br />
| attendance = 50,236<br />
| referee = Venkatesh Ramachadran<br>Man of the Match: [[Mahesh Singh Naorem|Naorem Mahesh]] (East Bengal)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Super Cup===<br />
{{main|2025–26 AIFF Super Cup}}<br />
The Super Cup started on 25 October and ended on 7 December 2025.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2025-09-13 |title=Goa to host Super Cup, AFC spot on offer for winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-to-host-super-cup-afc-spot-on-offer-for-winner/articleshow/123858353.cms |access-date=2025-09-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Goa to host Super Cup, 12 ISL teams confirm participation with schedule decided |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-super-cup-schedule-202509 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":SC">{{Cite web |last=Giri |first=Rahul |date=2025-09-12 |title=AIFF Shortlists Goa as Centralised Venue for Super Cup |url=https://revsportz.in/aiff-shortlists-goa-as-centralised-venue-for-super-cup/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Revsportz {{!}} Sports News Portal {{!}} Latest Sports Articles |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Goa ride Borja's brace to win second Kalinga Super Cup title|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/fc-goa-ride-borjas-brace-to-win-second-kalinga-super-cup-title|access-date=3 May 2025 |website=www.the-aiff.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Super Cup 2025 final HIGHLIGHTS: FC Goa beats East Bengal FC in final to lift title and qualify for AFC Champions League 2 prelims |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/fc-goa-vs-jamshedpur-live-score-super-cup-final-2025-updates-fcg-v-jfc-highlights-streaming-info/article69534203.ece |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=Sportstar |date=3 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jacob |first1=Joan Mathew |title=Super Cup 2025 final, Goa gives Marquez a perfect parting gift|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/super-cup-2025-final-goa-gives-marquez-a-perfect-parting-gift/article69535599.ece/|access-date=3 May 2025 |website=The Hindu |date=3 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalinga Super Cup Final: FCG 3-0 JFC; Gaurs Cruise To Title, Seal Asian Spot|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/football/fc-goa-vs-jamshedpur-fc-live-score-kalinga-super-cup-2025-final-fcg-vs-jfc-updates|access-date=3 May 2025 |website=Outlook India |date=3 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-super-cup-2025-26-to-begin-on-october-25 |title=AIFF Super Cup 2025-26 to begin on October 25 |publisher=AIFF |date=25 September 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/aiff-super-cup-2025-26-draw-teams-find-out-group-stageopponents |title=AIFF Super Cup 2025-26 draw: Teams find out group-stage opponents |publisher=Indian Super League |date=25 September 2025 }}</ref> FC Goa won the title for the 3rd time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-super-cup-2025-26-fc-goa-three-time-champions |title=AIFF Super Cup 2025-26: FC Goa three-time champions |publisher=AIFF |date=7 December 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsdunia.com/football-ratings/east-bengal-player-ratings-vs-fc-goa-aiff-super-league-7th-december-2025 |title=Red and Gold Brigade Lose Title On Penalties as Goa Win AIFF Super Cup |publisher= Sports Dunia |date=7 December 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/super-cup-final-goa-shoots-out-east-bengal-defends-title/article70369887.ece/ |title=Goa shoots out East Bengal, defends title |publisher= The Hindu |date=7 December 2025 }}</ref><br />
;Group stage <br />
This phase started from 25 October and ended on 6 November 2025.<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group tables|Group A|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group stage#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group tables|Group B|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group stage#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=width:30% |{{2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group tables|Group C|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group stage#Group C|Group C]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group tables|Group D|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 AIFF Super Cup group stage#Group D|Group D]]}}<br />
|}<br />
;Knockout stage <br />
This phase starts from 4 December and the competition concluded with the final match on 7 December 2025.<br />
{{#lst:2025–26 AIFF Super Cup|Bracket}}<br />
;Final<br />
{{main|2025–26 AIFF Super Cup final}}<br />
{{#lst:2025–26 AIFF Super Cup final|Final}}<br />
<br />
== Men's club futsal ==<br />
=== Futsal Club Championship ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 Futsal Club Championship}}<br />
<br />
== Women's club football ==<br />
<br />
=== Indian Women's League ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 Indian Women's League}}<br />
{{:2025–26 Indian Women's League#Positions_by_round}}<br />
<br />
=== Indian Women's League 2 ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 Indian Women's League 2}}<br />
;Final round<br />
{{:2025–26 Indian Women's League 2}}<br />
<br />
== Youth football ==<br />
<br />
=== Elite League ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 AIFF Elite Youth League}}<br />
<br />
=== Development League ===<br />
{{Main|2026 Reliance Foundation Development League}}<br />
<br />
== Nationals ==<br />
<br />
=== Santosh Trophy ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 Santosh Trophy}}<br />
<br />
The [[Santosh Trophy]] started on 15 December 2025 and ended on 8 February 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Assam to host Santosh Trophy 2025-26 Final Round in January |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/assam-to-host-santosh-trophy-2025-26-final-round-in-january |access-date=2025-11-27 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref name=":fixtures">{{Cite web |title=79th National Football Championship for Santosh Trophy: Fixtures |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/calendar?event=14&month=0&year=2025 |access-date=2025-11-27 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref name=":fixtures_assam">{{Cite web |title=79th National Football Championship for Santosh Trophy: Draw out for 12-team Final Round |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/draw-out-for-12-team-santosh-trophy-2025-26-final-round |access-date=2025-11-27 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><br />
;First round<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group stage{{!}}2025–26 Santosh Trophy First round}}<br />
This phase starts from 15 December 2025 and ends on 26 December 2025.<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group A|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group B|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group C|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group C|Group C]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group D|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group D|Group D]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group E|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group E|Group E]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group F|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group F|Group F]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group G|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group G|Group G]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group H|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group H|Group H]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group I|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group I|Group I]]}}<br />
|}<br />
;Final round<br />
This phase starts from 21 January 2025 and ends on 1 February 2026.<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Final round{{!}}2025–26 Santosh Trophy Final round}}<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group A2|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Santosh Trophy|transcludesection=Group B2|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
|}<br />
;Bracket<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 Santosh Trophy#Knockout stage{{!}}2025–26 Santosh Trophy Knockout stage}}<br />
{{Round8<br />
|style=white-space:nowrap<br />
<!-- Quarterfinals --><br />
|3 February – [[Dhakuakhana]] |[[West Bengal football team|West Bengal]]|0 (2) |'''[[Services football team|Services]]''' {{pso}}|'''0 (3)'''<br />
|3 February – [[Dhakuakhana]] |'''[[Railways football team|Railways]]'''|'''2'''|[[Rajasthan football team|Rajasthan]]|0<br />
|3 February – [[Dhemaji]] |'''[[Kerala football team|Kerala]]'''|'''3'''|[[Assam football team|Assam]]|0<br />
|3 February – [[Dhemaji]] |[[Tamil Nadu football team|Tamil Nadu]]|1 (1) |'''[[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]''' {{pso}}|'''1 (4)'''<br />
<!-- Semifinals --><br />
|5 February – [[Dhemaji]] |'''[[Services football team|Services]]'''|'''2'''|[[Railways football team|Railways]]|0<br />
|5 February – [[Dhakuakhana]] |'''[[Kerala football team|Kerala]] '''|'''4'''|[[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]|0<br />
<!-- Final --><br />
|8 February – [[Dhakuakhana]] |'''[[Services football team|Services]]''' {{aet}}|'''1'''|[[Kerala football team|Kerala]]|0|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
This phase starts from 3 February and the competition concluded with the final match on 8 February 2025. <br />
;Final<br />
{{#invoke:football box|main<br />
| date = 8 February 2026<br />
| time = 13:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| team1 = [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]<br />
| score = 0–1<br />
| aet = yes<br />
| team2 = [[Services football team|Services]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
*Abhishek Pawar {{goal|109}}<br />
| stadium = Dhakuakhana Football Stadium<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Dhakuakhana]]}}, [[Assam]]<br />
| attendance = 4,500<br />
| referee = Jehrul Islam<br>Man of the Match: Abhishek Pawar (Services)<br />
| report = https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/63209<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Rajmata Jijabai Trophy ===<br />
{{Main|2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy}}<br />
<br />
The [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]] started on 4 September 2025 and ended on 15 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-04 |url=https://twitter.com/IndianFootball/status/1963547734289309850|title=Here are the fixtures for the 30th Senior Women’s National Football Championship. 31 teams will take part in the Group Stage that will be played from September 4 to 16 across seven venues. |access-date=2025-09-04 |work=X (@IndianFootball)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 September 2025 |title=Senior Women’s National Football Championship 2025-26: Squad List of Teams in First Round |url=https://www.chaseyoursport.com/indian-football/senior-womens-national-football-championship-2025-26-squad-list-first-round/10812 |accessdate=8 September 2025 |agency=Chase Your Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-04 |title=The 8️⃣ group winners will join last season’s finalists Manipur and Odisha in the Final Round, scheduled for October 1-15 in Narainpur, Chhattisgarh 📍|url=https://twitter.com/IndianFootball/status/1963547764865831406 |access-date=2025-09-04 |work=X (@IndianFootball)}}</ref><br />
;First round<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#First round{{!}}2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy First round}}<br />
This phase starts from 4 September 2025 and ends on 16 September 2025.<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group A|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group B|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group C|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group C|Group C]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group D|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group D|Group D]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group E|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group E|Group E]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group F|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group F|Group F]]}}<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group G|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group G|Group G]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group H|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group H|Group H]]}}<br />
|}<br />
;Final round<br />
This phase starts from 1 October 2025 and ends on 10 October 2025.<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Final round{{!}}2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy Final round}}<br />
{|<br />
|- style=vertical-align:bottom <br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group A2|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group A|Group A]]}}<br />
| style=width:30% |{{:2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|transcludesection=Group B2|only_pld_pts=y|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Group B|Group B]]}}<br />
|}<br />
;Bracket<br />
{{Further information|2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Knockout stage{{!}}2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy Knockout stage}}<br />
This phase starts from 13 October and the competition concluded with the final match on 15 October 2025. <br />
{{#invoke:bracket|4TeamBracket<br />
| widescore=yes |bold_winner=high<br />
| seeds = no<br />
| RD1 = [[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]<br />
| RD2 = [[2025–26 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy#Final|Final]]<br />
<br />
| RD1-team1 = [[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]<br />
| RD1-score1 = 2<br />
| RD1-team2 = [[Uttar Pradesh women's football team|Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| RD1-score2 = 1<br />
<br />
| RD1-team3 = [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]<br />
| RD1-score3 = 4<br />
| RD1-team4 = [[Tamil Nadu women's football team|Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| RD1-score4 = 0<br />
<br />
| RD2-team1 = [[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]<br />
| RD2-score1 = 0<br />
| RD2-team2 = [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]<br />
| RD2-score2 = 1<br />
}}<br />
;Final<br />
{{#invoke:football box|main<br />
| date = 15 October 2025<br />
| time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| team1 = [[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]<br />
| score = 0–1<br />
| team2 = [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]<br />
| goals1 = <br />
| goals2 = *[[Lynda Kom|Lynda]] {{goal|90+3}}<br />
| stadium = [[Ramakrishna Mission Sports Complex]]<br />
| location = {{nowrap|[[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]]}}, [[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
| attendance = 1,000<br />
| referee = Pooja S<br>Man of the Match: Adrija Sarkhel (West Bengal)<br />
| report = https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/57192<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Football in India]]<br />
* [[2025 in Indian sports]]<br />
* [[2026 in Indian sports]]<br />
* [[2025–26 in Bangladeshi football]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
{{notelist-ua}}<br />
{{reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Seasons in Indian football}}<br />
{{2025–26 in Indian football}}<br />
{{2025–26 in Asian football (AFC)}}<br />
{{2025 in association football}}<br />
{{Portal bar|India|Association football}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:2025-26 in Indian football}}<br />
[[Category:2025–26 in Indian football| ]]<br />
[[Category:2025 in Indian sport|Football]]<br />
[[Category:2026 in Indian sport|Football]]<br />
[[Category:2025–26 in Asian football by country|India]]<br />
[[Category:Seasons in Indian football]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uma_Nair&diff=542481Uma Nair2026-05-08T06:52:38Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian television actress}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Uma Nair<br />
| image = <br />
| imagesize = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Uma Nair In 2022<br />
| native_name = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|04|17|df=yes}}<br />
| other_names = Umadevi Nair{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = [[Actress]] [[ATMA Executive member]] [[censor board member]] [[entrepreneur]]<br />
[[CEEM executive member]]<br />
| parents = <br />
| children = 2<br />
| years_active = <br />
| height = <br />
| spouse = Late-Mr.Shaji G<br />
| notable_works = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Uma Nair''' (born 17 April 1983) is an Indian film and television actress who works predominantly in [[Malayalam]]-language soap operas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vanambadi-actress-uma-nair-reveals-truth-behind-her-exit-show-487641|title=Vanambadi actress Uma Nair REVEALS the truth behind her exit from the show |work=Pinkvilla|access-date=22 January 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123171350/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vanambadi-actress-uma-nair-reveals-truth-behind-her-exit-show-487641 |archivedate=23 November 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She has appeared over 78 serials and 36 Movies.<ref name="Nirmala"/> She is best known for playing the supporting role of Nirmala in ''[[Vanambadi (TV series)|Vanambadi]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/i-can-feel-my-daughter-when-i-hug-anumol-says-vanambadi-actress-uma-nair/articleshow/68074191.cms|title="I can feel my daughter when I hug Anumol," says Vanambadi actress Uma Nair|first=Radhika|last=Nair|work=The Times of India|date=March 2019 |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/exclusive-vanambadi-actress-uma-nair-reacts-to-rumours-of-quitting-the-show-says-it-was-a-brief-gap/articleshow/72181006.cms|title=Exclusive - Vanambadi actress Uma Nair reacts to rumours of quitting the show; says it was a 'brief gap'|work=The Times of India|date=22 November 2019 |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pookkalam-varavayi-uma-nair-joins-the-team-as-jyothirmayi/articleshow/72864574.cms|title=Pookkalam Varavayi : Uma Nair joins the team as Jyothirmayi|work=The Times of India|date=19 December 2019 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
* ''All films are in [[Malayalam]] unless noted otherwise.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| ''Thengunna Manassukal''<br />
|<br />
| Acting debut; short film<br />
| <ref name="Mathrubhumi"/><br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| ''Ninaithale Sugam Thanedi''<br />
| <br />
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film; lead role<br />
| <ref name="Manorama">{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/style-factor/2019/01/21/serial-actress-uma-nair-interview.html|title=സ്നേഹിച്ചവരും വിശ്വസിച്ചവരും തന്നത് വേദനകൾ മാത്രം: ഉമാ നായർ|work=Manorama Online|language=ml}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''Hariharan Pillai Happy Aanu ''<br />
| Kavya's friend<br />
| <br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''December''<br />
| Sony Issac<br />
| Credited as Mithila Nair<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''Thilothama''<br />
| Mrs. Jomon<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Mathrubhumi"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[James & Alice]]''<br />
| Soosan<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Nirmala">{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/television/onam-2020-vanambadi-serial-nirmala-actress-uma-nair-interview-411819/|title=നാലു വർഷത്തിനിടെ എന്റെ പേരിനേക്കാളും ആളുകൾ എന്നെ വിളിച്ചത് നിർമ്മലയെന്നാണ്; 'വാനമ്പാടി' താരം ഉമാ നായര് അഭിമുഖം|work=Indian Express|language=ml}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|2017<br />
| ''[[Chembarathipoo]]''<br />
| Vinod's mother<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Nirmala"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aakashamittayee]]''<br />
| Mathematics Teacher<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Nirmala"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Lakshyam (2017 film)|Lakshyam]]''<br />
| Shalini's aunt<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Aaliya''<br />
| Aaliya's mother<br />
| Short film<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2018<br />
| ''Kinar''<br />
| Suma<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="m3db">{{cite web|url=https://m3db.com/uma-nair|title=ഉമ നായർ |language=ml|work=m3db}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Marubhoomiyile Mazhathullikal''<br />
| Gouri<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="m3db"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''Premanjali''<br />
| Mathri<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="m3db"/><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|2019<br />
| ''[[Kodathi Samaksham Balan Vakeel]]''<br />
| Public prosecutor<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Nirmala"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Edakkad Battalion 06]]''<br />
| Zeenath<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Nirmala"/><br />
|-<br />
| ''Oronnonnara PranayaKadha''<br />
| Savithri<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Manorama"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
|''[[Ullasam (2022 film)|Ullasam]]''<br />
| Nima's mother<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2024<br />
|''[[Iyer in Arabia]]''<br />
| Suma<br />
|<br />
|<ref>https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/iyer-in-arabia-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-mukesh-urvasi-malayalam-film-online-658659.html</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''[[Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam]]''<br />
|Asha<br />
|<br />
|<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/oru-anweshanathinte-thudakkam/</ref><br />
|-<br />
| {{TBA}}<br />
|''Daily Hero''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Notes !!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| ''Sooryante Maranam''<br />
|<br />
| [[DD Malayalam]]<br />
| Debut serial; child artist<br />
| <ref name="Mathrubhumi"/><br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
| ''Mounam''<br />
| Priya<br />
|<br />
| <br />
| <ref name="Manorama"/><br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| ''Makal''<br />
|Aparna<br />
|Surya TV <br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Manorama"/><br />
|-<br />
|2005-2006<br />
| ''Priyam''<br />
|<br />
| [[Kairali TV]]<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Manorama"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''Kanalppoovu''<br />
|<br />
| [[Jeevan TV]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014-2015<br />
| ''[[Balaganapathy]]''<br />
|<br />
| Asianet<br />
|<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Parasparam (TV series)|Parasparam]]''<br />
|<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" | 2015<br />
| ''Kalyana Sougandhikam''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| ''Vishwaroopam''<br />
|<br />
| [[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Manassariyathe''<br />
|<br />
| [[Surya TV]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Ganga''<br />
|Soudamini<br />
| rowspan="2" | DD Malayalam<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Thoovalsparsham''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Kana Kanmani (2016 TV series)|Kana Kanmani]]''<br />
| Devayani<br />
| Asianet<br />
|<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2016-2017<br />
| ''[[Krishnathulasi]]''<br />
| Bhama<br />
| [[Mazhavil Manorama]]<br />
|<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2016-2018<br />
| ''[[Rathri Mazha (TV series)|Rathri Mazha]]''<br />
| Jayanthi Vishwanathan<br />
| Flowers TV<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/women/miniscreen/serial-artist-umavanambadi-1.2501651|title=അവര് പറഞ്ഞ ഒരു വാക്ക് എന്നെ വല്ലാതെ വിഷമിപ്പിച്ചു; വാനമ്പാടി സീരിയല് ഫെയിം ഉമ സംസാരിക്കുന്നു|author=Ramya|language=ml|work=Mathrubhumi|access-date=22 January 2022|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122143036/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/women/miniscreen/serial-artist-umavanambadi-1.2501651|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''Mounam Sammatham''<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2017-2020<br />
| ''[[Vanambadi (TV series)|Vanambadi]]''<br />
| Nirmala<br />
| Asianet<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vanambadi-actress-uma-nair-i-was-under-severe-mental-and-financial-pressure-during-lockdown/articleshow/76531463.cms|title=Vanambadi actress Uma Nair: I was under severe mental and financial pressure during lockdown|first=Radhika|last=Nair|work=The Times of India|date=23 June 2020 |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017-2018<br />
| ''[[Mamangam (TV series)|Mamangam]]''<br />
| <br />
| Flowers TV<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Rakkuyil"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2018-2019<br />
| ''[[Bhramanam]]''<br />
| Bindhuja Nair<br />
| Mazhavil Manorama<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Rakkuyil"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2019-2021<br />
| ''[[Pookkalam Varavayi (TV series)|Pookkalam Varavayi]]''<br />
| Jyothirmayi<br />
| [[Zee Keralam]]<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-gossips/vanambadi-actress-uma-nair-breaks-the-silence-exclusive-statement-is-about-the-rumours-about-her/articleshow/72181611.cms|title=വാനമ്പാടിയിൽ നിന്നും മറ്റൊരു പരമ്പരയിലേക്ക്: പ്രേക്ഷകർ ഏറെ കാത്തിരുന്ന ആ ചോദ്യം; ഉമയ്ക്ക് വ്യക്തമായ മറുപടിയുണ്ട്!|work=Samayam Malayalam|publisher=The Times of India|language=malayalam}}</ref> <br/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pookkalam-varavayi-actress-uma-nair-my-12-year-old-son-inspired-me-to-play-jyothi/articleshow/76628438.cms|title=Pookkalam Varavayi actress Uma Nair: My 12-year-old son inspired me to play 'Jyothi'|first=Radhika|last=Nair|work=The Times of India|date=25 June 2020 |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2020-2021<br />
| ''[[Indulekha (TV series)|Indulekha]]''<br />
| Kalappurakkal Gowri Lakshmi<br />
| [[Surya TV]]<br />
| <br />
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/actress-uma-nair-shares-new-picture-from-the-set-of-indulekha-serial/articleshow/78623542.cms|title='അനുജൻമാർക്കൊപ്പം കളപ്പുരക്കൽ ചേച്ചിയമ്മ'; കുറഞ്ഞ സമയത്തിനുള്ളിൽ ഒരുപാട് സ്നേഹം നൽകിയവർക്ക് നന്ദി പറഞ്ഞ് ഉമാ നായർ|work=Samayam Malayalam|date=12 October 2020 |publisher=The Times of India|language=malayalam}}</ref> <br/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vanambadis-uma-nair-and-balu-announce-their-new-project-together-deets-inside/articleshow/78033485.cms|title=Vanambadi's Uma Nair and Balu announce their new project together; Deets inside|work=The Times of India|date=10 September 2020 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rakkuyil (TV series)|Rakkuyil]]''<br />
| Sairandri<br />
| Mazhavil Manorama<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Rakkuyil">{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/new-mega-serial-rakkuyil-uma-nair-as-heroine/articleshow/79170403.cms|title='രാക്കുയിലി'ൽ അതേ ജോടികൾ വീണ്ടും ഒന്നിച്ചു; പുതിയ പരമ്പരയുടെ വിശേഷം!|work=Samayam Malayalam|publisher=The Times of India|language=ml}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''[[Swantham Sujatha]]''<br />
| Appu's Mother <br />
| [[Surya TV]]<br />
| Special Appearance In Mega Episode <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''[[Aliyans]]''<br />
| Pavithra Unnikrishnan<br />
| [[Kaumudy TV]]<br />
|Guest appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2021–2024<br />
| ''[[Kaliveedu (TV series)|Kaliveedu]]''<br />
| Madhuri<br />
| Surya TV<br />
|<br />
| <ref name="Uma">{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/serials/vanambadi-fame-uma-nair-shares-a-good-news-for-her-fans/articleshow/86804044.cms|title = നല്ലതൊന്നും പറയാൻ ഇല്ലായിരുന്നു; അതാണ് മാറി നിന്നത്; എന്നാൽ നിർമ്മലേടത്തിക്ക് പറയാൻ പുതിയൊരു സന്തോഷമുണ്ട്!|work=Samayam Malayalam|publisher=The Times of India|language=ml|date=6 October 2021|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> <br/><ref>{{cite AV media|people=Uma Nair|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTeTJjjxc4U|title=Uma Nair as Madhuri {{!}} Kaliveedu {{!}} Character Intro {{!}} Nov 15 Onwards {{!}} Mon-Sat @ 9 PM {{!}} Surya TV|publisher=[[Surya TV]]|date=10 November 2021|access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2023-2025<br />
| ''[[Geeta Govindam]]''<br />
| Vilasini<br />
| Asianet<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2024||''Manimuthu''||Lakshmi||Mazhavil Manorama|| ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2025-2026<br />
| ''[[Peythozhiyathe]]''<br />
| Hema<br />
| Surya TV <br />
|Replaced by [[Shalu Menon]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/peythozhiyathe-serial-surya-tv-cast/|title = Peythozhiyathe Serial Surya TV Starts from 30 June, Everyday at 06:30 PM – Meet the Characters and Actors|work=Kerala TV|publisher=Kerala TV|language=en|date=18 June 2025|access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Special appearances====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Notes !!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Onnum Onnum Moonu]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| [[Mazhavil Manorama]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/suchithra-nair-and-uma-nair-to-visit-onnum-onnum-moonnu/articleshow/61964682.cms Suchithra Nair and Uma Nair to visit Onnum Onnum Moonnu]</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| ''Njanannu Sthree''<br />
| Panelist<br />
| [[Amrita TV]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vanambadi-and-seetha-kalyanam-teams-have-a-bash-on-start-music/articleshow/70589607.cms Vanambadi and Seetha Kalyanam teams have a bash on Start Music]</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Start Music Aaradhyam Paadum]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| Asianet<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><br />
|-<br />
<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2022<br />
| ''Red Carpet''<br />
| Mentor<br />
| [[Amrita TV]]<br />
|<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| ''Day with a Star''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Herself<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Kaumudy TV]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Salt n' Pepper''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
*South Indian Cinema and Television Awards 2019<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/a-night-to-honour-the-best/articleshow/71580465.cms A night to honour the best - The Times of India]</ref><br />
*Socialist Samskarika Kendra Mother Theresa Puraskaram 2022 - Best Character Role{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}<br />
*[[Asianet Television Awards]] 2018 - Best Star Pair<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|8345411}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Uma}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:1977 births]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajitha&diff=528678Rajitha2026-05-06T15:45:29Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{For|other people named Rajitha|Rajitha (name)}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Rajitha<br />
| native_name = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_place = [[Kakinada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<br />
| othername = <br />
| birth_name = Mallela Rajitha<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| yearsactive = 1987–present<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| notable_works = ''[[Pelli Kanuka (1998 film)|Pelli Kanuka]]''<br />
| parents = <br />
}}<br />
'''Mallela Rajitha''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. She has been active since the late 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=187918 |title=సినిమా కంటే పుస్తకమే మిన్న-సినీ నటి రజిత |date=24 December 2015 |website=andhrajyothy.com |access-date=7 February 2020 |archive-date=26 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126150237/http://www.andhrajyothy.com/Artical?SID=187918 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.teluguwishesh.com/andhra-telangana-tv-shows/302-cinema-celebrity-interviews/48771-character-artist-rajitha-interview.html |title=Character Artist Rajitha Interview - TV Shows |website=teluguwishesh.com|date=25 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/10-south-actors-who-staying-single-continued-acting-in-films/photostory/86427816.cms |title=10 Telugu actors who preferred staying single and continued acting in films! |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Rajitha made her debut in film industry at the age of 18 with the Telugu movie, ''[[Brahma Rudrulu]]'' in which she portrayed [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]'s daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moviemaxima.com/30-years-industry-actress-rajitha/ |title=30 years industry actress Rajitha |date=9 March 2017 |access-date=18 August 2020 |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128180446/https://moviemaxima.com/30-years-industry-actress-rajitha/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She played the role of a widow in ''[[Pelli Kanuka (1998 film)|Pelli Kanuka]]'' and won the [[Nandi Award for Best Female Comedian]]. The dialogue writer [[Posani Krishna Murali]] stated that her role involved no humour yet the awards committee decided to give Rajitha the award for best comedian.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/17nan.htm |title=Can of worms |date=17 March 1999 |publisher=Rediff |first=Shahbaz |last=Husain |access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
===Telugu===<br />
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}<br />
* ''[[Brahma Rudrulu]]'' (1986)<br />
* ''[[Agni Putrudu]]'' (1987)<br />
* ''[[Thodallullu]]'' (1988)<br />
* ''[[Maharshi (1988 film)|Maharshi]]'' (1988)<br />
* ''[[Vivaha Bhojanambu (1988 film)|Vivaha Bhojanambu]]'' (1988)<br />
* ''[[Sahasame Naa Oopiri]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''[[Mahajananiki Maradalu Pilla]]'' (1990)<br />
* ''[[Chinnari Muddula Papa]]'' (1990)<br />
* ''[[Prema Khaidi]]'' (1990)<br />
* ''[[Atiradhudu]]'' (1991)<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=shared&v=9PdEJm2Dw-A |title=ATHIRADHUDU {{!}} EXCLUSIVE TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} BHANU CHANDER {{!}} J.D.CHAKRAVARTHY {{!}} NIROSHA {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |date=3 August 2024 |last=v9 Videos |access-date=10 September 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref> as Kalyani<br />
* ''[[Amma Rajinama]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Rowdy Gari Pellam]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1991 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''Agni Nakshatram'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Sarpayagam]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Rowdy Gaari Pellam]]'' (1991)<br />
* ''[[Chinarayudu]]'' (1992)<br />
* ''Mogudugaru'' (1993)<br />
* ''[[Rowdy Mogudu]]'' (1993)<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-AuiXIH5AA |title=ROWDY MOGUDU {{!}} EXCLUSIVE TELUGU FULL MOVIE {{!}} MOHAN BABU {{!}} VIJAYASHANTI {{!}} VANISREE {{!}} V9 VIDEOS |date=4 May 2024 |last=v9 Videos |access-date=7 June 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref> as Saraswathi<br />
* ''[[Jailor Gaari Abbayi]]'' (1994)<br />
* ''[[Pelli Sandadi]]'' (1996)<br />
* ''[[Ladies Doctor]]'' (1996)<br />
* ''[[Jabilamma Pelli]]'' (1996)<br />
* ''Super Heros'' (1997)<br />
* ''[[Subhakankshalu]]'' (1997)<br />
* ''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]'' (1997)<br />
* ''Abbai Gari Pelli'' (1997)<br />
* ''Collector Garu'' (1997)<br />
* ''Nayanamma'' (1997)<br />
* ''[[Priyaragalu]]'' (1997)<br />
* ''[[Pelli Chesukundam]]'' (1997)<br />
* ''[[Suryavamsam (1998 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Sivayya (1998 film)|Sivayya]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Pandaga]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''Subbaraju Gari Kutumbam'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Pelli Peetalu]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Ooyala (film)|Ooyala]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Srimathi Vellostha]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Premante Idera]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''Yuvarathna Rana'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Pelli Kanuka (1998 film)|Pelli Kanuka]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''Allari Pellam'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Suprabhatam (1998 film)|Suprabhatam]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Abhishekam (film)|Abhishekam]]'' (1998)<br />
* ''[[Swayamvaram (1999 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' (1999)<br />
* ''[[English Pellam East Godavari Mogudu]]'' (1999)<br />
* ''[[Naa Hrudayamlo Nidurinche Cheli]]'' (1999)<br />
* ''[[Alludugaaru Vachcharu]]'' (1999)<br />
* ''[[Rajakumarudu]]'' (1999)<br />
* ''[[Pilla Nachindi]]'' (1999)<br />
* ''[[Ravoyi Chandamama]]'' (1999)<br />
* ''[[Postman (2000 film)|Postman]]'' (2000)<br />
* ''[[Manasunna Maaraju]]'' (2000)<br />
* ''[[Chirunavvutho]]'' (2000)<br />
* ''Ganapathi'' (2000)<br />
* ''[[Vijayaramaraju]]'' (2000)<br />
* ''[[Uncle (2000 film)|Uncle]]'' (2000)<br />
* ''[[Sardukupodaam Randi]]'' (2000)<br />
* ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Budget Padmanabham]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Preminchu]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Family Circus (2001 film)|Family Circus]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Bava Nachadu]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[6 Teens]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Akasa Veedhilo]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Manasantha Nuvve]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Navvuthu Bathakalira]]'' (2001)<br />
* ''[[Seema Simham]]'' (2002)<br />
* ''[[Malli Malli Choodali]]'' (2002)<br />
* ''[[Allari Ramudu]]'' (2002)<br />
* ''Naga Pratista'' (2002)<br />
* ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]'' (2002)<br />
* ''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]'' (2002)<br />
* ''[[Thotti Gang]]'' (2002)<br />
* ''[[Kabaddi Kabaddi (2003 film)|Kabaddi Kabaddi]]'' (2003)<br />
* ''[[Dongodu]]'' (2003)<br />
* ''[[Villain (2003 film)|Villain]]'' (2003)<br />
* ''[[Mysterious Girl (film)|Jodi No. 1]]'' (2003)<br />
* ''[[Abhimanyu (2003 film)|Abhimanyu]]'' (2003)<br />
* ''[[Neeke Manasichaanu]]'' (2003)<br />
* ''[[Tiger Harischandra Prasad]]'' (2003)<br />
* ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''[[Xtra (film)|Xtra]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''Valliddaru Okkate'' (2004)<br />
* ''[[143 (2004 film)|143]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''[[Bhadradri Ramudu]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''Soggadi Saradalu'' (2004)<br />
* ''[[Vidyardhi]]'' (2004)<br />
* ''Are'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Radha Gopalam]]'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Relax (film)|Relax]]'' (2005)<br />
* ''Prayatnam'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Sada Mee Sevalo]]'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Kanchanamala Cable TV]]'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Adirindayya Chandram]]'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Okkade]]'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Jai Chiranjeeva]]'' (2005)<br />
* ''[[Lakshmi (2006 film)|Lakshmi]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[Kithakithalu]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[Boss (2006 film)|Boss]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[Pellaina Kothalo]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[Maharathi (2007 film)|Maharathi]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Madhumasam]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Classmates (2007 film)|Classmates]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Sri Mahalakshmi]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Yamagola Malli Modalayindi]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Chandamama (2007 film)|Chandamama]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Seema Sastri]]'' (2007)<br />
* ''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Ontari (film)|Ontari]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''Pelli Kani Prasad'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Nagaram (2008 film)|Nagaram]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Bommana Brothers Chandana Sisters]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Parugu]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Kathanayakudu (2008 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Chintakayala Ravi]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[1940 Lo Oka Gramam]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Kuberulu]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Dongala Bandi]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[King (2008 film)|King]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Mitrudu]]'' (2009)<br />
* ''[[Sankham]]'' (2009)<br />
* ''[[Ganesh Just Ganesh|Ganesh]]'' (2009)<br />
* ''[[Panchakshari]]'' (2010)<br />
* ''[[Happy Happy Ga]]'' (2010)<br />
* ''[[Baava]]'' (2010)<br />
* ''[[Bindaas (2010 film)|Bindaas]]'' (2010)<br />
* ''[[Bhale Mogudu Bhale Pellam]]'' (2011)<br />
* ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta! (2011 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta!]]'' (2011)<br />
* ''[[Teen Maar]]'' (2011)<br />
* ''[[Mr. Perfect (film)|Mr Perfect]]'' (2011)<br />
* ''[[Sudigadu]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSnhr-zhiXY&t=1430s | title=Allari Naresh, Monal Gajjar, Kovai Sarala Telugu FULL HD Comedy Drama Movie &#124;&#124; Theatre Movies | website=[[YouTube]] | date=2 July 2023 }}</ref><br />
* ''[[Rebel (2012 film)|Rebel]]'' (2012)<br />
* ''[[Damarukam]]'' (2012)<br />
* ''[[Julai]]'' (2012)<br />
* ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]'' (2013)<br />
* ''[[Atharintiki Daaredi]]'' (2013)<br />
* ''[[Bhai (2013 film)|Bhai]]'' (2013)<br />
* ''[[Yevadu]]'' (2014)<br />
* ''[[Aagadu]]'' (2014)<br />
* ''[[Pilla Nuvvu Leni Jeevitham]]'' (2014)<br />
* ''[[Bham Bolenath]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[S/O Satyamurthy]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[James Bond (2015 film)|James Bond]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[Pandaga Chesko]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[Srimanthudu]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[Soukhyam]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[Sarrainodu]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[Supreme (film)|Supreme]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[A Aa]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[Selfie Raja]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[Babu Bangaram]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[Janatha Garage]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[Intlo Deyyam Nakem Bhayam]]'' (2016)<br />
* ''[[Nenu Local]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Maa Abbayi]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Rarandoi Veduka Chudham]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Duvvada Jagannadham]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Mahanubhavudu]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Raja The Great]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Next Nuvve]]'' (2017)<br />
* ''[[Bhaagamathie]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[Bharath Ane Nenu]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[Nela Ticket]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[Jamba Lakidi Pamba (2018 film)|Jamba Lakidi Pamba]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[Srinivasa Kalyanam (2018 film)|Srinivasa Kalyanam]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[Sailaja Reddy Alludu]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[Savyasachi (2018 film)|Savyasachi]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2019)<br />
* ''[[Majili]]'' (2019)<br />
* ''[[Tenali Ramakrishna BA. BL]]'' (2019)<br />
* ''[[Prati Roju Pandage]]'' (2019)<br />
* ''[[Sarileru Neekevvaru]]'' (2020)<br />
* ''[[V (2020 film)|V]]'' (2020)<br />
* ''[[Bangaru Bullodu (2021 film)|Bangaru Bullodu]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[FCUK: Father Chitti Umaa Kaarthik]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[Gaali Sampath]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[Chaavu Kaburu Challaga]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[Varudu Kaavalenu]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[Manchi Rojulochaie]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[Aadavallu Meeku Johaarlu (2022 film)|Aadavallu Meeku Johaarlu]]'' (2022)<br />
* ''[[F3 (film)|F3]]'' (2022)<br />
* ''[[Swathi Muthyam (2022 film)|Swathi Muthyam]]'' (2022)<br />
* ''[[Macherla Niyojakavargam]]'' (2022)<br />
* ''[[Urvasivo Rakshasivo]]'' (2022)<br />
* ''[[Veera Simha Reddy]]'' (2023)<br />
* ''[[Das Ka Dhamki]]'' (2023)<br />
* ''[[Custody (2023 film)|Custody]]'' (2023)<br />
* ''[[Usha Parinayam (2024 film)|Usha Parinayam]]'' (2024)<br />
* ''[[Dhoom Dhaam (2024 film)| Dhoom Dhaam]]'' (2024)<br />
* ''[[Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (2025 film)| Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi]]'' (2025)<br />
* ''[[Sankranthiki Vasthunam]]'' (2025)<br />
* ''[[Bhairavam]]'' (2025)<br />
* ''[[The RajaSaab]]'' (2026)<br />
* ''[[Nari Nari Naduma Murari (2026 film)|Nari Nari Naduma Murari]]'' (2026)<br />
* ''[[Funky (film)|Funky]]'' (2026)<br />
* ''[[Sampradayini Suppini Suddapoosani]]'' (2026)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;Television<br />
*''[[Lady Detective (TV series)|Lady Detective]]'' (1995)<br />
<br />
===Tamil===<br />
{{Colbegin}}<br />
* ''[[Kuselan]]'' (2008)<br />
* ''[[Lingaa]]'' (2014)<br />
* ''[[Viswasam]]'' (2019)<br />
* ''[[Annaatthe]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[Custody (2023 film)|Custody]]'' (2023)<br />
* ''[[Chandramukhi 2]]'' (2023)<br />
{{Colend}}<br />
<br />
{{Colbegin}}<br />
<br />
===Malayalam===<br />
* ''[[Mouna Daaham]]'' (1990)<br />
<br />
===Hindi===<br />
* ''[[Prem Qaidi]]'' (1991)<br />
<br />
===Bengali===<br />
* ''[[Moner Majhe Tumi]]'' (2002)<br />
{{Colend}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|0707426}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kakinada]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from East Godavari district]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sushil_Pandey&diff=538724Sushil Pandey2026-05-04T14:35:27Z<p>Stevenagok: added basic pg w/ infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sushil Pandey<br />
| image = File:Sushil Pandey.jpg<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Bihar]], India<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 2007–present<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sushil Pandey''' is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]] and television. He is known for his roles in the [[Jolly LLB (film series)|''Jolly LLB'' (film series)]], ''[[Inside Edge (TV series)|Inside Edge]]'', ''[[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]]'', ''[[Anek]]'' and ''[[Bheed]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushil Pandey, recently seen in the web series Maharani, talks about his life |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/logo-one-to-one-265165/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
Pandey belongs to [[Bihar]], India. He completed his education in [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]]. He lost his father when he was very young.<br />
<br />
Pandey made his debut with Shahid Kapoor starrer [[Jab We Met]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=अभिनेता सुशील पांडेय हुमा कुरैशी की 'महारानी' में निजी सेना कमांडर की भूमिका में दिखेंगे - Article 15 actor Sushil Pandey will be seen playing the role of a private army commander in Huma Qureshs Maharani |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-article-15-actor-sushil-pandey-will-be-seen-playing-the-role-of-a-private-army-commander-in-huma-qureshs-maharani-21678486.html |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> His next release was [[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inspiring journey |url=https://www.zee5.com/ta/zee5news/check-out-bollywood-actor-sushil-pandeys-inspiring-journey-from-sleeping-in-a-railway-station-to-working-in-movies/ |access-date=30 March 2024 |work=Zee5 |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213062521/https://www.zee5.com/ta/zee5news/check-out-bollywood-actor-sushil-pandeys-inspiring-journey-from-sleeping-in-a-railway-station-to-working-in-movies/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He played some minor roles in projects like [[Pappu Can't Dance Saala|Pappu Can’t Dance Saala]], [[Phas Gaye Re Obama]], [[Bhoot and Friends]], John Day, [[Umrika]] and Humorously Yours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=गोवा के ताज होटल में काम करते थे 'महारानी' के कमांडर कुंवर सिंह, ऐसे मिला फिल्मों में काम - Sushil Pandey Talks About How He Get Role In Maharani and Also His Early Career |url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-vishesh-sushil-pandey-talks-about-how-he-get-role-in-maharani-and-also-his-early-career-verified-21709973.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushil Pandey Exclusive: कभी होटल में नौकरी करते थे Maharani के 'कुंवर सिंह' |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/entertainment/exclusive-web-show-maharani-kuwar-singh-actor-sushil-pandey-use-to-work-in-hotel-taj-goa/videoshow/83310705.cms |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330052028/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/entertainment/exclusive-web-show-maharani-kuwar-singh-actor-sushil-pandey-use-to-work-in-hotel-taj-goa/videoshow/83310705.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
He gained popularity with playing major roles in big projects like [[Jolly LLB]], [[Jolly LLB 2]], [[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]], [[Maharani (2021 TV series)|Maharani]], [[Inside Edge (TV series)|Inside Edge]], [[Mukhbir - The Story of a Spy|Mukhbir]], [[Bheed]], Human, [[The Verdict – State vs Nanavati|The Verdict - State Vs Nanavati]] and [[Anek]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly LL.B 2 review: A jolly good watch |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/Jolly-LLB2-review-a-jolly-good-watch.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=theweek.in |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330052028/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/Jolly-LLB2-review-a-jolly-good-watch.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title='Maharani Season 3' review: Huma Qureshi and Sohum Shah's show gets denser and darker |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/maharani-season-3-review-huma-qureshi-and-sohum-shahs-show-gets-denser-and-darker-13746054.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-28 |title=Article 15 movie review: Ayushmann hunts for inconvenient truths |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/article-15-movie-review-ayushmann-khurrana-stands-tall-in-this-essential-film-about-cops-and-caste-4-5-stars/story-fivzSl1g0IV7kGnY2IXISO.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Bheed movie review: Filmmaking as an act of defiance |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bheed-movie-review-filmmaking-as-an-act-of-defiance-12342682.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324071830/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bheed-movie-review-filmmaking-as-an-act-of-defiance-12342682.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title <br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2007|| ''[[Jab We Met]]''<br />
|Gang of four: Man 1 <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2010|| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''<br />
|Iqbal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pappu Can't Dance Saala]]''<br />
|Real estate agent <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Phas Gaye Re Obama|Phas Gye Re Obama]]''<br />
|Bhai Sahab's men<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bhoot and Friends]]''<br />
|Banke<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2013<br />
|''[[Jolly LLB]]''<br />
|Sadakant Mishra<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[John Day (film)|John Day]]''<br />
|Ranade<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2015<br />
|''[[Umrika]]''<br />
|Photographer <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Mr. X (2015 film)|Mr. X]]''<br />
|Tiwari<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|''[[Jolly LLB 2]]''<br />
|Ramkumar Bhadauria <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly LL.B 2 review: A jolly good watch |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/Jolly-LLB2-review-a-jolly-good-watch.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=theweek.in}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2019<br />
|''[[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]]''<br />
|Nihal Singh<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-28 |title=Article 15 movie review: Ayushmann hunts for inconvenient truths |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/article-15-movie-review-ayushmann-khurrana-stands-tall-in-this-essential-film-about-cops-and-caste-4-5-stars/story-fivzSl1g0IV7kGnY2IXISO.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527162213/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/article-15-movie-review-ayushmann-khurrana-stands-tall-in-this-essential-film-about-cops-and-caste-4-5-stars/story-fivzSl1g0IV7kGnY2IXISO.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-01 |title=Article 15 wouldn't be a winner if it wasn't for its powerful supporting cast |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/article-15-supporting-cast-manoj-pahwa-kumud-mishra-sayani-gupta-zeeshan-ayyub-anubhav-sinha-film-5808845/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]''<br />
|Peon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aadhaar (2019 film)|Aadhaar]]''<br />
|Masterji<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Anek]]''<br />
|Sampat<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-01 |title='Anek': Sushil Pandey on playing undercover agent, reuniting with Ayushmann, Anubhav Sinha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anek-sushil-pandey-on-playing-undercover-agent-reuniting-with-ayushmann-anubhav-sinha/articleshow/91941366.cms |access-date=2025-02-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2025-05-22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250522001302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anek-sushil-pandey-on-playing-undercover-agent-reuniting-with-ayushmann-anubhav-sinha/articleshow/91941366.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Bheed]]''<br />
|Kanhaiya<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Bheed movie review: Filmmaking as an act of defiance |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bheed-movie-review-filmmaking-as-an-act-of-defiance-12342682.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324071830/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bheed-movie-review-filmmaking-as-an-act-of-defiance-12342682.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganguly |first=Dharitri |date=2023-03-27 |title=Bheed actor Sushil Pandey talks about reuniting with Anubhav Sinha for the third time |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2023/Mar/27/bheed-actor-sushil-pandey-talks-about-reuniting-with-anubhav-sinha-for-the-third-time-47941.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329181304/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2023/Mar/27/bheed-actor-sushil-pandey-talks-about-reuniting-with-anubhav-sinha-for-the-third-time-47941.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2025<br />
|''[[Phule (film)|Phule]]''<br />
|Raja Ram Phule <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jolly LLB 3]]''<br />
|Raghunath Bhardwaj<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year(s)<br />
!Ttitle <br />
!Role <br />
!Notes <br />
|-<br />
|2024 <br />
|''[[Thukra Ke Mera Pyaar]]''<br />
|Gendalal<br />
|17 episodes <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2022 <br />
|''[[Mukhbir - The Story of a Spy]]''<br />
|Qasim / Purushottam<br />
|3 episodes<br />
|-<br />
|[[Human (TV series)|''Human'']] <br />
|Rajneesh Gulta<br />
|10 episodes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2022-02-07 |title=Reality check: Sushil Pandey talks about his latest outing, ‘Human’ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/Feb/07/reality-check-sushil-pandey-talks-about-his-latest-outing-human-2416337.html |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021 <br />
|''Crime Factory''<br />
|Jahangir Khan<br />
|Teleivision film<br />
|-<br />
|2021-2024<br />
|[[Maharani (2021 TV series)|''Maharani'']]<br />
|Kunwar Singh<br />
|8 episodes<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title='Maharani Season 3' review: Huma Qureshi and Sohum Shah's show gets denser and darker |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/maharani-season-3-review-huma-qureshi-and-sohum-shahs-show-gets-denser-and-darker-13746054.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosal |first=Sharmistha |date=2021-05-26 |title=Article 15 actor Sushil Pandey plays a commander in Huma Qureshi's Maharani |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2021/May/26/article-15-actor-sushil-pandeyplays-a-commander-in-huma-qureshis-maharani-33852.html |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329181303/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2021/May/26/article-15-actor-sushil-pandeyplays-a-commander-in-huma-qureshis-maharani-33852.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''[[The Verdict – State vs Nanavati]]''<br />
|Karunesh Pandey<br />
|8 episodes <br />
|-<br />
|2017-2021<br />
|[[Inside Edge (TV series)|''Inside Edge'']] <br />
|Rajeshwar Mehta<br />
|5 episodes <br />
|-<br />
|2011-2016<br />
|[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|''Crime Patrol'']]<br />
|Prahlad Gupta / Bashir Ahmed<br />
|21 episodes<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb name|id=nm3124900|name=Sushil Pandey}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandey, Sushil}}<br />
[[Category:Indian actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Araria&diff=487270Araria2026-05-04T01:46:07Z<p>Stevenagok: Creating a page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Araria district|other places with same/similar name|Araria (disambiguation)}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br />
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Araria<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| settlement_type = City<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.15|N|87.52|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Region]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila (region)|Kosi-Seemanchal]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Araria district|Araria]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = January 1990<br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = [[Municipal Council]]<br />
| governing_body = Araria Municipal Council<br />
| leader_title1 = [[District Magistrate]]<br />
| leader_name1 =Shri ANIL KUMAR ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 47<br />
| population_total = 79,021<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]],<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=23 March 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> [[Maithili language|Maithili]]<br />
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official<br />
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/><br />
| demographics1_title3 = <br />
Regional Language<br />
| demographics1_info3 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] <br />
| postal_code = 8543xx (Araria)<ref>[https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Araria/ Araria]</ref><br />
| registration_plate = BR-38<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araria]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Araria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Araria]]<br />
| website = [https://araria.nic.in https://araria.nic.in]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| official_name = <br />
}}<br />
'''Araria''' is a city and a [[municipality]] that is the headquarters of [[Araria district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Bihar]]. Araria is situated in the northern part of [[Bihar]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
During the [[British Raj]] the area was under the administration of a British district collector and municipal commissioner, Alexander John Forbes (1807-1890) of [[East India Company]]. Forbes had a bungalow at the same location. Consequently, the area was known as 'residential area' also abbreviated as 'R-area'. Over time the name transformed to 'Araria' and the neighbouring subdivision came to be known as '[[Forbesganj subdivision|Forbesganj]]'.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Bhuvaneshwar |last2=Agrawal |first2=Rajendra |title=Telecom racket busted in sleepy Araria district of Bihar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Telecom-racket-busted-in-sleepy-Araria-district-of-Bihar/articleshow/19232676.cms |access-date=23 August 2021 |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |date=27 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Araria is a part of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/bihar-assembly-elections-2020-bjp-eyes-winning-push-from-mithila/articleshow/78314749.cms|title = Bihar assembly elections 2020: BJP eyes winning push from Mithila &#124; Bihar Assembly Elections 2020 Election News - Times of India}}</ref> Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] who established the [[Mithila Kingdom]] (also called Kingdom of the Videhas).<ref>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143</ref><br />
<br />
During the late [[Vedic period]] (c. 1100–500 BCE), Kingdom of the Videhas became one of the major political and cultural centers of [[South Asia]], along with [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] and [[Panchala|Pañcāla]]. The kings of the Kingdom of the Videhas were called [[Janka]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=Witzel, M. |author-link=Michael Witzel |year=1989 |chapter=Tracing the Vedic dialects |title=Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes |location=Paris |editor1-last=Caillat |editor1-first=C. |pages=141–143 |publisher=Fondation Hugot}}</ref><br />
The Mithila Kingdom was later incorporated into the [[Vajjika League]], which had its capital in the city of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]], which is also in Mithila.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hemchandra, R. |year=1972 |title=Political History of Ancient India |location=Calcutta |publisher=University of Calcutta}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
Araria is primarily a rural district; 93% of the total population lives in rural areas (713 villages). Only two out of nine [[tehsils]] have an urban population that is concentrated in [[Forbesganj]] and Araria(Census 2001).<br />
<br />
In 2008 survey findings, Araria lagged behind the all India average in seven out of eight indicators and also lagged behind the all India level in terms of two more health-related indicators. Most of the villages lack some basic infrastructure: 92 percent are without any medical facilities; 20 percent of the villages lack formal facilities of education of any type; 597 out of 713 villages are without electricity; and 50 percent of the villages are without all-weather road connectivity. The overall work participation rate is 40.3 percent, which is much less in the case of the female population. Agriculture laborers dominate the labor force (64.7% of the total) which is almost double the national average.<br />
{{bar box<br />
|title=Religions in Araria Town (2011)<br />
|titlebar=#Fcd116<br />
|left1=Religion<br />
|right1=Percent<br />
|float=right<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|59.05}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|40.11}}<br />
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.83}}}}<br />
There is a substantial concentration of minority (mainly [[Muslims]]) population. Against the state average of 20.52%, Muslims constitute 49.4 percent of the total rural populations, but their percentages are 77.5% in Jokihat, 62.70% in Araria, and 46.8% in Palasi subdivisions. The number of minority groups - [[Christians|Christian]], [[Sikhs|Sikh]], [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Jainism|Jains]] - are less in comparison. The rural literacy rate is 33.2 percent, much below the state and national averages. The worst is the female literacy rate, i.e. 20.4%. In other words, only one out of five women are literate. Even sex ratio, i.e., 917 is less than state and all India level.<br />
<br />
[[Kulhaiya|Kulhayya]] people majorly live in this region.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Araria is located at {{Coord|26.15|N|87.52|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Araria.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Araria, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 47 metres (154 feet). Araria is situated at the northern part of [[Purnia]] and [[Madhepura]] in [[Bihar]]. Borders of Araria are surrounded by [[Nepal]] on the northern side, [[Kishanganj]] on the eastern side and [[Supaul]] on the south-west side. The district came into existence by the division of Purnia district on [[Makar Sankranti]] day of 1990. The district touches the [[India–Nepal border|Indo-Nepal international border]] also this area is close to three countries: [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Bhutan]]. Hence, the district is important in terms of security. [[Jogbani]] is the last point of Araria and after that, [[Morang]] district of Nepal starts.<br />
<br />
[[Kosi River|Kosi river]] used to pass through Araria, although it has changed its path long ago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar to change Kosi’s course to save ancient site, says Nitish |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/natural-disasters/bihar-to-change-kosi-s-course-to-save-ancient-site-says-nitish-74733 |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=www.downtoearth.org.in |language=en}}</ref> The other important river of Araria is Panaar. Agriculture has flourished along the banks of this river, although it becomes catastrophic during the rainy season because of floods. A canal also passes through Araria. In clean weather [[Kangchenjunga]] range of mountains can be seen from here (especially after rain).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-07 |title=How clean environment offers Bihar villagers majestic view of snow-capped Himalayan peaks from balconies, rooftops |url=https://biharpost.in/bihar-villagers-get-majestic-view-of-himalayas/ |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=Bihar Post |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Wildlife==<br />
Araria is the natural habitat of the Gangetic Dolphins. In the local rivers of Araria, Gangetic dolphins (''[[South Asian river dolphin]]s'') are found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gangetic dolphins found in Bihar’s Mahananda river |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/gangetic-dolphins-found-in-bihar-s-mahananda-river-65413 |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=www.downtoearth.org.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
Durga Puja mela is one of the biggest festival celebrations at a different place in Araria. Many notable other festivals are celebrated like [[Chhath|Chhat pooja]], [[Diwali]], [[Durga Puja]], [[Krishna Janmashtami|Janmashtami]] etc. [[Hindus]] and Muslim are living friendly environment and celebrating each festival.<br />
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Replica Stoop: situated Near Manikpur 5&nbsp;km far from Araria district headquarter going towards Forbesganj.<br />
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The movie [[Teesri Kasam]] was shot in the villages of Araria. It was [[Basu Bhattacharya]]'s film, based on ''Mare Gaye Gulfam'' written by [[Phanishwar Nath 'Renu']], starring [[Raj Kapoor]] and [[Waheeda Rehman]].<br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
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===Railway===<br />
<br />
Araria is accessible to other parts of India by railways via {{rws|Katihar}}.<br />
<br />
The nearest Railway Station is Araria court & Araria(R S). Araria Court Railway station lies on [[Barauni-Katihar section|Katihar-Jogbani Branch Line]]. There are daily and weekly train available for {{rws|Jogbani}}, {{rws|Purnia}}, {{rws|Katihar}}, {{rws|Kolkata}}, {{rws|Siliguri Junction}}, {{rws|Begusarai}}, {{rws|Patliputra Junction}}, {{rws|Allahabad}}, {{rws|Kanpur}}, {{rws|Delhi}}.<br />
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===Road===<br />
<br />
Connected with {{jct|NH|27|country=IND}}.<br />
<br />
Buses for most of the districts and internal blocks are available from the bus terminal.<br />
<br />
===Airport===<br />
<br />
The nearest airport is [[Purnia Airport]], now become a commercial airport from non-commercial airport.<br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
[[Araria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] is the [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency representing Araria (community development block). The same constituency also includes Araria Nagar Parishad.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref> [[Avidur Rahman]] from [[Indian National Congress]] is the MLA elected in the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<br />
<br />
Araria (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 9 [[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=commission/> Shahnawaz Alam from BJP (MP) elected in the [[2024 Indian general election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar Lok Sabha Election Results 20|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/bihar-lok-sabha-election-results-2024|access-date=22 August 2024 |work=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notable people ==<br />
<!-- ONLY ADD PEOPLE WHO HAVE THEIR OWN WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE --> <br />
*[[Mohammed Taslimuddin]] - Former Union Minister of State<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-was-mohammed-taslimuddin-rjd-strongman-and-voice-of-seemanchal-who-died-at-74-on-sunday/859970/|title = Who was Mohammed Taslimuddin, RJD strongman and voice of Seemanchal who died at 74 on Sunday|date = 18 September 2017}}</ref><br />
* [[Phanishwar Nath Renu|Phanishwar Nath 'Renu']] - Writer of modern [[Hindi]] literature<br />
*[[Subrata Roy]] - Chairman of Sahara Group<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/subrata-roy-the-not-so-beautiful-story/1232375/|title= Subrata Roy: The not-so-beautiful story|website= Financial Express|date= 10 March 2014|language=en |access-date=2014-03-11}}</ref><br />
*[[Quaiser Khalid]], IPS - Police officer, Maharashtra Cadre, Poet, Educationist<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rekhta.org/Poets/quaiser-khalid/profile|title=Quaiser Khalid - Profile & Biography}}</ref><br />
*[[Bakhtiyar Ahmad]]- Founder of Araria Advertisers and social media activist<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://araria.nic.in Araria district profile]<br />
* http://www.udyogmitrabihar.in/docs/dp/araria.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924031640/http://www.udyogmitrabihar.in/docs/dp/araria.pdf |date=24 September 2016 }}<br />
<br />
{{Adjacent communities<br />
| Centre = Araria<br />
| North = [[Kursakanta]], [[Sikti]]<br />
| Northeast = <br />
| East = [[Jokihat]]<br />
| Southeast = <br />
| South = [[Jalalgarh]], [[Purnea]]<br />
| Southwest = <br />
| West = [[Raniganj (community development block)|Raniganj]]<br />
| Northwest = [[Forbesganj]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Blocks of Araria district}}<br />
{{Purnia Division}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Araria| ]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dheeraj_Muniraj&diff=496821Dheeraj Muniraj2026-05-03T10:02:00Z<p>Stevenagok: created basic post v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1992)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
'''Dheeraj Muniraj''' (born 8 Jan 1992)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is an MLA from [[Doddaballapur Assembly constituency]] in [[Bangalore Rural district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dheeraj Muniraj in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 And he is also serving as President of BJP Youth Wing, Karnataka. |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/dheeraj-muniraj-doddaballapur-candidate-s10a180c007/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Doddaballapur Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp Candidate Dheeraj Muniraj Wins From Doddaballapur |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/doddaballapur-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601898 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka election results 2023: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-full-list-of-winners-8606612/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Early life and education ==<br />
Muniraj is from [[Doddaballapura|Doddaballapur]], Bangalure Rural district. His father is P. Muniraj. He did his schooling at [[Clarence High School (India)|Clarence High School, Bengaluru]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} He completed his Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communications in 2014 at [[R.V. College of Engineering|R V College of Engineering]], Bengaluru and his Master of Science in engineering in 2016 at [[Texas A&M University]], College of Station, [[Texas]], USA.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dheeraj Muniraj(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DODDABALLAPUR(BANGALORE RURAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7237 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
Muniraj won from Doddaballpur Assembly constituency representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Hosakote, Devanahalli, Doddaballapur, Nelamangala Election Result 2023 Winners Name |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/live-hosakote-devanahalli-doddaballapur-nelamangala-karnataka-bangalore-rural-election-result-2023-roundwise-vote-counting-winners-list-article-100177721 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> He polled 85,144 votes and defeated his nearest rival, T. Venkatesh of [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 31,753 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Doddaballapur Election Results, Doddaballapur विधानसभाचुनाव परिणाम 2023 - NDTV MPCG |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/karnataka-vidhan-sabha-election-results-2023/doddaballapur |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-election-results-2023-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Doddaballapur Assembly Constituency News, Photos, Latest News Headlines about Doddaballapur Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.thehindu.com/election/karnataka-doddaballapur-assembly-constituency/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election 2023 - Doddaballapur">{{cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election 2023 - Doddaballapur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10180.htm?ac=180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404132640/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10180.htm?ac=180 |archive-date=4 April 2025 |access-date=4 April 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muniraj, Dheeraj}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1992 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bangalore Rural district]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kathpurva&diff=508936Kathpurva2026-04-30T00:46:24Z<p>Stevenagok: Entry...</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Village located in Kalpi Tehsil of Jalaun district}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
'''Kathpurva''' is a [[village]] located in the [[Kalpi]] [[tehsil]] of [[Jalaun]] [[district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full list of villages of Kalpi sub-district in Jalaun district |url=https://www.viewvillage.in/villages-of-tehsil/kalpi-853 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=www.viewvillage.in}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Village (गाव): Kathpurva |url=https://localbodydata.com/village-Kathpurva-151586 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=localbodydata.com}}</ref> There are two villages under the jurisdiction of Kathpurva Gram Panchayat. Gram Panchayat Kathpurva is further divided into 11 wards. Gram Panchayat Kathpurva has total 11 elected members by people.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Gram Panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत): KATHPURVA |url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-kathpurva-68740 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=localbodydata.com}}</ref><br />
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== Geography ==<br />
Kathpurva covers an area of approximately 356.84 [[hectare]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathpurva {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ |url=https://geoiq.io/places/Kathpurva/Mx5JyFaWJg |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=geoiq.io}}</ref> It is situated about 25 [[Kilometre|kilometers]] from the [[Subdistrict|sub-district]] [[headquarters]] at Kalpi and roughly 40 kilometers from the [[district]] headquarters of Jalaun. The pincode of Kathpurva is 285203.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSKMultiservices |url=https://pincodes.nskmultiservices.in/pincodes/Uttar%20pradesh/Hamirpur/PIN/285203 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=pincodes.nskmultiservices.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Panchayati Raj Department - Govt of Uttar Pradesh |url=https://panchayatiraj.up.nic.in/pblc_pg/Reports/PB2FormReport?ReportType=Filled&District=JALAUN |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=panchayatiraj.up.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhary |first=Prem Kumar |title=📍 Pincode Margayan Bo And Jalaun JOBs or File RTI in Uttar Pradesh |url=https://info.thanksmygov.com/latestpincode/uttar_pradesh/jalaun/kalpi/margayan_bo/ |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=JOBs ➤ Resume Builder ➤ File RTI |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Demographics ==<br />
As per the 2011 [[Census of India]], Kathpurva has a total population of 1,285 individuals residing in around 220 households.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathpurva Village (Pincode: 285203), Kalpi, Jalaun {{!}} Uttar Pradesh {{!}} – Population, Area, Nearby Villages, Assembly & Parliament Constituency |url=https://villageinfo.org/village/151586 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=villageinfo.org}}</ref> The gender distribution is 690 males to 595 females.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Kathpurva Village Population - Kalpi - Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/151586-kathpurva-uttar-pradesh.html |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kathpurva's literacy rate is approximately 74.11% overall, with male literacy at 78.90% and female literacy at 68.63%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jalaun District |url=https://www.veethi.com/places/uttar-pradesh-jalaun-district-567.htm |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=www.veethi.com}}</ref><br />
There are about 862 females per 1,000 males, with a slightly lower child sex ratio for those aged 0–6 years.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Kathpurwa Village Population - Robertsganj - Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/213387-kathpurwa-uttar-pradesh.html |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> A sizable portion of the population - around 53.54% - belong to the Scheduled Castes.<ref name="auto1"/><br />
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== Infrastructure ==<br />
The village has road connectivity that links it to nearby towns, with Kalpi—the nearest urban center—located approximately 25 kilometers away.<ref name="auto2"/><br />
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== References ==<br />
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{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Jalaun district]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Living_Foundation&diff=487572Art of Living Foundation2026-04-29T10:24:16Z<p>Stevenagok: Creating info</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian non-governmental organization}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = The Art of Living Foundation<br />
|image = Art_of_Living_official_logo.png<br />
|headquarters = 21st Km, Udaypura, Kanakapura Road, [[Bengaluru]]<br />
|founder = [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Sri Sri Ravi Shankar]]<br />
|website = www.artofliving.org<br />
}}<br />
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The '''Art of Living Foundation''' is a volunteer-based, non profit, [[humanitarian]] and educational non-governmental organization (NGO).<ref name="GuideStar_Archive">{{cite web |title=Art of Living Foundation |url=http://www.guidestar.org/organizations/77-0240101/art-living-foundation.aspx |publisher=[[GuideStar]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518102122/http://www.guidestar.org/organizations/77-0240101/art-living-foundation.aspx |archive-date=18 May 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mazza |first=Sandy |title=Hindu spiritual leader and ‘Art of Living’ founder Sri Sri Ravi Shankar visits Southern California |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2018/04/18/hindu-spiritual-leader-and-art-of-living-founder-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-visits-southern-california/ |work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]] |date=April 18, 2018 |access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> It was founded in 1981 by [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Ravi Shankar]] with the vision of creating a stress-free and violence free society,in [[Bengaluru]], [[India]], which also serves as the location of its international centre.<ref name="Mazza2018">{{cite news |last=Mazza |first=Sandy |title=Hindu spiritual leader and 'Art of Living' founder Sri Sri Ravi Shankar visits Southern California |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2018/04/18/hindu-spiritual-leader-and-art-of-living-founder-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-visits-southern-california/ |work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]] |date=April 18, 2018 |access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref><ref name="HinduBirthday">{{cite news |last=Shameel |title=A yogic birthday |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-yogic-birthday/article2230501.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=July 15, 2011 |access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref><ref name="HinduStructure">{{cite news |last=Vakkalanka |first=Harshini |title=A structural feat: on Vishalakshi Mantap |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/a-structural-feat/article22275703.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=December 25, 2017 |access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref> The Art of Living Foundation has centers in 180 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/sri-sri-ravi-shankars-59th-birthday-10-interesting-facts-252655-2015-05-13|title=Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's 59th Birthday: 10 Interesting facts you shouldn't miss about him|date=13 May 2015|website=India Today|access-date=19 December 2018|first3=2015 12:51}}</ref><br />
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== Organization ==<br />
===History===<br />
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Before founding the Art of Living Foundation, Ravi Shankar worked as an associate of [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]], the founder of the [[Transcendental Meditation]] movement.<ref name="CBS2004">{{cite news |last=Duff-Brown |first=Beth |title=New Age Rage: The Art of Breathing |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-age-rage-the-art-of-breathing/ |work=[[CBS News]] |date=July 13, 2004 |access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref><ref name="WRSP">{{cite web |last=Tøllefsen |first=Inga Bårdsen |title=Art of Living Foundation |url=https://wrldrels.org/2016/10/08/art-of-living-foundation/ |website=World Religions and Spirituality Project |publisher=[[Virginia Commonwealth University]] |date=October 8, 2016 |access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref><br />
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Ravi Shankar has said that he conceptualized [[Sudarshan Kriya]], a rhythmic breathing technique, following a period of silence in [[Shimoga]], Karnataka, in 1982, which forms the basis of the foundation's courses.<ref name="CBS2004" /><ref name="WRSP" /><br />
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The first Art of Living course was held in [[Shivamogga|Shimoga]] in 1982.<ref name="WRSP">{{cite web |last=Tøllefsen |first=Inga Bårdsen |title=Art of Living Foundation |url=https://wrldrels.org/2016/10/08/art-of-living-foundation/ |website=World Religions and Spirituality Project |publisher=[[Virginia Commonwealth University]] |date=October 8, 2016 |access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref><br />
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===Evolution of organizational activities===<br />
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The Art of Living Foundation was established primarily as an educational organisation offering stress management programmes centred on [[Sudarshan Kriya]], along with yoga and meditation. <ref name="WRSP">{{cite web |title=Art of Living Foundation |publisher=World Religions and Spirituality Project, Virginia Commonwealth University |author=Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen |date=8 October 2016 |url=https://wrldrels.org/2016/10/08/art-of-living-foundation/ |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> Through the 1980s and into the early 1990s, its activities were concentrated on delivering courses in India and expanding internationally through teacher training. The organisation expanded internationally in 1983, when Shankar conducted the first international course in [[Switzerland]].<ref name="WRSP" /> In 1986, he travelled to [[North America]] to hold the first courses in [[Apple Valley, California]].<ref name="FinExp">{{cite news |title=Know how Sri Sri Ravi Shankar started the Art of Living |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-know-how-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-started-the-art-of-living-became-the-biggest-spiritual-guru-heres-everything-about-his-journey-life-connection-with-pm-modi-3127910/ |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref><ref name="WRSP" /><br />
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The Art of Living Foundation has been an educational and humanitarian organization in the U.S. since 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://esango.un.org/civilsociety/showProfileDetail.do?method=showProfileDetails&tab=3&profileCode=1291 |website=United Nations – Civil Society Participation |publisher=UN |access-date=9 January 2019|title=United Nations Civil Society Participation (ICSO) – Login }}</ref> <br />
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In 1996, the foundation received special consultative status with the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] (ECOSOC), marking its formal recognition as a humanitarian non-governmental organisation at the international level.<ref name="ECOSOC">{{cite web |title=Art of Living Foundation — NGO Profile |publisher=UN ECOSOC Civil Society Database |url=https://esango.un.org/civilsociety/displayProfile.do?method=getOrganizationDetail&organizationId=6144 |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://csonet.org/content/documents/INF_List_lastest.pdf |website=United Nations – Civil Society Participation |publisher=UN |title=List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as at 1 September 2019 }}</ref> The following year, in 1997, the foundation co-founded the International Association for Human Values (IAHV) in [[Geneva]], a separately registered organisation that obtained its own ECOSOC consultative status and through which many of the foundation's humanitarian and social programmes have since been implemented.<ref name="IAHV_ECOSOC">{{cite web |title=International Association for Human Values — NGO Profile |publisher=UN ECOSOC Civil Society Database |url=https://esango.un.org/civilsociety/displayProfile.do?method=getOrganizationDetail&organizationId=6145 |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> During this period, the foundation expanded its scope to include disaster relief, prisoner rehabilitation, and environmental initiatives. Following the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]], the foundation deployed trauma relief programmes in affected communities in India and Sri Lanka; a subsequent peer-reviewed study published in the ''Journal of Health Psychology'' found significant reduction in [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] symptoms among tsunami survivors who received the breathing-based intervention.<ref name="Descilo2010">{{cite journal |last=Descilo |first=T. |display-authors=et al. |year=2010 |title=Effects of a yoga breath intervention alone and in combination with an exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the 2004 South-East Asia tsunami |journal=Journal of Health Psychology |volume=15 |issue=8 |pages=1177–1182 |doi=10.1177/1359105310365577}}</ref> In 2008, the foundation launched the Mission Green Earth campaign in partnership with the [[United Nations Millennium Campaign]], targeting the planting of 100 million trees to address [[climate change]].<ref name="TOI2009">{{cite news |title=AoL project to tackle global warming |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2009 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/earth/aol-project-to-tackle-global-warming/articleshow/4286750.cms |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> The foundation's Prison SMART programme, which delivers breathing and stress management techniques to incarcerated individuals, was independently reported operating in South African prisons during this period.<ref name="BBC2008">{{cite news |title=South African prisoners embrace yoga |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=December 2008 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-10603945 |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref><br />
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From 2015 onwards, the foundation's founder Ravi Shankar became directly engaged in active conflict mediation. In June 2015, he participated in peace negotiations between the Colombian government and the [[FARC]] guerrilla organisation in [[Bogotá]] and [[Havana]].<ref name="SCMP2015">{{cite news |title=Sri Sri Ravi Shankar joins Colombia peace talks |newspaper=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=June 2015 |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/americas/article/1888620/sri-sri-ravi-shankar-joins-colombia-peace-talks |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> In August 2017, 68 militants from 11 armed outfits surrendered in [[Manipur]], with the state's Chief Minister crediting Ravi Shankar's peace-building engagement in the region.<ref name="NDTV2017">{{cite news |title=68 militants surrender in Manipur |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=August 2017 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/68-militants-surrender-in-manipur-1736040 |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> In March 2019, the [[Supreme Court of India]] appointed Ravi Shankar as one of three mediators in the [[Ayodhya dispute]].<ref name="Hindu2019">{{cite news |title=Supreme Court appoints three mediators for Ayodhya dispute |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=March 2019 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-appoints-three-mediators-for-ayodhya-dispute/article26470095.ece |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref><br />
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The majority of the officers of the organization, along with most of its teachers and staff, are volunteers.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=AOL's volunteers |url=https://www.wired.com/1999/10/volunteers/ |magazine=Wired|date=October 1999 }}</ref> Many of its programs are conducted through or in conjunction with a partner organization, the International Association for Human Values (IAHV).<ref name="iahv_sch">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/School-for-tsunami-affected-children-inaugurated-in-Tamil-Nadu/articleshow/2222476.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202124031/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-21/india/27994115_1_tsunami-free-education-school-compound|url-status=live|archive-date=2 February 2014|title=School for tsunami-affected children inaugurated in Tamil Nadu|date=21 July 2007|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> It's programs draw on [[Advaita Vedanta]] tradition and practices.<ref name="Historical dictionary">{{Cite book|title=Historical dictionary of new religious movements|last=Chryssides|first=George D.|date=2012|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn= 9780810861947|edition=Second|location=Lanham, Md.|pages=39|quote="AOLF draws on Indian Advaita Vedanta (nondualism) tradition"|oclc=828618014}}</ref><br />
The Foundation operates as a charitable or a non-profit organization with chapters in many parts of the world.<ref name=gjoy>Gautier, Francois. The Guru of Joy. New York: [[Hay House]], 2008.</ref><br />
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==Global centres==<br />
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The Art of Living Foundation maintains residential centres that serve as regional hubs for its programmes and retreats.<br />
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The foundation's primary global hub is the Art of Living International Center, located on Kanakapura Road in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India. The centre was established in 1986.<ref name="Hindu2017">{{cite news |title=A structural feat |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 December 2017 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/a-structural-feat/article22275703.ece |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> Its principal structure is the Vishalakshi Mantap, a five-tiered meditation hall inaugurated by then [[Vice President of India]] [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] on 17 January 2003.<ref name="Hindu2003">{{cite news |title=Vishalakshi Mantap inaugurated |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 January 2003 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030508164100/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/01/18/stories/2003011803310400.htm |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref><ref name="HinduStructure">{{cite news |last=Vakkalanka |first=Harshini |title=A structural feat: on Vishalakshi Mantap |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/a-structural-feat/article22275703.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=December 25, 2017 |access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref><br />
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The foundation's European centre is located in Bad Antogast, in the [[Black Forest]] region of [[Baden-Württemberg]], Germany, in the municipality of [[Oppenau]].<ref name="OT2015">{{cite news |title=Gewaltlosigkeit setzt Zeichen |newspaper=Offenburger Tageblatt |url=https://www.bo.de/lokales/achern-oberkirch/gewaltlosigkeit-setzt-zeichen |access-date=2024-01-01 |language=de}}</ref><ref name="OT2020">{{cite news |title=Richtfunk ermöglicht Online-Yogakurse in Bad Antogast |newspaper=Offenburger Tageblatt |url=https://www.bo.de/lokales/achern-oberkirch/richtfunk-ermoeglicht-online-yogakurse-in-bad-antogast |access-date=2024-01-01 |language=de}}</ref><br />
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In North America, the foundation operates the Art of Living Retreat Center in [[Boone, North Carolina]], a 380-acre property in the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]], offering yoga, meditation, and [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] wellness programmes.<ref name="WashPost2015">{{cite news |title=In North Carolina, the Art of Living Retreat is a balancing act of rest and activities |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=17 December 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/in-north-carolina-the-art-of-living-retreat-is-a-balancing-act-of-rest-and-activities/2015/12/17/4a1a5490-8342-11e5-8ba6-cec48b74b2a7_story.html |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref><br />
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The foundation also operates a centre in [[Saint-Mathieu-du-Parc]], in the [[Mauricie]] region of [[Quebec]], Canada, situated on a 232-acre property and offering retreat accommodation and an Ayurvedic medicine programme.<ref name="Estrieplus">{{cite news |title=L'art de vivre de Saint-Mathieu-du-Parc avec Pierre Laflamme |newspaper=Estrieplus |url=https://www.estrieplus.com/contenu-art_de_vivre_ravi_shankar_saint_mathieu_du_parc-1894-38651.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="LeNouvelliste1991">{{cite news |title=Le Nouvelliste |newspaper=[[Le Nouvelliste (Trois-Rivières)|Le Nouvelliste]] |date=9 August 1991 |url=https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3255504 |access-date=2024-01-01 |language=fr}}</ref><br />
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==Programmes and courses==<br />
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Its stress-elimination and self-development programs are based on the breathing technique [[Sudarshan Kriya]], [[Meditation]] and [[yoga]].<ref name=gjoy /> This technique is a major part of Art of Living courses.<ref name="toi_course_firemen">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Pranayam-lessons-for-Mumbai-firemen/articleshow/18327906.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921122231/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-04/mumbai/36741994_1_fire-station-pranayam-sudarshan-kriya|url-status=live|archive-date=21 September 2013|title=Pranayam lessons for Mumbai firemen|date=4 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="usf_students">{{cite web|url=http://www.usforacle.com/usf-community-learns-the-art-of-living-1.2814809|title=USF community learns 'The Art of Living'|last=Naseer|first=Briana|date=4 March 2013|website=usforacle.com|access-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202204859/http://www.usforacle.com/usf-community-learns-the-art-of-living-1.2814809|archive-date=2 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> These courses have been conducted for students and faculty,<ref name="usf_students" /> government officials,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/30-state-officials-try-to-master-Art-of-Living-without-stress/articleshow/22289.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921214749/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-06-14/mumbai/27173293_1_workshop-crime-branch-stress|url-status=live|archive-date=21 September 2013|title=30 state officials try to master Art of Living without stress|date=14 June 2003|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref> firemen,<ref name="toi_course_firemen" /> ex-militants,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Ex-rebels-head-for-meditation-courses/articleshow/12237147.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921134544/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-12/guwahati/31152597_1_ulfa-vocational-training-militants|url-status=live|archive-date=21 September 2013|title=Ex-rebels head for meditation courses|date=12 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref> and prisoners.<ref name="SA_prison" /><br />
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==Social service==<br />
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Its areas of work cover disaster relief,<ref name="Historical dictionary" /> poverty alleviation,<ref name=indexpvidarbha /> prisoner rehabilitation,<ref name=SA_prison>{{cite news|title=South African prisoners embrace yoga|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7777912.stm|work=BBC News|date=24 December 2008|first=Andrew|last=Walker}}</ref> empowerment of women, campaigns against female feticide,<ref>{{cite news|title=Voices against female foeticide filed by: Nirmala|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Voices-against-female-foeticide-filed-by-Nirmala/articleshow/5004833.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913095828/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-13/bangalore/28079205_1_female-foeticide-female-child-ratio-aol|url-status=live|archive-date=13 September 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 September 2009}}</ref> and environmental sustainability.<ref name="mge_100mil_pune">{{cite news|title=AoL project to tackle global warming|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/AoL-project-to-tackle-global-warming/articleshow/4262247.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202124029/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-14/pune/28016135_1_global-warming-aol-seeds|url-status=live|archive-date=2 February 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 March 2009}}</ref><br />
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=== Project Vidarbha ===<br />
In 2007, with the support of the state government, volunteers from the foundation provided training to farmers in six [[Vidarbha]] districts in organic and [[Zero Budget Farming|zero-budget farming]], rainwater harvesting, and multiple cropping, as well as teaching them the Art of Living course. The next year, the foundation said it had to reduce the scale of its work after the state government announced loan waiver for farmers and pulled back funding for the foundation's project<ref name=indexpvidarbha>{{cite web|title=After loan waiver, no Art of Living course for Vidarbha farmers|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/after-loan-waiver-no-art-of-living-course-for-vidarbha-farmers/327921/1|work=The Indian Express|date=27 June 2008}}</ref><br />
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In 2008, Ravi Shankar announced the extension of the program to [[Andhra Pradesh]] to end farmer suicides from financial stress in that state.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sri Sri to help AP farmers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sri-sri-to-help-ap-farmers/articleshow/2679591.cms|access-date=16 November 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 January 2008}}</ref><br />
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=== Mission Green Earth ===<br />
in 2008, the foundation launched 'Mission Green Earth Stand Up Take Action' campaign to plant 100 million trees to help reduce global warming and protect the environment, in partnership with [[United Nations Millennium Campaign]] and [[United Nations Environment Programme]].<ref name="mge_100mil_pune" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Art of Living launches 'Mission Green Earth Stand Up Take Action' |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/10/04/art-of-living-launches-mission-green-earth-stand-up-take-action-1223114635.html|publisher=Oneindia|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Students take up 'Mission Green Earth'|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/04/stories/2008100450970200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008004823/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/04/stories/2008100450970200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2008|access-date=11 June 2013|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 October 2008}}</ref><br />
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=== River Rejuvenation Projects ===<br />
In February 2013, the foundation launched a three-year program to rejuvenate the [[Kumudavathi River]] (in Bangalore) under its 'Volunteer for Better India' campaign along with civic authorities and environmentalists to address water shortage problems <ref name="TOI_Kumudvathi">{{cite news|title=Art of Living initiates Kumudvathi River rejuvenation program|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Art-of-Living-initiates-Kumudvathi-River-rejuvenation-program/articleshow/19040932.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130624234253/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-18/bangalore/37813379_1_river-basin-villages-water-scarcity|url-status=live|archive-date=24 June 2013|access-date=23 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="NIE_Kumudavathi_1">{{cite news|title=Hoping for more water|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Hoping-for-more-water/2013/06/22/article1646640.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008041034/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Hoping-for-more-water/2013/06/22/article1646640.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2013|access-date=23 June 2013|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=22 June 2013}}</ref> Ravi Shankar led a walkathon in Bangalore to create awareness about the program.<ref name="DNA_Kumudvathi_walkathon">{{cite news|title=Kumudvathi revival plan draws citizens' interest|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1845702/report-kumudvathi-revival-plan-draws-citizens-interest|access-date=23 June 2013|newspaper=DNA|date=9 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ravi Shankar leads walkathon for water|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ravi-shankar-leads-walkathon-for-water-113060800505_1.html|access-date=23 June 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=8 June 2013}}</ref> The project had revived five water-recharge wells, constructed 74 boulder checks, cleaned up 18 step wells and planted 2,350 saplings in seven villages by June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=He tames criminal instincts in jailbirds|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/He-tames-criminal-instincts-in-jailbirds/articleshow/36263869.cms|access-date=25 June 2014|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|date=9 June 2014}}</ref><br />
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Similar efforts were held to revive [[Palar River|Pallar River]] in Andhra Pradesh, Manjra river in Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/reviving-water-bodies-is-an-art-of-living-now/articleshow/61945110.cms|title=Reviving water bodies is an Art of Living now|last=Basu|first=Ipsita|date=6 December 2017|work=The Economic Times|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref> and [[Vedavathi River]] in Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/water/copying-nature-is-the-only-way-to-revive-our-rivers-57442|title=Copying nature is the only way to revive our rivers|website=downtoearth.org.in|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><br />
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===Volunteer For a Better India===<br />
The Art of Living, along with UN agencies, NGOs and civil society, launched Volunteer For a Better India (VFABI) on 5 December 2012.<br />
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VFABI protested against the [[2012 Delhi gang rape and murder|2012 Delhi gang-rape case]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbaikars-hold-public-vigils-to-condemn-Delhi-horror-seek-security-for-citizens-not-VIPs/articleshow/17700066.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061044/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-21/mumbai/35952963_1_vips-azad-maidan-silent-vigil|url-status=live|archive-date=21 September 2013|title=Mumbaikars hold public vigils to condemn Delhi horror; seek security for citizens, not VIPs|date=21 December 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 December 2018}}</ref><br />
In May 2013, 1,634 volunteers distributed medicines worth Rs. 2.2 million under the guidance of 262 doctors to over 20,000 slum dwellers in Delhi through 108 free health camps organized in collaboration with the [[Indian Medical Association]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Free health camps for slum dwellers by Art of Living|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/free-health-camps-for-slum-dwellers-by-art-of-living-113051000649_1.html|access-date=29 July 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=10 May 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2013, the 'I vote for better India' initiative was launched to increase awareness of the importance of voting as a responsibility towards the nation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Foundation urges citizens to vote|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Foundation-urges-citizens-to-vote/articleshow/24172020.cms|access-date=28 November 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=NGO volunteers enrol 35,000 people in voters' list|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5179866745637335037&SectionId=5494605966908300850&SectionName=Civic&NewsDate=20131101&NewsTitle=NGO%20volunteers%20enrol%2035,000%20people%20in%20voters%E2%80%99%20list|access-date=28 November 2013|newspaper=Sakal Times|date=1 November 2013|archive-date=8 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108235711/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5179866745637335037&SectionId=5494605966908300850&SectionName=Civic&NewsDate=20131101&NewsTitle=NGO%20volunteers%20enrol%2035,000%20people%20in%20voters%E2%80%99%20list|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=YCCE Supports 'I Vote For Better India' Campaign|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/ycce-supports-i-vote-for-better-india-campaign/|access-date=28 November 2013|newspaper=Nagpur Today|date=11 October 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Controversies==<br />
<br />
===Settlement with anonymous bloggers===<br />
In 2010, Art of Living sued two anonymous bloggers for defamation, trade libel, copyright infringement and disclosing trade secrets. The two claimed to be former teachers/followers of Art of Living and had written posts critical of the foundation. The Foundation's request to unmask the bloggers' identities was denied, and the judge allowed only the trade secrets claim to go to trial.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.eastbayexpress.com/ebx/unmasking-the-art-of-living/Content?oid=3221659 | title = Unmasking The Art of Living | publisher = East Bay Express | date = 6 June 2010 | access-date=7 February 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In a 2012 settlement, the bloggers agreed to freeze their existing blogs with no restriction on starting up new blogs critical of Art of Living.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eastbayexpress.com/92510/archives/2012/06/26/blogger-vs-alleged-cult-case-ends-in-favorable-settlement| title=Blogger vs. Alleged Cult Case Ends in Favorable Settlement | publisher=East Bay Express | date=26 June 2012| access-date=7 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.citmedialaw.org/threats/art-living-foundation-v-does-1-10 | title=Art of Living Foundation v. Does 1–10 | publisher = Citizen Media Law Project}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Land encroachment===<br />
In 2011, a public-interest litigation petition filed in the [[Karnataka High Court]] alleged that Art of Living had constructed [[The Art of Living International Center|structures]] on the Udipalya tank. The government of Karnataka found on inspection that the foundation had encroached upon {{Convert|6.53|hectare}} of the tank area and issued a show cause notice.<ref name="TheHindu_Encroachment">{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=‘AoL has encroached tank’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article2719199.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=16 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522142012/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article2719199.ece |archive-date=22 May 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Sri Ravishankar grabs Rs 50 cr land illegally in K'taka? |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2011/09/06/sri-sri-ravishankar-grabs-poors-land-illegally-for-aol.html|publisher=OneIndia News|access-date=17 February 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
===World Culture Festival on Yamuna flood plains===<br />
Art of Living Foundation organised [[World Cultural Festival|the World Culture Festival]] on the [[Yamuna]] Flood plains in March 2016. A committee appointed by the [[National Green Tribunal Act|National Green Tribunal]] recommended a fine of Rs 1,200 million on Art of Living Foundation for damaging the ecology of the flood plains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/02/28/art-of-living-fined_n_9340830.html|title=Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's Art Of Living Foundation Fined 120 Crore For Ecological Damage|date=28 February 2016|first=Piyasree|last=Dasgupta|website=huffingtonpost.in|access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref> The fine was later reduced to Rs 50 million, with no further events to be allowed at that location.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/live-world-culture-festival-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-yamuna-parliament-rajya-sabha/|title=Sri Sri Ravi Shankar event gets NGT nod, Art of Living fined Rs 5 crore|date=10 March 2016|author=Express Web Desk|website=The Indian Express|access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref> After initially disputing the fine,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Art-of-Living-Foundation-hints-at-moving-SC-against-NGT-order/article14388296.ece|title=Art of Living Foundation hints at moving SC against NGT order|date=6 June 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=18 December 2018|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> with Ravi Shankar declaring that he would rather go to prison,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sri-Sri-Ravi-Shankar-Will-go-to-jail-but-wont-pay-Rs-5-crore-fine-NGT-fixes-deadline/articleshow/51353276.cms|title=Sri Sri Ravi Shankar: Will go to jail, but won't pay Rs 5 crore fine; NGT fixes deadline|author=TNN|date=11 March 2016|website=The Times of India|access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref> the foundation paid on 3 June 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/delhi/sri-sri-ravi-shankar-gives-pays-yamuna-fine-139|title=Sri Sri Ravi Shankar gives in, pays Yamuna fine|date=7 June 2017|website=asianage.com|access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref> The matter is still under litigation with the Foundation denying any wrongdoing.<br />
<br />
=== Burning of the Islamabad center in Pakistan ===<br />
After the organization's yoga center in [[Islamabad]], Pakistan was burned down by armed men in March 2014,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsweekpakistan.com/art-of-living-center-torched-in-islamabad/|title=Police Investigating If Yoga Center Was Targeted Due To Links To India And Founder Sri Sri Ravi Shankar.|date=10 March 2014|work=Newsweek|access-date=25 June 2014|publisher=AG Publications|agency=Newsweek}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/did-pakistan-tv-debate-prompt-burning-yoga-center-n49036|title=Did Pakistan TV Debate Prompt Burning of Yoga Center?|date=10 March 2014|access-date=25 June 2014|work=NBC News}}</ref> the Foundation reported receiving threats from the [[Taliban]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Taliban-Threatens-Art-of-Living-Volunteers-in-Pakistan-AOL/844058|title=Taliban Threatens Art of Living Volunteers in Pakistan: AOL|work=Outlook|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref> The center has since been rebuilt and is functioning.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{Coord|12.825845|77.508759|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Art of Living Foundation}}<br />
[[Category:Charities based in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu relief organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu organisations based in India]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations based in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:International Hindu organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Spiritual organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 1981]]<br />
[[Category:1981 establishments in Karnataka]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parathavarma_Pandian&diff=524406Parathavarma Pandian2026-04-22T11:29:56Z<p>Stevenagok: Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = <br />
Senhor Don Gabriel de Cruz Vaz<br />
| image = <br />
<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1753|12|3}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Tuticorin]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1808|1753}}<br />
| death_place = [[Manapad]], Tamil nadu<br />
| reign = 1779 - 1808<br />
| predecessor = Senhor Caspar Vaz Victoria<br />
| succession = Ruler of [[Pearl Fishery Coast]]<br />
| occupation = Ruler<br />
| father = Caspar Vaz Victoria<br />
| mother = Aida Gomez P Rayan<br />
| burial_place = La Salle School, [[Tuticorin]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Parathavarma Pandian''' (also known as '''Pandiyapathy''', '''Vikrama Aditya Pandya''', '''Thermaran''' and '''Senhor Don Gabriel de Cruz Vaz''') (December 13, 1753 – 1808) was the ruler and freedom fighter from the [[Pearl Fishery Coast]], [[Thoothukudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], in what is now [[southern India]], who helped Maruthu Pandiyar and other freedom fighters like [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]] and [[Oomaithurai]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=The Hindu Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2024-12-14 |title=Appeal for commemorative stamp honouring freedom fighter Pandiyapathy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/appeal-for-commemorative-stamp-honouring-freedom-fighter-pandiyapathy/article68986017.ece |access-date=2024-12-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2024-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228182339/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/appeal-for-commemorative-stamp-honouring-freedom-fighter-pandiyapathy/article68986017.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He fought against the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and later the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]]. The Indian Union Ministry of Culture recognised Pandiyapathy as a freedom fighter <ref>{{cite news<br />
|title=Freedom fighter Pandiyapathy’s details in Amrit Mahotsav portal wrong: Neithal writers<br />
|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2026/Jan/22/freedom-fighter-pandiyapathys-details-in-amrit-mahotsav-portal-wrong-neithal-writers<br />
|work=The New Indian Express<br />
|date=22 January 2026<br />
|access-date=1 April 2026<br />
}}</ref> On his birth anniversary, Tamil Nadu Governor R. N. Ravi paid floral tributes to Parathavarma Pandian and described him as having played a role in resistance against colonial rule, including associations with Veerapandiya Kattabomman.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=On the birth anniversary of Parathavarma Pandiyapathy...<br />
|url=https://x.com/lokbhavan_tn/status/1867536839894262039<br />
|website=X (formerly Twitter)<br />
|publisher=Raj Bhavan Tamil Nadu<br />
|date=2024<br />
|access-date=2026-04-11<br />
}}</ref> Thiru. R. N. Ravi, Hon’ble Governor of Tamil Nadu, paid floral tributes to Parathavarma Pandiyapathy (Thermaran), a great freedom fighter from India’s early resistance against British colonial rule, on his birth anniversary at Lok Bhavan, Chennai - 13.12.2025.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Governor of Tamil Nadu pays floral tributes to Parathavarma Pandiyapathy (Thermaran)<br />
|url=https://x.com/lokbhavan_tn/status/1867536839894262039<br />
|publisher=Lok Bhavan Tamil Nadu (Official X account)<br />
|date=13 December 2025<br />
|access-date=11 April 2026<br />
|language=en<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
[[Senhor Don Gabriel de Cruz]] was born on December 13, 1753, in a Catholic [[Paravar]] family, and became the 16th ruler of the [[Pearl Fishery Coast]], following the death of Don Caspar Anthony De Cruz Vaz Victoria in 1779. Senhor was the honorary title given by the Portuguese to these Catholic rulers. And Parathavarma Pandian or Pandiyapathy are the local titles given to them. In 1772, on his wedding, a golden chalice was offered to Our Lady of Snow's Church. The golden chalice is taken out every year on 5, August for the feast mass celebrated by the Bishop.<br />
<br />
== Involvement with British ==<br />
Initially, Pandian allied with the British to defeat the Dutch who controlled the beach road in the 1780s. However, he later joined forces with [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]] to fight against British rule.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Pandiyapathy |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?8614 |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English |archive-date=2023-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207211130/https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?8614 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pandian sheltered and protected Kattabomman's brother [[Oomaithurai]] after his escape from prison and supplied explosives from Ceylon to support the retaliation against the British.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Forgotten valour: Pandiyapathy, the freedom fighter king of the Pearl Fishery Coast |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/dec/13/forgotten-valour-pandiyapathy-the-freedom-fighter-king-of-the-pearl-fishery-coast-2395084.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=The New Indian Express |date=13 December 2021 |archive-date=2023-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207211135/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/dec/13/forgotten-valour-pandiyapathy-the-freedom-fighter-king-of-the-pearl-fishery-coast-2395084.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite orders from the British to capture him, Pandian managed to evade authorities until his death at the age of 56 in 1808.<ref name=":0" />{{Contradictory inline|reason=If he was born in 1753 and died in 1808, then he should have been 55 years old at most|date=February 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
He was also known for his involvement in the traditional practice of pulling the rope of the [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur|Tiruchendur Murugan temple]] car and offering a golden chariot for the [[Basilica of Our Lady of Snows, Thoothukudi|Our Lady of Snows Church]] in Thoothukudi. He is remembered as Thermaran(தேர்மாறன்). His tomb is still preserved at the La Salle Higher Secondary School campus in [[Thoothukudi]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
The Central Government of India officially announced him as a freedom fighter.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandian, Parathavarma}}<br />
[[Category:1753 births]]<br />
[[Category:1808 deaths]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethirum_Puthirum&diff=498686Ethirum Puthirum2026-04-22T09:26:06Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1999 film by Dharani}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Ethirum Puthirum.jpg<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = [[Dharani (director)|V. C. Ramani]]<br />
| writer = [[E. Ramdoss]] (dialogues)<br />
| story = E. K. Maharajan<br />
| screenplay = V. C. Ramani<br />
| producer = G. S. Madhu<br />
| starring = [[Mammootty]]<br />[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]]<br />[[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]]<br />[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]<br />
| cinematography = A. Karthik Raja<br />
| editing = B. S. Nagarajan<br />
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]<br />
| studio = Madhu Film Internationals<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1999|03|04}}<br />
| runtime = 165 mins<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
'''''Ethirum Puthirum''''' ({{translation|Different puzzles}}) is a 1999 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action-drama film]] directed by [[Dharani (director)|Dharani]] under his real name V. C. Ramani. Produced by G. S. Madhu, the film stars [[Mammootty]], [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]], [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]], and [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], while [[Goundamani]], [[Senthil]], and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] with editing by B. S. Nagarajan and cinematography by A. Karthik Raja. The film released on 4 March 1999, and won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Third Best Film]].<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Kannan, an upright district collector, is tasked with a sensitive mission when Veeraiyan, a terrorist leader, kidnaps a prominent female political figure. Veeraiyan agrees to release her only if his injured brother, Arasappan, receives proper medical care and is safely returned. The government consents and assigns Kannan to oversee Arasappan’s recovery.<br />
<br />
Initially, Arasappan despises Kannan for representing the government against which his brother is fighting. However, the compassion shown by Kannan’s wife, Selvi, and his mother gradually softens his hostility. Just as Arasappan begins to change, events take a darker turn: without Kannan’s approval, the police launch an assault on Veeraiyan’s camp in the forest. Enraged, Arasappan nearly retaliates but is restrained by Kannan.<br />
<br />
The police then accuse Kannan of collusion with the terrorists, citing Arasappan’s escape from his custody and Kannan’s criticism of their unauthorized raid. As a result, Kannan’s wife and mother are arrested. Determined to prevent further suffering for Kannan’s family, Arasappan voluntarily surrenders. Despite his surrender, the police refuse to show him mercy.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Mammootty]] as Collector Kannan<br />
* [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Arasappan<br />
* [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]] as Selvi<br />
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Kannan's mother<br />
* [[Goundamani]] as Auto Driver<br />
* [[Senthil]] as Eshwar<br />
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Veeraiyan<br />
* [[Charan Raj]] as Devaraj<br />
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Dr. Jayanthi<br />
* [[Sangili Murugan]] as Panchayat Thalaivar<br />
* [[Uday Prakash (actor)|Uday Prakash]] as Inspector<br />
* [[Ra. Sankaran]] as Doctor<br />
* [[Shanmugasundaram]]<br />
* [[Madhan Bob]]<br />
* [[Kumarimuthu]]<br />
* [[Pushpavanam Kuppusamy]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=29 March 2020 |title=Paravai Muniyamma's innocence turned Dhool shoot into a fun experience: Director Dharani |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/paravai-muniyammas-innocence-turned-dhool-shoot-into-a-fun-experience-director-dharani/articleshow/74873364.cms |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711215229/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/paravai-muniyammas-innocence-turned-dhool-shoot-into-a-fun-experience-director-dharani/articleshow/74873364.cms |archive-date=11 July 2022}}</ref><br />
* [[Raju Sundaram]] (special appearance in "Thottu Thottu Pesum Sultana")<br />
* [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] (special appearance in "Thottu Thottu Pesum Sultana")<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
''Ethirum Puthirum'' is the directorial debut of Dharani.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveenkumar |first=K |date=2022-07-13 |title=#UnforgettableOnes: Director Dharani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/unforgettableones-director-dharani/articleshow/92843693.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250516032818/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/unforgettableones-director-dharani/articleshow/92843693.cms |archive-date=2025-05-16 |access-date=2025-05-16 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film was initially titled ''Master'' and production delays postponed the film's release by a couple of years. [[Soundarya]] was the original choice for the female lead role, while the [[item number]] done by Simran was initially offered to actress [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], who wanted better pay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandya |title=**** Tamil Movie News **** |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Mar/news3.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430054302/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Mar/news3.htm |archive-date=30 April 2016 |access-date=2 March 2012 |website=Indolink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GOKUL'S TAMIL CINEMA NEWS |url=http://www.geocities.ws/gokima/gcnapril.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064804/http://www.geocities.ws/gokima/gcnapril.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 July 2015 |website=geocities.ws}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
Music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] and the lyrics were penned by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethirum Pudhirum Tamil Audio Cassettes By Vidyasagar |url=https://banumass.com/product/tamil-audio-cassette/tamil-audio-cassettes/ethirum-pudhirum-tamil-audio-cassettes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018130600/https://banumass.com/product/tamil-audio-cassette/tamil-audio-cassettes/ethirum-pudhirum-tamil-audio-cassettes/ |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=Banumass}}</ref> The song "Thottu Thottu Pesum Sultana" became a chartbuster,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=2023-03-22 |title=Tamil Nadu will always be home, says Simran |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Mar/22/tamil-nadu-will-always-be-home-says-simran-2558263.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328105501/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Mar/22/tamil-nadu-will-always-be-home-says-simran-2558263.html |archive-date=28 March 2025 |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> and received renewed attention after featuring in ''[[Good Bad Ugly]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=12 April 2025 |title=Beyond the wink: Priya Prakash Varrier's second viral wave with Good Bad Ugly |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/priya-prakash-varrier-viral-wink-thottu-thottu-pesum-sultana-good-bad-ugly-2707983-2025-04-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423024521/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/priya-prakash-varrier-viral-wink-thottu-thottu-pesum-sultana-good-bad-ugly-2707983-2025-04-12 |archive-date=23 April 2025 |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| total_length = 22:38<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Thottu Thottu Pesum Sultana<br />
| extra1 = [[Swarnalatha]], [[Pushpavanam Kuppusamy]]<br />
| length1 = 4:44<br />
| title2 = Kathu Pasanga<br />
| extra2 = Pushpavanam Kuppusamy, [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], Gopal Rao<br />
| length2 = 5:06<br />
| title3 = Nilavonnu Pathikichhu<br />
| extra3 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Swarnalatha<br />
| length3 = 4:40<br />
| title4 = Maruthaani Thottu<br />
| extra4 = [[Sujatha Mohan]], Malaysia Vasudevan<br />
| length4 = 4:32<br />
| title5 = Ellorukkum Oru<br />
| extra5 = Gopal Rao<br />
| length5 = 3:34<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
The film was initially scheduled to release on 19 October 1998 to coincide with [[Diwali]], but was delayed by five months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=17 October 1998 |title=Southern bonanza |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/oct/17diw.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601075955/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/oct/17diw.htm |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Prior to the theatrical release of the film, pirated copies were released and streamed on television, which ultimately affected the profitability of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=15 December 1999 |title=The war within |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/dec/15mudal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513050917/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/dec/15mudal.htm |archive-date=13 May 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> D. S. Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Though the crux of Maharajan's story is simple, the director, with his screenplay, ably supported by E. Ramdass's dialogue, has worked out enough absorbing situations."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=23 April 1999 |title=Film Reviews: Perianna / Monisha En Monalisa / Ethirum Puthirum |pages=26 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/990423/09/09230222.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010407074033/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/990423/09/09230222.htm |archive-date=7 April 2001}}</ref> The film won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Third Best Film]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2000 |title=Awards: Tamilnadu Government Announces Cinema State Awards -1999 |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/29-12-00/state.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622010121/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/29-12-00/state.htm |archive-date=22 June 2008 |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
<br />
{{Dharani (director)}}<br />
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1999 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1999 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1999 action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1999 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:1999 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about terrorism in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Dharani (director)]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhunjhunu_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=506236Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency2026-04-20T11:23:37Z<p>Stevenagok: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Rajasthan}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = LS<br />
| name = Jhunjhunu<br />
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Rajasthan/Jhunjhunu.map}}<br />
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha Constituency<br />
| established = 1952<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image =<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| mp = [[Brijendra Singh Ola]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]<br />
| state = [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| assembly_cons = [[Pilani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilani]]<br>[[Surajgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Surajgarh]]<br>[[Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]<br>[[Mandawa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandawa]]<br>[[Nawalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawalgarh]]<br>[[Udaipurwati (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipurwati]]<br>[[Khetri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khetri]]<br>[[Fatehpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Fatehpur]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Jhunjhunu''' ({{IPA|hi|d͡ʒʱʊ̃d͡ʒʱʊn̪uː}}) is one of the 25 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Rajasthan]] state in western [[India]]. [[Brijendra Singh Ola]] is incumbent member of the Lok Sabha from Jhunjhunu.<br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
Presently, Jhunjhunu Lok Sabha constituency comprises Eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|title=Parliamentary & Assembly Constituency wise Polling Stations & Electors|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan website|access-date=13 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726003649/http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!#<br />
!Name<br />
!District<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|[[Pilani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilani]] (SC)<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]]<br />
|[[Pitram Singh Kala]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|26<br />
|[[Surajgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Surajgarh]]<br />
|[[Sharwan Kumar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|27<br />
|[[Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]<br />
|[[Rajendra Bhamboo]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|28<br />
|[[Mandawa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandawa]]<br />
|[[Rita Choudhary]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|[[Nawalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawalgarh]]<br />
|[[Vikram Singh Jakhal]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|[[Udaipurwati (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipurwati]]<br />
|[[Bhagawana Ram Saini]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|[[Khetri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khetri]]<br />
|[[Dharmpal Gurjar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|32<br />
|[[Fatehpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Fatehpur]]<br />
|[[Sikar district|Sikar]]<br />
|[[Hakam Ali Khan]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Members of Parliament==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Radheshyam Ramkumar Morarka|Radheshyam Morarka]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br />
|R. K. Birla<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Swatantra Party}}" |<br />
|[[Swatantra Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br />
|[[Shivnath Singh Gill]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br />
|Kanhaiya Lal<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br />
|Bhim Singh<br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|[[Mohd. Ayub Khan]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |<br />
|[[Janata Dal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
|[[Mohd. Ayub Khan]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Sis Ram Ola]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}" |<br />
|[[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|All India Indira Congress (T)]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|1998]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<br />
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|[[Santosh Ahlawat]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
|[[Narendra Kumar (politician)|Narendra Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===2024===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Jhunjhunu]]<ref name="Rajasthan Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: Full and final list of winners including Om Birla, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, Rajkumar Roat and more">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |title=Rajasthan Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: Full and final list of winners including Om Birla, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, Rajkumar Roat and more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-full-and-final-list-of-winners-including-om-birla-gajendra-singh-shekhawat-rao-rajendra-singh-rajkumar-roat-mahima-kumari-mewar-and-more/articleshow/110727696.cms |access-date=12 September 2024 |date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912181348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-full-and-final-list-of-winners-including-om-birla-gajendra-singh-shekhawat-rao-rajendra-singh-rajkumar-roat-mahima-kumari-mewar-and-more/articleshow/110727696.cms |archive-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="Jhunjhunu Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Jhunjhunu Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/rajasthan/jhunjhunu |accessdate=21 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250721171608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/rajasthan/jhunjhunu |archivedate=21 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Jhunjhunu">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Jhunjhunu |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S204.htm |accessdate=21 July 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250721171651/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S204.htm |archivedate=21 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate= [[Brijendra Singh Ola]]<br />
|party= Indian National Congress <br />
|votes=5,53,168<br />
|percentage=49.44<br />
|change= {{increase}}13.11}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Shubhkaran Choudhary]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party <br />
|votes = 5,34,933<br />
|percentage = 47.81<br />
|change = {{decrease}}13.76<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|votes = 6,632<br />
|percentage = 0.61<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 18,235<br />
|percentage = 1.63<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 10,94,900<br />
|percentage =52.93<br />
|change ={{decrease}}9.18<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2019===<br />
{{Election box begin| title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Jhunjhunu]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2019 |title=Constituency wise detailed result |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Narendra Kumar (politician)|Narendra Kumar]]<br />
|votes = 7,38,163<br />
|percentage = 61.57<br />
|change = {{increase}}12.67<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Sharwan Kumar]]<br />
|votes = 4,35,616<br />
|percentage = 36.33<br />
|change = {{increase}}10.86<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate =[[None of the above]]<br />
|votes = 8,497<br />
|percentage = 0.71<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent politician<br />
|candidate =Sharwan Kumar<br />
|votes = 5,582<br />
|percentage = 0.47<br />
|change = ''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Right to Recall Party<br />
|candidate = Dr. Tejpal Katewa<br />
|votes = 803<br />
|percentage = 0.07<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 3,02,547<br />
|percentage = 25.24<br />
|change = {{increase}}2.01<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 12,03,702<br />
|percentage = 62.11<br />
|change = {{increase}}2.69<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2014 Lok Sabha===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Jhunjhunu]]}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Santosh Ahlawat]]<br />
|votes = 4,88,181<br />
|percentage = 48.90<br />
|change = {{increase}}8.88<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Raj Bala Ola<br />
|votes = 2,54,347<br />
|percentage = 25.47<br />
|change = {{decrease}}25.42<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = [[Rajkumar Sharma (politician)|Dr. Rajkumar Sharma]] <br />
|votes = 2,06,288<br />
|percentage = 20.66<br />
|change = {{increase}}20.55<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Rajbala<br />
|votes = 11,740<br />
|percentage = 1.18<br />
|change = {{increase}}1.06<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Rahisa Bano<br />
|votes = 10,423<br />
|percentage = 1.04<br />
|change = {{decrease}}2.61<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 2,33,835<br />
|percentage = 23.23<br />
|change = {{increase}}12.38<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 10,08,641<br />
|percentage = 59.42<br />
|change = {{increase}}17.39<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2009 Lok Sabha===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Jhunjhunu]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Sis Ram Ola]]<ref name="elections2009">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/2009-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=2009 India General Elections Results|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref><br />
|votes = 3,06,330<br />
|percentage = 50.87<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Dr. Dasrath Singh Shekhawat<br />
|votes = 2,40,998<br />
|percentage = 40.02<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Khatri Mustaq<br />
|votes = 21,994<br />
|percentage = 3.65<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent politician<br />
|candidate = Sher Singh<br />
|votes = 6,928<br />
|percentage =1.15<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 65,332<br />
|percentage = 10.85<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 6,02,155<br />
|percentage = 42.03<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 1998 ===<br />
<!-- this section is transcluded on Electoral history of the MP --> <section begin="General Election 1998"/> <br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
|title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Jhunjhunu]] }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate|<br />
|party = [[All India Indira Congress (Secular)|AIIC(S)]]<br />
|candidate = [[Sis Ram Ola]] <br />
|votes = 3,38,526<br />
|percentage = 44.25<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Madan Lal Saini]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 3,00,667<br />
|percentage = 39.3<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<ref name="Wire 17 July">{{cite news |title=Jagdeep Dhankhar: India's Most Talked About Governor Is NDA's Vice-Presidential Candidate |url=https://thewire.in/politics/jagdeep-dhakhar-nda-vice-presidential-candidate-governor-tenure |access-date=8 August 2022 |work=The Wire |date=17 July 2022}}</ref> <br />
|party = Indian National Congress <br />
|votes = 94,376<br />
|percentage = 12.34<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}} <br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 37,859<br />
|percentage = 4.95<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 765,070<br />
|percentage = 67.08<br />
|change = ''---''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors<br />
|reg. electors = 11,53,561<br />
|ref= <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = All India Indira Congress (Secular)<br />
|loser = All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<section end="General Election 1998"/><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Jhunjhunu lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Jhunjhunu district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|28.1|75.4|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}<br />
[[Category:Jhunjhunu district]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parul_Chaudhary&diff=524609Parul Chaudhary2026-04-18T00:23:20Z<p>Stevenagok: Creating...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian athlete (born 1995)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{About|the Indian athlete|the Indian actress|Parull Chaudhry}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Parul Chaudhary<br />
| image = Parul Chaudhary in January 2024.jpg<br />
| caption = Chaudhary in 2024<br />
| sport = [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]<br />
| event = [[3000 m steeplechase]], [[5000 m]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|4|15|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Meerut|Iklauta]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br />
| pb = ''[[3000 m]]'': 8:57.19 '''{{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}}''' ([[Occidental College|2022]])<br>''[[3000 m steeplechase]]'': 9:12.46 '''{{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}}''' ([[Gumi Civic Stadium|2025]])<br>''[[5000 m]]'': 15:10.35 '''{{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}}''' ([[Hilmer Lodge Stadium|2023]])<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]}}[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]]<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 5000 metres|5000 m]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m steeplechase]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Asian Athletics Championships|2023 Bangkok]]|[[2023 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m steeplechase]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Asian Athletics Championships|2023 Bangkok]]|[[2023 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 5000 metres|5000 m]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships|2025 Gumi]]|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m steeplechase]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships|2025 Gumi]]|[[2025 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 5000 metres|5000 m]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[2019 Asian Athletics Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 5000 metres|5000 m]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 South Asian Games#Women's events|5000 m]]}}<br />
| module = {{Infobox police officer<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| allegiance =<br />
| department =<br />
| branch =[[Uttar Pradesh Police]]<br />
| service_years = 2024–present<br />
| rank = [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]]<br />
| awards =<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Parul Chaudhary''' (born 15 April 1995) is an Indian [[Track and field|track]] athlete who specializes in [[3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m steeplechase]] and [[5000 metres|5000 m]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/parul-chaudhary-14497992 |title=Parul Chaudhary |publisher=World Athletics |accessdate=24 August 2023 |archive-date=24 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724035330/https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/parul-chaudhary-14497992 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Scroll.in 2022">{{cite web |title=Athletics: Parul Chaudhary sets 3000m national record, first Indian woman to clock sub-9 minute time |website=Scroll.in |date=4 July 2022 |url=https://scroll.in/field/1027539/athletics-parul-chaudhary-sets-3000m-national-record-first-indian-woman-to-clock-sub-9-minute-time |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725042328/https://scroll.in/field/1027539/athletics-parul-chaudhary-sets-3000m-national-record-first-indian-woman-to-clock-sub-9-minute-time |url-status=live}}</ref> She has represented India in both the events at the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Paris Olympics]].<br />
<br />
== Early and personal life ==<br />
Chaudhary hails from Iklauta village, near [[Meerut]].<ref name=chau1>{{cite news |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/national-inter-state-senior-athletics-championship-parul-chaudhary-secures-gold-in-3000m-steeplechase-qualifies-for-asian-games20230618032635 |title=National Inter-state Senior Athletics Championship: Parul Chaudhary secures gold in 3000m steeplechase, qualifies for Asian Games |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618065602/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/national-inter-state-senior-athletics-championship-parul-chaudhary-secures-gold-in-3000m-steeplechase-qualifies-for-asian-games20230618032635/ |archive-date=18 June 2023 |work=ANI News |date=18 June 2023 |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref> She is one of four children of Krishanpal Chaudhary and Rajesh Devi. Parul ran barefoot as a teenager and competed in 800 m in her school starting 2011. <br />
<br />
She switched to 1500 m and 3000 m, before taking to 5000 m and competed professionally in the latter event along with 3000 m steeplechase. It helped her land her previous job with the [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]] in 2015 when she moved to [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Koshie |first1=Nihal |title=Parul Chaudhary's journey: From running in vacant paths in sugarcane field to winning two medals at Hangzhou Asian Games |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/running-sugarcane-field-parul-chaudhary-asian-games-2023-hangzhou-8943068 |website=The Indian Express |access-date=3 October 2023 |language=en |date=16 September 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003083828/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/running-sugarcane-field-parul-chaudhary-asian-games-2023-hangzhou-8943068/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
She was appointed as [[Deputy superintendent of police|Deputy Superintendent of Police]] (DSP) with the [[Uttar Pradesh Police]] on 27 January 2024 and began her duties in [[Moradabad district]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-20 |title=Asian Games gold medalist takes charge as DSP in Moradabad dist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/asian-games-gold-medalist-takes-charge-as-dsp-in-moradabad-dist/articleshow/121298908.cms |access-date=2025-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
In July 2023, Chaudhary won a gold in women's 3000 m steeplechase in the [[2023 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Athletics Championships]] held at [[Bangkok]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Athletics Championships: Parul Chaudhary wins gold in women's 3000m steeplechase |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/asian-athletics-championships-parul-chaudhary-wins-gold-in-womens-3000m-steeplechase20230714201745/ |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714145712/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/asian-athletics-championships-parul-chaudhary-wins-gold-in-womens-3000m-steeplechase20230714201745/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In August, at the [[2023 World Athletics Championships|World Athletics Championships]] held in [[Budapest]], she registered personal best time and national record in 3000 m steeplechase with a time of 9:15.31, in the process, qualifying for the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Paris Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Athletics Championships 2023: Parul Chaudhary breaks national record; breaches Paris 2024 Olympic qualifying standards |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/world-athletics-championships-2023-budapest-day-9-india-results-parul-chaudhary |website=Olympics.com |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref> At the [[2022 Asian Games|Hangzhou Asian Games]] in October 2023, she claimed gold in the 5000 m event and silver in 3000 m steeplechase.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Games: Parul Chaudhary Wins Gold in Women's 5000m Event |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/asian-games-parul-chaudhary-wins-gold-in-womens-5000m-event-8601625.html |website=News18 |access-date=3 October 2023 |language=en |date=3 October 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003132619/https://www.news18.com/sports/asian-games-parul-chaudhary-wins-gold-in-womens-5000m-event-8601625.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
<br />
* [[Arjuna Award]] 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=9 January 2024 |title=Yogi congratulates Shami, Parul Chaudhary on receiving Arjuna Award |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/yogi-congratulates-shami-parul-chaudhary-on-receiving-arjuna-award-1503257918.html |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=The Statesman |language=en |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116194341/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/yogi-congratulates-shami-parul-chaudhary-on-receiving-arjuna-award-1503257918.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Named in [[Forbes India|Forbes]] India 30 under-30 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes India 30 Under 30 2024: Meet our young disruptors and trailblazers |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/30-under-30-2024/ |access-date=17 February 2024 |website=Forbes India |language=en |archive-date=15 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215180517/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/30-under-30-2024/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{World Athletics}}<br />
* {{Olympics.com|parul-chaudhary}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241006173100/https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/parul-chaudhary_1544471 Parul Chaudhary] at the [[Paris 2024 Summer Olympics]] (archived, [https://paris2024.rtve.es/es/paris-2024/atleta/parul-chaudhary_1544471 alternate link])<br />
* {{Olympedia}}<br />
* {{InterSportStats}}<br />
* {{Instagram}}<!-- per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only --><br />
<br />
{{Asian Games Champions Athletics 5000 m Women}}<br />
{{Footer Asian Champions women's 3000 metres steeplechase}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Parul}}<br />
[[Category:1995 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women long-distance runners]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women steeplechase runners]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in athletics (track and field)]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games silver medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in athletics]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2019 South Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Meerut]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
<br />
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sujangarh_Assembly_constituency&diff=537999Sujangarh Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:35:57Z<p>Stevenagok: added some article needs work.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Sujangarh<br />
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-24-Sujangarh.svg<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| state = [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| district = [[Churu district]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]]<br />
| reservation = SC<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 24<br />
| mla = [[Manoj Meghwal]]<br />
| incumbent_image =<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| latest_election_year = 2021<br />
}}<br />
'''Sujangarh Assembly constituency''' is one of [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha|constituencies]] of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Churu Lok Sabha constituency]]. It has been reserved for [[Scheduled Castes]].<br />
<br />
Sujangarh constituency covers all voters from parts of [[Sujangarh|Sujangarh tehsil]], which include [[Sujangarh|ILRC Sujangarh]] including Sujangarh Municipal Board, ILRC Jeeli, ILRC Salasar, [[Bidasar, Churu|ILRC Bidasar]] including Bidasar Municipal Board, ILRC Lalgrah and ILRC Tendesar.<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1951 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<ref name="election1951">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_Raj.pdf 1951 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| [[Pratap Singh (Rajasthan politician)|Pratap Singh]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name="election1957">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| [[Shanno Devi]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| Phool Chand<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| L Chand<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| Phool Chand<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| Rawat Ram<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| [[Bhanwarlal Meghwal]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| Chuni Lal Meghwal<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| [[Bhanwarlal Meghwal]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| Rameshwar Lal Bhati<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| [[Bhanwarlal Meghwal]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| Khema Ram Meghwal<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref><br />
| [[Bhanwarlal Meghwal]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
| Khema Ram Meghwal<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
| [[Bhanwarlal Meghwal]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2021^<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Manoj Meghwal]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|}<br />
^By-Poll<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title=[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sujangarh<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan General Legislative Election 2023|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/rajasthan-legislative-election-2023-including-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Manoj Meghwal]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:86790}}<br />
|percentage = 43.18<br />
|change = -2.44<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Santosh Meghwal<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:84337}}<br />
|percentage = 41.96<br />
|change = +17.48<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party<br />
|candidate = Babulal Kuldeep<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:19438}}<br />
|percentage = 9.67<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Rajendra Kumar Nayak<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:4303}}<br />
|percentage = 2.14<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1788}}<br />
|percentage = 0.89<br />
|change = -0.86<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2453}}<br />
|percentage = 1.22<br />
|change = -19.92<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:200989}}<br />
|percentage = 69.42<br />
|change = -1.23<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|loser = <br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2021===<br />
{{Election box begin |title=Bye-election, 2021: Sujangarh}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Manoj Meghwal<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 79,253<br />
|percentage = 49.30<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Khema Ram Meghwal<br />
|votes = 43,642<br />
|percentage = 27.15<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party<br />
|candidate = Sitaram Nayak<br />
|votes = 32,210<br />
|percentage = 20.04<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Doulatram<br />
|party = ARP<br />
|votes = 1,627<br />
|percentage = 1.01<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
| <br />
|votes = 35,611<br />
|percentage = 22.15<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
| <br />
|votes = 1,60,845<br />
|percentage = 58.29<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|loser = <br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Sujangarh]]<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |title=Rajasthan General Legislative Election 2018|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Bhanwarlal Meghwal<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:83632}}<br />
|percentage = 45.62<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Khema Ram Meghwal<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:44883}}<br />
|percentage = 24.48<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Santosh Meghwal<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:38603}}<br />
|percentage = 21.06<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Sitaram<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:4802}}<br />
|percentage = 2.62<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Rameshwarlal<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:4353}}<br />
|percentage = 2.37<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Heeralal<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2359}}<br />
|percentage = 1.29<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:3201}}<br />
|percentage = 1.75<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:38749}}<br />
|percentage = 21.14<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:183318}}<br />
|percentage = 70.65<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2013===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
title=[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sujangarh}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Khema Ram Meghwal<br />
|votes = 78,920<br />
|percentage = 50.54<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = [[Bhanwarlal Meghwal]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 65,271<br />
|percentage = 41.80<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = Sitaram<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 7,415<br />
|percentage = 4.75<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| <br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 4,554<br />
|percentage = 2.92<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
| <br />
|votes = 13,649<br />
|percentage = 9.00<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
| <br />
|votes = 1,56,456<br />
|percentage = 72.42<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}<br />
{{coord|27.70|74.47|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Churu district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._Mani_Achiyur&diff=459648M. Mani Achiyur2026-03-27T04:04:30Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
'''M. Mani Achiyur''' was an Indian politician and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate representing the [[Nanguneri Assembly constituency|Nanguneri constituency]] in the [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1989 election]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf 1989 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Politics}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Achiyur, M. Mani}}<br />
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
{{DMK-politician-stub}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Lagerfeld&diff=475888Karl Lagerfeld2026-03-25T04:49:30Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|German fashion designer (1933–2019)}}<br />
{{Distinguish|text=[[Karl-Gustav Lagerfelt]], a Swedish diplomat}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| image = Fendi store opening - Karl Lagerfeld (14091153382) crop.jpg<br />
| caption = Lagerfeld in 2014<br />
| alt = Karl Lagerfeld in 2014<br />
| name = Karl Lagerfeld<br />
| birth_name = Karl Otto Lagerfeldt<ref name="birthname" /><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1933|9|10}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hamburg]], Germany<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2019|2|19|1933|9|10}}<br />
| death_place = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], France<br />
| education = [[Lycée Montaigne (Paris)|Lycée Montaigne, Paris]]<br />
| occupation = Fashion designer<br />
| partner = [[Jacques de Bascher]] (1972–1989, his death)<br />
| mother = Elisabeth Bahlmann<br />
| father = [[Otto Lagerfeld]]<br />
| awards = [[Bambi Award]] for Creativity<br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.karllagerfeld.com/}}<br />
| signature = Signature Karl Lagerfeld 2.gif<br />
| label_name = {{Plainlist|<br />
*[[Fendi]] (1965–2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://modedesigner.jimdo.com/modedesigner/fendi/ |title=Fendi – Fashion – Modedesigner – 2010 |publisher=Modedesigner.jimdo.com |access-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912201225/http://modedesigner.jimdo.com/modedesigner/fendi/ |archive-date=12 September 2012}}</ref><br />
*[[Chanel]] (1983–2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/mode/karl-lagerfeld-der-strichjunge-von-chanel-539939.html |title=Karl Lagerfeld: Der "Strichjunge von Chanel" – Lifestyle |work=Stern |date=3 May 2005 |access-date=26 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014002345/http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/mode/karl-lagerfeld-der-strichjunge-von-chanel-539939.html |archive-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
*Karl Lagerfeld (1984–2019)<ref name="Vogue" />}}<br />
{{Collapsible list<br />
| title = Other labels<br />
| bullets = <br />
| [[Jean Patou]] (1958–1963)<ref name="whoswho1">{{cite web |url=http://www.whoswho.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=681&RID=1 |title=Karl Lagerfeld – Biografie WHO'S WHO |publisher=Whoswho.de |date=10 September 1933 |access-date=26 April 2012}}</ref><br />
| [[Chloé]] (1963–1983, 1992–1997)<br />
| [[H&M]] (2004)<br />
| Hogan (2011)<br />
| [[Macy's]] (2011)<br />
| [[Falabella (retail store)|Falabella]] (2017)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.falabella.com.co/falabella-co/page/karl-lagerfeld?staticPageId=2800001&&kid=208252674 |title=Karl Lagerfeld – Falabella |website=FalabellaCO}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Karl Otto Lagerfeld''', also called '''Kaiser Karl''', ({{IPA|de|kaʁl ˈʔɔtoː ˈlaːɡɐˌfɛlt|lang|De-Karl Lagerfeld.ogg}}; 10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019) was a [[Germany|German]] [[Fashion design|fashion designer]], [[photographer]], and [[creative director]].<br />
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Lagerfeld began his career in fashion in the 1950s, working for several top fashion houses including [[Balmain (fashion house)|Balmain]], [[Patou]], and [[Chloé]] before joining [[Chanel]] in 1983. As the creative director of Chanel from 1983 until his death, he oversaw every aspect of the fashion house's creative output, from designing collections to photographing advertising campaigns and arranging store displays. He was instrumental in revitalizing the Chanel brand, helping it regain its position as one of the top fashion houses in the world. He was also creative director of the Italian fur and leather goods fashion house [[Fendi]], as well as his own eponymous fashion label. Throughout his career, he collaborated on numerous fashion, design, and art-related projects, and his photography was exhibited in galleries and collected in published volumes.<br />
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Lagerfeld was recognised for his signature white hair, black sunglasses, fingerless gloves, and high-starched detachable collars.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Karl Otto Lagerfeld<ref name="birthname" >{{cite web |date=19 February 2019 |title=Fashion designer Lagerfeld dead at 85 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-47293612 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> was born in [[Hamburg]] on 10 September 1933 to Elisabeth (née Bahlmann) and [[Otto Lagerfeld]]. His father, coming from a family of wealthy wine merchants, was a prosperous businessman and [[polyglot]], speaking nine languages;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rBwnYfW34c&t=28s|title=The Life and Death of Karl Lagerfeld|publisher=YouTube|author=understitch|date=23 April 2023|quote=...''was actually a polyglot, speaking nine different languages, including Russian, and so was a genuinely successful businessman there''...}}</ref><ref name="welt-birth">{{cite news |url=https://www.welt.de/print/wams/hamburg/article117793202/Der-grosse-Karl-wird-doch-schon-80.html |title= Der große Karl wird doch schon 80 |last=Reiners |first= Gisela |date=7 July 2013 |newspaper=Die Welt |publisher=Axel Springers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203737/http://www.welt.de/print/wams/hamburg/article117793202/Der-grosse-Karl-wird-doch-schon-80.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> and owned an import company (Lagerfeld & Co.) specialising in [[evaporated milk]], leading him to work with the American [[dairy industry|dairy]] company [[Carnation (brand)|Carnation]]. During his travels, his father was present during the great [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], escaping unharmed.<ref>Horyn, Cathy (6 October 2013). "Why Fashion Films Are Usually Cartoons". ''The New York Times''. p. 13</ref> A fluent [[Russian language|speaker of Russian]], his father had attempted to gain citizenship in the country at the start of [[World War I]], leading to an accusation of espionage and a three-year prison term in [[Vladivostok]], eventually returning to Germany after the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917. His maternal grandfather, Karl Bahlmann, was a local politician for the [[Centre Party (Germany)|Catholic Centre Party]].<ref name="welt-birth"/> His family belonged to the [[Old Catholic Church]]. When Lagerfeld's mother met his father, she was a lingerie saleswoman from Berlin. His parents married in 1930.<ref name="NDB">[http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz47422.html Otto Lagerfeld] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063053/http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz47422.html |date=4 March 2016}}, in ''[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]''</ref><br />
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His older sister, Martha Christiane "Christel", was born in 1931. Lagerfeld had an older half-sister, Theodora Dorothea "Thea", from his father's first marriage. His family name has been spelled both Lagerfeldt and Lagerfeld. Like his father, he used the spelling Lagerfeld, considering it to "sound more commercial".<ref name="The Karl Lagerfeld Diet">{{cite book |last1=Lagerfeld |first1=Karl |last2=Houdret |first2=Jean-Claude |title=The Karl Lagerfeld Diet |publisher=PowerHouse Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57687-251-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/karllagerfelddie00karl }}</ref><br />
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His family was mainly shielded from the [[Home front during World War II#Germany|deprivations of World War II]] due to his father being a member of the Nazi party and his business interests in Germany through the firm Glücksklee-Milch GmbH.<ref>{{cite book |first=Paul |last=Sahner |title=Karl |publisher=mvg verlag |year=2009 |page=15 |isbn=978-3-86882-015-7 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PU4YAAAAIAAJ|volume=9 |page=161 |title=Encyclopedia of World Biography |publisher=Gale Research |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7876-2221-3 |quote=Fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld was born on 10 September 1935, in Hamburg, Germany. |access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref><br />
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As a child, he showed great interest in the visual arts, and former schoolmates recalled he was always making sketches "no matter what we were doing in class".<ref>DW Documentary (2014), 14:00.</ref> Lagerfeld told interviewers he learned much more by constantly visiting the [[Kunsthalle Hamburg]] museum than he did in school.<ref name="DW1650">DW Documentary (2014), 16:50.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Biography News, Volume 1 |publisher=Gale Research Company |year=1974}}</ref><br />
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==Career==<br />
===Early career, Chloé, and Fendi (1954–1982)===<br />
In 1954, Lagerfeld submitted a dress design to the [[International Wool Secretariat]]'s design competition.<ref name="Mulvagh">{{cite book |last1=Mulvagh |first1=Jane |title=Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion |date=1988 |publisher=Viking, the Penguin Group |isbn=0-670-80172-0 |location=London, England |page=189 |chapter=1946-1956 |quote=In 1954 the young Karl Lagerfeld's entry in a competition organized by the Wool Secretariat was the epitome of the youthful chemise. The style that was to be abbreviated in the sixties had arrived.}}</ref> His submitted entry presaged the chemise dresses which would be introduced by [[Hubert de Givenchy|Givenchy]] and [[Cristobal Balenciaga|Balenciaga]] three years later.<ref name="Mulvagh" /> In 1955, Lagerfeld entered another IWS competition and won in the coat category.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karl Lagerfeld&nbsp;– Creative Director, Chanel, Fendi & Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/karl-lagerfeld |access-date=19 February 2019 |publisher=BoF 500}}</ref> He also befriended another winner, [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]], and was soon after hired by [[Pierre Balmain]] who was a judge for the competition.<ref name="Biog">{{cite web |date=2 April 2014 |title=Karl Lagerfeld Biography |url=https://www.biography.com/people/karl-lagerfeld-9371367 |access-date=19 February 2019 |website=The Bibliography.com website |publisher=A&E Television Networks}}</ref> He worked as Balmain's assistant, and later apprentice, for three years.<ref name="Biog" /><br />
<br />
In 1957, Lagerfeld became the artistic director for [[Jean Patou]].<ref name=Harpers19>{{Cite magazine| last = Mackelden| first =Amy| title = Karl Lagerfeld's Career Was Unlike Anyone Else's |magazine=Harper's Bazaar | access-date = 19 December 2023 | date = 22 February 2019| url = https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/g26415353/karl-lagerfeld-career-timeline/}}</ref> He left Jean Patou in 1962, to become a freelance designer,<ref>{{Cite news| last = Banks| first = Libby| title = The Life And Times Of Karl Lagerfeld |work=Vogue Business| access-date = 19 December 2023 | date = 19 February 2019 | url = https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/the-life-and-times-of-karl-lagerfeld}}</ref> one of the first designers to do so.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Alario Avery | first = Laura| title = The Life And Times Of Karl Lagerfeld |work=InStyle | access-date = 19 December 2023| date = 25 April 2023| url = https://www.instyle.com/karl-lagerfeld-career-timeline-7483544 }}</ref> In the 1960s, he freelanced for brands including [[Charles Jourdan]], [[Chloé]], [[Krizia]], [[Valentino (fashion house)|Valentino]],<ref name=Harpers19/> and for the Rome-based fashion house Tiziani.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Lo | first = Danica| title =1960s Archive of Karl Lagerfeld Sketches for Elizabeth Taylor Will Be Auctioned in Palm Beach on January 11 |work=Glamour | access-date = 19 December 2023| date = 6 January 2014| url = https://www.glamour.com/story/1960s-archive-of-karl-lagerfel }}</ref> In 1965, he was hired by [[Fendi]] to modernize their fur line. The fashion editor of ''[[The Independent]]'', Alexander Fury, wrote in 2015 that Lagerfeld's designs for Fendi were innovative and proved groundbreaking within the industry. These included the introduction of less expensive furs such as rabbit and squirrel pelts into high fashion, and launching a ready-to-wear line. He also designed the brand's double F logo.<ref>{{Cite news| last =Fury| first = Alexander | title =Karl Lagerfeld's 50 years at Fendi: New book celebrates fashion's record-breaking marriage |work=The Independent (UK) | access-date = 19 December 2023| date = 12 May 2015| url = https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/karl-lagerfeld-s-50-years-at-fendi-new-book-celebrates-fashion-s-recordbreaking-marriage-10234405.html }}</ref> Lagerfeld remained with Fendi Rome until his death.<ref name=Harpers19/><br />
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In 1966, Lagerfeld became a designer for [[Chloé]], working alongside [[Gaby Aghion]], and in 1974 he became the sole designer for the brand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2023 |title=The Lagerfeld Looks That Defined a Career (and Remade Fashion) |work=The New York Times |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/29/fashion/karl-lagerfeld-chanel-fendi-hm.html#:~:text=In%201954,%20Mr.,still%20in%20his%2020s,%20Mr. |access-date=9 August 2023 |last1=Friedman |first1=Vanessa }}</ref> He was known in part during this period for expanding the use of crêpe de chine,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Buck |first1=Joan Juliet |title=Fashion Profile: The Surprising Mr. Lagerfeld |journal=Vogue |date=1979-08-01 |volume=169 |issue=7 |page=220 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications, Inc. |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=In the mid-'sixties, Lagerfeld introduced crêpe de Chine as a fabric for winter...and began a decade of crêpe de Chine separates.}}</ref> a focus other designers would adopt in the 1970s,<ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Mirabella |editor1-first=Grace |title=European Ready-to-Wear |journal=Vogue |date=1974-01-01 |volume=163 |issue=1 |page=94 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=...[T]here is a constant flow of crêpe de Chine in the European collections...}}</ref> a decade when Lagerfeld's work for [[Chloé]] would make him one of the most prominent designers in the world,<ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Vreeland |editor1-first=Diana |title=Vogue's Own Boutique |journal=Vogue |date=1971-04-01 |volume=157 |issue=7 |page=169 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=Keep your eye on what Karl Lagerfeld does for Chlöe – often it becomes world-wide fashion shortly thereafter.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |author-link=Bernadine Morris|title=At the Paris Shows, Lots of Smoke but Not Much Fire |journal=The New York Times |date=3 April 1973 |page=38 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/03/archives/at-the-paris-shows-lots-of-smoke-but-not-much-fire.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |quote=Karl Lagerfeld...is hailed as the ready-to‐wear world's major talent...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=At Lagerfeld's Paris Show, the 18th Century Goes Modern |journal=The New York Times |date=29 March 1977 |page=41 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/29/archives/at-lagerfelds-paris-show-the-18th-century-goes-modern.html |access-date=27 March 2022 |quote=...[T]he most inventive designer in Paris...}}</ref> often vying with [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]] for most influential.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Fashion Talk |journal=The New York Times |date=9 May 1975 |page=41 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/05/09/archives/fashion-talk-nothing-to-get-alarmed-about-on-seventh-ave.html |access-date=6 March 2022 |quote=...[I]t has been interesting to notice Karl Lagerfeld replacing Yves Saint Laurent as the favorite mentor of some American designers.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Exuberance Ruled French Fashion Week |journal=The New York Times |date=28 October 1977 |page=A18 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/28/archives/exuberance-ruled-french-fashion-week.html |access-date=27 March 2022 |quote=The most‐applauded collections...were those of the giants, Karl Lagerfeld for Chloe and Yves Saint Laurent.}}</ref> After a period in the early seventies when he toyed with styles from the 1920s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Buck |first1=Joan Juliet |title=Fashion Profile: The Surprising Mr. Lagerfeld |journal=Vogue |date=1979-08-01 |volume=169 |issue=7 |page=270 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications, Inc. |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=The 'twenties, for Karl, took place around 1970...The clothes he designed for Chloé at this time were enveloping coats that demanded the sloe eyes of Lepape ladies above their steeply curved collars and zinging Cubist patterns on dark crêpe de Chine.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mulvagh |first1=Jane |title=Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion |date=1988 |publisher=Viking, the Penguin Group |location=London, England |isbn=0-670-80172-0 |page=297 |chapter=1968-1975 |quote=Between 1969 and 1972 Karl Lagerfeld's work for Chloé was clearly influenced by the art deco collection he was amassing.}}</ref> '30s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=At Paris Shows, the Fabric is Flowing |journal=The New York Times |date=3 April 1974 |page=48 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/03/archives/at-paris-shows-the-fabric-is-flowing-special-to-the-new-york-times.html |access-date=10 February 2022 |quote=Karl Lagerfeld for Chloé['s]...long‐term obsession with the nineteen‐thirties...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Buck |first1=Joan Juliet |title=Fashion Profile: The Surprising Mr. Lagerfeld |journal=Vogue |date=1979-08-01 |volume=169 |issue=7 |page=271 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications, Inc. |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=In his collections, printed crêpes gave way to tea gowns inset with lace tops. Rigorous functionalism, afternoon frivolity: it was the 1930s.}}</ref> '40s,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Paris Report: Last Winter's Wardrobe Need Not Go to Thrift Shop – Yet |journal=The New York Times |date=1971-04-24 |page=34 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/24/archives/paris-report-last-winters-wardrobe-need-not-go-to-thrift-shop-yet.html?searchResultPosition=11 |access-date=2024-08-24 |quote=...Forties...shoulders...turn up [at]...Karl Lagerfeld of Chloe...}}</ref> and '50s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Valentino – Quiet but Beguiling, Tailored but Feminine |journal=The New York Times |date=23 July 1971 |page=38 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/23/archives/valentino-quiet-but-beguiling-tailored-but-feminine.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |quote=...Fendi...was designed by Karl Lagerfeld...Guess what he brought back? Tiny‐waisted fur coats with flaring skirts, that's what. Also Bermuda shorts and pedal-pushers and—get this — saddle shoes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=At the Paris Shows, Lots of Smoke but Not Much Fire |journal=The New York Times |date=3 April 1973 |page=38 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/03/archives/at-the-paris-shows-lots-of-smoke-but-not-much-fire.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |quote=Chloe's Karl Lagerfeld...worked himself up from the 1940s to the 1950s.}}</ref> in 1974 he contributed to the burgeoning [[1970s in fashion#The Big Look or Soft Look|Big Look]] or Soft Look by eliminating linings,<ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Mirabella |editor1-first=Grace |title=European Ready-to-Wear: A Few of Our Favorite Things |journal=Vogue |date=1976-03-01 |volume=166 |issue=03 |page=164 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=...Karl Lagerfeld...put unlined clothes on the map...}}</ref> padding, and even hemming from voluminous, thin-fabric garments,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Buck |first1=Joan Juliet |title=Fashion Profile: The Surprising Mr. Lagerfeld |journal=Vogue |date=1979-08-01 |volume=169 |issue=7 |page=271 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications, Inc. |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=This was 1973, '74; and for Chloé, he began to layer clothes, reducing them to their simplest components – unlined coats, skirts, dresses, scarves that became extra sleeves.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Mirabella |editor1-first=Grace |title=The Ready-to-Wear Collections from France |journal=Vogue |date=1975-08-01 |volume=165 |issue=8 |page=140 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=...Karl Lagerfeld did...clothes that are totally unencumbered – no linings, no hems, no seams. And he did a two-piece dress...of black matte jersey cut on the bias – each side just wraps and ties – the fabric 'finds' the body...}}</ref> even from fur in his work for Fendi at the time,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mulvagh |first1=Jane |title=Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion |date=1988 |publisher=Viking, the Penguin Group |location=London, England |isbn=0-670-80172-0 |page=300 |chapter=1968-1975 |quote=Lagerfeld insisted that the underside of the pelts be stripped down to the very thinnest layer needed to support the pile, and by softening and treating the underside, made it unnecessary to line the garment.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Mirabella |editor1-first=Grace |title=Paris, Italy '74 |journal=Vogue |date=1974-10-01 |volume=164 |issue=4 |pages=190-191 |publisher=The Condé Nast Publications |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=...[T]he unlined furs at Fendi were the most...supple, the most weightless, the most incredible – fur as you've never seen fur...unlined mink, unlined squirrel, unlined broadtail – dressed like fabric, light as fabric (layered like fabric!)...}}</ref> to enable an unencumbered, comfortable, layered style which would dominate the high fashion of the middle of the decade.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=At Paris Shows, the Fabric is Flowing |journal=The New York Times |date=3 April 1974 |page=48 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/03/archives/at-paris-shows-the-fabric-is-flowing-special-to-the-new-york-times.html |access-date=10 February 2022 |quote=The difference with Lagerfeld's things is that all inner construction, and practically all seams, have been eliminated, meaning no linings, no interfacing, not even any turned‐under hems—the fabric has simply been cut off at the bottom.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=A Designer Gets Ahead of Himself |journal=The New York Times |date=21 September 1976 |page=56 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/21/archives/a-designer-gets-ahead-of-himself.html |access-date=27 March 2022 |quote=A designer's designer, he is watched carefully for his innovations, which are as technical as finding ways to avoid linings, eliminating seams whenever possible and finishing hems with overcast stitches instead of turned‐under hems. All this in the interest of keeping clothes light and fluid.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Paris Looks: Casanova to Puss 'n' Boots |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=29 March 1977 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/03/29/paris-looks-casanova-to-puss-n-boots/c731ec09-f529-4ca8-ab22-ae7fdeb5647f/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |quote=It was Lagerfeld who first took the shaping and the linings out of clothes...He also removed hemlines entirely to make clothes lighter and more easily layered.}}</ref><br />
<br />
After refining this style and saying that to go back to linings and stiff structure would be regressive,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Paris Looks: Casanova to Puss 'n' Boots |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=29 March 1977 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/03/29/paris-looks-casanova-to-puss-n-boots/c731ec09-f529-4ca8-ab22-ae7fdeb5647f/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |quote='[Y]ou cannot go back to lined clothing, because...clothes today must be light and loose'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=A Designer Gets Ahead of Himself |journal=The New York Times |date=21 September 1976 |page=56 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/21/archives/a-designer-gets-ahead-of-himself.html |access-date=27 March 2022 |quote=[H]e went on. 'You can't have bones and wires...If we go back to linings, then we are returning to the way things were, not looking ahead'.}}</ref> he did a complete about-face in 1978<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Impresarios of Fashion Preside at Les Halles |journal=The New York Times |date=10 April 1979 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/10/archives/impresarios-of-fashion-preside-at-les-halles-lovely-inventive.html |access-date=15 December 2021 |quote=Until [fall 1978], [Lagerfeld] did a lot of soft, contemporary clothes. They didn't impose their shape on the wearer. He simplified construction so the fabric just seemed to flow across the body.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Mickey and Minnie on the Paris Runway |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 April 1979 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/04/10/mickey-and-minnie-on-the-paris-runway/6effe4d3-338a-4458-98e8-295b059a0515/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote='Women have gotten too sloppy in loose, oversized clothes. They've become too careless about themselves and they are no longer attractive,' he said...}}</ref>. Lagerfeld joined other designers in showing the heavily constructed, [[shoulder pads (fashion)#Fall 1978|huge-shouldered]], more restrictive looks<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=The Directions of the Innovators |journal=The New York Times |date=27 February 1983 |page=132 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/27/magazine/the-directions-of-the-innovators.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=[Azzedine Alaïa, Claude Montana, Thierry Mugler, Jean-Paul Gaultier, i]n these designers' collections, waistlines are usually taut, heels are high,...and, while the designers generally deny it, many of the clothes are restrictive.}}</ref> that would dominate the 1980s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Karl Lagerfeld, the Designer Setting Fashion's Tempo |journal=The New York Times |date=21 May 1979 |page=B6 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/21/archives/karl-lagerfeld-the-designer-setting-fashions-tempo-it-was-time-for.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Then, abruptly, came the change to a slimmer, more fitted look...padded shoulders, belted waistlines and narrow skirts...which was immediately dubbed 'retro' and sent other designers back to the 1950s...What made him change?...'The loose, layered look simply became messy,' he said. 'Free‐flowing clothes looked sloppy'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Impresarios of Fashion Preside at Les Halles |journal=The New York Times |date=10 April 1979 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/10/archives/impresarios-of-fashion-preside-at-les-halles-lovely-inventive.html |access-date=10 February 2022 |quote=Now, [Lagerfeld is] involved in something called shape. That means sleeves that curve outward like melons; the melon shape is repeated in many skirts. Cavalier jackets have peplums that jut out sharply from tightly belted waistlines. Carry on this line of reasoning and you...also have bustles. Yes, bustles.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=At Fashion Parties, a Debut for Spring |journal=The New York Times |date=16 February 1979 |page=A24 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/16/archives/at-fashion-parties-a-debut-for-spring-shaking-up-his-viewers.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Some were stunned by what they saw paraded before them: the above‐the-knee hemlines, the obviously padded shoulders, even on sweaters, the draped‐to‐one-side skirts with ruffled embellishment.}}</ref> He presented such an exaggerated retro 1940s–50s silhouette<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |title=Fashion Carnival |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 April 1978 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/04/11/fashion-carnival/68dda763-3a64-4dc3-8bcc-063084ab0031/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |quote=His message is clear. He likes structured clothes with big shoulders, small waists, usually rounded a bit over the hips and tapered to the hem.}}</ref> – immense shoulder pads;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=European Fashions, Round Two |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=7 April 1978 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/04/07/european-fashions-round-two/cc072539-8875-4bd5-836a-448d64d4730c/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |quote=[Lagerfeld] started with football shoulder padding, since that was what he first found to use, scaling it down to wearable proportion.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donovan |first1=Carrie |title=Why the Big Change Now |journal=The New York Times |date=12 November 1978 |page=226 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/11/12/archives/why-the-big-change-now.html |access-date=15 November 2021 |quote=...[Karl Lagerfeld's] current fall collection is one of the most outrageous in its thrust of broad padded shoulders and aggressive sexiness.}}</ref> severe, stiffly constructed suits<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Mickey and Minnie on the Paris Runway |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 April 1979 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/04/10/mickey-and-minnie-on-the-paris-runway/6effe4d3-338a-4458-98e8-295b059a0515/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...Lagerfeld...revived...the peplum suit with the narrow skirt....Now he has taken shapeliness one step further, rounding out the sleeve. Sometimes he uses padding to get the croissant or horn-of-plenty shaping...}}</ref> with padded lampshade peplums;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Fashion Notes |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=5 November 1978 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/11/05/fashion-notes/284a67cb-b096-45ee-8786-a2ec4745a9d8/ |access-date=27 March 2022 |quote=Karl Lagerfeld sometimes pads the peplum to exaggerate the tiny waist and rounded hip look.}}</ref> padded busts and hips;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donovan |first1=Carrie |title=Fashion View: American Designers Come of Age |journal=The New York Times |date=6 May 1979 |page=254 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/06/archives/fashion-view-american-designers-come-of-age-fashion.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=It was Lagerfeld who originally introduced the current [1979] silhouette of broad shoulders, nipped waist, curvy hip and short skirt.}}</ref> impractically tight skirts;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Impresarios of Fashion Preside at Les Halles |journal=The New York Times |date=10 April 1979 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/10/archives/impresarios-of-fashion-preside-at-les-halles-lovely-inventive.html |access-date=10 February 2022 |quote=...hobble skirts that are impossible to walk in...}}</ref> awkwardly high spike heels;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Impresarios of Fashion Preside at Les Halles |journal=The New York Times |date=10 April 1979 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/10/archives/impresarios-of-fashion-preside-at-les-halles-lovely-inventive.html |access-date=10 February 2022 |quote=[His models'] shoes had triangular-shaped, attenuated heels that threw their bodies out of line and made them walk with their rear ends sticking out awkwardly, not provocatively.}}</ref> hats;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=At Fashion Parties, a Debut for Spring |journal=The New York Times |date=16 February 1979 |page=A24 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/16/archives/at-fashion-parties-a-debut-for-spring-shaking-up-his-viewers.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...hats the size of phonograph records tilted precariously to one side...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Mickey and Minnie on the Paris Runway |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 April 1979 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/04/10/mickey-and-minnie-on-the-paris-runway/6effe4d3-338a-4458-98e8-295b059a0515/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Lagerfeld loves...huge face-framing, fan-shaped hats...}}</ref> gloves; even boned corsets<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Duka |first1=John |title=Paris is Yesterday |journal=New York |date=13 November 1978 |volume=11 |issue=46 |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OACAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22france+andrevie%22+1978laurent&pg=PA111 |access-date=11 December 2021 |quote=Lagerfeld...has brought back the Merry Widow corselet, whalebone stays and all.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Hourglass for Spring |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=25 October 1978 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/10/25/hourglass-for-spring/fb5e27a6-f77c-4b82-b31d-dda8447a8ab9/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...Karl Lagerfeld's strapless tops were boned and lined with fiberfill.}}</ref> – that his work did not look out of place alongside similar retro fare from [[Thierry Mugler]] of the period.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donovan |first1=Carrie |title=Fashion View: American Designers Come of Age |journal=The New York Times |date=6 May 1979 |page=254 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/06/archives/fashion-view-american-designers-come-of-age-fashion.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=There has been a significant change in the fashion silhouette, one that started in an exaggerated way last fall when shoulders buffaloed out, skirt lengths went up, and clothes began pulling in to the body...even more exaggerated...in the cases of Parisian designers Karl Lagerfeld, Claude Montana and Thierry Mugler...}}</ref> His 50s-revival strapless, boned bodices were made more comfortable with foam padding and given the name bustier by the designer, a contribution that would become very popular during the following decade.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Karl Lagerfeld, the Designer Setting Fashion's Tempo |journal=The New York Times |date=21 May 1979 |page=B6 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/21/archives/karl-lagerfeld-the-designer-setting-fashions-tempo-it-was-time-for.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=His widely copied 'bustier'...has a foam base...}}</ref><br />
<br />
During both these phases, his mid-seventies Soft Look phase and his late seventies-eighties big-shoulders phase, his love of the eighteenth century was frequently on display.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Karl Lagerfeld, the Designer Setting Fashion's Tempo |journal=The New York Times |date=21 May 1979 |page=B6 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/21/archives/karl-lagerfeld-the-designer-setting-fashions-tempo-it-was-time-for.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Lagerfeld...has had an almost lifelong preoccupation with...the 18th century}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Russell |first1=Mary |title=Fall Fashion Preview |journal=The New York Times |date=2 April 1978 |page=SM19 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/02/archives/fall-fashion-preview-strong-pointers-from-paris-fall-fashion.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Karl Lagerfeld for Chloë is enamored of 18th‐century glamour...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Finley |editor1-first=Ruth |title=Paris Projects Full & Floating or Slim & Languid in Ready-to-Wear |journal=Fashion International |date=1 November 1974 |volume=III |issue=2 |page=1 |publisher=FI Publications, Inc. |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=...18th Century shepherdess dresses (Chloe)...}}</ref> For instance, his Fall 1977 collection, one of the most celebrated of the seventies Soft Look era, included lace trim, headwear, and thigh-high boots in styles from the 1700s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peake |first1=Andy |title=Made for Walking |date=2018 |publisher=Schiffer Fashion Press |location=Atglen, Pennsylvania |isbn=978-0-7643-5499-1 |pages=117 |chapter=The New Ease in Fashion |quote=Lagerfeld...decided to produce a collection based on...eighteenth-century costumes...So we have broad-brimmed Cavalier hats, capes, velvet and satin breeches, lace-trimmed blouses, and lots of swaggering over-the-knee boots.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Chloe and Chanel Show Fall Styles in New York |journal=The New York Times |date=1 October 1977 |page=39 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/01/archives/chloe-and-chanel-show-fall-styles-in-new-york.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |quote=The designer has long had a predilection for the 18th century, and the thigh‐high boots, cavalier blouses and loose smock dresses he made for fall seemed at home...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=At Lagerfeld's Paris Show, the 18th Century Goes Modern |journal=The New York Times |date=29 March 1977 |page=41 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/29/archives/at-lagerfelds-paris-show-the-18th-century-goes-modern.html |access-date=1 December 2021 |quote=...Karl Lagerfeld...can fill a collection with 18th‐century elements and come up with completely contemporary clothes.}}</ref> while his Fall 1979 collection, one of the most influential of the early years of the big-shoulder era,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donovan |first1=Carrie |title=American Designers Come of Age |journal=The New York Times |date=6 May 1979 |page=254 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/06/archives/fashion-view-american-designers-come-of-age-fashion.html |access-date=1 December 2021 |quote=It was Lagerfeld who originally introduced the current silhouette of broad shoulders, nipped waist, curvy hip and short skirt.}}</ref> contained millinery that recalled Napoleonic [[bicorne]]s, along with button-sided spats/leggings that looked somewhat like military accoutrements from the same period.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Impresarios of Fashion Preside at Les Halles |journal=The New York Times |date=10 April 1979 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/10/archives/impresarios-of-fashion-preside-at-les-halles-lovely-inventive.html |access-date=1 December 2021 |quote=Mr. Lagerfeld put on his models stiff cardboard‐looking headdresses that rose like half‐moons over their skinned-back hair. And he gave them black satin or patent‐leather leggings edged in silver piping and fastened with silver buttons.}}</ref><br />
<br />
Lagerfeld continued producing outfits in the shoulder pads-tight skirts-stiletto heels direction into the eighties, joining other similar designers in shortening the skirts of the look even as high as [[Miniskirt#1980s and 1990s|mini length]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina S. |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Skirting the Mini |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=16 October 1979 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/10/16/skirting-the-mini/116559c2-8d45-46fa-a5b5-6ed9c0008f36/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Karl Lagerfeld, who designs for Chloe, showed the shortest miniskirts....[H]is minis with padded shoulders...are a breed apart....His minis...were served up in three categories: a single layer that barely covered the fanny, and double-tiered and triple-tiered skirts that still stopped above the knee.}}</ref> though his hemlines could also range as low as the ankle.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=How Paris Kept Position in Fashion |journal=The New York Times |date=14 April 1981 |page=B19 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/14/style/how-paris-kept-position-in-fashion.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[V]ery short as well as very long skirts were represented.}}</ref> Alongside these styles, he also showed softer, more comfortable clothing, particularly in 1981–'82, when a brief revival of somewhat mid-seventies-looking long dirndl skirts and shawls appeared on runways<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Notes on Fashion |journal=The New York Times |date=6 October 1981 |page=B8 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/06/style/notes-on-fashion.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...the new Long and Strong look – long skirts, shawls, wrap coats and lots of layers.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Costumes from Classics |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=6 April 1981 |volume=6 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1981/04/06/costumes-from-classics/4f933eb2-a477-4d1d-8086-f59dcb0e142e/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...French styles...are longer, fuller and more layered once again.}}</ref> and Lagerfeld touted the gossamer weightlessness he had perfected in the seventies,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Skirting the Classics |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=9 April 1981 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1981/04/09/skirting-the-classics/0758b1e0-8b1d-4be9-a90c-369ca6be365c/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote= 'It is not the old layering,' insists Karl Lagerfeld. 'It is weightless volume. Volume for movement, not for weight'.}}</ref> although he did like to place corsets and girdles over it by that time.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Duka |first1=John |title=Notes on Fashion |journal=The New York Times |date=20 October 1981 |page=C7 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/20/style/notes-on-fashion.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Lagerfeld has reintroduced the corset, in a version unappealingly severe...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Ungaro and Lagerfeld Brighten Paris Showings |journal=The New York Times |date=19 October 1981 |page=B10 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/19/style/ungaro-and-lagerfeld-brighten-paris-showings.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[A]lmost every outfit, from supple knitted dress to unconstructed jacket, had wrapped around its waist a wide corselet belt which used to be called a waist-nipper.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=The Wages of Skin |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=18 October 1982 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1982/10/18/the-wages-of-skin/891641ff-c2f9-4d51-adfc-dbbf8f7ff82a/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...Lagerfeld has redesigned the girdle. It looks a bit like those back-support girdles sold by mail order from the backs of magazines. But these are often leather and stretch combined. Lagerfeld's girdle, which he puts over everything, including evening dresses, rises a bit above the waist but the emphasis is clearly over the hips.}}</ref> The variety of lengths and trouser shapes he presented during this period kept him in line with modern women's needs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Hips! Shoulders! Knees! |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=21 October 1982 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1982/10/21/hips-shoulders-kneessexy-seams-slink-back-into-vogue-as-yves-celebrates-two-decades/631ec44b-c740-4835-acad-0fed3a3ba208/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote='It would make no more sense to make a collection without pants anymore than a collection without skirts,' laughed Karl Lagerfeld at Chloé.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hyde |first1=Nina |author-link=Nina Hyde |title=Costumes from Classics |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=6 April 1981 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1981/04/06/costumes-from-classics/4f933eb2-a477-4d1d-8086-f59dcb0e142e/ |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...Lagerfeld showed what he called his two-step – a skirt or dress over pants...}}</ref><br />
<br />
===International fame with Chanel (1982–2000)===<br />
[[File:Chanel logo interlocking cs.svg|thumb|right|Lagerfeld is credited with making great use of Chanel's "CC" logo during the 1980s.<ref name="Brit">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Lagerfeld|title=Karl Lagerfeld&nbsp;– German Fashion Designer and photographer|author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica))|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=3 May 2016|access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>]]<br />
In the 1980s, Lagerfeld was hired by Chanel, which was considered a "near-dead brand" at the time since the death of designer [[Coco Chanel]] a decade prior. Taking over the couture there in 1983, Lagerfeld brought life back into the company, making it a huge success<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mulvagh |first1=Jane |title=Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion |date=1988 |publisher=Viking, the Penguin Group |location=London, England |isbn=0-670-80172-0 |page=349 |chapter=1976-1986 |quote=...[E]ven though one of the jackets in the 1984 collection was priced at $75,000, the house could not make them fast enough.}}</ref> by revamping its [[ready-to-wear]] fashion line.<ref name="Vogue">{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/karl-lagerfeld|title=Karl Lagerfeld biography|publisher=British Vogue|access-date=19 February 2019|author=Helen Wigham|date=18 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="Biog"/> Lagerfeld integrated the interlocked ''CC'' monogram of [[Coco Chanel]] into a style pattern for the [[House of Chanel]].<ref name="Brit" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chnl/hd_chnl.htm |title=Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel (1883–1971) and the House of Chanel |publisher=The Met |date=October 2004 |author=Jessa Krick}}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld also changed the Chanel silhouette<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reshaping the Classics at the House of Chanel |journal=The New York Times |date=12 December 1982 |page=116 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/magazine/fashion-reshaping-the-classics-at-the-house-of-chanel.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=The sleeves have been shortened, and the jacket now barely conceals the waistline.}}</ref> that had prevailed since the early 1960s, making it more eighties by padding the shoulder,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reshaping the Classics at the House of Chanel |journal=The New York Times |date=12 December 1982 |page=116 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/magazine/fashion-reshaping-the-classics-at-the-house-of-chanel.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=The...shoulders have been pushed out and padded.}}</ref> shortening and tightening the skirt,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reshaping the Classics at the House of Chanel |journal=The New York Times |date=12 December 1982 |page=116 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/magazine/fashion-reshaping-the-classics-at-the-house-of-chanel.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=The skirt has been narrowed and the hem hiked up to an above-the-knee level.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Givenchy and Chanel Excite Paris |journal=The New York Times |date=19 October 1982 |page=C8 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/19/style/givenchy-and-chanel-excite-paris.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=The Chanel...skirts have been shortened...Now they clear the knees....[T]he skirts are not only short but tight, causing the models to mince and wriggle rather than stride down the runway.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Valentino Shines in Paris Amid Strong French Shows |journal=The New York Times |date=22 March 1983 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/22/style/valentino-shines-in-paris-amid-strong-french-shows.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=Hemlines barely cleared the knee, instead of descending two inches below as the late Gabrielle Chanel preferred and skirts were considerably skimpier.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Ungaro's Bright Palette Lights Up Couture |journal=The New York Times |date=29 January 1986 |page=C1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/29/garden/ungaro-s-bright-palette-lights-up-couture.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=His chief method at the moment is to pull everything as close to the body as is feasible, including the revered suits. Many dresses are so snug it would seem impossible for the mannequins to walk.}}</ref> raising the heel,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reshaping the Classics at the House of Chanel |journal=The New York Times |date=12 December 1982 |page=116 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/magazine/fashion-reshaping-the-classics-at-the-house-of-chanel.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...slingback pumps revamped with a pointier toe and higher, curvier heel...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Givenchy and Chanel Excite Paris |journal=The New York Times |date=19 October 1982 |page=C8 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/19/style/givenchy-and-chanel-excite-paris.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[T]he black-toe pumps have greatly elevated heels...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Valentino Shines in Paris Amid Strong French Shows |journal=The New York Times |date=22 March 1983 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/22/style/valentino-shines-in-paris-amid-strong-french-shows.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=The famous two-toned pumps were there..., though with higher, spindlier heels...}}</ref> and enlarging or miniaturizing the jewelry and purses,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reshaping the Classics at the House of Chanel |journal=The New York Times |date=12 December 1982 |page=116 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/magazine/fashion-reshaping-the-classics-at-the-house-of-chanel.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[T]he quilted handbags stretched to new proportions. And the famous faux gold chains and pearls are poured on with a profusion that even Mlle. Chanel, a prodigious piler-oner of jewels herself, would never have suggested.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Givenchy and Chanel Excite Paris |journal=The New York Times |date=19 October 1982 |page=C8 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/19/style/givenchy-and-chanel-excite-paris.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=The famous quilted Chanel handbag has been enlarged to portfolio size...[N]ever have [Chanel's chains and pearls] been so massive. Rows of gold chains not only hang around the neck, but around the hips and wrists as well.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Valentino Shines in Paris Amid Strong French Shows |journal=The New York Times |date=22 March 1983 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/22/style/valentino-shines-in-paris-amid-strong-french-shows.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[T]he quilted leather handbags...were almost suitcase size.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Ungaro's Bright Palette Lights Up Couture |journal=The New York Times |date=29 January 1986 |page=C1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/29/garden/ungaro-s-bright-palette-lights-up-couture.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[T]he miniaturized quilted Chanel handbags...look hardly big enough to hold a subway token.}}</ref> all controversial moves,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reshaping the Classics at the House of Chanel |journal=The New York Times |date=12 December 1982 |page=116 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/magazine/fashion-reshaping-the-classics-at-the-house-of-chanel.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[T]he reaction of the professional buyers and press was decidedly mixed....Bernadine Morris...said the 'Chanel look has been vulgarized'...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Givenchy and Chanel Excite Paris |journal=The New York Times |date=19 October 1982 |page=C8 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/19/style/givenchy-and-chanel-excite-paris.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[T]he look sometimes appears to be a parody of itself...Quiet, unassuming clothes have been transformed into fairly arrogant styles. The Chanel look has been vulgarized...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mulvagh |first1=Jane |title=Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion |date=1988 |publisher=Viking, the Penguin Group |location=London, England |isbn=0-670-80172-0 |page=349 |chapter=1976-1986 |quote=Many were very critical of...Lagerfeld's brash, showy reinterpretation of Chanel, the most obvious examples being the use of prominent shoulder pads and heavy gilt jewellery – a parody of Chanel's earlier, understated style.}}</ref> especially the short skirts,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mulvagh |first1=Jane |title=Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion |date=1988 |publisher=Viking, the Penguin Group |location=London, England |isbn=0-670-80172-0 |page=398 |chapter=1986 |quote=...Karl Lagerfeld at Chanel almost parodied status dressing,...[showing] miniskirts hung with chains and quilted like the handbags.}}</ref> as Mlle. Chanel had always disapproved of above-the-knee skirts.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Fashion: Stopping the Escalation |magazine=Time |date=5 August 1966 |volume=88 |issue=6 |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,836160,00.html |access-date=12 June 2022 |quote=The miniskirt? 'Dégoütant' [disgusting], snapped Coco Chanel....And so Chanel stayed Chanel, with neatly fitted suits just covering the kneecap.}}</ref> This new direction was actually initiated the year before Lagerfeld took the helm, 1982, when a design team led by [[Hervé Léger]], a Lagerfeld protegé, operated at the house. Lagerfeld is suspected of having influenced Léger's changes.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reshaping the Classics at the House of Chanel |journal=The New York Times |date=12 December 1982 |page=116 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/12/magazine/fashion-reshaping-the-classics-at-the-house-of-chanel.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=The reworking of the revered suit – not to mention the whole collection, which included some pretty suggestive evening gowns – was the work of three former young assistants to Karl Lagerfeld, the Paris-based internationally renowned designer. The chief contributor was 25-year-old Herve Leger...[R]umors persist that [Lagerfeld] was the eminence grise behind it.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Givenchy and Chanel Excite Paris |journal=The New York Times |date=19 October 1982 |page=C8 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/19/style/givenchy-and-chanel-excite-paris.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[I]t has been rumored that [Lagerfeld] had something to do with the ready-to-wear presented this morning as part of the spring and summer showings here. Two former assistants, Herve Leger and Eva Compocassi, are actually credited with the clothes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=Bernadine |title=Valentino Shines in Paris Amid Strong French Shows |journal=The New York Times |date=22 March 1983 |page=C12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/22/style/valentino-shines-in-paris-amid-strong-french-shows.html |access-date=4 April 2022 |quote=...[T]he House of Chanel...is in the hands of two young designers, Herve Leger and Marianne Oudin...Both are proteges of Karl Lagerfeld...}}</ref><br />
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In 1984, a year after his start at Chanel, Lagerfeld began his own eponymous "Karl Lagerfeld" brand with a focus on ready-to-wear clothing.<ref name=VogueBiz19>{{Cite news| last = Banks| first = Libby| title = The Life And Times Of Karl Lagerfeld |work=Vogue Business| access-date = 18 March 2024| date = 19 February 2019| url = https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/the-life-and-times-of-karl-lagerfeld}}</ref> The brand was established to channel "intellectual sexiness".<ref name="Vogue" /> Lagerfeld had signed an agreement with Bidermann Industries USA, giving them ownership and licensing rights to fashion labels he produced.<ref name=NYT83>{{cite news |last1=|first1= |title=Bidermann Pact |work=New York Times |date=2 December 1983 |access-date=18 March 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/02/business/bidermann-pact.html}}</ref> Lagerfeld ended the agreement with Bidermann in 1989.<ref name="WWD19">{{Cite news| last = Socha| first = Miles| title = Karl Lagerfeld Dies in Paris| work = Women's Wear Daily| access-date = 18 March 2024| date = 19 February 2019| url = https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/karl-lagerfeld-dies-in-paris-1203034873/}}</ref> That same year, Lagerfeld launched two Karl Lagerfeld brand menswear lines.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Stangenes| first = Sharon| title = Following Suits | work =Chicago Tribune|date = 22 February 1989| access-date = 18 March 2024| url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-02-22-8903070514-story.html}}</ref> The Lagerfeld label was then purchased by the [[Revillon Frères|Cora Revillon Group]],<ref name=NYT1992>{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Bernadine |title=In Paris, Lagerfeld Stole the Spotlight |work=The New York Times |date=31 March 1992 |via=Nexis |quote=By the next showing season, Mr. Lagerfeld said he would probably be presenting a third line in Paris. The company that bears his name, owned by Cora-Revillon, is expected to be bought soon by Dunhill Holdings, which owns Chloe. Only the details have to be worked out.}}</ref> which had previously reached an agreement to manufacture and market Karl Lagerfeld-branded products.<ref name=Sones1987>{{cite news |last=Sones |first=Melissa |title=Keeping up with Karl |work=United Press International |date=8 December 1987 |via=Nexis |quote=In addition to producing furs, Revillon will manufacture and market all products with the Karl Lagerfeld label except fragrance.}}</ref><br />
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In 1992, Dunhill Holdings—part of the [[Richemont|Vendôme Luxury Group]]—acquired the Karl Lagerfeld brand from Cora-Revillon for an estimated $30&nbsp;million.<ref name=Redburn>{{cite news |last1=Redburn |first1=Tom |title=Dunhill Steps Out in Style With Lagerfeld |date=2 June 1992 |access-date=15 March 2024 |work=International Herald Tribune |via=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/02/business/worldbusiness/IHT-dunhill-steps-out-in-style-with-lagerfeld.html}}</ref><ref name="WWD19"/> The acquisition was part of the agreement the company made with Lagerfeld for him to return to designing for the fashion house [[Chloé]].<ref name=WWD19/> Vendôme retained ownership of the brand for five years, until 1997, when it sold the brand back to Lagerfeld for a "symbolic one franc", following the end of his contract with Chloé.<ref name=Fallon>{{Cite news| last = Fallon| first = James| title = Vendome Sale of Lagerfeld is Confirmed| work = Women's Wear Daily| access-date = 18 March 2024| date = 25 June 1997| url = https://wwd.com/feature/article-1114400-1784217/}}</ref> Lagerfeld stated that Vendôme "had not hired the right people to manage it."<ref name=Fallon/><br />
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Lagerfeld flourished in the plethora of historical revivals of the eighties, from the shoulder-padded 1940s–50s revivals beginning in 1978 and continuing through the eighties, to the 1950s pouf skirts, 1860s crinolines, and hoops of the mid-eighties, now often showgirl-short.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mulvagh |first1=Jane |title=Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion |date=1988 |publisher=Viking, the Penguin Group |location=London, England |isbn=0-670-80172-0 |pages=396–397 |chapter=1986 |quote=Chanel's tutu: black silk organza pleats over frilly tulle petticoats.}}</ref> Lagerfeld participated in it all, for both his namesake line and Chanel. In 1986, he marked the move away from broad shoulders by removing pads from the shoulders and placing them visibly on the outside of the hips.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cunningham |first1=Bill |title=Bright Spring Fashion Takes a Brave New Direction |journal=Details |date=1 March 1986 |volume=IV |issue=8 |page=116 |location=New York, NY |issn=0740-4921 |quote=...[A]t Karl Lagerfeld, shoulder pads were removed from the shoulders and moved down to the hips...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Finley |editor1-first=Ruth |editor-link=Ruth Finley |title=Spring/Summer Paris Collection Highlights |journal=Fashion International |date=1 December 1985 |volume=XIV |issue=3 |page=2 |location=New York, NY, USA |quote=By moving shoulder pads to the top of the hip, Lagerfeld suggests the first major structural change in fashion for quite some time...}}</ref><br />
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===Later career (2001–2019)===<br />
====Fashion====<br />
[[File:Karl Lagerfeld Cannes.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Lagerfeld at the [[2007 Cannes Film Festival]]]]<br />
In December 2006, Lagerfeld announced the launch of a new collection for men and women dubbed K Karl Lagerfeld, which included fitted T-shirts and a wide range of jeans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://designer.denim.in.th/article.php/Karl-Lagerfeld-Launches-Denim-Collection |title=Karl Lagerfeld Launches New Denim Collection |publisher=Designer Denim News |date=1 January 2007 |access-date=8 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814132313/http://designer.denim.in.th/article.php/Karl-Lagerfeld-Launches-Denim-Collection |archive-date=14 August 2011}}</ref> In September 2010, the Couture Council of The Museum at the [[Fashion Institute of Technology]] presented Lagerfeld with an award created for him, The Couture Council Fashion Visionary Award, at a benefit luncheon at [[Avery Fisher Hall]], in New York City.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=2010 Couture Council Fashion Visionary Award: Karl Lagerfeld |url=http://www.fitnyc.edu/8693.asp |work=Museum at FIT |access-date=8 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828174730/http://www.fitnyc.edu/8693.asp |archive-date=28 August 2011}}</ref> In November 2010, Lagerfeld and Swedish crystal manufacturer [[Orrefors Glasbruk|Orrefors]] announced a collaboration to design a crystal art collection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scandinaviandesign.com/orrefors/2010/101110.htm |title=Orrefors och Karl Lagerfeldt inleder designsamarbete |publisher=Orrefors |date=10 November 2010 |access-date=8 September 2011}}</ref> The first collection was launched in spring 2011, called Orrefors by Karl Lagerfeld.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/06/08/karl-lagerfeld-glassware-collection-for-orrefors |title=Raise A Glass |first=Lauren |last=Milligan |date=8 June 2011 |newspaper=Vogue |access-date=8 September 2011}}</ref><br />
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In 2012 Lagerfeld released his [[photo-book]] ''The Little Black Jacket'' which featured entertainers, models, and friends of his.<ref name="Pitcher Thompson Brammer Ware 2012">{{cite web | last1=Pitcher | first1=Laura | last2=Thompson | first2=Catherine | last3=Brammer | first3=J.P. | last4=Ware | first4=Asia Milia | last5=Cowles | first5=Charlotte | last6=Lange | first6=Maggie | last7=Cox | first7=Ana Marie | last8=Chapin | first8=Angelina | title=First Looks: See Kanye West, Linda Evangelista, Lauren Hutton, and More Wearing Chanel's Little Black Jacket | website=The Cut | date=6 June 2012 | url=https://www.thecut.com/2012/06/first-looks-chanels-little-black-jacket-book.html | access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref> In 2014, Palm Beach Modern Auctions announced that many of Lagerfeld's early sketches for the House of Tiziani in Rome would be sold.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karl Lagerfeld's early fashion sketches to be auctioned |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/karl-lagerfelds-early-fashion-sketches-668213 |work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bergin |first=Olivia |title=Early sketches by Karl Lagerfeld go up for auction in Florida |url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10546695/Early-sketches-by-Karl-Lagerfeld-go-up-for-auction-in-Florida.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=2 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104010032/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10546695/Early-sketches-by-Karl-Lagerfeld-go-up-for-auction-in-Florida.html |archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref><br />
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Because his designs changed depending on which fashion house he was working for, designers such as [[Anna Sui]] and [[Clare Waight Keller]] praised his "chameleon-like versatility".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/karl-lagerfeld-experts-describe-legacy-11033935/|title=Karl Lagerfeld: In Their Own Words|first1=W. W. D.|last1=Staff|date=24 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20190220-seven-of-karl-lagerfelds-most-iconic-moments|title=Seven of Karl Lagerfeld's most iconic moments|first=Liza|last=Foreman|website=www.bbc.com}}</ref> In November 2015, Karl Lagerfeld was presented with the Outstanding Achievement Award at the [[British Fashion Awards]]. [[Anna Wintour]], Editor in Chief of American ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', presented the award.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ronan |first=Alex |title=Anna Wintour Wants To Be Karl Lagerfeld's Cat |url=https://www.thecut.com/2015/11/anna-wintour-wants-to-be-karl-lagerfelds-cat.html |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=The Cut |date=25 November 2015 |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
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=====Collaborations=====<br />
Karl Lagerfeld was well known for his collaborations with brands and individuals.<ref name=Coscarelli>{{Cite news| last = Coscarelli| first = Alyssa| title = Karl Lagerfeld's enduring influence, beyond fashion weeks| work = CNN| access-date = 7 December 2023| date = 20 February 2019| url = https://www.cnn.com/style/article/karl-lagerfeld-influence/index.html |quote=Lagerfeld blazed the path for collaborations to become the mainstay they are today. Perhaps most memorably, he was responsible for the first of H&M's now hugely popular collaboration series back in 2004. [...] Based on the success of this first capsule collection, which sold out in minutes, Lagerfeld went on to collaborate with watchmaker Fossil, the department store Macy's, makeup brand Shu Uemura and even drinks giant Coca Cola in the following years (offering more affordable and accessible ways to purchase his creations). There's even a Karl Lagerfeld Barbie doll based on the designer's iconic style.}}</ref> Some of his notable collaborations during the 2000s and 2010s include the following:<br />
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*In 2002, Lagerfeld asked [[Renzo Rosso]], the founder of [[Diesel (brand)|Diesel]], to collaborate with him on a special denim collection for the Lagerfeld Gallery brand.<ref>Tungate, Mark: "Fifty". Gestalten Verlag; 2005. {{ISBN|978-3-89955-095-5}}</ref> The collection, Lagerfeld Gallery by Diesel, was designed by Lagerfeld and produced by Diesel<ref name="pop">{{cite web |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2002/05/10/pop-goes-the-diesel |title=Pop Goes the Diesel |date=10 May 2002 |work=Vogue |access-date=24 October 2011}}</ref> and then sold in highly limited editions at the Lagerfeld Galleries in Paris and Monaco and at the Diesel Denim Galleries in New York and Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jenny |last=Bailly |url=http://www.fashionwindows.com/beauty/diesel/experimental.asp |title=Diesel Gets 'Experimental' As Lagerfeld Gallery Takes Soho Store by Storm |publisher=Fashionwindows.com |date=9 August 2002 |access-date=1 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027084355/http://www.fashionwindows.com/beauty/diesel/experimental.asp |archive-date=27 October 2013}}</ref><br />
*In 2004, Lagerfeld designed a capsule collection for Swedish fashion chain H&M,<ref name=WMD2004>{{cite news |title=Karl Lagerfeld Loves His H&M |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=18 June 2004 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/karl-lagerfeld-loves-his-h-m-713303/}}</ref> marking the first time a designer had collaborated with the brand.<ref name=Burney>{{cite news |last=Burney |first=Ellen |title=The history of H&M's best designer collaborations |work=Vogue |date=26 May 2019 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/the-history-of-hampms-best-designer-collaborations/image-gallery/a00e15daae83dbfcdc97f01653b53a2f}}</ref> ''Women's Wear Daily'' wrote that the collaboration "had a seismic effect on the entire fashion system: breaking down barriers between luxury and mass; democratizing design in a new way, and foreshadowing an era of rampant collaborations, drops and pop-up concepts."<ref name=Socha2004WWD>{{cite news |last=Socha |first=Miles |title=Seminal Moment: When Karl Lagerfeld Embraced H&M |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=13 May 2004 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/feature/how-karl-hm-collaboration-changed-fashion-1203632077/|quote=The chance to buy $49 blouses and $129 sequined tuxedo jackets from one of the most famous designers on the planet not only unleashed retail pandemonium — it had a seismic effect on the entire fashion system: breaking down barriers between luxury and mass; democratizing design in a new way, and foreshadowing an era of rampant collaborations, drops and pop-up concepts.}}</ref><br />
*In 2010, Lagerfeld collaborated with [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]] on a limited-edition collection of Coca-Cola Light bottles in France. Lagerfeld also shot an ad campaign for the company featuring [[Coco Rocha]] and [[Baptiste Giabiconi]].<ref name=Vesilind>{{cite news |last=Vesilind |first=Emili |title=Coca-Cola debuts Karl Lagerfeld-designed soda bottles, ads |work=Los Angeles Times |date=6 April 2010 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/all-the-rage/story/2010-04-06/coca-cola-debuts-karl-lagerfeld-designed-soda-bottles-ads}}</ref> The redesigned bottles featured a vivid pink cap and a black graphic of Lagerfeld's silhouette.<ref name=Mocha2010>{{cite news |last=Mocha |first=Miles |title=Memo Pad: Coco-Cola... Logs Blogs at Tumblr... |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=5 April 2010 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/business-news/media/memo-pad-coco-cola-logs-blogs-at-tumblr-3022284/}}</ref> Coca-Cola released another set of Lagerfeld-designed bottles in 2011.<ref name=Tatler>{{cite news |title=Karl Lagerfeld Introduces A Designer Bottle, Again |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=25 April 2011 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/homes/decor/karl-lagerfeld-introduces-a-designer-bottle-again}}</ref><br />
*In 2012, Lagerfeld collaborated with Japanese cosmetics brand [[Shu Uemura]] on a holiday makeup collection. Lagerfeld worked closely with the brand's shu artistic director, Kakuyasu Uchiide, to develop the line.<ref name=Stenell>{{cite news |title=Meet Mon Shu: Karl Lagerfeld and Shu Uemura's Iconic, Ironic Holiday Collection |work=Beautylish |date=3 October 2012 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.beautylish.com/a/vcqwg/shu-uemura-karl-lagerfeld}}</ref><br />
*In 2014, Lagerfeld collaborated with [[Mattel]] on a "Barbie Lagerfeld" doll that included fingerless gloves and a tailored black jacket.<ref name=Harper>{{cite magazine |title=Karl Lagerfeld gets his own Barbie doll<br />
|magazine=Harper's Bazaar |date=17 July 2014 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a31193/karl-lagerfeld-gets-his-own-barbie-doll/}}</ref><br />
*In 2016, Lagerfeld collaborated with [[Faber-Castell]] on the "Karlbox", a collection of fine artist tools.<ref name=Ward>{{cite news |last=Ward |first=Maria |title=Karl Lagerfeld Launches a $2,850 Limited-Edition Art Supply Kit |work=Vogue |date=1 September 2016 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/karl-lagerfeld-faber-castell-karlbox-limited-edition-artist-tools}}</ref><br />
*In 2017, Lagerfeld collaborated with the shoe brand [[Vans]] on a collection that included sneakers, jackets, hats, and backpacks.<ref name=Garcia>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Elena |title=Vans And Karl Lagerfeld Launched A Collab Today And OMG! OMG! OMG!<br />
|work=Buzzfeed |date=7 September 2017 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/elenamgarcia/omg-vans-and-karl-lagerfeld-launched-a-collab-today-and-its}}</ref> The next year he created a similar capsule collection for [[Puma (brand)|Puma]].<ref name=Foreman>{{cite news |last=Foreman |first=Katya |title=EXCLUSIVE: Karl Lagerfeld Teams With Puma for Capsule Range |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=5 September 2018 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/feature/exclusive-karl-lagerfeld-teams-with-puma-for-capsule-range-1202782848/}}</ref> The line included Suede sneakers inspired by Lagerfeld's personal style.<ref name=Foreman/><br />
*Lagerfeld was a collector of [[Christofle]] silverware,<ref name=LockwoodMay2023>{{cite news |last=Lockwood |first=Lisa |title=Christofle x Karl Lagerfeld Rare Flatware Set Being Auctioned to Raise Funds for FIT |work=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |date=15 May 2023 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/christofle-karl-lagerfeld-rare-flatware-auction-1235652136/}}</ref> and in 2018 he collaborated with the brand on a limited-edition cutlery set.<ref name=JoelleDiderich2018>{{cite news |last=Diderich |first=Joelle |title=Karl Lagerfeld Partners With Christofle on Limited-edition Cutlery Set<br />
|work=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |date=19 June 2018 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/karl-lagerfeld-partners-christofle-limited-050025784.html}}</ref> Lagerfeld had previously collaborated on a collection of crystal glasses with [[Orrefors]].<ref name=JoelleDiderich2018/><br />
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=====Awards=====<br />
In September 2010, the Couture Council of The Museum at the [[Fashion Institute of Technology]] presented Lagerfeld with an award created for him, The Couture Council Fashion Visionary Award, at a benefit luncheon at [[Avery Fisher Hall]], in New York City.<ref name="auto"/><br />
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In November 2015, Karl Lagerfeld was presented with the Outstanding Achievement Award at the [[British Fashion Awards]]. [[Anna Wintour]], Editor in Chief of American ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', presented the award.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ronan |first=Alex |title=Anna Wintour Wants To Be Karl Lagerfeld's Cat |url=https://www.thecut.com/2015/11/anna-wintour-wants-to-be-karl-lagerfelds-cat.html |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=The Cut |date=25 November 2015 |language=en-us}}</ref> In 2017 he received the John B. Fairchild Award from [[Women's Wear Daily|WWD]].<ref name=WWDLAT>{{cite news |title=Designer Karl Lagerfeld to receive John B. Fairchild Honor |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=24 April 2017 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-wwd-karl-lagerfeld-john-b-farichild-honor-20170424-story.html}}</ref><br />
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=== Final collection ===<br />
The final Chanel collection completed before his death had an [[Alps|Alpine]] theme of après-ski clothing. As Lagerfeld requested not to have any type of funeral, the show only included a moment of silence in his honor and chairs emblazoned with his image next to Coco Chanel with the saying "the beat goes on".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.elle.com/fashion/g26649413/karl-lagerfeld-chanel-final-collection-review/|title=Karl Lagerfeld's Final Collection For Chanel|magazine=Elle|date=5 March 2019|last=Chernikoff|first=Leah Rose|publisher=Hearst Digital Media}}</ref> Although Lagerfeld shunned any emotional reactions around the idea of his death, some models could be seen crying on the runway, as well as audience members.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5544651/karl-lagerfeld-last-chanel-show/|title=There Wasn't a Dry Eye at Karl Lagerfeld's Last Chanel Fashion Show|magazine=TIME|date=5 March 2019|last=Lang|first=Cady}}</ref><br />
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===Other media===<br />
Lagerfeld took up photography in 1987<ref name="Barchfield">{{cite news |last=Barchfield |first=Jenny |date=10 September 2015 |title=Karl Lagerfeld's photos on display in Paris |url=https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2010/09/15/karl-lagerfelds-photos-on-display-in-paris/26936273007/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> after being frustrated with images done for Chanel press kits. Chanel's then-image director, [[Éric Pfrunder]], encouraged Lagerfeld to redo them himself,<ref name="Diderich2019WWD">{{cite news |last=Diderich |first=Joelle |date=5 March 2019 |title=Through Lagerfeld's Lens |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/karl-lagerfeld-career-as-photographer-1203064415/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=[[Women's Wear Daily]]}}</ref> and photography became one of the passions of Lagerfeld's life outside of design.<ref name="Binlot">{{cite news |last=Binlot |first=Ann |date=5 March 2019 |title=Remembering the photography of 'Renaissance man' Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.documentjournal.com/2019/03/chanel-karl-lagerfeld-photographs/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=[[Document Journal]] |quote=One of his passions outside of design was photography; Lagerfeld would often shoot Chanel's campaigns, and he also photographed editorials for magazines like V, Numéro, and Harper's Bazaar.}}</ref> He went on to shoot commercial fashion campaigns,<ref name="Barchfield" /> editorial shots for magazines like ''Harper's Bazaar'',<ref name="Algoo">{{cite magazine |last1=Alexis Fisher |first1=Lauren |last2=Algoo |first2=Jennifer |date=10 February 2019 |title=Karl Lagerfeld's Greatest Fashion Moments in Harper's BAZAAR |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/photography/g26417163/karl-lagerfeld-photography-harpers-bazaar/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |magazine=Harper's Bazaar}}</ref> as well as architectural and landscape work.<ref name="Martinique">{{cite news |last=Martinique |first=Elena |date=22 February 2019 |title=An Homage to Karl Lagerfeld and His Photography |url=https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/karl-lagerfeld-photography |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=Widewalls}}</ref> "I'm an illustrator with a camera", Lagerfeld told ''[[Women's Wear Daily]]'' at a 2010 exhibition of his work at the [[Maison européenne de la photographie]].<ref name="Socha2010WWD">{{cite news |last=Socha |first=Miles |date=15 September 2010 |title=Karl Lagerfeld: Survey of the Kaiser's Work Opens Today |url=https://wwd.com/feature/karl-lagerfeld-survey-of-the-kaisers-work-opens-today-3272166-1266298/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=[[Women's Wear Daily]]}}</ref><br />
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In 1994, German publishing house [[Steidl]] published ''Off the Record'', a collection of Lagerfeld's photography.<ref name=KaiserQuote>{{Cite book| publisher = Abrams| isbn = 978-1-64700-430-9| last = Kaiser| first = Alfons| title = Karl Lagerfeld: A Life in Fashion| date = 8 February 2022 |quote=As a screen-printing specialist with his own in-house printing department, Steidl is an expert in different varieties of paper and printing techniques. He and Lagerfeld met in the early 1990s. The designer once referred to him as 'the best printer in the world,' and was inspired to come up with a lot of new ideas through working with him. Lagerfeld published dozens of photography collections with the publishing house, starting in Off the Record in 1994. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdpNEAAAQBAJ&dq=In+1994,+Steidl+published+Off+the+Record,+a+collection+of+Lagerfeld%27s+photography.&pg=PT309}}</ref> The publishing house went on to release dozens of collections of his work,<ref name=KaiserQuote/> including ''The Little Black Jacket'' in 2012, which featured 113 portraits of models and entertainers wearing the book's eponymous article,<ref name=Lynch2012WWD>{{cite news |last=Lynch |first=Matthew |title=Karl Lagerfeld Fetes 'The Little Black Jacket' in New York |work=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |date=7 June 2012 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/feature/karl-lagerfeld-fetes-the-little-black-jacket-chanels-classic-revisited-5950401-622334/}}</ref> and ''Karl Lagerfeld: Casa Malaparte'' in 2015, which documented the [[Casa Malaparte|Italian Modernist architectural monument]].<ref name=Reynolds2015>{{cite news |last=Reynolds |first=Cory |title=Karl Lagerfeld: Casa Malaparte |work=Artbook |date=5 September 2015 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.artbook.com/blog-featured-image-casa-malaparte.html}}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld and investments enterprise Dubai Infinity Holdings (DIH) signed a deal to design limited edition homes on the island of [[The World (archipelago)|Isla Moda]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bumpus |first=Jessica |date=9 July 2008 |title=Lagerfeld's Designer Homes |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/article/karl-lagerfeld-designs-homes-in-dubai |magazine=[[Vogue (British magazine)|Vogue (UK)]] |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-3345-haute-homes/ |title=Haute homes |author=Arkut, Selin |date=22 July 2008 |work=Construction Week |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> A feature-length documentary film on the designer, ''Lagerfeld Confidential'', was made by Rodolphe Marconi in 2007.<ref name=Holden2007>{{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |title=Chanel's Visionary, Holding Forth From His Designer Throne |work=The New York Times |date=24 October 2007 |access-date=15 January 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/movies/24lage.html}}</ref> Later that year, Lagerfeld assumed the role of the host of the fictional radio station K109 in the video game ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'' and its DLCs ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned|The Lost & Damned]]'' and ''[[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony|The Ballad of Gay Tony]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2008/04/karl_lagerfeld_becomes_a_video_1.html |title=Karl Lagerfeld Becomes a Video-Game Character |work=New York |date=8 April 2008 |access-date=8 September 2011}}</ref><br />
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In 2008, he created a [[teddy bear]] in his likeness that was produced by [[Margarete Steiff GmbH|Steiff]] in an edition of 2,500 that sold for $1,500.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2008/08/get_your_karl_lagerfeld_teddy.html |newspaper=New York |title=Get Your Karl Lagerfeld Teddy Bear for Just $1,500! |date=22 August 2008}}</ref> and has been immortalized in many forms, which include pins, shirts, dolls, and more. In 2009, Tra Tutti began selling Karl Lagermouse and Karl Lagerfelt, which are mini-Lagerfelds in the forms of mice and [[finger puppet]]s, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sassybella.com/2010/01/karl-lagerfelt-the-finger-puppet/ |title=Karl LagerFELT the finger puppet |date=26 January 2010 |publisher=Sassybella.com |access-date=24 October 2011}}</ref> That same year, he had a guest voice role in the French animated film ''[[Totally Spies! The Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premiere.fr/film/Totally-Spies-!-Le-film-1211476/(affichage)/casting |title=Le casting de Totally Spies ! Le film |work=Premiere.fr |access-date=2 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131825/http://www.premiere.fr/film/Totally-Spies-!-Le-film-1211476/(affichage)/casting |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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In 1996, the Zürich-based [[Galerie Gmurzynska]] began exhibiting Lagerfeld's photography.<ref name=Armstrong>{{cite news |last=Armstrong |first=Annie |title=Galerie Gmurzynska to Mount Karl Lagerfeld Photography Survey in Zurich |work=[[ARTnews]] |date=20 February 2019 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/karl-lagerfeld-photography-survey-11944/}}</ref> In 1999, Lagerfeld opened 7L, a bookshop in Paris that specializes in photography collections and visual arts books.<ref name=Socha2023>{{cite news |last=Socha |first=Miles |title=Rebooting 7L, Karl Lagerfeld's Beloved Bookstore |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=2 December 2023 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/7l-karl-lagerfeld-paris-bookstore-chanel-1235926266/}}</ref> In 2000, he launched a publishing imprint, Editions 7L, in collaboration with [[Steidl]].<ref>{{Cite news| last = Socha| first = Miles| title = Karl Lagerfeld Dies in Paris| work = Women's Wear Daily| access-date = 6 December 2023| date = 19 February 2019| url = https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/karl-lagerfeld-dies-in-paris-1203034873/}}</ref> The imprint released books on fashion and photography and also republished rare and out-of-print books.<ref name=WWD19/> The 7L bookshop was reconceptualized after Lagerfeld's death as a space for cultural events.<ref name=Socha2023/><br />
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In 2010, the [[Maison Européenne de la Photographie]] assembled the largest-ever exhibit of Lagerfeld's photography. The show featured selections from his commercial work for Chanel, his celebrity portraits for Vogue and other magazines, and his more abstract landscapes and architectural pieces, including a 2007 series titled "Another Side of Versailles."<ref name=AP2010>{{cite news |title=Karl Lagerfeld's photos on display in Paris |date=21 September 2010 |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.deseret.com/2010/9/21/20142141/karl-lagerfeld-s-photos-on-display-in-paris |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref><br />
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Later in life, Lagerfeld realized one of his boyhood ambitions by becoming a professional caricaturist; from 2013, his political cartoons were regularly published in the German newspaper ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]''.<ref>DW Documentary (2014), 5:35.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/karl-lagerfeld-skewers-angela-merkel-political-cartoon-1048053 |title=Karl Lagerfeld Skewers Angela Merkel in Political Cartoon |author=Reed, Sam |date=12 October 2017 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=21 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215101022/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/karl-lagerfeld-skewers-angela-merkel-political-cartoon-1048053 |archive-date=15 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
[[File:The Prince and Princess of Monaco with Hermann Bühlbecker and Karl Lagerfeld.jpg|right|thumb|Lagerfeld with Hermann Bühlbecker, [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert II]] and [[Charlene, Princess of Monaco]] (2011)]]<br />
In 2013, he directed ''Once Upon a Time...'', a short film starring [[Keira Knightley]] as [[Coco Chanel]] and [[Clotilde Hesme]] as her aunt, Adrienne.<ref>{{cite web |title=ONCE UPON A TIME... A CHANEL STORY BY KARL LAGERFELD |url=https://bellomag.com/once-upon-a-time-a-chanel-story-by-karl-lagerfield-chanel-karllagerfeld/ |website=bellomag.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316080139/https://bellomag.com/once-upon-a-time-a-chanel-story-by-karl-lagerfield-chanel-karllagerfeld/ |archive-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> In June 2016, it was announced that Lagerfeld would design the two residential lobbies of the Estates at Acqualina, a residential development in Miami's [[Sunny Isles Beach, Florida|Sunny Isles Beach]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://estatesatacqualina.com/karl-lagerfeld-to-design-the-lobbies-of-brand-new-development-the-estates-at-acqualina/ |title=Karl Lagerfeld to design the lobbies of brand new development: The Estates at Acqualina {{!}} The Estates at Acqualina|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194716/http://estatesatacqualina.com/karl-lagerfeld-to-design-the-lobbies-of-brand-new-development-the-estates-at-acqualina/|archive-date=1 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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In 2016, [[Palazzo Pitti]] hosted another exhibition of Karl Lagerfeld's photography<ref name=Eckardt>{{cite news |last=Eckardt |first=Steph |title=At Pitti Uomo, Never-Before-Seen Photographs by Karl Lagerfeld |work=[[W (magazine)|W]] |date=14 June 2016 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/karl-lagerfeld-pitti-uomo-exhibition-visions-of-fashion}}</ref> that included portraits and photos from fashion shoots, all inspired by classical mythology.<ref name=Fondazione>{{cite web |title=Karl Lagerfeld: Visions of Fashion |work=[[Google Arts & Culture]] |date=14 June 2016 |access-date=9 January 2024 |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/karl-lagerfeld-visions-of-fashion-fondazione-pitti-discovery/bgWBWfTxTt8dIA?hl=en}}</ref><br />
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In October 2018, Lagerfeld in collaboration with Carpenters Workshop Gallery launched an art collection of functional sculptures titled Architectures. Sculptures were made of Arabescato Fantastico, a rare vibrant white marble with dark gray veins and black [[Nero Marquina]] marble with milky veins. Inspired by antiquity and referred to as modern mythology the ensemble consists of gueridons, tables, lamps, consoles, fountains and mirrors.<ref>[http://www.communicart.fr/en/karl-lagerfelds-first-ever-sculptural-works-exhibition-carpenters-workshop-gallery-paris Karl Lagerfelds first eversculptutal exhibition] communicart.fr. Retrieved 19 February 2019 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012134715/https://www.communicart.fr/en/karl-lagerfelds-first-ever-sculptural-works-exhibition-carpenters-workshop-gallery-paris |date=12 October 2018}}</ref><br />
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In 2019, following the news of Lagerfeld's death, [[Galerie Gmurzynska]] mounted a retrospective exhibition highlighting the past three decades of his work.<ref name=Armstrong/><br />
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== Death ==<br />
After health complications in January 2019, Lagerfeld was admitted to the [[American Hospital of Paris]] in Parisian suburb [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]] on 18 February. He died there the following morning from complications of [[prostate cancer]].<ref name="MilesSochaFeb20232">{{cite news |last=Socha |first=Miles |date=February 17, 2023 |title=Unpacking the Life and Times of Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/karl-lagerfeld-biography-new-book-middleton-harper-1235509527/ |access-date=January 15, 2024 |work=[[Women's Wear Daily]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 February 2019 |title=Karl Lagerfeld, iconic Chanel fashion designer, dies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-47293612 |work=BBC News}}</ref> He requested no formal funeral, with plans for cremation and ashes spread at secret locations alongside his mother as well as his late partner, Jacques de Bascher.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 July 2017 |title=Jacques de Bascher, a truly naughty boy |url=https://parisdiarybylaure.com/jacques-de-bascher-truly-naughty-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=parisdiarybylaure.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Millington |first=Alison |date=8 March 2018 |title=In an interview a year before his death, Karl Lagerfeld said he'd had 'every test under the sun and they can't find anything wrong' |url=https://www.thisisinsider.com/karl-lagerfeld-death-interview-funeral-plans-heir-to-fortune-2019-2 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=INSIDER}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl Lagerfeld Will Be Cremated and Will Not Have a Funeral Ceremony |url=https://people.com/style/karl-lagerfeld-funeral-ceremony-ashes-cremated/ |website=Peoplemag}}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld was memorialized on 20 June 2019 at the [[Grand Palais]] with "Karl For Ever", a celebration of the designer's life, which featured a career retrospective highlighting his tenures at Chloé, Fendi, and Chanel, along with his work for his eponymous Karl Lagerfeld brand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2019 |title=Karl For Ever: In Paris, the Fashion Industry Pays Tribute to Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/karl-lagerfeld-grand-palais-tribute |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Vogue |language=en |quote=The walls of the Palais were lined with towering black and white portraits of Lagerfeld, from his youthful entry into Paris as the young German winner of the Woolmark Prize in 1954, through every phase of his climb, through Chloé in the '70s, Fendi, Chanel, and his own Karl Lagerfeld brand, to becoming the most famous fashion personality on the planet.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fashionista |date=20 June 2019 |title=Chanel and Fendi Pay Tribute to Karl Lagerfeld With a Joint Memorial Event in Paris |url=https://fashionista.com/2019/06/karl-lagerfeld-memorial-chanel-fendi-tribute |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Fashionista |language=en}}</ref> The 90-minute tribute was attended by 2,500 guests. Nearly 60 gigantic portraits were on view within the pavilion, which has hosted many Chanel runway collections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2019 |title=Tilda Swinton, Helen Mirren and More Pay Tribute to Karl Lagerfeld in Paris Memorial Celebration |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/starry-karl-ever-service-paris-pays-tribute-karl-lagerfeld-1220223 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> The ceremony also included readings and musical performances by [[Tilda Swinton]], [[Cara Delevingne]], [[Helen Mirren]], [[Pharrell Williams]], and [[Lang Lang]]. The production was staged by theater and opera director [[Robert Carsen]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Horyn |first=Cathy |date=21 June 2019 |title=Inside the Spectacular Tribute for Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.thecut.com/2019/06/karl-lagerfeld-memorial-tribute-paris.html |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=The Cut |language=en}}</ref><br />
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The exhibition “Lagerfeld: The Chanel Shows” of [[Simon Procter]] was shown in [[London]], [[Paris]], [[Dubai]], [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]] and [[Miami]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Emily |date=18 October 2019 |title=Capturing the ambitious beauty of Karl Lagerfeld’s Chanel shows |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/chanel-karl-lagerfeld-shows-simon-procter-photography/index.html |access-date=12 November 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Garrigues |first=Manon |date=16 September 2019 |title=Why the „Lagerfeld, the Chanel Shows“ exhibition in Paris is a must-see |url=https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/article/why-the-lagerfeld-the-chanel-shows-exhibition-in-paris-is-a-must-see |access-date=12 November 2024 |website=vogue |language=en}}</ref><br />
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In February 2020, Eden Gallery honored Lagerfeld with an exhibition which explored sculptures and paintings inspired by his work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl Lagerfeld Tribute |url=https://www.eden-gallery.com/news/karl-lagerfeld-tribute |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Eden Gallery}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
Lagerfeld was recognized for his signature white hair, black sunglasses, fingerless gloves, and high, starched [[detachable collar]]s.<ref>''Lagerfeld Confidential'', 2007.</ref><br />
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In 1972, Lagerfeld began a relationship with French aristocrat and socialite [[Jacques de Bascher]], though he maintained that it was never sexual.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Drake |first=Alicia |url=http://archive.org/details/beautifulfall00alic |title=The Beautiful Fall: Fashion, Genius, and Glorious Excess in 1970's Paris |date=2007 |publisher=Back Bay Books |others= |isbn=978-0-316-00185-4 |location=New York |pages=134-135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaiser |first=Alfons |url=http://archive.org/details/karllagerfeldlif0000alfo |title=Karl Lagerfeld: A Life in Fashion |date=2023 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |others= |isbn=978-0-500-29753-7 |location=London |pages=171, 174}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/karl-lagerfeld-jacques-de-bascher-romance-14024|title=Karl Lagerfeld Speaks About His Ex-Boyfriend in a Rare Personal Interview|last=O'Neill|first=Grace|magazine=Harper's BAZAAR|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> "I infinitely loved that boy", Lagerfeld said of de Bascher, "but I had no physical contact with him. Of course, I was seduced by his physical charm".<ref name=":0" /> When de Bascher had an affair with the couturier [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]], Saint Laurent's business partner and former lover [[Pierre Bergé]] accused Lagerfeld of being behind a gambit to destabilize the rival fashion house.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://wwd.com/eye/people/book-karl-lagerfeld-jacques-de-bascher-yves-saint-laurentnion-10959173/|title=New Book Sheds Light on Karl Lagerfeld's Troubled Companion|last1=Diderich|first1=Joelle|date=10 August 2017|website=Women's Wear Daily|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> Jacques de Bascher died of [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] in 1989, with Lagerfeld remaining at his bedside throughout the final stages of his illness. After Lagerfeld's death, tabloids reported that he was to be cremated and his ashes mixed with those of de Bascher, which Lagerfeld kept in an urn, or with those of his mother.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inquisitr.com/5305578/karl-lagerfelds-ashes-to-be-mixed-with-those-of-his-partner-jacques-de-bascher/|title=Karl Lagerfeld's Ashes To Be Mixed With Those of His Partner Jacques de Bascher|date=20 February 2019|website=The Inquisitr|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2019/02/20/karl-lagerfeld-les-derniers-jours-d-un-monstre-sacre_5425655_3382.html|title=Karl Lagerfeld, les derniers jours d'un monstre sacré|date=20 February 2019|access-date=20 February 2019|language=fr}}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld lived in numerous homes over the years: an apartment in the [[Rue de l'Université (Paris)|Rue de l'Université]] in Paris, decorated in the [[Art Deco style]] (1970s); the 18th-century Chateau de Penhoët in [[Brittany]], decorated in the [[Rococo]] style (1970s to 2000); an apartment in [[Monte Carlo]] decorated until 2000 in 1980s [[Memphis Group|Memphis style]] (from the early 1980s); the Villa Jako in Blankenese in [[Hamburg]], decorated in the Art Deco style (mid-1990s to 2000); the [[Villa La Vigie, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Villa La Vigie]] in France (the 1990s to 2000), a 17th-century mansion (''hôtel particulier'') in the Rue de l'Université in Paris, decorated in the Rococo and other styles (1980s to the 2000s); an apartment in [[Manhattan]], although he never moved into or decorated it (2006 to 2012); the summer villa El Horria in [[Biarritz]], decorated in the modern style (1990s–2006); and a house dating from the 1840s in [[Vermont]] (from the 2000s). From 2007, Lagerfeld owned an 1820s house in Paris in [[Quai Voltaire]] decorated in modern and Art Deco style.<ref name="nytimes.com" /><br />
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A spread with pictures inside Lagerfeld's apartments in Paris and Monaco was published in ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vogue.com/article/karl-lagerfeld-interiors-from-the-archives | title=Inside Karl Lagerfeld's Many Luxurious Homes | work=Vogue | date=21 February 2019 | access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> He also revealed his vast collection of [[Suzanne Belperron]]'s pins and brooches. He used the color of one of her blue [[chalcedony]] rings as the starting point for the [[Chanel]] spring/summer 2012 collection.<ref>{{cite news |title=Daily AD – "The aesthete : collecting the singular jewelry of french designer Suzanne Belperron |last1=Ownens |first1=Mitchell |url=http://www.architecturaldigest.com/blogs/the-aesthete/2012/05/suzanne-belperron-sothebys-sale |newspaper=AD / Architectural Digest |date=May 2012 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |access-date=7 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403194938/http://www.architecturaldigest.com/blogs/the-aesthete/2012/05/suzanne-belperron-sothebys-sale |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld owned a red point [[Birman]] cat named [[Choupette]], which, in June 2013, he indicated he would marry, if it were legal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Julie|date=6 June 2013|title="Karl Lagerfeld Would Marry His Cat Choupette If It Were Legal"|magazine=Vanity Fair|publisher=Condé Nast|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2013/05/karl-lagerfeld-choupette-marry|access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> According to reports, the designer included the feline in his will from 2015, and bequeathed US$1.5&nbsp;million dollars for its care and maintenance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl Lagerfeld's cat to inherit a fortune, but may not be richest pet |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/karl-lagerfeld-dies-leaves-cat-choupette-inheritance-but-may-not-be-richest-pet/ |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=21 February 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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===Weight loss===<br />
Lagerfeld lost {{Convert|42|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karl Lagerfeld (Fashion Designer) – Birthday Timeline, Net Worth, Salary|url=https://www.thecelebritybirthdays.com/karl-lagerfeld|access-date=10 September 2020|website=Celebrity Birthdays|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> He explained: "I suddenly wanted to dress differently, to wear clothes designed by [[Hedi Slimane]]. ... But these fashions, modeled by very, very slim boys—and not men my age—required me to lose at least 40&nbsp;kg. It took me exactly 13 months". The diet was created specially for him by Jean-Claude Houdret, which led to a book called ''The Karl Lagerfeld Diet''. He promoted it on ''[[Larry King Live]]'' and other television shows.<ref name="The Karl Lagerfeld Diet" /><br />
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===Book collecting===<br />
Lagerfeld was a passionate book collector and amassed one of the largest personal libraries in the world. According to the Rare Book Hub, he was quoted as saying: "Today, I only collect books; there is no room left for something else. If you go to my house, I'll have you walk around the books. I ended up with a library of 300,000. It's a lot for an individual".<ref>{{cite web |last=Stillman |first=Michael |title= Karl Lagerfeld, Fashion Designer, Book Collector Extraordinaire, Dies |website=rarebookhub.com |date=March 2019 |url=https://www.rarebookhub.com/articles/2580?id=2580 |access-date= 23 August 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Death, tributes, and retrospectives===<br />
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==== The White Shirt Project ====<br />
In July 2019, the house of Karl Lagerfeld announced the development of "The White Shirt Project".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Socha |first1=Miles |date=11 July 2019 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Kate Moss, Cara Delevingne to Create White Shirts Honoring Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/exclusive-kate-moss-cara-delevingne-create-white-shirts-honoring-karl-lagerfeld-1203217872/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=WWD |language=en}}</ref> In homage to its eponymous founder, the project celebrated the late designer's legacy with a collection of reimagined, iconic white shirts.<ref name="vogue.co.uk2">{{Cite web |date=11 July 2019 |title=Karl Lagerfeld's Famous Friends Announce The White Shirt Project in Honour of the Iconic Designer |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/karl-lagerfeld-white-shirt-project |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="farfetch.com2">{{Cite web |title=The White Shirt Project: A Tribute to Karl Lagerfeld Exclusively Available at Farfetch |url=https://www.farfetch.com/style-guide/drops/karl-lagerfeld-the-white-shirt-project/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=www.farfetch.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld once said: "If you ask me what I'd most like to have invented in fashion, I'd say the white shirt. For me, the white shirt is the basis of everything. Everything else comes after."<ref name="Klerk2">{{Cite magazine |last=Klerk |first=Amy de |date=18 September 2019 |title=The house of Karl Lagerfeld pays tribute to late designer with celebrity collaborations |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a28360235/karl-lagerfeld-white-shirt-tribute/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |magazine=Harper's BAZAAR |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2019 |title=Honoring Karl Lagerfeld with "The White Shirt Project" |url=https://www.whitewall.art/fashion/honoring-karl-lagerfeld-with-the-white-shirt-project |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Whitewall}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2019 |title=Cara Delevingne, Kate Moss And Gigi Hadid Honour Late Designer Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.marieclaire.com.au/karl-lagerfeld-white-shirt-project |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Marie Claire |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
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The global project was curated by Karl Lagerfeld's then Style Advisor [[Carine Roitfeld]] and featured designs from Cara Delevingne, [[Kate Moss]], [[Tommy Hilfiger]], [[Diane Kruger]], [[Takashi Murakami]], [[Amber Valletta]], and British street artist [[Endless (artist)|Endless]], amongst others.<ref name="Klerk2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Socha |first1=Miles |date=16 September 2019 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Karl Lagerfeld Tribute Shirts Feature Tattoos, Handwritten Messages |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/exclusive-karl-lagerfeld-tribute-shirts-first-look-photos-1203270657/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=WWD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl For Ever: This is How the World of Fashion and Friends of the Designer Paid Their Tribute |url=https://en.vogue.me/culture/karl-lagerfeld-tribute-paris/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=ArtStyleMagazine |date=23 June 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A White Shirt tribute event at Paris Fashion Week featured [[Anna Wintour]], [[Kaia Gerber]], and [[Karlie Kloss]].<ref name="Paton2019">{{cite news |last=Paton |first=Elizabeth |date=September 26, 2023 |title=Karl Lagerfeld Remembered With White Shirts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/26/style/karl-lagerfeld-white-shirt-project-paris-fashion-week.html |access-date=January 9, 2024 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><br />
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Seven was Lagerfeld's favorite number, and as such, seven of the final designs were replicated 77 times and sold for €777 each, with proceeds benefiting a French charity affiliated with [[Paris Descartes University]].<ref name="farfetch.com2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Malley |first=Katie |date=16 September 2019 |title=Your First Glimpse of the Tribute Karl Lagerfeld Shirts Designed By Cara Delevingne, Kaia Gerber And Gigi Hadid |url=https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a29053361/karl-lagerfeld-tribute-shirts-cara-delevingne/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=ELLE |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2019 |title=Celebrities Honor Karl Lagerfeld with "White Shirt Project" |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/white-shirt-project-tribute-karl-lagerfeld/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Highsnobiety |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==== Metropolitan Museum of Art 2023 Costume Institute Exhibition and Met Gala ====<br />
The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] honored the designer with a retrospective of his work with Balmain, Patou, Chloe, Fendi, Chanel, and his eponymous line. The posthumous exhibition, ''Karl Lagerfeld: A Line of Beauty'' spanned Lagerfeld's six-decade career and included more than 150 objects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=Just In: New Details About the Upcoming Met Exhibition, "Karl Lagerfeld: A Line of Beauty" |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/just-in-new-details-about-the-upcoming-met-exhibition-karl-lagerfeld-a-line-of-beauty |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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Chanel, Fendi, Condé Nast, and Lagerfeld's own fashion brand provided support for the exhibition and the accompanying 2023 [[Met Gala]].<ref name="Mukherjee">{{cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Nilam |date=March 9, 2023 |title=Everything We Know About the 2023 Met Gala |url=https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/met-gala-2023-details-karl-lagerfeld-theme-hosts |access-date=January 15, 2024 |work=[[L'Officiel]]}}</ref> The 2023 fête was co-chaired by [[Michaela Coel]], [[Penélope Cruz]], [[Roger Federer]], [[Dua Lipa]], and Condé Nast Global Chief Content Officer, [[Anna Wintour]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feitelberg |first=Rosemary |date=2023-03-22 |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Shares Details About Upcoming Karl Lagerfeld Exhibition |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/the-metropolitan-museum-of-art-shares-details-upcoming-karl-lagerfeld-exhibition-1235592192/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=The Met Museum Reveals Details Regarding Upcoming Karl Lagerfeld Exhibition |url=https://hypebeast.com/2023/3/the-metropolitan-museum-of-art-karl-lagerfeld-a-line-of-beauty-exhibition-details |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Hypebeast}}</ref> [[Pritzker Prize]]-winning architect [[Tadao Ando]] designed the exhibit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=designboom |first=kat barandy I. |date=2023-03-23 |title=the MET announces tadao ando as designer of karl lagerfeld exhibition |url=https://www.designboom.com/design/karl-lagerfeld-tadao-ando-metropolitan-museum-art-met-exhibition-line-beauty-03-23-2023/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=designboom {{!}} architecture & design magazine |language=en}}</ref> Curator Andrew Bolton expounded on the exhibition's inspiration in the April 2023 issue of ''Architectural Digest''. Bolton explained that the tribute would focus largely on Lagerfeld's design process, specifically his sketches, and would showcase both the literal lines of Lagerfeld's drawings as well as the sartorial lines or silhouettes of his works.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-18 |title=Take a first look at the Met's Karl Lagerfeld exhibition design |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/story/tadao-ando-take-a-first-look-at-the-mets-karl-lagerfeld-exhibition-design/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
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==Controversies==<br />
{{Criticism section|date=May 2023}}<br />
There was much controversy from Lagerfeld's use of a verse from the [[Quran]] on three dresses in his spring 1994 couture collection for Chanel, he went on to issue a public apology, and ordered all three dresses to be destroyed via [[burning]]. The controversy erupted after the 1994 couture show in Paris when the Indonesian Muslim Scholars Council in [[Jakarta]] called for a boycott of Chanel and threatened to file formal protests with the government of Lagerfeld's homeland, Germany. The designer went on to explain that he had taken the design from a book about the [[Taj Mahal]], thinking the words came from a love poem.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/25/style/chronicle-979180.html|title=Style – Chronicle|last=Brozan|first=Nadine|date=25 January 1994|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=8 September 2011}}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld was a supporter of the use of fur in fashion, although he did not wear fur and hardly ate meat. In a BBC interview in 2009, he claimed that hunters "make a living having learnt nothing else than hunting, killing those beasts who would kill us if they could" and said: "In a meat-eating world, wearing leather for shoes and clothes and even handbags, the discussion of fur is childish". Spokespersons for [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA) called Lagerfeld "a fashion dinosaur who is as out of step as his furs are out of style",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG4075783/Karl-Lagerfeld-defends-fur-industry-saying-beasts-would-kill-us-if-we-didnt-kill-them.html|title=Karl Lagerfeld defends fur industry saying 'beasts' would kill us if we didn't kill them|last=Adams|first=Stephen|date=2 January 2009|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205042045/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG4075783/Karl-Lagerfeld-defends-fur-industry-saying-beasts-would-kill-us-if-we-didnt-kill-them.html|archive-date=5 February 2012|url-status=dead|location=London}}</ref> and "particularly delusional with his kill-or-be-killed mentality. When was the last time a person's life was threatened by a mink or rabbit?"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/designer_gone_wild_kXUBOMVmTUGpHwB5BVF1KP|title=Designer Gone 'Wild'|last=Delfiner|first=Rita|date=3 January 2009|work=New York Post|access-date=8 September 2011}}</ref> In 2001, he was the target of a [[pieing]] at a fashion premiere at [[Lincoln Center]] in New York City. However, the [[tofu]] pies hurled by animal rights activists in protest [[Fur clothing#Anti-fur campaigns|against his use of fur]] within his collections went astray, instead hitting [[Calvin Klein (fashion designer)|Calvin Klein]]. A PETA spokesperson described the hit on Klein as "[[friendly fire]]", calling Klein, who does not use fur, "a great friend to the animals" and Lagerfeld a "designer dinosaur", who continues to use fur in his collections.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/calvin-klein-pie-faced/|title=Calvin Klein Pie-Faced|date=11 February 2009|access-date=8 September 2011|work=CBS news}}</ref> In 2010, after Lagerfeld used [[fake fur]] in his 2010 Chanel collection, PETA's website claimed: "It's the triumph of fake fur&nbsp;... because fake fur changed so much and became so great now that you can hardly see a difference".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peta.org/b/thepetafiles/archive/2010/03/10/Karl-Lagerfelds-Triumph-of-Fake-Fur.aspx|title=Karl Lagerfeld's 'Triumph of Fake Fur'|date=10 March 2010|publisher=PETA|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-date=23 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023090952/http://www.peta.org/b/thepetafiles/archive/2010/03/10/Karl-Lagerfelds-Triumph-of-Fake-Fur.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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Lagerfeld in 2009 joined critics of supermodel [[Heidi Klum]], following German designer [[Wolfgang Joop]]'s remarks about Klum, who had posed naked on the cover of the German edition of ''[[GQ]]'' magazine. Joop described Klum as being "no runway model. She is simply too heavy and has too big a bust".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.gq-magazin.de/galerien/heidi-klum-nackt-und-ihr-leben-in-bildern-1-jpg/4836/304524|title=Heidi Klum nackt in GQ|access-date=8 September 2011|magazine=GQ Magazine|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030010743/http://www.gq-magazin.de/galerien/heidi-klum-nackt-und-ihr-leben-in-bildern-1-jpg/4836/304524|archive-date=30 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bild.de/news/bild-english/news/german-designer-wolfgang-joop-says-she-is-no-runway-supermodel-7375016.bild.html|title=German designer Wolfgang Joop lashes out at supermodel|date=17 April 2009|newspaper=Bild|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202184241/http://www.bild.de/news/bild-english/news/german-designer-wolfgang-joop-says-she-is-no-runway-supermodel-7375016.bild.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lagerfeld commented that neither he nor [[Claudia Schiffer]] knew Klum, as she had never worked in Paris, and that she was insignificant in the world of high fashion, being "more bling bling and glamorous than current fashion".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bild.de/news/bild-english/news/fashion-designer-says-supermodel-is-too-bling-bling-7423158.bild.html|title=Heidi Klum attacked by Karl Lagerfeld. Fashion designer thinks supermodel is "too bling bling"|date=23 April 2009|newspaper=Bild|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202184246/http://www.bild.de/news/bild-english/news/fashion-designer-says-supermodel-is-too-bling-bling-7423158.bild.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He created an international furore on 9 February 2012, when he called the singer [[Adele]] "a little too fat".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.us/newyork/news/international/2012/02/06/karl-lagerfeld-on-adele-the-greek-crisis-and-m-i-a-s-middle-finger-updated/|title=Karl Lagerfeld on Adele, the Greek crisis and M.I.A.'s middle finger (UPDATED)|publisher=Metro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103231415/http://www.metro.us/newyork/news/international/2012/02/06/karl-lagerfeld-on-adele-the-greek-crisis-and-m-i-a-s-middle-finger-updated/|archive-date=3 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Adele responded that she is like the majority of women, and she is very proud of that.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/adele-hits-back-at-lagerfeld-s-too-fat-comment-1.765361|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730151755/http://www.ctvnews.ca/adele-hits-back-at-lagerfeld-s-too-fat-comment-1.765361|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 July 2012|title=Adele hits back at Lagerfeld's 'too fat' comment|newspaper=CTV News|access-date=20 February 2012}}</ref> Lagerfeld later caused another controversy, on 31 July 2012, when he criticised [[Pippa Middleton]], the sister of [[Catherine, Princess of Wales]], for her looks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9443067/Karl-Lagerfeld-I-dont-like-Pippa-Middletons-face.html|title=Karl Lagerfeld: I don't like Pippa Middleton's face|last=Furness|first=Hannah|date=1 August 2012|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/omg/chanel-designer-karl-lagerfeld-pippa-middleton-article-1.1126515|title=Karl Lagerfeld blasts Pippa Middleton: 'She should only show her back'|date=1 August 2012|work=Daily News|location=New York }}</ref><br />
<br />
His caricature drawing ''Harvey Schweinstein'', that shows film producer [[Harvey Weinstein]] as a pig, was criticised as [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] and [[Dehumanization|dehumanizing]].<ref>[http://schmid.welt.de/2017/11/11/der-mensch-als-schwein-karl-lagerfelds-skandaloese-zeichnung/ Der Mensch als Schwein. Karl Lagerfelds skandalöse Zeichnung]. ''Die Welt'', 11 November 2017. (in German)</ref> He sparked controversy by criticizing German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]]'s [[Wir schaffen das|immigration policy]] during the [[European migrant crisis]] by saying, "You cannot kill millions of Jews and then take in millions of their worst enemies afterwards, even if there are decades [between the events]", and by accusing her to have thereby caused the rise of the party [[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD).<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/fashion-designer-cites-holocaust-in-slamming-merkels-refugee-policy/ Citing Holocaust, Karl Lagerfeld says Germany is taking in Jews' worst enemies]. ''The Times of Israel''. 14 November 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/leute/karl-lagerfeld-hasst-die-bundeskanzlerin-fuer-ihre-fluechtlingspolitik-a-1207160.html Karl Lagerfeld "hasst" die Bundeskanzlerin]. ''Der Spiegel''. 10 May 2018. (in German)</ref> In May 2018, during an interview with French newspaper ''Le Point'', Lagerfeld mentioned that he was contemplating giving up his German citizenship due to the one million Muslim immigrants that had been accepted into Germany by Merkel, a decision to which he attributed the increase in [[neo-Nazism]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=Vanessa |date=17 May 2018 |title=Karl Lagerfeld, Fashion's Shock Jock |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/17/fashion/karl-lagerfeld-renounce-german-citizenship.html |access-date=2 May 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br />
<br />
In a 2019 interview with French magazine ''[[Numéro]],'' Lagerfeld dismissed the [[MeToo movement|#MeToo movement]] and stated, "If you don't want your pants pulled about, don't become a model. Join a nunnery, there'll always be a place for you in the convent".<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=29 April 2023 |title=Why the 2023 Met Gala's Karl Lagerfeld Theme Is Problematic |url=https://time.com/6275632/why-the-met-galas-karl-lagerfeld-theme-is-controversial/ |access-date=2 May 2023 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> He also criticized newly instated regulations in photo studios and modeling agencies enacted to protect young models, stating that they were "too much" and as a designer, "you can't do anything". Lagerfeld also defended stylist [[Karl Templer]], who was accused of sexual misconduct and stated that although he could not stand Harvey Weinstein, his distaste for him was of a professional nature.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reed |first=Sam |date=13 April 2018 |title=Karl Lagerfeld On #MeToo: "If You Don't Want Your Pants Pulled About, Don't Become a Model!" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/style/karl-lagerfeld-metoo-comments-you-don-t-want-your-pants-pulled-don-t-become-a-model-1102596/ |access-date=2 May 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Lagerfeld said in 2007 that his controversial persona was an act.<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite web |date=20 February 2019 |title=The controversial genius of Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-47303921 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><br />
<br />
*<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{Official website|https://www.karllagerfeld.com/}}<br />
* {{cite web |title=Interactive timeline of couture houses and couturier biographies |date=29 July 2015 |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1486_couture/explore.php |publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]] |access-date=7 May 2008 |archive-date=24 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024061100/http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1486_couture/explore.php |url-status=dead }}<br />
<br />
{{Chanel}}<br />
{{Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lagerfeld, Karl}}<br />
[[Category:1933 births]]<br />
[[Category:2019 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century German people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century German people]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hamburg]]<br />
[[Category:Chanel people]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer in France]]<br />
[[Category:Eyewear brands of France]]<br />
[[Category:German fashion photographers]]<br />
[[Category:Gay photographers]]<br />
[[Category:German expatriates in France]]<br />
[[Category:German expatriates in Monaco]]<br />
[[Category:German businesspeople in fashion]]<br />
[[Category:German fashion designers]]<br />
[[Category:German Old Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:High fashion brands]]<br />
[[Category:LGBTQ fashion designers]]<br />
[[Category:German gay artists]]<br />
[[Category:German LGBTQ photographers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century German LGBTQ people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century German LGBTQ people]]<br />
[[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]<br />
[[Category:Lucky Strike Designer Award recipients]]<br />
[[Category:École de la chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne alumni]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gorakhpur%E2%80%93Thiruvananthapuram_North_Raptisagar_Express&diff=500957Gorakhpur–Thiruvananthapuram North Raptisagar Express2026-03-22T09:41:10Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Train in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| name = Gorakhpur – Thiruvananthapuram North Raptisagar Express<br />
| image= Raptisagar Express.jpg<br />
| image_width = <br />
| caption =<br />
| type = <br />
| locale = <br />
| first = {{start date and age|1991|01|01}}<br />
| last =<br />
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone]]<br />
| ridership =<br />
| start = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
| stops = 60<br />
| end = [[Gorakhpur]]<br />
| distance = {{convert|3248|km|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 57 hours 05 minutes <br />
| frequency = Tri-weekly<br />
| class = First AC, 2 Tier AC, 3 Tier AC, Sleeper Class, General<br />
| seating = Yes<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| autorack =<br />
| catering = Available<br />
| observation = Large windows<br />
| entertainment =<br />
| baggage = Available<br />
| otherfacilities=<br />
| stock = Loco: WAP-4/WAP-7<br />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}<br />
| el =<br />
| trainnumber = 12511 / 12512<br />
| speed = Average: 55 km/h<br />
Maximum speed: 110 km/h<br />
| map = <br />
| map_state =<br />
}}<br />
'''The 12511/12512 Thiruvananthapuram–Gorakhpur Raptisagar Express''' is a long-distance Superfast Express train operated by the North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. It runs between Thiruvananthapuram Central, serving the city of Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, and Gorakhpur Junction, serving Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh via [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|title=Raptisagar Express will not come to Jhansi; special trains will be delayed by one day<br />
|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/news/raptisagar-express-will-not-come-to-jhansi-special-trains-will-be-delayed-by-one-day-135236366.html<br />
|website=Dainik Bhaskar<br />
|publisher=Dainik Bhaskar<br />
|date=2025<br />
|access-date=5 January 2026<br />
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gorakhpur News: Gorakhdham and Raptisagar Express will not come to Gorakhpur |url=https://www.amarujala.com/gorakhpur/gorakhpur-news-gorakhdham-and-raptisagar-express-will-not-come-to-gorakhpur-gorakhpur-news-c-7-1-gkp1058-911490-2025-04-24 |website=Amar Ujala |publisher=Amar Ujala |date=24 April 2025 |language=en |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
The Raptisagar Express refers to a set of long-distance express trains operating between southern and northern India. At present, these services run on a tri-weekly or weekly basis between Kochuveli / Ernakulam Junction in Kerala and Gorakhpur/[[Barauni]] in northern India.<br />
<br />
The service was originally inaugurated as Train Nos. 5011/5012, operating between Gorakhpur and Cochin Harbour Terminus, running four days a week under the name Raptisagar Express. Alongside this, a bi-weekly service was introduced between Gorakhpur and Hyderabad as Train Nos. 5089/5090, later renumbered as 12589/12590 Secunderabad–Gorakhpur Express.<br />
<br />
Subsequently, one weekly run of 5011/5012 was extended from Gorakhpur to Barauni, operating as Train Nos. 5221/5222, which later became 12521/12522 Ernakulam–Barauni–Ernakulam Raptisagar Express. Similarly, one weekly run of 5089/5090 was extended to Bengaluru (Yesvantpur) as Train Nos. 5091/5092, now operating as 12591/12592 Yesvantpur–Gorakhpur–Yesvantpur Express.<br />
<br />
In the early 2000s, following the upgradation of these services to Superfast Express status, the train numbers were revised, and Train Nos. 12511/12512 were further extended to Thiruvananthapuram (Kochuveli).<br />
<br />
==Schedule==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" | 12511 / 12512 Gorakhpur–Thiruvananthapuram North Raptisagar Express Schedule<br />
|-<br />
| '''Train Type''' || Superfast Express<br />
|-<br />
| '''Distance''' || 3246 km (12511) / 3246 km (12512)<br />
|-<br />
| '''Average Speed''' || ~57 km/h<br />
|-<br />
| '''Journey Time (GKP → TVCN)''' || ~57 hrs 05 min<br />
|-<br />
| '''Journey Time (TVCN → GKP)''' || ~56 hrs 40 min<br />
|-<br />
| '''Classes Available''' || 2A, 3A, SL, GN, SLR<br />
|-<br />
| '''Operating Days''' || Thu, Fri, Sun<br />
|-<br />
| '''Operator''' || [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]<br />
|}<ref>{{cite web |title=RAPTISAGAR EXP (12511) Train Time Table, Schedule & Details |url=https://www.redbus.in/trains/raptisagar-exp-12511 |website=redBus |publisher=redBus |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Route and halts==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|+'''12511 Gorakhpur–Thiruvananthapuram North Raptisagar Express''' and '''12512 Thiruvananthapuram North–Gorakhpur Raptisagar Express''' Schedule<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Sr.<br />
! colspan="4" | 12511 GKP–TVCN<br />
! colspan="4" | 12512 TVCN–GKP<br />
|-<br />
! Station !! Day !! Arr. !! Dep.<br />
! Station !! Day !! Arr. !! Dep.<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || {{rws|Gorakhpur Junction}} || 1 || — || 06:33 || {{rws|Thiruvananthapuram North}} || 1 || — || 06:35<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || {{rws|Khalilabad}} || 1 || 07:09 || 07:11 || {{rws|Kollam Junction}} || 1 || 07:32 || 07:35<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || {{rws|Basti}} || 1 || 07:35 || 07:37 || {{rws|Kayankulam Junction}} || 1 || 08:18 || 08:20<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || {{rws|Mankapur Junction}} || 1 || 08:21 || 08:23 || {{rws|Haripad}} || 1 || 08:34 || 08:35<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || {{rws|Gonda Junction}} || 1 || 08:51 || 08:54 || {{rws|Ambalappuzha}} || 1 || 08:50 || 08:51<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || {{rws|Barabanki Junction}} || 1 || 10:25 || 10:27 || {{rws|Alappuzha}} || 1 || 09:02 || 09:05<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || {{rws|Badshahnagar}} || 1 || 11:00 || 11:03 || {{rws|Cherthala}} || 1 || 09:24 || 09:25<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || {{rws|Aishbagh}} || 1 || 11:35 || 11:45 || {{rws|Ernakulam Junction}} || 1 || 10:30 || 10:35<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || {{rws|Unnao Junction}} || 1 || 12:40 || 12:42 || {{rws|Aluva}} || 1 || 11:05 || 11:07<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || {{rws|Kanpur Central}} || 1 || 13:12 || 13:17 || {{rws|Angamali}} || 1 || 11:17 || 11:18<br />
|-<br />
| 11 || {{rws|Pokhrayan}} || 1 || 14:15 || 14:17 || {{rws|Chalakudi}} || 1 || 11:33 || 11:34<br />
|-<br />
| 12 || {{rws|Orai}} || 1 || 14:51 || 14:53 || {{rws|Irinjalakuda}} || 1 || 11:44 || 11:45<br />
|-<br />
| 13 || {{rws|Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Junction}} || 1 || 16:45 || 16:53 || {{rws|Thrissur}} || 1 || 12:15 || 12:18<br />
|-<br />
| 14 || {{rws|Lalitpur}} || 1 || 17:48 || 17:50 || {{rws|Wadakancheri}} || 1 || 12:38 || 12:39<br />
|-<br />
| 15 || {{rws|Bhopal Junction}} || 1 || 20:55 || 21:00 || {{rws|Ottappalam}} || 1 || 13:19 || 13:20<br />
|-<br />
| 16 || {{rws|Itarsi Junction}} || 1 || 22:40 || 22:50 || {{rws|Palakkad Junction}} || 1 || 13:45 || 13:50<br />
|-<br />
| 17 || {{rws|Betul}} || 2 || 00:30 || 00:32 || {{rws|Coimbatore Junction}} || 1 || 15:20 || 15:25<br />
|-<br />
| 18 || {{rws|Nagpur Junction}} || 2 || 03:55 || 04:00 || {{rws|Erode Junction}} || 1 || 16:55 || 17:05<br />
|-<br />
| 19 || {{rws|Chandrapur}} || 2 || 06:33 || 06:35 || {{rws|Salem Junction}} || 1 || 17:55 || 18:00<br />
|-<br />
| 20 || {{rws|Balharshah}} || 2 || 07:35 || 07:40 || {{rws|Jolarpettai Junction}} || 1 || 19:43 || 19:45<br />
|-<br />
| 21 || {{rws|Warangal}} || 2 || 11:18 || 11:20 || {{rws|Katpadi Junction}} || 1 || 20:50 || 20:55<br />
|-<br />
| 22 || {{rws|Vijayawada Junction}} || 2 || 15:20 || 15:30 || {{rws|Chennai Central}} (Train Reversal) || 1 || 23:05 || 23:35<br />
|-<br />
| 23 || {{rws|Ongole}} || 2 || 17:28 || 17:30 || {{rws|Gudur Junction}} || 2 || 01:13 || 01:15<br />
|-<br />
| 24 || {{rws|Gudur Junction}} || 2 || 19:48 || 19:50 || {{rws|Vijayawada Junction}} || 2 || 05:35 || 05:45<br />
|-<br />
| 25 || {{rws|Chennai Central}} (Train Reversal) || 2 || 22:40 || 23:10 || {{rws|Warangal}} || 2 || 08:48 || 08:50<br />
|-<br />
| 26 || {{rws|Katpadi Junction}} || 3 || 01:05 || 01:10 || {{rws|Nagpur Junction}} || 2 || 16:30 || 16:35<br />
|-<br />
| 27 || {{rws|Salem Junction}} || 3 || 03:47 || 03:50 || {{rws|Itarsi Junction}} || 2 || 21:55 || 22:05<br />
|-<br />
| 28 || {{rws|Erode Junction}} || 3 || 04:50 || 05:00 || {{rws|Bhopal Junction}} || 2 || 23:40 || 23:45<br />
|-<br />
| 29 || {{rws|Coimbatore Junction}} || 3 || 06:42 || 06:45 || {{rws|Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Junction}} || 3 || 03:35 || 03:43<br />
|-<br />
| 30 || {{rws|Palakkad Junction}} || 3 || 07:55 || 08:00 || {{rws|Kanpur Central}} || 3 || 07:55 || 08:05<br />
|-<br />
| 31 || {{rws|Ernakulam Junction}} || 3 || 10:55 || 11:00 || {{rws|Aishbagh}} || 3 || 09:40 || 09:50<br />
|-<br />
| 32 || {{rws|Alappuzha}} || 3 || 11:52 || 11:55 || {{rws|Barabanki Junction}} || 3 || 10:51 || 10:53<br />
|-<br />
| 33 || {{rws|Kayankulam Junction}} || 3 || 12:48 || 12:50 || {{rws|Gonda Junction}} || 3 || 12:15 || 12:20<br />
|-<br />
| 34 || {{rws|Kollam Junction}} || 3 || 13:30 || 13:33 || {{rws|Basti}} || 3 || 13:30 || 13:33<br />
|-<br />
| 35 || {{rws|Thiruvananthapuram North}} || 3 || 15:40 || — || {{rws|Gorakhpur Junction}} || 3 || 15:15 || —<br />
|}<br />
Note - Only Major Junction is added in this list<ref>{{cite web |title=12511 Rapti Sagar SF Express Train Time Table |url=https://www.railyatri.in/time-table/12511 |website=RailYatri |publisher=RailYatri |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Coach composition==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
! Category !! Coaches !! Total<br />
|-<br />
| Luggage/Parcel Rake (LPR) || LPR || 1<br />
|-<br />
| General Unreserved (GEN) || GEN1, GEN2, GEN3, GEN4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| AC 2 Tier (2A) || A1, A2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| AC First Class (1A) || H1 || 1<br />
|-<br />
| AC 3 Tier (3A) || B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8 || 8<br />
|-<br />
| Pantry Car (PC) || PC || 1<br />
|-<br />
| Sleeper Class (SL) || S1, S2, S3, S4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
| Sleeper cum Luggage Rake (SLRD) (Divyangjan) || SLRD || 1<br />
|-<br />
! Total Coaches || || 22<br />
|}<br />
*Primary Maintenance – [Depot Name]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Railways in Southern India}}<br />
{{Railways in Northern India}}<br />
{{Express trains running through Kerala}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rapti Sagar SF Express}}<br />
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Gorakhpur]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]<br />
[[Category:Express trains in India]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Kollam–Chennai trains]]<br />
<br />
{{India-express-train-stub}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phyllocnistis_cirrhophanes&diff=525454Phyllocnistis cirrhophanes2026-03-21T00:41:32Z<p>Stevenagok: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Species of moth}}<br />
<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| taxon = Phyllocnistis cirrhophanes<br />
| authority = ([[Edward Meyrick|Meyrick]], 1915)<ref name="GTD">[http://www.gracillariidae.net/species_by_code/PHYLCIRR Phyllocnistis cirrhophanes Meyrick, 1915] at the Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera).</ref><br />
| synonyms =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Phyllocnistis cirrhophanes''''' is a [[moth]] of the family [[Gracillariidae]], known from [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref name="GTD"/><br />
<br />
The hostplant for the species is ''[[Alseodaphne semecarpifolia]]''. They [[leaf miner|mine]] the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a spiral. Later, it becomes an undulating gallery under the upper cuticle of the leaf, always confined to the edge of the leaf and producing blackish discolouration.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7188696}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Phyllocnistis]]<br />
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]<br />
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Moths described in 1915]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Phyllocnistis-stub}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ultimate_Fighting_Championship&diff=445138Ultimate Fighting Championship2026-03-15T12:21:55Z<p>Stevenagok: minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American mixed martial arts promotion company}}<br />
{{Redirect|UFC}}<br />
{{Pp-pc | small=yes}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = UFC Holdings, LLC<br />
| trading_name = UFC<br />
| logo = UFC Logo.svg<br />
| logo_size = 240<br />
| type = [[Subsidiary]]<br />
| industry = {{hlist|[[Mixed martial arts]]|[[Streaming media]]}}<br />
| predecessor = <br />
| foundation = {{start date and age|1993|11|12}}<br />
| founders = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Art Davie]]<br />
* [[Bob Meyrowitz]]<br />
* [[Campbell McLaren]]<br />
* [[David Isaacs (businessman)|David Isaacs]]<br />
* [[John Milius]]<br />
* [[Rorion Gracie]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Meltzer |first=Dave |date=April 8, 2009 |title=UFC 6: Wild West |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=dm-ufcsix040809 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]] |access-date=December 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UFC Creator Bwb Meyrowitz Announces New MMAPromotion |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/3629/ufc-creator-bob-meyrowitz-announces-new-mma-promotion.mma |url-status=dead |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=January 29, 2009|access-date=December 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
| location_city = [[Las Vegas]], Nevada<br />
| key_people = {{ubl|[[Ari Emanuel]]<br>([[CEO]], TKO Group Holdings)|[[Dana White]]<br />([[President (corporate title)|president]] and CEO)|[[Hunter Campbell]]<br />([[Chief business officer|CBO]])}}<br />
| revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|1.502 billion}} (2025)<ref name="2025Report">{{cite web|url=https://s202.q4cdn.com/437702206/files/doc_financials/2025/q4/TKO_4Q25-Earnings-Release_2-25-26_FINAL.pdf|title=TKO Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Results|access-date=February 25, 2026|website=TKO Group Holdings, Inc.|date=February 25, 2026}}</ref><br />
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{US$|851 million}} (2025)<ref name="2025Report"/><br />
| net_income = <br />
| assets = <br />
| equity = <br />
| num_employees = <br />
| num_employees_year = <br />
| parent = [[TKO Group Holdings]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://otp.tools.investis.com/clients/us/wwe/SEC/sec-show.aspx?Type=html&FilingId=16853747&Cik=0001091907 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |access-date=September 12, 2023 |title=AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO FORM S-4 REGISTRATION STATEMENT |page=1 |date=August 10, 2023 |quote=...with WWE surviving the merger as a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of [TKO Group Holdings] |archive-date=June 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623233818/https://otp.tools.investis.com/clients/us/wwe/SEC/sec-show.aspx?Type=html&FilingId=16853747&Cik=0001091907 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{efn|[[Vince McMahon]] is the largest individual shareholder, with a 3.25% stake in TKO Group Holdings.<ref name=UpdateBT>{{cite web|url=https://wrestlenomics.com/articles/2024/who-owns-wwe-after-the-tko-merger-and-before/|title=Who owns WWE after the TKO merger (and before)|author=Thurston, Brandon|date=March 13, 2025|accessdate=March 23, 2025}}</ref><ref name="SCHEDULE 14C INFORMATION">{{cite web |title=SCHEDULE 14C INFORMATION |url=https://app.quotemedia.com/data/downloadFiling?webmasterId=90423&ref=317703901&type=HTML&symbol=WWE&cdn=a772878cb281b5da37d4daaffaf6d35e&companyName=World+Wrestling+Entertainment+Inc.+Class+A&formType=DEFM14C&formDescription=Definitive+information+statement+relating+to+merger+or+acquisition&dateFiled=2023-08-22 |publisher=[[NASDAQ]] |access-date=August 25, 2023 |page=248 |date=August 22, 2023}}</ref>}}<br />
| location_country = United States<br />
| area_served = Worldwide<br />
| products = {{hlist|Home video|Live events|Merchandise|Publishing|TV|Video on demand}}<br />
| services = Licensing<br />
| divisions = [[UFC Apex]]<br />[[UFC Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]]<br />[[UFC Fight Pass]]<br />[[UFC Performance Institute]]<br />
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.ufc.com/|UFC.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Ultimate Fighting Championship''' ('''UFC''') is an American [[mixed martial arts]] (MMA) [[promoter (entertainment)|promotion company]] based in [[Las Vegas]], Nevada. It is owned and operated by [[TKO Group Holdings]], itself a majority owned subsidiary of [[Endeavor (company)|Endeavor Group Holdings]].<ref name="TKO">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-12 |title=UFC, WWE ring bell on new TKO parent company: Merger official |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2023/09/ufc-wwe-endeavor-tko-merger-official-stock-exchange-dana-white-vince-mcmahon |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="The Hollywood Reporter">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/wme-img-renames-parent-company-as-endeavor-1047094| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/wme-img-renames-parent-company-as-endeavor-1047094| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=WME-IMG Renames Parent Company as Endeavor|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=April 19, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Kroll">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/wme-img-endeavor-1202584304/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://variety.com/2017/biz/news/wme-img-endeavor-1202584304/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=WME-IMG Renames Holding Company Endeavor|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=October 9, 2017|work=Variety|access-date=April 19, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Endeavor buyout">{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2021/3/31/22361001/endeavor-deal-100-percent-controlling-interest-over-ufc-planned-ipo-elon-musk-board-of-directors| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331220019/https://www.mmafighting.com/2021/3/31/22361001/endeavor-deal-100-percent-controlling-interest-over-ufc-planned-ipo-elon-musk-board-of-directors| archive-date=2021-03-31|title=Endeavor closes deal for 100 percent controlling interest over UFC ahead of planned IPO, Elon Musk joins board of directors|date=March 31, 2021|work=[[MMA Fighting]]|author=Damon Martin|access-date=July 22, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The largest MMA promotion in the world,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gift |first=Paul |date=2022-03-16 |title=UFC Posts Best Financial Year In Company History |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulgift/2022/03/16/ufc-posts-best-financial-year-in-company-history/ |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> the UFC has over [[List of current UFC fighters|578 fighters contracted]] that fight across 11 [[weight divisions]] (eight men's and three women's).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sqaf.club/how-many-fighters-in-ufc-currently/|title=How Many UFC Fighters are There in 2023?|first=Matthew|last=Chandler |date=January 28, 2021 }}</ref> The organization produces events worldwide and abides by the [[Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=LearnUFC.Rules |title=Learn UFC Rules |publisher=Ultimate Fighting Championship |access-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref> {{As of|2025}}, it had held [[List of UFC events|over 750 events]]. [[Dana White]] has been its president since 2001 and CEO since 2023. Under White's stewardship, it has grown into a global multi-billion-dollar enterprise.<ref name="Boice">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dannyboice/2014/04/03/boxer-to-entrepreneur-how-dana-white-became-the-champ-of-mixed-martial-arts/#35791a137e24| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018230033/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dannyboice/2014/04/03/boxer-to-entrepreneur-how-dana-white-became-the-champ-of-mixed-martial-arts/#35791a137e24| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Boxer To Entrepreneur: How Dana White Became The Champ Of Mixed Martial Arts|last=Boice|first=Danny|work=Forbes|access-date=May 12, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
The UFC was founded by businessman [[Art Davie]], martial artist [[Rorion Gracie]], and film director [[John Milius]],<ref>{{cite web |date=April 27, 2012 |title=Royce Gracie's Legacy, BJJ's Relevance on the Decline in Modern MMA |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1163248-royce-gracies-legacy-bjjs-relevance-on-the-decline-in-modern-mma |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1163248-royce-gracies-legacy-bjjs-relevance-on-the-decline-in-modern-mma |archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=November 19, 2012 |website=Bleacher Report}}{{cbignore}}</ref> with the backing of Semaphore Entertainment Group (SEG) CEO [[Bob Meyrowitz]], President [[David Isaacs (businessman)|David Isaacs]], and Head of Programming [[Campbell McLaren]].<ref name="10 MMA Figures">{{cite web |last1=Snowden |first1=Jonathan |title=10 Historical MMA Figures You Need to Know |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1277344-10-historical-mma-figures-you-need-to-know |website=Bleacher Report |publisher=TNT Sports (Warner Bros. Discovery) |access-date=10 November 2025}}</ref> The [[UFC 1|first event]] was held in 1993 at [[McNichols Sports Arena]] in [[Denver]], Colorado.<ref name="Stefano">{{cite news|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/s_630997.html|title=Former UFC champ helps promote Pittsburgh event|last=Stefano|first=Dan|date=June 25, 2009|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|access-date=June 27, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701071321/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/s_630997.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009}}</ref> The purpose of the UFC's early competitions was to identify the most effective [[martial art]] in a contest with minimal rules and no weight classes between competitors of different fighting disciplines. In subsequent events, more rigorous rules were created and fighters began adopting effective techniques from more than one discipline, which indirectly helped create a separate style of fighting known as present-day mixed martial arts.<br />
<br />
The UFC was initially owned by SEG until it had financial issues and it was sold to the brothers [[Frank Fertitta III|Frank]] and [[Lorenzo Fertitta]] in 2001, who formed the company [[Zuffa]] to operate the UFC, and placed Dana White as the president of the company.<ref name="Boice" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2016 |title=UFC sold to WME-IMG in unprecedented deal |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/16970360/ufc-sold-unprecedented-4-billion-dana-white-confirms |access-date=October 1, 2019 |publisher=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, UFC's parent company, Zuffa, was sold to a group led by Endeavor, then known as William Morris Endeavor (WME–IMG), including [[Silver Lake Partners]], [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts]] and [[MSD Capital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/11/business/dealbook/ufc-sells-itself-for-4-billion.html|title=U.F.C. Sells Itself for $4 Billion|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|last=de la Merced|first=Michael|date=July 11, 2016|access-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> for US$4.025 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/cam-newton-ll-cool-j-the-weeknd-and-others-make-major-investment-in-ufc-news.24474.html?|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/cam-newton-ll-cool-j-the-weeknd-and-others-make-major-investment-in-ufc-news.24474.html?|archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC sold to WME-IMG |last=Rooney |first=Kyle |website=HNHH|date=September 30, 2016|access-date=October 1, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2021, Endeavor bought out Zuffa's other owners for $1.7 billion.{{r|Endeavor buyout}}<br />
<br />
With a TV deal and expansion in Australia, Asia, Europe,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/18015/australia-tapped-an-annual-ufc-destination.mma| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223050651/http://mmajunkie.com/news/18015/australia-tapped-an-annual-ufc-destination.mma| archive-date=2010-02-23 |title=Australia tapped an annual UFC destination |work=MMAjunkie.com |date=February 20, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/04/08/dana-white-on-ufc-in-abu-dhabi-afghanistan-and-gsp-vs-silva/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/04/08/dana-white-on-ufc-in-abu-dhabi-afghanistan-and-gsp-vs-silva/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Dana White on UFC in Abu Dhabi, Afghanistan and GSP vs. Silva |work=MMA Fighting |date=April 8, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Stupp |first=Dann |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/20471/ufc-officials-announce-asian-operations-nba-exec-mark-fischer-named-head.mma| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904072353/http://mmajunkie.com/news/20471/ufc-officials-announce-asian-operations-nba-exec-mark-fischer-named-head.mma| archive-date=2010-09-04 |title=UFC officials announce Asian operations, NBA exec Mark Fischer named head |work=MMAjunkie.com |date=August 29, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and new markets within the United States, the UFC has achieved greater [[mainstream media]] coverage. It earned US$609 million in 2015,<ref name="MMAjunkie-2016">{{Cite news|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2016/10/what-investor-documents-tell-us-about-the-ufcs-past-and-its-future| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101121043/http://mmajunkie.com/2016/10/what-investor-documents-tell-us-about-the-ufcs-past-and-its-future| archive-date=2016-11-01|title=What investor documents tell us about the UFC's past – and its future|date=October 31, 2016|work=MMAjunkie|access-date=May 25, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and its previous domestic media rights agreement with [[ESPN]] was valued at $1.5 billion over a five-year term.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mullin|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/espn-ufc-reach-exclusive-pay-per-view-deal-11552939288| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.wsj.com/articles/espn-ufc-reach-exclusive-pay-per-view-deal-11552939288| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=ESPN, UFC Reach Exclusive Pay-Per-View Deal|date=March 18, 2019|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=April 30, 2020|issn=0099-9660}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2023, Endeavor Group Holdings announced that UFC would merge with the wrestling promotion [[WWE]] to form TKO Group Holdings, a new [[public company]] majority-owned by Endeavor, with [[Vince McMahon]] serving as an executive chairman of the new entity and White remaining as UFC president. The merger was completed on September 12, 2023.<ref name="CNBC">{{cite news |last1=Sherman |first1=Alex |last2=Calia |first2=Mike |title=WWE agrees to merge with UFC to create a new company run by Ari Emanuel and Vince McMahon |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/03/wwe-ufc-merger-endeavor.html |work=CNBC}}</ref> In January 2024, McMahon had ended his ties with the company amid a [[Vince McMahon sex trafficking scandal|sex trafficking scandal]].<ref name=byebyevince>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/26/business/vince-mcmahon-resigns-wwe.html|title=Wrestling icon Vince McMahon resigns from WWE parent company after sex abuse suit|first=Kevin|last=Draper|work=New York Times|date=January 26, 2024|accessdate=January 27, 2024}}</ref> In 2025, the UFC signed a 7-year, US$7.7 billion deal with [[Paramount Skydance Corporation]] (operators of [[CBS Sports]] and [[Paramount+]]) beginning the next year, exiting the pay-per-view business entirely.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sherman |first1=Alex |title=Paramount buys UFC rights in $7.7 billion, 7-year deal in first major move post-Skydance merger |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/11/paramount-buys-ufc-rights-skydance-merger.html |access-date=August 11, 2025 |work=CNBC |date=August 11, 2025 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Logo of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (1993–1999).png|thumb|The former logo of the UFC, used from 1993 to 1999]]<br />
<br />
===Early 1990s competition===<br />
[[File:Royce Gracie 2.jpg|thumb|[[Royce Gracie]] used [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] in the early years of UFC to defeat opponents of greater size and strength.]]<br />
<br />
[[Art Davie]] proposed to [[John Milius]] and [[Rorion Gracie]] an eight-man single-elimination tournament called "War of the Worlds".<ref name=sd16>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V83846w3y1Q|title=UFC founder Art Davie on the formation of the UFC (part 1/3)|date=December 23, 2016|work=[[Sherdog]]}}</ref> It was inspired by the "Gracies in Action" video-series produced by the [[Gracie family]] of Brazil which featured [[Gracie jiu-jitsu]] students defeating martial artists of various disciplines such as [[karate]], [[kung fu]], and [[kickboxing]] on [[Vale Tudo]] matches. The tournament would also feature martial artists from different disciplines facing each other in no-holds-barred combat to determine the best martial art, and would aim to replicate the excitement of the matches Davie saw on the videos.<ref name="gentry39"><br />
Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'', Milo Books, 2003, paperback edition, {{ISBN|1-903854-30-X}}, pp. 38–39.</ref> Gracie accepted, as he was interested in showcasing and promoting his family's own jiu-jitsu for a wide audience.<ref>{{cite book |last=Davie |first=Art |title=[[Is This Legal?|Is This Legal?: The Inside Story of The First UFC from the Man Who Created It]] |date=2014 |publisher=Ascend Books |isbn=978-0991275649 |pages=272 |author-link=Art Davie}}</ref> Milius, a film director/screenwriter and Gracie student, agreed to be the event's [[creative director]]. Davie drafted the [[business plan]], and 28 investors contributed the initial capital to start WOW Promotions to develop the tournament into a television franchise.<ref>Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Evolution'', Archon Publishing, 2001, 1st ed., {{ISBN|0-9711479-0-6}}, pages 24–29.</ref><br />
<br />
In 1993, WOW Promotions sought a television partner and approached [[pay-per-view]] producers TVKO ([[HBO]]) and SET ([[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]]), and [[Campbell McLaren]] and [[David Isaacs (UFC Cofounder)|David Isaacs]] at Semaphore Entertainment Group (SEG). Both TVKO and SET declined, but SEG—a pioneer in pay-per-view television that had produced such offbeat events as a tennis match between [[Jimmy Connors]] and [[Martina Navratilova]]—became WOW's partner in May 1993.<ref>Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Evolution'', Archon Publishing, 2001, 1st ed., {{ISBN|0-9711479-0-6}}, page 41</ref> UFC promoters initially pitched the event as a real-life [[fighting video game]] tournament similar to ''[[Street Fighter]]'' and ''[[Mortal Kombat]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Snowden |first1=Jonathan |title=UFC 1, 25 Years Later: The Story Behind the Event That Started an Industry |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2804552-ufc-1-25-years-later-the-story-behind-the-event-that-started-an-industry| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2804552-ufc-1-25-years-later-the-story-behind-the-event-that-started-an-industry| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=[[Bleacher Report]] |access-date=November 5, 2020 |date=November 12, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> SEG contacted video and film art director Jason Cusson to design a fighting arena for the event. Rorion and Davie didn't want a [[Boxing ring|traditional roped ring]], citing fears—by showing old Vale Tudo footage—that the fighters could escape through the ropes during [[grappling]] and use it as an advantage, or fall off and hurt themselves. SEG's executives agreed, and also wanted a way to visually differentiate their event from [[professional boxing]] and [[professional wrestling]]. Some ideas included a traditional roped-ring surrounded by netting, a moat with alligators, a raised platform surrounded by razor-wire fence, electrified fencing, men in togas and netting that could be lowered from the ceiling by a pulley. Eventually Cusson designed an arena with eight sides surrounded by chain-link fence, the trademarked Octagon, which became the event's signature setting.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-05-22|title=The history of the UFC's Octagon|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/8515933/changing-shape-fighting|access-date=2022-01-11|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Cusson remained the group's production designer through UFC 27.<ref name="gentry39" /> SEG devised the show's name as "[[The Ultimate Fighting Championship]]".<ref>Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Evolution'', Archon Publishing, 2001, 1st Edition, {{ISBN|0-9711479-0-6}}, page 29</ref><br />
<br />
WOW Promotions and SEG produced the first event, later retroactively called [[UFC 1]], at [[McNichols Sports Arena]] in [[Denver]], Colorado on November 12, 1993. Art Davie was its booker and matchmaker.<ref>Newport, John Paul, "Blood Sport", ''Details'', March 1995, pages 70–72.</ref> It proposed to find answers for sports fans' questions such as, "Can a wrestler beat a boxer?"<ref>Willoughby, David P., ''The Super Athletes'', A.S. Barnes & Co., Inc., 1970, {{ISBN|0-498-06651-7}}, page 380.</ref> As with most martial arts at the time, fighters typically had skills in just one discipline and little experience against opponents with differing skills.<ref>Gentry, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'', (Milo Books: Preston, 2005), p.73</ref> The television broadcast featured kickboxer [[Kevin Rosier]], [[taekwondo]] practitioner [[Patrick Smith (fighter)|Patrick Smith]], [[savate]] fighter [[Gerard Gordeau]], karate expert [[Zane Frazier]], [[shootfighter]] [[Ken Shamrock]], [[sumo]] wrestler [[Teila Tuli]], boxer [[Art Jimmerson]], and {{convert|175|lb|kg|abbr=on}} Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt [[Royce Gracie]]—younger brother of UFC co-founder Rorion, whom Rorion selected to represent his family. Royce's submission skills proved the most effective in the inaugural tournament, earning him the first ever UFC tournament championship after [[Submission (combat sports)|submitting]] Jimmerson, Shamrock, and Gordeau in succession.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PO0WoldlGN8|title=The First UFC Event Ever {{pipe}} On This Day {{pipe}} November 12, 1993 |via=YouTube |access-date=January 24, 2023|author=Ultimate Fighting Championship|date=November 12, 2021 }}</ref> The show was extremely successful, with 86,592 pay-per-view television subscribers.<ref name=sd16 /><br />
<br />
It's disputed whether the promoters intended the event to be a precursor to future events. "That show was only supposed to be a one-off", eventual UFC president [[Dana White]] said. "It did so well on pay-per-view they decided to do another, and another. Never in a million years did these guys think they were creating a sport."<ref>{{cite web |title=How the Ultimate Fighting Championship Works |url=http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/ufc4.htm| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/ufc4.htm| archive-date=2021-10-18 |first=Jonathan |last=Strickland |work=[[HowStuffWorks.com]] |date=May 2007 |access-date=July 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Davie, in his 2014 book ''[[Is This Legal?]]'', an account of the creation of the first UFC event, disputes the perception that the UFC was seen by WOW Promotions and SEG as a one-off, since SEG offered a five-year joint development deal to WOW. He says, "Clearly, both Campbell and Meyrowitz shared my unwavering belief that War of the Worlds{{efn|The original working title for UFC}} would be a continuing series of fighting tournaments—a franchise, rather than a one-night stand."<ref>{{Cite book|title = Is This Legal?|publisher = Ascend Books|year = 2014|isbn = 978-0-9912756-4-9|page = 104}}</ref><br />
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With no weight classes, fighters often faced significantly larger or taller opponents. [[Keith Hackney|Keith "The Giant Killer" Hackney]] faced [[Emmanuel Yarbrough]] at [[UFC 3]] with a 9-inch height and {{convert|400|lb|kg}} weight disadvantage.<ref><br />
[http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?search=yes&eventid=9 Fight card for UFC 3] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115073910/http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?search=yes&EventID=9 |date=January 15, 2007}}, Sherdog.com. [http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?search=yes&FighterID=38 Fighter profile for Keith Hackney], Sherdog.com. [http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?search=yes&FighterID=39 Fighter profile for Emmanuel Yarborough], Sherdog.com. Last retrieved December 5, 2006</ref><br />
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During this early phase of the organization, the UFC showcased a bevy of styles and fighters. Aside from the aforementioned Royce Gracie, Ken Shamrock, and [[Patrick Smith (fighter)|Patrick Smith]], they also featured competitors such as Hall of Famer [[Dan Severn]], [[Marco Ruas]], [[Gary Goodridge]], [[Don Frye]], [[Kimo Leopoldo]], [[Oleg Taktarov]], and [[Tank Abbott]].<br />
<br />
In April 1995, following [[UFC 5]] in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]], Davie and Gracie sold their interest in the franchise to SEG and disbanded WOW Promotions.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKcGzFRzhI0|title=Art Davie on His Decision to Sell His Stake in the UFC|date=August 21, 2019|via=YouTube|author=Bare Knuckle News}}</ref><br />
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====Tightening up of the rules====<br />
Although UFC used the tagline "There are no rules" in the early 1990s, the UFC did in fact operate with limited rules.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1614213-a-timeline-of-ufc-rules-from-no-holds-barred-to-highly-regulated|title=A Timeline of UFC Rules: From No-Holds-Barred to Highly Regulated|date=April 24, 2013|work=[[Bleacher Report]]|author=Adam Hill}}</ref> In a [[UFC 4]] qualifying match, competitors Jason Fairn and [[Guy Mezger]] agreed not to pull hair—as they both wore pony tails tied back for the match.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-04-25 |title=Mixed Martial Arts promoter tells about his first fight |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2008/04/25/mixed-martial-arts-promoter-tells-about-his-first-fight/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |work=Orange County Register}}</ref> The UFC had a reputation, especially in the early days, as an extremely violent event.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 Marketing Lessons from the UFC |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-marketing-lessons-from-ufc-romu-gaboriau |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=LinkedIn}}</ref><br />
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UFC 5 also introduced the first singles match, a rematch from the inaugural UFC featuring three-time champion Royce Gracie and Ken Shamrock, called "The Superfight".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Paul |title=UFC 5: What happened in the long anticipated rematch between Ken Shamrock and Royce Gracie? |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/mma/ufc-5-what-happened-in-the-long-anticipated-rematch-between-ken-shamrock-and-royce-gracie |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=sportskeeda.com |date=August 2, 2018}}</ref> "The Superfight" began as a non-tournament match that would determine the first reigning UFC Champion for tournament winners to face;<ref>{{cite web |last=Meltzer |first=Dave |url= https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news;_ylt=AnbS9oIfkDYxeule15884RJZEo14?slug=dm-ufcsix040809&prov=yhoo&type=lgns |title=Relive UFC 6: Clash of the Titans |work=Yahoo Sports |date=April 8, 2009 |access-date=April 8, 2009}}</ref> it later evolved into a match that could feature either title matches or non-title matches. The "Superfight" would eventually completely phase out tournament matches.<br />
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On the other hand, the first "Superfight" at UFC 5 was also considered a failure. In the first minute of the fight Shamrock knocked Royce to the ground and landed inside his guard. For the next 30 minutes Shamrock was inside Royce's guard, with the two throwing punches and headbutts at each other but without any change or action, with the crowd booing the fighters. After 30 minutes the fight was stopped as it had exceeded the time limit allocated for the pay-per-view and was given another 5 minutes of extra time due to protests from the spectators. The fight was over after 36 minutes and a draw was declared.<ref name="Brookhouse-2012">{{Cite web |last=Brookhouse |first=Brent |date=2012-04-08 |title=Retro Recap – UFC 5: The Return Of The Beast |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2012/4/8/2933553/retro-recap-ufc-5-the-return-of-the-beast |access-date=2022-05-11 |work=Bloody Elbow |archive-date=August 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806143430/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2012/4/8/2933553/retro-recap-ufc-5-the-return-of-the-beast |url-status=dead }}</ref> Because of this controversial fight, the UFC would later start to introduce time limits, judges to decide draws, and authorized referees to stand up fighters and restart the bout if they have too much inactivity.<ref name="Brookhouse-2012" /><br />
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In 1996, the UFC had its first event outside continental United States with [[UFC 8]] in [[Bayamón, Puerto Rico]], and in 1997, [[UFC Japan: Ultimate Japan]] was its first foreign event.<br />
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==={{anchor|Controversy and reform}}Late 1990s controversy and reform===<br />
The violent nature of the burgeoning sport quickly drew the attention of U.S. authorities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Flegenheimer|first=Matt|title=No Resolution for Mixed Martial Arts|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/27/nyregion/obstacles-in-push-to-legalize-mixed-martial-arts-in-new-york.html?_r=1&ref=mixedmartialarts|access-date=December 31, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 26, 2011}}</ref><br />
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In 1996, U.S. Senator [[John McCain]] saw a tape of the first UFC events and immediately found it abhorrent. He led a campaign to ban the UFC, calling it "human cockfighting", and sent letters to the governors of all 50 US states asking them to ban it.<ref name="Slate">{{cite news|url= http://www.slate.com/id/46344| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050320023155/http://slate.com/id/46344| archive-date=2005-03-20|work=Slate.com|title=Fight Clubbed|first=David|last=Plotz|date=November 7, 1999|access-date=March 21, 2007}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Thirty-six states enacted laws that banned "no-holds-barred" fighting, including New York, which enacted the ban on the eve of [[UFC 12]], forcing it to relocate to [[Dothan, Alabama]].<ref name="gentry106">Gentry III, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'', Milo Books, 2003, Paperback Edition, {{ISBN|1-903854-30-X}}, pages 106, 123</ref> The UFC continued to air on [[DirecTV]] PPV, though its audience remained minuscule compared to the era's larger cable pay-per-view platforms.<br />
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In response to the criticism, the UFC increased cooperation with state athletic commissions and modified its rules to remove the less palatable elements of fights while retaining the core elements of [[strike (attack)|striking]] and [[grappling]]. UFC 12 saw the introduction of weight classes and the banning of [[fish-hooking]]. For [[UFC 14]], gloves became mandatory, while kicks to the head of a downed opponent were banned. [[UFC 15]] saw limitations on hair pulling, and the banning of strikes to the back of the neck and head, headbutting, small-joint manipulations, and groin strikes. With five-minute rounds introduced at [[UFC 21]], the UFC gradually rebranded itself as a sport rather than a spectacle.<ref name=UfcHistory>{{cite news|title=UFC History|date=November 20, 2007|url=http://www.completemartialarts.com/whoswho/ufc/ufchistory.htm|access-date=January 20, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720031419/http://www.completemartialarts.com/whoswho/ufc/ufchistory.htm|archive-date=July 20, 2011}}</ref> The implementation of rules changed the game of many fighters, such as [[Mark Coleman]]; Coleman made potent use of [[headbutts]] for his [[ground-and-pound]] tactics, which was banned with the new ruleset.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Writer |title=Mixed martial arts: Coleman returns; he just can't use his head butt |url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/sports/college/2009/01/15/mixed-martial-arts-coleman-returns/23363365007/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=The Columbus Dispatch |language=en-US |quote=Then there were the rules changes, including no more head-butting, which negatively affected Coleman's talents. Wrestlers once dominated the sport, because they would put opponents on the ground and pound them with hands and elbows. But as limitations on permissible striking areas increased in the late 1990s, the effectiveness of Coleman's "ground and pound" techniques decreased.<br /><br />Suddenly, it wasn't as easy to "take a guy to the ground and pound the (bleep) out of him until he quits," he said.<br /><br />"When they took out the head butt, it made the jujitsu game (a form of ground fighting) more effective. It completely changed the sport so for a while there, I was a little bit lost. As fast as I climbed to the top, I fell to the bottom just as fast."}}</ref><br />
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Led by UFC commissioner [[Jeff Blatnick]] and referee [[John McCarthy (mixed martial arts)|John McCarthy]], the UFC continued to work with state athletic commissions.<ref name=love-grappling>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/blog/mma/post/_/id/14999/love-of-grappling-defined-jeff-blatnick| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://espn.go.com/blog/mma/post/_/id/14999/love-of-grappling-defined-jeff-blatnick |archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Love of grappling defined Jeff Blatnick – Mixed Martial Arts Blog |date=October 26, 2012 |work=ESPN |access-date=November 19, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Blatnick, McCarthy, and matchmaker Joe Silva created a manual of policies, procedures, codes of conduct, and rules to help in getting the UFC sanctioned by the athletic commissions, many of which exist to this day.<ref name=love-grappling/> Blatnick and McCarthy traveled around the country, educating regulators and changing perceptions about a sport that was thought to be bloodthirsty and inhumane.<ref name=love-grappling/> By April 2000, their movement had clearly made an impact.<ref name=love-grappling/> California was set to become the first state in the U.S. to sign off on a set of codified rules that governed MMA.<ref name=love-grappling/> Soon after, New Jersey adopted the language.<ref name=love-grappling/><br />
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As the UFC continued to work with the athletic commissions, events took place in smaller U.S. markets, and venues, such as the [[Lake Charles Civic Center]]. The markets included states that are largely rural and less known for holding professional sporting events, such as Iowa, Mississippi, Louisiana, Wyoming, and Alabama. SEG could not secure home-video releases for [[UFC 23]] through [[UFC 29]]. With other mixed martial arts promotions working towards U.S. sanctioning, the International Fighting Championships (IFC) secured the first U.S. sanctioned mixed martial arts event, which occurred in New Jersey on September 30, 2000. Just two months later, the UFC held its first sanctioned event, [[UFC 28]], under the [[New Jersey State Athletic Control Board]]'s "Unified Rules".<ref>Trembow, Ivan. [http://www.ivansblog.com/2006/07/mixed-martial-arts-new-jersey.html New Jersey Commission Corrects Mainstream UFC Stories]. Ivan's Blog.</ref><br />
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===2001 and the beginning of Zuffa era===<br />
After the long battle to secure sanctioning, SEG stood on the brink of bankruptcy, when [[Station Casinos]] executives [[Frank Fertitta III|Frank]] and [[Lorenzo Fertitta]] and their business partner Dana White approached them in 2000, with an offer to purchase the UFC. A month later, in January 2001, the Fertittas bought the UFC for $2 million and created [[Zuffa, LLC]] as the parent entity controlling the UFC.<ref name=gc22>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkm7kK9pKgI|title=DRUGS, BILLIONS BOXING & THE UFC – Dana White & Grant Cardone |date=December 20, 2022|first=Grant |last=Cardone |author-link=Grant Cardone |via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
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"I had my attorneys tell me that I was crazy because I wasn't buying anything. I was paying $2&nbsp;million and they were saying 'What are you getting?{{' "}} Lorenzo Fertitta revealed to ''Fighters Only'' magazine,<ref name="fertitta-fighters-only" /> recalling the lack of assets he acquired in the purchase. "And I said 'What you don't understand is I'm getting the most valuable thing that I could possibly have, which is those three letters: UFC. That is what's going to make this thing work. Everybody knows that brand, whether they like it or they don't like it, they react to it.{{' "}}<ref name="fertitta-fighters-only">{{cite web|date=March 3, 2009|title=Lorenzo Fertitta Talks Buying UFC With Fighter's Only Mag|url=http://www.mmanews.com/news/82683|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719103106/http://www.mmanews.com/news/82683|archive-date=2011-07-19|access-date=March 27, 2011|work=[[Fighters Only Magazine]]}}</ref> Along with the trademark, they acquired a wooden octagon and around a dozen fighter's contracts. Later on, they negotiated a deal to buy UFC's [[DVD]] rights from [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]] for an additional two million dollars.<ref name=gc22 /><br />
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With ties to the [[Nevada State Athletic Commission]] (Lorenzo Fertitta was a former member of the NSAC), Zuffa secured sanctioning in Nevada in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2008/01/17/zuffa-seeks-retraction-of-statements-by-former-ufc-owner|title=Zuffa seeks retraction of statements by former UFC owner|date=January 17, 2008|publisher=mmafighting.com}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, the UFC returned to pay-per-view cable television, with [[UFC 33]] featuring three championship bouts.<br />
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====Struggle for survival and turnaround====<br />
The UFC slowly rose in popularity after the Zuffa purchase, due partly to greater advertising,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/mma/story/11809856|title=MMA news, fighter profiles and events – Mixed Martial Arts|work=CBS Sports}}{{cbignore}}</ref> corporate sponsorship, the return to cable pay-per-view, and subsequent home video and DVD releases.<br />
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White later said that "Nobody took us seriously, except [[Donald Trump]]. Donald was the first to recognize the potential that we saw in the UFC, and encouraged us to build our business".<ref name="suchitra20240201">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Suchitra |date=2024-02-01 |title=Here's How Former President Donald Trump and UFC Star Dana White Really Became Close Friends |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/sports/mma_ufc/here-s-how-former-president-donald-trump-and-ufc-star-dana-white-really-became-close-friends/ar-BB1hE4Hy |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=The Inquisitr |via=MSN}}</ref> With larger live gates at casino venues like the [[Trump Taj Mahal]] and the [[MGM Grand Garden Arena]], the UFC secured its first television deal with [[Fox Sports Net]]. ''[[The Best Damn Sports Show Period]]'' aired the first mixed martial arts match on American cable television in June 2002, as well as the main event showcasing [[Chuck Liddell]] vs. [[Vitor Belfort]] at [[UFC 37.5]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Stupp |first=Dann |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/2347/chuck-liddell-on-the-best-damn-sports-show-tonight.mma |title=Chuck Liddell on "The Best Damn Sports Show" Tonight |work=MMAjunkie.com |date=May 18, 2007 |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419113918/http://mmajunkie.com/news/2347/chuck-liddell-on-the-best-damn-sports-show-tonight.mma |archive-date=April 19, 2012}}</ref> Later, FSN would air highlight shows from the UFC.<br />
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[[File:WWE - Manchester 040498 (5).jpg|thumb|UFC Hall of Famer [[Ken Shamrock]] was instrumental in the UFC's turnaround into a mainstream sport.]]<br />
[[UFC 40]] proved to be the most critical event to date in the Zuffa era. The event was a near sellout of 13,022 at the [[MGM Grand Arena]] and sold 150,000 pay-per-view buys, a rate roughly double that of the previous Zuffa events. The event featured a [[card (sports)|card]] headlined by a championship match between then-current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion [[Tito Ortiz]] and former UFC Superfight Champion Ken Shamrock, who had previously left to professionally wrestle in [[WWE]] before returning to MMA. It was the first time the UFC hit such a high mark since being forced "underground" in 1997.<ref name="ppvbuys">{{cite web |url=http://www.ivansblog.com/2006/07/mixed-martial-arts-ufcs-pay-per-view.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ivansblog.com/2006/07/mixed-martial-arts-ufcs-pay-per-view.html| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Mixed Martial Arts--- UFC's Pay-Per-View Buys Explode in 2006 |work=Ivansblog.com |last=Trembow |first=Ivan |date=July 13, 2006 |access-date=July 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> UFC 40 also garnered mainstream attention from media outlets such as [[ESPN]] and ''[[USA Today]]'', something that was unfathomable for mixed martial arts at that point in time.<ref name="sports.yahoo.com">{{cite web|last=Doyle |first=Dave |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=dd-ufcforty051209 |title=UFC 40: Signs of life – UFC – Yahoo! Sports |website=Yahoo Sports |date=September 9, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref> Many have suggested that the success of UFC 40 and the anticipation for Ortiz vs. Shamrock saved the UFC from bankruptcy; the buyrates of the previous Zuffa shows averaged a mere 45,000 buys per event, and the company was suffering deep monetary losses.<ref name="sports.yahoo.com"/> The success of UFC 40 provided a glimmer of hope for the UFC, and kept alive the hope that mixed martial arts could become big.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flashback to UFC 40: The Shape of Things to Come|url=http://www.mmamemories.com/2009/05/29/flashback-to-ufc-40-the-shape-of-things-to-come.html |website=MMAMemories.com |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811212810/http://www.mmamemories.com/2009/05/29/flashback-to-ufc-40-the-shape-of-things-to-come.html |archive-date=August 11, 2010}}</ref> Beyond the rivalry itself, the success of UFC 40 was due in part to the marketing and outreach power of crossover athletes – from Pro Wrestling to MMA and MMA to Pro Wrestling – a practice with roots in Japan's [[Pride Fighting Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/news/punking-history| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/news/punking-history| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Punking History| date=August 25, 2016|access-date=September 10, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Long time UFC referee John McCarthy said that he felt UFC 40 was the turning point in whether or not the sport of MMA would survive in America.<br />
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{{cquote|"When that show (UFC 40) happened, I honestly felt like it was going to make it. Throughout the years, things were happening, and everything always looked bleak. It always looked like, this is it, this is going to be the last time. This is going to be the last year. But, when I was standing in the Octagon at UFC 40, I remember standing there before the Ortiz/Shamrock fight and looking around. The energy of that fight, it was phenomenal, and it was the first time I honestly said, it's going to make it." –"Big" John McCarthy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crooklynscorner.com/2011/08/big-john-mccarthy-details-why-he-decided-to-write-his-book/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://crooklynscorner.com/2011/08/big-john-mccarthy-details-why-he-decided-to-write-his-book/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Big John McCarthy details early UFC days &#124; Crooklyn's Corner |website=Crooklynscorner.com |date=August 23, 2011 |access-date=November 19, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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Despite the success of UFC 40, the UFC was still experiencing financial deficits. By 2004, Zuffa had $34&nbsp;million in losses since they purchased the UFC.<ref name="fertittas">{{cite web |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/11/07/magazines/business2/stationcasinos.biz2/index.htm?postversion=2006110809 |title=The ultimate fighting machines |work=CNN|date=November 8, 2006 |first=Joel |last=Stein |access-date=July 2, 2011}}</ref><br />
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====''The Ultimate Fighter'' and the rise in popularity====<br />
Faced with the prospect of folding, the UFC stepped outside the bounds of pay-per-view and made a foray into television. After being featured in a reality television series, ''[[American Casino]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmafacts.com/main.cfm?actionId=globalShowStaticContent&screenKey=cmpNews&show=forbes&s=MMA |title=Mixed Martial Arts |publisher=MMA Facts |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004144209/http://www.mmafacts.com/main.cfm?actionId=globalShowStaticContent&screenKey=cmpNews&show=forbes&s=MMA |archive-date=October 4, 2011}}</ref> and seeing how well the series worked as a promotion vehicle, the Fertitta brothers developed the idea of UFC creating its own reality series.<br />
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[[File:The Ultimate Fighter Logo.jpg|thumb|Logo of ''[[The Ultimate Fighter]]'']]Their idea, ''[[The Ultimate Fighter]]'' (''TUF''), was a reality television show featuring up-and-coming MMA fighters in competition for a six-figure UFC contract, with fighters eliminated from competition via exhibition mixed martial arts matches. It was pitched to several networks, each one rejecting the idea outright. Not until they approached [[Spike TV]], with an offer to pay the $10&nbsp;million production costs themselves, did they find an outlet.<ref name="fertittas" /><br />
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In January 2005, [[Spike TV]] launched ''[[The Ultimate Fighter 1]]'' (''TUF 1'') in the timeslot following ''[[WWE Raw]].'' The show became an instant success, culminating with a notable season finale brawl featuring light heavyweight finalists [[Forrest Griffin]] and [[Stephan Bonnar]] going toe-to-toe for the right to earn the six-figure contract. The live broadcast of the season finale drew a very impressive 1.9 overall rating. Dana White credits ''TUF 1'' for saving the UFC, and claims that the contract for the second season was made outside of the venue on a napkin immediately after the finale.<ref>{{cite web|last=Iole |first=Kevin |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=ki-trigg091009&prov=yhoo&type=lgns |title=Trigg gears up for one more run |work=[[Yahoo! Sports|Sports.Yahoo.com]] |date=September 10, 2009 |access-date=July 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/second-season-ultimate-fighter-contract-105601027.html|title=The second season of 'The Ultimate Fighter' contract with Spike TV was signed on a napkin|date=December 6, 2021|work=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|author=Jeff Cain}}</ref><br />
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On the heels of the Griffin/Bonnar finale, a second season of ''The Ultimate Fighter'' launched in August 2005, and two more seasons appeared in 2006. Spike and the UFC continued to create and air new seasons until the show moved to [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/08/18/ultimate-fighter-canceled/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/08/18/ultimate-fighter-canceled/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Ultimate Fighter moves to FX with live fights on Fox |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Following the success of ''The Ultimate Fighter'', Spike also picked up ''[[UFC Unleashed]]'', an hour-long weekly show featuring select fights from previous events. Spike also signed on to broadcast live UFC Fight Night, a series of fight events debuting in August 2005, and ''Countdown'' specials to promote upcoming UFC pay-per-view cards.<br />
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After a very successful run on Spike and with the upcoming announcement of the UFC's new relationship with [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]], Spike officials made a statement regarding the end of their partnership with the UFC, "''The Ultimate Fighter'' season 14 in September will be our last... Our 6-year partnership with the UFC has been incredibly beneficial in building both our brands, and we wish them all the best in the future."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/spike-tv-announces-partnership-with-the-ufc-has-ended-tuf-14-will-be-the-last-on-the-network| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/spike-tv-announces-partnership-with-the-ufc-has-ended-tuf-14-will-be-the-last-on-the-network|archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Spike TV Announces Partnership with the UFC Has Ended, TUF 14 Will Be the Last on the Network |work=MMAWeekly.com |date=August 18, 2011 |access-date=August 18, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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With the announcement of UFC's partnership with Fox in August 2011, ''The Ultimate Fighter'', which entered its 14th season in that September, moved to the [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] network to air on Friday nights starting with season 15 in the Spring of 2012. Along with the network change, episodes are now edited and broadcast within a week of recording instead of a several-month delay, and elimination fights are aired live.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmaweekly.com/the-ultimate-fighter-goes-live-on-fx-starting-on-friday-nights-in-spring-2012 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/the-ultimate-fighter-goes-live-on-fx-starting-on-friday-nights-in-spring-2012 |archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=The 'Ultimate Fighter' Goes Live on FX Starting on Friday Nights in Spring 2012 |work=MMAWeekly.com |date=August 18, 2011 |access-date=August 18, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Mid-2000s expansion===<br />
[[File:UFC 88 - Time Square.JPG|thumb|left|New York City [[Times Square]] ad for [[UFC 88|UFC 88: Breakthrough]] featuring [[Chuck Liddell]] vs. [[Rashad Evans]]]]<br />
With increased visibility, the UFC's pay-per-view buy numbers exploded. [[UFC 52]], the first event after the first season of ''The Ultimate Fighter'' featuring eventual-UFC Hall of Famer: [[Chuck Liddell|Chuck "The Iceman" Liddell]], avenging his defeat to fellow eventual-Hall of Famer, [[Randy Couture]], drew a pay-per-view audience of 300,000,<ref>{{cite web|last=Meltzer |first=Dave |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=dm-ufcfiftytwo052409&prov=yhoo&type=lgns |title=UFC 52: Chuck strikes back – UFC – Yahoo! Sports |website=Yahoo Sports |date=May 24, 2009 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref> doubling its previous benchmark of 150,000 set at UFC 40. Following the second season of ''The Ultimate Fighter'', the UFC's match between Liddell and Couture drew an estimated 410,000 pay-per-view buys at [[UFC 57]].<br />
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For the rest of 2006, pay-per-view buy rates continued to skyrocket, with 620,000 buys for [[UFC 60|UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie]] — featuring Royce Gracie's first UFC fight in 11 years—and 775,000 buys for [[UFC 61]] featuring the highly anticipated rematch between Ken Shamrock and Tito Ortiz, the coaches of ''[[The Ultimate Fighter 3]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-61-surpasses-30-million-in-ppv-sales-2| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-61-surpasses-30-million-in-ppv-sales-2| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC 61 Surpasses $30 Million in PPV Sales |website=MMA Weekly |date=September 6, 2006 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The organization hit a milestone with [[UFC 66]], pitting Ortiz in a rematch against Liddell with over 1&nbsp;million buys.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stupp |first=Dann |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/1857/report-ufc-66-falls-short-of-12-million-ppv-buys.mma |title=Report: UFC 66 Falls Short of 1.2 Million PPV ";Buys"; |work=MMAjunkie.com |date=January 30, 2007 |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080818234952/http://mmajunkie.com/news/1857/report-ufc-66-falls-short-of-12-million-ppv-buys.mma |archive-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref><br />
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The surge in popularity prompted the UFC to beef up its executive team. In March 2006, the UFC announced that it had hired [[Marc Ratner]], former executive director of the [[Nevada Athletic Commission]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Nelson "Doc" Hamilton |url=http://www.ultimategrapplingmag.com/content/view/180/37/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216165349/http://www.ultimategrapplingmag.com/content/view/180/37/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 16, 2006 |title=Marc Ratner UFC Vice President of Government and Regulatory Affairs |website=Ultimate Grappling Magazine |access-date=February 7, 2019}}</ref> as Vice President of Regulatory Affairs. Ratner, once an ally of Senator [[John McCain|McCain's]] campaign against ''no holds barred'' fighting, lobbied numerous athletic commissions<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/24/sports/othersports/24fight.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1|work=The New York Times|title=A Boxing Regulator Changes Corners|first=John|last=Eligon|date=November 24, 2006|access-date=May 26, 2010}}</ref> to help raise the UFC's media profile in an attempt to legalize mixed martial arts in jurisdictions inside and outside the United States that had yet to sanction the sport.<br />
<br />
In December 2006, Zuffa acquired the northern California-based promotion [[World Extreme Cagefighting]] (WEC) in order to stop the [[International Fight League]] (IFL) from making a deal with Versus (now [[NBC Sports Network]]). At the time, the UFC had an exclusive deal with Spike, so the purchase of the WEC allowed Zuffa to block the IFL from Versus without violating their contract.<ref>{{cite web|last=Meltzer |first=Dave |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=dm-wec060509 |title=Brown-Faber rematch puts WEC at crossroads – UFC – Yahoo! Sports |website=Yahoo Sports |date=September 17, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref> The WEC showcased lighter weight classes in MMA, whereas the UFC featured heavier weight classes.<ref name="mmaw">{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-buying-world-extreme-cagefighting-2| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-buying-world-extreme-cagefighting-2| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC Buying World Extreme Cagefighting| author=Ken Pishna, Ivan Trembow |date=December 11, 2006 |publisher=MMAWeekly}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In December 2006, Zuffa also acquired their cross-town, Las Vegas rival [[World Fighting Alliance]] (WFA). The WFA had signed major fighters at the time, most notably [[Quinton "Rampage" Jackson]] and [[Lyoto Machida]], but their events turned out to be a financial disaster. Zuffa bought select assets from WFA, including select fighter contracts, as well as trademarks and other intellectual property.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-11 |title=UFC Acquires World Fighting Alliance, Inc. |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2006/12/ufc-acquires-world-fighting-alliance-inc |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=MMA Junkie}}</ref><br />
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The sport's popularity was also noticed by the sports betting community as BodogLife.com, an online gambling site, stated in July 2007 that in 2007 UFC would surpass boxing for the first time in terms of betting revenues.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.prweb.com/releases/mma/betting/prweb530718.htm|title=UFC set to surpass boxing in betting revenue|first=Justin|last=Goff|work=MMAbettingblog.com|date=July 11, 2007|access-date=March 5, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410032815/http://www.prweb.com/releases/mma/betting/prweb530718.htm|archive-date=April 10, 2008}}</ref> In fact, the UFC had already broken the pay-per-view industry's all-time records for a single year of business, generating over $222,766,000 in revenue in 2006, surpassing both WWE and boxing.<ref name="biz.yahoo">{{cite press release|url=http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/071109/0326554.html|date=November 9, 2007|title=Sun Discusses Company Milestones and Provides Year End Summary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615194354/http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/071109/0326554.html|archive-date=June 15, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nash |first1=John S |title=What Investors are Being Told About UFC Revenues |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/20/9547333/what-deutsche-bank-moodys-and-standard-poors-tell-us-about-the-ufc| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020230254/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/20/9547333/what-deutsche-bank-moodys-and-standard-poors-tell-us-about-the-ufc| archive-date=2015-10-20 |work=Bloody Elbow, for MMA and UFC news |date=October 20, 2015 |access-date=March 4, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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The UFC continued its rapid rise from near obscurity with [[Roger Huerta]] gracing the cover of ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' and Chuck Liddell on the front of ''[[ESPN The Magazine]]'' in May 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mixed martial arts notebook: Well-traveled UFC president has big plans for the sport|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/sports/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/sports/1182477312164070.xml&coll=7&thispage=1|first=Brad|last=McCray|work=The Oregonian|date=July 22, 2007|access-date=July 22, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608223401/http://www.oregonlive.com/sports/oregonian/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fsports%2F1182477312164070.xml&coll=7&thispage=1|archive-date=June 8, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Pride acquisition and integration====<br />
[[File:Fedor vs Coleman.JPG|thumb|left|A fight between [[Fedor Emelianenko]] and [[Mark Coleman]] in the Japanese, ring-based [[Pride Fighting Championships|PRIDE]] organization. During its heyday, PRIDE was considered bigger than the UFC in terms of audience and quality of fights.<ref name="Snowden" />]]<br />
In Japan, Mixed Martial Arts took a separate, yet convergent evolution, with origins in "[[shoot wrestling]]", a form of [[professional wrestling]] which had more realistic-looking moves and matches while deemphasizing theatrical elements. Promotions like [[Shooto]] and [[Pancrase]] discarded the scripts and were already putting on hybrid fighting shows with real fights by the time the UFC was founded.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-13 |title=The World's Greatest Fighter Was A Pro Wrestler Who Couldn't Fight |url=https://deadspin.com/the-worlds-greatest-fighter-was-a-pro-wrestler-who-coul-1819429942 |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Deadspin |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Blood Called Shooto – Home Called Shooto |url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/1/A-Blood-Called-Shooto-17377 |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Sherdog |language=en}}</ref> This culminated in the creation of [[Pride Fighting Championships]] in 1997. At its height, Pride was the world's most popular MMA promotion, and helped to popularize the sport in Japan and in the world. Having high attendances on large sports arenas and watched by millions of spectators through [[free-to-air]] and pay-per-view television. Meanwhile, the UFC was struggling with political persecution, low pay-per-view sales, and doing events in backwater casinos.<ref name="Snowden"/> At that time, many of UFC's best fighters would leave to fight in Pride or other Japanese organizations instead due better pay and prestige.<ref name="Snowden">{{Cite web |last=Snowden |first=Jonathan |title=Sex, Drugs, Gangsters and MMA: Remembering Pride, UFC's Wild Predecessor |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2718986-sex-drugs-gangsters-and-mma-remembering-pride-ufcs-wild-predecessor |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref><br />
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However, on 2006, Pride started to have financial issues due the termination of lucrative contracts with Japanese TV due a scandal revealing the strong ties between Pride and the [[yakuza]].<ref name="Snowden" /> On March 27, 2007, the UFC and Pride announced an agreement in which the majority owners of the UFC, Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta, would purchase the Pride brand.<ref name="AP">{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/sports/news/story?id=2814235 |title=Source: UFC buys Pride for less than $70M |date=March 27, 2007 |work=ESPN |access-date=July 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Hot List">''The Hot List'', ''[[ESPNews]]'', air date March 27, 2007.</ref><br />
<br />
Initial intentions were for the organizations to be run separately but aligned together with plans to co-promote cards featuring the champions and top contenders from both organizations, making comparisons to the [[AFL–NFL merger]] and the creation of a "[[Super Bowl]]" of MMA.<ref name="Snowden" /> However, after purchasing Pride, Dana White felt that the Pride model was not sustainable<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmafrenzy.com/623/dana-white-pride-is-a-mess/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818203810/http://mmafrenzy.com/623/dana-white-pride-is-a-mess/| archive-date=2009-08-18 |title=Dana White: "Pride is a Mess" |work=MMAFrenzy.com |date=June 26, 2007 |first=Kris |last=Karkoski |access-date=July 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and that the brand became "toxic" in Japan, being difficult to find a new television deal.<ref name="Snowden" /> The organization instead folded, with many former Pride fighters such as [[Antônio Rodrigo "Minotauro" Nogueira]], [[Maurício Rua|Maurício "Shogun" Rua]], [[Dan Henderson]], [[Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipović]], [[Wanderlei Silva]], and others already being realigned under the UFC brand.<ref name="fightNetwork">{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.thefightnetwork.com/news_detail.php?nid=4671<br />
| title = The Fight Network<br />
| last = Hunt<br />
| first = Loretta<br />
| publisher = The Fight Network<br />
| date = August 26, 2007<br />
| access-date = September 18, 2007<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234628/http://www.thefightnetwork.com/news_detail.php?nid=4671 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = September 26, 2007}}</ref> On October 4, 2007, Pride Worldwide closed its Japanese office, laying off 20 people who were working there since the closing of its parent company [[Dream Stage Entertainment]] (DSE).<ref>{{cite news |first=Taro |last=Kotani |title=Pride Worldwide Japan Office Officially Closed |url=http://mmaweekly.com/pride-worldwide-japan-office-officially-closed| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/pride-worldwide-japan-office-officially-closed| archive-date=2021-10-18 |work=MMAWeekly.com |date=October 5, 2007 |access-date=October 5, 2007}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
On June 18, 2008, Lorenzo Fertitta accommodated the UFC's growth by announcing his resignation from [[Station Casinos]] in order to devote his energies to the international business development of Zuffa, particularly the UFC. The move proved to be pivotal, as Fertitta helped strike TV deals in China, France, Mexico, and Germany as well as open alternative revenue streams with a new UFC video game and UFC action figures, among other projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=ki-fertitta072309 |title=UFC full speed ahead with Fertitta on board |last=Iole |first=Kevin |work=[[Yahoo! Sports|Sports.Yahoo.com]] |date=July 23, 2009 |access-date=July 2, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Late 2000s–mid-2010s growth with UFC 100===<br />
Popularity surged in 2009 with [[UFC 100]] and the 10 events preceding it including UFC [[UFC 90|90]], [[UFC 91|91]], [[UFC 92|92]], [[UFC 94|94]], and [[UFC 98|98]]. UFC 100 was a success, garnering 1.6&nbsp;million buys<ref>{{cite web|last=Iole |first=Kevin |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=ki-carwin090209 |title=Carwin's star rises as UFC 106 nears |work=[[Yahoo! Sports|Sports.Yahoo.com]] |date=September 3, 2009 |access-date=July 2, 2011}}</ref> under the drawing power of former [[NCAA]] [[wrestling]] and WWE Champion [[Brock Lesnar]] and his rematch with former UFC Heavyweight Champion [[Frank Mir]], Canadian [[Georges St-Pierre]] going head-to-head with Brazilian<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.weirdmag.com/top-10-ufc-fights-2016-best-knockout-year/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102224509/http://www.weirdmag.com/top-10-ufc-fights-2016-best-knockout-year/| archive-date=2017-01-02|title=Top 10 UFC Fights of 2016 {{!}} Best Knockout of Year 2016 {{!}} UFC Best Fights|date=January 2, 2017|newspaper=WeirdMag|access-date=January 2, 2017}}</ref> [[Thiago Alves (fighter)|Thiago Alves]], and American Dan Henderson opposing British [[Michael Bisping]] at middleweight after the two were rival coaches on ''[[The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom]]''.<br />
<br />
UFC 100 drew interest from [[ESPN]], which provided coverage of the event in the days preceding and following it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas |first=Nick |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2009/7/24/960850/bloody-elbow-exclusive-major-espn| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2009/7/24/960850/bloody-elbow-exclusive-major-espn| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Exclusive: Major ESPN Executive Attends UFC 100 as a Guest of Dana White |publisher=Bloody Elbow |date=July 24, 2009 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ESPN would eventually devote additional coverage of the UFC and other MMA news with the television debut of ''[[MMA Live]]'' on ESPN2 in May 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Iole |first=Kevin |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/blog/cagewriter/post/-MMA-Live-moves-to-ESPN2-on-May-6?urn=mma,230191 |title='MMA Live' moves to ESPN2 on May 6 – Cagewriter – UFC – Yahoo! Sports |website=Yahoo Sports |access-date=September 23, 2010 |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327151643/http://sports.yahoo.com/mma/blog/cagewriter/post/-MMA-Live-moves-to-ESPN2-on-May-6?urn=mma,230191 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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The buzz from UFC 100 was hampered significantly in the second half of 2009 after a rash of injuries and other health-related issues<ref>{{cite news |last=Morgan |first=John |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/17388/despite-recent-rash-of-injuries-white-says-ufcs-handling-of-fighters-wont-change.mma |title=Despite recent rash of injuries, White says UFC's handling of fighters won't change |work=MMAjunkie.com |date=January 1, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104115921/http://mmajunkie.com/news/17388/despite-recent-rash-of-injuries-white-says-ufcs-handling-of-fighters-wont-change.mma |archive-date=January 4, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Meltzer |first=Dave |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=dm-mmappd103009 |title=Injuries take toll on UFC schedule – UFC – Yahoo! Sports |website=Yahoo Sports |date=September 17, 2010 |access-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref>—including Brock Lesnar's life-threatening bout with [[diverticulitis]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas|first=Luke |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/1/21/1263270/brock-lesnars-career-wasnt-the| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/1/21/1263270/brock-lesnars-career-wasnt-the| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Brock Lesnar's Career Wasn't the Only Thing in Jeopardy |work=BloodyElbow.com |date=January 21, 2010 |access-date=July 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref>—forcing the organization to continuously scramble and reshuffle its lineup for several events.<br />
<br />
However, the momentum gradually began to pick up in the first quarter of 2010 after victories from defending champions Georges St-Pierre and Anderson Silva, as well as Lyoto Machida's first career defeat to "Shogun" Rua for the UFC Light Heavyweight title. These fights segued into a very popular clash between former UFC Champions and rivals [[Rashad Evans]] and [[Rampage Jackson|Quinton "Rampage" Jackson]]—rival coaches on ''[[The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights|The Ultimate Fighter 10: Heavyweights]]''—at [[UFC 114]], featuring the UFC's first main event headlined by black fighters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/05/25/rampage-jackson-rashad-evans-and-the-politics-of-race-in-mma/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/05/25/rampage-jackson-rashad-evans-and-the-politics-of-race-in-mma/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title='Rampage' Jackson, Rashad Evans and Politics of Race in MMA |work=MMAFighting.com |date=May 25, 2010 |last=Fowlkes |first=Ben |access-date=July 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The event scored over 1&nbsp;million pay per view buys<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.watchkalibrun.com/2010/6/24/1535463/meltzer-ufc-114-surpasses-1 |title=Meltzer: UFC 114 Surpasses 1 Million PPV Buys |last=Becker |first=Nick |date=June 24, 2010 |work=WatchKalibRun.com |access-date=July 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107013356/http://www.watchkalibrun.com/2010/6/24/1535463/meltzer-ufc-114-surpasses-1 |archive-date=January 7, 2011}}</ref> as Evans secured a unanimous decision victory.<br />
<br />
[[File:UFC 129.jpg|thumb|[[UFC 129]] shattered previous North American gate and attendance records.]]<br />
This momentum carried into the summer of 2010 at [[UFC 116]], which featured the return of Brock Lesnar defending his UFC Heavyweight title against the undefeated interim-champion [[Shane Carwin]] before 1.25&nbsp;million PPV viewers.<ref>[http://www.fightofthenight.com/news/ufc-116-ppv-buy-rate-estimated-at-1-15-1-25-million/ UFC 116 PPV Buy Rate Estimated At 1.15–1.25 Million] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714035448/http://www.fightofthenight.com/news/ufc-116-ppv-buy-rate-estimated-at-1-15-1-25-million/ |date=July 14, 2010}}. Fightofthenight.Com (July 8, 2010). Retrieved on May 3, 2011.</ref> Lesnar survived an early barrage of Carwin's punches in a contest that was nearly stopped by referee Josh Rosenthal.<ref>[http://www.mmamania.com/2010/7/4/1551896/ufc-quick-quote-brock-lesnar UFC Quick Quote: Brock Lesnar thanks referee Josh Rosenthal after Shane Carwin win]. MMAmania.com. Retrieved on May 3, 2011.</ref> However, Lesnar recovered in the second round to submit Carwin via [[arm-triangle choke]] to retain the undisputed UFC Heavyweight Championship. The event as a whole was critically acclaimed in the media<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thebiglead.com/index.php/2010/07/06/ufc-116-the-greatest-ppv-ever/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://thebiglead.com/index.php/2010/07/06/ufc-116-the-greatest-ppv-ever/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC 116: The Greatest PPV Ever? |work=TheBigLead.com |date=July 6, 2010 |last=Douglas |first=Stephen |access-date=July 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cnmnewsnetwork.com/123334/ufc-116-carwin-vs-lesnar-fight-results-fight-card-and-highlights/ |title=UFC 116 Carwin vs Lesnar Fight Results, Fight Card and Highlights |date=July 5, 2010 |work=CNMNewsNetwork.com |last=Kyle |first=Aiden |access-date=July 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711091544/http://cnmnewsnetwork.com/123334/ufc-116-carwin-vs-lesnar-fight-results-fight-card-and-highlights/ |archive-date=July 11, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/415454-ufc-116-main-card-review-and-fighter-report-cards| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/415454-ufc-116-main-card-review-and-fighter-report-cards| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC 116: Main Card Review and Fighter Report Cards |work=[[BleacherReport.com]] |date=July 4, 2010 |last=Parfitt |first=Greg |access-date=July 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> for living up to the hype with a number of exciting fights.<br />
<br />
After a fifth round, last-minute victory by UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva over [[Chael Sonnen]] at [[UFC 117]], Lesnar finally surrendered his belt to the undefeated [[Cain Velasquez]] via 1st-round TKO at [[UFC 121]]. The fight produced Velasquez's eighth knockout or technical knockout in his first nine MMA fights.<ref>[http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Cain-Velasquez-19102 Cain Velasquez MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography]. Sherdog.com. Retrieved on May 3, 2011.</ref><br />
<br />
[[UFC 129]] featured Georges St-Pierre vs. [[Jake Shields]] at the [[Rogers Centre]] in [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada and is currently the largest UFC event in North American history,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2010/1207/534499/dana-white/|title=UFC 131 And Fan Expo Weekend Announced for Toronto in April|work=Fightline.com|date=December 7, 2010|first=Raj|last=Giri|access-date=July 1, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711001558/http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2010/1207/534499/dana-white/|archive-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-129-st-pierre-vs-shields-set-for-42000-fans-at-rogers-centre-in-toronto| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-129-st-pierre-vs-shields-set-for-42000-fans-at-rogers-centre-in-toronto| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC 129: St-Pierre vs. Shields Set for 42,000 Fans at Rogers Centre in Toronto |publisher=MMA Weekly |date=January 26, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> which coincided with a two-day UFC Fan Expo at the [[Direct Energy Centre]].<ref name="EXPO">{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/Toronto-to-Host-First-Ever-Ontario-Event-on-Apr-30| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/Toronto-to-Host-First-Ever-Ontario-Event-on-Apr-30| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Toronto to Host First-Ever Ontario Event on April 30 |publisher=UFC |date=December 7, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/21653/ufc-131-official-for-april-30-at-rogers-centre-in-toronto.mma |title=UFC 131 official for April 30 at Rogers Centre in Toronto |publisher=MMA Junkie |date=December 7, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The event sold out 55,000 tickets for gate revenues exceeding $11&nbsp;million,<ref name=ufctickets>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-129-gate-receipts-total-11-million-eclipse-record| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-129-gate-receipts-total-11-million-eclipse-record| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC 129 Gate Receipts Total $11 Million, Eclipse Record |work=MMAWeekly.com |last=Pishna |first=Ken |date=February 15, 2011 |access-date=July 1, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> shattering previous MMA attendance and gate records in North America.<ref name=ufctickets/><br />
<br />
On November 5, 2016, the UFC had its first exhibition in New York City after years of being delayed by government officials and red tape with a dramatic first match, [[Conor McGregor]] vs. [[Eddie Alvarez]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=McGrath|first1=Stephen|title=Conor McGregor Proves Class Disparity, And Deserves UFC Equity|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/stephen-mcgrath/conor-mcgregor-the-proves_b_12958938.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/stephen-mcgrath/conor-mcgregor-the-proves_b_12958938.html| archive-date=2021-10-18|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=November 14, 2016|access-date=November 22, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
====WEC merger====<br />
[[File:Anthony Pettis WEC 53.jpg|thumb|left|[[Anthony Pettis]] weighs in for the final WEC event.]]<br />
Zuffa, the parent company of the UFC, purchased World Extreme Cagefighting in late 2006 and held the first WEC event under new ownership on January 20, 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mmaweekly.com/wec-fighter-salary-breakdown-2| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/wec-fighter-salary-breakdown-2| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=WEC Fighter Salary Breakdown |date=January 22, 2007 |publisher=MMAWeekly |access-date=July 24, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Soon thereafter the WEC made its home on [[NBCSN|the Versus Network]] with its first event debuting on that network in June 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mmaweekly.com/wec-to-make-live-cable-tv-debut-on-june-3-2| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/wec-to-make-live-cable-tv-debut-on-june-3-2| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=WEC to Make Live Cable TV Debut on June 3 |date=April 4, 2007 |publisher=MMAWeekly|access-date=July 24, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
On October 28, 2010, Zuffa announced that WEC would merge with the UFC. The WEC held its final card on December 16, 2010. As a result of the merger, the UFC absorbed WEC's bantamweight, featherweight and lightweight weight divisions and their respective fighters. The UFC also made the last WEC Featherweight and Bantamweight Champions, [[José Aldo]] and [[Dominick Cruz]] respectively, the inaugural UFC Champions of their new weight divisions.<ref>Hawryluk, Matt. (October 28, 2010) [http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/10/28/1779797/dana-white-to-announce-ufc-merger-with-the-wec Dana White To Announce UFC Merger With the WEC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031081215/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/10/28/1779797/dana-white-to-announce-ufc-merger-with-the-wec |date=October 31, 2010 }}. Bloody Elbow. Retrieved on May 3, 2011.</ref><br />
<br />
Reed Harris, who started World Extreme Cagefighting with Scott Adams, had mixed emotions on the merger. "It's kind of like when your kid goes off to college: at first you're not happy, but after you think about it for a while, you're really happy," Harris said following the announcement. "At the end of the day, I never imagined this thing would be where we're at today. I'm extremely proud and happy that I was involved with something that will now be part of what may be, some day, the largest sports organization in the world."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-wec-merger-reed-harris-proud-to-see-his-baby-grow-up-mma| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-wec-merger-reed-harris-proud-to-see-his-baby-grow-up-mma| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC-WEC Merger: Reed Harris Proud to See His Baby Grow Up |date=October 28, 2010 |publisher=MMAWeekly |access-date=July 24, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
====Strikeforce purchase====<br />
[[File:Strikeforce cage 2011-01-07.jpg|thumb|The [[Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)|Strikeforce]] cage]]<br />
On March 12, 2011, Dana White announced that Zuffa had purchased [[Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)|Strikeforce]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/03/12/zuffa-purchases-strikeforce/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/03/12/zuffa-purchases-strikeforce/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Zuffa purchases Strikeforce|work=MMA Fighting|date=March 12, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> White said that Strikeforce will operate as an independent promotion, and that CEO [[Scott Coker]] will continue to run the promotion. Coker announced the return of [[Fedor Emelianenko]] on an unspecified July or August event and said that Zuffa-owned company would continue to co-promote with M-1 Global.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/03/24/strikeforce-targeting-summer-return-for-fedor-fight-with-dan-he/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/03/24/strikeforce-targeting-summer-return-for-fedor-fight-with-dan-he/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Strikeforce targeting summer return for Fedor, fight with Henderson unlikely|work=MMA Fighting|date=March 24, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> After an extension was reached to continue Strikeforce through 2012, the promotion's heavyweight division (sans Heavyweight Grand Prix finalists) was merged into the UFC, and the promotion's Challengers series was ended.<br />
<br />
The final Strikeforce show was [[Strikeforce: Marquardt vs. Saffiedine]] on January 12, 2013, after which the promotion was dissolved and all fighter contracts were either ended or absorbed into the UFC.<br />
<br />
====Fox partnership====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"<br />
|+''UFC on Fox'' [[Nielsen ratings]]<br />
|-<br />
!Event!!Date!!Rating!!Share!!Viewers!!Ref.<br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Velasquez vs. dos Santos|Velasquez vs. dos Santos]]||November 12, 2011||3.1||5||5.7 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/13/ufc-on-fox-debut-scores-big-most-watched-ufc-event-ever/110476/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111116150139/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/13/ufc-on-fox-debut-scores-big-most-watched-ufc-event-ever/110476/ |url-status= dead |archive-date= November 16, 2011 |title=UFC on Fox Debut Scores Big – Most-Watched UFC Event Ever |date=November 13, 2011 |publisher=TV by the Numbers |access-date=February 13, 2012}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[2012 in UFC#UFC on Fox: Evans vs. Davis|Evans vs. Davis]]||January 28, 2012||2.6||5||4.7 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/31/ufc-on-fox-dominates-primetime-ratings-in-key-demos/118262/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120205122713/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/31/ufc-on-fox-dominates-primetime-ratings-in-key-demos/118262/ |url-status= dead |archive-date= February 5, 2012 |title=UFC on Fox Dominates Primetime Ratings in Key Demos |date=January 31, 2012 |publisher=TV by the Numbers |access-date=February 13, 2012}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Diaz vs. Miller|Diaz vs. Miller]]||May 5, 2012||1.5||3||2.4 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mmafighting.com/ufc/2012/5/8/3007495/ufc-on-fox-3-television-ratings-diaz-miller-mma-news| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/ufc/2012/5/8/3007495/ufc-on-fox-3-television-ratings-diaz-miller-mma-news| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC on Fox 3 Television Ratings |date=May 8, 2012 |work=MMA Fighting |access-date=May 8, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Shogun vs. Vera|Shogun vs. Vera]]||August 4, 2012||1.4||3||2.4 million||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30071/ufc-on-fox-4-ratings-numbers-hold-steady-for-network-televised-event.mma|title=UFC on Fox 4 ratings: Numbers hold steady for network-televised event|date=August 7, 2012|publisher=MMA Junkie |access-date=August 7, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Henderson vs. Diaz|Henderson vs. Diaz]]||December 8, 2012||2.5||5||4.4 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mmapayout.com/2012/12/payouts-and-updated-ratings-for-ufc-on-fox-5/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmapayout.com/2012/12/payouts-and-updated-ratings-for-ufc-on-fox-5/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Payouts and updated ratings for UFC on Fox 5|date=December 12, 2012 |publisher=MMA Payout |access-date=December 12, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Dodson|Johnson vs. Dodson]]||January 26, 2013||2.4||5||4.2 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2013/02/final-ratings-off-slightly-for-ufc-on-fox-6/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2013/02/final-ratings-off-slightly-for-ufc-on-fox-6/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Final Ratings Off Slightly For UFC on Fox 6|date=February 2, 2013 |publisher=Sports Media Watch |access-date=February 2, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Henderson vs. Melendez|Henderson vs. Melendez]]||April 20, 2013||2.2||4||3.7 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mmapayout.com/2013/04/updated-ufc-on-fox-7-ratings-3-7-million/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmapayout.com/2013/04/updated-ufc-on-fox-7-ratings-3-7-million/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Updated UFC on Fox 7 ratings: 3.7 million|date=April 23, 2013 |publisher=MMA Payout |access-date=April 23, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Moraga|Johnson vs. Moraga]]||July 27, 2013||1.5||3||2.4 million||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/30/strong-gold-cup-and-ufc-ratings-power-fox-sports/194770/|title='Strong Gold Cup and UFC Ratings Power Fox Sports|date=July 30, 2013|publisher=TV by the Numbers|access-date=August 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905195034/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/30/strong-gold-cup-and-ufc-ratings-power-fox-sports/194770/|archive-date=September 5, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Benavidez 2|Johnson vs. Benavidez 2]]||December 14, 2013||1.8||3||2.8 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mmatorch.com/artman2/publish/UFC_2/article_19647.shtml#.UuRI_xBpTIU| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmatorch.com/artman2/publish/UFC_2/article_19647.shtml#.UuRI_xBpTIU| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Final ratings in for UFC on Fox 9 "Johnson vs. Benavidez II|date=December 19, 2013 |publisher=MMA Torch |access-date=December 19, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Henderson vs. Thomson|Henderson vs. Thomson]]||January 25, 2014||1.9||3||3.2 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2014/01/tv-ratings-ufc-on-fox-10-down-from-last-year-also-local-national-nba/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2014/01/tv-ratings-ufc-on-fox-10-down-from-last-year-also-local-national-nba/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=TV Ratings: "UFC on Fox 10" Down From Last Year (Also: Local, National NBA)|date=January 31, 2014 |publisher=TV by the Numbers |access-date=January 31, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Werdum vs. Browne|Werdum vs. Browne]]||April 19, 2014||1.6||3||2.5 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2014/04/25/Media/Final-Ratings.aspx?hl=ufc&sc=0|title=Final Ratings: ESPN "Bad Boys" Documentary Premiere Draws 1.8 Million Viewers|date=April 25, 2014 |publisher=SportBusinessDaily |access-date=April 25, 2014}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Lawler vs. Brown|Lawler vs. Brown]]||July 26, 2014||1.5||3||2.5 million||<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mmapayout.com/2014/07/ufc-on-fox-12-2-5-million-viewers/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmapayout.com/2014/07/ufc-on-fox-12-2-5-million-viewers/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC on Fox 12: 2.5 million viewers|date=July 26, 2014 |publisher=MMA Payout |access-date=July 29, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: dos Santos vs. Miocic|dos Santos vs. Miocic]]||December 13, 2014||1.6||3||2.8 million||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2014/12/17/7406553/ratings-report-dos-santos-vs-miocic-fox-show-pulls-in-2-8-million| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/2014/12/17/7406553/ratings-report-dos-santos-vs-miocic-fox-show-pulls-in-2-8-million| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Ratings report: Dos Santos vs. Miocic Fox show pulls in 2.8 million viewers|date=December 17, 2014|work=MMA Fighting|access-date=March 14, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:right;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson|Gustafsson vs. Johnson]]||January 24, 2015||1.8||4||3.0 million||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/1/27/7925717/ufc-on-fox-14-peaked-at-3-65-million-viewers| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/1/27/7925717/ufc-on-fox-14-peaked-at-3-65-million-viewers| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC on Fox 14 peaked at 3.65 million viewers|date=January 27, 2015|work=MMA Fighting|access-date=March 14, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
On August 18, 2011, The Ultimate Fighting Championship and Fox announced a seven-year broadcast deal through the [[Fox Sports (United States)|Fox Sports]] subsidiary, effectively ending the UFC's [[Spike TV]] and Versus (now [[NBC Sports Network]]) partnership. The deal includes four events on the main Fox network, 32 live Friday night fights per year on their cable network [[FX (TV channel)|FX]], 24 events following ''[[The Ultimate Fighter]]'' reality show and six separate Fight Night events.<br />
<br />
The promotion's first broadcast television event – [[UFC on Fox: Velasquez vs. dos Santos]] – broke form by showcasing only one fight to television viewers. In the main event, [[Junior dos Santos]] abruptly dethroned then-undefeated UFC heavyweight champion [[Cain Velasquez]] by knock-out at 1:04 in the first round. The telecast peaked with 8.8 million viewers tuning into the fight with an average audience of 5.7 million, making it by far the most-watched MMA event of all-time and the most-watched combat sports event since 2003's HBO bout between [[Lennox Lewis]] and [[Vitali Klitschko]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/13/ufc-on-fox-debut-scores-big-most-watched-ufc-event-ever/110476/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116150139/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/13/ufc-on-fox-debut-scores-big-most-watched-ufc-event-ever/110476/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 16, 2011 |title=UFC on Fox Debut Scores Big – Most-Watched UFC Event Ever – Ratings |website=TV by the Numbers |date=November 13, 2011 |access-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
One of the other programming opportunities that emerged was a weekly UFC magazine-style show. When asked about potential for a weekly magazine-style series, UFC CEO Lorenzo Fertitta responded, "Not only weekly, but potentially, multiple times per week you'll have a UFC magazine (show)."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-ceo-lorenzo-fertitta-says-ufc-magazine-style-show-already-in-discussions| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaweekly.com/ufc-ceo-lorenzo-fertitta-says-ufc-magazine-style-show-already-in-discussions| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC CEO Lorenzo Fertitta Says UFC Magazine-Style Show Already in Discussions|date=August 18, 2011 |publisher=MMAWeekly |access-date=August 18, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The UFC maintained production control of its product including use of its broadcast team, [[Mike Goldberg]] and [[Joe Rogan]]. Fox Sports produced pre- and post-shows.<br />
<br />
====Women's MMA====<br />
{{Main|Women's mixed martial arts}}<br />
[[File:Ronda Rousey retouch.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ronda Rousey]] was the first female UFC champion. She defended her 135-pound Bantamweight Championship from February 23, 2013, to November 15, 2015.]]<br />
On November 16, 2012, the eve of [[UFC 154|UFC 154: St. Pierre vs. Condit]], Dana White confirmed the UFC would feature women's MMA with the signing of its first female fighter, Strikeforce bantamweight champion [[Ronda Rousey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/8639858/ronda-rousey-becomes-first-female-sign-ufc-deal| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://espn.go.com/mma/story/_/id/8639858/ronda-rousey-becomes-first-female-sign-ufc-deal| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Ronda Rousey becomes first female to sign UFC deal – ESPN |work=ESPN |date=January 1, 2008 |access-date=November 19, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> She subsequently became the first female UFC champion, the first Olympic medalist with a UFC title, and the first woman to defend a UFC title. She would successfully defend her title six times.<br />
<br />
On December 11, 2013, the UFC purchased the contracts of 11 female fighters from [[Invicta Fighting Championships]] to launch its 115-pound [[Strawweight (MMA)|Strawweight]] division. Eight of the Invicta fighters took part in the 20th season of ''[[The Ultimate Fighter]]'', ''[[The Ultimate Fighter: Team Pettis vs. Team Melendez]]'', along with eight additional fighters signed up for the tournament via open tryouts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/4/28/5662594/tuf-20-36-women-vying-eight-8-spots-claudia-gadelha-and-juliana-lima-out-tryouts| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/4/28/5662594/tuf-20-36-women-vying-eight-8-spots-claudia-gadelha-and-juliana-lima-out-tryouts| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=TUF 20 Tryouts: 36 women vying for 8 spots, Claudia Gadelha and Juliana Lima officially out |author=Lau, Eriksson|publisher=BloodyElbow.com|date=April 28, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Season winner, [[Invicta Fighting Championships#Strawweight Championship|Invicta FC's Strawweight Champion]], [[Carla Esparza]] became the first UFC women's strawweight champion, defeating [[Rose Namajunas]] in the finale. Other fighters on the show included [[Felice Herrig]], [[Tecia Torres]], [[Joanne Calderwood]], [[Bec Hyatt]], [[Randa Markos]], [[Jessica Penne]], and [[Joanna Jędrzejczyk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-picks-up-11-female-fighters-to-create-115-pound-womens-division| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-picks-up-11-female-fighters-to-create-115-pound-womens-division| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=UFC Picks Up 11 Female Fighters to Create 115-Pound Women's Division |publisher=MMAWeekly.com |date=December 11, 2013 |access-date=December 11, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
====International expansion====<br />
The first UFC event to be held outside the [[contiguous United States]] was [[UFC 8]] in Puerto Rico, a US territory, in 1996.<br />
<br />
Canada has hosted events 18 times, starting with [[UFC 83]] in 2008 and most recently in 2024 with [[UFC 297|UFC Fight Night 246]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/03/tom-wright-ufc-186-plus-two-more-events-on-tap-for-canada-in-2015| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2015/03/tom-wright-ufc-186-plus-two-more-events-on-tap-for-canada-in-2015| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Tom Wright: UFC 186, plus two more events, on tap for Canada in 2015|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Mike Bohn|date=March 6, 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> UFC's second biggest event to date was also in Canada, as [[UFC 129]] held at Rogers Centre featured a record-breaking attendance of 55,724.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/23448/ufc-129-sets-attendance-and-live-gate-records-55724-for-12-1-million.mma| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/news/23448/ufc-129-sets-attendance-and-live-gate-records-55724-for-12-1-million.mma| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC 129 sets attendance and live-gate records: 55,724 for $12.1 million|publisher=mmajunkie.com|date=May 1, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
The United Kingdom has been home to 18 events. The first was [[UFC 38]] held in London in 2002. UFC returned to the United Kingdom in 2007 with [[UFC 70]], and visited [[Northern Ireland]] for [[UFC 72]]. The UK's most recent event was in Manchester, England with [[UFC 304]] in 2024. Ireland has held [[UFC 93]] in 2009 and [[UFC Fight Night: McGregor vs. Brandao]] 5 years later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/UFC-Returns-to-Dublin-in-July| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/UFC-Returns-to-Dublin-in-July| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC returns to Dublin in July|publisher=UFC |author=<!--Not stated-->|access-date=April 29, 2014|date=April 29, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In continental Europe, Germany has hosted 6 times, the first being [[UFC 99]] in 2009, [[UFC 122]] in 2010, [[UFC Fight Night: Munoz vs. Mousasi]] in 2014, [[UFC Fight Night: Jędrzejczyk vs. Penne]] in 2015, [[UFC Fight Night: Arlovski vs. Barnett]] in 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/01/ufc-announces-ufc-fight-night-69-in-germany-ufc-fight-night-73-in-scotland| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2015/01/ufc-announces-ufc-fight-night-69-in-germany-ufc-fight-night-73-in-scotland| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC announces UFC Fight Night 69 in Germany, UFC Fight Night 73 in Scotland|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=John Morgan|date=January 23, 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and most recently, [[UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Smith]] in 2018. Sweden has hosted 3 times, starting with [[UFC on Fuel TV: Gustafsson vs. Silva]] in 2012, and recently with [[UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/11/alexander-gustafsson-vs-anthony-johnson-slated-for-ufc-on-fox-14-in-sweden| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2014/11/alexander-gustafsson-vs-anthony-johnson-slated-for-ufc-on-fox-14-in-sweden| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Alexander Gustafsson vs. Anthony Johnson slated for UFC on Fox 14 in Sweden|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Dann Stupp|date=November 12, 2014|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/Gustafsson-vs-Johnson-Headlines-Stockholm-Event-in-Jan| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/Gustafsson-vs-Johnson-Headlines-Stockholm-Event-in-Jan| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Gustafsson vs. Johnson headlines Stockholm event in January|publisher=UFC |date=November 12, 2014|access-date=November 12, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Poland]] had its first event with [[UFC Fight Night: Gonzaga vs. Cro Cop 2]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/01/ufc-fight-night-64-heads-to-poland-with-cro-cop-gonzaga-ii-blachowicz-manuwa| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2015/01/ufc-fight-night-64-heads-to-poland-with-cro-cop-gonzaga-ii-blachowicz-manuwa| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Fight Night 64 heads to Poland with Cro Cop-Gonzaga II, Blachowicz-Manuwa|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=January 23, 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
The first Brazilian event was [[UFC Brazil|UFC Brazil: Ultimate Brazil]], held in São Paulo in 1998. The promotion did not return to Brazil until 2011 for [[UFC 134]], but since then, the country has hosted a further 20 events. Its most recent visit was [[UFC Fight Night: Condit vs. Alves]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/3/18/8243683/mma-news-carlos-condit-vs-thiago-alves-ufc-fight-night-main-event-goiania| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/3/18/8243683/mma-news-carlos-condit-vs-thiago-alves-ufc-fight-night-main-event-goiania| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Carlos Condit vs. Thiago Alves set as UFC Fight Night main event in Goiania|publisher=bloodyelbow.com|author=Mookie Alexander|date=March 18, 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/Condit-Comeback-Begins-Against-Alves-in-May| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/Condit-Comeback-Begins-Against-Alves-in-May| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Condit comeback begins against Alves in May|publisher=ufc.com|author=Thomas Gerbasi|date=March 20, 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2014, [[Mexico]] became the second country in [[Latin America]] to host an event with [[UFC 180]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/Viva-Mexico-The-UFC-and-TUF-Head-South| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/Viva-Mexico-The-UFC-and-TUF-Head-South| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Viva Mexico – The UFC and TUF head South|publisher=UFC |access-date=June 26, 2015|date=April 29, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> followed by a second event, [[UFC 188]], in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/Velasquez-vs-Werdum-Set-for-June-13-in-Mexico-City| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/Velasquez-vs-Werdum-Set-for-June-13-in-Mexico-City| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Velasquez vs. Werdum Set for June 13 in Mexico City|publisher=UFC|author=Thomas Gerbasi|date=February 22, 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Seven UFC events have been held in Australia, beginning with [[UFC 110]] in 2010 and most recently in December 2018 with [[UFC Fight Night 142]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ufc.com/event/ufc-australia-2018/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.ufc.com/event/ufc-australia-2018/| archive-date=2021-10-18|work=UFC|date=2018|title=UFC Fight Night: Dos Santos vs Tuivasa|publisher=Adelaide Entertainment Centre |location=Adelaide Australia |access-date=December 23, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[New Zealand]] held its first event in 2014, [[UFC Fight Night: Te Huna vs. Marquardt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/The-UFC-Comes-To-New-Zealand| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/The-UFC-Comes-To-New-Zealand| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=The UFC Comes to New Zealand|publisher=UFC |author=<!--Not stated-->|date=April 7, 2014|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Its most recent event was [[UFC Fight Night: Felder vs. Hooker]] in February 2020.<br />
<br />
In Asia, the UFC has visited 5 countries. Japan had its first visit in 1997 for [[UFC Japan: Ultimate Japan]]. The UFC only returned to the country in 2012, with [[UFC 144]]. its last visit was in 2014 for [[UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Nelson]], the seventh event there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/event/ufc-fight-night-saitama-arena-japan|title=UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Nelson|publisher=Ultimate Fighting Championship|access-date=June 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626191936/http://www.ufc.com/event/ufc-fight-night-saitama-arena-japan|archive-date=June 26, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The promotion has also featured 3 visits to the [[United Arab Emirates]]. The first was in 2010 for [[UFC 112]] the second in 2014 for [[UFC Fight Night: Nogueira vs. Nelson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/01/date-broadcast-info-for-ufcs-return-to-abu-dhabi-roy-nelson-vs-big-nog-headliner/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2014/01/date-broadcast-info-for-ufcs-return-to-abu-dhabi-roy-nelson-vs-big-nog-headliner/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Date, broadcast info for UFC's return to Abu Dhabi, Roy Nelson vs. 'Big Nog' headliner<br />
|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Dann Stupp and Matt Erickson|access-date=June 26, 2015|date=January 30, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and the third in 2024 for [[UFC on ABC: Sandhagen vs. Nurmagomedov]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-25 |title=UFC Abu Dhabi: Sandhagen x Nurmagomedov |url=https://www.ufc.com.br/event/ufc-fight-night-august-03-2024 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=ufc.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref> The promotion has also visited [[Macau]] in 3 occasions: China's [[Special administrative regions of China|special administrative region]] was first visited in 2012 with [[UFC on Fuel TV: Franklin vs. Le]] and last visited in 2014 for [[UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Le]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/UFC-Returns-to-China-with-Bisping-vs-Le| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/UFC-Returns-to-China-with-Bisping-vs-Le| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC returns to China with Bisping vs, Le|publisher=UFC |author=<!--Not stated-->|access-date=June 26, 2015|date=May 25, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The promotion has also visited [[Singapore]] with [[UFC Fight Night: Saffiedine vs. Lim]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2013/08/ufc-announces-jan-4-for-debut-event-in-singapore| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2013/08/ufc-announces-jan-4-for-debut-event-in-singapore| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC announces Jan 4 for debut event in Singapore|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=August 29, 2013|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[Philippines]] was the most recent Asian country that the UFC has visited, with [[UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. Faber]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/UFC-Announces-First-Event-in-Manila| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/UFC-Announces-First-Event-in-Manila| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Announces First Event in Manila|publisher=UFC |author=<!--Not stated-->|date=January 28, 2015|access-date=June 26, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[The Ultimate Fighter]] has had international editions as well: Brazil (since 2012), Australia (vs. United Kingdom – 2012), China (2013), Canada (vs. Australia – 2014), and Latin America (2014).<br />
<br />
====TRT ban====<br />
On February 27, 2014, the Nevada State Athletic Commission banned the use of [[Androgen replacement therapy|Testosterone Replacement Therapy]] (TRT). The UFC followed suit and banned the use of TRT for any of its events, including international markets where the UFC oversees regulatory efforts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmanuts.com/news/ufc-issues-statement-nevada-trt-decision/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmanuts.com/news/ufc-issues-statement-nevada-trt-decision/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Issues Statement on Nevada TRT Decision|publisher=mmanuts.com|author=Dave Walsh |date=February 27, 2014|access-date= February 27, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Lawsuits over contractual treatment of fighters====<br />
===== Class action: Le vs Zuffa (UFC) anti-trust lawsuit =====<br />
In December 2014, an [[United States antitrust law|antitrust lawsuit]] was filed against Zuffa by several fighters, claiming the organization restricts control over fighters' careers and earning potential.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/12037883/antitrust-lawsuit-filed-ufc-parent-company-claims-monopoly| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://espn.go.com/mma/story/_/id/12037883/antitrust-lawsuit-filed-ufc-parent-company-claims-monopoly| archive-date=2021-10-18|title = Fighters claim UFC restricts earnings|date = December 16, 2014|access-date = January 5, 2015|website = espn.com|last = Barr|first = John}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The case moved to Nevada federal court, where Zuffa was denied its motion to stay [[Discovery (law)|discovery]] for 15 years of its financial records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/5/14/8604095/ufc-fighter-monopoloy-lawsuit-zuffa-files-motion-to-stay-discovery-of-15-years/in/7162628| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/5/14/8604095/ufc-fighter-monopoloy-lawsuit-zuffa-files-motion-to-stay-discovery-of-15-years/in/7162628| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Zuffa files motion to stay discovery of '15 years of Zuffa's financial statements'|author=John S. Nash|date=May 14, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/7/28/9064379/ufc-fighters-lawsuit-judge-denies-motion-discovery-antitrust/in/7162628| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/7/28/9064379/ufc-fighters-lawsuit-judge-denies-motion-discovery-antitrust/in/7162628| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Judge denies UFC's motion to stay discovery in antitrust lawsuit|author=John S. Nash|date=July 29, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
This caused an ongoing debate and struggle over how UFC sensitive information should be handled, and who may view it. Especially concerning MMAFA founder, Rob Maysey who has taken the lead in representing the former athletes and has stated he hopes to achieve reforms similar to the [[Ali Act]] (2000).<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3CiNZN7rd4|title=Wanderlei Silva & MMAFA push for Muhammad Ali Act in MMA|date=August 3, 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later that year, a 12–16 month investigation began that was expected to last until sometime between September 2016 to January 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/1/9430995/ufc-loses-two-motions-discovery-antitrust-lawsuit-mma-news/in/7162628| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/1/9430995/ufc-loses-two-motions-discovery-antitrust-lawsuit-mma-news/in/7162628| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC loses two motions in antitrust lawsuit, full discovery to begin|author=Paul Gift|date=October 1, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Thus far, both sides have provided over 100,000 documents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/11/17/9748132/ufc-lawsuit-update-plaintiffs-argue-discovery-108000-documents-produced-mma-news/in/7162628| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/11/17/9748132/ufc-lawsuit-update-plaintiffs-argue-discovery-108000-documents-produced-mma-news/in/7162628| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC lawsuit: Promotion, fighters argue over discovery, 108,000 documents produced|author=Paul Gift|date=November 17, 2015|work=[[Bloody Elbow]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is estimated that the UFC shares between 16% and 22% of its revenue with fighters, which is vastly lower than sports leagues such as the NBA, MLB, and NHL, which share approximately half of the revenue with their athletes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bissell|first=Tim|date=2021-08-07|title=UFC COO claims illegal streamers are taking money out of fighters' pockets|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2021/8/7/22614175/ufc-illegal-streamers-are-taking-money-out-of-fighters-pockets-lawrence-epstein-fighter-pay-mma-news| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2021/8/7/22614175/ufc-illegal-streamers-are-taking-money-out-of-fighters-pockets-lawrence-epstein-fighter-pay-mma-news| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-08-07|work=[[Bloody Elbow]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
There have been several ongoing lawsuits over the contractual treatment of UFC fighters. One of the most recent cases was filed in 2020 by a group of fighters led by Cung Le and Nate Quarry. They alleged that the UFC violated [[antitrust laws]] by engaging in [[anti-competitive practices]] that kept fighter pay artificially low. The plaintiffs argued that the UFC's practice of using long-term exclusive contracts and "champion's clauses" (which extend a fighter's contract automatically if they win a title) was intended to suppress fighter pay and prevent them from negotiating with other promotions. They also claimed that the UFC engaged in various other anti-competitive practices, such as blocking fighters from using their own image and likeness rights and taking a significant portion of revenue from merchandise sales. The case was initially dismissed by a judge in 2020, but the fighters appealed the decision and in 2021 the appeals court revived the lawsuit and sent it back to the lower court for further proceedings. On October 1, 2023, Zuffa's appeal to the [[Ninth Circuit court]] in its antitrust lawsuit has been denied.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-01 |title=Court denies Zuffa's appeal in UFC antitrust case |url=https://bloodyelbow.com/2023/11/01/judge-denies-zuffas-appeal-ufc/ |access-date=2023-11-02 |work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrocco |first=Steven |date=2023-11-01 |title=Zuffa denied appeal in UFC anti-trust case |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2023/11/1/23942626/zuffa-denied-appeal-in-ufc-anti-trust-case |access-date=2023-11-02 |work=MMA Fighting}}</ref><br />
<br />
On August 9, 2023, U.S. District Judge Richard Boulware granted class action status to more than 1,200 former UFC fighters who competed between December 2010 and June 2017 and are suing for $800 million upward to $1.6 billion in wages, as the lawsuit claims [[Zuffa]] had abused its power to suppress UFC fighters' wages. The anti-trust law also permits private plaintiffs to be able to recover three times the damages suffered, meaning the UFC may ultimately pay several billions of dollars' worth of damages.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Riddle |first=Matthew |title=UFC Officially Involved in Class-Action Lawsuit, Over $1.6B in Damages Possible |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/mma/news/ufc-officially-involved-in-class-action-lawsuit-billions-in-damages-possible|access-date=2024-02-04 |magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> The case has a scheduled April 8, 2024 trial date.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gift |first=Paul |title=UFC Asks Judge To Exclude 'Fundamentally Flawed' Expert Opinions In Antitrust Case |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulgift/2023/12/14/ufc-asks-judge-to-exclude-fundamentally-flawed-expert-opinions-in-antitrust-case/ |access-date=2024-01-19 |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Scarcella |first=Mike |date=November 2, 2023 |title=Prom}}</ref> On March 20, 2024, TKO, UFC parent company reached an agreement to settle all claims in the class action lawsuits for $335 million where the settlement amount will be deductible for tax purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Damon |date=2024-03-20 |title=UFC reaches settlement to close out antitrust lawsuits, promotion agrees to pay out $335 million |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2024/3/20/24106823/ufc-reaches-settlement-to-close-out-antitrust-lawsuits-promotion-agrees-to-pay-out-335-million |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref> However, on July 31, 2024, Judge Richard Boulware ruled that the case would be heard by a jury and denied the preliminary approval for a settlement and reset a tentative date for trial of October 28.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2024-07-31 |title=TKO Group, Plaintiffs in UFC Antitrust Case React to Judge Denying Settlement |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2024/07/31/ufc-plaintiffs-react-judge-denying-settlement/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Damon |date=2024-07-31 |title=Judge denies UFC antitrust lawsuit settlement, resets trial date for October |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2024/7/31/24210486/judge-denies-ufc-antitrust-lawsuit-settlement-resets-trial-date-for-october |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
====== Smith vs. UFC ======<br />
Other lawsuits have also been filed against the UFC, including one by former fighter Leslie Smith, who claimed that the UFC violated federal labor laws by classifying fighters as independent contractors instead of employees. The case was dismissed in 2019, but Smith has appealed the decision.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/29420532/ufc-antitrust-lawsuit-need-know|title = UFC antitrust lawsuit: What you need to know|date = July 14, 2020|access-date = April 14, 2023|website = reviewjournal.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.reviewjournal.com/sports/mma-ufc/ufc-antitrust-lawsuit-revived-by-appeals-court-2312717/|title = UFC antitrust reviewjournal.comlawsuit revived by appeals court|date = March 26, 2021|access-date = April 14, 2023|website = espn.com|last = Raimondi|first = Marc}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2016 sale to WME-IMG and a new era===<br />
In May 2016, ESPN originally reported that the UFC's parent company Zuffa, LLC was in talks to sell the company for $3.5 billion to $4 billion. In 2015, the UFC had a reported [[EBITDA]] of $200–250 million. No official comment was made from the UFC or Dana White regarding the sale. Companies initially interested in the sale were [[Dalian Wanda Group]], [[China Media Capital]], and [[William Morris Endeavor|WME–IMG]] (Endeavor).<ref>{{cite web|title=Sources: The UFC owners in advanced talks to sell business|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/15503004/ufc-owners-advanced-talks-sell-promotion| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://espn.go.com/mma/story/_/id/15503004/ufc-owners-advanced-talks-sell-promotion| archive-date=2021-10-18|website=ESPN|date=May 10, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
On July 9, 2016, it was officially announced that the UFC would be sold to a group led by WME–IMG, its owner [[Silver Lake Partners]], [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts]], and [[MSD Capital]], for $4.025 billion. At the time, it marked the largest-ever acquisition in sports. Flash Entertainment (owned by the government of [[Abu Dhabi]]) retained its 10% minority stake in the company. White, who owned 9% of the UFC, stayed, having been given a stake in the new business.<ref name="nyt-ufcsold">{{cite news |title=U.F.C. Sells Itself for $4 Billion |work=The New York Times |date=July 11, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/11/business/dealbook/ufc-sells-itself-for-4-billion.html?_r=0 |access-date=July 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="espn-ufcsale">{{cite web|title=Dana White on $4 billion UFC sale: 'Sport is going to the next level'|date=July 11, 2016|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/16970360/ufc-sold-unprecedented-4-billion-dana-white-confirms| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://espn.go.com/mma/story/_/id/16970360/ufc-sold-unprecedented-4-billion-dana-white-confirms| archive-date=2021-10-18 |work=ESPN |access-date=July 11, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> White remained president. Fertitta stepped down as chairman and CEO.<ref>{{cite web|title=UFC sold to WME–IMG for $4 billion; Dana White will still run day-to-day operations|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2016/07/11/ufc-sale-wwe-img-dana-white/86937834/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2016/07/11/ufc-sale-wwe-img-dana-white/86937834/| archive-date=2021-10-18|work=USA Today}}{{cbignore}}</ref> WME–IMG was renamed Endeavor in September 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|title=WME {{!}}{{cbignore}} IMG Is Now Endeavor|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7990536/wme-img-name-change-endeavor| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7990536/wme-img-name-change-endeavor| archive-date=2021-10-18|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 19, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Kroll"/><ref name="The Hollywood Reporter"/> Three years into the Endeavor era, White revealed that an undisclosed company bid $5 billion but the Fertittas chose WME–IMG due to a connection they already made with its CEO [[Ari Emanuel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/8/25/20829919/dana-white-describes-his-working-relationship-with-ufc-owner-ari-emanuel| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/8/25/20829919/dana-white-describes-his-working-relationship-with-ufc-owner-ari-emanuel| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Dana White describes his working relationship with UFC owner Ari Emanuel |author=Damon Martin|work=MMA Fighting |date=August 25, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In October 2016, ''[[MMAJunkie]]'' obtained a UFC financial report released by Endeavor, detailing that the promotion had reached a year-to-year high of $609 million in revenue during 2015. 76% of the total was credited to "content" revenue, covering media rights, PPV buys and UFC Fight Pass subscriptions; in turn, 42% of content revenue was credited to pay-per-view buys, followed by U.S. and international media rights.<ref name="MMAjunkie-2016" /><br />
<br />
====ESPN partnership====<br />
In May 2018, UFC reached new U.S. media rights deals with [[Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International]] and [[ESPN Inc.]], succeeding those with [[21st Century Fox]], which began in January 2019. The five-year contracts were cumulatively valued at $300 million per-year for digital and linear rights, roughly doubling the amount paid by Fox in the final year of its previous contract, and included 42 events on ESPN platforms per-year. [[ESPN]] linear networks televised preliminary cards for UFC PPV events, and 10 UFC on ESPN Fight Night events per-year. The subscription streaming service [[ESPN+]] broadcast 20 exclusive events per-year under the branding UFC on ESPN+ Fight Night; regardless of network, all Fight Night events featured a full, 12-fight card, and their preliminaries aired exclusively on ESPN+. The ESPN+ service also held on-demand rights to UFC library and archive content, new seasons of ''[[Dana White's Contender Series]]'', and other new original content. UFC Fight Pass was purchasable as an add-on for ESPN+ to stream pay-per-view events.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/ufc-moving-to-espn-from-fox-deal-valued-billion| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/ufc-moving-to-espn-from-fox-deal-valued-billion| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Moving to ESPN From Fox in Deal Valued at $1.5B|work=Broadcasting & Cable|access-date=May 24, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/5/23/17386740/what-we-know-about-ufc-broadcast-deal-espn-mma-news| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/5/23/17386740/what-we-know-about-ufc-broadcast-deal-espn-mma-news| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=What we know about the UFC's $1.5 billion broadcast deal with ESPN|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=May 24, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2018/05/espn-enters-the-octagon-with-ufc-streaming-deal-1202384835/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://deadline.com/2018/05/espn-enters-the-octagon-with-ufc-streaming-deal-1202384835/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=ESPN Enters The Octagon With UFC Streaming Deal|last=Hayes|first=Dade|date=May 8, 2018|work=Deadline|access-date=May 8, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2018/05/23/espn-ufc-television-rights-deal/635801002/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2018/05/23/espn-ufc-television-rights-deal/635801002/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Report: ESPN wrestles UFC television-rights deal away from Fox Sports|work=USA Today |access-date=May 23, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/5/23/17383356/report-espn-ufc-tv-rights-deal-300-million-mma-news| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/5/23/17383356/report-espn-ufc-tv-rights-deal-300-million-mma-news| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Report: ESPN lands UFC television rights deal, reportedly worth $150 million per year|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=May 23, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
On March 18, 2019, it was announced that ESPN had reached a two-year extension of the contract. In addition, future UFC PPVs [[Tying (commerce)|were only sold]] through ESPN+ to its subscribers, and were no longer be sold via traditional television providers beginning with [[UFC 236]]. At the same time, the standard price for UFC PPVs was lowered to $59.99 (from $64.99), and new subscribers were able to purchase a bundle of UFC PPV for a year of ESPN+ too.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com:443/en/Daily/Closing%20Bell/2019/03/18/ESPN%20UFC.aspx| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com:443/en/Daily/Closing%20Bell/2019/03/18/ESPN%20UFC.aspx| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=ESPN Extends With UFC; ESPN+ Becomes Exclusive PPV Provider|website=Sports Business Daily|language=en|access-date=March 18, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
====M-1 Global partnership====<br />
On July 18, 2018, it was announced that UFC had entered into a partnership with Russian MMA promoter [[M-1 Global]]. M-1 Global will serve as a farm league to scout Russian fighters for UFC and will participate in organizing UFC events in Russia. The deal also gave M-1 champions the opportunity to sign with UFC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/M1-Challenge-Announces-Partnership-with-UFC-to-Focus-on-Russian-MMA-Talent-139655| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/M1-Challenge-Announces-Partnership-with-UFC-to-Focus-on-Russian-MMA-Talent-139655| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=M-1 Challenge Announces Partnership with UFC to Focus on Russian MMA Talent|website=Sherdog|access-date=July 21, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/m-1/russian-mma-promotion-m-1-announces-deal-ufc/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/m-1/russian-mma-promotion-m-1-announces-deal-ufc/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Russian MMA promotion M-1 announces deal with the UFC {{!}}{{cbignore}} BJPenn.com|date=July 18, 2018|work={{!}} BJPenn.com|access-date=July 21, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic====<br />
Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the UFC went on with its March 13, 2020 event, [[UFC Fight Night: Lee vs. Oliveira]] in [[Brasília]], Brazil, behind closed doors.<ref name="COVID-19">{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/03/ufc-on-espn-plus-28-brasilia-brazil-no-fans-coronavirus-pandemic-mma-sports| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/03/ufc-on-espn-plus-28-brasilia-brazil-no-fans-coronavirus-pandemic-mma-sports| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Coronavirus pushes UFC on ESPN+ 28 behind closed doors in Brasilia: Reports|author=Simon Head|date=March 11, 2020|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|access-date=March 12, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On March 16, the organization announced that the next three events, [[UFC Fight Night: Woodley vs. Edwards]], [[UFC on ESPN: Ngannou vs. Rozenstruik]], and [[UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Harris]], would be postponed to future dates.<ref name="Nolan King and John Morgan">{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/03/ufc-postpones-three-events-coronavirus-pandemic| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/03/ufc-postpones-three-events-coronavirus-pandemic| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC postpones three events amid growing coronavirus outbreak|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Nolan King and John Morgan|date=March 15, 2020|access-date=March 16, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In regards to its next [[pay-per-view]], [[UFC 249]] on April 18, UFC president Dana White stated that the event would likely go on, but at a new venue behind closed doors. It was originally to be held at [[Barclays Center]], but a [[stay-at-home order]] was issued by the New York state government.<ref name="Nolan King and John Morgan"/> On March 18, the [[New York State Athletic Commission]] also withdrew its sanctioning for the event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thescore.com/mma/news/1965609| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.thescore.com/mma/news/1965609| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Commission stops UFC 249 from happening in New York|publisher=thescore.com|author=Nick Baldwin|date=March 18, 2020|access-date=March 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Due to international travel restrictions and other withdrawals, a revised card for UFC 249 was unveiled on April 6 with a location still TBD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/29002048/dana-white-says-tony-ferguson-justin-gaethje-headline-ufc-249| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/29002048/dana-white-says-tony-ferguson-justin-gaethje-headline-ufc-249| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Dana White says Tony Ferguson-Justin Gaethje to headline UFC 249|work=ESPN|author=Marc Raimondi|date=April 6, 2020|access-date=April 7, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/4/6/21209211/ufc-announces-updated-lineup-for-ufc-249-andrade-vs-namajunas-2-still-co-headlines| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/4/6/21209211/ufc-announces-updated-lineup-for-ufc-249-andrade-vs-namajunas-2-still-co-headlines| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC 249 fight card announced, Andrade vs. Namajunas 2 still co-headlines|work=MMA Fighting |author=Alexander K. Lee|date=April 6, 2020|access-date=April 7, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The next day, White disclosed that he had booked an unspecified venue for two months, in order to host both UFC 249 and other future events involving U.S. fighters. He also disclosed plans to secure a [[private island]], known as "[[Fight Island]]", to host events with international fighters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/4/7/21211634/dana-white-covid-19-plans-weekly-fights-at-ufc-249-location-a-private-island-and-joe-rogan| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/4/7/21211634/dana-white-covid-19-plans-weekly-fights-at-ufc-249-location-a-private-island-and-joe-rogan| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Dana White's COVID-19 plan: Two months of weekly fights at UFC 249 location, a private island, and Joe Rogan|work=MMA Fighting |author=Steven Marrocco|date=April 7, 2020|access-date=April 7, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
The new UFC 249 venue was subsequently revealed to be [[Tachi Palace]]—a [[tribal casino]] in [[Lemoore, California]]; as it is on tribal land, it also fell outside of the jurisdiction of the [[California State Athletic Commission]], meaning that events held there could be self-sanctioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/04/reports-ufc-249-set-to-take-place-on-california-tribal-land| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/04/reports-ufc-249-set-to-take-place-on-california-tribal-land| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Reports: UFC 249 finds home on California tribal land|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Damon Martin|date=April 7, 2020|access-date=April 10, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On April 9, the UFC announced that UFC 249 had been cancelled, and all other UFC events would be suspended until further notice. White cited interventions from high-ranking staff of the UFC's U.S. media rightsholders, [[ESPN Inc.]] and parent [[The Walt Disney Company]], as well as Governor Newsom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/29018339/dana-white-says-ufc-249-not-happen-april-18| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/29018339/dana-white-says-ufc-249-not-happen-april-18| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Dana White says UFC 249 will not happen April 18|work=ESPN|author=Brett Okamoto|date=April 9, 2020|access-date=April 9, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/4/9/21215721/ufc-249-upcoming-events-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus-dana-white-promises-fight-island-will-proceed| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/4/9/21215721/ufc-249-upcoming-events-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus-dana-white-promises-fight-island-will-proceed| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC 249, upcoming events postponed due to coronavirus pandemic, Dana White promises 'Fight Island' will proceed|work=MMA Fighting |author=Damon Martin|date=April 9, 2020|access-date=April 9, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The ''[[New York Post]]'' reported that Governor of California [[Gavin Newsom]] had contacted Disney chairman and former CEO [[Bob Iger]], urging ESPN and the UFC to not hold the event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/04/california-gov-gavin-newsom-disney-request-to-shut-down-ufc-249| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/04/california-gov-gavin-newsom-disney-request-to-shut-down-ufc-249| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Report: California Gov. Gavin Newsom asked Disney to shut down UFC 249|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Simon Samano|date=April 9, 2020|access-date=April 10, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the decree that professional sports were deemed as "essential services" in Florida, UFC 249 took place on May 9, 2020, at [[VyStar Veterans Memorial Arena]] in [[Jacksonville, Florida]] with no fans in attendance. Precautionary health and safety measures proposed by the UFC satisfied the Florida State Boxing Commission, which regulates MMA in the state. [[UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Teixeira]] and [[UFC on ESPN: Overeem vs. Harris]] were scheduled to take place at the same venue on May 13 and 16, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/apr/25/ufc-coronavirus-fights-announced-florida| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/apr/25/ufc-coronavirus-fights-announced-florida| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC announces three events to be held without fans at Jacksonville arena|newspaper=The Guardian |agency=Associated Press|date=April 25, 2020|access-date=May 12, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On Friday, May 8, the UFC announced middleweight fighter [[Ronaldo Souza]] was removed from his bout with [[Uriah Hall]] at UFC 249 and quarantined after he tested positive for COVID-19, along with his cornermen, despite following the protocols enforced by the UFC. No other athletes or staff tested positive for the disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-05-08/ufc-249-no-fans-jacksonville-tony-ferguson-justin-gaethje| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-05-08/ufc-249-no-fans-jacksonville-tony-ferguson-justin-gaethje| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=The long, winding road to UFC 249 leads to a night that promises to be special<br />
|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|author=Arash Markazi |date=May 8, 2020|access-date=May 12, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2021, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the UFC held its [[UFC 261]] event, again at the VyStar Arena in Jacksonville, but with a 100-% sold-out capacity, where attendees were not required to wear masks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-23|title=UFC 261 to have first full fan attendance since before COVID|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/sports/mma-ufc/ufc-261-to-have-first-full-fan-attendance-since-before-covid-2336954/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.reviewjournal.com/sports/mma-ufc/ufc-261-to-have-first-full-fan-attendance-since-before-covid-2336954/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-04-28|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021|title=Ron DeSantis welcomes 'full-throttle' UFC to Jacksonville|work=Florida Politics|url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/422941-ron-desantis-welcomes-full-throttle-ufc-to-jacksonville/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://floridapolitics.com/archives/422941-ron-desantis-welcomes-full-throttle-ufc-to-jacksonville/| archive-date=2021-10-18}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Bohn|first=Mike|date=2021-04-25|title=UFC President Dana White on Packed Arena: 'It's Time to Get Back to Normal'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-sports/ufc-dana-white-jacksonville-florida-1160890/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-sports/ufc-dana-white-jacksonville-florida-1160890/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-04-28|magazine=Rolling Stone}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Public health experts criticized the event, citing the risks to attendees, as well as to the wider community.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Piggott|first=Jim|date=2021-04-22|title=Health experts urge caution as Jacksonville hosts UFC 261|url=https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/2021/04/22/health-experts-urge-caution-as-jacksonville-hosts-ufc-261/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/2021/04/22/health-experts-urge-caution-as-jacksonville-hosts-ufc-261/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-04-28|work=WJXT}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Controversy over eye pokes====<br />
In March 2021, there was strong pressure on the UFC to use new fighter gloves after a severe [[eye poke]] ended the final bout at [[UFC Fight Night: Edwards vs. Muhammad]].<ref name="Harkness-2021">{{Cite web|last=Harkness|first=Ryan|date=2021-03-14|title=UFC fighters call for new gloves after eye poke ending at UFC Vegas 21|url=https://www.mmamania.com/2021/3/14/22330298/ufc-fighters-call-for-new-gloves-following-eye-poke-ending-to-ufc-vegas-21| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmamania.com/2021/3/14/22330298/ufc-fighters-call-for-new-gloves-following-eye-poke-ending-to-ufc-vegas-21| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-03-15|website=MMAmania.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tabuena|first=Anton|date=2021-03-15|title=Several fighters ask for better UFC gloves after horrible eye poke against Belal Muhammad|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2021/3/15/22331235/several-fighters-ask-for-better-ufc-gloves-after-horrible-eye-poke-against-belal-muhammad| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2021/3/15/22331235/several-fighters-ask-for-better-ufc-gloves-after-horrible-eye-poke-against-belal-muhammad| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-03-15|work=Bloody Elbow}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The official UFC gloves are constructed in a way that leaves the fighters fingers extended forward, whereas there are alternative gloves, which the UFC has not used, which are curved at the knuckle and keep a fighter's fingers tucked down.<ref name="Harkness-2021" /> Fighters, trainers and commentators called for new gloves, citing the harms posed to fighters from the standard UFC gloves.<ref name="Harkness-2021" /><br />
<br />
==== Zuffa buyout by Endeavor ====<br />
On April 29, 2021, Endeavor successfully launched an [[initial public offering]] (IPO) and became a publicly traded company listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Brett Okamoto |date=April 29, 2021 |title=UFC parent company Endeavor goes public with stock sale |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/31358407/ufc-parent-company-endeavor-goes-public-stock-sale |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/31358407/ufc-parent-company-endeavor-goes-public-stock-sale |archive-date=2021-10-18 |work=[[ESPN]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Endeavor subsequently used some of the proceeds from the IPO to buy out Zuffa's other shareholders at a value of $1.7 billion, making Zuffa a wholly owned subsidiary of Endeavor.{{r|Endeavor buyout}}<br />
<br />
====Betting scandal====<br />
On November 5, 2022, controversy arose when the call for a sports betting fraud investigation was made on a fight involving [[Darrick Minner]] a student of [[James Krause (fighter)|James Krause]], who is a UFC coach and avid bettor, and [[Shayilan Nuerdanbieke]] at [[UFC Fight Night: Rodriguez vs. Lemos]]. The UFC was informed by sources that suspicious betting patterns had been observed on the fight.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=UFC to review suspicious betting activity before Shayilan Nuerdanbieke's win over Darrick Minner |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/11/ufc-review-suspicious-betting-activity-shayilan-nuerdanbieke-vs-darrick-minner |access-date=2023-02-06 |work=MMA Junkie}}</ref> Minner became a large betting underdog just hours before the fight, and the cause of the suspicion came when Minner threw a kick with an apparently injured leg, then kicked with it again after showing signs of injury before being finished by technical knockout shortly thereafter.<br />
<br />
On November 6, the UFC released a statement that its official betting partner would look into the matter, but that none of the fighters, coaches, or officials related to the fight were suspected of any wrongdoing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC: No evidence fighters or their teams acted irresponsibly or unethically as betting probe opens |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/ufc-betting-probe-opens-darrick-minner-shayilan-nuerdanbieke-054625503.html |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Yahoo Sports |date=November 7, 2022}}</ref> On November 18, the Nevada State Athletic Commission informed the UFC and Krause that Krause's license was suspended and would remain so during the course of the investigation. The UFC then announced that any fighter who chose to continue to be coached by Krause or who continued to train in his gym, would not be permitted to participate in UFC events pending the outcome of the aforementioned government investigations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-02 |title=UFC Statement Regarding James Krause |url=https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-statement-regarding-james-krause |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=ufc.com}}</ref><br />
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Following the controversy, UFC introduced rules that banned athletes, coaches, and their close family from betting on UFC events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC Bans Fighters From Betting On UFC Fights |url=https://sbcamericas.com/2022/10/18/ufc-fighter-sports-betting-ban/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=sbcamericas.com|date=October 18, 2022 }}</ref><br />
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=== TKO era ===<br />
==== Endeavor and WWE merger to form TKO ====<br />
On September 12, 2023, Endeavor merged with [[professional wrestling]] promotion [[WWE]] to form a new publicly traded company under the stock symbol "TKO", overseen by Endeavor's CEO Ari Emanuel. WWE's shareholders held a 49% stake in the new company, with [[Vince McMahon]] serving as an [[executive chairman]] before resigning on January 26, 2024, after Janel Grant, a former WWE employee, filed a lawsuit against McMahon for sex trafficking and sexual assault;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-27 |title=Vince McMahon resigns from WWE, TKO positions amid sex trafficking allegations |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/01/vince-mcmahon-resigns-from-wwe-tko-positions-amid-sex-trafficking-allegations |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=MMA Junkie}}</ref> the merger agreement valued UFC at $12.1 billion. White continued to serve as the CEO for UFC, with his role remaining the same as during the Endeavor period.<ref name="TKO" /><br />
<br />
On June 6, 2025, the UFC announced the creation of [[UFC Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]] (UFC BJJ), a sister [[submission grappling]] promotion company described by the UFC as "the world’s new premier [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]] live event series".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-announces-launch-ufc-brazilian-jiu-jitsu-worlds-new-premier-brazilian-jiu-jitsu-live-event|title=UFC Announces Launch UFC Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, World's New Premier Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Live Event Series|work=UFC.com|date=June 6, 2025|accessdate=June 6, 2025}}</ref> The promotion held its inaugural event, UFC BJJ 1: Musumeci vs. Gabriel, on June 25, 2025, as part of [[UFC 317]] International Fight Week. During the build-up to UFC BJJ 1, the ''UFC BJJ: Road to the Title'' [[reality television|reality]] [[web television]] series aired daily on [[YouTube]].<br />
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====Paramount partnership====<br />
On August 11, 2025, UFC announced a seven-year, $7.7 billion media rights agreement with [[Paramount Skydance]]; the agreement will see all UFC events stream exclusively on [[Paramount+]] in the United States, including 13 numbered events and 30 UFC Fight Night cards per-year. Under the agreement, UFC will move away from the pay-per-view model for numbered events: they will stream at no additional charge to Paramount+ subscribers, and it was stated that "selected" numbered events would also be carried by the [[CBS]] broadcast network. TKO Group CEO [[Mark Shapiro (media executive)|Mark Shapiro]] described the PPV model as "outdated"; while the exact number of events on broadcast television has not been determined, Shapiro did not rule out that all numbered events could be aired by CBS. Contrarily, White did not rule out "one-off" PPV events in a hypothetical scenario.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-11 |title=Dana White isn't closing the door on pay-per-view after $7.7 billion Paramount deal |url=https://nypost.com/2025/08/11/sports/ufcs-ppv-future-not-dead-dana-white-says-after-7-7b-paramount-deal/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=New York Post |language=en-US}}</ref> The contract is one of the first major new rights agreements reached by the company since its acquisition by [[Skydance Media]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Alex |date=2025-08-11 |title=Paramount buys UFC rights in $7.7 billion, 7-year deal in first major move post-Skydance merger |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/11/paramount-buys-ufc-rights-skydance-merger.html |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lerner |first=Drew |date=2025-08-11 |title=TKO president: CBS 'likely' to simulcast all numbered UFC events |url=https://awfulannouncing.com/paramount-global/tko-president-cbs-likely-simulcast-all-numbered-ufc-events.html |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Awful Announcing |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-11 |title=TKO CEO Ariel Emanuel and COO Mark Shapiro on $1.1B/year Paramount deal |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2025/08/11/tko-ceo-ariel-emanuel-and-coo-mark-shapiro-on-1-point-1byear-paramount-deal.html |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> On October 28, 2025, UFC and Paramount Skydance announced that all UFC events would also stream exclusively on Paramount+ in Latin America, while Australia would exclusively get all UFC Fight Nights and preliminary matches for the numbered events on their version of the service, as the main card rights are held by [[Foxtel]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weprin |first1=Alex |title=Paramount Expands Deal With UFC, Adds Latin America and Australia Streaming Rights |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/paramount-ufc-rights-latin-america-australia-1236411520/ |access-date=October 28, 2025 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=October 28, 2025}}</ref><br />
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==Facilities==<br />
===UFC Apex===<br />
The [[UFC Apex]] is a live events and production facility. The facility was officially opened on June 18, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2019 |title=UFC Apex Officially Opens In Las Vegas |url=https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-apex-officially-opens-las-vegas |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-apex-officially-opens-las-vegas |archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=2020-06-08 |work=UFC}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In the wake of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], several UFC events (including [[UFC 250]]) were held at Apex [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind closed doors]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-27 |title=UFC 250 among 4 fight cards approved for Vegas |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/29230313/nsac-approves-upcoming-ufc-boxing-events-vegas |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/29230313/nsac-approves-upcoming-ufc-boxing-events-vegas |archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=2020-05-28 |work=ESPN}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haring |first=Bruce |date=2020-05-28 |title=Las Vegas Coming Back To Life, As State Approves UFC Events, Boxing Matches And Casinos For Reopening Dates |url=https://deadline.com/2020/05/las-vegas-reopening-ufc-top_rank-casinos-1202945044/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://deadline.com/2020/05/las-vegas-reopening-ufc-top_rank-casinos-1202945044/ |archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=2020-05-28 |work=Deadline}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-08 |title=How a "bubble" in Las Vegas became the solution for Top Rank and boxing's return |url=https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/29283251/how-bubble-las-vegas-became-solution-top-rank-boxing-return |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/29283251/how-bubble-las-vegas-became-solution-top-rank-boxing-return |archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=2020-06-10 |work=ESPN}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The Octagon at the Apex is notable for being smaller than the Octagon used at all other UFC events, with 25-foot width rather than the usual 30-feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guillen Jr |first=Adam |date=2020-05-25 |title=UFC to use 25-foot Octagon (not 30) for all APEX events, starting with UFC on ESPN 9 |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2020/5/25/21269925/ufc-use-25-foot-octagon-not-30-all-apex-events-ufc-on-espn-9-las-vegas-mma |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=MMAmania.com}}</ref><br />
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===UFC Performance Institute===<br />
The [[UFC Performance Institute]] is the official mixed martial arts school for UFC.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dosh|first=Kristi|title=Inside The New $14 Million UFC Performance Institute Revolutionizing MMA Training|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristidosh/2017/10/05/inside-the-new-14-million-ufc-performance-institute-revolutionizing-mma-training/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristidosh/2017/10/05/inside-the-new-14-million-ufc-performance-institute-revolutionizing-mma-training/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=June 9, 2020|work=Forbes}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The building is located in [[Las Vegas]], Nevada opposite the UFC Apex.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UFC® ANNOUNCES LAUNCH OF UFC ACADEMY COMBINE|url=https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-announces-launch-of-ufc-academy-combine-shanghai-china| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-announces-launch-of-ufc-academy-combine-shanghai-china| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=June 9, 2020|work=UFC|date=June 13, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 26, 2018|title=Inside The Octagon: UFC's Performance Institute|url=https://frntofficesport.com/inside-the-octagon-ufcs-performance-institute/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://frntofficesport.com/inside-the-octagon-ufcs-performance-institute/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=June 9, 2020|website=Front Office Sports}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The institute was opened in 2017, and is the world's first mixed martial arts center for innovation, research and training.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SportTechie Awards: UFC Performance Institute Is Our 2019 Venue of the Year|url=https://www.sporttechie.com/ufc-performance-institute-sporttechie-awards-sports-technology| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.sporttechie.com/ufc-performance-institute-sporttechie-awards-sports-technology| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=June 9, 2020|website=sporttechie.com|date=December 31, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UFC Performance Institute Releases Detailed Journal Analyzing Fighter Tendencies in MMA|url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-Performance-Institute-Releases-Detailed-Journal-Analyzing-Fighter-Tendencies-in-MMA-138251| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-Performance-Institute-Releases-Detailed-Journal-Analyzing-Fighter-Tendencies-in-MMA-138251| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=June 10, 2020|website=Sherdog}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Raimondi|first=Marc|date=June 24, 2018|title=The UFC Performance Institute wants to curtail extreme weight cutting, but answers are hard to come by|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/6/24/17486578/the-ufc-performance-institute-wants-to-curtail-extreme-weight-cutting-but-answers-hard-to-come-by| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/6/24/17486578/the-ufc-performance-institute-wants-to-curtail-extreme-weight-cutting-but-answers-hard-to-come-by|archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=June 10, 2020|work=MMA Fighting}}{{cbignore}}</ref> As many as 400 MMA athletes have visited the center, as well as [[NFL]], [[NBA]], [[NHL]] and [[MLB]] athletes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UFC Performance Institute|url=http://www.ufc.com/performance-institute/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/performance-institute/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=June 9, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In June 2019, a second facility was opened in [[Shanghai, China]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Alexander K.|date=2019-06-20|title=UFC opens Performance Institute in Shanghai|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/6/20/18693742/ufc-opens-performance-institute-in-shanghai| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/6/20/18693742/ufc-opens-performance-institute-in-shanghai| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-02-13|work=MMA Fighting}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2021, UFC was named the official "high performance advisor" of the [[Chinese Olympic Committee]] (COC), under which the Performance Institute in Shanghai would be designated as an official high performance training facility of the COC, and would offer access to its resources for Chinese athletes training to compete in the [[Olympic Games]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-02|title=UFC Performance Institute to help Chinese athletes prepare for upcoming Olympic Games {{!}} MMAWeekly.com|url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-performance-institute-to-help-chinese-athletes-prepare-for-upcoming-olympic-games| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-performance-institute-to-help-chinese-athletes-prepare-for-upcoming-olympic-games| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-02-13}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In February 2024, the third Performance Institute was opened in [[Mexico City]], Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=Dana White gushes over opening a UFC Performance Institute in Mexico City |url=https://www.marca.com/en/ufc/2024/02/23/65d8f364e2704e2ab18b45ac.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref><br />
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==Drug policy efforts==<br />
During the early years of [[mixed martial arts]], when [[Pride Fighting Championships]] along with the Ultimate Fighting Championship were early premierships of the sport, it has been documented that there was a noteworthy lack of rules and regulations regarding drug testing for [[performance-enhancing drugs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/7/20/5920195/enson-inoue-pride-contract-shows-no-steroid-testing-mma-news|title=Enson Inoue's PRIDE FC contract highlights lack of steroid testing|first=Kyle|last=McLachlan|date=July 20, 2014|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjpenn.com/pride-contract-stated-fighters-could-use-steroids/|title=PRIDE Contract Stated Fighters Could Use Steroids|work=- BJPenn.com UFC Fight News & Videos|access-date=September 12, 2023|archive-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185656/http://www.bjpenn.com/mmanews/pride-contract-stated-fighters-could-use-steroids/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scifighting.com/2013/09/02/10716/steroids-in-pride-a-retrospective/|title=Steroids In Pride: A Retrospective|first=Adam|last=Brennan|date=September 2, 2013|work=SciFighting|access-date=September 12, 2023|archive-date=August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814070906/https://www.scifighting.com/2013/09/02/10716/steroids-in-pride-a-retrospective/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This led to a widespread debate and discussion regarding how prevalent the use of steroids were in the sport, as well as a long list of competitors in the UFC and other major organizations facing failed drug tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cagepotato.com/mma-steroid-busts-definitive-timeline/|title=MMA Steroid Busts: The Definitive Timeline [UPDATED With Testosterone Busts]|date=March 2016 }}</ref> This was further highlighted by continued problems with UFC champions, including [[Jon Jones]] and [[Anderson Silva]], failing drug tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/12197656/jon-jones-ufc-no-room-cocaine-addict|title=Jon Jones of UFC – 'No room to be cocaine addict'|work=ESPN.com|date=January 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/12338927/anderson-silva-fails-second-drug-test|title=Anderson Silva fails second drug test|work=ESPN.com|date=February 17, 2015}}</ref> So in February 2015, UFC announced a more aggressive year round, random-testing approach for its competitors to begin in July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-officials-unveil-plans-for-more-robust-drug-testing-of-athletes|title=UFC Officials Unveil Plans For More Robust Drug Testing Of Athletes|work=UFC|date=September 14, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/12343412/ufc-drug-test-fighters-year-round-part-new-anti-doping-plan|title=UFC to drug test fighters year-round as part of new anti-doping plan|work=ESPN.com|date=February 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/2/17/8045981/ufcs-decisions-regarding-peds-will-change-direction-of-the-sport|title=UFC's decisions regarding PEDs will change direction of the sport|first=Dave|last=Meltzer|date=February 18, 2015|work=MMA Fighting}}</ref><br />
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===USADA anti-doping partnership (2015–2024)===<br />
UFC announced a partnership with [[United States Anti-Doping Agency]] (USADA) on June 3, 2015, as the UFC's official, independent anti-doping agency. The UFC USADA testing program became effective on July 1, 2015, and includes a minimum of 2,750 drug tests per year with an average of five tests per fighter, and punishments for fighters who fail the tests.<ref name="mmajunkie.com">{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2015/06/ufc-confirms-partnership-with-usada-details-of-out-of-competition-testing-program| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.com/2015/06/ufc-confirms-partnership-with-usada-details-of-out-of-competition-testing-program| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC confirms partnership with USADA, details of out-of-competition testing program|date=June 3, 2015|website=MMA Junkie|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Under the UFC Anti-Doping Policy, fighters are subject to random tests at any time and place on all in- and out-of-competition blood and [[urine sample]]s collected by USADA. Fighters must participate in the testing pool for at least six months prior to a fight in order to qualify for a UFC event.<ref name="mmajunkie.com"/> In February 2017, UFC made changes to the anti-doping policy, effective April 1, 2017, as follows: (1) Fighters who are new to the UFC with no previous contract would be subject to a one-month testing rule. The same rule applies to returning fighters who were terminated or whose contracts were not renewed at the decision of the UFC. Previously, returning or terminated fighters were required to undergo four months of testings prior to competing in a fight. (2) Returning fighters who have chosen to retire, go on hiatus, or had a non-renewal of their contract, are required to be in a six-month testing pool prior to competition. (3) No doping violation is handed down to newly signed UFC fighters who voluntarily disclose the use of a prohibited substance prior to testing. (4) "In-competition" testing begins at noon on the weigh-in day and ends one hour after a fighter clears a post-fight medical for non-selected post-fight testing. For fighters who are subjected to post-fight testing the in-competition testing ends after any post-fight testing is done.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mmaimports.com/2017/03/usada-drug-testing-policies-loosen-up-for-ufc-fighters-heres-the-update/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmaimports.com/2017/03/usada-drug-testing-policies-loosen-up-for-ufc-fighters-heres-the-update/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=USADA Drug Testing Policies Loosen Up For UFC Fighters, Here's The Update|date=March 29, 2017|work=MMA Imports|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2017/12/11/16740288/ufc-usada-loophole-secret-exemptions-from-drug-testing-peds-steroids| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2017/12/11/16740288/ufc-usada-loophole-secret-exemptions-from-drug-testing-peds-steroids| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC-USADA loophole could be letting chosen athletes avoid testing in secret|last=Kidd|first=Iain|date=December 11, 2017|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/sports/ufc-and-usada-make-significant-changes-to-anti-doping-policy|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.foxnews.com/sports/ufc-and-usada-make-significant-changes-to-anti-doping-policy|archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC and USADA make significant changes to anti-doping policy|date=February 17, 2017|work=FoxSports|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2018, it was indicated no announcements would be made on fighters who have been flagged for a potential doping violation until the entire adjudication processes are conducted with the results of the potential doping violation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lowkickmma.com/ufc-makes-major-changes-to-usada-drug-testing-policy/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.lowkickmma.com/ufc-makes-major-changes-to-usada-drug-testing-policy/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Makes Major Changes To USADA Drug-Testing Policy|last1=Drahota|first1=Mike|last2=MMA|first2=LowKick|date=September 29, 2018|website=LowKickMMA.com|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmanytt.com/ufc/ufc-and-usada-make-major-change-to-anti-doping-policy-going-forward/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmanytt.com/ufc/ufc-and-usada-make-major-change-to-anti-doping-policy-going-forward/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC and USADA Make Major Change to Anti-Doping Policy Going Forward|date=September 29, 2018|website=MMAnytt.com|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> This came after several cases of fighters, such as [[Anderson Silva]], Junior dos Santos, [[Josh Barnett]] and [[Cris Cyborg]], being flagged for potential doping violations, but cleared after they were proved of unintentional use of [[performance enhancing drug]]s (usually in the form of contaminated supplements).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/9/29/17918010/ufc-changes-policy-on-when-it-announces-failed-drug-tests| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/9/29/17918010/ufc-changes-policy-on-when-it-announces-failed-drug-tests| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC changes policy on when it announces failed drug tests|work=MMA Fighting|access-date=September 29, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On November 25, 2019, news surfaced that the UFC and USADA had revised their policies, providing a list of certified supplements that will not lead to sanctions should contaminated samples occur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2019/11/ufc-usada-anti-doping-policy-changes-announced| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2019/11/ufc-usada-anti-doping-policy-changes-announced| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC, USADA address contaminated supplements issue with 'significant changes' to anti-doping policy|author=Simon Head|publisher=mmajunkie.com|date=November 25, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In January 2021, USADA announced that marijuana would no longer be included in the list of banned substances and they would not penalize any fighter for testing positive for it either before, during, or after a fight. The only exception would be if a fighter was visibly impaired on fight night.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-15|title=Marijuana No Longer Banned Substance In UFC|url=https://jitsmagazine.com/marijuana-no-longer-banned-substance-in-ufc/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://jitsmagazine.com/marijuana-no-longer-banned-substance-in-ufc/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-08-21|website=Jitsmagazine.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Fighters are subject to be suspended up to four years depending on the banned substance used. The common banned substances detected by USADA from suspended fighters are [[7-keto-DHEA]] for weight loss, [[Anastrozole]] for [[estrogen]] blocker, [[Clenbuterol]] for thinning blood to increase oxygen, [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] for stimulating the production of [[red blood cell]]s which would increase oxygen to muscles, [[Higenamine]] for increase heart contraction and speeding up heart rate, [[Tamoxifen]] for estrogen blocker, [[Furosemide]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]] for diuretic agent to mask potential doping evidence, [[Meldonium]] for stimulating the production of red blood cells which would increase oxygen to muscles, [[Cocaine]], [[Fentanyl]] for substances of abuse, [[Boldenone]], [[Turinabol]]- ([[steroid]] for horses), [[Drostanolone]], [[hGH]], [[Ibutamoren]], [[Ipamorelin]], [[LGD-4033]], [[Metandienone]], [[Ostarine]], [[Stanozolol]], [[Trenbolone]] for increased muscle mass and strength, [[Androstenedione]], [[Androstadienone|Androsta]], [[Clomiphene]], [[Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone]], and [[Testosterone]] for increased testosterone.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Wheaton|first1=Timothy|last2=Writer|first2=Staff|title=Guide: PED Substance Breakdown and UFC USADA Violations|date=August 17, 2021|url=https://mmasucka.com/2021/08/17/ped-breakdown-and-usada-violations/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmasucka.com/2021/08/17/ped-breakdown-and-usada-violations/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-08-21}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2015, USADA conducted 353 tests and 2291 tests in 2016 on 586 UFC fighters with [[Anderson Silva]] tested the most of a total of 15 times.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Jonathan Bradley |date=February 23, 2017 |title=Here are the UFC fighters USADA tested the most in 2016 |work=FOX Sports |access-date=May 17, 2019 |url=http://www.foxsports.com/ufc/gallery/here-are-the-ufc-fighters-usada-tested-the-most-in-2016-022317 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.foxsports.com/ufc/gallery/here-are-the-ufc-fighters-usada-tested-the-most-in-2016-022317 |archive-date=2021-10-18 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2017 and 2018 a total of 2818 and 2888 tests were conducted by USADA respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ufc.usada.org/testing/results/testing-numbers/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://ufc.usada.org/testing/results/testing-numbers/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Testing Numbers|website=UFC Anti-Doping Program|language=en-US|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
As of May 16, 2019, a total of 76 UFC fighters had been sanctioned by USADA since the UFC USADA testing program started.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mma-insiders.com/a-quick-look-at-all-usada-banned-ufc-fighters-since-2016-reveals-bellators-problem/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mma-insiders.com/a-quick-look-at-all-usada-banned-ufc-fighters-since-2016-reveals-bellators-problem/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=A quick look at all USADA banned UFC fighters since 2016 – Reveals Bellator's problem.|date=May 16, 2019|website=Combat Arena|language=en-GB|access-date=May 17, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
On October 11, 2023, USADA announced that its partnership with the UFC would end on January 1, 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/mcgregor-ufc-usada-drug-testing-57739c247d61b7e7b88aab61ae071ff5|title=Conor McGregor back in testing pool but USADA says it's splitting with UFC|work=Associated Press|author=Associated Press staff|date=October 11, 2023|access-date=October 11, 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Drug Free Sport International anti-doping partnership (2024–present) ===<br />
With the UFC's partnership with USADA coming to an end in 2023, the UFC announced a new partnership with Drug Free Sport International, the same company that oversees the anti-doping programs of the [[NCAA]], [[MLB]], [[NFL]], and [[NBA]]. The administration of the UFC Anti-Doping Program, including sanctioning decisions, will be handled exclusively and independently by Combat Sports Anti-Doping (CSAD), where the former FBI agent [[George Piro]] would serve as the independent administrator of the UFC's anti-doping program.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Segura |first=Danny |date=2023-10-12 |title=UFC to continue anti-doping program, announces partnership with Drug Free Sport International |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2023/10/ufc-announces-partnership-with-drug-free-sport-international-continues-anti-doping-program-after-usada |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=MMA Junkie}}</ref> This partnership began in 2024, after their contract with USADA expired on December 31, 2023. The UFC announced that former FBI agent [[George Piro]] would serve as the independent administrator of the UFC's anti-doping program.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Anti-piracy efforts==<br />
UFC has been one of the largest and most aggressive spenders among anti-piracy political [[lobbyists]] in the United States since the end of the 2000s.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/mma/post/2012-05-18/ufc-among-sports-big-spenders-with-dc-lobbyists/697054/1 | work=USA Today | title=Updated monthly | date=2012-05-18}}</ref> One thing in particular that sets them apart from other sports leagues is that, in addition to supporting efforts of stricter piracy laws, they have also on numerous occasions gone after selected individuals in addition to pirate hosting websites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://combatsportslaw.com/2014/03/10/zuffa-v-piracy-expensive-lessons-in-summarydefault-judgements/|title=Zuffa v. Piracy – Expensive Lessons in Default Judgement|work=Combat Sports Law|date=March 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2012/3/13/2868272/ufc-piracy-legal-zuffa-streaming|title=UFC Taking Action Against Individuals Who Illegally Stream Events|first=Brent|last=Brookhouse|date=March 13, 2012|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=October 1, 2023|archive-date=August 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808184638/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2012/3/13/2868272/ufc-piracy-legal-zuffa-streaming|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of the most notable cases have included, a well publicized lawsuit with [[Justin.tv]] in 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/01/21/ufc-sues-justin-tv-says-50-000-people-viewed-ufc-121-illegally|title=UFC Sues Justin.tv, Says 50,000 People Viewed UFC 121 Illegally|first=Michael David|last=Smith|date=January 21, 2011|work=MMA Fighting}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmaweekly.com/pirates-beware-zuffa-files-lawsuit-against-justin-tv-for-alleged-illegal-ufc-video-uploading|title=Pirates Beware! Zuffa Files Lawsuit Against Justin.tv For Alleged Illegal UFC Video Uploading|work=Cdn.mmaweekly.com|date=January 21, 2011 |access-date=2016-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmamania.com/2012/3/22/2893430/ufc-lawsuit-justin-tv-not-guilty-internet-piracy-online-video-stream-sopa|title=Courts find Justin.tv not guilty of 'stealing cable' in lawsuit filed by UFC|first=Jesse|last=Holland|date=March 22, 2012|work=MMAmania.com}}</ref> and a $32 million settlement involving a New York man in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/sports/mma-ufc/ufc-targets-new-york-man-crackdown-piracy|title=UFC targets New York man in crackdown on piracy|first=Alan|last=Snel|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|date=June 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxsports.com/ufc/haymaker/zuffa-reaches-settlement-in-32-million-lawsuit-against-ppv-pirate-091214|title=Zuffa reaches settlement in $32 million lawsuit against PPV pirate|work=FOX Sports}}</ref><br />
<br />
UFC has always maintained the stance that the large amounts of illegal streams of their events causes massive financial losses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjpenn.com/ufc-confirms-theyre-losing-millions-from-piracy/|title=UFC Confirms They're Losing Millions From Piracy – BJPenn.com UFC Fight News & Videos|work=- BJPenn.com UFC Fight News & Videos|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225044638/http://www.bjpenn.com/ufc-confirms-theyre-losing-millions-from-piracy/|archive-date=2014-12-25}}</ref> In response to having such a stringent stance it has been extremely controversial and has caused a number of debates within the mixed martial arts community on its effectiveness.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120320/10225718173/ufc-makes-awful-decision-to-sue-some-its-biggest-fans.shtml|title=UFC Makes The Awful Decision To Sue Some Of Its Biggest Fans|work=Techdirt.|date=March 22, 2012 }}</ref> As a result, the UFC began experimenting on an online subscription model known as UFC Fight Pass in 2014. It is unclear how beneficial the service has been since its emphasis has been largely minimal next to UFC's partnership with [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] and noticeable decline in average PPV buyrates, highlighted by the [[S&P]] downgrading [[Zuffa]]'s credit rating in late 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/10/12/6965831/standard-poors-downgrades-zuffa-credit-rating-after-rough-2014|title=Standard & Poors downgrades Zuffa credit rating after rough 2014|first=Zane|last=Simon|date=October 12, 2014|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=October 1, 2023|archive-date=December 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207185919/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/10/12/6965831/standard-poors-downgrades-zuffa-credit-rating-after-rough-2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Insurance policy==<br />
On May 9, 2011, it was announced that UFC would be providing year-round customized insurance coverage for any injury suffered by Strikeforce and UFC independent contractor athletes.<ref name="mmafighting.com">{{cite web|last=Chiappetta |first=Mike |url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/05/09/ufc-executives-detail-new-insurance-plan-fighters-managers-rea/ |title=UFC Execs, Fighters and Managers Discuss New Insurance Plan |date=May 9, 2011 |publisher=MMA Fighting |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Non|first=Sergio|title=UFC broadens health coverage for fighters|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/mma/post/2011/05/ufc-broadens-health-coverage-for-fighters/1|access-date=September 30, 2011|newspaper=USA Today|date=May 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmaweekly.com/details-about-zuffas-new-fighter-insurance-and-coverage-for |title=Details About Zuffa's New Fighter Insurance and Coverage for UFC and Strikeforce |publisher=MMAWeekly.com |date=2011-05-09 |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref><ref name="mmamania.com">{{cite web|last=Con |first=Genghis |url=http://www.mmamania.com/2011/5/9/2162589/hurts-so-good-new-details-emerge-about-the-ufc-health-insurance-plan |title=Hurts so good: New details emerge about the UFC health insurance plan |date=May 9, 2011 |publisher=MMAmania.com |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref><ref name="themmatruth.com">{{cite web |last=Cordero |first=Angel R. |url=http://themmatruth.com/articles/ufc-announces-unprecedented-accident-insurance-coverage-for-its-athletes |title=UFC Announces Unprecedented Accident Insurance Coverage for Its Athletes |publisher=Themmatruth.com |access-date=2012-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808233814/http://themmatruth.com/articles/ufc-announces-unprecedented-accident-insurance-coverage-for-its-athletes |archive-date=2012-08-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Helwani|first=Ariel|title=Zuffa to offer accident insurance to all 350 contracted fighters|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/42964079/ns/sports-mma/|access-date=September 30, 2011|newspaper=NBC Sports|date=May 9, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105110240/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/42964079/ns/sports-mma/|archive-date=November 5, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sherdog.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Zuffa-Expands-Fighter-Insurance-to-Cover-Training-Injuries-32204 |title=Zuffa Expands Fighter Insurance to Cover Training Injuries |publisher=Sherdog.com |date=2011-05-09 |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref> The policy covers any injuries that occur during competition, training, and non-training related accidents. The policy was underwritten by Houston-based specialty insurance group [[HCC Insurance Holdings]] and went into effect on June 1, 2011.<ref name="sherdog.com" /><br />
<br />
The details of the policy include:<br />
* Coverage for all athletes signed by the UFC or Strikeforce.<br />
* Coverage for athletes residing both within and outside of the United States.<ref name="mmafighting.com"/><br />
* Zuffa paying for all premiums for the policy, with athletes not required to pay anything.<br />
* Allowing athletes to use up to $50,000 in annual coverage for any injuries that occur while under contract to Zuffa. This includes services such as, doctor services, laboratory tests, emergency medical evacuation, and physical therapy.<br />
* Coverage for athletes regardless of if they are scheduled to compete.<br />
* Life and dental insurance at no cost to the athletes.<ref name="mmafighting.com"/><br />
* No coverage for minor illnesses, but training-related illnesses like [[staph infections]] are covered.<ref name="mmamania.com"/><br />
<br />
An insurance policy is not a first for mixed martial arts or [[combat sports]] as a whole. Former promotions such as the [[International Fight League]], offered insurance to its athletes. However Zuffa's policy is the first to cover a large group of combat sport athletes.<ref name="themmatruth.com"/> According to UFC president [[Dana White]], the policy was a goal of the company since Zuffa first purchased the UFC in 2001. In addition UFC chairman and [[CEO]], [[Lorenzo Fertitta]] stated that the policy took three years to establish while trying to find possible insurers.<ref name="mmafighting.com" /> Prior to the introduction of this policy, Zuffa provided up to $100,000 for an athlete on each event to cover injuries sustained during competition. However, if an athlete was injured outside of competition they would have to pay for their own medical expenses.<ref name="sherdog.com" /><br />
<br />
Notable incidents where UFC athletes were injured outside of competition include,<br />
* [[Frank Mir]], who was struck by a car while riding his motorcycle in 2004, and forced out of competition for over 20 months.<br />
* [[Brock Lesnar]], who was forced out of action for several months while struggling with [[diverticulitis]].<br />
<br />
==Impact on MMA regulations==<br />
The current rules used in the UFC were first established by the [[New Jersey Athletic Control Board]] in 2000, in consultation with the UFC and other MMA promotions in the United States.<ref name="state.nj.us">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.nj.us/lps/sacb/docs/martial.html |title=NJ State Athletic Control Board – Proposed Rules – Rules Governing Boxing, Extreme Wrestling and Sparring Exhibitions and Performance Bond Procedure |publisher=State.nj.us |access-date=2012-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403062008/http://www.state.nj.us/lps/sacb/docs/martial.html |archive-date=April 3, 2009 }}</ref> The first UFC event under the new rules was [[UFC 28]], held before Zuffa's takeover. New Jersey's ''Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts'' has since been established throughout the country by other state athletic commissions, including Nevada and California.<ref name="state.nj.us"/> The UFC has, however, kept close ties with state commissions, especially the [[Nevada State Athletic Commission]], of which Lorenzo Fertitta is a former board member.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=LearnUFC.FactSheet |title=The Official Website of the Ultimate Fighting Championship® |publisher=UFC |access-date=2012-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627235500/http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=learnufc.factsheet |archive-date=2010-06-27 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Controversies==<br />
{{main|Ultimate Fighting Championship controversies}}<br />
<br />
==Legal disputes and monopoly accusations==<br />
===Federal Trade Commission investigation===<br />
In the months following the March 2011 acquisition of rival promotion Strikeforce, rumours began to circulate that a possible investigation by the FTC would take place.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 7, 2011 |title=MMA: Rumors Surge Regarding an FTC Investigation of Zuffa/UFC - BoxingInsider.com |url=http://www.boxinginsider.com/columns/mma-rumors-surge-regarding-an-ftc-investigation-of-zuffaufc/ |work=BoxingInsider.com}}</ref> These rumours later came to be true when it was officially announced around the end of January 2012 that the FTC had in fact conducted an investigation, and found no wrongdoings regarding the UFC being a monopoly.<ref>{{cite web |title=FTC Closes Investigation of UFC Parent Company Zuffa |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/FTC-Closes-Investigation-of-UFC-Parent-Company-Zuffa-39817 |work=Sherdog}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 2012 |title=FTC closes probe of UFC's Strikeforce purchase, won't take further action |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/7525483/ftc-closes-probe-ufc-strikeforce-purchase-take-further-action |work=ESPN.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 1, 2012 |title=FTC closes monopoly investigation of UFC |url=http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/news/381842/FTC-closes-monopoly-investigation-of-UFC |work=The Underground}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Class action lawsuits===<br />
<br />
==== 2014 ====<br />
On December 16, 2014, a [[class action]] lawsuit was filed against UFC by fighters [[Cung Le]], [[Jon Fitch]] and [[Nate Quarry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/ClassAction-Lawsuit-Filed-Against-UFC-by-Cung-Le-Jon-Fitch-Nate-Quarry-78853|title=Class-Action Lawsuit Filed Against UFC by Cung Le, Jon Fitch, Nate Quarry|work=Sherdog}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/early-lead/wp/2014/12/18/ufc-fighters-file-class-action-lawsuit-accusing-mixed-martial-arts-promotion-of-violating-anti-trust-laws/ | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | first=Marissa | last=Payne | title=UFC fighters file class-action lawsuit accusing mixed martial arts promotion of violating antitrust laws | date=2014-12-18}}</ref> Within a few days, [[Javier Vazquez (fighter)|Javier Vazquez]] and [[Dennis Hallman]] filed a second class action.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/12/dennis-hallman-javier-vasquez-join-class-action-lawsuit-against-ufc|title=Dennis Hallman, Javier Vasquez join class-action lawsuit against UFC|work=MMAjunkie|date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> And on December 24, [[Brandon Vera]] and [[Pablo Garza (fighter)|Pablo Garza]] filed a third lawsuit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/12/24/7448055/brandon-vera-and-pablo-garza-file-third-class-action-suit-on|title=Brandon Vera and Pablo Garza File Third Class Action Suit on Christmas Eve|first=John S.|last=Nash|date=December 24, 2014|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref> Shortly after the initial news spreading, UFC quickly responded following the first class action with the statement that, "The UFC will vigorously defend itself and its business practices."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/12/ufc-promises-to-vigorously-defend-itself-against-class-action-suit|title=UFC promises to 'vigorously' defend itself against class-action suit – MMAjunkie|work=MMAjunkie|date=December 17, 2014}}</ref> This soon led other promoters such as [[Scott Coker]], President of [[Bellator MMA]], expressing an interest in the outcome of the lawsuit, while rejecting his organization as being labeled a "minor league" as was done several times in the initial filing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/12/26/7450619/ufc-bellator-scott-coker-interested-outcome-ufc-lawsuit-bellator-not-minor-league-mma-news|title=Scott Coker interested in outcome of UFC class-action lawsuit, says Bellator is not a 'minor league'|first=Karim|last=Zidan|date=December 26, 2014|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref> By the end of December 2014, the UFC made a formal statement stating, "We are proud of the company we have built, confident in our legal position, and intend to prevail in this lawsuit."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-statement-2|title=UFC Statement|work=UFC|date=September 14, 2018 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2015 ====<br />
On February 7, 2015, a fourth lawsuit was filed against the UFC, this one by [[Mac Danzig]] and [[Gabe Ruediger]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fightofthenight.com/news/mac-danzig-and-gabe-ruediger-file-lawsuit-against-zuffa|title=Mac Danzig And Gabe Ruediger File Lawsuit Against Zuffa|first=Jason|last=Henderson|date=February 7, 2015|work=Fight of the Night}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mymmanews.com/lawsuits-piling-zuffa-additional-former-ufc-fighters/|title=Lawsuits piling up on ZUFFA, additional fighters sue|work=My MMA News.com|date=February 6, 2015}}</ref> It was around this time that UFC motioned to move the hearing date from May 7 to March 26, as well as to move the venue from Northern California to Las Vegas, where they are headquartered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/2/3/7968899/ufc-lawsuit-details-full-documents-on-zuffas-motion-to-transfer/in/7162628|title=UFC Lawsuit: Details and full documents on UFC's Motion to transfer venue, and advance hearing date|first=Anton|last=Tabuena|date=February 3, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=October 1, 2023|archive-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909142012/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/2/3/7968899/ufc-lawsuit-details-full-documents-on-zuffas-motion-to-transfer/in/7162628|url-status=dead}}</ref> A few weeks later, UFC motioned to have the lawsuits dismissed, in four separate documents they claim, "The Complaints' vague and conclusory allegations fall far short of the Supreme Court's requirements in ''[[Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly]]'', for pleading specific facts showing a plausible antitrust claim."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/2/28/8125455/mma-ufc-zuffa-motion-to-dismiss-antitrust-lawsuit-fighters|title=UFC files motion to dismiss fighter antitrust lawsuit|first=Paul|last=Gift|date=February 28, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shortly thereafter, a fifth lawsuit was added by [[Kyle Kingsbury]] and [[Darren Uyenoyama]] on March 20, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/3/21/8268695/ufc-lawsuit-two-more-fighters-file-antitrust-complaint-against-zuffa|title=UFC Lawsuit: Two more fighters file antitrust complaint against Zuffa|first=John S.|last=Nash|date=March 21, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref> On April 12, the plaintiff athletes filed an opposition to February's motion to dismiss and transfer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/4/12/8390411/fighters-opposition-to-motion-to-dismiss-transfer-filed/in/7162628|title=UFC Lawsuit: Fighters file opposition to Zuffa's motion to dismiss & transfer|first=John S.|last=Nash|date=April 12, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=October 1, 2023|archive-date=December 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223073529/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/4/12/8390411/fighters-opposition-to-motion-to-dismiss-transfer-filed/in/7162628|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the May 7 hearing regarding the motion to change venue, a Californian federal judge granted UFC the motion to change venue to Las Vegas after citing contract agreements from the former employees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/6/3/8717945/ufc-class-action-antitrust-lawsuit-motion-transfer-venue-nevada-mma-news|title=Judge grants UFC's motion to transfer antitrust case to Nevada|first=Paul|last=Gift|date=June 3, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref> As a result of the change of venue to Nevada, UFC was denied its motion to remain a [[Discovery (law)|discovery]] for 15 years of its financial records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/5/14/8604095/ufc-fighter-monopoloy-lawsuit-zuffa-files-motion-to-stay-discovery-of-15-years/in/7162628|title=Zuffa files motion to stay discovery of '15 years of Zuffa's financial statements'|first=John S.|last=Nash|date=May 14, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024214601/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/5/14/8604095/ufc-fighter-monopoloy-lawsuit-zuffa-files-motion-to-stay-discovery-of-15-years/in/7162628|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/7/28/9064379/ufc-fighters-lawsuit-judge-denies-motion-discovery-antitrust/in/7162628|title=Judge denies UFC's motion to stay discovery in antitrust lawsuit|first=John S.|last=Nash|date=July 29, 2015|work=Bloody Elbow|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=August 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811170415/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/7/28/9064379/ufc-fighters-lawsuit-judge-denies-motion-discovery-antitrust/in/7162628|url-status=dead}}</ref> This would prompt a debate, especially by MMAFA founder Rob Maysey, on who should have access to the UFC's sensitive information and how that information should be viewed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|date=2015-08-28|title=UFC to keep Maysey, MMAFA from confidential info|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/8/28/9221583/ufc-antitrust-lawsuit-discovery-confidential-information-zuffa-vs-maysey-mmafa-mma-legal-news|access-date=2020-11-18|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Both sides have argued for different criteria, so as not to put them at a disadvantage. However, UFC has requested a two-tiered system of confidentiality: confidential and highly confidential. They have stated they feel that Maysey's access to highly confidential information could have an influential impact on him and his role in the MMAFA. Meanwhile, Maysey has openly stated his goal is to represent the fighters and ultimately try to get a reform similar to the [[Ali Act]] of 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wanderlei Silva & MMAFA push for Muhammad Ali Act in MMA – YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3CiNZN7rd4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/T3CiNZN7rd4 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-18|via=YouTube| date=August 3, 2015 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Moving forward to September 25, 2015, due to the gradual nature and complications regarding the lawsuit; UFC requested another dismissal of the case and asked that it be thrown out of Las Vegas federal court. In a surprise bench ruling, this was ultimately denied, which promoted the UFC to release a formal response.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|date=2015-09-25|title=UFC loses motion to dismiss antitrust lawsuit|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/9/25/9363209/ufc-loses-motion-to-dismiss-antitrust-lawsuit-mma-news|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-26|title=Court denies UFC motion to dismiss antitrust suit|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/13741330/court-denies-ufc-motion-dismiss-antitrust-lawsuit|access-date=2020-11-19|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=UFC Statement on Antitrust Hearing in Las Vegas {{!}} UFC|url=https://www.ufc.com/node/73971|access-date=2020-11-19|website=ufc.com|date=September 14, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The following week, magistrate judge Peggy Leen ruled that the UFC could not prevent plaintiffs attorney Rob Maysey from viewing its most highly confidential and sensitive business and financial information. This has officially caused an expert discovery that is estimated to last from 12 to 16 months (September 2016 to January 2017).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|date=2015-10-01|title=Lawsuit: UFC loses twice, full discovery to begin|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/1/9430995/ufc-loses-two-motions-discovery-antitrust-lawsuit-mma-news|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref> In doing so, both parties will have to hand over various highly confidential and sensitive documents.<br />
<br />
The goal of the expert discovery is to determine three key factors for antitrust liability to all hold true: (1) Does the UFC have monopoly power? (2) Did the UFC acquire or maintain such power through exclusionary conduct? (3) Did the UFC cause antitrust injury since having a monopoly is not always illegal in the United States? This is expected to involve a wide range of important figures (past and present) in both mixed martial arts and boxing, including most top ranked UFC staff, [[Scott Coker]], [[Bjorn Rebney]], [[Ray Sefo]], [[Frank Shamrock]], [[Fedor Emelianenko]], [[Randy Couture]], [[Ben Askren]], [[Mark Cuban]], [[Oscar De La Hoya]], [[Bob Arum]], [[Lou DiBella]], [[Bob Meyrowitz]], Ken Hershman and even various [[PRIDE FC]] executives. Following this ruling through the end of 2015, both sides have provided well over 100,000 documents.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|date=2015-11-17|title=Lawsuit: UFC produces 108k documents for fighters|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/11/17/9748132/ufc-lawsuit-update-plaintiffs-argue-discovery-108000-documents-produced-mma-news|access-date=2020-11-19|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2016 ====<br />
Starting in January, the UFC defense team filed its official answer, denying the fighters' antitrust claims. In an amended complaint, which contained nearly identical legal and economic substance to the original version from December 2014. The only major difference being the number of plaintiff fighters has declined from eleven to six.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|date=2016-01-20|title=UFC filing: Penalized for competing aggressively|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2016/1/20/10796946/antitrust-lawsuit-ufc-files-answer-denying-fighter-claims-mma-news|access-date=2020-11-20|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref> Pablo Garza, Gabe Ruediger, Darren Uyenoyama, Dennis Hallman, and Mac Danzig all dropped out of the lawsuit while the original three plaintiffs, Cung Le, Nate Quarry, and Jon Fitch, remain along with Brandon Vera, Javier Vazquez, and Kyle Kingsbury. In addition, UFC has stood by its point of protecting its brand. Additionally, the UFC inadvertently produced PRIDE FC acquisition materials.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|date=2016-04-03|title=Lawsuit: Oops. UFC accidentally gives fighters PRIDE e-mail|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2016/4/3/11354336/ufc-inadvertently-produced-pride-email-antitrust-lawsuit-mma-news|access-date=2020-11-20|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following this in October, UFC made a motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint, which was ultimately denied.<br />
<br />
==== 2017 and 2018 ====<br />
By this point of the lawsuit, there was considerably less notable coverage of the case. Aside from the occasional legal filings, the first of which being in February 2018 in which the plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification which faced opposition from UFC. Furthered in September, when the plaintiffs filed their opposition to UFC's motion for summary judgment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UFC Antitrust Litigation|url=https://saverilawfirm.com/our-cases/ufc/|access-date=2020-11-20|website=Joseph Saveri Law Firm|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Before finally on December 5, 2018, when the plaintiffs held an informational session to cover the status of the lawsuit in Las Vegas, Nevada.<ref>{{Cite press release|last=Montague|first=Berger|title=Plaintiffs in Pending Class Action Lawsuit Against UFC are Hosting Information Session for Current and Former UFC Fighters on December 5, 2018|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/plaintiffs-in-pending-class-action-lawsuit-against-ufc-are-hosting-information-session-for-current-and-former-ufc-fighters-on-december-5-2018-300739720.html|access-date=2020-11-20|website=PRNewswire|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
All of which led to some major breaking news in regards to financial information about UFC being revealed once hearings started taking place in August and September. At this point the case included 12 plaintiffs attorneys, two from Bellator MMA, and two from [[Top Rank]]. As they intend to look into the business practices used by UFC throughout the years towards other MMA promotions throughout the 2000s. Who often have placed some level of blame of their demise on UFC.<br />
<br />
Some of the most notable revelations included:<br />
* The WME–IMG purchase for the UFC in 2016 was for $4 billion. As was speculated at the time of purchase.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|title=UFC Lawsuit: Select Promoter Financials Finally Released, Including The Big One|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulgift/2019/07/16/ufc-lawsuit-select-promoter-financials-finally-released-including-the-big-one/|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><br />
* Athlete compensation ranged from 18.6% to 20.5% during 2011 to 2013. Compared to Strikeforce's wage share being around 63% and Bellator's around 44.7%. In addition, evidence was provided that showed that UFC made it part of its business strategy to keep athlete compensation below 25%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gift|first=Paul|title=UFC Lawsuit Hearings, Day 1: Eventful Yet Uneventful|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulgift/2019/08/27/ufc-antitrust-lawsuit-hearings-day-1-eventful-uneventful-mma-news/|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sherdog.com|title=Five Things We Learned From UFC Antitrust Hearings|url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/Five-Things-We-Learned-From-UFC-Antitrust-Hearings-161091|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Sherdog}}</ref><br />
* Yearly revenue, PPV, and other financial figures for most of the time UFC owned the company.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nash|first=John S.|date=2015-10-20|title=UFC Finances: What lenders know about Zuffa's revenue|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/20/9547333/what-deutsche-bank-moodys-and-standard-poors-tell-us-about-the-ufc|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nash|first=John S.|date=2019-09-23|title=Zuffa Finances: The economics of a UFC event|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2019/9/23/20858442/zuffa-finances-the-economics-of-a-ufc-event|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref><br />
* Detailed accounts of negotiation tactics used on particular athletes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bissell|first=Tim|date=2019-08-13|title=UFC lawsuit docs reveal Joe Silva's negotiation tactics with Nick Diaz, Roy Nelson, and Hector Lombard|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2019/8/13/20758629/ufc-lawsuit-docs-reveal-joe-silva-negotiation-tactics-nick-diaz-roy-nelson-hector-lombard-mma-news|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref><br />
* UFC paid former Pride Fighting Championships CEO [[Nobuyuki Sakakibara]] $10 million for a 7-year non-compete clause.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahjouri|first=Shakiel|date=2019-09-01|title=Zuffa paid PRIDE CEO Nobuyuki Sakakibara $10 Million for a 7-year non-compete clause|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2019/9/1/20842916/zuffa-paid-pride-ceo-nobuyuki-sakakibara-10-million-non-compete-clause-ufc-news|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Ultimate Fighting Championship has been accused of monopolistic business practices both in casual criticism<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nerdreactor.com/2011/03/12/its-official-ufc-is-a-monopoly/|title=It's Official, UFC Is a Monopoly|work=Nerd Reactor|date=March 12, 2011|access-date=September 12, 2023|archive-date=August 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820010516/https://nerdreactor.com/2011/03/12/its-official-ufc-is-a-monopoly/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1122107-ufc-opinion-how-having-a-monopoly-can-hurt-mma|title=UFC|first=Montique|last=David|work=Bleacher Report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://themmacorner.com/2014/01/24/industry-dominance-the-ufc-and-its-monopoly-in-the-mma-market/|title=Industry Dominance: UFC And Its 'Monopoly' In The MMA Market|first=Greg|last=Byron|work=The MMA Corner|access-date=September 12, 2023|archive-date=June 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625053136/http://themmacorner.com/2014/01/24/industry-dominance-the-ufc-and-its-monopoly-in-the-mma-market/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/6/30/5846330/ufc-monopoly-panel-discussion-paul-gift-david-dudley|title=Panel discussion: Is the UFC a Monopoly?|first=John S.|last=Nash|date=June 30, 2014|work=Bloody Elbow}}</ref> and in formal lawsuits for a number of years. There are numerous fighters who have accused the company of various wrongdoing's regarding issues including unequal pay, predatory actions toward rival promotions, lack of a [[pension]] or [[Trade union|union]] safety net, and other perceived unethical business practices. These perceptions have been most highlighted by a [[Federal Trade Commission]] investigation that took place between 2011 and 2012. As well as in a series of class action lawsuits filed against the company in late 2014 and early 2015.<br />
<br />
==== 2024 ====<br />
In July 2024, the parties in the ''Le v Zuffa'' and ''Johnson vs. Zuffa'' lawsuits had a proposed $335 million settlement rejected by Judge [[Richard Franklin Boulware II]] of the [[United States District Court for the District of Nevada]]. Subsequently, in September 2024, a new $375 million settlement was proposed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hale |first=Andreas |date=September 26, 2024 |title=UFC reaches $375M settlement in Le v. Zuffa antitrust lawsuit |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/41455273/ufc-reaches-375m-settlement-le-vs-zuffa-antitrust-lawsuit |access-date=October 7, 2024 |work=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
On February 6, 2025, Judge Richard Boulware of Nevada granted final approval for a $375 million settlement in the "Le vs. Zuffa" antitrust lawsuit for monopolistic practices. As part of the settlement, around $240 million to $260 million will be distributed to eligible fighters, specifically those who competed in at least one UFC bout from December 2010 to June 2017. These payments are expected to be made over the next year. Additionally, $40 million from the settlement will be set aside for administrative and legal expenses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Damon |date=2025-02-06 |title=Judge issues final approval on $375 million UFC antitrust lawsuit settlement |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2025/2/6/24360275/judge-issues-final-approval-on-375-million-ufc-antitrust-lawsuit-settlement |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref> A second, related antitrust lawsuit, "Johnson vs. Zuffa", which covers fighters who competed in the UFC from 2017 to the present, remains unresolved and continues to proceed separately.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=UFC antitrust settlement preliminarily approved by judge for Le vs. Zuffa |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/10/ufc-news-antitrust-lawsuit-le-settlement-boulware |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=Judge Approves $375 Million Settlement in UFC Antitrust Lawsuit |url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Judge-Approves-36375-Million-Settlement-in-UFC-Antitrust-Lawsuit-195290 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Sherdog |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== 2025 ====<br />
In May 2025, two antitrust lawsuits were filed against the UFC. One, led by former fighter [[Misha Cirkunov]], specifically challenges the enforceability of arbitration clauses and class action waivers in UFC contracts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cirkunovs v. Zuffa LLC et al, No. 2:2025cv00914 - Document 17 (D. Nev. 2025) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/nevada/nvdce/2:2025cv00914/174857/17/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=UFC sued by ex-fighter in lawsuit that could change everything |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/mma/news/ufc-sued-by-ex-fighter-in-lawsuit-that-could-change-everything |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=MMA Knockout On SI |language=en-US}}</ref> The other lawsuit, filed by former fighter [[Phil Davis (fighter)|Phil Davis]], alleges that the UFC's anticompetitive practices also negatively impacted the ability of non-UFC fighters to secure fair wages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Davis v. Zuffa, LLC et al |url=https://dockets.justia.com/docket/nevada/nvdce/2:2025cv00946/174930 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Justia Dockets & Filings |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=read |first=Mark Anderson·2 min |date=2025-06-02 |title=Former UFC fighters file lawsuits, alleging the MMA promotion restricts their earning potential |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/former-ufc-fighters-file-lawsuits-221958526.html |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-31 |title=Two former UFC fighters file new antitrust lawsuits against promotion |url=https://www.cbssports.com/mma/news/two-former-ufc-fighters-file-new-antitrust-lawsuits-against-promotion/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Relationships with combat sports organizations==<br />
<br />
===International Fight League===<br />
Throughout the existence of the [[International Fight League]] (IFL) between 2006 and 2008, both UFC and the IFL had competed in a hostile relationship. UFC accused the IFL and sued them for illegally using proprietary information obtained by hiring executives from their organization. The IFL responded with their own suit claiming that UFC was threatening potential partners not to work with the IFL, including [[Fox Sports Net]] (a deal with Fox Sports was later signed before resolution of the suit<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/IFL-Inks-Broadcast-Deal-with-Fox-Sports-Net-4205 |title=IFL Inks Broadcast Deal with Fox Sports Net |publisher=Sherdog.com |date=2006-03-29 |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref>). The tension between the IFL and the UFC worsened with accusations that the IFL had attempted to buy out several top UFC fighters.<br />
<br />
In July 2008, there were reports of the IFL's possible purchase by the UFC.<ref>{{cite web|first=Corey|last=Lorinsky|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/2008/7/ufc-might-buy-clobbered-international-fight-league-ifli- |title=Hope For KO-ed International Fight League (IFLI): UFC Might Buy It* |work=Business Insider |date=2008-07-18 |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref> That same month, Joe Favorito, former IFL senior vice president, cited financial troubles for the closing of the company on July 31, 2008. Anonymous sources stated that UFC had bought the IFL.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zuffa purchases IFL|url=http://www.thefightnetwork.com/news/805:zuffa-purchases-ifl/|work=Fight Network|access-date=August 1, 2011}}</ref> Other reports cited the UFC's airing of IFL footage on its programming, and the signing of previous IFL fighters, as an indirect confirmation of the purchase.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20091201045527/http://www.5thround.com/07252008/news/1293/ifl-going-goinggone/]}}</ref><br />
<br />
===World Fighting Alliance===<br />
On December 11, 2006, the UFC acquired the assets of the [[World Fighting Alliance]], and formed WFA Enterprises, LLC. as a subsidiary to handle these assets, including select fighter contracts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=news.detail&gid=3959 |title=Subsidiary of Zuffa, LLC Acquires Assets from World Fighting Alliance, Inc |publisher=Ufc.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410002850/http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=news.detail&gid=3959 |archive-date=2010-04-10 }}</ref> On the same day, it was reported that UFC was formalizing plans to buy [[World Extreme Cagefighting]], to be run as a separate promotion.{{Update inline|date=November 2020|reason=}}<br />
<br />
===World Extreme Cagefighting===<br />
Following the purchase of the [[World Extreme Cagefighting]] (WEC), UFC made several changes to the promotion. This included modifying the WEC's cage, transferring to a focus on lighter weight classes, giving it the ability to host events in [[Las Vegas]], and having the championships of fighters who were contracted UFC fighters vacated. From 2007 to the end of 2010, the WEC was run as a separate promotion under the UFC banner, airing events [[WEC 28|28]] to [[WEC 53|53]] on [[Versus (TV channel)|Versus]] in the US and on [[The Score Television Network|The Score]] in Canada. On October 28, 2010, [[Dana White]] announced that the WEC would be absorbed into the UFC in early 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCIWWLnJSN4&feature=sub |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/zCIWWLnJSN4 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Exclusive: Dana White Announces UFC-WEC Merger |date=October 28, 2010 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=2012-08-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Pride Fighting Championships===<br />
{{main|Pride Fighting Championships#Pride Worldwide era}}<br />
<br />
On March 27, 2007, it was announced that the UFC's [[Frank Fertitta III]] and [[Lorenzo Fertitta]] were acquiring the assets of [[Pride Fighting Championships]], the UFC's largest rival, from [[Dream Stage Entertainment]]. To handle the take over, the Fertitta brothers created a new corporate entity to handle the assets, Pride FC Worldwide Holdings LLC. With common ownership in place, Zuffa and Pride Worldwide would be working closely together.<ref>[http://www.mmaweekly.com/absolutenm/templates/dailynews.asp?articleid=3053&zoneid=13] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111019/http://www.mmaweekly.com/absolutenm/templates/dailynews.asp?articleid=3053&zoneid=13|date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> Although goals of reviving Pride were not realized, many of Pride's assets, including contracts with fighters and intellectual property, are now regularly utilized by the UFC.<br />
<br />
===Strikeforce===<br />
On March 12, 2011, it was announced that the UFC had purchased [[Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)|Strikeforce]]<ref name="sports.espn.go.com">{{cite web|first=Josh |last=Gross |url=https://www.espn.com/extra/mma/news/story?id=6209923 |title=UFC parent company Zuffa buys rival MMA promoter Strikeforce |publisher=ESPN |date=2011-03-13 |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Helwani |first=Ariel |url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2011/03/12/zuffa-purchases-strikeforce/ |title=Zuffa Purchases Strikeforce |date=March 12, 2011 |publisher=MMA Fighting |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Whitman |first=Mike |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/Zuffa-Purchases-Strikeforce-30800 |title=Zuffa Purchases Strikeforce |publisher=Sherdog.com |date=2011-03-12 |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/22807/ufc-purchases-strikeforce.mma |title=UFC purchases Strikeforce; UFC boss says organizations to operate independently |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2011-03-12 |access-date=2012-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731021112/http://mmajunkie.com/news/22807/ufc-purchases-strikeforce.mma |archive-date=2012-07-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Stupp |first=Dann |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/22822/ufc-officially-announces-strikeforce-purchase-fertitta-says-coker-to-run-promotion.mma |title=UFC officially announces Strikeforce purchase, Fertitta says Coker to run promotion |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2011-03-14 |access-date=2012-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023144456/http://mmajunkie.com/news/22822/ufc-officially-announces-strikeforce-purchase-fertitta-says-coker-to-run-promotion.mma |archive-date=2012-10-23 }}</ref> in a deal made with partial owner [[Silicon Valley Sports and Entertainment]].<ref name="sports.espn.go.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/news/309950/Coker-tried-failed-to-get-control-of-Strikeforce/ |title=Coker tried, failed to get control of Strikeforce – Mixed Martial Arts News |date=March 14, 2011 |publisher=Mixedmartialarts.com |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref> The amount of money involved has not been officially disclosed, however, it has been reported that the deal was worth $40 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/news/309911/Zuffa-reportedly-paid-40-million-for-Strikeforce/ |title=Zuffa reportedly paid $40 million for Strikeforce – Mixed Martial Arts News |date=March 14, 2011 |publisher=Mixedmartialarts.com |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref> The deal included licensing rights, fighter contracts, and the Strikeforce video library.<ref name="bloodyelbow.com">{{cite web |last=Prophet |first=Zombie |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2011/3/13/2047456/ufc-strikeforce-acquisition-more-details-emerge |title=More Details Emerge on UFC Acquisition of Strikeforce |publisher=Bloody Elbow |date=2011-03-13 |access-date=2012-08-06 |archive-date=June 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617045941/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2011/3/13/2047456/ufc-strikeforce-acquisition-more-details-emerge |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="sports.espn.go.com"/> Strikeforce continued to operate as a separate company, similar to that of the WEC, until January 12, 2013. After the final show was held in [[Oklahoma City]], the promotion was dissolved and several fighter contracts were absorbed into the UFC.<br />
<br />
===United Glory===<br />
When [[United Glory]] was originally formed in 2006, it was known as Ultimate Glory before a lawsuit with UFC forced a name change.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leidecker |first=Tim |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/European-Throwdown-Overeem-Goodridge-in-Works-14278 |title=European Throwdown: Overeem-Goodridge in Works |publisher=Sherdog.com |date=2008-09-04 |access-date=2012-08-06}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Invicta Fighting Championships===<br />
In June 2014 the UFC announced that they had signed a multi-year, multi-event broadcast deal to show and archive all [[Invicta Fighting Championships]] events on [[UFC Fight Pass]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-fight-pass-incivta-deal|title=UFC FIGHT PASS signs historic content deal with Invicta FC|work=UFC|date=September 14, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2014/6/5/5784496/ufc-inks-distribution-deal-of-all-invicta-events-for-fight-pass|title=UFC inks distribution deal of all Invicta events for Fight Pass|first=Dave|last=Meltzer|date=June 6, 2014|work=MMA Fighting}}</ref> This has allowed the UFC to further expand its women's divisions by adding a [[strawweight]] division in July 2014, and signing Invicta fighters such as [[Carla Esparza]] and [[Felice Herrig]].<br />
<br />
===Shooto===<br />
In June 2014 the UFC announced that they had signed a development deal with the recently revived, [[Vale Tudo Japan]]. A brand that was brought back in 2012 by the long running, [[Shooto]] promotion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-signs-development-deal-with-shooto-in-japan|title=UFC and Japan's VTJ Sign Historic Deal|work=UFC|date=September 14, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxsports.com/ufc/story/ufc-signs-developmental-deal-with-shooto-in-japan-062614|title=UFC signs developmental deal with SHOOTO in Japan|work=FOX Sports}}</ref> The UFC plans on promoting and operating a new tournament series that will focus on [[Bantamweight (MMA)|135]] and [[Featherweight (MMA)|145]] pound divisions. There were plans of a ''[[The Ultimate Fighter]]''-like TV show to help promote these tournaments but it is unclear on what the status remains on it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fansided.com/2014/06/26/ufc-partners-former-shooto-promotion/|title=UFC partners with former Shooto promotion|work=FanSided|date=June 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2014/6/26/5844564/ufc-partners-with-vale-tudo-japan-for-tv-show-and-tournament|title=UFC partners with Vale Tudo Japan for TV show and tournament|first=Dave|last=Meltzer|date=June 26, 2014|work=MMA Fighting}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Rules and features==<br />
The current rules for the Ultimate Fighting Championship were originally established by the [[New Jersey Athletic Control Board]].<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/lps/sacb/docs/martial.html Mixed Martial Arts Unified Rules of Conduct, Additional Mixed Martial Arts Rules] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403062008/http://www.state.nj.us/lps/sacb/docs/martial.html |date=April 3, 2009}}, New Jersey Athletic Control Board. Retrieved April 3, 2006.</ref> The set of "[[Mixed martial arts rules#Unified Rules of MMA|Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts]]" that New Jersey established has been adopted in other states that regulate mixed martial arts, including Nevada, Louisiana, and California. These rules are also used by many other promotions within the United States, becoming mandatory for those states that have adopted the rules, and so have become the standard ''de facto'' set of rules for professional mixed martial arts across the country.<ref name="Boice" /><br />
<br />
===Rounds===<br />
UFC matches vary in maximum length, depending on whether the match is for a championship title, or is a fight card's "main event" fight. In all fights, each round can be no longer than five minutes. Championship fights last for a maximum of five rounds. Beginning with [[UFC 138]] on November 5, 2011, non-championship "main event" fights (i.e. the final fight on the card) will also last for a maximum of five rounds. Non-main event bouts last for a maximum of three rounds. [[UFC 263]] marked the first time in UFC history that a non-title bout other than the main-event was scheduled for 5 rounds. [[UFC on FX: Alves vs. Kampmann]] featured the organization's first two flyweight fights as part of its first flyweight tournament, which consists of bouts that, in the event of a draw, go to a fourth "sudden victory" round held to determine the winner, who advances. There is a one-minute rest period between rounds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2022 |title=UFC Rounds Rules: How many rounds are there in a UFC Fight? |url=https://www.marca.com/en/ufc/2022/03/01/621e528f268e3e8d728b4591.html |access-date=March 14, 2023 |website=marca.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Octagon}} Cage===<br />
[[File:Chris Weidman knock out Anderson Silva at UFC 162..jpg|thumb|Shot of the Octagon as [[Chris Weidman]] upsets [[Anderson Silva]] at [[UFC 162]]]]<br />
The UFC stages bouts in an eight-sided enclosure officially named "The Octagon". Originally, SEG trademarked the concept as well as the term and prevented other mixed martial arts promotions from using the same type of cage, but in 2001 Zuffa gave permission for other promotions to use octagonal cages, reasoning that the young sport needed uniformity to continue to win official sanctioning. Today Zuffa reserves exclusive use of the name "The Octagon".<ref>Gentry, Clyde, ''No Holds Barred: Ultimate Fighting and the Martial Arts Revolution'' (Milo Books: Preston, 2005), p. 208</ref><br />
<br />
The UFC cage is an octagonal structure with walls of metal chain-link fence coated with black vinyl. The standard octagon has a diameter of {{convert|30|ft|m|abbr=on}} with a {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=on}} high fence.<ref name="WoMA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/octagon|title=The Octagon™ – Get Inside|access-date=January 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828035729/http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/octagon|archive-date=August 28, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The cage sits atop a platform, raising it {{convert|4|ft|m|abbr=on}} from the ground. It has foam padding around the top of the fence and between each of the eight sections. It also has two entry-exit gates opposite each other.<ref>[http://sports.bostonherald.com/ufc/view.bg?articleid=150552 UFC 62: Streaming en Espanol] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115000341/http://sports.bostonherald.com/ufc/view.bg?articleid=150552 |date=November 15, 2006}}. ''The Boston Herald''. July 30, 2006. Retrieved August 4, 2006.</ref><ref name="WoMA"/> The mat (also referred to as the canvas<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fusco|first=Anthony|date=February 7, 2013|title=Matt Hughes Retires: 5 Memorable Moments from His Career|work=Bleacher Report|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1520705-matt-hughes-retires-5-memorable-moments-from-his-career|access-date=December 10, 2020}}</ref>), painted with sponsorship logos and art, is replaced for each event.<br />
<br />
For smaller venues and events, the UFC often uses a smaller cage, which is only {{convert|25|ft|m|abbr=on}} across.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2207778-the-pros-and-cons-of-fighting-in-a-smaller-ufc-octagon| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2207778-the-pros-and-cons-of-fighting-in-a-smaller-ufc-octagon| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=The Pros and Cons of Fighting in a Smaller UFC Octagon|author=Kristian Ibarra|work=Bleacher Report}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fightnomics.com/category/blog/hard-numbers-small-ufc-cage-part-1/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://fightnomics.com/category/blog/hard-numbers-small-ufc-cage-part-1/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=The Hard Numbers on the Small UFC Cage (Part 1)}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="WoMA">{{cite web|url=https://wayofmartialarts.com/ufc-cage-size-how-big-is-ufcs-octagon/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://wayofmartialarts.com/ufc-cage-size-how-big-is-ufcs-octagon/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Cage Size: How Big Is the UFC's Octagon?|access-date=August 22, 2020|website=Way of Martial Arts}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Attire===<br />
All competitors fight in approved shorts, without shoes. Tops are only approved for female competitors. Required safety equipment include padded gloves, [[mouthguard]], and [[protective cup]]s held in place with a [[jockstrap]] for males.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations#8| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations#8| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Rules and Regulations – Unified Rules and Other MMA Regulations|work=ufc.com|date=October 31, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The open-fingered gloves have at least 1" of padding around the knuckles, (110 to 170&nbsp;g&nbsp;/ 4 to 6&nbsp;ounces) that allow fingers to grab. To ensure compliance, fighters are checked by a state athletic committee official before being allowed to enter the cage/ring.<ref name="njacb">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/lps/sacb/docs/martial.html |title=Mixed Martial arts Unified Rules of Conduct |publisher=[[New Jersey State Athletic Control Board]] |date=September 5, 2002 |access-date=May 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403062008/http://www.state.nj.us/lps/sacb/docs/martial.html |archive-date=April 3, 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Originally the attire for UFC was very open. Many fighters still chose to wear tight-fitting shorts or boxing-type trunks, while others wore long pants or singlets. Several wore wrestling shoes. Multi-time tournament champion Royce Gracie wore a Brazilian jiu-jitsu [[Keikogi|gi]] in all of his early appearances in UFC (Gracie wore shorts against Matt Hughes at UFC 60), while [[Art Jimmerson]] appeared in UFC 1 wearing one standard boxing glove. As of [[UFC 133]] there has been a ban on speedo style shorts after [[Dennis Hallman]] wore one in his fight against [[Brian Ebersole]]. UFC president Dana White was so furious about the fighter's choice of attire that he awarded an honorary "getting those horrifying shorts off TV as soon as possible" bonus of $70,000 to Ebersole for finishing the fight in the first round, and in following post-fight interviews made it clear that speedo style shorts will no longer be tolerated.<ref name="outsports">{{cite web|url=https://www.outsports.com/2011/8/9/4051666/ufc-freaks-out-after-fighter-wears-a-speedo| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.outsports.com/2011/8/9/4051666/ufc-freaks-out-after-fighter-wears-a-speedo| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC freaks out after fighter wears a Speedo|publisher=outsports.com|author=Jim Buzinski|date=August 9, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Reebok uniform====<br />
On December 2, 2014, the UFC and [[Reebok]] held a press conference to announce an exclusive deal for Reebok to become the worldwide outfitter for the UFC, beginning in July 2015. Financial terms of the six-year partnership were not released, but UFC officials said that though the agreement represents the most valuable non-broadcast contract the company has ever signed, the UFC will not directly profit from the new deal. Instead, company execs said the deal is structured so that the "vast majority of the revenue" from the deal – taking out only the costs associated with administering the new program – will be paid directly to UFC fighters.<ref name="ReebokUniform">{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/12/ufc-partners-with-reebok-for-uniform-program-rankings-to-determine-fighter-pay| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2014/12/ufc-partners-with-reebok-for-uniform-program-rankings-to-determine-fighter-pay| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC partners with Reebok for uniform program; rankings to determine fighter pay|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=John Morgan|date=December 2, 2014|access-date=December 3, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Payment on the new deal was originally expected to be based on the fighter's spot in the official [[UFC rankings]], with the exception of the UFC champions. Fighters ranked No. 1 to 5 would be paid at one level, No. 6 to 10 at a lower level, No. 11 to 15 below that, and unranked fighters at a base rate.<ref name="ReebokUniform" /> The payments would remain consistent regardless of where the athletes' bouts air. In addition to the per-fight rate, fighters would also receive royalty payments representing 20 percent of any UFC merchandise sold that bears their likeness. The royalty program would also include retired fighters and continue in perpetuity. The deal itself was reported to be worth 70 million dollars which was what the fighters would be paid over the next six years which is roughly 260 thousand dollars per UFC fight card.<ref name="ReebokUniform" /> In April 2015, the UFC announced that they scrapped the idea of the ranking and that payment will be based on the fighter's number of bouts in the octagon, with different tiers (1–5 fights, 6–10 fights, 11–15 fights, and 16–20 fights). Exceptions are made in the event of title fights, with champions and title challengers receiving greater compensation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/04/ufc-fighter-rankings-will-no-longer-determine-reebok-sponsorship-pay| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2015/04/ufc-fighter-rankings-will-no-longer-determine-reebok-sponsorship-pay| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC: Fighter rankings will no longer determine Reebok sponsorship pay|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=Steven Marrocco|date=April 20, 2015|access-date=April 20, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The kits were revealed on June 30, 2015. All kits feature the fighter's name on the back of the jersey and fighters have the option to choose between a universal kit or a country kit, related to their nationality. There is also a champion kit, designed to be used only by title holders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/06/what-you-need-to-know-about-new-ufc-reebok-fight-kit-uniforms-and-gear| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmajunkie.com/2015/06/what-you-need-to-know-about-new-ufc-reebok-fight-kit-uniforms-and-gear| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=What you need to know about new UFC-Reebok 'fight kit' uniforms and gear|publisher=mmajunkie.com|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=June 30, 2015|access-date=June 30, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
The new deal meant that beginning with fight week for [[UFC 189]] in Las Vegas, existing sponsors no longer appear on fighter clothing – not only on fight night but also at all pre-fight media appearances – and in-cage sponsor banners have also eliminated. Fighter camps are outfitted with approved clothing to create a uniform look in athletes' corners. Existing sponsors are still welcome to support UFC fighters. However, third-party logos are no longer allowed on UFC broadcasts, other than title-sponsor slots – similar to those seen with European soccer clubs – that the UFC may eventually sell to "a major, global brand" down the road.<ref name="ReebokUniform" /><br />
<br />
====Venum uniform====<br />
On July 11, 2020, UFC announced [[Venum]] as the exclusive outfitting partner from April 2021: [[UFC on ABC: Vettori vs. Holland]] was the first event with Venum outfits.<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=July 10, 2020|title=UFC Announces Venum as Exclusive Outfitting Partner|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2020/07/10/ufc-announces-venum-exclusive-outfitting-partner/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://cagesidepress.com/2020/07/10/ufc-announces-venum-exclusive-outfitting-partner/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=Cageside Press|language=en-US}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
UFC announced in October 2021, that Avex Brasil, local producer of Venum brand apparel, has been named the exclusive manufacturer and distributor of UFC Replica Fight Kits and Fight Week apparel sold through retailers in Brazil. Under the terms of the agreement, Avex Brasil will manufacture officially licensed UFC replica fight kits and fight week apparel for men and women and distribute the product through the country.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cruz|first=Guilherme|date=2021-10-18|title=UFC announces deal with Venum Brazil|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2021/10/18/22732574/ufc-deal-venum-brazil-mma|access-date=2021-10-22|website=MMA Fighting|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== New glove ===<br />
<br />
On April 12, 2024, UFC announced a new glove where changes were made to reduce hand injuries and eye pokes (every 14 fights with an average delay of 50 seconds), while maintaining dexterity and not affecting performance. The new gloves were already tested during the ten weeks of the [[Dana White's Contender Series season 7|Dana White's Contender Series]] 2023 and gloves will be used starting June 2024. New features of the gloves include: (1) a wristband locking system to prevent grabbing of the gloves; (2) all seams are now on the palm side with a lack of seams on top of the hands to minimize abrasions and cuts; (3) removal of finger binding that allows the hand to close maturely to reduce eyes pokes, abrasions, and cuts; (4) padding to the sides of the index and pinky finger of the glove to protect bone; (5) ergonomic curved wristband for better fit around the wrist scooped or angled finger holes to eliminate bunching on the inside of the fisted hand lining; (6) and thicker foam padding for maximum flexibility and protection with an updated law profile hook and loop that minimizes snag and reduces weight; they have an authentication and data chip which allows the UFC to identify a pair of gloves to a fighter in a specific fight.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander K. |date=2024-04-12 |title=UFC unveils new lighter glove to reduce eye pokes and hand injuries, will debut soon |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2024/4/12/24128620/ufc-unveils-new-lighter-glove-to-reduce-eye-pokes-and-hand-injuries-will-debut-soon |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Susan |date=2024-04-12 |title=Photo {{!}} UFC unveils new fight gloves, eye pokes and broken hands expected to be significantly reduced {{!}} BJPenn.com |url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/photo-ufc-unveils-new-fight-gloves-eye-pokes-and-broken-hands-expected-to-be-significantly-reduced/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website={{!}} BJPenn.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The gloves come in XXXS to XXXXL sizes with weight lighter by 1 to 1.5 ounces compared to the previous gloves; the new glove weighs between 3 and 4.9 oz.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Susan |date=2024-04-12 |title=Photo {{!}} UFC unveils new fight gloves, eye pokes and broken hands expected to be significantly reduced {{!}} BJPenn.com |url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/photo-ufc-unveils-new-fight-gloves-eye-pokes-and-broken-hands-expected-to-be-significantly-reduced/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website={{!}} BJPenn.com |language=en}}</ref> New gloves include five different glove colors: gun-metal gloves will be used for traditional UFC fights; gold gloves with an octagon trim for championship fights and main event bouts; black gloves for "The Ultimate Fighter"; blue gloves for Dana White's Contender Series; and red gloves for Road to the UFC tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-12 |title=Why is the UFC changing their gloves? |url=https://www.dexerto.com/mma/why-is-the-ufc-changing-their-gloves-2644845/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Dexerto |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=UFC Releases New Glove Design, Claiming to Reduce Chance of Injury and Eye Pokes |url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-Releases-New-Glove-Design-Claiming-to-Reduce-Chance-of-Injury-and-Eye-Pokes-193322 |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Sherdog |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On November 12, it was reported that the UFC had notified fighters competing in upcoming events, starting from [[UFC 309]], that the organization will reintroduce its previous glove design, which had been replaced at [[UFC 302]] in June. UFC president [[Dana White]] cited frequent complaints from fighters as being the reason for the change, even though the new design had only been in use for six months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=UFC to Retire 'New' Gloves, Permanently Return to Previous Design at UFC 309 |url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-to-Retire-New-Gloves-Permanently-Return-to-Previous-Design-at-UFC-309-195480 |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=Sherdog |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Match outcomes===<br />
Matches may end via:<br />
*'''[[Submission (combat sport term)|Submission]]''': a fighter clearly taps the mat or their opponent, verbally submits, or clearly communicates being in pain (such as by yelling) to a degree that causes the referee to stop the fight. Also, a technical submission may be called when a fighter either loses consciousness or is on the verge of or suffers a serious injury while in a hold.<br />
*'''[[Knockout]]''': a fighter is put into a state of unconsciousness resulting from any legal strike.<br />
*'''[[Technical Knockout]]''' (TKO): If the referee decides a fighter cannot continue, the fight is ruled as a technical knockout. Technical knockouts can be classified into three categories:<br />
**referee stoppage (the referee ends the fight because one fighter is deemed unable to intelligently defend themselves)<br />
**doctor stoppage (a ringside doctor decides that it is unsafe for one fighter to continue the bout, due to excessive bleeding or physical injuries)<br />
**corner stoppage (a fighter's cornerman/cornerwoman signals defeat for their own fighter)<br />
**forfeit (a fighter fails to compete or intentionally and prematurely ends the bout for a reason besides injury, resulting in the opponent's victory)<br />
*'''Judges' Decision''': Depending on scoring, a match may end as:<br />
**unanimous decision (all three judges score a win for fighter A)<br />
**majority decision (two judges score a win for fighter A, one judge scores a draw)<br />
**split decision (two judges score a win for fighter A, one judge scores a win for fighter B)<br />
**technical decision (a fighter is rendered unable to continue as a result of an unintentional illegal element or move, resulting in a decision based on the finished and unfinished rounds if the number of rounds to be judged is sufficient)<br />
**unanimous draw (all three judges score a draw)<br />
**majority draw (two judges score a draw, one judge scoring a win)<br />
**split draw (one judge scores a win for fighter A, one judge scores a win for fighter B, and one judge scores a draw)<br />
**technical draw (the bout ends in a manner similar to that of a technical decision, with the judges' scores resulting in a draw)<br />
*'''Disqualification''': a fighter intentionally executes an illegal move that is considered by the referee or opponent to be injurious or significant enough to negatively alter the opponent's performance should the fight continue, resulting in the opponent's victory.<br />
*'''No Contest''': a fighter is rendered unable to continue or compete effectively as a result of an unintentional illegal element or move and there is not a sufficient number of finished rounds to be judged to make a technical decision viable, or both fighters are rendered unable to continue or compete effectively. Also, a fight may be ruled a no-contest if the original outcome of the bout is changed due to unsatisfactory or illegal circumstances, such as a premature stoppage or a fighter's testing positive for banned substances.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arts |first=Way of Martial |title=What Does The NC (No Contest) Mean In The UFC? |url=https://wayofmartialarts.com/what-does-the-nc-no-contest-mean-in-the-ufc/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314121322/https://wayofmartialarts.com/what-does-the-nc-no-contest-mean-in-the-ufc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In the event of a draw, it is not necessary that the fighters' total ''points'' be equal (see, e.g., [[UFC 41]] Penn vs. Uno, or [[UFC 43]] Freeman vs. White). However, in a unanimous or split draw, each fighter does score an equal number of ''win judgments'' from the three judges (0 or 1, respectively). Additionally, if a title fight ends in a draw, the defending champ retains the title.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arts |first=Way of Martial |title=What Is The Majority Draw In UFC? |url=https://wayofmartialarts.com/majority-draw-ufc/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314121312/https://wayofmartialarts.com/majority-draw-ufc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Judging criteria===<br />
The [[10-point must system|ten-point must system]] is in effect for all UFC fights; three judges score each round and the winner of each receives ten points while the loser receives nine points or fewer (although 10–10 rounds are given in the rare event that a judge feels the rounds was too close to warrant giving one fighter 10 and the other 9.) Scores of 10–8 are typically awarded for dominant rounds and anything more dominant is scored less. 10–7 rounds are very rare, with only five known instances in UFC history—if a round is lopsided enough that a 10–7 score would be justified, the referee will usually declare a [[technical knockout]] and stop the fight as a safety precaution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arts |first=Way of Martial |title=UFC Scoring System: How Are UFC Fights Scored? |url=https://wayofmartialarts.com/ufc-scoring-system-how-are-ufc-fights-scored/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barkule |first=Nisarga |title=10-7 Round in the UFC: Only Five Fighters Have Achieved the Rare Feat |date=January 20, 2024 |url=https://sportsmanor.com/10-7-round-in-the-ufc-only-five-fighters-have-achieved-the-rare-feat/ |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Fouls===<br />
The Nevada State Athletic Commission currently lists the following as fouls:<ref>[http://www.leg.state.nv.us/NAC/NAC-467.html NSAC Regulations: Chapter 467 – Unarmed Combat]. Nevada State Athletic Commission. Retrieved April 3, 2006.</ref><br />
<br />
#[[Head-butting]]<br />
#[[Eye-gouging]]<br />
#Biting<br />
#Hair pulling<br />
#[[Fish-hooking]]<br />
#[[Groin attack]]s<br />
#Putting a finger into any orifice or into any cut or laceration on an opponent (see [[Fish-hooking]])<br />
#[[Small joint manipulation]]<br />
#Striking to the spine or the back of the head (see [[Rabbit punch]])<br />
#Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the [[trachea]]<br />
#Clawing, pinching or twisting the flesh<br />
#Grabbing the [[clavicle]] (collarbone)<br />
#Kicking to the kidney with the heel<br />
#Spiking an opponent to the canvas on the head or neck (see [[Piledriver (professional wrestling)|Piledriver]])<br />
#[[Throw (grappling)|Throwing]] an opponent out of the ring or fenced area<br />
#Holding the shorts or gloves of an opponent<br />
#Spitting at an opponent or the referee<br />
#Engaging in unsportsmanlike conduct that causes an injury to an opponent<br />
#Holding or grabbing the ropes or the fence<br />
#Using abusive language in the ring or fenced area<br />
#Attacking an opponent on or during the break<br />
#Attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee<br />
#Attacking an opponent after the bell (horn) has sounded the end of a round<br />
#Flagrantly disregarding the instructions of the referee<br />
#Timidity, including, without limitation, avoiding contact with an opponent, intentionally or consistently dropping the mouthpiece or faking an injury<br />
#Interference by the corner<br />
#Throwing in the towel during competition<br />
#Applying any foreign substance to the hair, body, clothing or gloves immediately prior to or during a contest or exhibition that could result in an unfair advantage<br />
#If the referee has signaled that the opponent has been knocked out, striking an opponent who is helpless as a result of previous blows and so supported by the ring or fenced area that he or she does not fall<br />
#Striking deliberately at the part of the body over the kidneys<br />
#Intentionally spitting out the mouthpiece<br />
<br />
====Fouls against a grounded opponent====<br />
#Kicking the head of a grounded opponent (see [[soccer kick]])<br />
#[[Kneeing]] the head of a grounded opponent <br />
#[[Stomping]] a grounded opponent<br />
<br />
When a foul is charged, the referee, in their discretion, may deduct one or more points as a penalty. If a foul incapacitates a fighter, then the match may end in a disqualification if the foul was intentional, or a no contest if unintentional. If a foul causes a fighter to be unable to continue later in the bout, it ends with a technical decision win to the injured fighter if the injured fighter is ahead on points, otherwise it is a technical draw.<ref>[http://boxing.nv.gov/docs/MMA%20RULES%20Expained.pdf MMA rules explained.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615195416/http://boxing.nv.gov/docs/MMA%20RULES%20Expained.pdf |date=June 15, 2006}} Nevada State Athletic Commission. Retrieved June 30, 2006.</ref><br />
<br />
===Match conduct===<br />
*After a verbal warning, the referee can stop the fighters and stand them up if they reach a stalemate on the ground (where neither are in a dominant [[Grappling position|position]] or working towards one). This rule is codified in Nevada as the ''stand-up rule''.<br />
*If the referee pauses the match, it is resumed with the fighters in their prior positions.<br />
*Grabbing the cage brings a verbal warning, followed by an attempt by the referee to release the grab by pulling on the grabbing hand. If that attempt fails or if the fighter continues to hold the cage, the referee may charge a foul.<br />
*Early UFC events disregarded verbal sparring/"trash-talking" during matches. Under unified rules, antics are permitted before events to add to the excitement and allow fighters to express themselves, but abusive language during combat is prohibited.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Trash Talking Allowed During An MMA Fight? – Law Of The Fist |date=September 18, 2022 |url=https://lawofthefist.com/is-trash-talking-allowed-during-an-mma-fight/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930225547/https://lawofthefist.com/is-trash-talking-allowed-during-an-mma-fight/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |access-date=2023-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Evolution of the rules===<br />
*[[UFC 1]] – Although the advertising said ''There Are No Rules'', there were in fact some rules: no biting, no eye-gouging and no groin attacks. Fights ended only in the event of a knockout, submission or the corner throwing in the towel. Despite this, the first match in UFC 1 was won by referee stoppage, even though it was not officially recognized as such at the time.<br />
*[[UFC 2]] – Groin attacks were unbanned. Time limits were dropped ending the need for judges. Modifications to the cage were added (the fence became 5 feet tall but would continually grow in height afterwards and the floor became the canvas that is still used today).<br />
*[[UFC 3]] – The referee was officially given the authority to stop a fight in case of a fighter being unable to defend himself. A fighter could not kick if he was wearing shoes. This rule would later be discarded, then changed to 'no kicking with shoes while on the ground' and then reinstated, before finally being discarded.<br />
*[[UFC 4]] – After tournament alternate [[Steve Jennum]] won UFC 3 by winning only one bout, alternates (replacements) were required to win a pre-tournament bout to qualify for the role of an alternate.<br />
*[[UFC 5]] – The organizers introduced a 30-minute time limit. UFC 5 also saw the first Superfight, a one-off bout between two competitors selected by the organizers with the winner being crowned 'Superfight champion' and having the duty of defending his title at the next UFC.<br />
*[[UFC 6]] – The referee was given the authority to restart the fight. If two fighters were entangled in a position where there was a ''lack of action'', the referee could stop the fight and restart the competitors on their feet, in their own corner. In UFC 6 they officially adopted the 5-minute extension to the 30-minute rule which had been used in UFC 5.<br />
*[[Ultimate Ultimate 1995]] – This event was the first to introduce the no fish-hooking rule and to reinstate judges. Time limits were changed to 15 minutes in the quarter-finals, 18 minutes in the semi-finals and 27 minutes in the finals.<br />
*[[UFC 8]] – Time limits changed to 10 minutes in the first two rounds of the tournament, 15 minutes in the tournament final and Superfight. Time limits would continually change in the later UFC events. Fights could now be decided by a judges decision if the fight reached the end of the time limit. The panel was made up of three judges who simply raised a card with the name of the fighter they considered to be the winner. In this fashion, a draw was not possible since the only two possible outcomes of a decision were 3 to 0 or 2 to 1 in favor of the winner.<br />
*[[UFC 9]] – To appease local authorities, closed fisted strikes to the head were banned for this event only. The commentators were not aware of this last minute rule that was made to prevent the cancellation of the event due to local political pressures. Referee [[John McCarthy (referee)|"Big John" McCarthy]] made repeated warnings to the fighters to "open the hand" when this rule was violated. However, not one fighter was reprimanded. UFC 9 was also the last UFC event to feature the superfight.<br />
*[[Ultimate Ultimate 1996]] – This event was the first to introduce the "no grabbing of the fence" rule.<br />
*[[UFC 12]] – The main tournament split into a heavyweight (over 200 lb) and lightweight (200 lb and under) division; and the eight-man tournament ceased. Fighters now needed to win only two fights to win the competition. The Heavyweight Champion title (and title bouts) was introduced, replacing the Superfight title (albeit matches were still for a time branded as "Superfights").<br />
*[[UFC 14]] – The lightweight division was re-branded middleweight. The wearing of padded gloves, weighing 110 to 170&nbsp;g (4 to 6&nbsp;ounces), becomes mandatory. Gloves were to be approved by the UFC. Hair-pulling, groin strikes and kicks to a downed opponent became illegal.<br />
*[[UFC 15]] – Limits on permissible striking areas were introduced. Headbutts, elbow strikes to the back of neck and head, and small joint manipulation became illegal.<br />
*[[UFC 21]] – Five-minute rounds were introduced, with preliminary bouts consisting of two rounds, regular non-title bouts at three rounds, and title bouts at five rounds. The "ten-point must system" was introduced for scoring fights (identical to the system widely used in boxing).<br />
*[[UFC 28]] – The [[New Jersey State Athletic Control Board]] sanctions its first UFC event, using the newly developed ''[[Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts]]''. Major changes to the UFC's rules included barring knee strikes to the head of a downed opponent, elbow strikes to the spine and neck and punches to the back of the neck and head. Limits on permissible ring attire, stringent medical requirements, and regulatory oversight were also introduced. A new weight class system was also introduced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ivansblog.com/2006/07/mixed-martial-arts-new-jersey.html|title=Ivan's Blog--- Ivan Trembow's Self-Important, Random Rants on Mixed Martial Arts, Video Games, Pro Wrestling, Television, Politics, Sports, and High-Quality Wool Socks|work=ivansblog.com}}</ref> This new set of rules is currently the ''de facto'' standard for MMA events held in the U.S. and is still in use by the UFC.<br />
*[[UFC 31]] – Weight classes are re-aligned to the current standard. Bantamweight moves from 150 to 155 and becomes known as [[Lightweight (MMA)|lightweight]]. Lightweight becomes known as [[Welterweight (MMA)|welterweight]], middleweight becomes [[Light Heavyweight (MMA)|light heavyweight]], and a new [[Middleweight (MMA)|middleweight]] class is introduced at 185 pounds. Stools and seconds are first permitted in the Octagon between rounds.<br />
*[[UFC 43]] – In the event of a stoppage, fights restart in the position the fight was stopped.<br />
*[[UFC 94]] – After an incident where [[Georges St-Pierre]] was accused of putting [[vaseline]] on his back, corner men were disallowed from bringing vaseline into the Octagon. [[Petroleum jelly]] may now only be applied by UFC employed [[cutmen]].<br />
*[[UFC 97]] – Foot-stomps are banned (for this event only).<br />
*[[UFC 133]] – Speedo style trunks are banned.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Non |first=Sergio |date=August 7, 2011 |title=Ebersole nabs bonus for beating speedo-wearing Hallman |url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/mma/post/2011/08/ebersole-nabs-bonus-for-beating-speedo-wearing-hallman/414124/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630123446/https://www.usatoday.com/sports/mma/post/2011/08/ebersole-nabs-bonus-for-beating-speedo-wearing-hallman/414124/1 |archive-date=2012-06-30 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |work=[[USA Today]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
*[[UFC 138]] – First 5-round non-title main event.<ref>{{cite web|last = Bishop |first = Matt |title = UFC 138: Chris Leben, Mark Munoz to Meet in First 5-Round Non-Title Fight |work = BloodyElbow.com |access-date = August 22, 2011|date = July 20, 2011|url = http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2011/7/20/2284276/ufc-138-chris-leben-mark-munoz-to-meet-in-first-5-round-non-title |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722181628/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2011/7/20/2284276/ufc-138-chris-leben-mark-munoz-to-meet-in-first-5-round-non-title|archive-date = July 22, 2011|url-status = live|df = mdy-all}}</ref><br />
*[[UFC 263]] – First 5-round non-title, non-main event bout.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-04 |title=Sources: Diaz-Edwards moved to UFC 263 card |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/31386292/nate-diaz-battling-minor-injury-fight-vs-leon-edwards-moved-ufc-263-june |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><br />
*[[UFC Fight Night: Moreno vs. Albazi]] - (1) Kneeing and/or Kicking the head of a grounded opponent: A fighter shall be considered grounded and may not be legally kneed or kicked to the head when any part of their body other than their hands or feet is in contact with the canvas (ground).(2) Removal of the downward pointing elbow strike (12 to 6) as a foul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/10/ufc-news-mma-unified-rule-changes-edmonton-espn-elbows-grounded-fighter|title=New unified rules to make UFC debut in Edmonton with now-legal 12-6 elbows, grounded opponent changes l|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Nolan King|date=2024-10-29|access-date=2024-10-29}}</ref><br />
<br />
===''The Ultimate Fighter'' rules===<br />
Fights that occur on ''[[The Ultimate Fighter]]'' are classified as exhibition matches under NSAC sanctioning, and thus do not count toward a fighter's professional record. Match outcomes also do not need to be immediately posted publicly, which allows for fight results to remain unknown to the public until the airdate of the episode.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swain |first=Stephen L. |date=March 1, 2011 |title=SPECTACULAR NARRATIVES OF MASCULINITY IN MIXED MARTIAL ARTS |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/61661087.pdf |access-date=March 17, 2023 |page=123}}</ref><br />
<br />
For two-round matches, if there is a draw after two rounds, an extra five-minute round ("[[sudden victory]]") is contested. If the extra round concludes without a stoppage, the judges' decision will be based on that final round.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2012 |title=UFC institutes 'sudden victory' rounds for UFC on FX 2's flyweight-tourney semis |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2012/02/ufc-institutes-sudden-victory-rounds-for-flyweight-tourney-semis-at-ufc-on-fx-2#:~:text=The%20UFC%20already%20uses%20the,tie%20after%20three%20regulation%20rounds. |access-date=March 17, 2023 |website=mmajunkie}}</ref><br />
<br />
These exhibition matches variably have two or three rounds, depending on the rules used for each season. In most seasons, preliminary matches (before the semi-final bouts) were two rounds; in season two, all matches had three rounds. All matches past the first round use three rounds as per standard UFC bouts. During the finales for each series, the division finals have the standard three rounds, plus a fourth round if the judges score a tie.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br />
<br />
==Weight divisions and current champions==<br />
{{See also|Mixed martial arts weight classes|List of UFC champions}}<br />
[[File:UFC-Champs.PNG|1000px|thumb|center]]<br />
<br />
The UFC currently uses nine weight classes:<ref name="ufc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations#2|title=Rules and Regulations – Unified Rules and Other MMA Regulations|publisher=UFC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105020540/https://www.ufc.com/discover/sport/rules-and-regulations|archive-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref> Updated as of February 1, 2026, after [[UFC 325]].<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%;"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Weight class<br />name<br />
!colspan="2" |Minimum limit<br />
!colspan="2"|Maximum limit<br />
!rowspan="2"|Gender<br />
!rowspan="2" style="width:150px;"|Current champion<br />
!rowspan="2"|Since<br />
!rowspan="2"|Ref<br />
!rowspan="2"|Days<br />held <br />
!rowspan="2"|Defenses<br />
!rowspan="2"|Next Fight<br />
!rowspan="2"|Ref<br />
|-<br />
!in<br />[[Pound (mass)|pounds]] (lb)<br />
!in<br />[[kilogram]]s (kg)<br />
!in<br />pounds (lb)<br />
!in<br />kilograms (kg)<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[Strawweight (MMA)|Strawweight]]<br />
|None<br />
|None<br />
|115<br />
|52.2<br />
|style="background:#F19CBB;|Women<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#F19CBB"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Mackenzie Dern]]<br />
|[[UFC 321|October 25, 2025]] <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/10/25/ufc-321-mackenzie-dern-claims-strawweight-gold-in-rematch-with-virna-jandiroba/|title=UFC 321: Mackenzie Dern Claims Strawweight Gold in Rematch with Virna Jandiroba|publisher=cagesidepress.com|author=Jay Anderson|date=2025-10-25|access-date=2025-10-25}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=10|day1=25|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|[[Flyweight (MMA)|Flyweight]]<br />
|rowspan=2|116<br />
|rowspan="2" |52.6<br />
|rowspan="2" |125<br />
|rowspan=2|56.7<br />
|style="background:#BBF; "|Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF; width:2em"|{{flagicon|MYA}} [[Joshua Van]]<br />
|[[UFC 323|December 6, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|author=Shakiel Mahjouri|date=2025-12-07|title=UFC 323 results, highlights: Joshua Van becomes second-youngest UFC champ after Alexandre Pantoja injury|url=https://www.cbssports.com/ufc/news/ufc-323-results-highlights-joshua-van-champion-alexandre-pantoja-injury/|work=CBS Sports|access-date=2025-12-07}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=12|day1=06|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|[[UFC 327]] – [[Tatsuro Taira]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2026/02/21/ufc-327-joshua-van-vs-tatsuro-taira-flyweight-title-fight/88788032007/|title=Joshua Van set to defend title at UFC 327 vs. Tatsuro Taira|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author1=Matthew Wells|author2=Nolan King|date=2026-02-21|access-date=2026-02-21}}</ref><br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="background:#F19CBB;|Women<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#F19CBB"|{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Valentina Shevchenko]]<br />
|[[UFC 306|September 14, 2024]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-15|title=UFC 306 results: Valentina Shevchenko outgrapples Alexa Grasso to regain flyweight title|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/09/ufc-306-results-valentina-shevchenko-decision-alexa-grasso-wrestling-grappling-regain-women-flyweight-title|access-date=2024-09-15|website=MMA Junkie|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=09|day1=14|year1=2024}}<br />
|2<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"|[[Bantamweight (MMA)|Bantamweight]]<br />
|rowspan=2|126<br />
|rowspan="2" |57.2<br />
|rowspan="2" |135<br />
|rowspan=2|61.2<br />
|rowspan=1 style="background:#BBF; "|Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF; width:2em"|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Petr Yan]]<br />
|[[UFC 323|December 6, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/12/07/ufc-323-petr-yan-dethrones-merab-dvalishvili-in-rematch/|title=UFC 323: Petr Yan Dethrones Merab Dvalishvili in Rematch|publisher=cagesidepress.com|author=Jay Anderson|date=2025-12-07|access-date=2025-12-07}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=12|day1=06|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="background:#F19CBB;|Women<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#F19CBB"|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Kayla Harrison]]<br />
|[[UFC 316|June 7, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Law|first=Eddie|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/06/08/kayla-harrison-fulfills-destiny-takes-title-via-kimura-submission/|title=Kayla Harrison Fulfills Destiny, Takes Title via Kimura Submission|website=Cageside Press|date=2025-06-08|access-date=2025-06-08}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=6|day1=7|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Featherweight (MMA)|Featherweight]]<br />
|136<br />
|61.7<br />
|145<br />
|65.8<br />
|style="background:#BBF; width:2em"|Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF; width:2em"|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alexander Volkanovski]]}}<br />
|[[UFC 314|April 12, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/04/13/alexander-volkanovski-becomes-two-time-champion-decisions-lopes/|title=Alexander Volkanovski Becomes Two-Time Champion, Decisions Lopes|publisher=Cageside Press|author=Eddie Law|date=2025-04-12|access-date=2025-04-12}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=4|day1=12|year1=2025}}<br />
|1<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:left"|[[Lightweight (MMA)|Lightweight]]<br />
|rowspan=2|146<br />
| rowspan="2" |66.2<br />
| rowspan="2" |155<br />
|rowspan=2|70.3<br />
|rowspan=2 style="background:#BBF; width:2em"|Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF; width:2em"|{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Ilia Topuria]]<br />
|[[UFC 317|June 28, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Damon|date=2025-06-29|title=Ilia Topuria sleeps Charles Oliveira with brutal knockout, nearly brawls with Paddy Pimblett after UFC 317 main event|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2025/6/29/24458151/ilia-topuria-sleeps-charles-oliveira-brutal-knockout-nearly-brawls-paddy-pimblett-ufc-317-main-event|access-date=2025-06-29|website=MMA Fighting|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=6|day1=28|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|[[UFC Freedom 250]] – [[Justin Gaethje]]<br />
|<ref name="WhiteHouse">{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2026/03/07/ufc-white-house-ilia-topuria-vs-justin-gaethje-lightweight-title-unification-main-event-freedom-250/89046294007/|title=Ilia Topuria-Justin Gaethje headlines UFC Freedom 250 at White House |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Farah Hannoun|date=2026-03-07|access-date=2026-03-08}}</ref><br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF;width:2em" |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Gaethje]] (interim)<br />
|[[UFC 324|January 24, 2026]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wells|first=Matthew|date=2026-02-25|title=UFC 324 results: Justin Gaethje wins interim title in gritty battle |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2026/01/25/ufc-324-justin-gaethje-wins-interim-gold-in-hard-fought-war/88345250007/|access-date=2026-02-20|website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|language=en}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=01|day1=24|year1=2026}}<br />
|0<br />
|[[UFC Freedom 250]] – [[Ilia Topuria]]<br />
|<ref name="WhiteHouse"/><br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[Welterweight (MMA)|Welterweight]]<br />
|156 <br />
|70.8<br />
|170<br />
|77.1<br />
|style="background:#BBF; width:2em"|Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF; width:2em"|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Islam Makhachev]]<br />
|[[UFC 322|November 15, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2025/11/16/ufc-322-islam-makhachev-vs-jack-della-maddalena-results-new-champion/87302290007/|title= UFC 322 results: Islam Makhachev smothers Jack Della Maddalena to join elite company|website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Matthew Wells|date=2025-11-16|access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=11|day1=15|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[Middleweight (MMA)|Middleweight]]<br />
|171<br />
|77.6<br />
|185<br />
|83.9<br />
|style="background:#BBF; width:2em"|Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF; width:2em"|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Khamzat Chimaev]]<br />
|[[UFC 319|August 16, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|date=2025-08-17|title=UFC 319: Khamzat Chimaev Steamrolls Dricus du Plessis to Claim Middleweight Title|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/08/17/ufc-319-khamzat-chimaev-steamrolls-dricus-du-plessis-to-claim-middleweight-title/|access-date=2025-08-17|website=Cageside Press|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=8|day1=16|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|[[UFC 328]] – [[Sean Strickland]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2026/03/12/khamzat-chimaev-vs-sean-strickland-set-for-ufc-328/89123125007/|title=Khamzat Chimaev vs. Sean Strickland, more added to UFC 328<br />
|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Danny Segura|date=2026-03-13|access-date=2026-03-13}}</ref><br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[Light heavyweight (MMA)|Light Heavyweight]]<br />
|186<br />
|84.3<br />
|205<br />
|93.0<br />
|style="background:#BBF; width:2em"|Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF; width:2em"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Alex Pereira]]<br />
|[[UFC 320|October 4, 2025]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/mixed-martial-arts/articles/c20ejrjzeymo|title=Pereira stops Ankalaev to reclaim light-heavyweight title|website=BBC|date=2025-10-05|access-date=2025-10-05}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=10|day1=04|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|[[UFC Freedom 250]] – [[Ciryl Gane]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2026/03/07/ufc-white-house-alex-pereira-vs-ciryl-gane-interim-heavyweight-title-third-belt-freedom-250/88900473007/|title=Alex Pereira-Ciryl Gane interim title fight set for UFC White House |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|author=Mike Bohn|date=2026-03-07|access-date=2026-03-08}}</ref><br />
|-style="text-align:center;"<br />
| style="text-align:left" |[[Heavyweight (MMA)|Heavyweight]]<br />
|206<br />
|93.4<br />
|265<br />
|120.2<br />
|style="background:#BBF; width:2em" |Men<br />
|style="text-align:left; background:#BBF;width:2em" |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tom Aspinall]]<br />
|June 21, 2025<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Damon|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2025/6/21/24453446/dana-white-jon-jones-officially-retired-tom-aspinall-promoted-to-undisputed-ufc-heavyweight-champion|title=Dana White: Jon Jones officially retired, Tom Aspinall promoted to undisputed UFC heavyweight champion|website=MMA Fighting|date=2025-06-21|access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref><br />
|{{age in days|month1=06|day1=21|year1=2025}}<br />
|0<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Non-title fights have a one-pound leniency. In title fights, the participants must weigh no more than that permitted for the relevant weight division. The Commission may also approve catch weight bouts, subject to their review and discretion. For example, the Commission may still decide to allow the contest the maximum weight allowed is 177 pounds if it feels that the contest would still be fair, safe, and competitive.<ref name="ufc.com"/> In addition, there are five weight classes specified in the Unified Rules which the UFC does not currently use: Super Lightweight (165 pounds), Super Welterweight (175 pounds), Super Middleweight (195 pounds), Cruiserweight (225 pounds), and Super Heavyweight (>265 pounds).<br />
<br />
==Roster==<br />
{{Main|List of current UFC fighters}}<br />
As of October 20, 2020, the UFC roster consisted of fighters from 71 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Anurag |title=How many fighters are there in the UFC? |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/mma/news-how-many-fighters-ufc |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=sportskeeda.com |date=December 7, 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref> As of June 14, 2025, there are 596 fighters on the UFC roster, a plurality of which, 207 or 35%, are American. Despite having the largest pool of fighters, there are no male American champions in the UFC as of June 22, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/14947566/current-all-ufc-champions|title=Current and all-time UFC champions|date=August 18, 2025|website=ESPN.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Fighter salaries and contracts===<br />
UFC fighters are paid a substantially lower share of revenue than athletes in comparable sports,<ref>{{Cite web|title=L.A. Business First|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/news/2018/03/22/lawsuit-ufc-fighters-paid-much-lower-share-than.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Business Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nash|first=John S.|date=2021-07-09|title=UFC fighter pay has increased but the promotion's profits have increased even more|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2021/7/9/22570828/ufc-fighter-pay-salary-numbers-ari-emanuel-comments-revenue-earnings-mma-news|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Bloody Elbow|language=en}}</ref> and other large MMA promotions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Alexander K.|date=2021-07-08|title=Dana White tells critics of UFC fighter pay to back off: 'This is mine and this is the way we're doing it'|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2021/7/8/22568806/dana-white-tells-critics-ufc-fighter-pay-to-back-off-this-is-mine-and-this-is-the-way-were-doing-it|access-date=2022-01-23|website=MMA Fighting|language=en}}</ref> UFC fighters are paid per fight,<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Much Do UFC Fighters Get Paid? - Martial Nerd |url=https://www.martialnerd.com/posts/how-much-do-ufc-fighters-get-paid |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=martialnerd.com |language=en}}</ref> with amounts depending on how well-known the fighters are and how well sponsored a fighter and an event is. Fighters will typically get paid money to fight, called show money, with an additional bonus if they win, called a win bonus. Despite not being officially confirmed by the UFC, [[Justin Gaethje]] revealed in January 2019 that headlining an event nets an additional $25,000 per fighter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmamania.com/2019/1/28/18201022/ufc-justin-gaethje-case-higher-headliner-pay-pass-away-in-rounds-four-five-mma| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmamania.com/2019/1/28/18201022/ufc-justin-gaethje-case-higher-headliner-pay-pass-away-in-rounds-four-five-mma| archive-date=2021-10-18|author=Adam Guillen Jr.|publisher=mmamania.com|title=Justin Gaethje wants a UFC pay raise in case he dies in the fourth round|date=January 28, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> While fighters new to the UFC can make as little as about $10,000 per fight (without a win bonus), more established fighters have made as much as $500,000 to $1 million per fight. Occasionally, fighters will earn more. For example, at [[UFC 202]], [[Conor McGregor]] made a reported $3 million, a UFC record for one fight, while his opponent [[Nate Diaz]] made a reported $2 million. The combined $5 million made between the fighters was the largest combined fight purse in UFC history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Conor McGregor Breaks Brock Lesnar's Record for Biggest Fight Purse at UFC 202 |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2658946-conor-mcgregor-breaks-brock-lesnars-record-for-biggest-fight-purse-at-ufc-202| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2658946-conor-mcgregor-breaks-brock-lesnars-record-for-biggest-fight-purse-at-ufc-202| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=BleacherReport.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Cash bonuses are also awarded for "Fight of the Night" and "Performance of the Night" (formerly awarded separately as "Knockout of the Night").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmanuts.com/news/ufc-eliminates-ko-submission-night-awards/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmanuts.com/news/ufc-eliminates-ko-submission-night-awards/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Eliminates KO and Submission of the Night Awards |publisher=mmanuts.com|author=Dave Walsh |date=February 11, 2014|access-date= February 11, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The size of these bonuses can sometimes be US$80,000 (but are normally US$50,000). For less well-known fighters, they can be several times larger than the contracted amount for the fight.<ref>{{cite web|title=UFC Post-Fight Bonuses Now Set at $15,000 for Every Event|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/ufc-post-fight-bonuses-now-030421521--mma.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/ufc-post-fight-bonuses-now-030421521--mma.html| archive-date=2021-10-18|publisher=MMA Weekly|access-date=April 13, 2013|date=March 14, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Contracted amounts generally have to be declared to the state athletic commission; however, the UFC also pays undisclosed locker-room bonuses to fighters.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/15498/ufc-100-fighters-salaries-brock-lesnar-and-georges-st-pierre-top-earners-from-x-x-million-payroll.mma |title=UFC 100 fighters salaries: Lesnar and St. Pierre get top paydays in $1.8 million payroll |work=MMAjunkie.com |access-date=July 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715131951/http://mmajunkie.com/news/15498/ufc-100-fighters-salaries-brock-lesnar-and-georges-st-pierre-top-earners-from-x-x-million-payroll.mma |archive-date=July 15, 2009}}</ref> In early 2021, Dana White revealed that these bonuses vary from $4,000 to $25,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2021/02/11/dana-white-gives-a-rare-look-at-ufcs-lucrative-discretionary-bonuses/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://nypost.com/2021/02/11/dana-white-gives-a-rare-look-at-ufcs-lucrative-discretionary-bonuses/|archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Dana White gives a rare look at UFC's discretionary bonuses |author=Scott Fontana|date=February 11, 2021|work=[[New York Post]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In recent years, UFC fighters' contracts and merchandising rights have been the subject of dispute between fighters (represented by growing the Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Association) and UFC, which has attempted to defend existing regulations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/103397/ufc-mma-labor-unions-carrano-white-gsp-bill-culinary| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/103397/ufc-mma-labor-unions-carrano-white-gsp-bill-culinary| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=No Holds Barred: Labor turmoil in the world of mixed martial arts. |access-date=May 30, 2012 |date=May 30, 2012 |first=Jesse |last=Zwick |magazine=The New Republic}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
UFC is contractually bound to offer every fighter three fights per calendar year and if they don't, the organization has to pay the fighter for the lacking fights. For example, if the UFC offers a fighter only one fight during the year, they have to pay the fighter for two additional fights. However, if a fight is offered but turned down by the fighter, it is still counted as an offered fight from the contractual viewpoint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/dana-white-im-ready-for-the-diaz-brothers-to-return-but-they-dont-accept-fights| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mmaweekly.com/dana-white-im-ready-for-the-diaz-brothers-to-return-but-they-dont-accept-fights| archive-date=2021-10-18|date=March 19, 2019|publisher=mmaweekly.com|title=Dana White: 'I'm ready for the Diaz brothers' to return but they don't accept fights|author=Damon Martin}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Starting at [[UFC 273]], three "Fan Bonus Of The Night", for every pay-per-view event, were awarded by [[Crypto.com]], as part of Crypto.com UFC sponsorship incentive fight kits deal,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander K. |date=2022-04-07 |title=UFC to debut Crypto.com Bitcoin 'Fan Bonus of the Night' for fighters at UFC 273 |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/4/7/23014643/ufc-to-debut-crypto-com-bitcoin-fan-bonus-of-the-night-for-fighters-at-ufc-273 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref> for every pay-per-view event starting UFC 273. Viewers vote up to three times per pay-per-view on Crypto.com/FanBonus, starting from the opening of the PPV preliminary card and ending an hour after the conclusion of the main card. The bonuses are paid in [[bitcoin]] in US dollars ranging from US$30,000 for first place, US$20,000 for second place, and US$10,000 for third place.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=UFC adds Fan Bonus of the Night for fighters to be paid in bitcoin |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/04/ufc-crypto-fan-bonus-of-the-night-bitcoin |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> From 2023, the times these awards were given less frequent and not for every pay-per-view for unknown reasons.<br />
<br />
Fighters are allowed to compete outside of the promotion in non-striking sports such as [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] and [[amateur wrestling|wrestling]], provided they do not have a scheduled UFC bout within eight weeks of the competition.<ref name="j370">{{cite web | last=Alexander | first=Brady | title=Arman Tsarukyan Reveals UFC's Policies For Competing Outside Of The Promotion | website=Bodyslam.net | date=January 12, 2026 | url=https://www.bodyslam.net/2026/01/12/arman-tsarukyan-reveals-ufcs-policies-for-competing-outside-of-the-promotion/ | access-date=February 1, 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==UFC rankings==<br />
{{Main|UFC rankings}}<br />
As of January 27, 2020, it was announced through Twitter by Bruno Massami that the UFC has decided to separate its pound-for-pound ranking. Men and women will have their own pound-for-pound rankings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lowkickmma.com/ufc-splitting-up-men-womens-pound-for-pound-rankings/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.lowkickmma.com/ufc-splitting-up-men-womens-pound-for-pound-rankings/| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC Splitting Up Men & Women's Pound-For-Pound Rankings |website=lowkickmma.com|date=January 27, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Men's pound-for-pound ranking===<br />
{{#section-h:UFC rankings|Men's rankings}}<br />
<br />
===Women's pound-for-pound ranking===<br />
{{#section-h:UFC rankings|Women's rankings}}<br />
<br />
==UFC events==<br />
{{Main|List of UFC events}}<br />
MMA journalists and fans have criticized the UFC for putting on too many shows and thus diluting the quality of their product.{{refn|Criticism for number of shows<ref>{{cite news|title=UFC Aftermath: Trying to Understand the "Angry Watching" Phenomenon|url=https://theprovince.com/sports/mma/ufc-aftermath-trying-to-understand-the-angry-watching-phenomenon| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://theprovince.com/sports/mma/ufc-aftermath-trying-to-understand-the-angry-watching-phenomenon| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=October 31, 2016|work=[[The Province]]|date=April 14, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Iole|first1=Kevin|title=Dana White says business is booming, will have $175 million economic impact in Las Vegas this week|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/dana-white-says-ufc-business-is-booming--will-have--175-million-economic-impact-in-las-vegas-181005876.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/dana-white-says-ufc-business-is-booming--will-have--175-million-economic-impact-in-las-vegas-181005876.html| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=October 31, 2016|work=[[Yahoo! Sports]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Live Chat: UFC Fight Night weekend preview, GLORY 17 recap, over saturation debate|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=roWwSOSQ9Ps|website=[[YouTube]] (MMAFighting.com official channel)|access-date=October 31, 2016|date=June 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Raimondi|first1=Marc|title=ONE CEO: Goal is to put on 50 shows per year|url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/3/11/8181445/one-championship-ceo-goal-is-to-put-on-50-shows-per-year| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/3/11/8181445/one-championship-ceo-goal-is-to-put-on-50-shows-per-year| archive-date=2021-10-18|work=MMA Fighting|publisher=[[SB Nation]] (MMAFighting.com)|date=March 11, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Schlinsky|first1=Alex|title=UFC 180 Details: Who is Fighting, When And Why|url=http://www.mmamania.com/2014/11/15/7219929/ufc-180-start-time-schedule-fighting-tonight-when-why-mexico-city-mma-ppv| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmamania.com/2014/11/15/7219929/ufc-180-start-time-schedule-fighting-tonight-when-why-mexico-city-mma-ppv| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=October 31, 2016|work=[[SB Nation]] (MMAmania.com)|date=November 15, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wyman|first1=Patrick|title=How the UFC Has Done More with Less in 2015|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2563685-how-the-ufc-has-done-more-with-less-in-2015| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2563685-how-the-ufc-has-done-more-with-less-in-2015| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=October 31, 2016|work=[[Bleacher Report]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UFC's Oversaturation and Overcommitment Problems|url=http://mmanuts.com/news/ufcs-oversaturation-overcommitment-problems/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://mmanuts.com/news/ufcs-oversaturation-overcommitment-problems/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=October 31, 2016|work=mmanuts.com|date=April 20, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MMA: Are too many shows watering down the sport?|url=http://fansided.com/2014/07/17/mma-many-shows-watering-sport/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://fansided.com/2014/07/17/mma-many-shows-watering-sport/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=October 31, 2016|work=FanSided.com|date=July 17, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
===Production team===<br />
[[File:AriannyLopez.png|thumb|Octagon girl [[Arianny Celeste]]]]<br />
Comedian, Brazilian jiu-jitsu and Taekwondo black belt<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/joe-rogan Joe Rogan: Information from]. Answers.com. Retrieved on May 3, 2011.</ref> [[Joe Rogan]] teams up with [[Sports commentator|play-by-play]] announcer [[Jon Anik]], [[UFC Hall of Fame]]r [[Daniel Cormier]] and [[Megan Olivi]] to provide commentary during broadcasts of most UFC events in the US. For 20 years{{efn|1997–2016}} Rogan and [[Mike Goldberg]] provided commentary at live events.<ref>{{cite web|title=UFC commentator Mike Goldberg leaving promotion following UFC 207|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2016/12/28/14106184/ufc-commentator-mike-goldberg-leaving-the-promotion-following-ufc-207|date=December 28, 2016|website=MMAFighting|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231121949/https://www.mmafighting.com/2016/12/28/14106184/ufc-commentator-mike-goldberg-leaving-the-promotion-following-ufc-207|archive-date=December 31, 2016|access-date=February 6, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The "Veteran Voice of the Octagon" is announcer [[Bruce Buffer]].<ref>{{cite news|author = Hackler, Tracy|title = MMA's Bruce Buffer Makes a Name for Himself|publisher = ESPN |date = August 27, 2010|url = http://www.xyience.com/index.cfm?fa=news.detail&gid=255&newsCategoryId=46|access-date = September 16, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110407174453/http://www.xyience.com/index.cfm?fa=news.detail&gid=255&newsCategoryId=46|archive-date = April 7, 2011|df = mdy-all}}</ref> [[Arianny Celeste]], Rachelle Leah, [[Brittney Palmer]], Carly Baker, Vanessa Hanson, Chrissy Blair, Jhenny Andrade, Camila Oliveira, Luciana Andrade, Jamilette Gaxiola, and Red Dela Cruz are [[ring girl|Octagon girls]].<ref>[http://www.ufc.com/octagonGirl UFC Octagon Girls] UFC.com Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref> Each fighter is assigned a [[cutman]] by the promotion who cares for the fighter before the fight and in between rounds. [[Jacob Duran|Jacob "Stitch" Duran]] was one of the best known cutmen working for the organization.<ref>{{cite news|author = Borges, Ron|title = Cutman has made mark|newspaper = [[Boston Herald]]|date = August 29, 2010|url = http://www.bostonherald.com/sports/other_sports/ultimate_fighting/view.bg?articleid=1277704|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100901141416/http://www.bostonherald.com/sports/other_sports/ultimate_fighting/view.bg?articleid=1277704|url-status=dead|archive-date = September 1, 2010|access-date = September 16, 2010}}</ref> Matches are made by matchmakers, and VP of Talent Relations, Joe Silva and Sean Shelby.<ref>{{cite news|author = Kid Nate|title = How the UFC Books Fights|publisher = Bloodyelbow.com|date = September 3, 2010|url = http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/9/3/1667816/how-the-ufc-books-fights| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2010/9/3/1667816/how-the-ufc-books-fights| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date = September 16, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==UFC records==<br />
{{Main|List of UFC records}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Record!!Fighter!!Number<br />
|-<br />
|Youngest Champion||[[Jon Jones]]||23 years, 8 months<br />
|-<br />
|Oldest Champion||[[Randy Couture]]||45 years, 146 days<br />
|-<br />
|Longest reign as a Champion||[[Anderson Silva]]||2,457d (6y 8m 22d)<br />
|-<br />
|Most championship reigns||Randy Couture||5<br />
|-<br />
|Most Bouts||[[Jim Miller (fighter)|Jim Miller]] ||45<br />
|-<br />
|Most Wins||Jim Miller||27<br />
|-<br />
|Most Finishes||[[Charles Oliveira]]||21<br />
|-<br />
|Most Knockouts||[[Derrick Lewis]]||15<br />
|-<br />
|Most Submissions||Charles Oliveira||17<br />
|-<br />
|Most Decision Wins||[[Neil Magny]]||14<br />
|-<br />
|Most wins in title bouts||Jon Jones||16<br />
|-<br />
|Most title bouts||Jon Jones||17<br />
|-<br />
|Most consecutive title defenses||[[Demetrious Johnson]]||11<br />
|-<br />
|Longest winning streak||Anderson Silva, [[Islam Makhachev]]||16<br />
|-<br />
|Most Post Fight Awards||Charles Oliveira||20<br />
|-<br />
|Most Performance of the Night Awards||Charles Oliveira||13<br />
|-<br />
|Most Knockout of the Night Awards||Anderson Silva||7<br />
|-<br />
|Most Submission of the Night Awards||[[Joe Lauzon]]||6<br />
|-<br />
|Most Fight of the Night Awards||[[Edson Barboza]], [[Dustin Poirier]]||10<br />
|-<br />
|Most total fight time||[[Rafael Dos Anjos]]||8:43:19<br />
|-<br />
|Most takedowns in a single bout||[[Khabib Nurmagomedov]]||21 of 27 attempts<br />
|-<br />
|Fastest knockout||[[Jorge Masvidal]]||0:05<br />
|-<br />
|Fastest submission||[[Oleg Taktarov]]||0:09<br />
|-<br />
|Fastest Title Fight Knockout||[[Conor McGregor]]||0:13<br />
|-<br />
|Fastest Title Fight Submission||[[Ronda Rousey]]||0:14<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==UFC Hall of Fame==<br />
{{Main|UFC Hall of Fame}}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:Left;"<br />
|+<br />
!Date of Induction<br />
!Entry<br />
!Wing<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |November 21, 2003<br />
|[[Royce Gracie]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="www.ufc.com-2018">{{Cite web |date=2018-11-06 |title=UFC HALL OF FAME {{!}} UFC |url=https://www.ufc.com/honors/ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=ufc.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Ken Shamrock]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|-<br />
|April 16, 2005<br />
|[[Dan Severn]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-02 |title=UFC Hall of Famer Dan Severn Retires from MMA at 54-Years of Age {{!}} MMAWeekly.com |url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-hall-of-famer-dan-severn-retires-from-mma-at-54-years-of-age |access-date=2022-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|June 24, 2006<br />
|[[Randy Couture]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2020 |title=UFC Hall of Famer Randy Couture, girlfriend Mindy Robinson injured in ATV accident at Arizona ranch |url=https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/ufc-randy-couture-girlfriend-mindy-robinson-injured-atv-accident-arizona-ranch-surgery-224921190.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=au.finance.yahoo.com |language=en-AU}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|March 1, 2008<br />
|[[Mark Coleman]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-20 |title=Mark Coleman Set for UFC Hall of Fame Induction at UFC 82 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2008/02/mark-coleman-set-for-ufc-hall-of-fame-induction-at-ufc-82 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |July 11, 2009<br />
|[[Chuck Liddell]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Wagner-2009">{{Cite web |last=Wagner |first=Adam |date=2009-07-12 |title=Chuck Liddell and Charles 'Mask' Lewis inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2009/07/12/chuck-liddell-and-charles-mask-lewis-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMAmania.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Charles Lewis Jr.]]<br />
|Contributor<br />
|-<br />
|May 29, 2010<br />
|[[Matt Hughes (fighter)|Matt Hughes]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-28 |title=– MATT HUGHES INDUCTED INTO UFC HALL OF FAME {{!}} MMAWeekly.com |url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/matt-hughes-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame-2 |access-date=2022-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|July 7, 2012<br />
|[[Tito Ortiz]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Dave |date=2012-07-07 |title=Emotional Tito Ortiz Inducted Into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/ufc/2012/7/7/3143613/emotional-tito-ortiz-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |July 6, 2013<br />
|[[Forrest Griffin]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref name="Doyle-2013">{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Dave |date=2013-07-06 |title=Griffin, Bonnar inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2013/7/6/4499076/forrest-griffin-stephan-bonnar-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar|Griffin vs. Bonnar I]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref name="Doyle-2013" /><br />
|-<br />
|July 5, 2014<br />
|[[Pat Miletich]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McMahon |first1=Janice |date=2010-04-15 |title=Engineer Lisa Poyneer inducted into Women's Hall of Fame |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.4.1373 |journal=Physics Today |issue=4 |article-number=2885 |bibcode=2010PhT..2010d2885M |doi=10.1063/pt.4.1373 |issn=1945-0699 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |July 11, 2015<br />
|[[Bas Rutten]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Dave |date=2015-05-23 |title=Rutten named to UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2015/5/23/8648019/bas-rutten-named-to-ufc-hall-of-fame-pioneer-wing |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[B.J. Penn]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.J. Penn joins the UFC Hall of Fame class of 2015 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/ufc/b-j-penn-joins-the-ufc-hall-of-fame-class-of-2015 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=FOX Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 189|Hughes vs. Trigg II]]<br />
|Fight<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Meltzer-2015">{{Cite web |last=Meltzer |first=Dave |date=2015-05-20 |title=UFC announces half of 2015 Hall of Fame class |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2015/5/20/8632375/blatnick-and-hughes-vs-trigg-fight-to-be-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Jeff Blatnick]]<br />
|Contributor<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |July 10, 2016<br />
|[[Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burke |first=Tim |date=2016-05-16 |title=Big Nog to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2016/5/16/11681146/ufc-antonio-rodrigo-nogueira-to-be-inducted-into-hall-of-fame |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305230637/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2016/5/16/11681146/ufc-antonio-rodrigo-nogueira-to-be-inducted-into-hall-of-fame |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Bloody Elbow |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Don Frye]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-05 |title=MMA legend Don Frye set for induction into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2016/06/mma-legend-don-frye-set-for-induction-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 17|Coleman vs. Williams]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-16 |title=1998 Fight Between Pete Williams and Mark Coleman To Be Inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame {{!}} MMAWeekly.com |url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/1998-fight-between-pete-williams-and-mark-coleman-to-be-inducted-into-the-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Bob Meyrowitz]]<br />
|Contributor<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Dave |date=2016-06-01 |title=Bob Meyrowitz named to UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2016/6/1/11830310/co-founder-bob-meyrowitz-named-to-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |July 6, 2017<br />
|[[Maurice Smith (fighter)|Maurice Smith]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-23 |title=Former heavyweight champ Maurice Smith joins 2017 UFC Hall of Fame class |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2017/04/former-heavyweight-champ-maurice-smith-joins-2017-ufc-hall-of-fame-class |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Kazushi Sakuraba]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meltzer |first=Dave |date=2017-06-04 |title=UFC announces Kazushi Sakuraba for 2017 Hall of Fame class |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2017/6/4/15734208/ufc-announces-kazushi-sakuraba-for-2017-hall-of-fame-class |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Urijah Faber]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urijah Faber joins UFC Hall of Fame class of 2017 |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/ufc/urijah-faber-joins-ufc-hall-of-fame-class-of-2017 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=FOX Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Joe Silva<br />
|Contributor<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meltzer |first=Dave |date=2017-05-14 |title=Longtime matchmaker Joe Silva to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2017/5/14/15636986/longtime-matchmaker-joe-silva-to-be-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |July 5, 2018<br />
|[[Matt Serra]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hiergesell |first=Dan |date=2018-04-21 |title=Serra To Be Inducted Into UFC Hall Of Fame This July |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2018/4/21/17267250/matt-serra-to-be-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame-this-july-mma |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMAmania.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Ronda Rousey]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chiappetta |first=Mike |date=2018-07-06 |title=Ronda Rousey inducted Into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/7/6/17539216/ronda-rousey-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 139|Rua vs. Henderson]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raimondi |first=Marc |date=2018-05-12 |title=Dan Henderson vs. 'Shogun' Rua I to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/5/12/17348512/dan-henderson-vs-shogun-rua-i-to-be-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Bruce Connal<br />
|Contributor<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meshew |first=Jed |date=2018-04-08 |title=Longtime producer Bruce Connal to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/4/8/17211564/longtime-producer-bruce-connal-to-be-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Art Davie]]<br />
|Contributor<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Mookie |date=2018-05-01 |title=UFC co-founder Art Davie to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/5/1/17309004/art-davie-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame-mma-news |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305230612/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/5/1/17309004/art-davie-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame-mma-news |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Bloody Elbow |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |July 5, 2019<br />
|[[Rich Franklin]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raimondi |first=Marc |date=2019-04-13 |title=Rich Franklin to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/4/13/18309698/rich-franklin-to-be-inducted-into-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Michael Bisping]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-19 |title=After paying in blood his entire career, Michael Bisping is a UFC Hall of Famer |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2019/03/michael-bisping-hard-road-to-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Rashad Evans]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-19 |title=Rashad Evans to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2019/05/rashad-evans-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom#The Ultimate Fighter 9 Finale|Sanchez vs Guida]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Mookie |date=2019-06-09 |title=Diego Sanchez vs. Clay Guida earns spot in UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2019/6/9/18658790/diego-sanchez-vs-clay-guida-earns-spot-ufc-hall-of-fame-mma-news |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305230609/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2019/6/9/18658790/diego-sanchez-vs-clay-guida-earns-spot-ufc-hall-of-fame-mma-news |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Bloody Elbow |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |September 23, 2021<br />
|[[Kevin Randleman]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Martin-2021">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Damon |date=2021-09-24 |title=Georges St-Pierre, Kevin Randleman, Jon Jones and more honored during UFC Hall of Fame induction ceremony |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2021/9/24/22691128/georges-st-pierre-kevin-randleman-jon-jones-more-honored-during-ufc-hall-of-fame-induction-ceremony |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Georges St-Pierre]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 165|Jones vs Gustafsson I]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-08 |title=Jon Jones vs. Alexander Gustafsson 1 to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame 'Fight Wing' |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/03/jon-jones-vs-alexander-gustafsson-ufc-165-hall-of-fame-fight-wing |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Marc Ratner]]<br />
|Contributor<br />
|<ref name="Martin-2021" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |June 30, 2022<br />
|[[Khabib Nurmagomedov]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2022-03-05 |title=Khabib Nurmagomedov Announced As UFC Hall of Fame Class of 2022 Inductee |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/03/05/khabib-nurmagomedov-announced-as-ufc-hall-of-fame-class-of-2022-inductee/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Daniel Cormier]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Former heavyweight champion Daniel Cormier to be inducted into 2022 UFC Hall of Fame class |url=https://www.cbssports.com/mma/news/former-heavyweight-champion-daniel-cormier-to-be-inducted-into-2022-ufc-hall-of-fame-class/ |access-date=May 8, 2022 |website=CBS Sports |date=May 8, 2022 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 206|Swanson vs. Choi]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=April 8, 2022 |title=Cub Swanson vs Dooho Choi to be Inducted Into 2022 UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.ufc.com/news/cub-swanson-vs-dooho-choi-be-inducted-2022-ufc-hall-fame |access-date=April 9, 2022 |website=Ultimate Fighting Championship |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |July 6, 2023<br />
|[[Jens Pulver]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=Brent Brookhouse |date=2023-02-11 |title=Former UFC lightweight champion Jens Pulver to join 2023 Hall of Fame class |url=https://www.cbssports.com/mma/news/former-ufc-lightweight-champion-jens-pulver-to-join-2023-hall-of-fame-class/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=CBS Sports}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Anderson Silva]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=Brian Campbell |date=2023-03-18 |title=Legendary former middleweight champion Anderson Silva named to 2023 UFC Hall of Fame class |url=https://www.cbssports.com/mma/news/legendary-former-middleweight-champion-anderson-silva-named-to-2023-ufc-hall-of-fame-class/#:~:text=Morning%20Kombat%20podcast-,Legendary%20former%20middleweight%20champion%20Anderson%20Silva%20named,UFC%20Hall%20of%20Fame%20class&text=The%202023%20class%20of%20the,a%20whole%20lot%20more%20prestigious. |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=CBS Sports}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[José Aldo]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-21 |title=José Aldo named to UFC Hall of Fame class of 2023 |url=https://www.ufc.com/news/jose-aldo-named-ufc-hall-fame-class-2023 |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=Ultimate Fighting Championship}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Donald Cerrone]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=Marc Raimondi |date=2023-03-25 |title=Donald 'Cowboy' Cerrone to be inducted into UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/35949102/donald-cowboy-cerrone-inducted-ufc-hall-fame |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=ESPN}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 189|Lawler vs. MacDonald II]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=April 8, 2023 |title=Robbie Lawler vs. Rory MacDonald II to be Inducted Into 2023 UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-189-fight-between-robbie-lawler-and-rory-macdonald-be-inducted-ufc-hall-fame |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |June 27, 2024<br />
|[[Wanderlei Silva]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-18 |title=Former PRIDE champ Wanderlei Silva joins 2024 UFC Hall of Fame class |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/02/ufc-news-wanderlei-silva-joins-2024-ufc-hall-of-fame-class-pride-champion-pioneer |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Maurício Rua]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-05 |title=Mauricio 'Shogun' Rua joins 2024 UFC Hall of Fame class |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/05/ufc-news-shogun-rua-joins-2024-hall-of-fame-class-pioneer-wing |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Joanna Jędrzejczyk]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-10 |title=Former champ Joanna Jedrzejczyk joins 2024 UFC Hall of Fame class |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2024/03/ufc-news-joanna-jedrzejczyk-joins-2024-hall-of-fame-class |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Frankie Edgar]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-21 |title=Edgar announced as first '24 UFC HOF inductee |url=https://www.espn.com.au/mma/story/_/id/39352748/frankie-edgar-announced-first-2024-ufc-hall-fame-inductee |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 117|Silva vs. Sonnen I]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2024-04-14 |title=Anderson Silva vs. Chael Sonnen Announced for UFC Hall of Fame Fight Wing |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2024/04/13/anderson-silva-chael-sonnen-announced-ufc-hall-fame/ |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |June 26, 2025<br />
|[[Vitor Belfort]]<br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-11 |title=Vitor Belfort tears up as UFC destroyer gets legendary Hall of Fame induction |url=https://bloodyelbow.com/2025/05/11/vitor-belfort-tears-up-as-ufc-destroyer-gets-legendary-hall-of-fame-induction/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=bloodyelbow.com |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Mark Kerr (fighter)|Mark Kerr]] <br />
|Pioneer<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2025-06-08 |title=Mark Kerr Headed to UFC Hall of Fame, Class of 2025 |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/06/07/mark-kerr-headed-to-ufc-hall-of-fame-class-of-2025/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Robbie Lawler]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=Former welterweight champion 'Ruthless' Robbie Lawler named to UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.keviniole.com/2025/03/08/robbie-lawler-named-to-ufc-halloffame |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Kevin Iole |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Amanda Nunes]]<br />
|Modern<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-13 |title=Two-division champion Amanda Nunes selected for UFC Hall of Fame |url=https://www.keviniole.com/2025/04/12/amanda-nunes-selected-for-ufc-hall-of-fame |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Kevin Iole |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[UFC 236|Adesanya vs Gastelum]]<br />
|Fight<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samano |first=Simon |title=Israel Adesanya vs. Kelvin Gastelum interim title-fight war joins UFC Hall of Fame Class of 2025 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2025/02/08/israel-adesanya-vs-kelvin-gastelum-ufc-hall-of-fame/78368489007/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Craig Piligian]]<br />
|Contributor<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=2025-01-19 |title=UFC to Induct 'Ultimate Fighter' Co-Creator Craig Piligian into Hall of Fame (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/ufc-hall-of-fame-craig-piligian-1236277532/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Media==<br />
===Television===<br />
====Television programs produced by UFC====<br />
*''UFC Connected'' is a magazine style television show. In 2018 the UFC announced a monthly show to be hosted by UK presenter [[Layla Anna-Lee]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Layla fronts UFC Connected |url=https://www.red24artists.com/2018/02/20/layla-fronts-ufc-connected/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.red24artists.com/2018/02/20/layla-fronts-ufc-connected/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=Red 24 Artists |date=February 20, 2018|access-date=March 27, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> With regular contributions from Dan Hardy and John Gooden, UFC Connected features a behind the scenes look at the UFC and its athletes. The show is also shown on [[BT Sport]] in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |title=UFC Connected – what time is it on TV |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/hsy4vx/ufc-connected--series-2019-episode-3/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/hsy4vx/ufc-connected--series-2019-episode-3/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=Radio Times |access-date=March 27, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
*''UFC Now'' is a long running<ref>{{cite web |title=UFC Now – Episode List |url=https://www.tvmaze.com/shows/13910/ufc-now/episodes| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.tvmaze.com/shows/13910/ufc-now/episodes| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=TV Maze |access-date=December 10, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> weekly [[television show]] presented by [[Karyn Bryant]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Karyn Bryant Fox Sports PressPass |url=https://www.foxsports.com/presspass/bios/on-air/karyn-bryant| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.foxsports.com/presspass/bios/on-air/karyn-bryant| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=Fox Sports |access-date=March 19, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gleisser |first1=Benjamin |title=Fight Club Covering ultimate fighters and really cute dogs |url=https://www.brownalumnimagazine.com/articles/2018-05-15/fight-club| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.brownalumnimagazine.com/articles/2018-05-15/fight-club| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=July 2, 2019 |work=Brown Alumni Magazine |date=May 15, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The show has grown in popularity over the years where UFC fighters such as [[Cub Swanson]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caldwell |first1=George |title=The top 5 most EPIC heavyweight fights in UFC history |url=https://www.mixedmartialarts.com/vault/vault/the-top-5-most-epic-heavyweight-fights-in-ufc-history| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mixedmartialarts.com/vault/vault/the-top-5-most-epic-heavyweight-fights-in-ufc-history| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=mixedmartialarts.com |date=March 30, 2018 |access-date=March 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Kenny Florian]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenny Florian Biography UFC Fighter, Television |url=http://kennyflorian.com/biography/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://kennyflorian.com/biography/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=kennyflorian.com |access-date=March 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and [[Alan Jouban]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caldwell |first1=George |title=UFC's top 5 most HEATED grudge matches |url=https://www.mixedmartialarts.com/vault/vault/ufcs-top-5-most-heated-grudge-matches| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.mixedmartialarts.com/vault/vault/ufcs-top-5-most-heated-grudge-matches| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=mixedmartialarts.com |date=April 13, 2018 |access-date=March 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> appear as regular guests and analysts. The show is available on [[UFC Fight Pass]] and is aired on [[BT Sport]]<ref>{{cite web |title=UFC NOW – what time is it on TV? Episode 10 Series 2019 cast list and preview. |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/hsd2r4/ufc-now--series-2019-episode-10/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/hsd2r4/ufc-now--series-2019-episode-10/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=Radio Times |access-date=March 19, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> in the UK. The show has regular segments such as breaking down the latest fighters for up and coming events, a roundhouse quiz, a top 5 selection and a rapid fire taking questions from fans via various social media platforms. Other guests who have regularly appeared are [[Michael Bisping]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ep. 28 Prepared for the Big Stage |url=https://www.ufc.tv/video/episode-528-prepared-for-the-big-stage| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.ufc.tv/video/episode-528-prepared-for-the-big-stage| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=ufc.tv |access-date=March 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Tatiana Suarez]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ep.6 Swinging the Sledgehammer |url=https://www.ufc.tv/video/ep6-swinging-the-sledgehammer| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.ufc.tv/video/ep6-swinging-the-sledgehammer| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=ufc.tv |access-date=March 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Daniel Cormier]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ep. 32 The Rise of The Black Beast |url=https://www.ufc.tv/video/episode-532-the-rise-of-the-black-beast| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.ufc.tv/video/episode-532-the-rise-of-the-black-beast| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=ufc.tv |access-date=March 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Brendan Schaub]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nilston |first1=Tom |title=Brendan Schaub Banned From UFC Now For 'Controversial Comments' |url=https://www.lowkickmma.com/brendan-schaub-banned-by-ufc-for-controversial-comments/ |website=lowkickmma.com |date=January 26, 2016 |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref> [[Brian Ortega]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ep.7 Jonathan Dwight Jones |url=https://www.ufc.tv/video/ep7-jonathan-dwight-jones| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.ufc.tv/video/ep7-jonathan-dwight-jones| archive-date=2021-10-18 |website=ufc.tv |access-date=March 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and more throughout the years. It was reported in 2016 Schaub will no longer appear due to being banned from the show.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cepeda |first1=Elias |title=Brendan Schaub talks about being 'banned' and being a zebra in a row of horses |url=https://www.foxsports.com/ufc/story/brendan-schaub-talks-about-being-banned-and-being-a-zebra-in-a-row-of-horses-012616| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.foxsports.com/ufc/story/brendan-schaub-talks-about-being-banned-and-being-a-zebra-in-a-row-of-horses-012616| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=August 4, 2019 |work=Fox Sports |date=January 26, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Niston |first1=Tom |title=Brendan Schaub Banned From UFC Now For 'Controversial Comments' |url=https://www.lowkickmma.com/brendan-schaub-banned-by-ufc-for-controversial-comments/ |access-date=August 4, 2019 |publisher=Low Kick MMA |date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Haynes |first1=Stephie |title=Brendan Schaub says he's been banned from appearing on UFC Now and UFC Tonight |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2016/1/26/10834646/ufc-brendan-schaub-banned-from-ufc-programming-wont-fall-in-line-like-rest-mma |access-date=August 4, 2019 |publisher=Bloody Elbow |date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bohn |first1=Mike |title=Brendan Schaub: I've been banned from 'UFC Now' because I don't 'fall in line' |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2016/01/brendan-schaub-ive-been-banned-from-ufc-now-because-i-dont-fall-in-line| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2016/01/brendan-schaub-ive-been-banned-from-ufc-now-because-i-dont-fall-in-line| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=August 4, 2019 |publisher=MMA Junkie |date=January 26, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Guillen |first1=Adam Jr. |title=Brendan Schaub: I've been banned from UFC programming because I won't fall in line like the rest |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2016/1/26/10834646/ufc-brendan-schaub-banned-from-ufc-programming-wont-fall-in-line-like-rest-mma |access-date=August 4, 2019 |issue=January 26, 2016 |publisher=MMA Mania}}</ref><br />
*''UFC Tonight'' is a television series produced by [[Fox Sports 1]] and the UFC. Hosted by [[Kenny Florian]] and Karyn Bryant, the program features the latest news, highlights, and analysis from the UFC. This program was carried over to FS1 from Fuel TV (now [[Fox Sports 2]]).<ref name=MMAweekleyUFC>{{cite web|title="UFC Tonight" Moves to Fox Sports 1 on September 11|url=http://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-tonight-moves-to-fox-sports-1-on-sept-11| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmaweekly.com/ufc-tonight-moves-to-fox-sports-1-on-sept-11| archive-date=2021-10-18|website=MMA Weekly|date=August 23, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
*''UFC Unleashed'' is a television series produced by [[Spike TV]] and the UFC. It features matches from past UFC events. Episodes are one hour in length, showing several UFC bouts and "[[best of]]" compilations of popular fighters such as [[Chuck Liddell]] and [[Randy Couture]]. In Australia, the show can be seen on Weeknights on [[FX Australia|FX]]. In Sweden, the show can be seen on [[TV4 Sport]]. In Portugal, the show can be seen on [[Sic Radical]]. In Germany, the show can be seen on DSF. In the United Kingdom, the show can be seen on [[ESPN UK]] every Thursday at 10 pm. In Denmark, the show can be seen on [[Canal 8 Sport]] and [[Canal 9 (Denmark)|Canal 9]]. In Finland, the show can be seen on [[MTV3 MAX]]. In France, the show can be seen on [[RTL9]]. In Brazil the show can be seen on [[Combate]] In Middle East, the show can be seen on [[ShowSports]] and [[FX (TV channel)#Middle East|FX Middle East]].<ref>{{cite web|title=UFC Unleashed on FX Middle East|url=http://www.fxme.tv/shows/arabic/ufc/58| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103220004/http://www.fxme.tv/shows/arabic/ufc/58/| archive-date=2012-01-03|publisher=FXME.TV|access-date=September 17, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
*''[[Fox UFC]]'' (until 2018)<br />
*''[[UFC All Access]]''<br />
*''[[UFC Primetime]]''<br />
*''[[UFC Ultimate Insider]]''<br />
*''[[The Ultimate Fighter]]''<br />
*''UFC on ESPN/ABC'' (2019–2025)<br />
*''UFC on CBS/Paramount+'' (2026–present)<br />
<br />
====Appearances on other television programs====<br />
*''[[Friends]]'' Season 3, Episode 24 "The One with the Ultimate Fighting Champion" is based around the UFC and features [[Jon Favreau]] as Pete Becker, [[Monica Geller|Monica]]'s millionaire boyfriend who seeks to become the "Ultimate Fighting Champion", losing his first fight due to his opponent "standing on [his] neck", and the second to a man who "Trains by traveling to Iran and pulling the arms off of thieves". In his third fight, Pete loses to a fighter who "goes for his favorite area", causing [[Ross Geller|Ross]] to note Pete can no longer have kids.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandel |first=Dan |date=2022-10-19 |title=Sitcoms Have Been Flirting With MMA For Decades |url=https://www.cbr.com/sitcoms-mixed-martial-arts-friends-connection/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=CBR |language=en}}</ref><br />
*''[[The Simpsons]]'' Season 21, Episode 2 "[[The Great Wife Hope]]" is largely based around the UFC<ref>{{cite news |title=Full episode: "The Simpsons" MMA-themed episode, "The Great Wife Hope" |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2009/10/full-episode-the-simpsons-mma-themed-episode-the-great-wife-hope| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2009/10/full-episode-the-simpsons-mma-themed-episode-the-great-wife-hope| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |agency=MMAJunkie |date=October 12, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> where [[Marge Simpson|Marge]] ends up fighting in the octagon at the end of the episode. UFC president White said "We like fighting, but to make it sound like the UFC crowd is this bloodthirsty crowd that shows up and just want to see people get their (butts) kicked – that's not true. That's the stigma that the mainstream has of us".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wilcox |first1=Nate |title=Dana White Talks MMA on the Simpsons |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2009/10/15/1087218/dana-white-talks-mma-on-the| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2009/10/15/1087218/dana-white-talks-mma-on-the| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |publisher=bloodyelbow |date=October 15, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Chuck Liddell]] starred in the episode.<ref>{{cite news |title="Brazilian "Jiu-Jitsu" as self-defense wins over "The Simpsons" |url=https://www.graciemag.com/en/2012/10/14/brazilian-jiu-jitsu-as-self-defense-wins-over-the-simpsons/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.graciemag.com/en/2012/10/14/brazilian-jiu-jitsu-as-self-defense-wins-over-the-simpsons/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |agency=Graciemag |date=October 14, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A later reference was featured in the episode "[[The Way of the Dog]]" from Season 31, Episode 22 which aired on May 17, 2020, where [[Homer Simpson|Homer]] wanted to stay in to watch [[UFC 243]] and said "Not tomorrow! Tomorrow is UFC fight 243",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Nic |title=The Simpsons makes subtle jab at UFC in latest episode |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/ufc/the-simpsons-makes-subtle-jab-at-ufc-in-latest-episode/news-story/d7de78fb7277569b1df72920dfa29525 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |agency=Fox Sports}}</ref> he was later seen watching the event on his phone at the seminar. UFC president White also shared the clip on his social media.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Nic |title=The Simpsons makes subtle jab at UFC in latest episode |url=https://www.news.com.au/sport/sports-life/the-simpsons-makes-subtle-jab-at-ufc-in-latest-episode/news-story/039815f1b145a565852c3a7036f1dc59 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |agency=News.com.au |date=May 19, 2020}}</ref><br />
*''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]]'' Season 8, Episode 14. It was first announced in 2011 that ''Beavis and Butt-Head'' would feature UFC in their comeback season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Beavis And Butthead Plan To Make Fun Of UFC Later This Year |url=https://middleeasy.com/mma-news/beavis-and-butthead-plan-to-make-fun-of-ufc-later-this-year-2/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://middleeasy.com/mma-news/beavis-and-butthead-plan-to-make-fun-of-ufc-later-this-year-2/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |publisher=Middle Easy |date=February 17, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldman |first1=Tom |title=Beavis and Butthead to Take on YouTube, Jersey Shore |url=https://v1.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/107827-Beavis-and-Butthead-to-Take-on-YouTube-Jersey-Shore| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207151121/https://v1.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/107827-Beavis-and-Butthead-to-Take-on-YouTube-Jersey-Shore| archive-date=2018-12-07 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |date=February 17, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldberg |first1=Lesley |title='Beavis and Butt-Head': 7 Things to Expect From MTV's Relaunched Series |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/beavis-butt-head-7-things-217324| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/beavis-butt-head-7-things-217324| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |publisher=Hollywood Reporter}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In the episode "Holding", you see [[Beavis]] and [[Butt-Head]] watching the UFC of which creator [[Mike Judge]] first announced saying "They're also watching UFC fights" at a comic-con that year.<ref>{{cite news |title='Beavis and Butt-head' set to return to MTV in fall |url=https://www.cleveland.com/tv/2011/07/beavis_and_butt-head_set_to_re.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.cleveland.com/tv/2011/07/beavis_and_butt-head_set_to_re.html| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |work=The Plain Dealer |date=January 12, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The episode first aired on` December 8, 2011, on [[MTV]]. UFC president White is a known fan of the show and has referenced ''Beavis and Butt-Head'' in the past<ref>{{cite news |last1=Illuminati |first1=Chris |title=We Asked UFC President Dana White The Most Important Fight Question Ever — Who'd Win In A Brawl Between Beavis And Butthead? |url=https://brobible.com/sports/article/ufc-adult-swim/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://brobible.com/sports/article/ufc-adult-swim/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=May 24, 2020 |agency=brobible}}{{cbignore}}</ref> as well as hanging out with creator Mike Judge in 2010 where it was reported "White says the UFC and Judge will be working together".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cofield |first1=Steve |title=Dana White hanging with & Beavis and Butthead guy |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/dana-white-hanging-beavis-butthead-guy--mma.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAD75fr_8P5V4-FAysXb1G7KvX5vmuenhtHybyDDi9ie58jR7_qKtIIfNSfOq4a-zy2lBv4yRPs73v-RnuE5lEH1FSxeeEndYlR87XyGoLUYR4KjB8e8XpDK8j4Vgy32z14shS01-srF_FUE-QBCGiluZ4LiiigXWAamZ7YE1saHo |access-date=May 24, 2020 |publisher=Yahoo Sports |date=September 15, 2010}}</ref> In 2016, Judge created an official [[UFC 200]] animated short featuring [[Daniel Cormier]] and [[Jon Jones]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Golightly |first1=Justin |title=Creators Of Beavis & Butthead And Ren & Stimpy Are Doing A UFC 200 Cartoon |url=https://middleeasy.com/mma-news/creators-beavis-butthead-ren-stimpy-ufc-200-cartoon/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://middleeasy.com/mma-news/creators-beavis-butthead-ren-stimpy-ufc-200-cartoon/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=May 24, 2020 |publisher=Middle Easy|date=June 25, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Music===<br />
*''UFC: Ultimate Beatdowns, Vol. 1'', an album of music featured in and inspired by the UFC.<ref>{{cite web |title=UFC: Ultimate Beatdowns, Vol. 1 Various Artists |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/ufc-ultimate-beatdowns-vol-1-mw0000165312 |website=All Music |access-date=September 5, 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
*''[[Ultimate Fighting Championship (video game)|Ultimate Fighting Championship]]'' ([[Dreamcast]] and [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]])<br />
*''[[UFC: Tapout]]'' ([[Xbox (console)|Xbox]])<br />
*''[[UFC: Throwdown]]'' ([[GameCube]], [[PlayStation 2]])<br />
*''[[UFC: Tapout 2]]'' (Xbox)<br />
*''[[UFC: Sudden Impact]]'' (PlayStation 2)<br />
*''[[UFC 2009 Undisputed]]'' ([[PlayStation 3]] and [[Xbox 360]])<br />
*''[[UFC Undisputed 2010]]'' ([[PlayStation Portable]], PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, [[iPod Touch]], [[iPad]], [[iPhone]])<br />
*''[[UFC Personal Trainer]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, [[Wii]])<br />
*''[[UFC Undisputed 3]]'' (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)<br />
*''[[EA Sports UFC]]'' ([[PlayStation 4]], [[Xbox One]])<br />
*''[[EA Sports UFC 2]]'' (PlayStation 4, Xbox One)<br />
*''[[EA Sports UFC 3]]'' (PlayStation 4, Xbox One)<br />
*''[[EA Sports UFC 4]]'' (PlayStation 4, Xbox One)<br />
*''[[EA Sports UFC 5]]'' ([[PlayStation 5]], [[Xbox Series X/S]])<br />
In January 2007, Zuffa and video game developer/publisher [[THQ]] announced a license agreement giving THQ worldwide rights to develop titles under the UFC brand. The agreement gives THQ exclusive rights to current and next-generation consoles as well as to PC and handheld titles. Also included are "certain wireless rights" which were not detailed. The licensing agreement was set to expire in 2011, although it appeared to have been extended to 2017. On June 4, 2012, THQ announced they will be giving the license of UFC Undisputed to EA.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tim |first1=Geoffrey |title=E3 2012: THQ loses UFC licence |url=https://www.criticalhit.net/gaming/e3-2012-thq-loses-ufc-licence/ |access-date=September 5, 2022 |agency=Critical Hit Gaming |date=June 4, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Action figures===<br />
====Round 5====<br />
The first UFC action figure collectibles were released by Round 5 Corporation in May 2008.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071104073819/http://www.round5mma.com/index.php Round 5 – The Official UFC Collectible]}}. Round5mma.com. Retrieved on May 3, 2011.</ref> Series one of their figures includes [[Quinton "Rampage" Jackson]], [[Matt Hughes (fighter)|Matt Hughes]], [[Tito Ortiz]], and [[Randy Couture]]. Series two (released on November 10, 2008) includes [[Wanderlei Silva]], [[Sean Sherk]], [[Rich Franklin]], and [[Anderson Silva]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2008 |title=MMAjunkie.com Fight Biz – Round 5 MMA's path to entrepreneurial success |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2008/12/mmajunkie-com-fight-biz-round-5-mmas-path-to-entrepreneurial-success |website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2009, Round 5 acquired the UFC license through Jakks Pacific and subsequently released five more series under the UFC and Pride brands. Two packs were released in August 2010 and include a UFC Octagon cage and Pride ring display stand. Limited edition versions include fabric walk-out tees or paint variations and are limited in number with foil and holographic packaging variances. Special edition and exclusive versions have been released at various UFC Fan Expo events.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=August 6, 2009 |title=Round 5 collectibles agrees to sub-licensing deal with UFC, JAKKS |url=https://www.si.com/mma/2009/08/06/round-5ufc#:~:text=Round%205%20collectibles%20agrees%20to%20sub-licensing%20deal%20with%20UFC%2C%20JAKKS,-Author%3A&text=JAKKS%20Pacific%2C%20Inc.%2C%20leading,share%20UFC%20and%20MMA%20talent. |magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Jakks Pacific====<br />
On June 10, 2008, it was announced that UFC had signed an exclusive four-year contract with [[Jakks Pacific]] to create action figures for UFC. {{As of|2009}} the schedule envisages the release of these figures in November 2009. They have currently been 8 series released and they feature special Legends, Pride, and WEC style figures as well. Three 2 packs series have also been released, as well as several expo and internet exclusives. There are also several different octagon cage playsets that have been released, including the "Octagon Playset", "Official Scale Octagon Playset", and "Electronic Reaction Octagon Playset". A Pridestyle ring playset was also originally planned; however, no news have been given on its status or release date since then.<ref>[http://www.ringsidecollectibles.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=R&Product_Code=UFCR-002&Category_Code=UFCR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425062717/http://www.ringsidecollectibles.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=R&Product_Code=UFCR-002&Category_Code=UFCR|date=April 25, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jakks UFC Octagon Official Scale Playset MMAFigs.com|url = http://www.mmafigs.com/index.php/mma_ufc_figure_newsline/3064-UFC-Octagon-Prototype-Preview-Videos.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafigs.com/index.php/mma_ufc_figure_newsline/3064-UFC-Octagon-Prototype-Preview-Videos.html| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date = June 21, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ringsidecollectibles.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=R&Product_Code=UFCR-004&Category_Code=UFCR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123151435/http://www.ringsidecollectibles.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=R&Product_Code=UFCR-004&Category_Code=UFCR|date=November 23, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
;Jakks Pacific UFC Deluxe Figure Lineups:<br />
<br />
* Series 0: [[Royce Gracie]] (Legends Packaging), [[Brock Lesnar]], [[Frank Mir]], [[Rashad Evans]], [[Keith Jardine]], [[Houston Alexander]], [[Kendall Grove]], [[Miguel Torres (fighter)|Miguel Angel Torres]] (WEC Packaging)<ref>{{cite news|title=UFC Series Zero Action Figure Prototype Images MMAFigs.com |url = http://www.mmafigs.com/index.php/mma_ufc_figure_newsline/3065-UFC-Series-Prototype-Figure-Videos-Brock-Lesnar-Royce-Gracie-More.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafigs.com/index.php/mma_ufc_figure_newsline/3065-UFC-Series-Prototype-Figure-Videos-Brock-Lesnar-Royce-Gracie-More.html| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date = June 21, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
* Series 1: [[Chuck Liddell]], [[Anderson Silva]], [[Forrest Griffin]], [[Michael Bisping]], [[Evan Tanner]] (Legends Packaging), [[Kevin Randleman]] (Pride Packaging), [[Cheick Kongo]], [[Mike Swick]]<ref>{{cite news|title=UFC Series 1 Action Figure Prototype Images MMAFigs.com|url = http://www.mmafigs.com/index.php/mma_ufc_figure_newsline/3049-UFC-Deluxe-Series-New-Jakks-Prototype-Images.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.mmafigs.com/index.php/mma_ufc_figure_newsline/3049-UFC-Deluxe-Series-New-Jakks-Prototype-Images.html| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date = June 21, 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
* Series 2: [[Nate Marquardt]], [[Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira]], [[Mike Thomas Brown]] (WEC Packaging), [[Bas Rutten]] (unreleased in this series, moved to series 6), [[Georges St-Pierre]] (unreleased in this series, moved to series 6), [[Lyoto Machida]] (unreleased in this series, moved to series 5), [[Rampage Jackson|Quinton Jackson]] (unreleased in this series, moved to series 8), [[Thiago Alves (fighter)|Thiago Alves]] (unreleased in this series, moved to series 6)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefightnerd.com/ufc-deluxe-2-protos/ |title=UFC Deluxe series 2 prototype pics out! |publisher=The Fight Nerd |date=November 2, 2009 |access-date=November 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904053855/http://www.thefightnerd.com/ufc-deluxe-2-protos/ |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* Series 3: [[Chuck Liddell]] and [[Mark Coleman]] (Legends Packaging), [[Karo Parisyan]], [[B.J. Penn]], [[Jon Fitch]], [[Thiago Silva (fighter)|Thiago Silva]], [[Maurício Rua]] (Pride Packaging)<br />
* Series 4: [[Wanderlei Silva]], [[Sean Sherk]], [[Rich Franklin]], [[Matt Hughes (fighter)|Matt Hughes]], [[Kimbo Slice]], [[Jamie Varner]] (WEC Packaging), [[Don Frye]] (Legends Packaging), [[Andrei Arlovski]] (unreleased in this series, later released in series 7)<br />
* Series 5: [[Lyoto Machida]] (1 of 100 inserts were also released randomly and contained a special die cast version of the UFC belt), [[Rampage Jackson|Quinton Jackson]] (Pride Packaging), [[Matt Hamill]], [[Dan Severn]] (Legends), [[Kenny Florian]], [[Matt Serra]], [[Stephan Bonnar]]<br />
* Series 6: [[Thiago Alves (fighter)|Thiago Alves]], [[Randy Couture]] (unreleased, was originally supposed to be a 1 of 100 inserts that was to be released randomly and contain a special die cast version of the UFC belt), [[Georges St-Pierre]], [[Clay Guida]], [[Frank Mir]], [[Tito Ortiz]], [[Jens Pulver]] (WEC Packaging), [[Bas Rutten]] (Legends)<br />
* Series 7 (if bought at Target, each of them, except for Nogueira, also came with a replica UFC event mini-poster): [[B.J. Penn]] (Legends Packaging), [[Anderson Silva]], [[Andrei Arlovski]], [[Forrest Griffin]] (Legends Packaging), [[Diego Sanchez]], [[Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira]] (Pride Packaging, 1 of 100 inserts were also released randomly and contained a special die-cast version of the Pride belt)<br />
* Series 8: [[Matt Hughes (fighter)|Matt Hughes]] (Legends Packaging), [[Chuck Liddell]] (Pride Packaging), [[Frankie Edgar]] (1 of 100 inserts were also released randomly and contained a special die-cast version of the UFC belt), [[Nate Diaz]], [[Rampage Jackson|Quinton Jackson]]<br />
<br />
; Jakks Pacific UFC Deluxe 2 Packs Figures Lineups:<br />
<br />
* Series 1: Chuck Liddell vs. Wanderlei Silva, Frank Mir vs. Brock Lesnar, Anderson Silva vs. Rich Franklin<br />
* Series 2: Lyoto Machida vs. Shogun Rua, Georges St-Pierre vs. Matt Hughes, Randy Couture vs. Chuck Liddell (was supposed to be canceled due to copyright issues; however, 1,000 packs managed to make it to several K-Mart stores)<br />
* Series 3: Chuck Liddell vs. Tito Ortiz, B.J. Penn vs. Kenny Florian, Dan Severn vs. Royce Gracie (Legends Packaging)<br />
* Expos Exclusives: Georges St-Pierre (Boston Expo 2010, 1 of 500)<br />
* Ringside Collectibles Internet Exclusives: Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar<br />The Ultimate Fighter Season 1 Final, Dana White, Quinton Rampage Jackson 1 of 1000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ringsidecollectibles.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=CTGY&Store_Code=R&Category_Code=UFC_MMA_EXCLUSIVES |title=WWE Toys, Wrestling Action Figures, Jakks Pacific, Classic Superstars Action F: UFC MMA Exclusives |publisher=Ringsidecollectibles.com |access-date=November 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123151359/http://www.ringsidecollectibles.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=CTGY&Store_Code=R&Category_Code=UFC_MMA_EXCLUSIVES |archive-date=November 23, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Jazwares====<br />
In 2020, the UFC and toy company [[Jazwares]] entered into an agreement to release a new line of UFC action figures.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/jazwares-and-ufc-bring-the-action-to-fans-with-launch-of-new-collectibles-line-301087256.html|title=Jazwares and UFC® Bring the Action to Fans with Launch of New Collectibles Line|date=July 1, 2020|access-date=September 21, 2023}}</ref> The first wave of Jazwares' UFC figures were scheduled to be released in Fall 2020.<br />
<br />
===DVDs===<br />
Various UFC events have been released onto DVD. [[UFC 23]] through [[UFC 29]] were not released in the US on home video or DVD by SEG. They have since been released onto boxsets which feature around 10 events each set, in chronological order.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC DVD's |url=https://www.gregwapling.com/tv/ultimate-fighting-championship/ufc-dvd.html |access-date=March 17, 2023 |website=gregwapling.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
===PlayStation Network and Xbox Live===<br />
UFC on-demand content launched for [[Xbox 360]] on December 20, 2011. Subscribers were able to view pay-per-view events in high definition, connect with friends to predict fight results, and have the ability to compare fighter statistics and records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://majornelson.com/2011/10/07/ufc-on-xbox-live-launching-december-1st/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://majornelson.com/2011/10/07/ufc-on-xbox-live-launching-december-1st/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |title=Xbox Live's Major Nelson » UFC on Xbox LIVE launching December 1 |publisher=Majornelson.com |date=October 7, 2011 |access-date=November 19, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[UFC Fight Pass]] application was also planned for [[PlayStation 4]] in early 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RAVENS |first=ANDREW |date=November 7, 2017 |title=A fan caught UFC's Fight Pass service doing something very shady |url=https://www.givemesport.com/1188640-a-fan-caught-ufcs-fight-pass-service-doing-something-very-shady/ |access-date=March 17, 2023 |website=givemesport.com}}</ref> In 2015, UFC Fight Pass became available on the Xbox One.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Jesse |title=UFC Fight Pass now available on Xbox ONE |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2015/4/7/8364173/ufc-fight-pass-now-available-on-xbox-one |access-date=September 5, 2022 |agency=MMA Mania |date=April 7, 2015}}</ref> In December 2022, a PlayStation version of the app was released.<br />
<br />
===NFTs===<br />
In August 2021, the UFC began to release NFTs to commemorate big fights, milestones and moments via their official trading card partner, [[Panini America]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Novy-Williams |first1=Eben |title=UFC to Sell First NFTs as Fighters Gain Share of Licensing |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/ufc-sell-first-nfts-fighters-123041217.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://sports.yahoo.com/ufc-sell-first-nfts-fighters-123041217.html| archive-date=2021-10-18 |publisher=Yahoo |date=August 5, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==International broadcasters==<br />
The UFC's PPV events are broadcast live on [[ESPN+|pay-per-view]] in the US and [[TNT Sports Box Office]] in the United Kingdom.<br />
<br />
=== United Kingdom ===<br />
In the UK; BT Sport's first ever live event was August 3, 2013 [[UFC 163]] headlined by [[José Aldo]] and [[The Korean Zombie]].<ref>{{cite news |title=BT Sport signs three-year UFC deal |url=https://sport-onthebox.com/2013/05/07/mma-bt-sport-signs-three-year-ufc-deal/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://sport-onthebox.com/2013/05/07/mma-bt-sport-signs-three-year-ufc-deal/| archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=September 21, 2021 |publisher=Sport on the Box |date=May 7, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> BT Sport were the first major broadcaster in the UK for the UFC where previously they had small coverage on [[Bravo (British TV channel)|Bravo]], [[Setanta Sports]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=MMA Weekly |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=OFFICIAL UFC 70 FIGHT CARD RELEASED |url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/official-ufc-70-fight-card-released-2 |access-date=September 5, 2022 |agency=MMA Weekly |date=April 13, 2007}}</ref> and finally [[ESPN in the United Kingdom|ESPN UK]] in August, 2012<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=UFC signs new broadcasting deal with ESPN |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/ufc/sport/story/162944.html |access-date=September 5, 2022 |agency=ESPN UK |date=August 1, 2012}}</ref> until the BT Sport deal was in place.<br />
<br />
As of August 2025, TNT Sports, the successor of BT Sport, holds exclusive rights to UFC in the United Kingdom.<br />
<br />
=== Mexico ===<br />
Events are broadcast live on [[Televisa|Fighting Sports Network]] in Pay TV (Cable and Satellite) of SKY Satellite. Free TV Channels in Mexico, [[Fox Sports (Latin American TV network)|Fox Sports]] and [[Fox Premium]] in Pay TV (Cable and Satellite) Central America are broadcast with tape-delay.<br />
<br />
=== Brazil ===<br />
In Brazil, events are broadcast live on [[Free-to-air|open television]] through [[Rede Bandeirantes]], which transmits the Fight Night events and preliminary cards of main events, while the numbered events are on [[UFC Fight Pass|Fight Pass]].<ref name="www.uol.com.br">{{Cite web |title=Allan Simon – Estreia do UFC na Band expõe desafio de fazer mesma transmissão na TV e PPV |url=https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/colunas/allan-simon/2023/01/15/estreia-ufc-na-band.htm |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref> Previously, [[Rede Globo]] broadcast it on its own martial arts channel [[:pt:Combate (canal de televisão)|Combate]] from 2011 to 2022, with select events on its broadcast network.<ref name="www.uol.com.br" /><br />
<br />
=== Asia ===<br />
In Southeast Asia (exclude the Philippines), Hong Kong, and Papua New Guinea, UFC events are broadcast on [[Fox Movies Premium]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{Citation|last=FNGIndonesia|title=UFC on Fox Movies Premium|date=February 16, 2012|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpWVl3UGNYE|access-date=September 22, 2018}}</ref> and [[Fox Sports Asia|Fox Sports]]<ref>{{Citation|last=UFCPromoChinese|title=UFC on Fox Sports Asia – The New Home of UFC|date=August 8, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5A59jaB1GA|access-date=September 22, 2018}}</ref> (2013–2021).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-and-fox-sports-asia-announce-broadcast-partnership-renewal-061517| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.ufc.com/news/ufc-and-fox-sports-asia-announce-broadcast-partnership-renewal-061517| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=UFC and Fox Sports Asia announce broadcast partnership renewal|work=UFC|access-date=September 22, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[India]], events are broadcast on [[Sony Ten|Sony Ten 2]], Sony Ten 1, Sony Ten 1 HD and Sony Ten 2 HD.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dhyani|first=Kunal|date=2019-08-06|title=Sony Pictures Network retains MMA's UFC media rights for four years|url=https://www.insidesport.co/sony-pictures-network-retains-mmas-ufc-media-rights-for-four-years/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/https://www.insidesport.co/sony-pictures-network-retains-mmas-ufc-media-rights-for-four-years/| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=2021-06-21|website=InsideSport|language=en-gb}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[Philippines]], UFC was also aired on [[Balls (TV channel)|Balls]] (now [[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|ABS-CBN Sports + Action HD]]) from 2009 until 2015, since moved to [[Sports5]] (including [[The 5 Network|TV5]], [[AksyonTV]] and [[Hyper (TV channel)|Hyper]] on Channel 91 (SD) and 261 (HD) via [[Cignal]]) starting January 3, 2016 until December 31, 2018, and is currently airing on [[TAP Digital Media Ventures Corporation]]-owned sports cable television channel [[Premier Sports (Philippine TV channel)|Premier Sports]] since October 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cignal gets rights to air UFC fights live as Balls Channel announces it is going off the air|url=http://www.spin.ph/combat-sports/news/ufc-on-sports5-cignal-abs-cbn-balls-skycable-destiny-cable| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.spin.ph/combat-sports/news/ufc-on-sports5-cignal-abs-cbn-balls-skycable-destiny-cable| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=April 10, 2016|publisher=Spin.PH|date=December 21, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UFC, Cignal, TV5 seal broadcast deal|url=http://www.philstar.com/sports/2015/12/30/1537590/ufc-cignal-tv5-seal-broadcast-deal| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://www.philstar.com/sports/2015/12/30/1537590/ufc-cignal-tv5-seal-broadcast-deal| archive-date=2021-10-18|access-date=April 10, 2016|publisher=Spin.PH|date=December 30, 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.spin.ph/life/guide/cignal-hints-ufc-set-to-be-seen-in-new-sports-channel-amidst-fox-going-off-air-a795-20210903|title=New Cignal channel Premier Sports to show UFC fights|website=Sports Interactive Network Philippines|date=September 3, 2021|access-date=November 5, 2021}}</ref>{{cbignore}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/02/21/ufc-to-be-broadcast-in-ph-via-tap-go-premier-sports|title=UFC to be broadcast in PH via TAP Go, Premier Sports|website=ABS-CBN News|date=October 2, 2021|access-date=November 6, 2021}}</ref>{{cbignore}}<br />
<br />
In [[Sri Lanka]], UFC events have been broadcast on several television networks over the years. Previously, UFC events were aired on various channels from 2012 to 2017, including [[Dialog TV]] and [[Peo TV|PEO TV]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2012/11/ufc-announces-partnership-with-mnc-media-in-indonesia-plans-future-events|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416033209/http://mmajunkie.com/2012/11/ufc-announces-partnership-with-mnc-media-in-indonesia-plans-future-events/|archive-date=2014-04-16|title=UFC announces partnership with MNC Media in Indonesia, plans future events|date=November 10, 2012|work=MMAjunkie|access-date=September 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Official iNewsTV Promo|title=SINDOTV – UFC Ultimate Fighting Championship|date=February 12, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5ZX90YUy8A|access-date=September 22, 2018}}</ref> Starting January 15, 2018, [[Sony Sports Ten 2]] became the primary broadcaster for UFC events in Sri Lanka, airing the events in English.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/other/sony-sports-ten-to-broadcast-ufc-in-india-and-sri-lanka-372197|title=Sony Sports Ten to broadcast UFC in India and Sri Lanka|publisher=India TV News|access-date=2025-04-14}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Additionally, UFC events have been available via [[UFC Fight Pass]], which offers live streaming of events and on-demand content for viewers in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufc.com/fightpass|title=UFC Fight Pass|publisher=UFC.com|access-date=2025-04-14}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Indonesia]], UFC events are currently broadcast on [[TvOne (Indonesia)|tvOne]] starting January 15, 2018;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.viva.co.id/sport/onepride/995811-3-duel-ufc-yang-disiarkan-tvone-senin-15-januari-2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923005747/https://www.viva.co.id/sport/onepride/995811-3-duel-ufc-yang-disiarkan-tvone-senin-15-januari-2018| archive-date=2018-09-23|title=3 Duel UFC yang Disiarkan tvOne, Senin 15 Januari 2018 – Viva|date=January 11, 2018|access-date=September 22, 2018|language=id}}{{cbignore}}</ref> previously, this events was also broadcast on [[RCTI]],<ref>{{Citation|last=Official RCTI|title=UFC ( Ultimate Fighting Championship ) Mulai 7 Februari|date=February 4, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKuG0KPgwuA|access-date=September 22, 2018}}</ref> [[iNews]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Official iNewsTV Promo|title=SINDOTV – UFC Ultimate Fighting Champhionship|date=February 12, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5ZX90YUy8A|access-date=September 22, 2018}}</ref> since 2012 until the end of 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mmajunkie.com/2012/11/ufc-announces-partnership-with-mnc-media-in-indonesia-plans-future-events| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416033209/http://mmajunkie.com/2012/11/ufc-announces-partnership-with-mnc-media-in-indonesia-plans-future-events/| archive-date=2014-04-16|title=UFC announces partnership with MNC Media in Indonesia, plans future events|date=November 10, 2012|work=MMAjunkie|access-date=September 22, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== United Arab Emirates ===<br />
On April 13, 2019, UFC's event was broadcast on [[Abu Dhabi Media]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302754673| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211018/http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302754673| archive-date=2021-10-18|title=Abu Dhabi Media, UFC announce new broadcast partnership|website=wam|access-date=April 11, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Poland ===<br />
In Poland since 2018 the official broadcaster of UFC it's [[Polsat Sport]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cieśla |first=Bartosz |date=2018-01-20 |title=UFC 220 na antenie Polsat Sport! Polsat przejmuje UFC! |url=https://mma.pl/ufc-220-na-antenie-polsat-sport-polsat-przejmuje-ufc/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=MMA PL |language=pl-PL}}</ref> Previously the UFC events in this nation are broadcast by [[Orange Sport (Poland)|Orange Sport]] and [[Extreme Sports Channel]]. The main Polish broadcasters of UFC telecasts, are Andrzej Janisz and Łukasz "Juras" Jurkowski.<br />
<br />
===Canada===<br />
In 2024, [[Rogers Sports & Media|Rogers]] successfully bid for the rights to broadcast UFC in Canada on its [[Sportsnet]] channels. The UFC was previously on Sportsnet and French broadcaster [[TVA Sports|TVA]] from September 2011 through the end of 2014 in Canada.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/ufc/article/ufc-returning-to-sportsnet-with-multi-year-deal-starting-in-2024/ | title=UFC returning to Sportsnet with multi-year deal starting in 2024 | date=November 8, 2023 }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Russia ===<br />
In Russian, UFC events are broadcast on Match TV, a Russian sports channel owned by Gazprom Media, starting 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Timothy Wheaton |title=UFC Strengthens Russian Presence With Match TV Deal And Star-Studded Fights |url=https://www.lowkickmma.com/ufc-strengthen-russia-match-tv-deal/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=lowkickmma.com |date=January 6, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{portal|Martial arts}}<br />
*[[List of UFC champions]]<br />
*[[List of UFC events]]<br />
*[[List of current UFC fighters]]<br />
*[[List of UFC bonus award recipients]]<br />
*[[UFC Fight Pass]]<br />
*[[Ultimate Fighting Championship controversies]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Official website}}<br />
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010221231634/http://www.ufc.tv/Index1.htm |date=February 21, 2001 |title=Ultimate Fighting Championship}}<br />
<br />
{{Ultimate Fighting Championship}}<br />
{{TKO Group Holdings}}<br />
{{WWE}}<br />
{{Mixed martial arts}}<br />
{{MMA organizations}}<br />
{{UFC Championships}}<br />
{{UFC Hall of Fame}}<br />
{{UFC Events}}<br />
{{UFC Men's pound-for-pound Rankings}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ultimate Fighting Championship| ]]<br />
[[Category:TKO Group Holdings]]<br />
[[Category:1993 establishments in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Mixed martial arts promotions]]<br />
[[Category:Ultimate Fighting Championship television series]]<br />
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1993]]<br />
[[Category:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies]]<br />
[[Category:2016 mergers and acquisitions]]<br />
[[Category:2023 mergers and acquisitions]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in Las Vegas]]<br />
[[Category:Private equity portfolio companies]]<br />
[[Category:Zuffa]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacinto_Vaz&diff=505000Jacinto Vaz2026-03-14T18:02:34Z<p>Stevenagok: New...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian comedian and singer (1918–1993)}}<br />
{{about|Indian comedian|thoroughbred jockey|Jacinto Vásquez}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Jacinto Vaz<br />
| image = Jacinto Vaz as Paltu in Nirmon film (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Vaz as Paltu in ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966)<br />
| birth_name = Jacinto Castor Vas<br />
| birth_place = [[Tiswadi#Settlements|Mandur]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1918|4|27|df=y}}<br />
| other_names = Jacint Vaz<br />
| death_place = Mandur, Goa, India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|4|30|1918|4|27|df=y}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Mary Vaz|1947}}<br />
| children = 2<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|actor|singer|composer|playwright}}<br />
| employer = ''[[All India Radio|Emissora de Goa]]''<br />
| notable_works = ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jacinto Castor Vaz''' ({{langx|gom|Jacint}}; [[né]] '''Vas'''; 27 April 1918 – 30 April 1993) was an Indian comedian, actor, singer, composer, and playwright known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions. Referred to as the "[[Charlie Chaplin]] of the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] stage," he was a leading comedian during the golden phase of ''tiatr'',<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |pages=50, 136 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126045216/https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |archive-date=2023-11-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> and has acted in over 4000 ''tiatrs''.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
[[File:Jacinto Vaz.png|thumb|upright|Vaz in his middle age]]<br />
Jacinto Castor Vaz, originally known as Jacinto Castor Vas, was born on 27 April 1918, in [[Tiswadi#Settlements|Mandur]], [[Ilhas de Goa]], which was a part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] and is presently located in India. His parents were Castor Joaquin Vaz ([[né]] Vas) and Margarida Cardoso. Vaz received his elementary education at a local village school.<ref name=":0" /> During his schooling in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), Vaz, similar to many other [[Goan]] ''[[tiatrist]]s'', was introduced to the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]]. He attended Little Flower High School, which organized annual Konkani singing competitions. Vaz's singing abilities attracted attention, leading to his regular participation in concerts and cultural events organized by the school.<ref name=":1" /> He was also recognized with awards for his acting and singing during these competitions. Vaz's growing reputation for his performances in school programs caught the attention of influential ''[[tiatr]]'' directors of the time. This served as a catalyst for his entry into the professional world of Konkani theater, where he would make a name for himself.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Cardozo |first=Tomazinho |date=2013-08-17 |title=Jacint Vaz Ek 'natural comedian' |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/17_amcho_avaz_ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=Amcho Avaz |language=gom |archive-date=2024-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212180355/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/17_amcho_avaz_ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Vaz's introduction to the professional stage occurred in [[Ernest Rebello]]'s ''[[tiatr]]'' production titled ''Hanv Patki'' (I Confess). Recognizing Vaz's talent, [[Dioguinho D'Mello]] invited him to join the National Artistes Unity in [[Bombay]], an association that included figures such as Anthony Vaz, Souza Ferrão, [[Kid Boxer]], and Miss Julie, all prominent ''[[tiatrist]]s''. Through this association, Vaz had the opportunity to tour [[Goa]]. Initially, Vaz focused on serious roles, predominantly singing melancholic songs. However, it was the playwright and director Alexinho de Candolim who identified Vaz's hidden comedic talent. Alexinho offered Vaz the lead role of a comical [[bridegroom]] in his ''tiatr'' production ''Bhasailolo Nouro'' (Destined Boyfriend). Vaz's performance surpassed expectations, establishing him as a comedian on the ''tiatr'' stage. Writer Irene Cardozo commended Vaz for his natural comedic ability, effortlessly blending with his role and captivating audiences with his spontaneous and effortless humor. Vaz's mere presence on stage evoked laughter, highlighting his innate comedic aptitude, writes Cardozo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cardozo |first=Irene |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=27–28}}</ref> Consequently, Vaz became synonymous with comedy, and subsequent offers predominantly comprised comedic roles.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=99–107, 372 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-12 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
During this period, Anthony Mendes held the position of the leading comedy figure in [[Tiatr|Konkani stage productions]]. However, Vaz's ascent was facilitated by an unfortunate event-the untimely death of Mendes in 1964 at the age of 43. Cardozo writes, this created a void that only a comedian of Vaz's caliber could fill.<ref name=":0" /> Vaz rose to the occasion, meeting the high expectations set by prominent directors. His contributions to the Konkani stage earned him the title "[[Charlie Chaplin]]" of the Konkani stage, writes [[Konkani language|Konkani]] historian and singer [[Wilson Mazarello]]. Vaz elevated comedy in Konkani ''tiatr'' to new heights, captivating a broad audience base. His popularity was such that ''tiatr'' attendees would inquire about his involvement in productions, often requesting tickets for the entire family. In addition to his accomplishments as a performer, Vaz was known as a playwright. He penned numerous ''tiatrs'', some of which achieved significant commercial success. Among his popular works are ''Bodmas'' (Ungrateful), ''Gorvali'' (Housewife), ''Bandwala'' (Bands Man), ''Main ani Sun'' (Mother and Daughter-in-law), ''Nitidar'' (The Judge), ''Botler Bab'', ''Xevott Putancho'' (Sons End), ''Mouza'' (Enjoyment), ''Tiatrist'' (Theatre performer), ''Dadagiri'' (Goondaism), ''Cunhead ani Mana'', ''Amcheo Bailo'' (Our Women), ''Podon'' (Godfather), ''Ghovachem Ghor'' (Husband's Home), ''New Fashion'', ''Bombay Dekho'' (See Bombay), ''To Aamkam Visorlo'' (He Forgot Us), and ''Mog Montur'' (Strong Love). One of Vaz's most acclaimed ''tiatrs'', ''Cunhead ani Mana'', enjoyed an extensive run of 175 performances. Vaz also took ''Cunhead ani Mana'' and ''New Fashion'' on a tour of [[African countries]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
In 1959, Vaz embarked on a tour of various regions in Africa, where he showcased his ''[[tiatr]]s'', a form of [[Goan]] [[musical theater]]. His performances took place in [[Nairobi]], [[Mombasa]], [[Dar-Es-Salaam]], and [[Tanganyika Territory]]. Accompanying Vaz on this African tour were artists such as M. Dod de Verna, Saluzinho D'Costa, Remmie Colaco, [[Aristides Dias]], A. S. Conception, Jephsis Hitler, Zacharias Fernandes, Dioginho D'Mello, and Young Menezes. Prior to reaching Africa, Vaz also staged ''Cunhead Ani Mana'' in [[Karachi]], Pakistan. In 1982, Vaz embarked on a second tour of Africa. Starting from 1981, Vaz expanded his performances to encompass [[Gulf countries]] like [[Bahrain]], [[Kuwait]], [[Muscat]], [[Doha]], [[Dubai]], and [[Abu Dhabi]], where he entertained Goan audiences with his ''tiatrs''. His songs, recorded with [[Gramophone Company India]], continue to receive regular airplay on [[All India Radio]] in [[Panaji]] and Mumbai.<ref name=":1" /> Vaz also released an [[audio cassette]] titled ''Goencho Avaz'' featuring his [[Goan music|Konkani songs]], composed by his son Tony Vaz and Mike Machado. The cassette is now available in [[compact disc]] format. Vaz is particularly remembered for his role in the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] ''[[Nirmon]]''. The song "Kazar Zaunk Assa Ankwar Cholo," performed by Vaz himself in the film, attained enduring popularity among Goans and Konkani music enthusiasts worldwide, writes Cardozo.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
[[File:Jacinto Vaz and M. Boyer.jpg|thumb|Vaz and [[M. Boyer]] snapped together]]<br />
Throughout his career, Vaz participated in numerous ''tiatrs'', both as a writer and director of his own productions, as well as collaborating with prominent playwrights and directors. Notable figures he collaborated with include [[Pai Tiatrist|João Agostinho Fernandes]], [[Ernest Rebello]], J.P. Souzalin, [[Aleixinho De Candolim]], [[Minguel Rod]], [[Kid Boxer]], [[Master Vaz]], [[Dioguinho D'Mello]], J. A. Lobato, [[C. Alvares]], [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], [[M. Boyer]], Rico Rod, [[Star of Arossim]], and [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]]. Vaz also held a position at ''Emissora de Goa'' (now [[All India Radio]]) for a period of time.<ref name=":0" /> [[Konkani language|Konkani]] historian and singer [[Wilson Mazarello]] praised Vaz for his musical sense and pleasant voice, noting his intolerance for subpar singing. Vaz was also a [[violinist]]. Towards the end of his career, Vaz extended his involvement in the ''tiatr'' scene by directing and writing numerous productions, in addition to his extensive acting repertoire of over 4,000 ''tiatrs''. He composed and performed several popular songs, including "Nylon," "Pd. Agnel," "Bailank Lagon," "Bhair Kaddlo Dovo," "Dukracho Prat," "Kabai," "Koloi," "Mottorcar," "Rend Sedachem," and "Rock-N-Roll." Vaz's contribution to ''tiatr'' performances exceeded 1,000, encompassing both his own productions and those of others. He recorded songs on [[gramophone records]], All India Radio, and cassettes. Additionally, he delivered a memorable performance in the Konkani film ''Mhoji Ghorkarn''.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
In May 2018, a collection of handwritten verses authored by Vaz was made publicly available. These original works, which included some of Vaz's well-known songs, had been carefully preserved by his family and were generously donated to the [[Goa State Central Library]] in January 2018. The donation was made with the intention of preserving Vaz's legacy for future generations. The texts consisted of over 50 songs, complete with lyrics, as well as information on the dates and venues of the corresponding ''[[tiatrs]]''. To ensure easy access and preservation, the library digitized the handwritten material and compiled it into bound books.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Original works of Jacint Vaz find place in annals of Central Library |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/original-works-of-jacint-vaz-find-place-in-annals-of-central-library/articleshow/63992695.cms |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The significance of Vaz's contributions to ''tiatr'' was further acknowledged with the erection of a statue in his birthplace of [[Tiswadi#Settlements|Mandur]] during the same year. The literary works of Vaz and [[Konkani language|Konkani]] writer [[Reginald Fernandes]] are considered to hold significant cultural and historical importance. Despite this, these writers remain relatively obscure to younger generations. Historically, there has been a lack of recognition for their contributions, resulting in their literature being largely undiscovered. According to library curator Carlos Fernandes, the existing body of their work represents a valuable and unique treasure trove, offering potential for enriching research endeavors for those interested in studying their writings.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
==Selected stage works==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|''Hanv Patki''<br />
|Singer/actor <br />
|Professional debut <br />
|<ref name=":3" /><br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|''Bhasailolo Nouro''<br />
|Bridegroom <br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|''Bodmas''<br />
|Writer<br />
|<br />
|rowspan="3"|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|''Gorvali''<br />
|Writer<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|''Bandwala''<br />
|Writer <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1955<br />
|''Main ani Sun''<br />
|Writer <br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":4" /><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Imdb name|nm4107717}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaz, Jacinto}}<br />
[[Category:1918 births]]<br />
[[Category:1993 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Tiatrists]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from Goa]]<br />
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durgasimha&diff=447199Durgasimha2026-02-27T20:43:42Z<p>Stevenagok: fixes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|11th century Indian politician and translator}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
'''Durgasimha''' ({{circa|1025}}) was the minister of war and peace (''Sandhi Vigrahi'') of [[Western Chalukya Empire|Western Chalukya]] King [[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]] (also known as Jagadekamalla, r. 1018&ndash;1042).<ref name="history">Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1122</ref> Durgasimha adapted the well-known set of [[fable]]s, ''[[Panchatantra]]'' ("The five stratagems"), from [[Sanskrit language]] into the [[Kannada language]] in ''champu'' style (mixed prose and verse). The Kannada-language version, whose central theme has a strong [[Jainism|Jain]] bent, contains 60 fables, 13 of which are original stories. All the stories have morality as their theme and carry a summary section (''Katha Shloka''). The Kannada version is the earliest Indian vernacular version, and the author, being a minister, not surprisingly, chose to write a book on political science (''Rajniti'').<ref name="history"/><ref name="shloka">Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1253</ref><ref name="lang">Shastri (1955), p. 357</ref> The scholar R. Narasimhachar fixed the date of this work as c.&nbsp;1025, but the modern Kannada poet and scholar [[Govinda Pai]] dated the work to 8 March 1031, based on information in the concluding stanza of the manuscript.<ref name="history"/><br />
<br />
==About the author==<br />
Durgasimha was a Brahmin by birth and is known to have belonged to the [[Smartha]] [[Bhagavata]] sub-sect of Hinduism, a community which gives equal importance to the Hindu gods [[Shiva]] and [[Vishnu]].<ref name="history"/><ref name="brahmin">Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 19</ref> He was a native of Kisukadu Nadu, another name for ancient [[Karnataka]], and was a resident of the [[Savadi, Gadag|Sayyadi]] Brahmin school of higher learning (''agrahara'').<br />
<br />
==History of ''Panchatantra'' literature==<br />
{{main|Panchatantra}}<br />
{{For|a content comparison of various versions of the Panchatantra|List of Panchatantra Stories}}<br />
<br />
Although the original text of the ''Panchatantra'' is lost, it was evidently an independent work written in Sanskrit around 300 CE (give or take a century or two).<ref>Olivelle 1997, p xii-xiii.</ref> Within the text its putative author is often given as [[Vishnu Sharma]], but there is no evidence indicating this to be a real person, as opposed to a fictional story-telling figure.<ref name="Olivelle 1997, p xii">Olivelle 1997, p xii.</ref> Durgasimha's translation is based on the so-called "Southern ''Panchatrantra''" — a version closely resembling the original, which also engendered several other Indian vernacular versions, as well as the ''[[Hitopadesha]]''.<ref name="Olivelle 1997, p xlii">Olivelle 1997, p xlii.</ref><br />
<br />
===Legendary origin===<br />
<br />
However, Durgasimha (or his source) puts forward his own legendary textual history, based on the assumption that the ''Panchatantra'' was originally part of the ''[[Brihatkatha]]'' (when in fact "[i]t appears that the original ''Bṛhatkathā'' did not include the ''Pañcatantra'', but a later version made in Kashmir or north-western India seems to have inserted the ''Pañcatantra'' into its repertoire of stories"<ref name="Olivelle 1997, p xlii"/>).<br />
<br />
Durgasimha's version states that Pushpadatta, a chief attendant of the Hindu god Shiva overheard Shiva telling his consort [[Parvati]] a great story. This story was later reproduced as ''Brihatkatha'' in [[Paishachi]] by [[Gunadhya]], a reincarnation of Pushpadatta, and a court poet of king [[Shalivahana]]. He further states that the Sanskrit version by Vasubhaga Datta (who replaces Vishnu Sharma as the putative author in several of the "Southern" versions<ref name="Olivelle 1997, p xii"/>) was a selection of "five stories" from the Paishachi original, and hence the name ''Panchatantra'' ("The five stratagems").<ref name="history"/><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{cite book |last=Narasimhacharya|first= R|title= History of Kannada Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.489059|orig-year=1988|year=1988|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-206-0303-6 }}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
| year=1997<br />
| title=The Pañcatantra: The Book of India's Folk Wisdom<br />
| last=Olivelle<br />
| first=Patrick (translator)<br />
| publisher=Oxford University Press<br />
| isbn=978-0-19-955575-8<br />
}}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Sastri|first= Nilakanta K. A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}} <br />
*{{cite book |last= Various|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 2|year=1988|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1194-7}}<br />
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{{Panchatantra}}<br />
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{{authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Western Chalukya people]]<br />
[[Category:11th-century Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Translators from Sanskrit]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:11th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:11th-century translators]]<br />
[[Category:Indian translators]]<br />
[[Category:Panchatantra]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarangi&diff=445642Sarangi2026-02-20T02:28:04Z<p>Stevenagok: small edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Bowed, short-necked string instrument from South Asia}}<br />
{{About||the Nepali instrument|Sarangi (Nepali)|the village in Iran|Sarangi, Iran}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=April 2022}}{{cleanup lang|article|date=August 2021}}}}{{Infobox Instrument<br />
| name = Sarangi<br />
| image = The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Sarangi.jpg<br />
| classification = *[[Chordophone]]<br />
| range = <br />
| related = * [[Sarinda (instrument)|Sarinda]] <br />
* [[Taus (instrument)|Taus]] <br />
* [[Dilruba]]/[[Esraj]]<br />
*[[Dhantara]]<br />
* [[Sarangi (Nepali)|Nepali Sarangi]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''sarangi''' is a [[bow (music)|bowed]], short-necked [[string instrument|three-stringed instrument]] played in traditional music from South Asia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Sound of Mughal-era sarangi instrument fading away in Pakistan |publisher=National Centre for the Performing Arts |year=1987}}</ref> It is said to resemble the sound of the human voice through its ability to imitate vocal ornaments such as ''[[Gamak]]s or Gamakam'' (shakes) and ''[[meend]]s'' (sliding movements).<ref name=":0" /> The [[Sarangi (Nepali)|Nepali sarangi]] is similar, but is a four-stringed, simpler [[folk instrument]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Playing ==<br />
[[File:Sarangi tuning.jpg|thumb|150px|Surjeet Singh tuning his sarangi]]<br />
The repertoire of ''sarangi'' players is traditionally related to vocal music. Nevertheless, a concert with a solo sarangi as the main item will sometimes include a full-scale ''[[raga]]'' presentation with an extensive ''alap'' (the unmeasured improvisatory development of the raga).In increasing intensity (''alap'' to ''jor'' to ''jhala'') and several compositions in increasing tempo called ''bandish''. As such, it could be seen as being on a par with other instrumental styles such as [[sitar]], [[sarod]], and [[bansuri]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
It is rare to find a sarangi player who does not know the words of many classical compositions.<ref name=":0" /> The words are usually mentally present during the performance, and a performance almost always adheres to the conventions of vocal performances including the organisational structure, the types of elaboration, the tempo, the relationship between sound and silence, and the presentation of ''[[khyal]]'' and ''[[thumri]]'' compositions. The vocal quality of sarangi is in a separate category from, for instance, the so-called ''gayaki-ang'' of [[sitar]] which attempts to imitate the nuances of ''khyal'' while overall conforming to the structures and usually keeping to the ''gat'' compositions of instrumental music. (A ''gat'' is a composition set to a cyclic rhythm.)<br />
<br />
The [[Sarangi (Nepali)|Nepali sarangi]] is a traditional stringed musical instrument of [[Nepal]], commonly played by the Gaine or [[Gandarbha]] ethnic group; the form and repertoire of the instrument in Nepal is more folk oriented than in India, and it is particularly associated with Gandarbha people.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Structure ==<br />
[[File:Sarangi lying.jpg|thumb|right|A sarangi laid flat]]<br />
Carved from a single block of ''tun'' ([[Toona ciliata|red cedar]]) wood, the sarangi has a box-like shape with three hollow chambers: ''pet'' ('stomach'), ''chaati'' ('chest') and ''magaj'' ('brain').<ref name=":0" />It is usually around {{convert|2|ft}} long and around {{convert|6|in}} wide, though it can vary as there are smaller as well as larger variant sarangis as well. The smaller ones are more stable in hand. The lower resonance chamber or ''pet'' is covered with [[parchment]] made out of goat skin on which a strip of thick leather is placed around the waist (and nailed on the back of the chamber) which supports the elephant-shaped bridge that is usually made of camel or buffalo bone. (Originally, it was made of ivory or [[Barasingha]] bone but now that is rare due to the ban in India). The bridge in turn supports the huge pressure of approximately 35–37 [[Sympathetic string|sympathetic steel or brass strings]] and three main gut strings that pass through it. The three main playing strings&nbsp;– the comparatively thicker gut strings&nbsp;– are bowed with a heavy horsehair bow and stopped not with the fingertips but with the [[Nail (anatomy)|nails]], cuticles, and surrounding flesh. [[Talcum powder]] is applied to the fingers as a lubricant. The neck has ivory or bone platforms on which the fingers slide. The remaining strings are sympathetic, or ''tarabs'', numbering up to around 35–37, divided into four choirs having two sets of pegs, one on the right and one on the top. On the inside is a [[chromatic]]ally tuned row of 15 ''tarabs'' and on the right a [[diatonic]] row of nine ''tarabs'' each encompassing a full [[octave]], plus one to three extra surrounding notes above or below the octave. Both these sets of ''tarabs'' pass from the main bridge to the right side set of pegs through small holes in the ''chaati'' supported by hollow ivory/bone beads. Between these inner ''tarabs'' and on either side of the main playing strings lie two more sets of longer ''tarabs'', with five to six strings on the right set and six to seven strings on the left set. They pass from the main bridge over to two small, flat, wide, table-like bridges through the additional bridge towards the second peg set on top of the instrument. These are tuned to the important tones (''[[swara]]s'') of the raga. A properly tuned sarangi will hum and cry and will sound like melodious meowing, with tones played on any of the main strings eliciting echo-like resonances. A few sarangis use strings manufactured from the intestines of goats.<br />
<br />
== Decline ==<br />
Around the 20th century, the harmonium and violin began to be used as alternatives to the sarangi due to their comparative ease of handling.<ref name=":0" />In Pakistan specifically, since the 1980s, the decline in sarangi playing has also been attributed to the deaths of several masters and extreme religious radicalization.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-10 |title=Sound of Mughal-era sarangi instrument fading away in Pakistan |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2351548/sound-of-mughal-era-sarangi-instrument-fading-away-in-pakistan |url-status=live |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The Express Tribune |publisher=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notable performers ==<br />
<br />
===Sarangi players in India===<br />
* [[Abdul Latif Khan]] (1934–2002)<br />
* [[Aruna Narayan]] (born 1959)<br />
* [[Ashique Ali Khan]] (1948–1999)<br />
* [[Bharat Bhushan Goswami]] (b. 1955)<br />
* [[Bundu Khan]] (1880–1955)<br />
* [[Dhruba Ghosh]] (1957–2017)<br />
* [[Ghulam Ali (singer)|Ghulam Ali]] (Sarangi) (b. 1975)<br />
* [[Harsh Narayan]] (b. 1985)<br />
* [[Manonmani]] (b. 2000)<br />
* [[Ramesh Mishra]] (1948–2017)<br />
* [[Ram Narayan]] (b. 1927-2024)<br />
* [[Sabir Khan (musician)|Sabir Khan]] (Sarangi) (b. 1978)<br />
* [[Sabri Khan]] (1927–2015)<br />
* [[Siddiqui Ahmed Khan]] (1914–)<br />
* [[Suhail Yusuf Khan]] (b. 1988)<br />
* [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Sultan Khan]] (1940–2011)<br />
* [[Ustad Faiyaz Khan (Karnataka singer)|Ustad Faiyaz Khan]] (born 1968)<br />
* [[Moinuddin Khan (musician)]] (died 2015)<br />
<br />
===Sarangi players in Pakistan===<br />
* [[Allah Rakha (sarangi)|Allah Rakha]] (1932–2000)<br />
* [[Bundu Khan]] (1880–1955)<br />
* [[Nathu Khan]] (1920–1971)<br />
<br />
===Other sarangi players===<br />
*Yuji Nakagawa, Sarangi – a Japanese citizen who learnt to play the instrument in India under the tutelage of Dhruba Ghosh<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Esraj]]<br />
*[[Sarinda (instrument)|Sarinda]]<br />
*[[Hindustani music]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Bor, Joep, 1987: "The Voice of the Sarangi", comprising ''National Centre for the Performing Arts Quarterly Journal'' 15 (3–4), December 1986 and March 1987 (special combined issue), Bombay: NCPA<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Magriel |first1=Nicolas |title=Sāraṅgī style in Hindustani music |date=2021 |publisher=iMerc |location=London |isbn=978-1905351398}}<br />
* Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt, 1997: “The Indian Sarangi: Sound of Affect, Site of Contest”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, pp.&nbsp;1–38<br />
* Sorrell, Neil (with Ram Narayan), 1980: ''Indian Music in Performance'', Bolton: Manchester University Press<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Sarangis}}<br />
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/musicnepal/2.mp3 Resham Firiri] A popular Nepali folk music with a Sarangi and ''[[madal]]''.<br />
*[http://sarangi.info sarangi.info] – downloadable sarangi and vocal music, including the integral of two important books, ''The Voice of the Sarangi'' by Joep Bor and ''Indian Music in Performance and Practice'' by Ram Narayan and Neil Sorrell.<br />
*[http://www.growingintomusic.co.uk Growing into Music] – includes several films by Nicolas Magriel on Indian musical enculturation including films about the sarangi players, [[Farooq Latif Khan]] (b. 1975), [[Sarwar Hussain Khan]] (b. 1981), [[Mohammed Ali Khan, Sarangi]] (d. 2002), [[Ghulam Sabir Qadri]] (1922–), Vidya Sahai Mishra (d. 2019), [[Siddiqui Ahmed Khan]] (1914–), [[Ghulam Sabir Khan]] (b. 1948), [[Murad Ali]] (b. 1977), [[Faiyaz Khan (Varanasi)]], [[Zakan Khan (Varanasi)]] and [[Kanhaiyalal Mishra (Varanasi)]].<br />
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/indi/ho_89.4.200.htm Sarangi, Gujarat, 19th century]<br />
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/indi/ho_1982.143.2.htm Sarangi, ca. 1900]<br />
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/indi/ho_46.34.43.htm Sarangi, North India, late 19th century]<br />
<br />
{{Indian musical instruments}}<br />
{{Musical instruments of Nepal}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bowed instruments]]<br />
[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]<br />
[[Category:Nepalese musical instruments]]<br />
[[Category:String instruments with sympathetic strings]]<br />
[[Category:Drumhead lutes]]<br />
[[Category:Sarangi players|*]]<br />
[[Category:Chordophones]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malda&diff=474123Malda2026-02-02T13:53:53Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{wikt|Malda}}<br />
'''Malda''' may refer to:<br />
<br />
* [[Malda district]] in West Bengal state, northeastern India<br />
* [[Malda division]], an administrative unit that includes Malda district<br />
* [[Malda, West Bengal]], city in Malda district in West Bengal state, eastern India<br />
**[[Maldah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], state assembly constituency <br />
**[[Malda (Lok Sabha constituency)]], former constituency of the Indian parliament in West Bengal<br />
* Latin Catholic [[Apostolic Prefecture of Malda]] (former; renamed and promoted as Diocese of Dumka)<br />
* [[Malda, Bihar]], a village in West Champaran district in Bihar state, northeastern India<br />
* [[Malda, Estonia]], a village<br />
* [[Maldà]] in Catalonia, Spain <br />
'''Malda''' is also a given name. People with the name include:<br />
<br />
* [[Malda Baumgartė]] (born 1965), Latvian-born Lithuanian retired paralympic athlete <br />
* [[Malda Susuri]] (born 1988), Kosovo Albanian singer, visual artist and graphic designer<br />
{{dab|geo}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shloka&diff=471044Shloka2026-02-01T15:19:22Z<p>Stevenagok: updated details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Sanskrit verse in Anustubh metre}}<br />
'''Shloka''' or '''śloka''' ({{langx|sa|श्लोक}} '''{{Transliteration|sa|ISO|śloka}}''', from the root {{lang|sa|श्रु}} {{Transliteration|sa|ISO|śru}}, {{lit|hear}}<ref name="Sanskrit Slokas With Meaning in Hindi">[https://www.motivatorindia.in/2019/12/sanskrit-slokas-with-meaning-hindi.html '''Sanskrit Slokas With Meaning in Hindi''']</ref><ref name=Macdo>Macdonell, Arthur A., ''A Sanskrit Grammar for Students'', Appendix II, p. 232 (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1927).</ref>) in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stanza; a proverb, saying";<ref name=monierwilliamssloka/> but in particular it refers to the 32-[[syllable]] verse, derived from the [[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]] ''[[anuṣṭubh]]'' metre, used in the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' and many other works of classical Sanskrit literature.<ref>For other definitions see: {{Cite web |title=श्लोक (zloka) - KST (Online Sanskrit Dictionary) |url=https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95?q=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95&scope=kosha |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=kosha.sanskrit.today}}</ref><br />
<br />
In its usual form it consists of four ''[[Pada (foot)|pādas]]'' or quarter-verses, of eight syllables each,<ref>W. J. Johnson (2010), ''Oxford Dictionary of Hinduism''.</ref> or (according to an alternative analysis) of two half-verses of 16 syllables each.<ref name=Macdo/> The metre is similar to the [[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]] ''[[anuṣṭubh]]'' metre, but with stricter rules.<br />
<br />
The ''śloka'' is the basis for [[Indian epic poetry]], and may be considered the Indian verse form ''par excellence'', occurring as it does far more frequently than any other metre in classical [[Sanskrit prosody|Sanskrit poetry]].<ref name=Macdo/> The ''śloka'' is the verse-form generally used in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the [[Puranas]], [[Smriti]]s, and the scientific treatises of Hinduism such as ''[[Sushruta Samhita]]'' and ''[[Charaka Samhita]]''.{{Sfn|Arnold|1905|p=11, 50 with note ii(a)}}<ref name="Friedrich Max Müller 1860 67–70"/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Vishwakarma | first1=Richa | last2=Goswami | first2=PradipKumar | title=A review through Charaka Uttara-Tantra | journal= AYU | volume=34 | issue=1 | year=2013 | pages=17–20 | doi=10.4103/0974-8520.115438 | pmid=24049400 | pmc=3764873 | doi-access=free }}</ref> The ''Mahabharata'', for example, features many verse metres in its chapters, but 95% of the stanzas are ''ślokas'' of the ''anuṣṭubh'' type, and most of the rest are ''[[tristubh]]''s.{{Sfn|Hopkins|1901|p=192}}<br />
<br />
The ''[[anuṣṭubh]]'' is found in Vedic texts, but its presence is minor, and ''[[Tristubh|triṣṭubh]]'' and ''[[Vedic metre|gāyatrī]]'' metres dominate in the ''[[Rigveda]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kireet Joshi| title=The Veda and Indian Culture: An Introductory Essay| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1CJlM2nhlt0C| year=1991| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass| isbn=978-81-208-0889-8|pages=101–102}}</ref> A dominating presence of ''ślokas'' in a text is a marker that the text is likely post-Vedic.<ref name="Friedrich Max Müller 1860 67–70">{{cite book|author=Friedrich Max Müller|title=A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle|year=1860|publisher=Williams and Norgate|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle/page/67 67]–70}}</ref><br />
<br />
The traditional view is that this form of verse was involuntarily composed by [[Valmiki|Vālmīki]], the author of the ''[[Ramayana|Rāmāyaṇa]]'', in grief on seeing a hunter shoot down one of two birds in love.<ref name=monierwilliamssloka>{{cite book|author=Monier Monier-Williams|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1029|year=1923|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=1029–1030}}</ref> On seeing the sorrow (śoka) of the widowed bird, he was reminded of the sorrow Sītā felt on being separated from Shri Rama and began composing the Ramayana in shlokas. For this he is called the Ādikavi (first poet.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.advaita-vedanta.org//archives/advaita-l/2004-March/012774.html|title=[Advaita-l] Difference bet. slokas and Mantras|last=Vyas|first=Jaldhar H.|date= 2004-03-10|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
In addition to the Sanskrit ''śloka'', several Indian vernacular languages utilize this form in the ''maṅgaḷācaraṇam'', a set of benedictory verses that precede a work of poetry or technical writing. <br />
<br />
==Metrical pattern==<br />
Each 16-syllable [[hemistich]] (half-verse), <br />
of two 8-syllable ''[[Pada (foot)|pādas]]'', can take either a ''pathyā'' ("normal") form or one of several ''vipulā'' ("extended") forms. The form of the second [[Foot (prosody)|foot]] of the first ''[[Pada (foot)|pāda]]'' (II.) limits the possible patterns the first foot (I.) may assume.<br />
<br />
The scheme below, given by Macdonell, shows his understanding of the form of the ''śloka'' in the classical period of Sanskrit literature (4th–11th centuries CE):<br />
<br />
[[File:Shloka Hemistich.jpg|Shloka scheme]] <br />
<br />
In poems of the intermediate period, such as the [[Bhagavad Gita]], a fourth ''vipulā'' is found. This occurs 28 times in the Bhagavad Gita, that is, as often as the third ''vipulā''.<ref>Morton Smith, R. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24646839 Ślokas and Vipulas]. ''Indo-Iranian Journal'' Vol. 5, No. 1 (1961), pp. 19-35.</ref> When this ''vipulā'' is used, there is a word-break (caesura) after the fourth syllable:<ref name=Hahn /><br />
<br />
:| &nbsp;<u>u</u>&nbsp; <u>u</u>&nbsp; <u>u</u>&nbsp; –,&nbsp; | &nbsp;–&nbsp; u &nbsp;– &nbsp;<u>u</u>&nbsp; ||<br />
<br />
Two rules that always apply are:<ref name=Hahn>[[:de:Michael Hahn|Michael Hahn]]: [https://www.academia.edu/6353023/Michael_Hahn_A_brief_introduction_into_the_Indian_metrical_system_for_the_use_of_students_ "A brief introduction into the Indian metrical system for the use of students"].</ref><br />
:1. In both ''pādas'', in syllables 2–3, u u is not allowed.<br />
:2. In the second ''pāda'', in syllables 2–4, – u – is not allowed<br />
<br />
The ''pathyā'' and ''vipulā'' half-verses are arranged in the table above in order of frequency of occurrence. Out of 2579 half-verses taken from [[Kalidasa]], [[Bharavi]], [[Magha (poet)|Magha]], and [[Bilhana]], each of the four admissible forms of ''śloka'' in this order claims the following share: 2289, 116, 89, 85;<ref>Macdonell, Arthur A., ''A Sanskrit Grammar for Students'', Appendix II, p. 233 (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1927)</ref> that is, 89% of the half-verses have the regular ''pathyā'' form.<br />
<br />
The various ''vipulā''s, in the order above, are known to scholars writing in English as the first, second, third and fourth ''vipulā'',<ref>Keith (1920), p. 421.</ref> or the [[paeon (prosody)|paeanic]], [[choriamb]]ic, [[molossus (poetry)|molossic]], and [[trochee|trochaic]] ''vipulā'' respectively.<ref>Morton Smith (1961), p. 19.</ref> In Sanskrit writers, they are referred to as the ''na-'', ''bha-'', ''ma-'', and ''ra-vipulā''.<ref name=Hahn /> A fifth ''vipulā'', known as the minor Ionic, in which the first ''pāda'' ends | u u – x |, is sometimes found in the ''Mahābhārata'', although rarely.<ref>Hopkins, p. 222.</ref><br />
<br />
Macdonell's chart given above is in fact too restrictive with regard the first four syllables in a ''vipulā'' verse. For example, the first quarter verse of the ''Rāmayaṇa'' (critical edition) contains a ''na-vipulā'' and scans ⏑ – – – ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ – (''tapaḥsvādhyāyanirataṃ''). Other examples are easy to find among classical poets, e.g., ''Rāmacarita'' 1.76 ''manyur dehāvadhir ayaṃ'' – – – – ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ –. In the ma-vipulā, a caesura is not obligatory after the fifth syllable, e.g., ''Śiśupālavadha'' 2.1a ''yiyakṣamāṇenāhūtaḥ'' ⏑ – ⏑ – – – – –.<br />
<br />
Noteworthy is the avoidance of an iambic cadence in the first ''pāda''. By comparison, syllables 5–8 of any ''pāda'' in the old Vedic ''[[anuṣṭubh]]'' metre typically had the iambic ending u – u x (where "x" represents an ''[[anceps]]'' syllable).<br />
<br />
Statistical studies examining the frequency of the ''vipulā''s and the patterns in the earlier part of the ''pāda'' have been carried out to try to establish the preferences of various authors for different metrical patterns. It is believed that this may help to establish relative dates for the poems, and to identify interpolated passages.<ref>Morton Smith (1961).</ref><ref>Brockington (1998), pp. 117–130.</ref><br />
<br />
The Kannada ''śloka'' described by Nāgavarma I in his ''Chandombudhi'' allows any light (''laghu'') or heavy (''guru'') syllable in the first four and the eighth syllable, requires a light and heavy syllable in the fifth and sixth respectively, and alternates the seventh as long in odd-numbered ''pādas'' and short in even-numbered ones.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nāgavarma's Canarese Prosody|last=Nāgavarma I|publisher=Basel Mission Book & Tract Depository|year=1875|location=Mangalore, IN|publication-date=1875|pages=70-72|language=kn}}</ref> The eighth syllable is often heavy, but it is not mandatory. Nāgavarma does say, however, that the seventh syllable may be also long across all four ''pādas,'' citing the practice of earlier poets. <br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
A typical ''{{Transliteration|sa|śloka}}'' is the following, which opens the [[Bhagavad Gita]]:<br />
<br />
:{{Transliteration|sa|dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre}}<br />
:{{Transliteration|sa|samavetā yuyutsavaḥ}} <br />
:{{Transliteration|sa|māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva}}<br />
:{{Transliteration|sa|kim akurvata sañjaya}}<br />
<br />
:| – – – – | u – – – |<br />
:| u u – – | u – u – ||<br />
:| – u – – | u – – u |<br />
:| u u – u | u – u u ||<br />
<br />
:"([[Dhritarashtra|Dhṛtaraṣṭra]] said:) In the place of righteousness, at [[Kurukshetra|Kurukṣetra]],<br />
:gathered together and desiring battle,<br />
:my sons and the sons of Pandu,<br />
:what did they do, Sanjaya?"<br />
<br />
From the period of high classical Sanskrit literature comes this benediction, which opens [[Bāṇabhaṭṭa]]'s biographical poem ''[[Harshacharita|Harṣacaritam]]'' (7th century CE):<br />
<br />
:{{Transliteration|sa|namas-tuṅga-śiraś-cumbi- candra-cāmara-cārave /}}<br />
:{{Transliteration|sa|trailokya-nagarārambha- mūla-stambhāya śambhave //}}<br />
<br />
:| u – – u | u – – u | – u – u | u – u – ||<br />
:| – – u u | u – – u | – – – – | u – u – ||<br />
<br />
:"Praise be to Śambhu, beautified by the [[fly-whisk|chowrie]] moon touching his lofty head;<br />
:like a foundation pillar of a city that is the universe."<ref>Translation from Daniel H. Ingalls (translator) (1965): ''Sanskrit Poetry, from Vidyākara's Treasury''. (Harvard).</ref><br />
<br />
When a ''śloka'' is recited, performers sometimes leave a pause after each ''pāda'', at other times only after the second ''pāda''. (See External links.)<br />
<br />
==Difference between shloka and mantra==<br />
{{See also|mantra}}<br />
A Shloka has to be composed in a specific metre (chhanda), with a specific number of lines with a specific number of words per line, each word could be a mantra. For example, viṣṇu sahastranāma is in anuṣṭup chhanda (two lines of four words each).<br />
<br />
A mantra, on the other hand, is prefixed by omkara (primordial sound) and suffixed by the essential nama (name) and the salutary word '''nama''' (salutation) between the prefix and the suffix. No metre is prescribed. The lyrics in any Vārnic or matric metres are shlokas, but stanzas from Vedic hymns are not shloka, despite it being a common mistake to think this.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yelle|first=Robert A.|date=2004-03-01|title=Explaining Mantras|doi=10.4324/9780203483381|isbn=9780203483381}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Sanskrit prosody]]<br />
* [[Subhashita]]<br />
* [[Vedic metre]]<br />
* [[Anustubh]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
*{{cite book|last= Arnold|first= Edward Vernon|year= 1905|url= https://archive.org/stream/vedicmetreinitsh00arnouoft#page/viii/mode/2up| title= Vedic Metre in its historical development| publisher=Cambridge University Press (Reprint 2009)|isbn= 978-1113224446}}<br />
*Brockington, John (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C&pg=PR5 ''The Sanskrit Epics'']. Brill.<br />
* {{cite book | first=Charles Philip | last=Brown | author-link=Charles Philip Brown | title = Sanskrit prosody and numerical symbols explained | publisher = Trübner & Co. | place = London | year = 1869 | url = https://archive.org/details/sanskritprosody00browgoog}}<br />
*{{Cite book| first=H.T.| last=Colebrooke| contribution=On Sanskrit and Prakrit Poetry| title=Miscellaneous Essays| volume=2| location=London| publisher=Trübner and Co.| year=1873| pages=57–146}}<br />
*{{Cite book| first=Michael| last=Coulson| title=Teach Yourself Sanskrit| series=Teach Yourself Books| publisher=Hodder and Stoughton| year=1976}}<br />
*D'Avella, Victor B. (2019) [https://www.academia.edu/40126201/Notes_on_the_Sanskrit_%C5%9Aloka_ "Notes on the Sanskrit ''Śloka''"]. (Introduction to Alaṅkāraśāstra Sommersemester 2019.)<br />
*Keith, A. Berriedale (1928). [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.23671/page/n5 ''A History of Sanskrit Literature'']. (Oxford University Press).<br />
*{{Cite book| first=E.W.| last=Hopkins| chapter=Epic versification| title=The Great Epic of India| publisher=C. Scribner's Sons| location=New York| year=1901}} <br />
*{{cite book | year=1886 | title = A Sanskrit grammar for beginners | author1=Müller, Friedrich Max | author-link=Max Muller | author2=Arthur Anthony Macdonell | author2-link=Arthur Anthony Macdonell | edition=2 | publisher=Longmans, Green | page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382597/page/n196 178] | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382597}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722135736/http://www.buddhanet-de.net/ancient-buddhist-texts/Textual-Studies/Prosody-Articles/Macdonell-Sanskrit.pdf PDF]<br />
* Murthy, G. S. S. (2003). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41694750 "Characterizing Classical Anuṣṭup: A Study in Sanskrit Prosody"]. ''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute'', Vol. 84 (2003), pp.&nbsp;101–115. (On JSTOR)<br />
* Sharma, Arvind (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24663308 "Of ''Śūdras'', ''Sūtas'', and ''Ślokas'': Why is the ''Mahābhārata'' preeminently in the ''Anuṣṭubh'' Metre?"]. ''Indo-Iranian Journal'', Vol. 43, No. 3 (2000), pp.&nbsp;225–278.<br />
*{{cite book| author=Wilson, Horace Hayman| title=An introduction to the grammar of the Sanskrit language| url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontogr00wilsuoft| year=1841| publisher=Madden}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[[:de:Michael Hahn|Michael Hahn]]: [https://www.academia.edu/6353023/Michael_Hahn_A_brief_introduction_into_the_Indian_metrical_system_for_the_use_of_students_ "A brief introduction into the Indian metrical system for the use of students"] (pdf)<br />
* [http://learnsanskrit.org/prosody Introduction to Sanskrit prosody] LearnSanskrit.Org<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nraSfax0h_c Chanting of opening of Bhagavad Gita] (starts at 0:46).<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnsA9XWBXPI 3 ślokas read by Dr R. Ganesh] (including the one from ''Harṣacaritam'')<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]<br />
[[Category:Genres of poetry]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu texts]]<br />
[[Category:Poetic rhythm]]<br />
[[Category:Indian poetics]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gobindgarh_Fort&diff=472580Gobindgarh Fort2026-01-25T21:20:38Z<p>Stevenagok: updated page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Distinguish|Govindgarh Palace}}<br />
{{Short description|Military fortress in Punjab, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Military Structure<br />
| name = Gobindgarh Fort<br />
| image = Gobindgarh fort, Amritsar, Punjab, India.jpg<br />
| caption = Daytime view of the main Gobindgarh Fort<br />
| partof = [[Amritsar]]<br />
| location = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]<br />
| map_type = India Punjab<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = India<br />
| type = [[fort]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|31.6270583|N|74.8603111|E}}<br />
| code = <br />
| built = 1760<br />
| builder = Gujjar Singh and [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]<br />
| materials = Brick and lime plaster<br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = Restored<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| website = [http://www.fortgobindgarh.com Gobindgarh Fort]<br />
| controlledby = [[Government of Punjab (India)|Punjab Government]]<br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Gobindgarh Fort''' is a historic military fort located in the center of the city of [[Amritsar]] in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The Fort was until recently under the [[Indian Army]], but was opened to the public on 10 February 2017. Today the fort is being developed as a museum and [[theme park]], as a repository of Punjab’s history.<br />
<br />
Popularly known as the Bhangian da Killa (fort of the Bhangis) after its 18th- century founder belonging to [[Bhangi Misl]] of [[Dhillon]] [[Jat|Jats]] rulers. Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] renamed it in the early 19th-century after the 10th [[Sikh]] guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh]]. <br />
<br />
Gobindgarh Fort is located on the south west fringe of Amritsar, in a square pattern, with a perimeter of 1,000 m and made up entirely of bricks and lime. The fort had 25 cannons mounted on its [[Rampart (fortification)|ramparts]] and it remained with the Bhangi rulers till 1805. From the middle of the 19th century until Indian independence in 1947, it was occupied by the British army who made numerous defensive improvements to the fort to take account of technological advances in weaponry.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Gobindgarh Fort was originally built by [[Dhillon]] [[Jat]] Misldar (militia chief) [[Gujjar Singh Banghi]] of [[Bhangi Misl]], the local [[chieftain]] in the 18th century. [[Bhangi Misl]] was conquered and enhanced in the early 19th century by Maharaja Ranjit Singh who renamed it after the 10th Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The fort had five cannons which included the famous two [[Zamzama]] cannons. The structures built during this phase were the circular path in the center part of the innermost enclosure, [[Toshakhana]] (treasury), and [[Bastion]]s. In 1805, Maharaja Ranjit Singh strengthened the fort. One of the main reasons to erect the fort was to save [[Harminder Sahib]] and the city from the invaders using the [[Grand Trunk road]] throughout the 18th century who often attacked the city for the purpose of [[looting]]. During this phase, the moat and gates were built using the initial mud foundations to a contemporary military defense structure inspired from [[Military history of France|French military]] fortress plans. The fort was renovated with help of a French architect. It is reported that [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] kept his treasure at the Toshakhana which included the famous [[Koh-i-Noor]] and supplies for an army of 2000 soldiers in the fort. <br />
In 1849, the British captured the fort and made significant changes. Also, significant changes were made to the bastions and gates as the new artillery technology was adopted.<br />
<br />
== Fort ==<br />
It is made of bricks and lime and is laid out in a square. Each of its corners has a [[parapet]] and two doors. It had 25 cannons mounted on its ramparts and has four bastions. The main entrance, Nalwa Gate, is named after [[Hari Singh Nalwa]]. Keller Gate is the back entrance. A tunnel runs towards [[Lahore]]. There were 25 cannons, originally, in the fort. The three bastions connected through a rampart depict positive values in the structure of a common thread. These include the spiritual basis for martial traditions, a multi-cultural ethos, progressive, creative and pragmatic perspective, resistance to tyranny and protection to weak. The buttresses can be functioning as a viewing platform for the parade of the troops and for ceremonial purposes. The bungalow around it was built for the fort commander, with bricks recycled from the earlier Sikh Building. The fort earlier had eight watch towers. Imam-ul-din (younger brother of the Foreign Minister of Lahore Kingdom) of fakir family of Lahore was in-charge of this fort. He was succeeded by his Taj-Ud-din as the Qiladar. The fort housed a [[coin mint]]ing house. [[Artillery|Artilleries]] was also produced at the fort. Raja [[Dhian Singh]], a minister in the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, had his residence at the fort. The fort held the grand wedding of Prince [[Nau Nihal Singh]] (the grandson of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) in 1837. The fort also had a watch tower which was fifty meters tall and completed in 1874. It was later demolished by the [[Indian Army]] after independence.<br />
<br />
== Private company theme park ==<br />
{{ad|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{weasel words|date=May 2024}}<br />
Punjabi government gave the fort to ''Mayanagri One Private Limited,'' who opened a theme park in 2017. Only two museums were kept in public hand. Numerous attractions have been added to make Qila Gobindgarh a live museum, along with exhibitions of Sikh martial history and the treasury of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<br />
<br />
[[File:Sher-e-Punjab,Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Sher e Punjab, main entrance.]]<br />
'''Sher e Punjab''' - A [[4D film|7D]] show based on the life of Maharaja Ranjit Singh that transports back to the 19th century.<br />
<br />
[[File:Toshakhana, Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|The Toshakhana, a coin museum.]]<br />
'''Toshakhana''' - The Toshakhana, which once stored the coveted Kohinoor diamond, is now a coin museum for old and rare coins including a replica of the Kohinoor as it was worn by the Maharaja. The circular structure of the roof that was made by the use of the original nanakshahi brick is intact till date.<br />
<br />
'''The Bungalow''' - The grand building of the Anglo Sikh Bungalow has now been converted to an ancient warfare museum and has several replicas of instruments, attires of warfare, and figurines.<br />
<br />
[[File:Spirit of Punjab, Stage at Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|A stage with live performances.]]<br />
'''Spirit of Punjab''' - A stage with live performances of bhangra, ''gatka'', ''gidda'', comedy, games, and ''dholi''. <br />
<br />
'''Ambarsari Zaika''' - Various food shops and stalls that offer Amritsari and [[Punjabi cuisine]].<br />
<br />
'''Haat Bazaar''' - The Haat Bazaar offers [[phulkari]]s, [[jutti]]s, shawls, and antiques to be purchased. In partnership with Project Virasat, handmade brass and copper products made by the [[Thathera]]s of [[Jandiala Guru]] are also made available here.<br />
<br />
'''Whispering Walls''' - Kanda Boldiyan Ne or Whispering Walls is a show using state of the art [[projection mapping]] technologies and laser lights. This show is held every evening post sunset. There is a Punjabi as well as an English show each day.<br />
<br />
== Built interventions of the Sikh period ==<br />
* '''Unique fortification system'''<br />
There cannot be made a clear line of distinction between the construction of fort walls and gates of the Bhangi period and [[Ranjit Singh]]’s period, but the [[Ravelin]]s were defiantly a Maharaja Ranjit Singh period contribution. The fort had a two-tier system of fort walls and the Ravelins surrounded with a 5m deep moat. The double layer of forts walls at two levels provided for an efficient defense system. The fort walls were 10-12m thick having a mud infill as the core protected on both sides with [[Nanak shahi bricks]] in [[lime mortar]]. The thick mud walls acted as a [[thrust]] absorption wall in case of cannonball attacks. The flat terrain and the improved European artillery posed a greater threat and a challenge for the working of this fort. Maharaja Ranjit Singh had raised a Fuaz-i-khas with the help of the French Military officers by the year 1823. Along with the French warfare techniques, these officers brought along with them French contemporary fortification systems to support the same. The maharaja adopted these systems in Gobindgarh fort to strengthen the mud fort. The ravelin—as highlands sloping outwards, were constructed in front of the curtain fort walls. These provided the defender with a suitable position at a high point to place his cannon and get a wide range of the enemy at a lower level, while the enemy had his cannon at the disadvantageous position. Even if the enemy succeeded in climbing up the ravelins, they made easy target for the cannons at the rampart.<br />
* '''Circular plinth of the Bungalow'''<br />
This building is positioned as almost the geometrical center of the fort complex. The central positioning indicates a prime building usage. The circular [[plinth]] is the only remains of the Sikh building, which in itself speaks volumes about its rich architectural legacy. It might have been a plinth to a very high conical building (suggested in accordance to similar contemporary buildings). It is a retaining high plinth supported by an outer [[masonry]] wall and highly ornate masonry buttress. These circular buttresses have a broader capital with three cornice bands of masonry. This projecting cornice band continues all over the circular wall at the plinth level. It has a mud infill with Nanak shahi bricks in lime mortar. The details of the ornamentation are in masonry. The surface might have had a lime plaster as the surface treatment.<br />
* '''Toshakhana'''<br />
The building was originally built with Lime plaster. Toshakhana was built by Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]. The Toshakhana lies abutting the northern fort wall at the center. It is a square building divided into two chambers. The walls are supported by masonry ornate buttress (Burj). These buttresses are three faced tapering columnar supports with a domical capital. The two chambers have low vaulted roofs covered by a single vault above them—a double vault system. The 1.5m thick walls and vaults are constructed with Nanak shahi bricks in lime mortar. No evidence of original flooring can be seen Maharaja Ranjit Singh announced MislBeli Ram is in charge of Toshkhana in 1813 A.D. Adjacent to a building wall, rooms were built to accommodate soldiers. On the south side of the building, a lightning conduction system made of copper was found. <br />
* '''Bastions'''<br />
There are four bastions at four cardinal points of the forts — strategically located to guard the fort. They are situated on a high circular plinth which forms the part of the rampart wall. They are conical heavy masonry bastions with a [[crenellation]] band running at the top level. At this point of time, the bastions might have been open to the sky.<br />
* '''Military Engineering'''<br />
A long road from the Vijay Chowk entrance leads to the first historic gate, the Outer Gate. Crossing the two parts of the outer gate the road winds to the right and hits perpendicular to the Nalwa Gate (an elaborate double gate). The Nalwa Gate has a passageway to the lower lever of rampart as well. After crossing the Nalwa Gate, the road suddenly takes a sharp turn into the Inner gate. Through the inner gate, the road again winds and enters the court of the complex. The gates are thus positioned as checkpoints and sudden turns and winds in the road are purposely designed to incorporate surprise attacks on the approaching army. At every entrance, posts for the soldiers to defend and counterattack the enemy can be observed. Right outside the outer gate, the multiple lines of forces of attack come into play. The watch tower would have had troops positioned at an upper level in front of the gate and a cutout in the rampart across would have had a cannon positioned to fire at the approaching enemy. Thus multiple levels of lines of attack are designed. The bastion has a two-tier level of defense. The arched openings and the terrace together act as a double system of platforms for the attack.<br />
<br />
== Built interventions of the British period ==<br />
<br />
* '''Roofing of bastions'''<br />
After the British took charge of the fort in the mid 1850s, there was no threat of war against the controlling [[East India Company]], except for some local uprisings which were small-scale affairs and not requiring the use of the fort as a military active complex. By 1859 the bastions came to be used primarily as barracks for housing soldiers. Since cannons were no longer fired in the bastions (with the impact of cannon fire thrust no longer a factor), they were instead used for accommodation. A conservation, management and reuse plan for Gobindgarh Fort was drawn up by the British, who then constructed roofs over the bastions. A changing political scenario triggered a change in building use, resulting in alterations in the form. The internal arched walls were then built upon in thinner sections repeating the arches below to raise the walls up to the desired terrace level. A typical madras roof—a traditional flat roof of wood beams, purlins, and tiles with mud terracing, originated from south India and adopted by British—was constructed. Skylights, with pitched roofing and centrally pivoted openings for ventilation with semicircular bulging jaali detail, were constructed to optimize the lighting conditions in these large barrack spaces.<br />
<br />
* ''' Bungalow'''<br />
A circular Sikh building positioned almost at the center of the fort complex was either brought down during the capture of the fort or later — no evidence for the same can be found. However, it is noteworthy that it seems that the British pulled down the building above the plinth level and built the superstructure reusing the same materials. The central position of the building indicates its significance in the Sikh era, thus this act of building on top of the Sikh plinth was a political power statement. In 1864 a rectangular superstructure housing four officers quarters were built (a legend runs that this was Bungalow, but this cannot be verified). A grand colonial staircase was built with ornamental masonry buttress. It is a semi-spiral staircase on the eastern façade, while a service staircase is also present to the west side, but its year of construction cannot be determined. The design of the quarters was such that, all four quarters had individual entry and a verandah at the rear. Each quarter had 2-3 small habitable rooms. A cook house and 8 servant’s quarters are also recorded to have been in existence, although their evidence on site in the present context cannot be verified. According to records, it was built with the reuse of Nanak shahi bricks in mud mortar, the flooring was constructed of cement concrete, whereas the roofing was designed as a mud roof with flat tiles.<br />
<br />
* '''Darbar Hall'''<br />
[[File:Darbar Hall, Gobindgarh Fort.jpg|thumb|Darbar Hall- Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar]]<br />
The Durbar Hall lies to the east end almost on the center of the North-South axis. It is approached by the main road that leads from the inner gate. It lies to the south of this road and to the east of Bungalow. The plinth protection and the wooden louvers indicate that the entrance would have been from the west façade. As per records, it was built in 1850 as a six-bed hospital. It is a building of typical colonial design, rectangular double-storied with a colonnade verandah running all around on both the floors. The ground floor is divided into three bays of rooms further subdivided into two to three rooms. It has a high ceiling. A grand masonry staircase, with a wooden railing, leads to the upper floor. Although the ground floor could have been a hospital, the upper floor—with a huge hall and oval, glazed ornamental ventilators—does not conform to this type of use. The floor’s use and its period of construction are undetermined. With four fireplaces, it is a huge public hall that reflects a celebratory mood. The walls are of Nanak shahi bricks with mud mortar, although it is important to note that special bricks (especially cast bricks with beveled edges) were used in columns and plinth etc. the floors were of cement concrete. The verandahs had interesting wooden louvers and rails with bracings to guard against the tropical heat. Remnants of a pulley system indicate that curtains were installed for the same purpose. The roofing and intermediate floor were a system of wooden beams (specially carved edges) resting on wooden brackets, wooden purlins and brick tiles with mud infill terracing. The building’s columns may have had exposed gauge work, while the walls may have had lime plaster.<br />
<br />
* '''Barracks and Officers' Mess'''<br />
This building lies to the south of the bungalow in very close proximity. The scale of the original Sikh building might have been small and non-obtrusive to the Bungalow Sikh plinth, but the colonial additions disrupted the scale and size of the building such that it seems to hinder the appreciation of the circular Sikh plinth of the Bungalow. This building was built on the remnants of an old Sikh building, the thick north and south walls and the typical multi-foliated, arched ornamental openings verify the same. The central core rooms must have been of Sikh origin, which during the British period in 1850 was remodeled as a colonial building. This rectangular building, running in an east-west direction, was subdivided into smaller rooms. A colonnaded verandah was constructed to its west—again, a typical colonial feature to guard against the tropical heat. The building was used as a [[mess]] hall and barracks for officers (OR’s). The thick, Sikh period North-South walls are constructed of Nanak shahi bricks in lime mortar, whereas the British period walls are of nana shahi bricks in mud mortar. The original flooring is unknown, however in British times it was converted to cement concrete. The original masonry vault roofing, typical to Sikh period buildings, was replaced by an interesting wooden truss system with tiles and mud infill as the roof covering.<br />
<br />
* '''Chloronome house'''<br />
This building lies to the west of Durbar Hall and opposite to the mess hall. This is a colonial era building, built in 1853 (as per MES records-date of purchase/date of erection), which was used for the treatment and purification of water by chlorination. It is built next to a Sikh period well, which was used as a chlorinating tank. It has two rooms, one of which has a circular pit to house chlorination apparatus (a myth, however, holds it to be a Phasi ghar— hanging place). The structure also has a water tank mounted on the terrace, as part of the water treatment equipment. The building is constructed with modular bricks in mud mortar having cement concrete flooring and terraced on jack arches.<br />
<br />
==Zamzama==<br />
[[File:Zamzama - Front View- Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Replica of Zam-Zammah - Front View- Placed at Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar]]<br />
<br />
Bhangia-di-top or the gun belonging to the BhangiMisl, known as [[Zamzama]], is a massive, heavyweight gun, an 80-pounder, 14 feet, 4{{frac|1|2}} inches in length, with a bore aperture of 9{{frac|1|2}} inches. This gun, one of the largest ever made in the sub-continent, was cast at Lahore along with another gun of the same size in 1757 by Shah Nazir (a metalsmith of the former Mughal viceroy ), under the directions of Shah Wali Khan, who was prime minister in the reign of the Afghan King Ahmed Shah Durrani. According to some writers, some metal was obtained through [[jizya]], metal vessels having been taken from Hindu households in Lahore.<br />
[[File:Zamzama - Side View - Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Replica of Zam-Zammah - Side View - at Gobindgarh Fort, Amritsar]]<br />
The cannon bears two Persian inscriptions. The front one reads: "By the order of the Emperor [Ahmad Shah], DuriDurran, Shah Wali Khan wazir made the gun named Zamzama or the Taker of Strongholds." And the longer versified inscription reads: "A destroyer even of the strongholds of the heaven." In 1762, the Bhangi chief, Hari Singh, attacked Lahore and took possession of the cannon. It then came to be known as Bhangian di Top. In 1802, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupied Amritsar, the cannon fell into his hands. Ranjit Singh employed it in his campaigns of Daska, Kasur, Sujanpur, Wazirabad and Multan. It was transported to Multan in a specially built carriage during the siege of the citadel in 1810, but it failed to discharge.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTUD22_qyC0 Renovated Gobindgarh fort inaugurated], Living India News, YouTube video<br />
* [https://www.fortgobindgarh.com/ Historical place in Amritsar]<br />
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/gobindgarh-fort-phase-i-inaugurated/336207.html Gobindgarh Fort phase-I inaugurated] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215100152/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/gobindgarh-fort-phase-i-inaugurated/336207.html |date=15 February 2017 }}, Tribune of India, 13 December 2016<br />
* Divya Goyal: [http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/gobindgarh-fort-makes-way-for-mayanagri-4424248/ Gobindgarh Fort makes way for ‘Mayanagri’], The Indian Express, 13 December 2016<br />
* {{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/history-will-pour-out-of-every-brick-of-gobindgarh-fort-says-deepa-sahi/story-TTW0vORagnwy6JreGa0VBM.html | title=History will pour out of every brick of Gobindgarh Fort, says Deepa Sahi | date=12 December 2016 | newspaper=Hindustan Times | accessdate=20 March 2018 }}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Forts in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Amritsar]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh architecture]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maa_Neella_Tank&diff=514164Maa Neella Tank2026-01-21T21:32:35Z<p>Stevenagok: new initial data nd citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian comedy-drama television series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = MaaNeellaTank.jpg<br />
| story = Rajshree Bisht<br />Suresh Mysore<br />
| director = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
| writer = Kittu Vissapragada (dialogues)<br />
| screenplay = Rajshree Bisht<br />Suresh Mysore<br />
| producer = Praveen Kolla<br />
| genre = [[Comedy-drama]]<br />
| starring = [[Sushanth]]<br />[[Priya Anand]]<br />[[Sudharshan]]<br />Prem Sagar<br />Nirosha<br />Ramaraju<br />Divi Vadthya<br />
| cinematography = Aravind Viswanathan<br />
| editor = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]<br />
| composer = Naren RK Siddhartha<br />
| runtime = 22–40 minutes<br />
| company = Kolla Entertainment<br />
| network = [[ZEE5]]<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=yes}}<br />
| last_aired = <br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 8<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Maa Neella Tank''''' ({{translation|Our water tank}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy-drama]] [[Streaming television|streaming television series]] directed by Lakshmi Sowjanya and produced by Praveen Kolla.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-09 |title=Maa Neella Tank Trailer: దారుణం జరిగే ఊరేనా ఇది.. నేనొచ్చి పీకేదేముంది నా..! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/sports/maa-neella-tank-trailer-sushant-priya-anand-starrer-maa-neella-tank-web-series-trailer-released-69608 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> It stars [[Sushanth]], [[Priya Anand]], and [[Sudharshan]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=TV9 |date=2022-07-09 |title=Maa Neela Tank : బుట్టబొమ్మ చేతులమీదుగా అక్కినేని యంగ్ హీరో వెబ్ సిరీస్ ట్రైలర్.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/pooja-hegde-unveils-akkineni-sushant-ma-nilla-tank-trailer-au51-743637.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pooja Hegde unveils the trailer of 'Maa Neella Tank' For THIS OTT space! - Beauty Pageants - Indiatimes |url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/pooja-hegde-unveils-the-trailer-of-maa-neella-tank-for-this-ott-space/articleshow/92800919.cms |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Femina Miss India}}</ref> ''Maa Neella Tank'' premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 15 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maa Neella Tank : పూజా హెగ్డే చేతులు మీదుగా సుశాంత్ 'మా నీళ్ల ట్యాంక్' ట్రైలర్ విడుదల.. జూలై 15 నుంచి స్ట్రీమింగ్.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/maa-neella-tank-web-series-trailer-launch-by-pooja-hegde-zee5s-maa-neella-tank-the-sushanth-priya-anand-series-to-premiere-from-july-15-ta-1362542.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=News18 Telugu |date=8 July 2022 |language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Synopsis ==<br />
Sarpanch Kodandam's son Gopal, a Buchivolu villager, threatens to jump from a water tank in order to marry Surekha. Kodandam is concerned about his career and image, so he appoints SI Valmshi to search for Surekha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2022-07-09 |title=Pooja Hegde unveils trailer of ZEE5's 'Maa Neella Tank' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/pooja-hegde-unveils-trailer-of-zee5s-maa-neella-tank |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Sushanth]] as [[Sub-Inspector|S.I.]] Vamsi<br />
* [[Priya Anand]] as Surekha<br />
* [[Sudharshan]] as Gopal<br />
* Prem Sagar as [[Sarpanch]] Kodandam: father of Gopal<br />
* [[Nirosha]] as Chamundi: wife of Kodandam; mother of Gopal<br />
* [[Ramaraju (actor)|Ramaraju]] as Narasimham<br />
* Divi Vadthya as Ramya: sister of Surekha<br />
* [[Vasu Inturi]] as Murthy<br />
* Appaji Ambarisha Darbha as Ramana: father of Surekha<br />
* [[Annapurna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Boonemma<br />
* Bindu Chandramouli as Bhargavi: mother of Surekha<br />
* Sandeep Varanasi as Subbu<br />
* Lavanya Reddy as Revathy<br />
* Sara as Saritha<br />
* Subba Rao as Purohithudu<br />
* Pushyamitra as Shiva<br />
* Appu as Rangadu<br />
* Naresh as Seenu<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Episodes ==<br />
{{Episode table|background=#9F260E|overall=|title=Recce|director=Poluru Krishna|writer=Poluru Krishna|airdate={{Start date|2022|06|17|df=y}}|country=India|episodes={{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 1<br />
|Title = The Idea of Self-murder<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Surekha runs away from home. The Sarpanch's son Gopal, who loves her, climbs up the village water tank, Neella. He starts screaming and blaming his father Kodandam regarding Surekha. Kodandam is in a fix: therefore, Murty requests inspector Vamshi to find the missing Surekha. Vamshi learns where Surekha is and reaches her. Kodandam has the challenge to protect his reputation and save his son. His competitor Narasimham repeatedly tries to blackmark Kodandam.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 2<br />
|Title = A Favour and Fraud<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Sub inspector Vamshi meets Surekha, and lies to her to gain her trust and take her back. On returning to the village, a shocked Surekha learns that Vamsi had lied to her to bring her back. Vamshi, who is a bit hurt from fooling Surekha is shattered when Gurumurthy tells him that his transfer letter would be given only after Surekha's marriage.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 3<br />
|Title = Celebrating the Chaos<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Surekha realises she has no choice but get married. So she returns to her father's shop where she was working earlier. Vamsi still feels guilty about lying to Surekha but he has no choice either as he really needs the letter from the Sarpanch to take a transfer to Hyderabad. Surekha's family is not happy either about her decision to proceed with the marriage.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 4<br />
|Title = Alliance or Angiush?<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = The episode starts with Gopal's crazy acts, and his madness regarding Murthy. Surekha's parents visit Gopal's house and Chamundi approves of the marriage provided she is allowed to buy Surekha's father's store. Surekha is upset that the store is shut and Chamundi is now the new owner.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 5<br />
|Title = Planning the Twist<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Vamsi discovers shocking facts about Gopal and his love for Surekha. When he further finds out that the shop has been bought by Chamundi, he rushes to check on Surekha who is again planning to run away. At Kodandam's house, the pujari is called to fix the date of marriage. Gurumurthy confronts the pantulu who he had bribed to push the construction of the Neella tank. Surekha and Vamshi hatch a plan together.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 6<br />
|Title = The Selfie-ish Love<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = The true cunning face of Narasimham is revealed in this episode. Surekha and Vamshi had falsely believed that he would help Surekha get out of the marriage with Gopal. However, Narasimham ties up with Kodandam to ensure Surekha marries Gopal, all the while keeping the repair of the water tank in loop. Surekha finds herself in a helpless situation.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 7<br />
|Title = Love and its side effects<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = Narasimham begins the pooja of the water tank and tries to establish himself as the true leader. On the other hand, the engagement ceremony of Gopal and Surekha starts. Vamshi's feels even more guilty about deceiving Surekha. He tries to apologise to Surekha.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
|EpisodeNumber = 8<br />
|Title = Agreeing to Disagree<br />
|DirectedBy = Lakshmi Sowjanya<br />
|WrittenBy = Rajshree Bisht<br/>Suresh Mysore <br />
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|07|15|df=y}}<br />
|ShortSummary = In the final episode, everyone's true face will be revealed.<br />
| LineColor = 9F260E<br />
}}}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' opined that the series "could have been a lot more fun" further writing "''Maa Neella Tank'' is an eight-episode series that feels at least two or three episodes longer. When things take a turn in the last two episodes and the story heads to its logical conclusion, it is too little and too late to sustain interest."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2022-07-16 |title='Maa Neella Tank' series review |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/maa-neella-tank-series-review-a-countryside-story-that-could-have-been-a-lot-more-fun/article65646784.ece |access-date=2022-07-19 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave a rating of 2.5 out of 5 and stated that "While the series had all the ingredients of a potential satirical comedy, too many episodes, recurring themes, and lack of action in some episodes make it a missed opportunity – it needed a more precise and engaging script".<ref>{{Citation |title=Maa Neella Tank season 1 Review |date=2022-07-19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/maa-neella-tank/season-1/seasonreview/92903772.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |access-date=2022-07-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian web series]]<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=tt21267508}}<br />
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/maa-neella-tank/0-6-4z5172328 Maa Neella Tank]'' at [[ZEE5]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]<br />
[[Category:2022 web series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:2022 web series endings]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]<br />
[[Category:Indian crime drama television series]]<br />
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Middle_Ages&diff=461140High Middle Ages2026-01-11T02:01:40Z<p>Stevenagok: quick fixed structure per sources and corrected details after review</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date = April 2020}}<br />
{{short description|Period of European history between AD 1000 and 1350}}<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| direction = vertical<br />
| header = High Middle Ages<br />Europe and Mediterranean region<br />
| image1 = Europe mediterranean 1190.jpg<br />
| width1 = 340<br />
| caption1 = {{plainlist|<br />
'''Large map'''<br />Europe and the Mediterranean region, {{circa|lk=no|1190}}<br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
;British Isles<br />
* {{color box|#b6d462|border=silver}} [[Gaelic Ireland|Gaelic Kingdoms]]<br />
* {{color box|#aeaaab|border=silver}} [[Principality of Wales]]<br />
* {{color box|#e0afb2|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of England]]<br />
* {{color box|#eaccce|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Scotland]]<br />
* {{color box|#ddc98a|border=silver}} [[Earldom of Orkney]] (Norway)<br />
* {{color box|#ddc98a|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of the Isles|Kingdom of Mann and the Isles]] (Norway)<br />
;Northern Europe<br />
* {{color box|#ddc98a|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Kingdom of Norway]]<br />
* {{color box|#d6bac9|border=silver}} [[History of Sweden (800–1521)|Kingdom of Sweden]]<br />
* {{color box|#ecfe92|border=silver}} [[History of Denmark#Middle Ages|Kingdom of Denmark]]<br />
* {{color box|#e8d7ab|border=silver}} [[Terra Mariana]]<br />
* {{color box|#b6c486|border=silver}} [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]<br />
;Eastern Europe<br />
* {{color box|#b7d08c|border=silver}} [[Principality of Polotsk|Principalities of Polotsk]]<br />
* {{color box|#b7d08c|border=silver}} [[Novgorod Republic|Territory of Novgorod]]<br />
* {{color box|#c5b091|border=silver}} [[Volga Bulgaria|Kama-Bulgarians]]<br />
* {{color box|#b7d08c|border=silver}} [[Kievan Rus']]<br />
* {{color box|#b7d08c|border=silver}} [[Kirov, Kirov Oblast|Viatka]]<br />
* {{color box|#f2ced0|border=silver}} [[Cuman people|Cumans]]/[[Cumania]] or [[Polovtsians]]<br />
;Iberian Peninsula<br />
* {{color box|#e0e2a1|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Portugal]]<br />
* {{color box|#91b88c|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of León]]<br />
* {{color box|#91b88c|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Castile]]<br />
* {{color box|#b4cd68|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Navarre]]<br />
* {{color box|#abc9d1|border=silver}} [[Crown of Aragon]]<br />
;Central Europe<br />
* {{color box|#b3d6d8|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]<br />
* {{color box|#c0b9c1|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of France]]<br />
* {{color box|#b3d6d8|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Germany]]<br />
* {{color box|#debca3|border=silver}} [[Árpád dynasty|Kingdom of Hungary]]<br />
* {{color box|#b3d6d8|border=silver}} [[Holy Roman Empire]]<br />
* {{color box|#dbe3aa|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Kingdom of Poland]]<br />
* {{color box|#b4a784|border=silver}} [[Old Prussians|Prussia]]<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
;Italian Peninsula<br />
* {{color box|#b3d6d8|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]]<br />
* {{color box|#b3d6d8|border=silver}} [[Medieval Corsica|Corsica]]<br />
* {{color box|#b3d6d8|border=silver}} [[History of Sardinia|Sardinia]]<br />
* {{color box|#deb5b1|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Sicily]]<br />
* {{color box|#de979d|border=silver}} [[Republic of Venice]]<br />
;Southeast Europe<br />
* {{color box|#debca3|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]]<br />
* {{color box|#cedd98|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Kingdom of Serbia]]<br />
* {{color box|#bec373|border=silver}} [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]<br />
* {{color box|#669966|border=silver}} [[Byzantine Empire under the Angeloi|Byzantine Empire]]<br />
;Caucasia<br />
* {{color box|#ecefc0|border=silver}} [[Khazar Empire]]<br />
* {{color box|#ecefc0|border=silver}} [[Alania]]<br />
* {{color box|white|border=silver}} [[Circassia|Kassogs]]<br />
* {{color box|#dbc7a2|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Georgia]]<br />
* {{color box|#c0b9c1|border=silver}} [[Atabegs of Azerbaijan]]<br />
* {{color box|#dfec7a|border=silver}} [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]]<br />
;Near East<br />
* {{color box|#b7a98f|border=silver}} [[Seljuks of Rum]]<br />
* {{color box|#669966|border=silver}} [[Kingdom of Cyprus]]<br />
* {{color box|#e6c0b7|border=silver}} [[Ahlatshahs|Dominion of Shaharmen]]<br />
* {{color box|white|border=silver}} [[Marwanids (Diyar Bakr)|Marwanid dynasty]]<br />
* {{color box|#dac198|border=silver}} [[Ayyubid dynasty]]<br />
* {{color box|#b479a4|border=silver}} [[Principality of Antioch]]<br />
* {{color box|#67828b|border=silver}} [[County of Tripoli]]<br />
;North Africa<br />
* {{color box|#e8cecd|border=silver}} [[Almohad Caliphate]]<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
;The Crusades<br />
* {{color box|#c9c6b5|border=silver}} (Solid Line) [[Second Crusade]] of [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] and [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]]<br />
* {{color box|#a4a192|border=silver}} (Line and dot) [[Third Crusade]] of [[Richard I of England|Richard I]], [[Philip II of France|Philip II]], and [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Fredrick I]]<br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{plainlist|<br />
;Small map<br />
''Central Europe<br />[[Guelf]], [[Hohenstaufen]], and [[Ascanian]] domains in Germany about 1176''<br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* {{color box|#93bb5b|border=silver}}{{color box|#c3d6a8|border=silver}} [[Duchy of Saxony]]<br />
* {{color box|#c4a1a8|border=silver}}{{color box|#c4a1a8|border=silver}} [[Margravate of Brandenburg]]<br />
* {{color box|#ea8fa0|border=silver}}{{color box|#e8cac8|border=silver}} [[Duchy of Franconia]]<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* {{color box|#ea8fa0|border=silver}}{{color box|#e8cac8|border=silver}} [[Duchy of Swabia]]<br />
* {{color box|#93bb5b|border=silver}}{{color box|#c3d6a8|border=silver}} [[Duchy of Bavaria]]<br />
{{col-end}}}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''High Middle Ages''', or '''High Medieval Period''', was the [[periodization|period]] of [[European history]] between {{circa|1000}} and {{cx|1300}}; it was preceded by the [[Early Middle Ages]] and followed by the [[Late Middle Ages]], which ended {{cx|1500}} according to [[historiographical]] convention.<ref>John H. Mundy, ''Europe in the high Middle Ages, 1150-1309'' (1973) [https://archive.org/details/europeinhighmidd00mund online]</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2024-09-15 |title=Middle Ages |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Middle-Ages |access-date=2024-10-02 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> <br />
Key historical trends of the High Middle Ages include the [[medieval demography|rapidly increasing population]] of Europe, which brought about great social and political change from the preceding era, and the [[Renaissance of the 12th century]], including the first developments of the [[rural exodus]] and [[urbanization]]. By 1350, the robust population increase had greatly benefited the European economy, which had reached levels that would not be seen again in some areas until the 19th century. That trend faltered in the early 14th century, as the result of numerous events which together comprised the [[crisis of the late Middle Ages]]—most notable among them being the [[Black Death]], in addition to various regional wars and economic stagnation.<br />
<br />
From {{cx|780}}, Europe saw the last of the [[barbarian invasions]]<ref>''Reitervölker im Frühmittelalter.'' Bodo, Anke et.al. Stuttgart 2008</ref> and became more socially and politically organized.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-and-power-in-early-medieval-europe/B5BE45A9E22659EC0E737BCFF725F458|title=Politics and power early medieval europe alsace and frankish realm 600–1000 &#124; European history: general interest|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511497209|last1=Hummer|first1=Hans J.|isbn=9780511497209}}</ref> The [[Carolingian Renaissance]] stimulated scientific and philosophical activity in Northern Europe. The [[Medieval universities|first universities]] started operating in [[University of Bologna|Bologna]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], [[University of Paris|Paris]], [[University of Salamanca|Salamanca]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and [[University of Modena and Reggio Emilia|Modena]]. The [[Viking]]s settled in the British Isles, France and elsewhere, and Norse Christian kingdoms started developing in their Scandinavian homelands. The [[Magyars]] ceased their expansion in the 10th century, and by 1000, a Christian [[Kingdom of Hungary]] had become a recognized state in [[Central Europe]] that was forming alliances with regional powers. With the brief exception of the [[Mongol invasions]] in the 13th century, major nomadic incursions ceased. The powerful [[Byzantine Empire]] of the [[Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty|Macedonian]] and [[Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty|Komnenos]] dynasties gradually gave way to the resurrected [[Serbian Grand Principality|Serbia]] and [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]] and to a successor [[Latin Empire|crusader state]] (1204 to 1261), who continually fought each other until the end of the Latin Empire. The Byzantine Empire was reestablished in 1261 with the recapture of [[Constantinople]] from the Latins, though it was no longer a major power and would continue to falter through the 14th century, with remnants lasting until the mid 15th century.<br />
<br />
In the 11th century, populations north of the [[Alps]] began a more intensive settlement, targeting "new" lands, some areas of which had reverted to wilderness after the end of the [[Western Roman Empire]]. In what historian [[Charles Higounet]] called the "great clearances",<ref><br />
See for example: <br />
{{cite book<br />
| last1 = Aberth<br />
| first1 = John<br />
| chapter = The early medieval woodland<br />
| title = An Environmental History of the Middle Ages: The Crucible of Nature<br />
| year = 2013<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7a28UnCLPIIC<br />
| location = Abingdon<br />
| publisher = Routledge<br />
| publication-date = 2012<br />
| page = 87<br />
| isbn = 9780415779456<br />
| access-date = 2017-08-17<br />
| quote = The French historian of the early medieval forest, Charles Higounet, produced a map in the 1960s, which has been much reproduced since, that purports to show the distribution of the forest cover in Europe on the eve of the so-called 'great clearances' (''les grands défrichements'') between 1000 and 1300.<br />
}}<br />
</ref> Europeans cleared and cultivated some of the vast forests and marshes that lay across much of the continent. At the same time, settlers moved beyond the traditional boundaries of the [[Frankish Empire]] to new frontiers beyond the [[Elbe River]], which tripled the size of Germany in the process. The [[Catholic Church]], which reached the peak of its political power around then, called armies from across Europe to a series of [[Crusades]] against the [[Seljuk Turks]]. The crusaders occupied the [[Holy Land]] and founded the [[Crusader States]] in the [[Levant]]. Other wars led to the [[Northern Crusades]]. The Christian kingdoms [[Reconquista|took much of the Iberian Peninsula]] from [[Muslim]] control, and the [[Normans]] conquered southern Italy, all part of the major population increases and the resettlement patterns of the era.<br />
<br />
The High Middle Ages produced many different forms of intellectual, spiritual and [[Medieval art|artistic works]]. The age also saw the rise of [[ethnocentrism]],{{dubious|date=September 2021}} which evolved later into modern [[National identity|national identities]] in most of Europe, the ascent of the great Italian [[city-state]]s and the rise{{cn|date=September 2021}} and fall of the [[Islamic Golden Age|Islamic civilization]] of [[Al-Andalus]]. The rediscovery of the works of [[Aristotle]], at first indirectly through [[Medieval Jewish philosophy|medieval Jewish]] and [[Islamic philosophy]],{{sfn|Taylor|2005|p=181}}{{sfn|Adamson|2016|p=180}}{{sfn|Fakhry|2001|p=3}} led [[Maimonides]], [[Ibn Sina]], [[Ibn Rushd]], [[Thomas Aquinas]] and other thinkers of the period to expand [[Scholasticism]], a combination of Judeo-Islamic and Catholic ideologies with the ancient philosophy. For much of this period, Constantinople remained Europe's most populous city, and [[Byzantine art]] reached a [[Byzantine civilization in the twelfth century|peak in the 12th century]]. In architecture, many of the most notable [[Gothic architecture|Gothic cathedrals]] were built or completed around this period.<br />
<br />
==Historical events and politics==<br />
[[File:Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg|thumb|The [[Bayeux Tapestry]] depicting the [[Battle of Hastings]] during the [[Norman Conquest]] of 1066|265x265px]]<br />
<br />
===Great Britain and Ireland===<br />
{{Main|England in the High Middle Ages|Scotland in the High Middle Ages|History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages|Lordship of Ireland}}<br />
In England, the [[Norman Conquest]] of 1066 resulted in a kingdom ruled by a [[French language|Francophone]] nobility. The [[Normans]] invaded Ireland in 1169 and soon established themselves in most of the country, although their stronghold was the southeast. Likewise, [[Scotland]] and [[Wales]] were subdued into [[Vassal state|vassal states]] at about the same time, though Scotland later asserted its independence and Wales remained largely under the rule of independent native princes until the death of [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd|Llywelyn ap Gruffydd]] in 1282.<ref>Davies, Rees (2001-05-01). "Wales: A Culture Preserved". bbc.co.uk/history. p. 3. Retrieved 2008-05-06.</ref> The [[Exchequer]] was founded in the 12th century under [[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], and the first [[Parliament of England|parliaments]] were convened. In 1215, after the loss of [[Normandy]], [[John of England|King John]] signed the [[Magna Carta]] into law, limiting the power of [[List of monarchs of England|English monarchs]].<br />
<br />
=== Iberia ===<br />
{{See also|Spain in the Middle Ages|Reconquista}}<br />
[[File:AlfonsoVIII.jpg|thumb|Miniature representing the delivery of the fortress of Uclés to the Master of Order of Santiago in 1174|265x265px]]<br />
A key geo-strategic development in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] was the Christian conquest of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] in 1085.{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|2018|p=171}} Dominated by war, the societal structures and relations in the northern Christian kingdoms were subordinated to the demands of omnipresent military conflict.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=García Fitz|first=Francisco|title=Battle in the Medieval Iberian Peninsula: 11th to 13th century Castile-Leon. State of the art|journal=Imago Temporis|year=2016|doi=10.21001/itma.2016.10.01|hdl=10459.1/58852|pages=26–27|doi-access=free|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The territorial expansion of the northern Christian kingdoms to the south brought the creation of border societies, where military demands on knights and foot soldiers and the promotion of [[Settler|settlement]] were prioritized over potential [[Seigneurialism|seigneurial]] income;{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|2018|p=178}} [[Military order (religious society)|military orders]] also played an important role in the borderlands in the [[Meseta Central|southern meseta]].{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|2018|p=179}} Agricultural models in areas with [[Mediterranean climate]] were generally based on biennial [[crop rotation]].{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|2018|pp=185–186}} Despite population growth, agricultural output remained relatively rigid throughout the period; between the 10th and 13th centuries, migration southwards to exposed areas was incentivized by the possibility of enjoying privileges and acquiring properties.{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|2018|pp=187}} Conversely, the [[Intensive farming|intensive agriculture]]-prevalent model in Muslim-ruled lands did not require territorial expansion.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Occidente vs. islam. Modelos agrarios, sociedad/frontera y poder militar en la Reconquista peninsular|first=Julián|location=Jaén|publisher=[[University of Jaén|Universidad de Jaén]]|last=Clemente Ramos|journal=Arqueología y Territorio Medieval|url=https://revistaselectronicas.ujaen.es/index.php/ATM/article/view/3787/3592/14834|issn=1134-3184|issue=25|year=2018|volume=25|pages=169–194|doi=10.17561/aytm.v25.6|s2cid=165549625|doi-access=free|hdl=10662/26581|hdl-access=free}}</ref> While Muslim lands enjoyed a certain demographic and financial edge{{Clarify|date=July 2022|Reason=This sentence seems to be missing words; WHAT did Muslim lands enjoy from a certain demographic and financial edge?}}, [[Almoravid]]s and [[Almohad]]s from northern Africa featured volatile state structures;{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|2018|pp=174–175}} barring (unsuccessful) attempts to take Toledo, they did not stand out for carrying out an expansionist policy.{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|2018|p=183}}<br />
<br />
=== Italy ===<br />
{{Main|Italy in the Middle Ages}}<br />
<br />
In Italy, with the Norman conquest, the first great and powerful state was formed, the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] with hereditary monarchy. Subsequently joined to the Holy Roman Empire, it had its moment of maximum splendor with the emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]].<br />
<br />
In the rest of Italy, independent city states grew affluent on [[Eastern Mediterranean]] maritime trade. These were in particular the [[thalassocracy|thalassocracies]] of [[Pisa]], [[Amalfi]], [[Genoa]] and [[Venice]], which played a key role in European trade from then on, making these cities become major financial centers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trade in Medieval Europe|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1301/trade-in-medieval-europe/|access-date=2021-06-04|website=World History Encyclopedia|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Scandinavia===<br />
{{main|History_of_Denmark#Middle_Ages|History_of_Norway#Middle_Ages|Early Swedish history|l1 = Denmark in the Middle Ages|l2 = Norway in the Middle Ages|North Sea Empire}}<br />
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From the mid-10th to the mid-11th centuries, the Scandinavian kingdoms were unified and Christianized, resulting in an end of [[Viking]] raids, and greater involvement in European politics. King [[Canute the Great|Cnut]] of Denmark ruled over both England and Norway. After Cnut's death in 1035, England and Norway were both lost, and with the defeat of [[Valdemar II of Denmark|Valdemar II]] in 1227, Danish predominance in the region came to an end. Meanwhile, Norway extended its Atlantic possessions, ranging from [[Greenland]] to the [[Isle of Man]], while Sweden, under [[Birger Jarl]], built up a power-base in the [[Baltic Sea]]. However, the Norwegian influence started to decline already in the same period, marked by the [[Treaty of Perth]] of 1266. Also, [[Civil war era in Norway|civil wars raged in Norway]] between 1130 and 1240.<br />
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===France and Germany===<br />
{{main|France in the Middle Ages}}<br />
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By the time of the High Middle Ages, the [[Carolingian Empire]] had been divided and replaced by separate successor kingdoms called France and Germany, although not with their modern boundaries. France pushed to the west. The [[Angevin Empire]] controlled much of France in the 12th century and early 13th century until the French retook much of their previous territory. <br />
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===Germany===<br />
{{main|Germany in the Middle Ages}}<br />
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By the time of the High Middle Ages, the [[Carolingian Empire]] had been divided and replaced by separate successor kingdoms called France and Germany, although not with their modern boundaries. Germany was significantly more eastern. Germany was under the banner of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], which reached its high-water mark of unity and political power under [[Frederick Barbarossa|Kaiser Frederick Barbarossa]].<br />
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===Georgia===<br />
{{Main|Georgian Golden Age}}<br />
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During the successful reign of King [[David IV of Georgia]] (1089–1125), the [[Kingdom of Georgia]] grew in strength and expelled the [[Seljuk Empire]] from its lands. David's decisive victory in the [[Battle of Didgori]] (1121) against the Seljuk Turks, as a result of which Georgia recaptured its lost capital [[Tbilisi]], marked the beginning of the [[Georgian Golden Age]]. David's granddaughter [[Tamar of Georgia|Queen Tamar]] continued the upward rise, successfully neutralizing internal opposition and embarking on an energetic foreign policy aided by further decline of the hostile [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Turks]]. Relying on a powerful military elite, Tamar was able to build on the successes of her predecessors to consolidate an empire which dominated vast lands spanning from present-day southern [[Russian Federation|Russia]] on the [[Black Sea]] to the [[Caspian Sea]]. Georgia remained a leading regional power until its collapse under the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] attacks within two decades after Tamar's death.<br />
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===Hungary===<br />
{{main|Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages}}<br />
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[[File:Istvan-ChroniconPictum.jpg|thumb|King Saint [[Stephen I of Hungary]] (''[[Chronicon Pictum]]'')]]<br />
In the High Middle Ages, Hungary became one of the most powerful medieval states in Europe. The Christian [[Kingdom of Hungary]] was established in 1000 under King [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen I of Hungary]], and ruled by the [[Árpád dynasty]] for the following centuries. King [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|Saint Ladislaus]] completed the work of King [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]]. He consolidated the Hungarian state power and strengthened the influence of [[Christianity]]. His charismatic personality, strategic leadership and military talents resulted the termination of internal power struggles and foreign military threats. The Kingdom of Hungary expanded to the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] coast and entered a [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|personal union]] with [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]] in 1102, by establish other [[vassal state]]s, Hungary became a small empire that extended its control over the [[Southeast Europe]] and the [[Carpathian]] region. The Hungarian royal Árpád dynasty gave the world the most saints and blessed from a single family.<br />
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===Lithuania===<br />
{{main|Grand Duchy of Lithuania}}<br />
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During the High Middle Ages Lithuania emerged as a [[Duchy of Lithuania]] in the early 13th century, then briefly becoming the [[Kingdom of Lithuania]] from 1251 to 1263. After the assassination of its first Christian king [[Mindaugas]] Lithuania was known as [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. Unconquered during the [[Lithuanian Crusade]], Lithuania itself rapidly expanded to the East due to conquests and became one of the largest states in Europe.<br />
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===Poland===<br />
[[File:Polska 960 - 992.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Poland]] under the rule of Duke [[Mieszko I]] between {{Circa|960}} - 992]]<br />
{{main|History of Poland in the Middle Ages|History of Poland during the Piast dynasty}}<br />
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In the mid-10th century Poland emerged as a duchy after [[Mieszko I]], the ruler of the [[Western Polans|Polans]], conquered the surrounding [[Lechites|Lechitic tribes]] in the region. Then in 1025 under the rule of [[Bolesław I the Brave]], Poland became a kingdom.<br />
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===Southeast Europe===<br />
[[File:Khazarfall1.png|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Pontic steppe]]s, {{circa|lk=no|1015}}]]<br />
{{Main|Komnenian restoration|Second Bulgarian Empire|Serbian Grand Principality|Principality of Arbanon|Banate of Bosnia|Croatia in the union with Hungary}}<br />
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The High Middle Ages saw the height and decline of the Slavic state of [[Kievan Rus']] and emergence of [[Cumania]]. Later, the [[Mongol invasions|Mongol invasion]] in the 13th century had a great impact on the east of [[Europe]], as many countries of the region were invaded, pillaged, conquered or vassalized.<br />
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During the first half of this period ({{circa|lk=no|1025}}{{mdash}}1185), [[Byzantine Empire]] dominated the [[Southeast Europe]], and under the [[Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty|Komnenian]] emperors there was a revival of prosperity and urbanization; however, their domination of [[Southeast Europe]] was coming to an end with a successful [[Uprising of Asen and Peter|Vlach-Bulgarian rebellion in 1185]], and henceforth the region was divided between the Byzantines in Greece, some parts of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], and [[Thrace]], the Bulgarians in [[Moesia]] and most of Thrace and Macedonia, and the [[Serbian Grand Principality|Serbs]] to the northwest. Eastern and Western churches had formally split in the 11th century, and despite occasional periods of co-operation during the 12th century, in 1204 the [[Fourth Crusade]] treacherously captured [[Constantinople]]. This severely damaged the Byzantines, and their power was ultimately weakened by the [[Seljuq Empire|Seljuks]] and the rising [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 14–15th century. The power of the [[Latin Empire]], however, was short-lived after the Crusader army was routed by [[list of Bulgarian monarchs|Bulgarian Emperor]] [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]] in the [[Battle of Adrianople (1205)]].<br />
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===Climate and agriculture===<br />
{{Main|Medieval Warm Period}}<br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Highmiddleagesplow.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|A farmer using [[ox]]en to plow a field]] --><br />
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The [[Medieval Warm Period]], the period from the 10th century to about the 14th century in Europe, was a relatively warm and gentle interval ended by the generally colder [[Little Ice Age]] which would continue until the middle of the 19th century. Farmers grew [[wheat]] well north into Scandinavia, and [[wine]] grapes in northern England, although the maximum expansion of vineyards appeared to occur within the Little Ice Age period. During this time, a high demand for wine and steady volume of [[Alcoholic drink|alcohol consumption]] inspired a viticulture revolution of progress.<ref>Jellinek, E. M. 1976. "Drinkers and Alcoholics in Ancient Rome." Edited by Carole D. Yawney andRobert E. Popham. ''Journal of Studies on Alcohol'' 37 (11): 1718–1740.</ref> The relative protection from [[famine]] during this time allowed Europe's population to increase, despite the famine in 1315 that killed 1.5 million people. This increased population contributed to the founding of new towns and an increase in industrial and economic activity during the period. They also established trade and a comprehensive production of alcohol. Food production also increased during this time as new ways of farming were introduced, including the use of a heavier plow, horses instead of oxen, and a three-field system that allowed the cultivation of a greater variety of crops than the earlier two-field system—notably [[legume]]s, the growth of which prevented the depletion of important nitrogen from the soil.<br />
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===The rise of chivalry===<br />
{{Main|Chivalry}}<br />
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During the High Middle Ages, the idea of a Christian warrior started to change as Christianity grew more prominent in medieval Europe. The [[Chivalry|Codes of Chivalry]] promoted the ideal knight to be selfless, faithful, and fierce against those who threaten the weak.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saul|first=Nigel|title=Chivalry in Medieval England|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2011|isbn=9780674063693|pages=197}}</ref> Household heavy cavalry ([[knight]]s) became common in the 11th century across Europe, and [[Tournament (medieval)|tournaments]] were invented. Tournaments allowed knights to establish their family name while being able to gather vast wealth and renown through victories. In the 12th century, the [[Cluny]] monks promoted ethical warfare and inspired the formation of [[order of chivalry|orders of chivalry]], such as the [[Knights Templar|Templar Knights]]. Inherited titles of nobility were established during this period. In 13th-century Germany, knighthood became another [[inheritance|inheritable]] title, although one of the less prestigious, and the trend spread to other countries.<br />
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==Religion==<br />
===Christian Church===<br />
{{Main|Christianity in the Middle Ages}}<br />
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The [[East–West Schism]] of 1054 formally separated the Christian church into two parts: [[Roman Catholicism]] in Western Europe and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] in the east. It occurred when [[Pope Leo IX]] and [[Michael Cerularius|Patriarch Michael I]] [[excommunication|excommunicated]] each other, mainly over disagreement over the [[filioque]], an addition to the creed concerning the origin of the Holy Spirit, as well as disputes as to the existence of papal authority over the four Eastern [[patriarch]]s, use of unleavened bread in the liturgy, and fasting days.<br />
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===Crusades===<br />
{{Main|Crusades}}<br />
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[[File:Godefroi1099.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|After the successful siege of Jerusalem in 1099, [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], leader of the First Crusade, became the first ruler of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]].]]<br />
The Catholic Crusades occurred between the 11th and 13th centuries. They were conducted under papal authority, initially with the intent of reestablishing Christian rule in ''The Holy Land'' by taking the area from the Muslim [[Fatimid Caliphate]]. The Fatimids had captured Palestine in AD 970, lost it to the [[Seljuk Turks]] in 1073 and recaptured it in 1098, just before they lost it again in 1099 as a result of the [[First Crusade]].<br />
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====Military orders====<br />
{{Main|Military order (religious society)}}<br />
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In the context of the crusades, monastic military orders were founded that would become the template for the late medieval [[chivalric order]]s.<br />
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The [[Knights Templar]] were a Christian military order founded after the [[First Crusade]] to help protect [[Christian pilgrimage|Christian pilgrims]] from hostile locals and highway bandits. The order was deeply involved in banking, and in 1307 [[Philip IV of France|Philip the Fair]] (Philippine le Bel) had the entire order arrested in France and dismantled on charges of alleged heresy.<br />
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The [[Knights Hospitaller]] were originally a [[Christianity|Christian]] organization founded in [[Jerusalem]] in 1080 to provide care for poor, sick, or injured [[pilgrimage|pilgrims]] to the [[Holy Land]]. After Jerusalem was taken in the First Crusade, it became a [[religious order|religious]]/[[Military order (society)|military order]] that was charged with the care and defence of the [[Crusader states]]. After the Holy Lands were eventually taken by Muslim forces, it moved its operations to [[Rhodes]], and later [[Malta]].<br />
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The [[Teutonic Knights]] were a German religious order formed in 1190, in the city of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], to aid Christian pilgrims on their way to the Holy Lands and to operate hospitals for the sick and injured in [[Outremer]]. After Muslim forces captured the Holy Lands, the order moved to [[Transylvania]] in 1211 and later, after being expelled, invaded pagan [[Prussia]] with the intention of Christianizing the [[Baltic region]]. Yet, both before and after the Order's main pagan opponent, [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]], [[Christianization of Lithuania|converted]] to Christianity, the Order had already attacked other Christian nations such as [[Novgorod Republic|Novgorod]] and [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]]. The Teutonic Knights' power hold, which became considerable, was broken in 1410, at the [[Battle of Grunwald]], where the Order suffered a devastating defeat against a joint Polish-Lithuanian army. After Grunwald, the Order declined in power until 1809 when it was officially dissolved. There were ten crusades in total.<br />
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===Scholasticism===<br />
{{main|Scholasticism}}<br />
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The new [[Christianity|Christian]] method of learning was influenced by [[Anselm of Canterbury]] (1033–1109) from the rediscovery of the works of [[Aristotle]], at first indirectly through Medieval Jewish and Muslim Philosophy ([[Maimonides]], [[Avicenna]], and [[Averroes]]) and then through [[Aristotle]]'s own works brought back from [[Byzantine]] and Muslim libraries; and those whom he influenced, most notably [[Albertus Magnus]], [[Bonaventure]] and [[Peter Abelard|Abélard]]. Many scholastics believed in [[empiricism]] and supporting Roman Catholic doctrines through secular study, reason, and logic. They opposed [[Christian mysticism]], and the Platonist-Augustinian belief that the [[Dualism (philosophy of mind)|mind]] is an immaterial substance. The most famous of the [[Scholasticism|scholastics]] was [[Thomas Aquinas]] (later declared a "[[Doctor of the Church]]"), who led the move away from the [[Platonism|Platonic]] and [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustinian]] and towards Aristotelianism. Aquinas developed a [[philosophy of mind]] by writing that the [[mind]] was at birth a ''[[tabula rasa]]'' ("blank slate") that was given the ability to think and recognize forms or ideas through a divine spark. Other notable scholastics included [[Averroes|Muhammad Averroes]], [[Roscellinus|Roscelin]], Abélard, [[Peter Lombard]], and [[Francisco Suárez]]. One of the main questions during this time was the [[problem of universals]]. Prominent opponents of various aspects of the scholastic mainstream included [[Duns Scotus]], [[William of Ockham]], [[Peter Damian]], [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], and the [[Victorines]].<br />
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===Golden age of monasticism===<br />
* The late 11th century/early-mid 12th century was the height of the golden age of [[Christian monasticism]] (8th-12th centuries).<br />
** [[Benedictine Order]] – black-robed monks<br />
** [[Cistercian Order]] – white-robed monks<br />
*** [[Bernard of Clairvaux]]<br />
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===Mendicant orders===<br />
{{Main|Mendicant orders}}<br />
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* The 13th century saw the rise of the [[Mendicant order]]s such as the:<br />
** [[Franciscan]]s (Friars Minor, commonly known as the Grey Friars), founded 1209<br />
** [[Carmelite]]s (Hermits of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Carmel, commonly known as the White Friars), founded 1206–1214<br />
** [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] (Order of Preachers, commonly called the Black Friars), founded 1215<br />
** [[Augustinians]] (Hermits of St. Augustine, commonly called the Austin Friars), founded 1256<br />
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===Heretical movements===<br />
Christian [[Heresy|heresies]] existed in Europe before the 11th century but only in small numbers and of local character: in most cases, a rogue priest, or a village returning to pagan traditions. However, beginning in the 11th century, mass-movement heresies appeared. The roots of this can be partially sought in the rise of urban cities, free merchants, and a new money-based economy. The rural values of monasticism held little appeal to urban people who began to form sects more in tune with urban culture. The first large-scale heretical movements in Western Europe originated in the newly urbanized areas such as southern France and northern Italy and were probably influenced by the [[Bogomilism|Bogomils]] and other [[Dualistic cosmology|dualist movements]]. These heresies were on a scale the Catholic Church had never seen before and as such the response was one of elimination for some (such as the [[Cathars]]). Some Catholic monastic leaders, such as [[Francis of Assisi]], the founder of the [[Franciscans]], had to be recognized directly by the Pope so as not to be confused with actual heretical movements such as the [[Waldensians]].<br />
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====Cathars====<br />
[[File:Cathars expelled.JPG|thumb|Cathars being expelled from [[Carcassonne]] in 1209]]<br />
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{{main|Catharism}}<br />
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'''Catharism''' was a movement with [[Gnosticism|Gnostic]] elements that originated around the middle of the 10th century, branded by the contemporary [[Roman Catholic Church]] as [[heresy|heretical]]. It existed throughout much of [[Western Europe]], but its origination was in [[Languedoc]] and surrounding areas in southern France.<br />
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The name ''Cathar'' stems from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''katharos'', "pure". One of the first recorded uses is [[Eckebert|Eckbert von Schönau]] who wrote on heretics from Cologne in 1181: "Hos nostra Germania catharos appellat." ([In] our Germany [one] calls these [people] "Cathars".)<br />
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The Cathars are also called '''Albigensians'''. This name originates from the end of the 12th century, and was used by the chronicler [[Geoffroy du Breuil]] of Vigeois in 1181. The name refers to the southern town of [[Albi]] (the ancient Albiga). The designation is hardly exact, for the centre was at [[Toulouse]] and in the neighbouring districts.<br />
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The [[Catharism|Albigensians]] were strong in southern France, northern Italy, and the southwestern [[Holy Roman Empire]].<br />
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The [[Bogomilism|Bogomils]] were strong in the [[Southeastern Europe]], and became the [[Bosnian Church|official religion supported by the Bosnian kings]].<br />
* [[Dualistic cosmology|Dualists]] believed that historical events were the result of struggle between a good (spiritual) force and an evil (material) force and that the world was of the evil force, though it could be controlled or defeated through [[asceticism]] and good works.<br />
* [[Albigensian Crusade]], [[Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]], [[Montségur]], [[Château de Quéribus]]<br />
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====Waldensians====<br />
{{Main|Waldensians}}<br />
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[[Peter Waldo]] of [[Lyon]] was a wealthy merchant who gave up his riches around 1175 after a religious experience and became a preacher. He founded the Waldensians which became a Christian sect believing that all religious practices should have strictly scriptural bases. Waldo was denied the right to preach his sermons by the Third Lateran Council in 1179, which he did not obey and continued to speak freely until he was excommunicated in 1184. Waldo was critical of the Christian clergy saying they did not live according to the word. He rejected the practice of selling indulgences ([[simony]]), as well as the common saint cult practices of the day.<br />
<br />
Waldensians are considered a forerunner to the [[Protestant Reformation]], and they melted into [[Protestantism]] with the outbreak of the Reformation and became a part of the wider [[Reformed tradition]] after the views of [[John Calvin]] and his theological successors in [[Geneva]] proved very similar to their own theological thought. Waldensian churches still exist, located on several continents.<br />
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==Trade and commerce==<br />
[[File:Lübeck - panoramio.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Lübeck]], de facto capital of the [[Hanseatic League]]]]<br />
In Northern Europe, the [[Hanseatic League]], a federation of free cities to advance trade by sea, was founded in the 12th century, with the foundation of the city of [[Lübeck]], which would later dominate the League, in 1158–1159. Many northern cities of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] became Hanseatic cities, including [[Amsterdam]], [[Cologne]], [[Bremen]], [[Hanover]] and Berlin. Hanseatic cities outside the Holy Roman Empire were, for instance, [[Bruges]] and the Polish city of [[Gdańsk]] (Danzig), as well as Königsberg, capital of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. In [[Bergen]], Norway and [[Veliky Novgorod]], Russia the league had factories and middlemen. In this period the Germans started colonising Europe beyond the Empire, into [[Prussia]] and [[Silesia]].<br />
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In the late 13th century, a [[Venice|Venetian]] explorer named [[Marco Polo]] became one of the first Europeans to travel the [[Silk Road]] to China. Westerners became more aware of the Far East when Polo documented his travels in ''[[The Travels of Marco Polo|Il Milione]]''. He was followed by numerous Christian missionaries to the East, such as [[William of Rubruck]], [[Giovanni da Pian del Carpine]], [[André de Longjumeau]], [[Odoric of Pordenone]], [[Giovanni de' Marignolli]], [[John of Montecorvino|Giovanni di Monte Corvino]], and other travellers such as [[Niccolò de' Conti]].<br />
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==Science==<br />
{{main|Science in the Middle Ages|Medieval medicine of Western Europe}}<br />
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{{further|List of medieval European scientists}}<br />
[[File:Culture of Europe in 1250.png|thumb|270px|A map of medieval universities and major monasteries with library in 1250]]<br />
Philosophical and scientific teaching of the [[Early Middle Ages]] was based upon the few copies and commentaries of ancient Greek texts that remained in Western Europe after the collapse of the [[Western Roman Empire]]. Most of them were studied only in Latin as knowledge of Greek was very limited.<br />
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This scenario changed during the [[Renaissance of the 12th century]]. The intellectual revitalization of Europe started with the birth of [[Medieval university|medieval universities]]. The increased contact with the Islamic world in [[Al-Andalus|Spain]] and [[History of Islam in southern Italy|Sicily]] during the [[Reconquista]], and the Byzantine world and Muslim [[Levant]] during the [[Crusades]], allowed Europeans access to scientific Arabic and Greek texts, including the works of [[Aristotle]], [[Ibn al-Haytham|Alhazen]], and [[Averroes]]. The European universities aided materially in the [[Latin translations of the 12th century|translation and propagation of these texts]] and started a new infrastructure which was needed for [[science|scientific]] communities.<br />
[[File:Hugh specs.jpg|frame|right|Detail of a portrait of Hugh de Provence (wearing [[spectacles]]), painted by [[Tommaso da Modena]] in 1352]]<br />
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At the beginning of the 13th century there were reasonably accurate Latin translations of the main works of almost all the intellectually crucial ancient authors,<ref>Franklin, J., [http://web.maths.unsw.edu.au/~jim/renaissance.html "The Renaissance myth"], Quadrant 26 (11) (Nov, 1982), 51-60. (Retrieved on-line at 06-07-2007)</ref> allowing a sound transfer of scientific ideas via both the universities and the monasteries. By then, the natural science contained in these texts began to be extended by notable [[scholastics]] such as [[Robert Grosseteste]], [[Roger Bacon]], [[Albertus Magnus]] and [[Duns Scotus]]. Precursors of the modern [[scientific method]] can be seen already in Grosseteste's emphasis on mathematics as a way to understand nature, and in the empirical approach admired by Bacon, particularly in his ''[[Opus Majus]]''.<br />
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===Technology===<br />
{{main|Medieval technology|Artes mechanicae}}<br />
<br />
During the 12th and 13th century in Europe there was a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth. In less than a century there were more inventions developed and applied usefully than in the previous thousand years of human history all over the globe. The period saw major [[technology|technological]] advances, including the adoption or invention of [[windmill]]s, [[watermill]]s, [[printing]] (though not yet with movable type), [[gunpowder]], the [[astrolabe]], [[glasses]], [[scissors]] of the modern shape, a better [[clock]], and greatly improved ships. The latter two advances made possible the dawn of the [[Age of Discovery]]. These inventions were influenced by foreign culture and society.<br />
<br />
[[Alfred W. Crosby]] described some of this technological revolution in ''The Measure of Reality: Quantification in Western Europe, 1250-1600'' and other major historians of technology have also noted it.<br />
[[File:WorldShips1460.jpg|thumb|Ships of the world in 1460, according to the [[Fra Mauro map]].]]<br />
* The earliest written record of a [[windmill]] is from [[Yorkshire]], England, dated 1185.<br />
* [[Paper]] manufacture began in Italy around 1270.<br />
* The [[spinning wheel]] was brought to Europe (probably from India) in the 13th century.<br />
* The [[magnetic compass]] aided navigation, first reaching Europe some time in the late 12th century.<br />
* Eye [[glasses]] were invented in Italy in the late 1280s.<br />
* The [[astrolabe]] returned to Europe via Islamic Spain.<br />
* [[Fibonacci]] introduces [[Hindu-Arabic numerals]] to Europe with his book ''[[Liber Abaci]]'' in 1202.<br />
* The West's oldest known depiction of a stern-mounted [[rudder]] can be found on church carvings dating to around 1180.<br />
<br />
==Arts==<br />
<br />
===Visual arts===<br />
[[File:Konstantin i Irina.jpg|upright|thumb|Fresco from the [[Boyana Church]] depicting Emperor [[Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria|Constantine Tikh Asen]]. The murals are among the finest achievements of the [[Culture of Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] culture in the 13th century.]]<br />
{{main|Medieval art}}<br />
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Art in the High Middle Ages includes these important movements:<br />
* [[Anglo-Saxon art]] was influential on the British Isles until the Norman Invasion of 1066<br />
* [[Romanesque art]] continued traditions from the Classical world (not to be confused with [[Romanesque architecture]])<br />
* [[Gothic art]] developed a distinct Germanic flavor (not to be confused with [[Gothic architecture]]).<br />
* [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] begins when [[Muhammad of Ghor]] made [[Delhi]] a Muslim capital<br />
* [[Byzantine art]] continued earlier Byzantine traditions, influencing much of Eastern Europe.<br />
* [[Illuminated manuscripts]] gained prominence both in the Catholic and Orthodox churches<br />
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===Architecture===<br />
[[File:Paris Notre-Dame cathedral interior nave east 01b.jpg|thumb|upright|Interior of [[Nôtre Dame de Paris]]]]<br />
{{main|Gothic architecture}}<br />
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[[File:Paris Notre-Dame South View 03.JPG|thumb|The cathedral of ''[[Notre Dame de Paris]]'', whose construction began in 1163, is one of the finer examples of the High Middle Ages architecture]]<br />
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Gothic architecture superseded the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style by combining [[flying buttress]]es, gothic (or pointed) [[arch]]es and [[ribbed vault]]s. It was influenced by the spiritual background of the time, being religious in essence: thin horizontal lines and grates made the building strive towards the sky. Architecture was made to appear light and weightless, as opposed to the dark and bulky forms of the previous [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque style]]. It was commonly thought that light was an expression of God; therefore, architectural techniques were adapted and developed to build churches that reflected this teaching. Colorful [[glass window]]s enhanced the spirit of lightness. As color was much rarer at medieval times than today, it can be assumed that these virtuoso works of art had an awe-inspiring impact on the common man from the street. High-rising intricate ribbed, and later [[fan vault]]ings demonstrated movement toward heaven. Veneration of God was also expressed by the relatively large size of these buildings. A gothic cathedral therefore not only invited the visitors to elevate themselves spiritually, it was also meant to demonstrate the greatness of God. The [[floor plan]] of a gothic cathedral corresponded to the rules of scholasticism: According to [[Erwin Panofsky]]'s ''Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism'', the plan was divided into sections and uniform subsections. These characteristics are exhibited by the most famous sacral building of the time: [[Notre Dame de Paris]].<br />
<br />
===Literature===<br />
{{main|Medieval literature}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Apostle John and Marcion of Sinope, from JPM LIbrary MS 748, 11th c.jpg|thumb|upright|[[John the Apostle]] and, only according to Robert Eisler's interpretation, [[Marcion of Sinope]] in an Italian [[illuminated manuscript]], painting on [[vellum]], 11th century]]<br />
A variety of cultures influenced the literature of the High Middle Ages, one of the strongest among them being Christianity. The connection to Christianity was greatest in [[Latin literature]], which influenced the [[vernacular]] languages in the [[Literature cycle|literary cycle]] of the [[Matter of Rome]]. Other [[literary]] cycles, or interrelated groups of stories, included the [[Matter of France]] (stories about [[Charlemagne]] and his court), the [[Acritic songs]] dealing with the chivalry of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium's]] frontiersmen, and perhaps the best known cycle, the [[Matter of Britain]], which featured tales about [[King Arthur]], his court, and related stories from [[Brittany]], [[Cornwall]], [[Wales]] and Ireland. An anonymous German poet tried to bring the Germanic myths from the [[Migration Period]] to the level of the French and British epics, producing the [[Nibelungenlied]]. There was also a quantity of poetry and historical writings which were written during this period, such as ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' by [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]].<br />
<br />
Despite political decline during the late 12th and much of the 13th centuries, the Byzantine scholarly tradition remained particularly fruitful over the time period. One of the most prominent philosophers of the 11th century, [[Michael Psellos]], reinvigorated [[Neoplatonism]] on Christian foundations and bolstered the study of [[Ancient Greek philosophy|ancient philosophical texts]], along with contributing to history, grammar, and rhetorics. His pupil and successor at the head of Philosophy at the [[University of Constantinople]] [[John Italus|Ioannes Italos]] continued the Platonic line in Byzantine thought and was criticized by the Church for holding opinions it considered heretical, such as the doctrine of [[Reincarnation|transmigration]]. Two Orthodox theologians important in the dialogue between the eastern and western churches were [[Nikephoros Blemmydes]] and [[Maximus Planudes]]. Byzantine historical tradition also flourished with the works of the brothers [[Niketas Choniates|Niketas]] and [[Michael Choniates]] in the beginning of the 13th century and [[George Akropolites]] a generation later. Dating from 12th century Byzantine Empire is also [[Timarion]], an Orthodox Christian anticipation of [[Divine Comedy]]. Around the same time the so-called [[Byzantine novel]] rose in popularity with its synthesis of ancient pagan and contemporaneous Christian themes.<br />
<br />
At the same time southern France gave birth to [[Occitan literature]], which is best known for [[troubadour]]s who sang of [[courtly love]]. It included elements from Latin literature and Arab-influenced Spain and North Africa. Later its influence spread to several cultures in Western Europe, notably in Portugal and the Minnesänger in Germany. Provençal literature also reached Sicily and Northern Italy laying the foundation of the [[Dolce Stil Nuovo|"sweet new style"]] of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] and later [[Petrarch|Petrarca]]. Indeed, the most important poem of the [[Late Middle Ages]], the allegorical ''[[Divine Comedy]],'' is to a large degree a product of both the [[Summa Theologica|theology of Thomas Aquinas]] and the largely secular Occitan literature.<br />
<br />
===Music===<br />
{{main|Medieval music}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Vihuela de arco y vihuela de péñola en las Cantigas.jpg|thumb|upright|Musicians playing the Spanish ''[[vihuela]]'', one with a bow, the other plucked by hand, in the ''[[Cantigas de Santa Maria]]'' of [[Alfonso X of Castile]], 13th century]]<br />
[[File:Organistrum Orense 200708.jpg|thumb|upright|Men playing the [[organistrum]], from the [[Ourense Cathedral]], Spain, 12th century]]<br />
The surviving music of the High Middle Ages is primarily religious in nature, since [[music notation]] developed in religious institutions, and the application of notation to secular music was a later development. Early in the period, [[Gregorian chant]] was the dominant form of church music; other forms, beginning with [[organum]], and later including [[Clausula (music)|clausula]]e, [[conductus]], and the [[motet]], developed using the chant as source material.<br />
<br />
During the 11th century, [[Guido of Arezzo]] was one of the first to develop musical notation, which made it easier for singers to remember Gregorian chants.<br />
<br />
It was during the 12th and 13th centuries that Gregorian plainchant gave birth to polyphony, which appeared in the works of French [[Notre Dame School]] ([[Léonin]] and [[Pérotin]]). Later it evolved into the ''[[ars nova]]'' ([[Philippe de Vitry]], [[Guillaume de Machaut]]) and the musical genres of late Middle Ages. An important composer during the 12th century was the [[nun]] [[Hildegard of Bingen]].<br />
<br />
The most significant secular movement was that of the [[troubadour]]s, who arose in [[Occitania]] (Southern France) in the late 11th century. The troubadours were often [[itinerant entertainer|itinerant]], came from all classes of society, and wrote songs on a variety of topics, though with a particular focus on [[courtly love]]. Their style went on to influence the [[trouvère]]s of northern France, the [[minnesinger]]s of Germany, and the composers of secular [[music of the Trecento]] in northern Italy.<br />
<br />
===Theatre===<br />
{{Main|Medieval theatre}}<br />
<br />
Economic and political changes in the High Middle Ages led to the formation of [[guilds]] and the growth of towns, and this would lead to significant changes for theatre starting in this time and continuing into the [[Late Middle Ages]]. Trade guilds began to perform plays, usually religiously based, and often dealing with a biblical story that referenced their profession. For instance, a baker's guild would perform a reenactment of the [[Last Supper]].<ref>''A History of English literature for Students'', by Robert Huntington Fletcher, 1916: pp. 85–88</ref> In the [[British Isles]], plays were produced in some 127 different towns during the Middle Ages. These vernacular [[Mystery plays]] were written in cycles of a large number of plays: [[York Mystery Plays|York]] (48 plays), [[Chester Mystery Plays|Chester]] (24), [[Wakefield Mystery Plays|Wakefield]] (32) and [[N-Town Plays|Unknown]] (42). A larger number of plays survive from France and Germany in this period and some type of religious dramas were performed in nearly every European country in the Late Middle Ages. Many of these plays contained [[comedy]], [[devil]]s, [[villain]]s and [[clown]]s.<ref>Brockett and Hildy (2003, 86)</ref><br />
<br />
There were also a number of secular performances staged in the Middle Ages, the earliest of which is ''The Play of the Greenwood'' by [[Adam de la Halle]] in 1276. It contains satirical scenes and [[Folk culture|folk]] material such as [[faeries]] and other supernatural occurrences. [[Farce]]s also rose dramatically in popularity after the 13th century. The majority of these plays come from France and Germany and are similar in tone and form, emphasizing sex and bodily excretions.<ref>Brockett and Hildy (2003, 96)</ref><br />
<br />
==Timeline==<br />
{{further|Timeline of the Middle Ages}}<br />
{{div col|small=yes}}<br />
* 1054 – [[East–West Schism]]<br />
* 1066 – [[Battle of Hastings]]<br />
* 1073–1085 – [[Pope Gregory VII]]<br />
* 1071 – [[Battle of Manzikert]]<br />
* 1077 – [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]'s [[Walk to Canossa]]<br />
* 1086 – [[Domesday Book]]<br />
* 1086 – [[Battle of az-Zallaqah]]<br />
* 1088 – [[University of Bologna]] founded<br />
* 1091 – [[Battle of Levounion]]<br />
* 1096 – [[University of Oxford]] founded<br />
* 1096–1099 – [[First Crusade]]<br />
* 1123 – [[First Lateran Council]]<br />
* 1139 – [[Second Lateran Council]]<br />
* 1145–1149 – [[Second Crusade]]<br />
* 1147 – [[Wendish Crusade]]<br />
* {{circa|lk=no|1150}} – [[University of Paris]] founded<br />
* 1155–1190 – [[Frederick I Barbarossa]]<br />
* 1159 – foundation of the [[Hanseatic League]]<br />
* 1169 – [[Norman invasion of Ireland]]<br />
* 1185 – reestablishment of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]<br />
* 1189–1192 – [[Third Crusade]]<br />
* 1200–1204 – [[Fourth Crusade]]<br />
* 1205 – [[Battle of Adrianople (1205)|Battle of Adrianople]]<br />
* 1209 – [[University of Cambridge]] founded<br />
* 1209 – foundation of the [[Franciscan Order]]<br />
* 1209–1229 – [[Albigensian Crusade]]<br />
* 1212 – [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa]]<br />
* 1214 - [[Battle of Bouvines]] - Medieval France is a rising power<br />
* 1215 – [[Magna Carta]]<br />
* 1216 – recognition of the [[Dominican Order]]<br />
* 1215 – [[Fourth Lateran Council]]<br />
* 1217–1221 – [[Fifth Crusade]]<br />
* 1218 – [[University of Salamanca]] founded<br />
* 1220–1250 – [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]<br />
* 1222 – [[University of Padua]] founded<br />
* 1223 – approval of the [[Franciscan]] Rule of Life<br />
* 1228–1229 – [[Sixth Crusade]]<br />
* 1230 – [[Prussian Crusade]]<br />
* 1230 – [[Battle of Klokotnitsa]]<br />
* 1237–1242 – [[Mongol invasion of Europe]]<br />
* 1241 – [[Battle of Legnica]] and [[Battle of Mohi]]<br />
* 1242 – [[Battle of the Ice]]<br />
* 1248–1254 – [[Seventh Crusade]]<br />
* 1257 – foundation of the [[Collège de Sorbonne]]<br />
* 1261 – the [[Byzantine Empire]] reconquers [[Constantinople]].<br />
* 1274 – death of [[Thomas Aquinas]]; ''[[Summa Theologica]]'' published<br />
* 1277-1280 – [[Uprising of Ivaylo]] – Medieval Europe's only successful peasant uprising<br />
* 1280 – death of [[Albertus Magnus]]<br />
* 1291 – [[Akko|Acre]], the last European outpost in the [[Near East]], is captured by the [[Mamluks]] under [[Al-Ashraf Khalil|Khalil]].<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Early Middle Ages]]<br />
* [[Late Middle Ages]]<br />
* [[Middle Ages]]<br />
* [[Gothic book illustration]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Works cited===<br />
* {{cite book |last=Adamson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Adamson (academic) |title=Philosophy in the Islamic World: A History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KEpRDAAAQBAJ |year=2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-957749-1}}<br />
* {{Citation |last=Fakhry |first=Majid |title=Averroes (Ibn Rushd) His Life, Works and Influence |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-85168-269-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88bWAAAAMAAJ}}<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Taylor |first=Richard C. |title=Averroes: religious dialectic and Aristotelian philosophical thought |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy |year=2005 |editor=Peter Adamson |editor2=Richard C. Taylor |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=180–200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xowm255qOzQC&pg=PA180 |isbn=978-0-521-52069-0}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* Fuhrmann, Horst. ''Germany in the High Middle Ages: c. 1050–1200'' (Cambridge UP, 1986).<br />
* Jordan, William C. ''Europe in the High Middle Ages'' (2nd ed. Penguin, 2004).<br />
* Mundy, John H. ''Europe in the High Middle Ages, 1150–1309'' (2014) – [https://archive.org/details/europeinhighmidd00mund online]<br />
* Power, Daniel, ed. ''The Central Middle Ages: Europe 950–1320'' (Oxford UP, 2006).<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|High Middle Ages}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051122123242/http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/WestCiv/MedievalMusic.Chron.html Music of the Middle Ages: 475–1500]<br />
* [http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0859627.html Middle Ages: The High Middle Ages] in the ''[[Columbia Encyclopedia]]'' at Infoplease<br />
* [http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0840334.html Provençal literature] in the ''Columbia Encyclopedia'' at Infoplease<br />
<br />
{{Middle Ages}}<br />
{{History of Europe}}<br />
{{Western culture}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Middle Ages|History|Christianity}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:High Middle Ages| ]]<br />
[[Category:Middle Ages|.02]]<br />
[[Category:11th century in Europe|.]]<br />
[[Category:12th century in Europe|.]]<br />
[[Category:13th century in Europe|.]]<br />
[[Category:11th-century establishments in Europe|.]]<br />
[[Category:13th-century disestablishments in Europe|.]]<br />
<br />
[[pt:Idade Média#Alta Idade Média]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prem_Kumar_(Tamil_actor)&diff=526658Prem Kumar (Tamil actor)2026-01-05T21:00:45Z<p>Stevenagok: New...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Prem Kumar<br />
| image =<br />
| birth_place <br />
= [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[actor]]<br />
| spouse = Hamsadhwani<br />
| children = 2<br />
| years_active = 1996–present.<br />
| relatives = [[Harish Raghavendra]] (brother in law)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Prem Kumar''' is an Indian actor who appears in [[Tamil films]]. He rose to fame starring in television serials, and was also the winner of season 1 of the reality dance show ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]]''. In the [[Nadigar Sangam]] elections held on 18 October 2015, he was elected as an executive committee member. He is the grandson of [[Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi]], the Raja of Ramnad.<br />
<br />
==Personal life and career==<br />
Prem's father is a [[Deputy Superintendent of Police|DSP]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6941342.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|title=Prem's passion for police|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 November 2010|access-date=26 September 2024}}</ref> He made his acting debut starring in a television serial produced by [[K. Balachander]] and directed by [[Samuthirakani]] called ''[[Anni (TV series)|Anni]]''. He was recommended by [[M. Karunanidhi|Dr. M. Karunanidhi]], who had seen him perform in the TV serial ''Annamalai'', to feature in the film version of Karunanidhi's novel ''Kannamma''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Prems-passion-for-police/articleshow/6941342.cms?referral=PM|title=Prem's passion for police|work=the times of india|accessdate=2015-07-12}}</ref> The film released in 2005 to average reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.bizhat.com/review_kannamma.php|title=kannamma movie review|work=bizhat.com|accessdate=2015-07-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
He participated in season one of ''Jodi Number One'' with Pooja, his co-star in ''Annamalai''. He went on to win [[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi No.1]] and announced a move away from television serials and into films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article2279300.ece|title=From telly screen to silver screen|work=thehindu.com|accessdate=2015-07-12}}</ref> He has since appeared in films including ''[[Nepali (film)|Nepali]]'' (2008), ''[[Unnaipol Oruvan (2009 film)|Unnaipol Oruvan]]'' (2009) and ''[[Vallakottai (film)|Vallakottai]]'' (2010). His brother-in-law is the singer [[Harish Raghavendra]]. His son Kaushik Sundaram is also an actor.<ref>{{Cite Instagram |postid=B_zh5nbDMbE|user=kaushik_sundaram|title=Throwback! A huge one, to simpler times. For all who are wondering which movie this is, it was Kunguma Pottu Kounder where I shared screen space with Sathyaraj Sir, Rambha ma’am, Koundamani sir and Kousalya ma’am! 😊|author=Kaushik Sundaram|date=5 May 2020|access-date=12 November 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
=== Tamil films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1996 || ''[[Nattupura Pattu]]'' || Velpandi ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2005 || ''[[Kannamma (film)|Kannamma]]'' || Anandan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kalaiyatha Ninaivugal'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 2007 || ''[[Veerappu]]'' || Puli's Brother-in-law ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Machakaaran]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pazhaniappa Kalloori]]'' || || Special appearance<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 2008 || ''[[Nepali (film)|Nepali]]'' || Gautham ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dhanam (2008 film)|Dhanam]]'' || Ananth ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kathi Kappal]]'' || Pari Vallal ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Seval]]'' || Parijatham's Brother-in-Law then husband||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2009 || ''[[Unnaipol Oruvan (2009 film)|Unnaipol Oruvan]]'' ||Zakria ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Munnar (film)|Munnar]]'' || Shankar ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2010 || ''[[Vaadaa]]'' || Prem ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vallakottai (film)|Vallakottai]]'' || Bala ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2011 || ''[[Gurusamy]]'' || Vembu || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Naan Sivanagiren]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || ''[[Saattai]]'' || Private School Coach ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Biriyani (film)|Biriyani]]'' || Vikram ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || ''[[Pulivaal]]'' || Gautham ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2015 || ''[[Killadi]]'' || Dharani's brother || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[36 Vayadhinile]]'' || Jayachandran ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 2016 || ''[[Aagam (film)|Aagam]]'' || Mrithula ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Tamilselvanum Thaniyar Anjalum]]'' || Shiva || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Thodari]]'' || Arvind || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 2017 || ''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]'' || Ananda Rao || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vikram Vedha]]'' || Simon || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kodiveeran]]'' || Kathir ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Ezhumin]]'' || G. Rajasekar || <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' || Sundar Ramasamy' brother ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 2019 || ''[[Kaappaan]]'' || Prem || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sivappu Manjal Pachai]]'' || Rajasekar's brother ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Petromax (2019 film)|Petromax]]'' || Saravanan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hero (2019 Tamil film)|Hero]]'' || Police officer ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || ''[[Master (2021 film)|Master]]'' || Prem ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Payanigal Gavanikkavum]]'' || Inspector K. Raja Narayanan || <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kaari (film)|Kaari]]'' || Sethu's friend ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2023 || ''[[Thunivu]]'' || Prem ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2024 || ''[[Singappenney (film)|Singappenney]]'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vasco Da Gama (film)|Vasco Da Gama]]'' || Mahadevan || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kanguva]]'' || Karaikoothan || <br />
|-<br />
| ''Sshhh'' || || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"| 2025 || ''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]'' || Murugan ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Akkenam]]'' || Inspector Azad || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Trending (film)|Trending]]'' || Arul ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Other language films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role !! Language !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || ''[[Eenadu (2009 film)|Eenadu]]'' || Francis || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2010 || ''[[Appu and Pappu]]'' || Prasad || rowspan="3" | [[Kannada]] || Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Huli (film)|Huli]]'' || <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Jatta (film)|Jatta]]'' || Bheem Kumar || <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film <br />
! Role<br />
! Network<br />
! Notes<br />
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}} <br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''Alarm'' || Prem || [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]] || ||<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title='Alarm' teaser: A cop races against time to save the day in ZEE5 Tamil series|url=https://scroll.in/reel/902476/alarm-teaser-a-cop-races-against-time-to-save-the-day-in-zee5-tamil-series|access-date=2021-05-27|website=Scroll.in|date=17 November 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Suzhal: The Vortex]]'' || Vadivelu ||[[Amazon Prime Video]]||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2023 <br />
| ''[[Sengalam]]''<br />
| Natesan<br />
| [[ZEE5]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=19 March 2023|title=அரசியல் திரில்லராக உருவாகியுள்ள 'செங்களம்' இணையத் தொடர்! - மார்ச் 24 ஆம் தேதி ஜீ5 தளத்தில் வெளியாகிறது|url=https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-cinemadetail/political-thriller-web-series-sengalam-release-in-zee-5-8880.html|website=www.cinemainbox.com|language=ta}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
| ''Sshhh''<br />
|<br />
| [[aha (streaming service)|aha]]<br />
| Anthology series<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
;Serials<br />
* ''Nimamthi Ungal Choice II|Nimmathi Ungal Choice II: Triveni Sangamam'' ([[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]])<br />
* ''Nimmathi Ungal Choice V: Manasatchi'' ([[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]])<br />
* 2001-2003 ''[[Anni (TV series)|Anni]]'' as Muthiah Ramanathan ([[Jaya TV]])<br />
* 2002 Soolam as Senathipathi ([[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]])<br />
* 2003-2005 ''[[Annamalai (2002 TV series)|Annamalai]]'' as Nambi ([[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]])<br />
* 2004-2005 ''Manaivi'' as Arivazhagan "Arivu" ([[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]])<br />
<br />
;Reality Shows<br />
* 2006 ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi No. 1]]'' as participant and Title Winner along with Pooja ([[Star Vijay]])<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|3607395}}<br />
* {{Twitter |premkumaractor}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Film people from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pundarikakshan_Perumal_Temple&diff=527177Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple2025-12-17T23:10:34Z<p>Stevenagok: New...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Perumal temple in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu temple<br />
| name = <br />
Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple<br />
| image = Thiruvellarai (7).jpg<br />
| alt = One of the interior gateway towers on the left and the southern gateway on the right<br />
| caption = View of the unfinished southern gateway<br />
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| map_caption = Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple, [[Thiruvellarai]], [[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirapalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|10|57|21.6|N|78|40|03.7|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pundarikakshan_Perumal_Temple&params=10_57_21.6_N_78_40_03.7_E_type:landmark_region:IN]<br />
| native_name = Thiruvellarai<br />
| country = {{flag|India}}<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| district = [[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirapalli]]<br />
| location = [[Thiruvellarai]]<br />
| elevation_m = 136.79<br />
| deity = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Pundarikakshan Perumal ([[Vishnu]])<br />
* Pankajavalli Thayar ([[Lakshmi]])<br />
}}<br />
| Direction_posture = <br />
| Pushakarani = <br />
| Vimanam = <br />
| festivals= <br />
| architecture = [[Tamil architecture]]<br />
| temple_quantity = One <br />
| monument_quantity= <br />
| inscriptions = <br />
| year_completed = <br />
| creator = [[Cholas]]<br />
| website = <br />
|tower=Vimalaakkruthi Vimanam}}<br />
<br />
The '''Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple''' or '''Thiruvellarai Temple''' in [[Thiruvellarai]],{{Refn|The word Thiru or Tiru (Sri in Sanskrit) is a Tamil honorific prefix used before village names, temples and while addressing adult males in Tamil. While Tiruvellarai is quoted in some sources and Thiruvallarai is quoted in the census website, Thiruvellarai is the most commonly used name.|name=first|group=note}} a village in the outskirts of [[Tiruchirappalli]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Vishnu]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Pundarikakshan and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Pankajavalli.<br />
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According to legends, the temple is said to have been built by [[Shibi (king)|Sibi Chakravarthy]]. The temple has three inscriptions in its two rock-cut caves, two dating from the period of [[Nandivarman II]] (732–796 CE) and the other to that of [[Dantivarman]] (796–847). It also has Pallava sculptural depictions of [[Narasimha]] and [[Varaha]], [[Dashavatara|two of the ten avatar]]s of Vishnu.<br />
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A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and six of its seven bodies of water. The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower, is unfinished. A ''[[swastika]]'' shaped [[temple tank]] built in 800 CE by Kamban Araiyan during the reign of [[Dantivarman]] is outside the temple complex. The [[Vijayanagar empire|Vijayanagar]] and [[Nayak dynasty|Nayak]] kings commissioned paintings on the walls of the shrine of Pudarikakshan, some of which are still present.<br />
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Pundarikakshan is believed to have appeared and showered his divine grace to [[Garuda]] ([[vahana]] of Vishnu), Sibi Chakravarthy, sage [[Markandeya]] and Hindu gods [[Bhūmi|Bhoomadevi]], [[Brahma]], [[Shiva]], [[Indra]] and [[Chandra]]. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the chariot festival, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chaitra'' (March–April), is the most prominent. The festival is unique in the state as a community feast is offered, a custom stretching back many centuries. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
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==History==<br />
[[File:Thiruvellarai (13).jpg|250x250px|thumb|The temple tank in front of the main gateway|left|alt=temple tank in front of the gateway tower]]<br />
Pundarikakshan Perumal temple is believed to have been built by the [[Pallavas]], as seen from the three inscriptions in its two rock-cut caves. Two of the inscriptions are dated from the period of [[Nandivarman II]] (732–796 CE) and the other from the period of Dantivarman (796–847 CE). The temple construction completed presumably during the time of Dantivarman.<ref name="temple"/><ref name="hindu3"/><ref name="India 1903, p. 63">[[#ASI|Archaeological Survey of India. Southern Circle]] 1903, p. 63</ref><ref name="Verma94"/><ref name="T.">[[#T.|T.]] 2002, pp. 110–111</ref><ref name="Madras (India : State)"/> The influence of [[Azhwars|Alvars]], the Vaishanva saints of the 7th–9th centuries helped spread [[Vaishnavism]] to a greater extent among the public and the ruling Pallava kings, who became temple patrons.<ref>[[#T.|T.]] 2002, p. 127</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Pallavas|first=Tony|last=Jouveau-Dubreuil|year=1994|isbn= 81-206-0574-8|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6o9XCT3XiaMC&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA76|page=76}}</ref><br />
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A [[Chola]] inscription indicates an endowment to the shrines of [[Krishna]] (an avatar of Vishnu) and his chief consort, [[Rukmini]], inside the temple by King [[Parantaka I|Parakesarivarman]] (907–955 CE).<ref name="T."/><ref>[[#ASI|Archaeological Survey of India. Southern Circle]] 1903, p. 70</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Fluid Signs: Being a Person the Tamil Way|last=Daniel|first=Val |publisher=University of California Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KwZatzse3CsC&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA139|year=1984|isbn=9780520061675|pages=139–140}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=South-Indian inscriptions, Volumes 9–10|last=Hultzsch|first=Eugen|page=298|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlpBAQAAIAAJ&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA298|publisher=Superintendent, Gov't press|year=1890}}</ref> The temple had later additions from the subsequent Chola, [[Pandyas#Pandya revival and zenith .2813th and 14th centuries AD.29|later Pandyas]], [[Hoysala]] and the [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara]] kings.<ref name="hindu3">{{cite news|title=Tamil inscriptions found near Tiruvellarai temple|date=2008-08-24|access-date=2013-03-04|location=Tiruchi|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/24/stories/2008082454970500.htm|first=Subramanian|last=T.S.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193122/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/24/stories/2008082454970500.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref> The temple suffered extensive damage during a flood and was repaired by a merchant around 1262–63.<ref name="hindu3"/><ref name="India 1903, p. 63"/><ref name="Verma94"/><ref name="T."/><ref name="Madras (India : State)"/><br />
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In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. An Executive officer appointed by the Board manages the temple along with [[Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple]], [[Sri Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple|Sri Alagiya Manavala Perumal Temple]] at [[Woraiyur]], [[Sri Vadivazhagiya Nambi Perumal Temple|Sri Vadivalagiya Nambi Perumal Temple]] and Mariamman Temple at [[Anbil]]. Annadhanam scheme, which provides free food to devotees, is implemented in the temple by the Board. Under the scheme, free food is offered to hundred devotees every day in the temple and the expenditure is fully funded by the contributions from devotees.<ref name="temple"/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Lord Sri Ranganatha Temple - a study|journal=Monthly Multidisciplinary Research Journal|last1=J.|first1=Sulochana Gandhi|last2=R.|first2=Soundarajan|pages=2–5|url=http://aygrt.isrj.net/UploadedData/1911.pdf|issn=2231-5063|volume=2|issue=7|date=January 2013|access-date=2013-09-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002140622/http://aygrt.isrj.net/UploadedData/1911.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-02}}</ref><br />
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==Architecture==<br />
[[File:Tiruvellarai tank.jpg|thumb|right|250x250px|Swastika tank, with stepped entrances in all four sides, was built in 800 CE|alt=a large, deep tank with four entrances]]<br />
Pundarikakshan Perumal temple is located in Thiruvellarai, a village {{convert|27|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Tiruchirappalli, on the Thuraiyur road. The shrine of Pundarikakshan is built on a {{convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} tall artificial hill.<ref>{{cite book|title=Essays on Indian History and Culture|page=56|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jMg8K5dPZUC&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA56|publisher=Mittal Publications|last=H. V.|first=Sreenivasa Murthy|year=1990|isbn=9788170992110}}</ref> There are two stepped entrances to the sanctum, Utharayana Vaasal and Dhakshanayana Vaasal, each open for a six-month period. From 15 January to 15 June, Utharayanya Vaasal is opened, Dhakshanaya Vaasal is for the other six-month period. Pundarikakshan, the presiding deity of the temple is named "Maayavan" during ''[[Dakshinayana]]m'' and "Thai Maatha Naayagan" during ''[[Uttarayanam]]''. The two gates in the temple are believed to represent the continuous cycle of entering into life and getting out of it. An image of the presiding deity, Pundarikakshan, is seen in a standing posture facing east. He is believed to have appeared to [[Garuda]], [[Shibi (king)|Sibi Chakravarthy]], [[Bhūmi|Bhoomadevi]], sage [[Markandeya]], [[Brahma]] and [[Shiva]], all of whose images are housed inside the sanctum. The consort of Pundarikakshan, Shenbagavalli, (also called "Peri Pirattiyaar Lakshmi Devi") has a separate shrine. The [[Utsavar]] (festival image) of Pankajavalli is called Shenbagavalli and is housed inside the same shrine.<ref name="temple"/><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|title=Mahasamprokshanam at Tiruvellarai on March16|date=2005-03-11|access-date=2013-03-04|location=Tiruchi|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/11/stories/2005031114870300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111114604/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/11/stories/2005031114870300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2006-01-11}}</ref> The temple has Pallava sculptural depictions of [[Narasimha]] and [[Varaha]], two of the [[Dashavatar|ten avatars of Vishnu]]. Narasimha is depicted holding a demon in one panel, the other shows him tearing the demon.<ref name="Verma94">[[#CITEREFVerma2012|Verma]] 2012, p. 94</ref><br />
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The rectangular walls around the temple enclose all the eight shrines and six of the seven water bodies associated with the temple. Besides the main shrine for Pundarikakshan and Pangayavalli, the temple has shrines for [[Azhwar|Alvar]]s, [[Garuda]], [[Ramanuja]]r and Uyyakondar. The seven water bodies are Divya Tirtham, Kanda Kshree Tirtham, Tirtham, Chakkara Tirtham, Pushkala Tirtham, Padma Tirtham and Varaaha Manikarnika Tirtham. The ''[[Vimana (architectural feature)|vimanam]]'' (structure over the sanctum) is called Vimalaakkruthi Vimaanam.<ref name="temple"/> There are various sculptural depictions of Krishna on the pillars of the temple, in the most notable of which he is depicted dancing on a pot. He is seen dancing in Swastika posture with his buns like hair-do, ornaments and anklet. In another sculpture, he is seen slaying the demon Bhagasura.<ref name="T."/> The [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar]] and [[Nayak dynasty|Nayak kings]] commissioned the Krishna paintings on the exterior walls of the shrine of Pundarikakshan; they have clear labels.<ref>[[#T.|T.]] 2002, pp. 108–109</ref> Paintings with some of the popular themes from the epic ''[[Ramayana]]'' were also commissioned by the Nayak kings in the temple.<ref name="epic">{{cite book|title=Indian Epic Values: Rāmāyaṇa and Its Impact : Proceedings of the 8th International Rāmāyaạ Conference|pages=85–87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVnK3q48dL0C&q=veeraraghava+perumal+temple&pg=PA86|publisher=Peeters Publishers|last1=K.V.|first1=Raman|last2=T.|first2=Padmaja|isbn=9789068317015|date=1 January 1995|ref=K.V.}}</ref><br />
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The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the main gateway tower, is an unfinished structure.<ref name="Madras (India : State)">{{cite book|title=Madras district gazetteers, Volume 1|last=Madras (India : State)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QztuAAAAMAAJ&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA325|page=325|publisher=Superintendent, Government Press|year=1907}}</ref> An initiative to complete the estimated {{convert|72|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} has been mooted by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajagopuram|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-481008982.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414234328/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-481008982.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2018|url-access=subscription |via=[[HighBeam Research]]|publisher=Mena Report|date=7 February 2017|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> A [[swastika]]-shaped temple tank built during 800 CE is present in the south-western corner of the street around the temple. It has four stepped gateways, each having 51 steps. The tank is believed to have been built by Kamban Araiyan during the reign of Dantivarman. In modern times, it is maintained by the Department of Archaeology of the Government of Tamil Nadu. The temple complex covers an area of {{convert|2.62|ha|acre|abbr=on}}, while the tank covers an area of {{convert|0.1256|ha|acre|abbr=on}} and many mandapas are dedicated to the Lord which cover a total {{convert|8|acre|ha|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref name="temple"/><ref name="Arch">{{cite web|title=Swastik Well, Tiruvellarai|url=http://www.tnarch.gov.in/cons/tank/tank2.htm|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2013-07-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701163919/http://www.tnarch.gov.in/cons/tank/tank2.htm|archive-date=2015-07-01}}</ref><ref name="hindu2">{{cite news|title=Pallava-built tank plagued by vandalism at Tiruvellarai|date=2008-05-17|last=M.|first=Balaganessin|access-date=2013-03-04|location=Tiruchi|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/17/stories/2008051754240600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228015800/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/17/stories/2008051754240600.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2011-02-28}}</ref><br />
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An archaeological study in 2010 revealed that the layout of the rock-cut caves in the temple is similar to that of other rock-cut temples such as the [[Tiruchirapalli Rock Fort|Rockfort]] and Pechipalai cave temple. The unfinished caves in the temple, along with the lower cave temples in Tiruchirappalli and [[Tiruparankunram]], each have a shrine for Shiva in the east and Vishnu in the west, separated by a central bay between them.<ref name="hindu4">{{cite news|title=Study uncovers interesting details of cave temple architecture|work=The Hindu|date=2010-10-27|access-date=2013-03-04|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/study-uncovers-interesting-details-of-cave-temple-architecture/article852218.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112073931/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/study-uncovers-interesting-details-of-cave-temple-architecture/article852218.ece|archive-date=2014-01-12}}</ref><br />
[[File:Thiruvellarai pano.jpg|650px|center|thumb|Panorama of the Uttarayana and Daskhinaya entrances of the temple sanctum]]<br />
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==Legend==<br />
[[File:Thiruvellarai (18).jpg|250x250px|thumb|The passageway around the sanctum|alt=stucco images on one side of the wall with lined pillars]]<br />
The word ''Vellarai'' means white rock. Owing to the presence of white rocks in the region, the place is historically referred to as Thiru Vellara. As per Hindu legend, when [[Shibi (king)|Sibi Chakravarthi]] stayed there with his warriors, a white boar crossed his path. He chased it and the boar hid inside a hole. [[Markandeya]], a sage, was doing penance there and the king narrated the incident to him. The sage asked the king to fill the hole with milk. While doing so, Hindu god [[Vishnu]] appeared before them. The sage asked the king to bring 3700 [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavas]] from the north and build a temple on the site for Vishnu. As requested, the king took 3700 Vaishnavas and started building the temple. While doing so, one of the Vaishnavas was killed in transit and the king was concerned by the accident. Vishnu appeared incognito as Pundarikakshan, a Vaishnava, and requested to be counted among the 3700.<ref name="temple">{{cite journal|title=Thiruvellarai|journal=Thirukoyil|publisher=Hindu Religious And Endowment Board Tamil Nadu|volume=55|series=02|date=February 2013|url=http://www.thirukoilmagazine.tnhrce.in/online_magazine.html|pages=10–11|last=S.|first=Venkatraman|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185946/http://www.thirukoilmagazine.tnhrce.in/online_magazine.html|archive-date=2013-10-29|access-date=2013-05-24}}</ref><ref name="ayyar"/><ref name="hindu">{{cite news|title=Mahasamprokshanam performed at Tiruvellarai temple|date=2005-05-17|access-date=2013-03-04|location=Tiruchi|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/17/stories/2005031713330300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200712/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/17/stories/2005031713330300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref> According to another legend [[Lakshmi]], the consort of Vishnu, performed penance at the temple, and Vishnu appeared before her as Sengamalakannan. The presiding deity has since been called "Thamarai Kannan", meaning the one who has eyes resembling lotus; his consort is called "Pankajha-Valli". The Hindu god [[Shiva]] in form of [[Neelivaneswarar Temple|Neelivaneswarar]] is believed to have worshipped Pundarikakshan to absolve himself from the sin of holding [[Brahma]]'s severed head. Vishnu appeared to both Shiva and Brahma, adhering to their prayers.<ref name="temple"/><br />
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==Religious significance==<br />
[[File:Thiruvellarai (26).jpg|thumb|Fort walls of the temple compound|250x250px|alt=Fort wall with gateway tower in the center]]<br />
The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Periazhwar|Periyalvar]] in eleven hymns and by [[Thirumangai Alvar]] in thirteen hymns.<ref name="temple"/><ref name="hindu"/><ref name="Verma75">[[#CITEREFVerma2012|Verma]] 2012, p. 75</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sacred Songs Of India, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNObF6dLipIC&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA17|page=17|first=Subramanian|last=V.K.|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2003|isbn=9788170174011}}</ref> The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples mentioned in the Naalayira Divya Prabandham. Some of the ancient [[Sanskrit]] books consider the temple an ''uthamakshetram'', meaning a place that gives the best to its devotees.<ref name="temple"/> The sculptures on the pillars of the temple reveal the earliest practice of Krishna worship in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="T91">[[#T.|T.]] 2002, p. 91</ref> [[Vedanta Desika]] (1269–1370) revered the temple in his work ''Hamsa Sandesam''. It is also considered one of the most hallowed and pious Vaishnava Divyadesams, as being older than the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam, one visit to this temple is considered equal to visiting all 108 Vaishnava Divyadesams. As per Hindu legend, the eighteen steps in the temple represent the eighteen chapters of the ''[[Bhagawad Gita|Bhagavad Gita]]'' and the last four steps represent the four ''[[vedas]]'', the sacred Hindu religious texts. Sounds produced near some of the big pillars of the temple echoes around the temple. Some of the sacred verses are recited more than once in front of these pillars during worship. Thiruvellarai is the birthplace of Uyyakondar, a disciple of [[Nathamuni|Nathamunigal]]. Thiruvellarai is also the birthplace of Engalazhwan (Vishnuchitthar), who is believed to have taught ''Sri Bhasyam'' to Nadadhoor Ammal at the temple.<ref name="temple"/><ref name="ayyar">{{Cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA533|page=533}}</ref><ref name="dinamalar">{{cite news|title=Sri Pundarikakshan Perumal temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=182|newspaper=Dinamalar|access-date=2013-05-04|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029214915/http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=182|archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref> <br />
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According to Hindu tradition, [[Ramanuja]] (1017–1137), the leading expounder of [[Vishishtadvaita]] philosophy, visited the temple. One of his disciples placed Ramanuja's sandals along with the image of Varadarajan. Ramanuja became furious at this, for which the disciple explained that for Ramanuja Varadarajar is god, but for him, Ramanuja is supreme.<ref>{{cite book|title=Life and teachings of Sri Ramanujacharya|last=Ayyangar|first=C. R. Sreenivasa|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeandteaching00ayyagoog|quote=tiruvellarai.|page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeandteaching00ayyagoog/page/n241 231]|publisher=R. Venkateshwar|year=1908}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Life of Râmânujâchârya: The Exponent of the Viśistâdvaita Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOAoAAAAYAAJ&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA220|pages=220–221|last=Govindāchārya|first=Aḷkoṇḍavilli |publisher=S. Murthy|year=1906}}</ref> Thiruvellarai is the birthplace of Uyyakondar, a disciple of Nathamuni. Swami Engalazhwan is believed to have taught ''Sri Bhasyam'' to Nadadhoor Ammal at the temple.<ref name="temple"/><ref name="ayyar"/><ref name="dinamalar"/> The Jiyar of the temple, who serves as its head, is known as Pankaya Selvi Jiyar, named after the temple's Thayar.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.|pages=559–61}}</ref><br />
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==Festivals and religious practices==<br />
[[File:Thiruvellarai (28).jpg|right|thumb|Cave temple in the temple compound|250x250px|alt=cave temple with four rock cut entrances]]<br />
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, a Brahmin varna. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7 a.m., ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00&nbsp;a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00&nbsp;p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00&nbsp;p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 10:00&nbsp;p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Pundarikakshan and Pankajavalli. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="temple"/><ref name="dinamalar"/><br />
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The Chariot festival is the most prominent festival of the temple, and for the surrounding villages. It is celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chittirai'' (March–April) when devotees pull the chariot around the streets of Tirvellarai. Verses from ''Naalayira Divya Prabandham'' are recited by a group of temple priests amidst music with ''[[Nadaswaram|nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''tavil'' (percussion instrument). The chariot festival is unique in the state as a community feast is offered by several individuals and committees, a custom many centuries old. The processional idols of Pundarikakshan and Pankajavalli are brought to the temple car early in the morning amidst religious chanting. ''Ratharohanam'', the rituals associated with taking the idols to the temple car, is performed at an auspicious time before commencing the procession.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hundreds pull temple car|work=The Hindu|date=2010-04-09|access-date=2013-03-04|location=Tiruchi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/article392486.ece?textsize=small&test=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200226/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/article392486.ece?textsize=small&test=2|archive-date=2014-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Devotees pull temple car|work=The Hindu|date=2012-03-19|access-date=2013-03-04|location=Tiruchi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3011461.ece?textsize=small&test=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194100/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3011461.ece?textsize=small&test=2|archive-date=2014-01-02}}</ref><br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|group=note}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book |title=Epigraphy |last=Archaeological Survey of India. Southern Circle |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HkflYvqYadQC&q=tiruvellarai&pg=RA2-PA6 |year=1903 |ref=ASI}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=T. |first=Padmaja |title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamilnāḍu |year=2002 |publisher=Shakti Malik |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7017-398-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA109}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Temple imagery from early mediaeval peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOc9RG6MSzgC&q=tiruvellarai&pg=PA94 |last=Verma |first=Archana |isbn=9781409430292 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2012}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pundarikakshan_Perumal_Temple&params=10_57_21.6_N_78_40_03.7_E_type:landmark_region:IN GeoHack - Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.srivari.com/chozhatirupathigal/thiruvellarai.htm History of the temple]<br />
<br />
{{commons category|Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple}}<br />
<br />
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tiruchirappalli district]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swayam&diff=538927Swayam2025-12-10T23:17:30Z<p>Stevenagok: added first data initial version.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian CubeSat}}<br />
[[File:Swayam Flight and Qualification Model.jpg|thumb|Swayam Flight and Qualification Model<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coep.org.in/csat/|title=COEP Satellite Initiative|last=CSAT|first=Swayam|website=CSAT|publisher=College of Engineering, Pune}}</ref>]]<br />
'''Swayam''' is a 1-U picosatellite ([[CubeSat]]) developed by the undergraduate students of [[College of Engineering, Pune]].<ref name="Official Website">{{cite web|last=Mission Swayam|first=Official Website|title=Mission Swayam|url=http://www.coep.org.in/csat/|work=Official Website|publisher=Team Swayam, COEP|access-date=10 January 2016|archive-date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622063349/http://www.coep.org.in/csat/|url-status=dead}}</ref> They have successfully completed assembly of the flight model having a size of 1-U and weight of 990 grams under the guidance of [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) in January 2015. The structural design of the satellite, design of its electronic and control systems as well as the manufacturing of the satellite was carried out by the students. The project was completed over a span of 8 years and more than 200 students worked on it. The Satellite was launched by ISRO on June 22, 2016, along with [[Cartosat-2C]] by Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C-34 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|second launch pad]] at [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan Space Center]], Sriharikota, India.<ref name="Launch of Satellites Designed by Students">{{cite web|last=Press Information .Bureau|first=Department of Space|title=Launch of Satellites Designed by Students|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=132223/|publisher=Press Information Bureau Govt. of India|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://isro.gov.in/pslv-c34/pslv-c34-brochure|title=PSLV-C34 Brochure|publisher=ISRO|access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-to-launch-20-satellites-on-wednesday/article8752659.ece|title=ISRO to launch 20 satellites tomorrow|date=2016-06-21|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-06-21}}</ref> The satellite is to be placed in [[low Earth orbit]] (LEO) around Earth at a height of 515&nbsp;km.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Page on Amsat India">{{cite web|last=The COEP Satellite, SWAYAM|first=Amsat India|title=Swayam|url=http://amsatindia.org/coep-satellite-swayam-project/|publisher=AMSAT India|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[payload]] of the satellite is point-to-point packet communication with which a user can send and receive messages from one point to other point on the earth. The scientific objective of the satellite is to demonstrate passive [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]] to stabilise and appropriately orient the satellite. This technique is being used for the first time on an Indian Satellite. <br />
Another objective is to provide low-earth-orbit channel characterisation in the [[UHF]] [[Amateur radio|ham]] band.<br />
<br />
== About the programme ==<br />
Mission Swayam is the first satellite project of COEP's Satellite Initiative under the CSAT programme. The team consists of students from freshers to seniors and spans all the engineering disciplines in the college. The project is in a true sense an interdisciplinary project. The students in this team are selected after a rigorous selection process. In addition to the academic work the team members dedicatedly work on this project all year round to meet the project deadlines. The team can proudly claim to have published more than 15 research papers in international conferences for last 7 consecutive years.<br />
<br />
== Subsystems ==<br />
<br />
The Satellite team is divided broadly into five subsystems.<br />
<br />
=== Attitude control system ===<br />
The attitude control system (ACS) controls the dynamic behaviour of satellite like orientation and motion of satellite. In Swayam, the technique of passive magnetic attitude control system (PMACS) is implemented for the first time on an Indian satellite.<ref name="Attitude Control System, Mission Swayam">{{cite web|author=Mission Swayam|title=Attitude Control System|url=http://www.coep.org.in/csat/?page_id=9|publisher=Team Swayam, COEP|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref> The uniqueness of the technique is that it controls the orientation of the satellite without any power consumption with reasonable accuracy for communication. It is the scientific mission of the satellite to prove that PMACS is a robust and cost-effective solution for attitude control.<br />
<br />
The primary objective of ACS is to attain a configuration favourable for communication to take place. [[Earth's magnetic field]] will be used for achieving this. Components of passive ACS include permanent magnets and hysteresis rods. The hysteresis rods are soft magnetic materials which damp the angular oscillations of the satellite and the magnet aligns the antenna along the earth's magnetic field.<br />
<br />
To evaluate the attitude behaviour of the satellite in the orbit, the space conditions and dynamic behaviour of the satellite have been simulated through a self-developed software. From the simulation results it has been observed that, the stabilization of the satellite to the prescribed orientation, i.e. antenna along Earth's magnetic field, takes around 15 to 20 days.<br />
<br />
ACS uses a MEMS gyroscope for stabilisation detection. Using the data from gyro sensor, the on-board computer declares stability of the satellite.<br />
<br />
=== Communication ===<br />
The communication subsystem is responsible for enabling half-duplex communication of the satellite with various ground stations in the ham band of 434–438&nbsp;[[Hertz|MHz]] which is used both for up-linking and down-linking data.<ref name="Communication System, Mission Swayam">{{cite web|first=Mission Swayam|last=Communication System|title=Communication System|url=http://www.coep.org.in/csat/?page_id=17|publisher=Team Swayam, COEP|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref> The frequency used by satellite will be 437.025&nbsp;MHz.<ref name="AMSAT-UK - IARU Satellite Database">{{cite web|last=AMSAT-UK|first=IARU Satellite Database|title=IARU Amateur Satellite Frequency Coordination|url=http://www.amsatuk.me.uk/iaru/finished_detail.php?serialnum=319|publisher=AMSAT-UK|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref><br />
The communication subsystem can be subdivided further into two parts:<br />
<br />
==== Spacecraft ====<br />
The subsystem consists of:<br />
*Amplifiers: [[Low-noise amplifier]] (LNA) & [[high-power amplifier]] (HPA) to amplify the received signal and the output signal respectively.<br />
*[[Antenna (radio)|Antenna]]: A [[dipole antenna]]<br />
*[[Transceiver]]: [[Texas Instruments]]' CC1120 RF transceiver<br />
*[[Terminal node controller]]: [[Microchip]]'s [[PIC microcontroller]], which is interfaced with the transceiver.<br />
<br />
==== Ground station segment ====<br />
The team has established a fully functional ground station in the premises with uplink and downlink capability in both the 435&nbsp;MHz as well as the 145&nbsp;MHz bands.<ref name="Ground Segment, Mission Swayam">{{cite web|last=Mission Swayam|first=Ground Segment|title=Ground Segment|url=http://www.coep.org.in/csat/?page_id=767|publisher=Team Swayam, COEP|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref><br />
The team has successfully received signals from various analog and digital satellites and the data has been verified from the respective satellite teams. The ground segment includes an array of two crossed Yagi antennas for the 434-438&nbsp;MHz band and a simple [[Yagi-Uda antenna|Yagi Uda]] and potato masher antenna for the 144–148&nbsp;MHz range.<br />
<br />
=== Onboard computer ===<br />
The onboard computer (OC) subsystem is a fault tolerant microcontroller based system. The microcontroller used is AT91SAM7x512. It is the second subsystem to start after power and plays a major role in antenna deployment. Over the course of the mission, OC collects crucial data about the health of the various systems within the satellite and stores it in a non-volatile memory, only to be sent to the ground station on request. It also manages the payload of point to point communication by storing and sending messages appropriately. The major role of OC relies in handling the set of commands received from the ground stations through the communication system. OC is the master control system of the satellite.<br />
<br />
=== Power ===<br />
The Power Subsystem is completely analog in nature and also fully autonomous in its functioning, being the first subsystem to start up after the launch. It provides power to all the electrical systems on board the satellite and protects them from electrical faults. [[DC-DC converter]]s are used for conditioning and regulation of power. Load protection circuits are designed for triple redundancy and work in coordination with the onboard computer and terminal node controller. The power system is responsible for the deployment of the antenna for the communication system through a surge of current. Li-ion batteries are used for energy storage. On-board voltage, current, and temperature sensors monitor electrical and thermal status of the satellite and provide a critical part of health monitoring data (HMD).<br />
<br />
=== Structure ===<br />
The structure subsystem is responsible for providing a robust body for the satellite which can house all the components and protect them from the harsh conditions of space.<ref name="Structure System, Mission Swayam">{{cite web|first=Mission Swayam|last=Structure System|title=Structure System|url=http://www.coep.org.in/csat/?page_id=48|publisher=Team Swayam, COEP|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref> Comparative studies of different materials revealed that Al 6061-T6 is better suited. Hence it has been used for the main frame of the satellite. Other materials like ABS, FR4 have also been used as per the specific requirements. All these materials were first tested for their properties before being put into use. The main structure of the satellite consists of four rails and two frames. Three PCB's are arranged in a U deck, with the battery pack in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''Vibration analysis:''' During launch, the satellite undergoes intense vibrations. It must be able to sustain these. For the same, simulations have been run and validated by performing tests on both the qualification and flight models.<br />
<br />
'''Thermal management and control:''' Temperature of the satellite has to be maintained within a particular range in order to ensure proper functioning. A passive thermal system has been employed in Swayam. Insulating materials like [[kapton]], white paint, low emittance tape, black tape and [[optical solar reflector]] are used. The thermal system has been put to test in the thermo vacuum test (on QM and FM) and hot and cold test (on QM).<br />
<br />
== Achievements ==<br />
The team has published and presented various papers in various conferences.<ref name="Achievements, Mission Swayam">{{cite web|first=Mission Swayam|last=Achievements|title=Achievements, Mission Swayam|url=http://www.coep.org.in/csat/?page_id=185|publisher=Team Swayam, COEP|access-date=10 January 2016}}</ref><br />
In the year 2011, one of the founding members of this initiative, Nischay Mhatre, became the first Indian to be awarded the prestigious [[Luigi G. Napolitano Award|Luigi Napolitano Award]] by [[International Astronautical Federation|IAF]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iafastro.org/activities/honours-awards/luigi-g-napolitano-award/ | title=IAF : Luigi G. Napolitano Award }}</ref> for his publications at the [[International Astronautical Congress]] as a young scientist under the age of 30.<br />
<br />
The Swayam satellite was also honored with the Gandhian Young Technological Innovation Award for the year 2016,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://gyti.techpedia.in/project-detail/swayam-passively-stabilized-communication-satellite/9178 | title=Swayam - Passively Stabilized Communication Satellite &#124; Gandhian Young Technological Innovation Award }}</ref> under the category of Aerospace Engineering by Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}<br />
* [http://www.coep.org.in/csat Mission Swayam | A COEP Students' Initiative] – Official web site<br />
* [http://amsatindia.org/coep-satellite-swayam-project/ COEP's Swayam | AMSAT India] - Page on AMSAT India<br />
<br />
{{Orbital launches in 2016}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:CubeSats of India]]<br />
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by India in 2016]]<br />
[[Category:Student satellites]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaiphundai&diff=507444Kaiphundai2025-11-24T05:42:28Z<p>Stevenagok: Done...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Short description|Village in Manipur, India}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kaiphundai<br />
| native_name_lang = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --><br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|24.7897|93.2237|format=dms |display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tamenglong district|Tamenglong]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 330<br />
| population_total = 626<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 Tamenglong census"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = Language(s)<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]]<br />
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken<br />
| demographics1_info2 = [[Thadou language|Thadou]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <br />
| postal_code = <br />
| area_code_type = <br />
| area_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 13<br />
| mapframe-wikidata = yes<br />
}}<br />
'''Kaiphundai''', also called '''New Kaiphundai''' or "Kaiphundai Naga", is a village in [[Tamenglong district]], [[Manipur]], India, close to its border with [[Jiribam district]]. The village is on top of the [[Vangaitang]] range, at an elevation of {{conv|330|m|abbr=on}}. An older village that is now referred to as '''Old Kaiphundai''' or "Kaiphundai Kuki" is at a lower elevation of {{conv|236|m|abbr=on}} on the same range.<ref name="2011 Tamenglong census"><br />
[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/854/download/36284/DH_2011_1402_PART_A_DCHB_TAMENGLONG.pdf Tamenglong District Census Handbook], Census of India, 2011. page 84.<br />
</ref><br />
Both the villages are along the [[National Highway 37 (India)|National Highway 37]] (Silchar–Imphal Highway) and are part of the 'Tamenglong West' subdivision (also called Tousem subdivision). <br />
<br />
== Geography and history ==<br />
[[File:Jiribam-district-SoI-1944.jpg|thumb|left|275px|1944 Survey of India map of the Jiribam region and the adjacent Vangaitang range. The village marked "Kaiphundai" on Silchar–Manipur highway is now called Old Kaiphundai.]]<br />
<br />
The [[Vangaitang]] range to the east of the Jiribam district is traditionally inhabited by the [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] tribes, mainly [[Hmar people|Hmars]] but also some [[Thadou Kukis]]. In 1907, the Jiribam plain was opened for settlement by the Government of Manipur, and it came to be settled by Meiteis and Bengali speakers from the neighbouring [[Cachar district]].<ref name="1911 annual report"><br />
{{citation |last=Higgins |first=J. C. |title=Administration Report of The Manipur State For The Year 1911-12 |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co |location=Calcutta |year=1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125393 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Administration Report for 1911-12|1912}} |page=4}}<br />
</ref><ref><br />
{{citation |last=Harvey |first=C. W. L. |title=Administration Report of The Manipur State For The Year 1931-32 |publisher=The State Printing Press |location=Imphal |year=1932 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125395 |via=archive.org |page=55 |ref={{sfnref|Administration Report for 1931-32|1932}}}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
[[National Highway 37 (India)|National Highway 37]], which used to be known as the "Cachar Road" or the "Kala Naga route" during the [[British Raj]], runs close to the [[Jiri River]] through the Jiribam plain, and then crosses the Vangaitang and Kala Naga ranges starting from [[Phaitol]]. A line of tribal villages stretch along the road, with a village called "Kaiphundai" mid-way through the climb.<ref><br />
{{citation |chapter=Notification No. IJ/2/56 |title=Manipur Gazette |date=16 August 1956 |pages=15–16 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125722/page/n652 |via=archive.org}}<br />
</ref> (See survey map.) It is now called "Old Kaiphundai". A "New Kaiphundai" village was established at the top of the range after the present alignment of the National Highway was built. It came into being by 1971.<ref><br />
[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29456/download/32637/51230_1971_WES.pdf District Census Handbook: Manipur West District], Director of Census Operations, Manipur, 1973, pages ix, 13.<br />
</ref>{{efn|In the 1971 census, Old Kaiphundai was in the Jiribam subdivision of the 'Manipur Central' district and New Kaiphundai was in the 'Manipur West' district.}}<br />
<br />
The Tamenglong district administration refers to the Old Kaiphundai village as "Kaiphundai Kuki" and the New Kaiphundai village as "Kaiphundai Naga", indicating the ethnicity of the respective inhabitants.<ref name="Tamenglong demography"><br />
[https://tamenglong.nic.in/demography/ Demography], Tamenglong district administration, retrieved 30 November 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
There has traditionally been a track or bridle path on the ridge line of the Vangaitang range. (See the 1944 map.) After the establishment of New Kaiphundai, a motorable road was laid between New Kaiphundai and [[Tousem]], the subdivision headquarters of the 'Tamenglong West' subdivision (also called the Tousem subdivision). In 2007, there were demands from the local people for the improvement of the road, including the conduct of a shutdown of NH-37.<ref><br />
Indefinite bandh hits NH-53, Hindustan Times, 14 October 2007. {{ProQuest|470485400}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
In the 1990s, Jiribam district was extended to cover a portion of the northern stretch of the [[Jiri River]]. This required a stretch of territory around NH-37 to be included in the Jiribam district.{{sfnp|Manipur Administrative Atlas|2005|pp=12–23}} The current geographical maps show Jiribam district stretching up to New Kaiphundai and a portion of the Tousem Road.<ref name="MARSAC"><br />
[https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_JIRIBAM.pdf Jiribam Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.<br />
</ref><br />
In 2024, the Tousem Area Students' Organisation has objected to the purported district border noting that nine villages of Tamenglong district, including the Kaiphundai villages, were being wrongly included in the Jiribam district.<ref>[https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/nine-villages-incorporated-to-jiribam-district ‘Nine villages incorporated to Jiribam district’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204063730/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/nine-villages-incorporated-to-jiribam-district |date=4 December 2024 }}, Imphal Free Press, 23 August 2024.</ref><br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
According to the 2011 census, the New Kaiphundai village has a population of 370 people living in 77 households. Old Kaiphundai has a population of 227 people living in 50 households.<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
; Sources<br />
* {{citation |title=Manipur Administrative Atlas |publisher=Census of India, Government of India |year=2005 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4393/1/50276_2001_ADM.pdf|ref={{sfnref|Manipur Administrative Atlas|2005}}}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_TOUSEM.pdf Tousem Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.<br />
* [https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_JIRIBAM.pdf Jiribam Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Manipur}}<br />
[[Category:Villages in Tamenglong district]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indore%E2%80%93Puri_Humsafar_Express&diff=455828Indore–Puri Humsafar Express2025-11-22T05:45:22Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Train in India}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| color = 20B2AA<br />
| name = Indore - Puri Humsafar Express<br />
| logo = <br />
| image = Puri humsafar Express.jpg<br />
| image_width = 350<br />
| caption = Indore - Puri Humsafar At [[Durg Junction railway station]]<br />
| type = [[Humsafar Express]]<br />
| locale = <br />
| first = {{start date and age|2018|05|12|df=yes}}<br />
| last = <br />
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railways]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = {{rws|Indore Junction||Indore}} ('''INDB''')<br />
| stops = 14<br />
| end = {{rws|Puri}} ('''PURI''')<br />
| distance = {{convert|1602|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 30 hrs 45 mins<br />
| frequency = Weekly<br />
| class = AC 3 tier<br />
| seating = Yes<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| autorack = <br />
| catering = Available<br />
| observation = Large windows<br />
| entertainment = <br />
| baggage = Yes<br />
| otherfacilities = <br />
| stock = [[LHB coach|LHB Humsafar]]<br />
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}<br />
| el = <br />
| trainnumber = 20917 / 20918<br />
| speed = {{cvt|51|km/h}}<br />
| map = [[File:(Puri - Indore) Humsafar Express route map.png|250px|(Puri - Indore) Humsafar Express route map]] {{Indore–Puri Humsafar Express Route}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Indore - Puri Humsafar Express''' is a superfast express train of the [[Indian Railways]] connecting {{rws|Indore Junction}} in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and {{rws|Puri}} in [[Odisha]]. It is currently being operated with the train numbers 20917/20918 on a weekly basis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.specialtrains.in/index.php/2018/05/11/detailed-news-about-humsafar-express-indore-puri-train-no-19317-train-no-19318/ |title=Detailed News About : Humsafar Express-Indore – Puri (Train No.19317/Train No.19318) |access-date=13 May 2018 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118172848/http://www.specialtrains.in/index.php/2018/05/11/detailed-news-about-humsafar-express-indore-puri-train-no-19317-train-no-19318/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indore-puri-humsafar-express-sumitra-mahajan-flags-off-indore-puri-humsafar-train-1851331 Indore-Puri Humsafar Express Flagged Off By Lok Sabha Speaker Sumitra Mahajan]</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180516065954/http://odishasuntimes.com/indore-puri-humsafar-express-to-run-from-today-heres-timing-stoppages/ Indore-Puri Humsafar Express to run from today. Here's timing, stoppages]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.freepressjournal.in/latest-news/indore-hyderabad-jagannath-puri-weekly-trains-from-next-month/1267448 Indore: Hyderabad, Jagannath Puri weekly trains from next month]</ref><ref>[http://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-puri-train-to-run-via-raipur-hyderabad-to-connect-pune/1274399 Indore-Puri train to run via Raipur, Hyderabad to connect Pune]</ref><br />
<br />
==Coach composition ==<br />
The train is completely 3-tier AC sleeper designed by [[Indian Railways]] with features of LED screen display to show information about stations, train speed etc. and will have announcement system as well, Vending machines for tea, coffee and milk, Bio toilets in compartments as well as CCTV cameras.<br />
<br />
== Service==<br />
<br />
The 20917/'''Indore - Puri Humsafar Express''' has an average speed of 52&nbsp;km/h and covers 1602&nbsp;km in 30 hrs 45 mins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/81929|title=19317/Indore - Puri Humsafar Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref><br />
<br />
The 20918/'''Puri - Indore Humsafar Express''' has an average speed of 45&nbsp;km/h and covers 1602&nbsp;km in 35 hrs 30 mins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/81928|title=19318/Puri - Indore Humsafar Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Route and halts ==<br />
<br />
The important halts of the train are :<br />
<br />
* '''{{rws|Indore Junction}}'''<br />
* {{rws|Bhopal Junction}}<br />
* {{rws|Itarsi Junction}}<br />
* {{rws|Nagpur Junction}}<br />
* {{rws|Gondia Junction}}<br />
* {{rws|Rajnandgaon}}<br />
* {{rws|Durg Junction}}<br />
* {{rws|Raipur Junction}}<br />
* {{rws|Bilaspur Junction}}<br />
* {{rws|Jharsuguda Road}}<br />
* {{rws|Sambalpur City}}<br />
* {{rws|Angul}}<br />
* {{rws|Bhubaneswar}}<br />
* {{rws|Khurda Road Junction}}<br />
* '''{{rws|Puri}}'''<br />
<br />
==Schedule==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Train Number !! Station Code !! Departure Station !! Departure Time !! Departure Day !! Arrival Station !! Arrival Time !! Arrival Day <br />
|-<br />
| 20917 || INDB || {{rws|Indore Junction}} || 13:20 PM || Tue || {{rws|Puri}} || 20:05 PM || Wed<br />
|-<br />
| 20918 || PURI || {{rws|Puri}} || 23:55 PM || Wed || {{rws|Indore Junction}} || 11:25 AM || Fri<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Rake sharing ==<br />
<br />
The train shares its rake with 20915/20916 [[Lingampalli - Indore Humsafar Express]].<br />
<br />
==Traction==<br />
<br />
Both trains are hauled by a [[WAP 5]] ('''HOG''') equipped locomotive of [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara]] Loco Shed on its entire journey.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Humsafar Express]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/81929 19317/Indore - Puri Humsafar Express]<br />
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/81928 19318/Puri - Indore Humsafar Express]<br />
<br />
{{Humsafar Express}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indore - Puri Humsafar Express}}<br />
[[Category:Humsafar Express trains]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Indore]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Puri]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2018]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_and_Third_N._T._Rama_Rao_ministry&diff=549739Second and Third N. T. Rama Rao ministry2025-10-27T16:50:53Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers headed by N. T. Rama Rao (1985–1989)}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox government cabinet<br />
| cabinet_type = Ministry<br />
| cabinet_number =15th <br />
| jurisdiction = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| flag =Emblem of Andhra Pradesh before 2014.svg <br />
| flag_border = <br />
| incumbent = <br />
| image = NT Rama Rao.jpg<br />
| image_size = 125px <br />
| date_formed =16 September 1984& 9 March 1985<br />
| date_dissolved = 8 March 1985& 2 December 1989<br />
| government_head = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] <br />
| government_head_history = <br />
| state_head = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br/>[[Kumudben Joshi]]<br />
| members_number = <br />
| former_members_number = <br />
| total_number = <br />
| political_parties = [[Telugu Desam Party]]<br />
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]<br />
| opposition_cabinet = <br />
| opposition_party = [[Indian National Congress]] <br />
| opposition_leader = [[Mogaligundla Baga Reddy]] ({{small|[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the opposition]]}}) <br />
| election = [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| last_election = <br />
| legislature_term = 4 years<br />
| budget = <br />
| advice_and_consent1 = <br />
| advice_and_consent2 = <br />
<br />
| incoming_formation = <br />
| outgoing_formation = <br />
| previous = [[First N. T. Rama Rao ministry]] <br />
| successor = [[Second Marri Chenna Reddy ministry]]<br />
|flag_width=125|state_head_title=[[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]]|government_head_title=[[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]}}<br />
<br />
The '''Second and Third N. T. Rama Rao ministry''' (or also known as '''15th''' '''ministry of Andhra Pradesh''') formed the executive branch of the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] after the [[Telugu Desam Party]] securing majority seats in the [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<br />
<br />
The state cabinet of [[Andhra Pradesh]] was sworn with a total of 15 ministers along with [[N. T. Rama Rao]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-andhra-pradesh-cabinet-to-meet-in-vizag-on-june-12-1994653|title=Andhra Pradesh Cabinet to meet in Vizag on June 12 {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2014-06-10|newspaper=dna|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-09}}</ref><ref name="Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N.T. Rama Rao ministry reshuffle raises many eyebrows">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N.T. Rama Rao ministry reshuffle raises many eyebrows |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870731-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-nt-rama-rao-ministry-reshuffle-raises-many-eyebrows-799131-1987-07-30 |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=1987 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107154152/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870731-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-nt-rama-rao-ministry-reshuffle-raises-many-eyebrows-799131-1987-07-30 |archive-date=7 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Council of ministers==<br />
==In 1984 cabinet was reshuffled==<br />
{|class = "wikitable" <br />
|-<br />
! SI No. <br />
! Name <br />
! Constituency <br />
! Department <br />
!colspan=2 |Tenure<br />
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
|-<br />
|1.<br />
| '''[[N. T. Rama Rao]]''', [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]] <br />
|[[Tirupati]]<br />
| Minister of Major irrigation, Power, Major Industries, General Administration, All-India Services, Law and Order, Law, Handlooms & Textiles and all residual subjects <br />
|1984<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|2.<br />
| '''[[Kunduru Jana Reddy]]'''<br />
|Chalakurthi<br />
| Agriculture, Co-operative, Marketing, Forest, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Weights & Measures, C.A.D., Transport, Roads & Buildings, Housing Panchayath Raj, Rural water scheme and Sanitation<br />
|1984<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|3.<br />
| '''[[Thummala Nageswara Rao]]'''<br />
|[[Sathupalli]]<br />
| Minor Irrigation Minister<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|4.<br />
| '''[[Pathivada Narayanaswamy Naidu]]'''<br />
|[[Nellimarla]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|5.<br />
| '''Thota Subrarao'''<br />
|[[Jaggampeta]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|6.<br />
| '''[[Chegondi Venkata Harirama Jogaiah]]'''<br />
|[[Narasapuram]]<br />
|Home Minister<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|7.<br />
| '''G. Nagi Reddy'''<br />
|[[Dharmavaram, Anantapur district|Dharmavaram]]<br />
|Minister of Handloom and Minor Irrigation.<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|8.<br />
| '''Ponnapureddy Siva Reddy'''<br />
|[[Jammalamadugu]]<br />
|Minister of Labour<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|9.<br />
| '''[[Kodela Siva Prasada Rao]]'''<br />
|[[Narasaraopet]]<br />
| Home Minister<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|10.<br />
| '''M.S.S. Koteswara Rao'''<br />
|[[Mangalagiri]]<br />
| Minister of Health & Medical Education<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|11.<br />
| '''Vasanta Nageswara Rao'''<br />
|[[Nandigama]]<br />
| Home Minister<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|12.<br />
| '''[[C. Ramachandraiah]]'''<br />
|[[Kadapa]]<br />
|Minister of Endowments<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|13.<br />
| '''[[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]'''<br />
|[[Siddipet]]<br />
| Minister of Drought & Relief<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|14.<br />
| '''Makineni Peda Rathaiah'''<br />
|Pratipadu<br />
| Minister of Medium Irrigation, Minor Irrigation, Drainage, Irrigation Development Corporation, Ground Water Development<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|15.<br />
| '''[[Daggubati Venkateswara Rao]]'''<br />
|[[Parchur]]<br />
|Minister of Medical and Health Services<br />
|1987<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|16.<br />
| '''Nettem Raghuram'''<br />
|[[Jaggayyapeta]]<br />
|Excise Minister<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|17.<br />
| '''[[N. M. D. Farooq]]'''<br />
|[[Nandyala]]<br />
|Municipal urban development minority welfare.<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|18.<br />
| '''Chikkala Ramachandra Rao'''<br />
|Tallarevu<br />
| Minister of Primary Education, Employment, Training<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|19.<br />
| '''K. Ramachandra Rao'''<br />
|[[Medak]]<br />
| Minister of Panchayat Raj, Rural Development, Rural Water Supply, Employment Generation<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|20.<br />
| '''G. Ramarao''' <br />
|[[Boath]]<br />
|Minister for Tribal Welfare.<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|21.<br />
| '''[[Simhadri Satyanarayana Rao]]''' <br />
|[[Avanigadda]]<br />
| Minister of Endowments. <br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|22.<br />
| '''[[Dadi Veerabhadra Rao]]'''<br />
|[[Anakapalle]]<br />
| Minister of Information & Public Relations. <br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|23.<br />
| '''[[Yanamala Ramakrishnudu]]''' <br />
|[[Tuni]]<br />
|Minister of Co-Operation<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|24.<br />
| '''[[K. Pratibha Bharati]]''' <br />
|[[Srikakulam]]<br />
|Minister of Social Welfare, Women Welfare & Family welfare<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|25.<br />
| '''[[P. Indra Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Chevella]]<br />
|Minister for Education, Labour and Employment<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|26.<br />
| '''[[Kimidi Kalavenkata Rao]]''' <br />
|[[Unukuru]]<br />
|Home Minister<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|27.<br />
| '''[[K. E. Krishnamurthy]]''' <br />
|[[Dhone]]<br />
|Irrigation Minister<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|28.<br />
| '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]''' <br />
|[[Vizianagaram]]<br />
|Minister of Commercial Taxes<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|29.<br />
| '''P. Mahendranath''' <br />
|[[Atchampet, Andhra Pradesh|Achampet]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|30.<br />
| '''[[Mudragada Padmanabham]]''' <br />
|Pratipadu<br />
|Excise Minister<br />
|1985<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|31.<br />
| '''[[Gali Muddu Krishnama Naidu]]''' <br />
|Putturu<br />
|Minister of Higher Education, including College Education, & Intermediate Education<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|32.<br />
| '''[[Motkupalli Narasimhulu]]''' <br />
|[[Thungathurthi]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|33.<br />
| '''[[Srinivasulu Reddy Nallapareddy]]''' <br />
|[[Kovur (Assembly constituency)|Kovur]]<br />
|Revenue Minister<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|34.<br />
| '''Pusapati Anand Gajapathi Raju''' <br />
|[[Bheemili]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|35.<br />
| '''Mootha Gopalakrishna''' <br />
|[[Kakinada]]<br />
|<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|36.<br />
| '''Dhulipalla Veeriah Chaudhary''' <br />
|[[Ponnur]]<br />
|Revenue Minister<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|37.<br />
| '''Makineni Peda Rathaiah''' <br />
|Prathipadu<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|38.<br />
| '''Damacharla Anjaneyulu''' <br />
|[[Kondapi]]<br />
|<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|39.<br />
| '''[[Mukku Kasi Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Kanigiri]]<br />
|Sericulture Minister<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|40.<br />
| '''[[Anam Ramanarayana Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Atmakur (Assembly constituency)|Atmakur]]<br />
| Minister for Roads and Building.<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|41.<br />
| '''[[Alimineti Madhava Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Bhongir]]<br />
|Minister of Home affairs, Jails, Fire services,<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|42.<br />
| '''B Vishwa Mohan Reddy''' <br />
|[[Yemmiganur]]<br />
|Minister of Municipal Administration<br />
|1987<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|43.<br />
| '''Pendyala Venkata Krishna Rao''' <br />
|Kovvuru<br />
|<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|44.<br />
| '''R.Rajagopala Reddy''' <br />
|Lakkireddypalle<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|45.<br />
| '''[[S. Ramachandra Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Penukonda]]<br />
|Minister for Industry and Ports.<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|46.<br />
| '''[[Muddasani Damodar Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Kamalapur, Hanamkonda district|Kamalapur]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|47.<br />
| '''[[Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu]]''' <br />
|[[Narsipatnam]]<br />
|Minister of Technical Education<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|48.<br />
| '''Reddy Satyanarayana''' <br />
|[[Madugula]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|49.<br />
| '''J. R. Pushpa Raju''' <br />
|[[Tadikonda]]<br />
|<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|50.<br />
| '''Koneru Nageswara Rao''' <br />
|[[Kothagudem]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|51.<br />
| '''N. Yethiraja Rao''' <br />
|[[Chennur, Mancherial district|Chennur]]<br />
|Minister of Endorsements, Housing A. P. Housing Board, Weaker Sections, Housing Including A. P. Housing Corporation.<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|52.<br />
| '''[[Nimma Raja Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Cheriyal]]<br />
|Finance Minister and Power and Handlooms Minister.<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|53.<br />
| '''D. Satyanarayana''' <br />
|[[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]]<br />
|Minister of Mines and Geology<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|54.<br />
| '''Aleti Mahipal Reddy''' <br />
|[[Armur]]<br />
|Minister of Forests<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|55.<br />
| '''[[Malyala Rajaiah]]''' <br />
|[[Andole]]<br />
|Minister of Finance and Power<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|56.<br />
| '''Karnam Ramachandra Rao''' <br />
|[[Medak]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|57.<br />
| '''[[Kommareddy Surender Reddy]]''' <br />
|[[Medchal]]<br />
|Minister of Forest & Environment and Animal Husbandry.<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|58.<br />
| '''[[Sripathi Rajeshwar Rao]]''' <br />
|[[Sanathnagar]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|59.<br />
| '''A. Chandra Sheker''' <br />
|[[Vikarabad]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|60.<br />
| '''Byreddy Sheshasaireddy''' <br />
|[[Nandikotkur]]<br />
|<br />
|1988<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|61.<br />
| '''Gurram Narayanappa''' <br />
|[[Uravakonda]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|62.<br />
| '''H. B. Narase Gowd''' <br />
|[[Madakasira]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|63.<br />
| '''Patnam Subbaiah''' <br />
|[[Palamaner]]<br />
|<br />
|1985<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==First N. T. Rama Rao ministry (1983 to 1984)==<br />
<br />
{|class = "wikitable" <br />
|-<br />
! SI No. <br />
! Name <br />
! Constituency <br />
! Department <br />
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party<br />
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"<br />
|-<br />
|1.<br />
| '''[[N. T. Rama Rao]]''', [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]] <br />
|[[Tirupati]]<br />
| General Administration, Services, Law and Order, ScheduIed Castes and Scheduled Tribes Cell, 20 points programme, State Committee on National Integratioa, Elections, Accommodation, Minorities Commission. Home, Police, Prisons, Passports, Arms Act, Information & Public Relations, Cinematograph act & Rules, Development of Film Industry, Film Development Corporation, Major Industries including establishment of Industries Departments, Paper, Cement, Sugar cane Development Sugar including Khandasari and Jagger mines and Geology including development of Limestone, Granite etc., Coal, Small scale Industry, Handloom and Textiles, Sericulture, Science, Technology, Environmental Control, Printing and Stationery, Commerce and Export Promotion, Nizam Sugar Factory, A. P, Industrial Development Corporation A. P. Industrial Infrastructure Corporation, A, P. mining Corporation Leather Industries Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Singareni Collieries Company Limited Khadi and Village Industries, State Trading Corporation, Oil and Gas based industries including Fertilisers planning. Bureau of economics and Statistics, Godavari Valley Development Authority.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|2.<br />
| '''[[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]'''<br />
|[[Vemuru]]<br />
| Finance, Small savings, State Lotteries, Minister, Finance. Commercial Taxes, Energy.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|3.<br />
| '''[[Srinivasulu Reddy Nallapareddy]]'''<br />
|[[Kovur (Assembly constituency)|Kovur]]<br />
|Works, Roads & Buildings, Irrigation, Highways, Roads & Buildings, PWD Workshops under control of Chief Engineers, Roads & Buildings concurrent subjects relating to Railway and Posts and Telegraphs, civil Aviation and ports, Irrigation, Flood control and Drainage, ground Water investigation and Development, A.P. State Construction Corporation Andhra Pradesh, Irrigation Development Corporation, Engineering Research Laboratories.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|4.<br />
| '''Sirigireddi Ramamuni Reddy'''<br />
|[[Kadapa]]<br />
| Health & Medical, Health and Medical Education, Prevention of Adulteration of Food and Drugs, Indian medicine, Population control and Family Welfare<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|5.<br />
| '''[[Mohammed Shakir (Indian politician)|Mohammed Shakir]]'''<br />
|[[Kadiri]]<br />
|Tourism and Wakfs, Tourism Development Corporation, Flying and Gliding Clubs, Wakfs and Urdu Academy.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|6.<br />
| '''[[Kunduru Jana Reddy]]'''<br />
|Chalakurthi<br />
| Agriculture including Food production Horticulture, Farmers welfare, Co-operation Forests including Zoological and Botanical parks, Coffee plantations, Animal Husbandry including Development of poultry and Sheep and Pig Rearing Fisheries, common area Development A.P.state Agro Industries Corporation Dairy Development Federation, Meat poultry Development corporation, Milk Supply Schemes, Forest Development Corporation, Fisheries Development Corporation, marketing, weights & Measures warehousing Corporation.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|7.<br />
| '''[[T. Jeevan Reddy]]'''<br />
|[[Jagtial]]<br />
|Excise, Excise including Government Distilleries and Molasses Control.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|8.<br />
| '''[[K. Pratibha Bharati]]'''<br />
|[[Srikakulam]]<br />
| Minister of Social Welfare, Women Welfare & Family welfare<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|9.<br />
| '''[[Yanamala Rama Krishnudu]]'''<br />
|[[Tuni]]<br />
| Law and Courts, Legislature Affair including Legislators Hostels and Legislator's Housing, Municipal Administration including Municipal, Corporations, Urban Development Authorities Town Planning Trust, Slum Clearance, Urban Water Supply and Drainage including Hyderabad, City Water Works, Housing other than Weaker Sections, Housing A.P. Housing Board<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|10.<br />
| '''M. Ramachardra Rao'''<br />
|[[Khairatabad]]<br />
| Labour including Industrial Relations Welfare of Labour including Employees, State Insurance and Welfare of Agriculture Labour, Employment Services, Special Employment Scheme A.P.Rajya Sainik Board.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|11.<br />
| '''Pusapati Ananda Gajapathi Raju'''<br />
|[[Bheemunipatnam]]<br />
| Education, Primary, Secondary & collegiate including A. P. Open University Technical Education including Industrial Training and Apprenticeship, Literary and Scientific Associations, cultural affairs, visiting cultural delegations, Academies and Auditorium Ravindra Bharathi, Residential Schools Development of Modern Official Languages, History of Freedom movement, public Libraries, sports, sports council youth services Archives, Archaeology and Museums, state council for Educational Research and Training.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|12.<br />
| '''Karanam Ramachandra Rao'''<br />
|[[Medak]]<br />
| Panchayat Raj, Rural Development, National Employment programme, Rural water supply including protected water supply schemes for Villages, rural Development and integrated Development programmes.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|13.<br />
| '''Eli Anjaneyulu'''<br />
|[[Tadepalligudem]]<br />
| Endowments, Land Revenue, Land Reforms, Urban Land Ceilings, Registration & Stamps, Atiyat and jagir Administration, Debt Settlement Board, Survey & Settlement, Estate Abolition, Welfare of Freedom Fighters, Administration of Chief Ministers Relief Fund, Rural Indebtedness and Rural Agricultural Indebtedness, Relief of Distress due to natural calamities, Societies Registration Act, Indian partnership Act, Food and Civil Supplies, Public Distribution System including distribution of subsidised Foodgralns.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|14.<br />
| '''Sangam Reddy Satyanarayana'''<br />
|[[Hanamkonda]]<br />
| Transport Minister<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|15.<br />
| '''P. Mahendranath'''<br />
|[[Atchampeta, Prakasam district|Achampeta]]<br />
| Revenue, Land Reforms and Civil Supplies.<br />
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br />
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh ministries]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadan_(subcaste)&diff=519746Nadan (subcaste)2025-10-22T17:11:01Z<p>Stevenagok: new first post more to come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Sub-caste of Nadar caste in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} <br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} <br />
'''Nadans''' (also referred as '''Nelamaikkarar''') are a small [[endogamy|endogamous]] group of aristocratic [[Nadar (caste)|Nadars]] from the regions south of the [[Thamirabarani River]] in the present-day state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. They were hereditary tax collectors during the [[Madurai Nayak Dynasty|Nayak]] and [[Pandyan Dynasty|Pandyan]] rule and also served as petty lords under the [[Palaiyakkarar|poligars]]. The Nadans possessed vast tracts of land and were one of the few sub-castes among the Nadars to have practiced [[aristocracy]]. The term ''Nadan'' means ''lords of the land''.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nadars of Tamil Nadu| author=Robert Hardgrave| pages=29–33| publisher=University of California Press}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History== <br />
As hereditary tax collectors, the Nadans held civil authority over the lands in their control. The term ''Nadan'' means ''lords of the land''. The [[Nadar climber]]s were totally dependent on these powerful landlords and treated them with great respect. In the regions dominated by the Nadans, even the [[Vellalar]] accountant or the [[Brahmin]] priest would show deference to the position of the Nadan lords. They rode horses and would buy slaves to work in their houses to retain their proud customs. The Nadan women followed strict gosha, revealing themselves only to the men of their own household, and rode in covered [[palanquin]]s. The Nadans built Hindu temples and also bore festival expenses. The oldest and highest Nadans were the '''Adityans''' of Kayamozhi, who claimed they were the descendants of [[Surya]], the sun god. The Adityans also had special rights at the [[Shiva]] temple in [[Thiruchendur]], where they constructed one of its pavilions. They usually donated the huge wooden car to the temple and in return were given the privilege to be the first to touch the rope which would pull the car through the streets during festival times.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nadars of Tamil Nadu| author=Robert Hardgrave| pages=29–30| publisher=University of California Press}}</ref><ref name="Gazetteers of India, Tamil Nadu state: Thoothukudi district by Sinnakani: Copyrighted by the Government of Tamil Nadu, Commissioner of archives and Historical Research Page 234">[https://books.google.com/books?id=w2AwAQAAIAAJ] Gazetteers of India Tamil Nadu state: Thoothukudi district by Sinnakani: Copyrighted by the Government of Tamil Nadu, Commissioner of archives and Historical Research Page 234</ref> <br />
<br />
Despite their great wealth and power the Nadans, however, were considered as a portion of the greater class of Nadars and were denied entrance into temples built by higher castes. The Nadans shared the pollution of the lowest climbers.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nadars of Tamil Nadu| author=Robert Hardgrave| pages=30| publisher=University of California Press}}</ref><ref name="Mān̳āḍu:a social-history of Mān̳avīra Vaḷanāḍu">[https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJuAAAAMAAJ&q=manadu] Mān̳āḍu:a social-history of Mān̳avīra Vaḷanāḍu</ref>{{Page needed|date=February 2019}} The Nadans would not enter Hindu temples built by higher castes until the issue was solved through campaigning movements and legislation. They claim that they were stripped of their rights and privileges due to the Nayak invasion.<ref name="Gazetteers of India, Tamil Nadu state: Thoothukudi district by Sinnakani: Copyrighted by the Government of Tamil Nadu, Commissioner of archives and Historical Research Page 240">[https://books.google.com/books?id=w2AwAQAAIAAJ] Gazetteers of India Tamil Nadu state: Thoothukudi district by Sinnakani: Copyrighted by the Government of Tamil Nadu, Commissioner of archives and Historical Research Page 240</ref> The Nadar community was then divided into different opposing groups, with each Nadar climber owing allegiance to a Nadan family. The control of the lands may pass from one Nadan to another but the climbers remained always with the trees assigned to them.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nadars of Tamil Nadu| author=Robert Hardgrave| pages=31| publisher=University of California Press}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Opposing Christianity=== <br />
In 1680, the first congregation of Nadars was started at Vadakkankulam with the conversion of a Nadar woman. The Nadar converts came neither from the lowest sections (''Kalla Shanar'') of the castes nor from the highest (''Nadans''), but from the middle subgroups and particularly the climbers. The converts were provided protection by the missionaries from the oppressions of Nadan landlords. With their traditional dominance threatened, the Nadans became the missionaries' greatest adversaries. Many Nadans supported anti-Christian societies such as the Vibuthi Sangam(the Sacred Ashes Society). However, by the 1860s the opposition of the Nadans began to wane. Eventually a few Nadans actually converted to [[Christianity]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nadars of Tamil Nadu| author=Robert Hardgrave| pages=51| publisher=University of California Press}}</ref><ref name="In the Shadow of the Mahatma: Bishop vs Azariah and the Travails of Christianity in British India. By Susan Billington Harper">[https://books.google.com/books?id=cecLBU_oRTcC&q=nadans&pg=PA14 In the Shadow of the Mahatma: Bishop vs Azariah and the Travails of Christianity in British India. By Susan Billington Harper]</ref> <br />
<br />
===Nadars of Travancore=== <br />
The Nadar climbers of [[Southern Travancore]] served as [[Borassus|palmyra]] climbers on the lands of aristocratic Nadans in the eastern portion of [[Kanniyakumari]]. In the tradition of these Nadan families, the lands were bestowed by the kings of Travancore in return for the Nadans' services.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nadars of Tamil Nadu| author=Robert Hardgrave| pages=56| publisher=University of California Press}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Distinctions within the Nadar community today== <br />
During the 1960s, the Nadan families had some aura of aristocracy and authority. The distinctions that separated them from the rest of the Nadar community were largely gone, as the Nadar climbers gained wealth.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Nadars of Tamil Nadu| author=Robert Hardgrave| pages=219| publisher=University of California Press}}</ref> The once Nadar climbers are today widely into education, business and other important fields.<ref name="Gazetteers of India, Tamil Nadu state: Thoothukudi district by Sinnakani: Copyrighted by the Government of Tamil Nadu, Commissioner of archives and Historical Research Page 234"/> <br />
<br />
==References== <br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadan (Nadar Subcaste)}}<br />
[[Category:Nadar (caste)]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milk_Colony&diff=472843Milk Colony2025-10-19T12:13:36Z<p>Stevenagok: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Bangalore, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br />
'''Milk Colony''' is a small layout situated in [[Malleswaram]] in [[Bangalore]]. [[Milk]] [[Colony]] gets its name from the profession of the community who settled down there during the 1960s. Milkcolony has beautiful temples, play ground,adjacent to World Trade Center People here speak predominantly [[Kannada and Telugu language|Kannada]].<br />
<br />
== Location ==<br />
Milk Colony is bordered with [[Yeshwantpur]], [[Malleswaram]] and Rajajinagar. It is situated next to the [[Brigade Gateway]]. [[ISKCON]] Sri Radha Krishna temple is the nearest place of attraction, and Yeshwantpur and Malleswaram are the nearest railway stations.<br />
<br />
The erstwhile Raja Mill (Mantri Greens now occupies this plot) workers were given houses at this place and was called Raja Mill Colony, which later on was shortened to Milk colony. If the older gazettes or the older property papers mention it as Krishnrajawodeyar Mill colony.<br />
{{coord missing|Karnataka}}<br />
<br />
There is a big sports field in the Milk Colony. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in West Bengaluru]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preeti_Panigrahi&diff=526634Preeti Panigrahi2025-10-17T10:07:13Z<p>Stevenagok: Creating...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Preeti Panigrahi<br />
| image = Preeti Panigrahi.jpg<br />
| caption = Panigrahi in 2024<br />
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|2002}}<br />
| nationality = <br />
| alma_mater = [[Hindu College, Delhi]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Preeti Panigrahi''' is an Indian actress who starred in the 2024 film ''[[Girls Will Be Girls (2024 film)|Girls Will Be Girls]]''. She received the Special Jury Award for Acting at the [[2024 Sundance Film Festival]] for her performance as a high school student navigating the complexities of adolescence and societal expectations.<br />
<br />
== Life and career ==<br />
Preeti Panigrahi was born in 2002 and grew up in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-02-17 |title=Kiss and Tale: Meet rising star Preeti Panigrahi who shines in 'Girls Will Be Girls' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2024/Feb/17/kiss-and-tale-meet-rising-star-preeti-panigrahi-who-shines-in-girls-will-be-girl |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She attended [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]], [[Delhi University]], where she was actively involved in the theatre circuit.<ref name=":0" /> She is pursuing further studies in animation at [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute|SRFTI]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-02 |title=SRFTI student bags spl jury award at Sundance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/srfti-student-wins-special-jury-award-at-sundance-film-festival/articleshow/107340087.cms |access-date=2024-07-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Her passion for acting was inspired by her father's love for theatre.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Panigrahi landed the lead role of Mira in ''[[Girls Will Be Girls (2024 film)|Girls Will Be Girls]]'' after responding to an open call in 2022.<ref name=":0" /> The audition required participants to submit a video depicting their high school persona. Drawing from her experience as the head girl in school, Preeti played the character of Mira.<ref name=":0" /> She prepared for the role by participating in workshops with casting director Dilip Shankar.<ref name=":0" /> At the Sundance Film Festival, ''Girls Will Be Girls'' won an audience award in the world cinema dramatic competition and Panigrahi's performance earned her a special jury prize.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganesan |first=Ranjita |date=2024-01-26 |title=Why Indo-French movie 'Girls Will Be Girls' was shot by a mostly female crew |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sundance-film-festival-premiere-shuchi-talati-movie-girls-will-be-girls-female-crew-mother-daughter-teenager-sexuality/article67775315.ece |access-date=2024-07-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Critic [[Anupama Chopra]] wrote, "Panigrahi is the find of the year. Without a trace of strain or drama, she captures the myriad emotions coursing through Mira as she discovers passion, sexuality, unbridled rage, a twisted sort of jealousy, resentment, disappointment and eventually, comfort."<ref>{{cite news|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|title='Girls Will Be Girls' Movie Review: A Quietly Breathtaking Coming-of-Age Drama|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/girls-will-be-girls-movie-review-a-quietly-breathtaking-coming-of-age-drama|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=18 December 2024|access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
* [[Girls Will Be Girls (2024 film)|''Girls Will Be Girls'']] (2024)<br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
Panigrahi won the Special Jury Award for Acting at the [[2024 Sundance Film Festival]] for ''Girls Will Be Girls''.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=nm13365244}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Panigrahi, Preeti}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian actors]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni]]<br />
[[Category:2002 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Sundance Film Festival award winners]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chameli_Devi_Jain_Award_for_Outstanding_Women_Mediapersons&diff=493240Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Women Mediapersons2025-10-10T14:58:45Z<p>Stevenagok: created a bio initial version</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Journalism award in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox award<br />
| name = Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Woman Mediaperson<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| subheader = <br />
| awarded_for = Journalism award in India for women<br />
| sponsor = The Media Foundation<br />
| firstawarded = 1981<br />
| lastawarded = 2024<br />
| reward = <br />
| former name = <br />
| holder_label = Most recent winner<br />
| holder = <br />
| award1_type = Total awarded<br />
| award1_winner = 54<br />
| award2_type = First winner<br />
| award2_winner = [[Neerja Chowdhury]]<br />
| award3_type = Last winner<br />
| award3_winner = Ritika Chopra,<br />
Greeshma Kuthar<br />
| website = <br />
| previous = <br />
| next = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''[[Chameli Devi Jain]] Award for Outstanding Woman Mediaperson''' is an Indian journalism award named after Chameli Devi Jain, an [[Indian independence activist]] who became the first [[Jainism|Jain]] woman to go to prison during India's independence struggle.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sarcajc.com/chameli-devi-jain.html | title=Chameli Devi Jain | access-date=6 February 2023 | archive-date=6 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206171426/http://www.sarcajc.com/chameli-devi-jain.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The award was instituted in 1980 by The Media Foundation and is given to women in the field of journalism. According to ''[[Business Standard]]'', the award is "perhaps India's longest running media award for women".<ref name="business-standard">{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bbc-journalist-priyanka-dubey-gets-chameli-devi-jain-award-119030700881_1.html|title=BBC journalist Priyanka Dubey gets Chameli Devi Jain Award|date=7 March 2019|work=Business Standard|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307175640/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bbc-journalist-priyanka-dubey-gets-chameli-devi-jain-award-119030700881_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Media Foundation was founded in 1979 by [[B.&nbsp;G. Verghese]], Lakshmi Chand Jain, [[Prabhash Joshi]], [[Ajit Bhattacharjea]] and N.&nbsp;S. Jagannathan. The award was instituted in 1980 by Verghese and the family of Chameli Devi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/resources/opportunities/the-chameli-devi-jain-award-2016-17-9855|title=The Chameli Devi Jain Award 2016{{endash}}17|date=18 December 2016|website=The Hoot|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224040303/http://asu.thehoot.org/resources/opportunities/the-chameli-devi-jain-award-2016-17-9855|url-status=live}}</ref> The criteria for selection include social concern, dedication, courage and compassion in the individual's work. Journalists in print, digital and broadcast are eligible including photographers, cartoonists and newspaper designers; the entries are judged by an independent jury. Preference is given to rural or small-town journalists and journalists in regional Indian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/media-foundation-invites-nominations-for-chameli-devi-award-for-women-journalists/india/news/1467454.html|title=Media Foundation invites nominations for Chameli Devi Award for women journalists|website=United News of India|date=14 January 2019|access-date=2 July 2019|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702102721/http://www.uniindia.com/media-foundation-invites-nominations-for-chameli-devi-award-for-women-journalists/india/news/1467454.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Neerja Chowdhury]] won the inaugural award in 1981. In 2015, Supriya Sharma of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' became the first online journalist to receive the award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/713959/scroll-ins-supriya-sharma-wins-prestigious-chameli-devi-jain-award|title=Scroll.in's Supriya Sharma wins prestigious Chameli Devi Jain award|website=Scroll.in|date=16 March 2015|access-date=2 July 2019|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807045237/https://scroll.in/article/713959/scroll-ins-supriya-sharma-wins-prestigious-chameli-devi-jain-award|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Recipients ==<br />
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Padma Vibhushan Award to Smt. Homai Vyarawalla, at an Investiture Ceremony II, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 01, 2011.jpg|thumb|alt=An image of Homai Vyarawalla|[[Homai Vyarawalla]] (right), winner of the 1998 Chameli Devi Jain Award, receiving the [[Padma Vibhushan]] from the [[President of India]] in 2011.]]<br />
[[File:Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Nari Shakti Puruskar for the year 2017 to Ms. Pushpa Girimaji, Gurugram, Haryana, at a function, on the occasion of the International Women’s Day, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=An image of Pushpa Girimaji|[[Pushpa Girimaji]], winner of the 1991 Chameli Devi Jain Award.]]<br />
[[File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Padma Shri Award – 2006 to Ms. Sucheta Dalal, a well-known business journalist, in New Delhi on March 20, 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Sucheta Dalal]] (right), winner of the 1992 Chameli Devi Jain Award, receiving the [[Padma Shri]] from the [[President of India]] in 2006.]]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Recipient(s)<br />
! scope="col" | Associated media house(s)/notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
|1981<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Chowdhury|[[Neerja Chowdhury]]}}<br />
|''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]<br/>[[The Indian Express]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
|1982<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Dutt|Prabha Dutt}}<br/>{{Sort|Ninan|[[Sevanti Ninan]]}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br/>{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=ground>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/d1M0PTCpcyxced7WllZtAP/Breaking-new-ground.html|title=Breaking new ground|last=Nair|first=Supriya|date=30 May 2012|work=Mint|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721115646/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/d1M0PTCpcyxced7WllZtAP/Breaking-new-ground.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1983<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Aiyar|Shahnaz Anklesaria Aiyar}}<br/>{{Sort|Narasimhan|[[Sakuntala Narasimhan]]}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/kalpana-sharma-shahnaz-anklesaria-aiyar-believed-what-she-wrote-could-make-a-difference/20150707.htm|title=Shahnaz believed what she wrote could make a difference|last=Sharma|first=Kalpana|date=7 July 2015|website=Rediff.com|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618141220/https://www.rediff.com/news/column/kalpana-sharma-shahnaz-anklesaria-aiyar-believed-what-she-wrote-could-make-a-difference/20150707.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1984<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Barse|Sheela Barse}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=ground/><br />
|-<br />
|1985<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Kishwar|[[Madhu Kishwar|Madhu Purnima Kishwar]]}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dcrc.du.ac.in/img/dummies/faa/cv/Madhu.pdf|title=Prof. Madhu Purnima Kishwar|work=Developing Countries Research Centre|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702105407/http://dcrc.du.ac.in/img/dummies/faa/cv/Madhu.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1986<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Sharma|[[Kalpana Sharma]]}}<br />
|''Himmat<br/>The Indian Express<br/>[[The Times of India]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://penguin.co.in/author/kalpana-sharma/|title=Kalpana Sharma|access-date=9 March 2019|publisher=Penguin Books|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328191846/http://penguin.co.in/author/kalpana-sharma/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1987<br />
! scope="row" | No winner<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite book|title=Making News, Breaking News, Her Own Way. Stories by winners of the Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Women Mediapersons|last2=Padgaonkar|first2=Latika|last1=Singh|first1=Shubha|year=2012|publisher=Tranquebar|isbn=9789381626498|page=6}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1988<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Singh|[[Tavleen Singh]]}}<br />
|''[[India Today]]''<br/>''The Indian Express''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite book|title=Mass Media in India|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|page=24|year=1990}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1989<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Subramaniam|[[Chitra Subramaniam]]}}<br />
|''India Today''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=ground/><br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Rai|Usha Rai}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Ravindranath|first=Sushila|date=29 April 2012|title=Does a journalists gender matter|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/does-a-journalists-gender-matter/942858/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603060601/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/does-a-journalists-gender-matter/942858/|archive-date=3 June 2021|access-date=9 March 2019|website=The Financial Express}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Girimaji|[[Pushpa Girimaji]]}}<br/>Mediastorm Collective{{efn|[[Shohini Ghosh]], Ranjani Mazumdar, Sabina Kidwai, Shikha Jhingan, Sabeena Gadihoke and Charu Gargi}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br/>{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/an-opaque-state-is-asking-for-public-transparency/articleshow/58116255.cms|title=An opaque state is asking for public transparency|last=Das|first=Priyanka|date=11 April 2017|website=Pune Mirror|access-date=9 March 2019}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Dalal|[[Sucheta Dalal]]}}<br/>{{Sort|Setalvad|[[Teesta Setalvad]]}}<br />
|''The Times of India<br/>The Indian Express''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=427441019&capId=20990355&previousCapId=&previousTitle=|title=Sucheta Dalal: Executive Profile & Biography|website=Bloomberg|access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1993<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Bhatt|Sheela Bhatt}}<br/>{{Sort|Raghuvanshi|Alka Raghuvanshi}}<br/>Manimala<br />
|''India Today''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-media-is-a-spectacular-failure-says-sheela-bhatt/20120529.htm|title=Sheela Bhatt on the Indian media|last=Bhatt|first=Sheela|date=29 May 2019|website=Rediff|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127062926/https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-media-is-a-spectacular-failure-says-sheela-bhatt/20120529.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1994<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Singh|Shubha Singh}}<br />
|''The Telegraph<br/>The Pioneer<br/>[[The Khaleej Times]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/first-look/article3476653.ece|title=First look|last=Daftuar|first=Swati|work=The Hindu|date=2 June 2012|access-date=3 May 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071417/https://www.thehindu.com/books/first-look/article3476653.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1995<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Mukhim|[[Patricia Mukhim]]}}<br />
|''[[The Shillong Times]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Attributes_of_Women_from_NE.Patricia_Mukhim|title=Patricia Mukhim|last=Oinam|first=G.S.|website=e-pao.net|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035551/http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Attributes_of_Women_from_NE.Patricia_Mukhim|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1996<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Suresh|Annam Suresh}}<br/>{{Sort|Hakim|Rehana Hakim}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br/>{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite book|title=Making News, Breaking News, Her Own Way: Stories by Winners of the Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Women Mediapersons|last1=Singh|first1=Shubha|last2=Padgaonkar|first2=Latika|year=2012|isbn=9789381626498|publisher=Westland|page=54}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1997<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Pratap|[[Anita Pratap]]}}<br />
|[[CNN]]<br/>''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Vyarawalla|[[Homai Vyarawalla]]}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/anubhavasancharangal-vanitha-madhyama-pravarthakarude-ormakal-review/article6636186.ece|title=The way of the news, in her words|last=Pillai|first=Meena T.|work=The Hindu|date=27 November 2014|access-date=3 May 2019|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302160522/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/anubhavasancharangal-vanitha-madhyama-pravarthakarude-ormakal-review/article6636186.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Dutt|[[Barkha Dutt]]}}<br/>{{Sort|Philipose|[[Pamela Philipose]]}}<br/>{{Sort|Kiro|Vasavi Kiro}}<br />
|NDTV<br/>''The Times of India<br/>[[Prabhat Khabar]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|agency=Press Trust of India|date=4 April 2000|title=Barkha Dutt gets award|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/barkha-dutt-gets-award/article28010029.ece|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071411/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/barkha-dutt-gets-award/article28010029.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br/><ref name=emn>{{cite web|url=http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/in-her-words-16/|title=In Her Words|date=14 June 2014|website=Eastern Mirror|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=9 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509170428/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/in-her-words-16/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/media/pamela-philipose-public-editor-wire-serve-interface-readers|title=Pamela Philipose to be Ombudsman of The Wire, Serve as Interface With Readers|date=7 July 2016|website=The Wire|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309131122/https://thewire.in/media/pamela-philipose-public-editor-wire-serve-interface-readers|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2000<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Kutchji|Kunjal Paanje Kutchji}}<br />
|''Kutch Mahila Vikas Sangathan'' <br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatogether.org/stories/awardkutch.htm|title=India Together: Kutch Radio program receives an award|last=Virmani|first=Shabnam|date=April 2001|website=India Together|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613225241/http://www.indiatogether.org/stories/awardkutch.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Haralu|[[Bano Haralu]]}}<br />
|''Eastern Mirror''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/bano-haralu-honoured-for-contributions-in-journalism-environmental-conservation/|title=Bano Haralu honoured for contributions in journalism, environmental conservation|work=Eastern Mirror|date=23 October 2014|access-date=3 May 2019|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502195441/http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/bano-haralu-honoured-for-contributions-in-journalism-environmental-conservation/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Trivedi|Shikha Trivedi}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=emn/><br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Jain|Sonu Jain}}<br/>Chitrakoot Rural Women's Collective<br />
|''The Indian Express''<br/>''[[Khabar Lahariya]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DseR8ILypQC&q=Indian+Express+Special+Correspondent+Sonu+Jain+chameli+jain&pg=PA137|title=Concise General Knowledge 2007|last=Subburaj|first=VVK|publisher=Sura Books|year=2007|isbn=9788172540746|pages=137|language=en}}</ref><br/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/newshounds-of-the-hinterland/story-ofPIueTJ3PtShJYXi7WhqK.html|title=Newshounds of the hinterland|last=Kohli|first=Namita|date=22 July 2007|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071411/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/newshounds-of-the-hinterland/story-ofPIueTJ3PtShJYXi7WhqK.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Narain|[[Sunita Narain]]}}<br />
|[[Down to Earth (magazine)|''Down to Earth magazine'']]<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/sunita-narain-presented-chameli-devi-jain-award_209375.html|title=Sunita Narain presented Chameli Devi Jain Award|date=30 March 2005|website=Zee News|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071437/https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/sunita-narain-presented-chameli-devi-jain-award_209375.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Talukdar|Ratna Bharali Talukdar}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005|title=Fifth CSE Media Fellowship: Mining, Environment and People's Protests|url=https://www.cseindia.org/fifth-cse-media-fellowship-mining-environment-and-peoples-protests-339|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214043716/http://www.cseindia.org:80/fifth-cse-media-fellowship-mining-environment-and-peoples-protests-339 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |access-date=2021-02-11|website=Centre for Science and Environment|language=en|quote=Ratna was recently awarded the Chameli Devi Jain award}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Bose|Nilanjana Bose}}<br/>{{Sort|B|Sreerekha B}}<br />
|[[CNN-IBN]]<br/>''[[Vanitha]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/chameli-devi-award-for-cnn-ibn-journo-261621.html|title=Chameli Devi Award for CNN-IBN journo|date=24 March 2007|website=[[News18]]|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=10 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410143935/http://www.news18.com/news/india/chameli-devi-award-for-cnn-ibn-journo-261621.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Nanda|Rupashree Nanda}}<br />
|CNN-IBN<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/cnn-ibns-rupashree-nanda-wins-chameli-devi-award-285899.html|title=CNN-IBN's Rupashree Nanda wins Chameli Devi Award|date=25 March 2008|website=[[News18]]|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071419/https://www.news18.com/news/india/cnn-ibns-rupashree-nanda-wins-chameli-devi-award-285899.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Subramanian|Nirupama Subramanian}}<br/>{{Sort|Deshmukh|Vinita Deshmukh}}<br />
|''[[The Hindu]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/|title=I Am A Journalist, Full Stop|last=Pal|first=Deepanjana|date=28 April 2012|website=Newslaundry|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308225139/https://www.newslaundry.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Changkija|[[Monalisa Changkija]]}}<br/>{{Sort|Chaudhury|[[Shoma Chaudhury]]}}<br />
|''[[Nagaland Page]]<br/>Tehelka''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/Shoma-Monalisa-to-share-Chameli-Devi-award/article16554609.ece|title=Shoma, Monalisa to share Chameli Devi award|date=10 March 2010|work=The Hindu|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071421/https://www.thehindu.com/news/Shoma-Monalisa-to-share-Chameli-Devi-award/article16554609.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|K|[[Shahina K. K.]]}}<br />
|[[Open (Indian magazine)|''Open'']]<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/shahina-of-open-magazine-conferred-chameli-devi-award/story-khfVvRHx7q2dgCiHFRHCKJ.html|title=Shahina of Open magazine conferred Chameli Devi award|date=15 March 2011|website=Hindustan Times|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=11 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111124729/http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/shahina-of-open-magazine-conferred-chameli-devi-award/story-khfVvRHx7q2dgCiHFRHCKJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Mittal|Tusha Mittal}}<br />
|''[[Tehelka]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/chameli-devi-award-for-tusha-mittal/article2993845.ece|title=Chameli Devi award for Tusha Mittal|date=14 March 2012|work=The Hindu|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071416/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/chameli-devi-award-for-tusha-mittal/article2993845.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Dhupkar|Alka Dhupkar}}<br />
|[[IBN Lokmat]]<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch-briefs/chameli-winner-6670|title=Chameli winner|date=18 March 2013|website=The Hoot|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071440/http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch-briefs/chameli-winner-6670|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Bhonsle|[[Anubha Bhonsle]]}}<br />
|[[CNN-News18]]<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/section-of-mainstream-media-biased-in-covering-poll-stories-114032001175_1.html|title=Section of mainstream media "biased" in covering poll stories|date=20 March 2014|work=Business Standard|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071409/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/section-of-mainstream-media-biased-in-covering-poll-stories-114032001175_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Sharma|Supriya Sharma}}<br />
|''[[Scroll.in]]''<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/713959/scroll-ins-supriya-sharma-wins-prestigious-chameli-devi-jain-award|title=Scroll.in's Supriya Sharma wins prestigious Chameli Devi Jain award|author=Scroll Staff|date=16 March 2015|website=Scroll.in|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807045237/https://scroll.in/article/713959/scroll-ins-supriya-sharma-wins-prestigious-chameli-devi-jain-award|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Kakodkar|Priyanka Kakodkar}}<br/>{{Sort|Kumar|Raksha Kumar}}<br />
|''The Times of India''<br/>{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/chameli-devi-jain-award-winners-named-116031501106_1.html|title=Chameli Devi Jain award winners named|date=15 March 2016|work=Business Standard|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029042338/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/chameli-devi-jain-award-winners-named-116031501106_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Dixit|[[Neha Dixit]]}}<br />
|{{endash}}<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/culture/neha-dixit-wins-chameli-devi-award-for-outstanding-woman-journalist-for-2016|title=Neha Dixit Wins Chameli Devi Award for Outstanding Woman Journalist for 2016|date=1 March 2017|website=The Wire|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809110240/https://thewire.in/culture/neha-dixit-wins-chameli-devi-award-for-outstanding-woman-journalist-for-2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Sudhir|[[Uma Sudhir]]}}<br />
|[[NDTV]]<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/28-years-news-ndtv-s-uma-sudhir-wins-chameli-devi-jain-award-2017-77419|title=28 years in the news: NDTV's Uma Sudhir wins Chameli Devi Jain award 2017|last=Isaac|first=Anna|date=5 March 2018|website=The News Minute|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811035757/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/28-years-news-ndtv-s-uma-sudhir-wins-chameli-devi-jain-award-2017-77419|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Dubey|Priyanka Dubey}}<br />
|BBC<br />
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/bbc-journalist-gets-chameli-devi-award-5616534/|title=BBC journalist gets Chameli Devi award|date=8 March 2019|website=The Indian Express|access-date=9 March 2019|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002640/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/bbc-journalist-gets-chameli-devi-award-5616534/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Arfa|[[Arfa Khanum Sherwani]]}}<br/>{{Sort|Rohini|[[Rohini Mohan (journalist)|Rohini Mohan]]}}<br />
|''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]''<br/>{{endash}}<br />
|<ref name="wire">{{cite web|date=13 March 2020|title=Arfa Khanum Sherwani, Rohini Mohan Win Chameli Devi Jain Award for Women Journalists|url=https://thewire.in/media/arfa-khanum-sherwani-rohini-mohan-chameli-devi-jain-award|access-date=13 March 2020|website=The Wire|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127071419/https://thewire.in/media/arfa-khanum-sherwani-rohini-mohan-chameli-devi-jain-award|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Singh|Neetu Singh}}<br />
|''Gaon Connection''<br />
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=19 March 2021|agency=PTI|title=Gaon Connection's Neetu Singh gets Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Woman Journalist|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/gaon-connections-neetu-singh-gets-chameli-devi-jain-award-for-outstanding-woman-journalist/2049916|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Outlook India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Johari|Aarefa Johari}}<br />
|''Scroll.in''<br />
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=4 April 2022 |agency=PTI |title=Journalist Aarefa Johari Wins Chameli Devi Jain Award |url=https://thewire.in/media/journalist-aarefa-johari-wins-chameli-devi-jain-award |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=The Wire |archive-date=10 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910172043/https://thewire.in/media/journalist-aarefa-johari-wins-chameli-devi-jain-award |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
! scope="row" |{{Sort|Rajendran |[[Dhanya Rajendran]]}}<br />
|''The News Minute''<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-03-15 |title=Journalist Dhanya Rajendran to receive Chameli Devi Jain Award for 2022 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/journalist-dhanya-rajendran-to-receive-chameli-devi-jain-award-for-2022/article66624455.ece |access-date=2023-03-16 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316182528/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/journalist-dhanya-rajendran-to-receive-chameli-devi-jain-award-for-2022/article66624455.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
! scope="row" | {{Sort|Chopra|Ritika Chopra}} <br />Greeshma Kuthar<br />
| ''[[The Indian Express]]'' <br />{{endash}} <br />
|<ref name="express2024">{{cite news |title=Indian Express's Ritika Chopra, independent journalist Greeshma Kuthar win Chameli Devi award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indian-express-ritika-chopra-independent-journalist-greeshma-kuthar-chameli-devi-award-9214141/ |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=14 March 2024 |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327220212/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indian-express-ritika-chopra-independent-journalist-greeshma-kuthar-chameli-devi-award-9214141/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <br />
|}<br />
<br />
Note that before 2024 the award made in one year was named for the previous year, thus the award made in March 2023 was the 2022 award,<ref>{{cite news |title=Journalist Dhanya Rajendran to receive Chameli Devi Jain Award for 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/journalist-dhanya-rajendran-to-receive-chameli-devi-jain-award-for-2022/article66624455.ece |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=15 March 2023 |language=en-IN |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417172803/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/journalist-dhanya-rajendran-to-receive-chameli-devi-jain-award-for-2022/article66624455.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> but in 2024 the system changed and the award made in March 2024 was called the 2024 award.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Chameli Devi Jain Award 2024 for Outstanding Woman Media Person given jointly to Greeshma Kuthar and Ritika Chopra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chameli-devi-jain-award-2024-for-outstanding-woman-media-person-given-jointly-to-greeshma-kuthar-and-ritika-chopra/article67950803.ece |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=14 March 2024 |language=en-IN |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324143046/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chameli-devi-jain-award-2024-for-outstanding-woman-media-person-given-jointly-to-greeshma-kuthar-and-ritika-chopra/article67950803.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
; Notes<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
;Citations<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
;Bibliography<br />
*{{cite book|title=Making News, Breaking News, Her Own Way. Stories by winners of the Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Women Mediapersons|last2=Padgaonkar|first2=Latika|last1=Singh|first1=Shubha|year=2012|publisher=Tranquebar|isbn=9789381626498}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian journalism awards}}<br />
{{featured list}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Awards established in 1980]]<br />
[[Category:1980 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian journalism awards]]<br />
[[Category:Mass media awards honoring women]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagadeesh_Prathap_Bandari&diff=505057Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari2025-10-08T18:03:20Z<p>Stevenagok: Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari<br />
| image = Actor Jagadeesh Prathap bandari (cropped).png<br />
| caption = Jagadeesh in 2021<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|1|18}}<br />
| birth_place = Chinnakodepaka, [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now in [[Telangana]]), India<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 2017–present<br />
| notable_works = <br />
| parents = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Do you know who is the actor next to Pushparaj in the film?|url=https://telugustop.com/jagadeesh-prathap-bandari-do-you-know-about-this-guy-in-pushpa-movie-with-allu-arjun-%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA|website=Telugu Stop|date=19 December 2021|access-date=26 December 2021|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226134743/https://telugustop.com/jagadeesh-prathap-bandari-do-you-know-about-this-guy-in-pushpa-movie-with-allu-arjun-%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA|url-status=live}}</ref> is an Indian actor who prominently worked in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. He made his debut with Avanti Cinema's ''Nirudyoga Natulu'' in 2018 and was seen in Raj Rachakonda's ''[[Mallesham]]'' followed by [[George Reddy (film)|''George Reddy'']] and ''[[Palasa 1978]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Palasa 1978' review: A good message lost in poor execution|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/mar/07/palasa-1978-review-a-good-message-lost-in-poor-execution-2113394.html|access-date=2021-12-26|website=The New Indian Express|date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226133239/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2020/mar/07/palasa-1978-review-a-good-message-lost-in-poor-execution-2113394.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His role as Kesava in the 2021 film ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' brought him nationwide recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-20|title=Unknown facts about Keshava role in 'Pushpa'|url=https://www.tollywood.net/unknown-facts-about-keshava-role-in-pushpa/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=Tollywood|language=en-US|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226133248/https://www.tollywood.net/unknown-facts-about-keshava-role-in-pushpa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Played All Arjun's Friend role Keshava in 'Pushpa'? - Jagdish Pratap Bandari - Telegraph Star|date=21 December 2021|url=https://telegraphstar.com/who-played-all-arjuns-friend-role-keshava-in-pushpa/|access-date=2021-12-27|language=en-US|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227065240/https://telegraphstar.com/who-played-all-arjuns-friend-role-keshava-in-pushpa/|url-status=live}}</ref> He was arrested in 2023 for allegedly abetting his ex-girlfriend's suicide.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Jagadeesh was born and raised in [[Warangal]] and he came to [[Hyderabad]] looking for help to finish his first unreleased short film, which eventually made him a regular at short films screenings at [[Prasad Labs]], and eventually got him a role in ''Nirudyoga Natulu''.<br />
<br />
== Arrest ==<br />
He was arrested and booked under Section 306 of [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]] for allegedly abetting his former girlfriend's suicide.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=SHOCKING! Pushpa actor Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari arrested for abetting girlfriend's suicide {{!}} Etimes - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/etimes/bollywood/shocking-pushpa-actor-jagadeesh-prathap-bandari-arrested-for-abetting-girlfriends-suicide/videoshow/105808914.cms |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217074347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/etimes/bollywood/shocking-pushpa-actor-jagadeesh-prathap-bandari-arrested-for-abetting-girlfriends-suicide/videoshow/105808914.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-06 |title=Actor Jagadeesh Prathap of Pushpa fame arrested for abetting suicide |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/actor-jagadeesh-prathap-of-pushpa-fame-arrested-for-abetting-suicide/article67611442.ece |access-date=2023-12-17 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217081029/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/actor-jagadeesh-prathap-of-pushpa-fame-arrested-for-abetting-suicide/article67611442.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Pushpa actor Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari aka Kesava arrested in junior artist's suicide case |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/pushpa-actor-jagadeesh-prathap-bandari-aka-kesava-arrested-in-junior-artist-suicide-case-2023-12-07-906198 |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217074721/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/pushpa-actor-jagadeesh-prathap-bandari-aka-kesava-arrested-in-junior-artist-suicide-case-2023-12-07-906198 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 February 2024, [[The Indian Express]] reported that he was out on bail and resumed his work on films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari released on bail in suicide abetment case, joins the sets of Pushpa 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/jagadessh-prathap-bandari-released-on-bail-in-suicide-abetment-case-joins-the-sets-of-pushpa-2-9140956/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|+List of film roles<br />
!Year<br />
!Film<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2019<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Mallesham]]''<br />
|Anji<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |[[George Reddy (film)|''George Reddy'']]<br />
|Bheem Naik<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Palasa 1978]]''<br />
|Muthyalu<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]''<br />
|Kesava "Mondelu" <br />
| || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/dec/28/the-ones-who-won-2400344.html|title=The ones who won|work=The New Indian Express|author=Pawan CH|date=28 December 2021|access-date=6 January 2022|archive-date=4 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104060313/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/dec/28/the-ones-who-won-2400344.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-12-17|title='Pushpa - The Rise' movie review: But for a few sparkling moments|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/pushpa-the-rise-movie-review-allu-arjun-shoulders-the-film-but-fahadh-faasils-role-is-a-disappointment/article37977023.ece|access-date=2021-12-26|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217124348/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/pushpa-the-rise-movie-review-allu-arjun-shoulders-the-film-but-fahadh-faasils-role-is-a-disappointment/article37977023.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2022<br />
! scope="row" |''Pickpocket''<br />
|Jaggu<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Pickpocket|url=https://mubi.com/films/pickpocket-2021|language=en-US|access-date=2022-01-08|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108120151/https://mubi.com/films/pickpocket-2021|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''[[Virata Parvam]]''<br />
|<br />
|Cameo<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2023<br />
!scope="row"|''[[Butta Bomma (film)|Butta Bomma]]'' <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/butta-bomma-seals-its-ott-release-date.html#google_vignette| title=Butta Bomma seals its OTT release date| work=123telugu| date=28 February 2023| access-date=25 January 2024| archive-date=28 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328093926/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/butta-bomma-seals-its-ott-release-date.html#google_vignette| url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope="row"|''[[Sathi Gani Rendu Ekaralu]]''<br />
|Sathi<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-26 |title='Sathi Gani Rendu Ekaralu' movie review: Oddball characters sparkle in this rural Telangana dark comedy |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sathi-gani-rendu-ekaralu-telugu-movie-review-oddball-characters-in-a-rural-telangana-dark-comedy/article66892615.ece |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629170005/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sathi-gani-rendu-ekaralu-telugu-movie-review-oddball-characters-in-a-rural-telangana-dark-comedy/article66892615.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Extra Ordinary Man]]'' <br />
|Abhinay's friend<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''O Katha''<br />
|Ashok<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2024<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Ambajipeta Marriage Band]]''<br />
|Sanjeev<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://filmyfocus.com/movies/ambajipeta-marriage-band | title=Ambajipeta Marriage Band: Cast, Crew, Movie Review, Release Date, Teaser, Trailer | website=filmyfocus.com | access-date=25 January 2024 | archive-date=8 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108085449/https://filmyfocus.com/movies/ambajipeta-marriage-band | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Double Engine (2024 film)|Double Engine]]''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|As playback singer and lyricist<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|''[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]''<br />
|Kesava "Mondelu" <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-11 |title=Allu Arjun's 'Pushpa 2' release date announced, to clash with 'Singham Again' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/allu-arjuns-pushpa-2-to-release-on-independence-day-2024-2434191-2023-09-11 |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=India Today |archive-date=2023-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914142214/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/allu-arjuns-pushpa-2-to-release-on-independence-day-2024-2434191-2023-09-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |''Chivaraku Migiledhi''<br />
|Gopi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|{{Pending|align=left|''Pickpocket 2: The Murder Plan'' {{dagger}}}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+List of television roles<br />
!Year<br />
!Work<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|''Story Discussion''<br />
|Fight Master<br />
|Uncredited Cameo<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''Nirudyoga Natulu''<br />
|Jagadeesh<br />
|MicTV's [[YouTube]] show<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''[[Gods of Dharmapuri]]''<br />
|Chalapathi<br />
|[[ZEE5]] web series<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2020<br />
|''[[Kotha Poradu]]''<br />
|Addagutta Mallesh<br />
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] series<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Best Telugu Web Series of 2020 {{!}} Top Rated Telugu Web Series 2020 to Watch Online {{!}} Etimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/top-rated-web-series-l/telugu/best-web-series/2020/76086070|access-date=2021-12-26|newspaper=The Times of India|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226143248/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/top-rated-web-series-l/telugu/best-web-series/2020/76086070|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Story Discussion''<br />
|Fight Master<br />
|Cameo<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{{Infobox actor awards<br />
| name = Jagadeesh Prathap Bandari<br />
| image = <br />
| wins = 1<br />
| nominations = 1<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Film<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]''<br />
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hymavathi |first=Ravali |date=2022-09-11 |title=SIIMA Awards 2022: Check Out The Complete List Of Tollywood Winners… |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/siima-awards-2022-check-out-the-complete-list-of-tollywood-winners-761317 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911042654/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/siima-awards-2022-check-out-the-complete-list-of-tollywood-winners-761317 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pushpa: The Rise wins BIG at SIIMA Awards, Allu Arjun takes home Best Actor trophy, Sukumar wins Best Director |url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/pushpa-the-rise-wins-big-at-siima-awards-allu-arjun-takes-home-best-actor-trophy-sukumar-wins-best-director-2508584.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Zee News |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007215538/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/pushpa-the-rise-wins-big-at-siima-awards-allu-arjun-takes-home-best-actor-trophy-sukumar-wins-best-director-2508584.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 11, 2022 |first=Anindita |last=Mukherjee |title=SIIMA 2022 winner's list: Allu Arjun's Pushpa wins big in several categories |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2022-winner-s-list-allu-arjun-s-pushpa-wins-big-in-several-categories-1998924-2022-09-11 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007215538/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2022-winner-s-list-allu-arjun-s-pushpa-wins-big-in-several-categories-1998924-2022-09-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|id=10153699}}<br />
{{SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandhari, Jagadeesh Prathap}}<br />
[[Category:1992 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu television]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br />
<br />
{{India-film-actor-1990s-stub}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyber_Vaar&diff=495066Cyber Vaar2025-10-07T08:56:59Z<p>Stevenagok: created basic entry first draft...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2023 Indian crime thriller web series}}<br />
{{COI|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Cybervaarposter.jpeg<br />
| alt_name = Cyber Vaar<br />
| genre = [[Crime]]<br>[[Mystery fiction|Mystery]]<br>[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]<br />
| screenplay = Surabhi Saral <br> '''Dialogues''' <br> Surabhi Saral<br />
| story = Nishant Chaturvedi<br />
| director = Ankush Bhatt<br />
| creative_director = Harsh Samor<br />
| starring = [[Mohit Malik]]<br>[[Sanaya Irani]]<br />
| country = English <br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 20<br />
| executive_producer = Rizwan Ansari<br />
| location = [[Mumbai]]<br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| cinematography = Krishna<br />
| runtime = 20 min approx.<br />
| company = Ding Entertainment<br />
| network = [[Voot]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2022|06|10}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2022|08|19}}<br />
}}<br />
'''''Cyber Vaar – Har Screen Crime Scene''''' is an Indian crime thriller web series directed by Ankush Bhatt. Produced by Tanveer Bookwala under the banner of Ding Entertainment, it features [[Mohit Malik]] and [[Sanaya Irani]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tanna |first=Amrita |date=2022-05-23 |title=Mohit Malik & Sanaya Irani unite for Voot's series 'Cyber Vaar – Har Screen Crime Scene' |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/mohit-malik-sanaya-irani-unite-for-voots-series-cyber-vaar-har-screen-crime-scene/ |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Brit, Events and Music |language=en-GB}}</ref> The series released 10 June 2022<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sanaya Irani-starrer series 'Cyber Vaar - Har Screen Crime Scene' to premiere in June - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/sanaya-irani-starrer-series-cyber-vaar-har-screen-crime-scene-to-premiere-in-june/articleshow/91741438.cms |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=The Times of India |date=23 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> on streaming platform [[Voot]]<ref>{{Cite web |title='Cyber Vaar' Trailer Video: Mohit Malik and Sanaya Irani starrer 'Cyber Vaar' Official Trailer Video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/mx-play/hindi/cyber-vaar-trailer-video-mohit-malik-and-sanaya-irani-starrer-cyber-vaar-official-trailer-video/videoshow/92052910.cms |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref> and has 20 episodes. It ended on 19 August 2022.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
===Main===<br />
*[[Mohit Malik]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyber Vaar – Har Screen Crime Scene Web Series {{!}} 'साइबर वॉर - हर स्क्रीन क्राइम सीन' में मोहित मलिक-सनाया ईरानी करेंगे स्क्रीन शेयर, क्राईम थ्रिलर होगी सीरीज {{!}} Navabharat (नवभारत) |url=https://www.enavabharat.com/entertainment/mohit-malik-sanaya-irani-to-share-screen-in-cyber-war-every-screen-crime-scene-will-be-a-crime-thriller-series-567407/ |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=www.enavabharat.com|date=9 June 2022 }}</ref> as ACP Akash Malik<br />
*[[Sanaya Irani]] as Ananya Saini<br />
<br />
===Recurring===<br />
*Keshav Uppal as Tech Bro K<br />
*[[Neha Khan]] as Asha<br />
*Amitabh Ghanekar as Hau Sahib<br />
*[[Indraneel Bhattacharya]] as Mr. Roy <br />
*[[Abhinav Shukla]] as Vikram; Akash 's Childhood Friend<br />
*[[Yuvika Chaudhary]] as Gauri;Ananya's Sister <br />
*[[Ujjwal Gauraha]] as Pravin<br />
*[[Naveen Saini]] <br />
*[[Aashish Kaul]]<br />
*[[Gavie Chahal]]<br />
*[[Flora Saini]] <br />
*[[Shivani Sopori]]<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
Archika Khurana from ''[[The Times Of India]]'' rated the series 2.5 out of 5 and overall praised the lead actors [[Mohit Malik]] and [[Sanaya Irani]] of the series.<ref>{{Citation |title=Cyber Vaar Season 1 Review: Mohit Malik and Sanaya Irani shines in this tepid take on cyber crime |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/cyber-vaar/season-1/seasonreview/92054553.cms |access-date=2022-06-14}}</ref><br />
<br />
Neha Farheen from ''[[Aaj Tak]]'' shared her critical review stating that the story of the web series is average.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-12 |title=Cyber Vaar Season 1 Review: 'आपको कोई देख रहा है', ये कोई कौन है...? साइबर वर्ल्ड के क्राइम को दिखाती है सीरीज |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/film-review/story/cyber-vaar-season-1-review-mohit-malik-sanaya-irani-web-series-online-crime-tmov-1480413-2022-06-12 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Aaj Tak |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|tt20866202}}<br />
* [https://www.voot.com/shows/cyber-vaar/121155 ''Cyber Vaar''] on [[Voot]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cyber Vaar - Har Screen Crime Scene}}<br />
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]<br />
[[Category:Psychological thriller web series]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Trading_League&diff=504173Indian Trading League2025-08-23T20:33:46Z<p>Stevenagok: Made</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Orphan|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Indian Trading League<br />
| logo = <br />
| location_city = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]<br />
| location_country = India<br />
| industry = [[Stock Market]]<br />
| products = Stock Trading Competition<br>Share Market Tournament<br>Medals<br />
| locations = [[India]]<br />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.indiantradingleague.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Indian Trading League''' was a [[stock market]] and [[commodity market]] competition held in India in 2015 and 2016 by the [[brokerage]] company SAMCO Securities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/SAMCO-launches-Indian-Trading-League/articleshow/47190358.cms|title=SAMCO launches Indian Trading League - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=7 May 2015 |access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref> Its investors includes cricketer [[Kapil Dev]], and Bay Capital founder Siddharth Mehta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/kapil-dev-invests-in-indian-trading-league/article7181402.ece|title=Kapil Dev invests in Indian Trading League|date=2015-05-07|website=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/business/companies/280416/samco-launches-season-2-of-the-indian-trading-league.html|title=SAMCO launches Season 2 of the Indian Trading League|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-07/news/61902603_1_kapil-dev-broking-itl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517233148/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-07/news/61902603_1_kapil-dev-broking-itl|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 17, 2015|title=Equities fever catches Kapil Dev; invests in SAMCO's ITL|website=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Formats ==<br />
The competition had six formats<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantradingleague.com/leagues|title=Leagues and Formats|website=Indian Trading League|access-date=2016-05-23|archive-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624184313/http://www.indiantradingleague.com/leagues|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
*Trader's League: for participants trading in the [[Stock|equities]] and [[derivative (finance)|derivatives]] segment of the [[National Stock Exchange of India]] and the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]],<br />
*Investor's League: for all participants who have not traded in the Futures and Options Segments,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsvoir.com/release/samco-launches-the-indian-trading-leaguetm-itltm-the-countrys-first-capital-market-league-4187.html|title=SAMCO Launches The 'Indian Trading LeagueT (ITLTM) - the Country's First Capital Market League|website=www.newsvoir.com|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><br />
*Women's League: for female participants of the Trader's and Investor's Leagues,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-12-09/news/68899940_1_indian-women-equities-stocks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402130527/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-12-09/news/68899940_1_indian-women-equities-stocks|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2016|title=Are Indian women showing more interest in the equities market?|website=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><br />
*Commodities League: for participants trading in the commodity futures segment on the [[Multi Commodity Exchange]],<br />
*Royale League: for participants having minimum [[Financial capital|capital]] of {{INR}} 500,000<br />
*Students League: for student participants below the age of 27,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/samco-launches-season-2-of-itl-116042801161_1.html|title=Samco launches season 2 of ITL|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref><br />
<br />
The league ran daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annually.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:Stock market]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sare_Jahan_se_Accha_(drawing)&diff=533199Sare Jahan se Accha (drawing)2025-08-21T10:45:27Z<p>Stevenagok: added the details v1.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}<br />
{{more footnotes needed|date=August 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Painting<br />
| image_file=<br />
| alt=<br />
| image_size=250px<br />
| title=Sare Jahan se Accha<br />
| other_language_1=<br />
| other_title_1=<br />
| other_language_2=<br />
| other_title_2=<br />
| artist=[[Pramod Kamble]]<br />
| year=1997<br />
| type=Pencil sketch<br />
| height_metric=<br />
| width_metric=<br />
| city=Ahmednagar<br />
| museum=<br />
}}'''''Sare Jahan se Accha''''' is a pencil sketch mural in [[Ahmednagar]] city in Maharashtra, India. It was created in the year 1997. The sketch was drawn by [[Pramod Kamble]], who is a painter and sculptor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=यू. म. पठाण, प्रमोद कांबळे यांचा बहुमान|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/pune-news/-/articleshow/9415820.cms|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Maharashtra Times|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-23|title=Pramod Kamble|url=http://www.pramodkamble.com/draw-onwall.html|access-date=2021-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723012959/http://www.pramodkamble.com/draw-onwall.html|archive-date=23 July 2020}}</ref> He created it as a tribute to the nation on the occasion of 50 years of independence. It was painted on the specially-prepared wall of Mahavir Art Gallery in Ahmednagar. Kamble has portrayed [[Bharat Mata]] (goddess of Indian Independence) and 500 great people born out of Indian culture.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-21|title=प्रमोद कांबळे|url=http://www.ahmednagarpride.com/pramod_kamble_ahmednagar.html|access-date=2021-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321185148/http://www.ahmednagarpride.com/pramod_kamble_ahmednagar.html|archive-date=21 March 2016}}</ref> It is said{{By whom|date=September 2021}} to be the world's biggest pencil sketch.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} This is the only fixed asset in India which was made as a part of India's 50th Independence day celebration.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The project was started with the vision of contributing on the occasion of the 50th year of Indian independence. Drawing the attention of tourists to Ahmadnagar was also one of the aims. Initially, it was decided to depict the struggle of Indian Independence. Later it was decided to draw pictures of great Indian personalities. A team of friends from various fields helped Kamble to finalize the list of people to be included. Sketches of 250 people were initially planned, which grew to number 500. The people were categorized into sages, deities, freedom fighters, [[Bharat Ratna]] awardees, [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award|Dadasaheb Phalke]] awardees, [[Jnanpith Award|GyanPeeth]] awardees, [[Param Vir Chakra]] recipients and masters in various fields including sportspersons, musicians, dancers, painters, theater personalities, singers, social activists, and pioneer industrialists. Various sources including encyclopedias, magazines, and books were used. ''[[Sakal]]'', a Marathi newspaper, helped to get some rare sketches which were not easily available.<br />
<br />
==Project execution==<br />
The project preparation started in 1996. The actual work of drawing the pencil sketch started in May 1997. It was completed on the eve of Independence Day, 1997 (15 August 1997). It took 72 consecutive days, which was 1728 hours of work. Kamble dedicated three months to the project. He had to work at night to reduce disturbance from street watchers. The artist believes that the pencil sketch was the turning point in his life. Expenses for the painting were 500,000 Rs. It included preparation and painting of the wall to prepare it for pencil drawing. Swati Kamble, Mandar Kulkarni had supported the identification of the right people for the drawing as a part of the project. The pencils required for the sketch were provided by [[Camlin (pen manufacturer)|Camlin]], a pencil company. The drawing turned out very nicely due to this{{Editorializing|date=September 2021}} and with right contribution and support to Kamble by members.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br />
<br />
==Project details==<br />
The top of the sketch comprises the sages. These include [[Rama|Ram]], [[Krishna]], [[Vyas]], [[Dnyaneshwar]], [[Tukaram]], [[Gautam Buddha]], [[Gurunanak]], etc. The [[Bharat Mata]] at the center is holding the tri-colour map of India. The Bharat Mata represents the country of India. The later part contains freedom fighters of India. The Bharat Ratna laureates are beside that. Various sports personalities are drawn on the left side and singers and musical artists are drawn on the right. Sketches of the artists (like dancers) are made along with their poses. Sketches of musical artists are made along with their musical instruments. For easy identification, sport personalities are also drawn in their famous poses or with sport equipment. No watercolor or any special material was used for the project.<br />
<br />
==Special attributes==<br />
* Largest pencil sketch in India<br />
* No use of eraser during the sketch<br />
* 72 consecutive days, 1728 hours of work<br />
* The sketch comprises 500 personalities on a single wall<br />
<br />
==Important personalities depicted==<br />
{{columns-list|* [[Shivaji]]<br />
* [[Samarth Ramdas]]<br />
* [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<br />
* [[Subhashchandra Bose]]<br />
* [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]<br />
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br />
* [[Indira Gandhi]]<br />
* [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
* [[Rabindranath Tagore]]<br />
* [[Vivekanand]]<br />
* [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
* [[Asha Bhosale]]<br />
* [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]<br />
* [[Raja Rammohan Roy]]<br />
* [[Babasaheb Ambedkar]]<br />
* [[Jyotiba Phule]]}}<br />
<br />
===Social reformers===<br />
{{columns-list|* [[Baba Amte]]<br />
* [[B. R. Ambedkar|Babasaheb Ambedkar]]<br />
* [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]<br />
* [[Dayananda Saraswati]]<br />
* [[Dhondo Keshav Karve]]<br />
* [[Gopal Ganesh Agarkar]]<br />
* [[Gopal Hari Deshmukh]]<br />
* [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]]<br />
* [[Jyotirao Phule]]<br />
* [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]]<br />
* [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]<br />
* [[Pandita Ramabai]]<br />
* [[Periyar E. V. Ramasami]]<br />
* [[Ram Mohan Roy]]<br />
* [[Sahajanand Saraswati]]<br />
* [[Swami Vivekananda]]<br />
* [[Syed Ahmad Khan]]<br />
* [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]<br />
* [[Vinoba Bhave]]<br />
* [[Vitthal Ramji Shinde]]}}<br />
<br />
===Independence activists===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* [[Mahadaji Scindia]]<br />
* [[Nana Fadnavis]]<br />
* [[Rani Lakshmibai]]<br />
* [[Nana Sahib]]<br />
* [[Tantia Tope]]<br />
* [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]<br />
* [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]]<br />
* [[Dadabhai Naoroji]]<br />
* [[Bhikaiji Cama]]<br />
* [[Shyamji Krishna Varma]]<br />
* [[Annie Besant]]<br />
* [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]<br />
* [[Bipin Chandra Pal]]<br />
* [[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]]<br />
* [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]]<br />
* [[C. Rajagopalachari|Rajaji]]<br />
* [[Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi|K. M. Munshi]]<br />
* [[Bhagat Singh]]<br />
* [[Sarojini Naidu]]<br />
* [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Patel]]<br />
* [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]<br />
* [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]<br />
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br />
* [[Pritilata Waddedar]]<br />
* [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]}}<br />
<br />
=== Musical artists ===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]]<br />
* [[Alla Rakha]]<br />
* [[Ravi Shankar]]<br />
* [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]]<br />
* [[Shivkumar Sharma]]<br />
* [[Birju Maharaj]]<br />
* [[Rohini Bhate]]<br />
* [[Gopi Krishna (dancer)|Gopi Krishna]]<br />
* [[Amjad Ali Khan]]<br />
* [[Bismillah Khan]]}}<br />
<br />
===Classical singers===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* [[Bhimsen Joshi]]<br />
* [[Jasraj]]<br />
* [[Kumar Gandharva]]<br />
* [[Abdul Karim Khan]]<br />
* [[Abdul Wahid Khan]]<br />
* [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]]<br />
* [[Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]]<br />
* [[Basavaraj Rajguru]]<br />
* [[D. V. Paluskar]]<br />
* [[Faiyaz Khan]]<br />
* [[Gangubai Hangal]]<br />
* [[Hirabai Barodekar]]<br />
* [[Kesarbai Kerkar]]<br />
* [[Kishori Amonkar]]<br />
* [[Shruti Sadolikar Katkar]]<br />
* [[Ashwini Bhide Deshpande]]<br />
* [[Kumar Gandharva]]<br />
* [[Mallikarjun Mansur]]<br />
* [[Mogubai Kurdikar]]<br />
* Nazakat and [[Salamat Ali Khan]]<br />
* Nivruttibua Sarnaik<br />
* [[Omkarnath Thakur]]<br />
* [[Prabha Atre]]<br />
* [[Rashid Khan (musician)|Rashid Khan]]<br />
* [[Roshan Ara Begum]]<br />
* [[Sharafat Hussain Khan|Sharafat Hussein Khan]]<br />
* [[Ulhas Kashalkar]]<br />
* [[Jitendra Abhisheki]]<br />
* [[Hirabai Badodekar]]<br />
* [[Begum Akhtar]]<br />
* [[Firoz Dastur]]<br />
* [[Parveen Sultana]]}}<br />
<br />
===Sports personalities===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* [[Sunil Gavaskar]]<br />
* [[Kapil Dev]]<br />
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]]<br />
* [[Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav]]<br />
* [[Viswanathan Anand]]<br />
* [[Leander Paes]]<br />
* [[Mahesh Bhupathi]]<br />
* [[PT Usha]]<br />
* [[Milkha Singh]]<br />
* [[Dhyan Chand]]}}<br />
<br />
===Jnanpith Award winners===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* [[G. Sankara Kurup]]<br />
* [[Tarashankar Bandopadhyay]]<br />
* [[Kuvempu|Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa]]<br />
* [[Umashankar Joshi]]<br />
* [[Sumitranandan Pant]]<br />
* [[Firaq Gorakhpuri]]<br />
* [[Viswanatha Satyanarayana]]<br />
* [[Bishnu Dey]]<br />
* [[Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar']]<br />
* [[D. R. Bendre]]<br />
* [[Gopinath Mohanty]]<br />
* [[Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar]]<br />
* [[Akilan|P. V. Akilan]]<br />
* [[Ashapoorna Devi|Asha Purna Devi]]<br />
* [[K. Shivaram Karanth]]<br />
* [[Sachchidananda Vatsyayan]]<br />
* [[Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya]]<br />
* [[S. K. Pottekkatt]]<br />
* [[Amrita Pritam]]<br />
* [[Mahadevi Varma]]<br />
* [[Masti Venkatesha Iyengar]]<br />
* [[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]]<br />
* [[Pannalal Patel]]<br />
* [[Sachidananda Routray]]<br />
* [[Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar]]<br />
* [[C. Narayana Reddy]]<br />
* [[Qurratulain Hyder]]<br />
* [[V. K. Gokak]]<br />
* [[Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)|Subhas Mukhopadhyay]]<br />
* [[Naresh Mehta]]<br />
* [[Sitakant Mahapatra]]<br />
* [[U. R. Ananthamurthy]]<br />
* [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]<br />
* [[Mahasweta Devi]]<br />
* [[Ali Sardar Jafri]]}}<br />
<br />
===Bharat Ratna laureates===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
* [[C. Rajagopalachari]]<br />
* [[C. V. Raman]]<br />
* [[Bhagwan Das]]<br />
* [[Visvesvaraya|Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya]]<br />
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br />
* [[Govind Ballabh Pant]]<br />
* [[Dhondo Keshav Karve]]<br />
* [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
* [[Purushottam Das Tandon]]<br />
* [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
* [[Zakir Husain]]<br />
* [[Pandurang Vaman Kane]]<br />
* [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]<br />
* [[Indira Gandhi]]<br />
* [[V. V. Giri]]<br />
* [[K. Kamaraj]]<br />
* [[Mother Teresa]]<br />
* [[Vinoba Bhave|Acharya Vinoba Bhave]]<br />
* [[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]]<br />
* [[M. G. Ramachandran]]<br />
* [[B. R. Ambedkar]]<br />
* [[Nelson Mandela]]<br />
* [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />
* [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]<br />
* [[Morarji Desai]]<br />
* [[Abul Kalam Azad]]<br />
* [[J. R. D. Tata]]<br />
* [[Satyajit Ray]]<br />
* [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />
* [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]<br />
* [[Aruna Asaf Ali]]}}<br />
<br />
===Dadasaheb Phalke Award winners===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* [[Devika Rani|Devika Rani Chaudhuri Roerich]]<br />
* [[B. N. Sircar]]<br />
* [[Prithviraj Kapoor]]<br />
* [[Pankaj Mullick]]<br />
* [[Ruby Myers]]<br />
* [[B. N. Reddy]]<br />
* [[Dhirendra Nath Ganguly|Dhirendranath Ganguly]]<br />
* [[Kanan Devi]]<br />
* [[Nitin Bose]]<br />
* [[Raichand Boral|Rai Chand Boral]]<br />
* [[Sohrab Modi]]<br />
* [[Paidi Jairaj]]<br />
* [[Naushad Ali]]<br />
* [[L. V. Prasad]]<br />
* [[Durga Khote]]<br />
* [[Satyajit Ray]]<br />
* [[V. Shantaram]]<br />
* [[Bommireddy Nagi Reddy]]<br />
* [[Raj Kapoor]]<br />
* [[Ashok Kumar]]<br />
* [[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
* [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]]<br />
* [[Bhalji Pendharkar]]<br />
* [[Bhupen Hazarika]]<br />
* [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]<br />
* [[Dilip Kumar]]<br />
* [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]<br />
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]]<br />
* [[Kavi Pradeep|Pradeep]]}}<br />
<br />
===Param Vir Chakra recipients===<br />
{{Columns-list|<br />
* Major [[Som Nath Sharma]]<br />
* [[Lance Naik]] [[Karam Singh]]<br />
* [[Second Lieutenant]] [[Rama Raghoba Rane]]<br />
* [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] [[Naik Jadu Nath Singh|Jadu Nath Singh]]<br />
* [[Company Havildar Major]] [[CHM Piru Singh|Piru Singh Shekhawat]]<br />
* Captain [[Gurbachan Singh Salaria]]<br />
* Major [[Dhan Singh Thapa]]<br />
* [[Subedar]] [[Joginder Singh Sahnan]]<br />
* Major [[Shaitan Singh]]<br />
* Company Quarter Master [[Havildar]] [[Company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid|Abdul Hamid]]<br />
* [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] [[Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore]]<br />
* [[Lance Naik]] [[Albert Ekka]]<br />
* [[Flying Officer]] [[Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon]]<br />
* [[Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal|2/Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal]]<br />
* Major [[Hoshiar Singh]]<br />
* [[Naib Subedar]] [[Bana Singh]]<br />
* Major [[Ramaswamy Parameshwaran]]}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* Article: "Kathyakoot te Chitrakoot", Magazine: ''Chinh'' – Diwali special edition year 2005<br />
* ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' newspaper dated 15 August 1998<br />
* Article: "Kalasakt Avliya", Book: ''Achievers''<br />
* Article: "Takiche Ghav Sosta....", Paper: ''Dainik Ekmat'', dated 10 August 2009 by Bhagwan Rautr<br />
* "Kalajagtacha Kohinoor" by Bal J. Bothe, paper – ''[[Sakal]]''<br />
* Drushyakala Khand – Shilpakar Charitrakosh: Pramod Kamble<br />
<br />
{{Ahmednagar topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:20th-century drawings]]<br />
[[Category:Public art in India]]<br />
[[Category:Murals in India]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bansuri_Utsav&diff=489669Bansuri Utsav2025-08-03T02:23:32Z<p>Stevenagok: Creating info</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox music festival<br />
| name = Bansuri Utsav<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size =<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption =<br />
| genre =[[Indian classical music]] ([[Hindustani music|Hindustani]], [[Ghazals]] etc.)<br />
| dates = <br />
| location =[[Mumbai]], India<br />
| years_active =2007–present<br />
| founders = [[Vivek Sonar]]<br />
| attendance = <br />
| capacity = <br />
| website = {{url|bansuriutsav.com/|Bansuri Utsav}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Bansuri Utsav''' is a two-day [[musical festival]] which is especially dedicated to flutes. The 8th Bansuri Utsav was held in [[Mumbai]] in Ravindra Natya Mandir. The festival is held annually and till 2015 it was held in Thane in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Bansuri-Utsav-to-kick-start-this-weekend-in-Mumbai/articleshow/18086582.cms |title=Bansuri Utsav to kick-start this weekend in Mumbai |work=The Times of India|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Bansuri Utsav, literally translating as 'flute festival' was started in 2007 by Shri [[Vivek Sonar]]. It is the only music festival in the world dedicated to the flute. Over the years, the festival has expanded to explore musical genres beyond classical. The festival now includes solo and group performances, fusion performances and jugalbandis.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The festival was initiated by Shri Vivek Sonar who is well known for his classical music performances. The festival was first held in the year 2007. Initially, an ensemble of 35 [[flute]] players was included in the festival.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.afternoondc.in/48-hrs/performance-bansuri-utsavs-flute-symphony-led-by-vivek-sonar/article_99820 |title=PERFORMANCE Bansuri Utsav's Flute Symphony Led by Vivek Sonar |work=The Times of India |accessdate=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124024531/http://www.afternoondc.in/48-hrs/performance-bansuri-utsavs-flute-symphony-led-by-vivek-sonar/article_99820 |archive-date=24 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Pt. Bhai Gaitonde was felicitated in the very first festival held in 2007. Subsequently, many well known flute and other classical instrument players have been present in the festival. These names include Padma Vibhushan [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]], Pt. Romu Majumdar, Pt. Kumar Bose, Pt. auth Patil, Pt. Arvindkumar Azad.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://epaper2.dnaindia.com/epaperimages/27042017/27042017-md-Main-2/d75246.jpg|title=Of Melodi and Music |work=The Times of India |accessdate=27 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://epaper.enavabharat.com/imageview_1958_765127320_4_87.html|title=Rihasal|work=Navbharat Times|accessdate=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728202758/http://epaper.enavabharat.com/imageview_1958_765127320_4_87.html|archive-date=28 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Performances==<br />
The Bansuri Utsav, since 2007, has begun to include different styles of music, including [[Western culture#Music|Western music]]. The performances now include [[Classical music|classical]] and other musical instruments, in addition to vocals.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kusnur|first=Narendra|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/playing-in-symphony/article18196284.ece|title=Playing in symphony|date=23 April 2017}}</ref> The performances which are held are done by a mix of well known and up-and-coming musicians and vocalists and all the compositions are composed by Pt. Vivek Sonar.<br />
<br />
==Flute Symphony==<br />
The concept of Flute Symphony was brought forward by Pt. Vivek Sonar is the distinctive feature of this festival. The symphony consists of a hundred piece orchestra which mainly includes several well recognized flute players, vocalists and accompanying musicians playing instruments like the saxophone, violin, drums, keyboard, and guitar and so on. This is the only symphony among its kind where the main emphasis is given on the flutes and the other instruments provide supporting melodies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flutesymphony.com/the-flute-symphony/|title=The Flute Symphony|publisher=Flute Symphony|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629010215/http://flutesymphony.com/the-flute-symphony/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
The flute players include Pt. Vivek Sonar's own disciples who have been trained in the art for long. The performances are mostly classical Indian in nature and some of the most well loved Ragas are played, for instance, [[Raga Yaman]], Raga Bhinna Shajda Raga Kirwanee and Raga Khamej among others.<br />
<br />
==Venue==<br />
Until 2015, Bansuri Utsav was held in [[Thane]] in Maharashtra. The 8th Bansuri Utsav was held in Ravindra Natya Mandir in [[Navi Mumbai]]. The most recent Bansuri Utsav, which was held on 26 January 2017, took place in Chargers in Knave Mumbai.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references />[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/flautists-to-pray-for-peace-at-bansuri-utsav/articleshow/90022662.cms 13th Edition Bansuri Utsav 2022]<br />
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/flautists-to-pray-for-peace-at-bansuri-utsav/articleshow/90022662.cms|Bansuri Utsav 2022]<br />
<br />
==External links ==<br />
* [http://www.gurukulpratishthan.org/ Gurukul Pratishthan official website]<br />
* [http://www.flutesymphony.com/ Flute Symphony website]<br />
* [http://www.viveksonar.com/ Vivek Sonar's website]<br />
<br />
{{Indian Music}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Music festivals in India]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra&diff=477732Madhyamakālaṃkāra2025-07-27T17:11:33Z<p>Stevenagok: started entry - done</p>
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<div>{{Short description|8th-century Tibetan Buddhist text}}<br />
[[File:Shanta Rakshita Khenchen Bodhisattva at Guru Lhakhang Monastery at Bouddhanath.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Śāntarakṣita]] in Guru Lhakhang Monastery, [[Bouddhanath]], Nepal.]]<br />
The '''''Madhyamakālaṃkāra''''' ({{lit|Ornament of the [[Middle Way]]}}) is an 8th-century [[Buddhist texts|Buddhist text]], believed to have been originally composed in [[Sanskrit]] by [[Śāntarakṣita]] (725–788),<ref>Blumenthal, James (2008). "Śāntarakṣita", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Source: [http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2008/entries/saantarak-sita/] (accessed: February 28, 2009).</ref> which is extant in [[Central Tibetan language|Tibetan]]. The Tibetan text was translated from the Sanskrit by [[Surendrabodhi]] ({{bo|w=lha dbang byang chub}}) and [[Jnanasutra|Jñānasūtra]].<br />
<br />
=={{anchor|Nature of text}}Text==<br />
In the short-verse text of the ''Madhyamakālaṃkāra'', Śāntarakṣita details his [[two truths doctrine|philosophical synthesis]] of the conventional truth of [[Yogacara]] with the ultimate truth of the [[Madhyamaka]], assisted by [[Buddhist logic]] with a lengthy discussion of the "[[neither one nor many]]" argument.<br />
<br />
===Dharmic dialogue===<br />
Though somewhat lyrical, it is a summary and a key to his encyclopedic ''[[Tattvasamgraha]]''. It has the fullness of the [[Sutrayana]] and [[Mahayana]] traditions' development in its place of origin before the Buddhist tradition of India was transposed by the cultures of the [[Far East]] (such as China and Japan) and elsewhere (such as [[Ceylon]] and [[Kashmir]]), where Buddhism was already flourishing in culturally specific forms. The text refutes challenges of Buddhist systems and tenets from within the tradition, and is a pedagogical discourse on the development of the [[Yana (Buddhism)|yana]]; the philosophical challenges posed by the non-Buddhist [[Indian religions|religions]] and non-Dharmic traditions of India, and crystallizes a dialectical sophistication of [[Indian logic]] and the clarity of debate expected of a [[Khenpo]] of [[Nalanda]] [[Vihara]]. The text was seminal in the tradition of [[Samye]] which became known as a [[Nyingma]] institution in contrast to the emergent [[Sarma (Tibetan Buddhism)|Sarma]] traditions of [[Atisha]]'s (980-1054) translation phase. It documents the Nyingma [[View (Buddhism)|view]] of the [[Two Truths]], making it a canonical work. Although the text was marginalized due to the rise of the [[Prasaṅgika]] subschool of [[Mādhyamaka]], it was revived by [[Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso|Ju Mipham's]] (1846–1912) 1876 ''Commentary''.<ref>Doctor, Thomas H. (trans.) Mipham, Jamgon Ju.(author)(2004). '' Speech of Delight: Mipham's Commentary of Shantarakshita's Ornament of the Middle Way''. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications. {{ISBN|1-55939-217-7}}, p.x</ref><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|''Madhyamakālaṃkāra'' and Samye Ling: entwined traditions and historical context}}Samye Monastery===<br />
[[File:Samye Monastery cropped.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Samye Monastery, which forms a circle|Aerial view of Samye, with its [[mandala]] visible]]<br />
The ''Madhyamakālaṃkāra'' and its tradition survived the destruction of [[Nalanda]] [[Vihara]] and the ascendancy of the [[Muslim]] empire in India during the 13th-century eclipse of Buddhism through its transplantation to the [[Tibetan Plateau]] by Śāntarakṣita at the request of [[Trisong Detsen]]. It was taught at the [[Samye]] Monastery, which was safeguarded by the [[Himalayas]].<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Madhyamakālaṃkāra: an English discourse and literature review|Annotation key|Nomenclature, orthography and etymology}}Commentary in English===<br />
Kennard Lipman (1979) published a study of the ''Madhyamakālaṃkāra'' in English.<ref>Lipman, Kennard (1979).<nowiki> '</nowiki>A Study of Śāntarakṣita's ''Madhyamakālaṃkāra''<nowiki>'</nowiki>. Thesis. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: University of Saskatchewan. [http://library2.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-10192009-104749/unrestricted/Lipman_Kennard_sec_nc_1979.pdf Source] accessed November 3, 2009.</ref> The text and Ju Mipham's commentary are available in studies by Thomas Doctor (2004) and the [[Padmakara Translation Group]] (2005). James Blumenthal (2004) also provides a version of the ''Madhyamālaṃkāra'' with commentary by [[Gyaltsab Je]] (1364–1432).<ref>Blumenthal, James (2004). ''The Ornament of the Middle Way: A Study of the Madhyamaka Thought of Shantarakshita''. Snow Lion.</ref><br />
<br />
According to Doctor (2004: p.ix), the ''Madhyamakālaṃkāra''<br />
<blockquote><br />
&nbsp;... is renowned as the principal scripture of the Yogācāramadhyamaka. Although masters such as [[Ārya Vimuktisena]] (6th century CE) are said to have set forth their presentations of the Madhyamaka in a way that employs the assertions specific to the [[Vijñānavāda]], Śāntarakṣita was the one to found an actual system in which the ultimate freedom from constructs (Sanskrit ''niṣprapañca'', Tibetan ''spros bral'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/spros_bral|title=Spros bral|website=Dharma Dictionary|access-date=September 9, 2016}}</ref> is realized through insight into the non-existence of any external matter (''bāhyārtha'', ''phyi don'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/phyi_don|title=Phyi don|website=Dharma Dictionary|access-date=September 9, 2016}}</ref> This synthesis of Yogācāra and Madhyamaka, the two great currents of Mahāyāna philosophy, the principles of the vast and the profound as originally set forth by [[Asaṇga]] (fl. 4th century) and [[Nāgārjuna]] (possibly 150-250 CE) respectively, is also characterized by its use of the [[pramāṇa]] methods of [[Dignāga]] (5th-6th century) and [[Dharmakīrti]] (6th-7th century) as integral steps towards the realization of the ultimate.<ref>Doctor, Thomas H. (trans.) Mipham, Jamgon Ju.(author)(2004). '' Speech of Delight: Mipham's Commentary of Shantarakshita's Ornament of the Middle Way''. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications. {{ISBN|1-55939-217-7}}, p.ix</ref> </blockquote><br />
<br />
[[Alexander Berzin (scholar)|Alexander Berzin]] (2006) translates the title into English as ''A Filigree of the Middle Way (dBu-ma rgyan, Skt. Madhyamaka-alamkara)''.<ref>Berzin, Alexander (2006, March). 'Major Indian Authors and Texts for Studying the Four Buddhist Tenet Systems'. ''Study Buddhism''. Source: [http://studybuddhism.com/web/en/archives/sutra/level5_analysis_mind_reality/four_indian_buddhist_tenet_systems/major_indian_authors_texts_tenets.html] (accessed: June 6, 2016)</ref><br />
<br />
=={{anchor|Apoha: negation of the opposite}}Logic==<br />
[[Indian logic]] is primarily a study of inferences and their patterns. A [[pramana]] is a means of knowledge.<ref>Mohanty, Jitendra Nath (1992). ''Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought: An Essay on the Nature of Indian Philosophical Thinking''. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-823960-2}}, p.106</ref> Indian logic was influenced by grammar, and Greek (or classical) logic was influenced by mathematics.<ref name="Matilal, Bimal Krishna 1998 p.14">Matilal, Bimal Krishna (author), Ganeri, Jonardon (editor) & (Tiwari, Heeraman)(1998). ''The Character of Logic in India''. Albany, NY, USA: State University of New York Press. {{ISBN|0-7914-3739-6}} (HC:acid free), p.14</ref> Vidyabhusana (1921), Randle (1930) and [[Fyodor Shcherbatskoy]] (1930) used the terms "Indian logic" and "[[Buddhist logic]]".<ref name="Matilal, Bimal Krishna 1998 p.14"/><br />
<br />
The [[Padmakara Translation Group]] (2005: p.&nbsp;157) rendered Mipham's advice that Buddhist logic is required to engage the text:<br />
<blockquote><br />
In general, it is important to be familiar with the teachings on probative signs and reasoning and, within that context, the notions of other-elimination, the three conditions of the correct sign, and all the methods of proof or refutation.<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
According to the doctrine of ''apoha'' (''gshan-sel-wa'' in Tibetan), an entity is defined as the negation of its opposite; a cow is not a non-cow.<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Trairūpya: the triple-character of inferential sign}}Trairūpya: the three conditions===<br />
[[Dignaga]] formulated [[trairūpya|three conditions]] (Sanskrit: ''trairūpya''; Wylie: tshul-gsum) which a logical sign or mark (''linga'') must fulfill:<br />
#It should be present in the case or object under consideration (''pakṣa'') <br />
#It should be present in a similar case (homologue; ''sapakṣa'') <br />
#It should not be present in a dissimilar case (heterologue; ''vipakṣa'') <br />
When a ''linga'' is identified, there are three possibilities; the sign may be present in all, some or none of the ''sapakṣas'' or ''vipakṣas''. Identifying a sign assumes that it is present in the ''pakṣa'', and the first condition is met. Dignaga combined these in his ''[[Hetucakra]]''.<ref>Matilal, Bimal Krishna (author), Ganeri, Jonardon (editor) & (Tiwari, Heeraman)(1998). ''The Character of Logic in India''. Albany, NY, USA: State University of New York Press. {{ISBN|0-7914-3739-6}} (HC:acid free), p.7-8</ref><br />
<br />
=={{anchor|Exegetical tradition and commentary|Kamalaśīla's ''Commentary''|Ju Mipham's ''Commentary''|Gyaltsab Je's commentary|Tulku Sungrap's commentary}}Interpretation==<br />
<br />
The ''Commentary on Difficult Points'' (Sanskrit: Madhyamālaṃkāra-panjika, Wylie: dbu ma rgyan gyi dka' 'grel) was written by [[Kamalaśīla]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 713–763) Another commentary, ''Remembering The Ornament of the Middle Way'' (Wylie: dbu ma rgyan gyi brjed byang), was written by [[Gyaltsab Je]] (1364–1432). Lobzang Dongak Chökyi Gyatso (Wylie: blo bzang mdo sngags chos kyi rgya mtsho, 1903–1957), also known as Tulku Sungrap, wrote the commentary translated into English as ''The Sword to Cut Through False Views'' (Wylie: dbu ma rgyan gyi mchan 'grel nyung ngu lta ngan gcod pa'i ral gri).<ref>Rigpa Shedra (December, 2008). "Lobzang Dongak Chökyi Gyatso". Source: [http://mnemostore.net/index.php?title=Lobzang_Dongak_Ch%C3%B6kyi_Gyatso]{{dead link|date=April 2015}} (accessed: Tuesday March 3, 2009)</ref><br />
<br />
===Ju Mipham===<br />
The title of Ju Mipham's ''Commentary'' (Wylie: dbu ma rgyan gyi rnam bshad 'jam dbyangs bla ma dgyes pa'i zhal lung) conveys Mipham's [[Samaya|precepts]] in honouring the dictate of his guru (''rtsa ba'i bla ma''), [[Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo]] (1820–1892), who charged him with the commentary. [[Manjushri]] is used as a term of respect for the scholarship and understanding beyond letters and words of his [[Rimé movement|Rimé]] teacher. [[Suchness]] is the revelation of Mipham's [[vajrayana]] from the Padmakara Translation Group's [[Colophon (publishing)|colophon]] (2005: p.&nbsp;382):<br />
<blockquote><br />
Seeing that there are many reasons for expounding the Madhyamakalankara, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, our incomparable guide, unbounded in his kindness, whose very name I hardly dare to pronounce, who is the very personification of the compassion of the abbot Bodhisattva, of the master Padmasambhava, and of King Trisongdetsen, who is the sovereign among the learned and accomplished, who is supreme Manjushri appearing in the form of a monk in saffron robes, and whose renown fills the world, gave to me the Indian and Tibetan commentaries on the Madhyamakalankara, asking me to study them well and to compose a commentary. And as his diamondlike injunction came down upon my head, I earnestly gave myself to the task.<ref>[[Shantarakshita]] (author);[[Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso|Ju Mipham]] (commentator); [[Padmakara Translation Group]] (translators)(2005). ''The Adornment of the Middle Way: Shantarakshita's Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham.'' Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. {{ISBN|1-59030-241-9}} (alk. paper), p.382</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Ringu Tulku ''et al.'' (2006: pp.&nbsp;193–194), in their survey of the Rimé movement, convey the importance of Mipham's ''Commentary'' to the [[Nyingma]]pa and their view of the [[Two Truths]] doctrine in light of the Svatantrika Madhyamaka ("those who assert the ultimate is the illusory nature") view and its [[Shentong]] Madhyamaka refinement as qualifying the [[Prasangika]] Madhyamaka ("those who make no assertions"):<br />
<blockquote><br />
Then, for the ultimate truth, there are two schools of Madhyamaka: those who assert the ultimate is the illusory nature, and those who make no assertions. To explain further, the first says that the illusory nature is established when the perceiver of an object experiences a perception of that object as being unreal. This view was put forth by Kamalashila, Shantarakshita, and other proponents of the Svatantrika Madhyamaka school. Their view is clearly explained in Mipham Jamyang Gyatso's commentary on Shantarakshita's 'Ornament of the Middle Way.' This commentary by Mipham Rinpoche is often considered the most important philosophical text of the Nyingma lineage in Tibet, particularly for those who follow Mipham Rinpoche's understanding of the Shentong Madhyamaka view.<ref>Ringu Tulku (author, translator); Helm, Ann (co-translator)(2006). ''The Ri-Me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great: A Study of the Buddhist Lineages of Tibet''. Shambhala Publications. {{ISBN|1-59030-286-9}}, pp.193-194</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
=={{anchor|'Neither one nor many' (gcig du 'bral ba'i gtan tshigs)}}Neither one nor many==<br />
The [[mindstream]] of [[Sentient beings (Buddhism)|sentient beings]] is one application of the argument, [[neither one nor many]]. 'Neither one nor many' is an application of the third function of the [[catuṣkoṭi]] of Indian logic. [[Jeffrey Hopkins|Hopkins]] and Napper (1983, 1996: p.&nbsp;160), in ''Meditation on Emptiness'', discussed whether or not a series may be considered a unit:<br />
<blockquote><br />
When a continuum of a lifetime is sought in the individual moments of the continuum, it cannot be found. The continuum is not the individual moments nor their composite; if a continuum were a composite of the moments, either each moment would be a continuum or there would be no separate moments.<ref>Hopkins, Jeffrey (Ed.) & [[Elizabeth Napper|Napper, Elizabeth]] (Assistant Ed.) (1983, 1996). ''Meditation on Emptiness''. Somerville, Massachusetts, USA: Wisdom Publications. {{ISBN|0-86171-110-6}}, p.160</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
===Mindstream===<br />
In the ninth [[shloka]] of the ''Madhyamālaṃkāra'', Śāntarakṣita refutes personal singularity; "person" is conveyed a continuum understood as "neither one nor many". The [[Padmakara Translation Group]] qualifies the word "person" (Wylie: gang zag), extending it to all [[Sentient beings (Buddhism)|sentient beings]].<ref name="Middle Way p.180">[[Shantarakshita]] (author); [[Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso|Ju Mipham]] (commentator); [[Padmakara Translation Group]] (translators)(2005). ''The Adornment of the Middle Way: Shantarakshita's Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham.'' Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. {{ISBN|1-59030-241-9}} (alk. paper), p.180</ref> The shloka is translated by the group<ref name="Middle Way p.180"/> and Doctor.<ref name="Doctor, Thomas H. 2004 p.219">Doctor, Thomas H. (trans.) Mipham, Jamgon Ju.(author)(2004). '' Speech of Delight: Mipham's Commentary of Shantarakshita's Ornament of the Middle Way''. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications. {{ISBN|1-55939-217-7}}, p.219</ref> Ju Mipham's commentary on the verse is likewise translated by both sources.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|"The continuum of sentient beings, the ground that is said to be either fettered or liberated and extends from life to life in samsara, is assumed to be a single entity and is called a person. When it is said that a 'person' wanders in samsara and attains nirvana, many successive (conscious) instants are brought together and are so designated. The conceptual mind refers to this as a 'self', a 'man' and so forth. People do not examine what it is that constitutes their uninterrupted continuum and simply take it for their 'self' and think, "I am{{'"}}.<ref name="Middle Way p.180"/>}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|"The streams of being of sentient beings form the basis for imputing such conventions as bondage, liberation, and the continuity from one cyclic existence to another. It is because of attachment to these streams as if they were singular that the convention of the so-called person is imputed. When it is said that 'the person wandered in cyclic existence but attained liberation', this is posited because of having bound together a multitude of successive instants. Based on the mental observation of those [instants], wandering beings speak of the self, the individual, and so forth, and [it is those instants] that are included in the stream of being. Thus they think, "I!" without any examination or investigation.<ref name="Doctor, Thomas H. 2004 p.219"/>}}<br />
<br />
==Five assertions==<br />
Ju Mipham made five assertions not unique to Śāntarakṣita's view:<ref name="padmakara122">Śāntarakṣita & Ju Mipham (2005) pp.122-141</ref><br />
# Objects (fully qualified objects of comprehension) are posited only with respect to things able to function.<br />
# Consciousness in the absence of an object which knows and illuminates itself is uncommon.<br />
# The external appears through (or due to) one's own mind and is considered mind-only.<br />
# The ultimate is divided into enumerated and non-enumerated ultimates.<br />
# In the enumerated ultimate, objects found by individual valid cognition are understood without contradiction.<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|First assertion}}First===<br />
In the first assertion, Śāntarakṣita makes the [[Sautrantika]] distinction that objects of cognition are of two kinds: abstract, theoretical mental objects (including generalities, like classes of objects and their names) and actual things, defined as things which function. Although the Sautantrika made that distinction for conventional and ultimate truth, Śāntarakṣita discards theoretical or general objects and discusses actual things as conventional truth. He incorporates Dharmakirti's cognition which analyzes conventionalities, connecting that with cognition which analyzes for ultimacy.<ref>Śāntarakṣita & Ju Mipham (2005) pp.122-123</ref><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Second assertion}}Second===<br />
In the second assertion, a self-reflective awareness ([[svasaṃvedana]]) exists; consciousness can be aware of objects of cognition. This position was later critiqued by [[Je Tsongkhapa]] as implying that a self-reflective awareness is separate from objects of cognition. Ju Mipham later qualified its meaning; cognition is self-aware, not a separate material thing.<ref>Śāntarakṣita & Ju Mipham (2005) p.123</ref> <br />
[[File:A grand view of Samye.jpg|thumb|alt=Corner of a large Buddhist monastery|Samye Monastery, founded by Shantaraksita]]<br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Third assertion}}Third===<br />
In the third assertion, the [[consciousness-only]] view of conventional appearances is the best way to progress. Still affirming the supremacy of the [[Madhyamaka]] school when students analyze for ultimacy, when relating to conventionalities the mind-only position is recommended.<ref>Śāntarakṣita & Ju Mipham (2005) pp.123-125</ref><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Fourth assertion}}Fourth===<br />
The fourth assertion distinguishes between the ultimate way of abiding established by the Madhyamaka method (the non-enumerated ultimate) and an approximate (enumerated) ultimate: a lesser, conventional understanding of the ultimate which leads to the non-enumerated ultimate.<ref name="Shantarakshita125">Śāntarakṣita & Ju Mipham (2005) pp.125-135</ref> As part of his explanation of why this is useful, Mipham quotes [[Gorampa]] (who references the [[Catuskoti#Four Extremes|four conceptual extremes]]) (Wylie: mtha' bzhi; Sanskrit: caturanta):<br />
{{blockquote|The intellect of ordinary people, which investigates ultimate reality, cannot refute in a single stroke all four conceptual extremes. But by refuting these four extremes one after the other and by meditating properly, one reaches the [[Bhumi (Buddhism)|path of seeing]]. This is called the view that sees the dharmadatu.}}<br />
<br />
To analyze the extremes of existence and non-existence, Ju Mipham advises students to contemplate and establish the lack of inherent existence and then contemplate the extreme of non-existence. In contemplating step by step and enumerating the conceptual extremes, a student progresses toward the ultimate. When all extremes have been analyzed, they reach the non-enumerative (true) ultimate.<ref name="Shantarakshita125" /><br />
<br />
==={{anchor|Fifth assertion}}Fifth===<br />
In the fifth assertion, analysis of objects with respect to approximate (enumerated) ultimates does not create a problem of true establishment. A distinction can be made when analyzing for each case, including the two approaches to cognition (one for the conventional domain and the other to analyze for ultimacy) which are his additions to the [[Pramana]] tradition of valid cognition. Mipham uses this demonstration in his commentary to point out a problem with Je Tsongkhapa's approach of negating the predicate of "true establishment" instead of the object of perception, which is avoided in Śāntarakṣita's approach. Mipham also notes that many [[Prasaṅgika]] writers (similar to their [[Svatantrika]] counterparts) made positive assertions to move students closer to the ultimate view, pointing out that the distinction between Prasangika and Svatantrika lies in how students are taught about conventionalities and not in the consideration of ultimate truth. He concludes that Je Tsongkhapa, in making a distinction based on true establishment, proposes a Svatantrika rather than a Prasangika approach.<ref>Shantarakshita & Ju Mipham (2005) pp.135-147</ref><br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* Banerjee, Anukul Chandra. ''Acarya Santaraksita'' in Bulletin of Tibetology, New Series No. 3, p.&nbsp;1-5. (1982). Gangtok, Sikkim Research Institute of Tibetology and Other Buddhist Studies. [http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/bot/bot_1982_03_01.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304070213/http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/bot/bot_1982_03_01.pdf |date=2009-03-04 }}<br />
*Blumenthal, James. ''The Ornament of the Middle Way: A Study of the Madhyamaka Thought of Shantarakshita''. Snow Lion, (2004). {{ISBN|1-55939-205-3}} - a study and translation of the primary Gelukpa commentary on Shantarakshita's treatise: Gyal-tsab Je's ''Remembering The Ornament of the Middle Way''. <br />
* Doctor, Thomas H. (trans.) Mipham, Jamgon Ju.(author)(2004). '' Speech of Delight: Mipham's Commentary of Shantarakshita's Ornament of the Middle Way''. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications. {{ISBN|1-55939-217-7}} <br />
*Jha, Ganganath (trans.) The Tattvasangraha of Shantaraksita with the Commentary of Kamalashila. 2 volumes. First Edition : Baroda, (G.O.S. No. Lxxxiii) (1939). Reprint; Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, (1986). <br />
*[[Jitendra Nath Mohanty|Mohanty, Jitendra Nath]] (1992). ''Reason and Tradition in Indian Thought: An Essay on the Nature of Indian Philosophical Thinking.'' New York, USA: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-823960-2}}<br />
*Lipman, Kennard (1979). 'A Study of Śāntarakṣita's ''Madhyamakālaṃkāra'''. Thesis. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: University of Saskatchewan. Source: [http://library2.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-10192009-104749/unrestricted/Lipman_Kennard_sec_nc_1979.pdf](accessed: Tuesday November 3, 2009)<br />
*Matilal, Bimal Krishna (author), Ganeri, Jonardon (editor) & (Tiwari, Heeraman)(1998). ''The Character of Logic in India''. Albany, NY, USA: State University of New York Press. {{ISBN|0-7914-3739-6}} <br />
* Murthy, K. Krishna. ''Buddhism in Tibet''. Sundeep Prakashan (1989) {{ISBN|81-85067-16-3}}.<br />
*Phuntsho, Karma. ''Mipham's Dialectics and Debates on Emptiness: To Be, Not to Be or Neither''. London: RoutledgeCurzon (2005) {{ISBN|0-415-35252-5}}<br />
*Prasad, Hari Shankar (ed.). ''Santaraksita, His Life and Work.'' (Collected Articles from "''All India Seminar on Acarya Santaraksita''" held on August 3–5, 2001 at Namdroling Monastery, Mysore, Karnataka). New Delhi, Tibet House, (2003).<br />
*Randle, H. N. (1930). ''Indian Logic in the Early Schools.'' London: Oxford University Press.<br />
* [[Shantarakshita]] (author); [[Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso|Mipham]] (commentator); [[Padmakara Translation Group]] (translators)(2005). ''The Adornment of the Middle Way: Shantarakshita's Madhyamakalankara with commentary by Jamgön Mipham.'' Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. {{ISBN|1-59030-241-9}} <br />
*Stcherbatsky, Th. (1930). ''Buddhist Logic.'' Vols 1 and 2, Bibliotheca Buddhica, 26. Leningrad.<br />
*Vidyabhusana, Satischandra (1921, 1971). ''A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern Schools''. Varanasi: Motilal Banarsidass.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.dharmadownload.net/pages/english/Texts/texts_0005.htm Root text of "Umajen" by Shanta Rakshita; commentary ("Jamyang Gyepai Zhalung") by Mipham Rinpoche]<br />
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{{Buddhism topics}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhyamakalamkara}}<br />
[[Category:Madhyamaka]]<br />
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist texts]]<br />
[[Category:Mahayana texts]]<br />
[[Category:Buddhist philosophy]]<br />
[[Category:Buddhist logic]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kammeta&diff=455544Kammeta2025-05-09T23:21:29Z<p>Stevenagok: cleanup citations to improve readability and improved wording for clarity</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Kammeta<br />
| native_name = <br />
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}}<br />
'''Kammeta''' is a village and [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] in [[Ranga Reddy district]], [[Telangana|TS]], [[India]]. It falls under [[Chevella]] mandal.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{coord|17|23|N|78|10|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}<br />
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[[Category:Villages in Ranga Reddy district]]<br />
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{{Rangareddi-geo-stub}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allwyn_Colony&diff=476001Allwyn Colony2025-02-20T15:46:17Z<p>Stevenagok: reworked article additionally and added references</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=April 2009}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Allwyn Colony<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
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| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = [[GHMC]]<br />
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| area_rank = <br />
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| elevation_m = <br />
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| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
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| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
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| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 500 072<br />
| registration_plate =TG <br />
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| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chevella]]<br />
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| blank4_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br />
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}} <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Allwyn Colony''' is a residential colony in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], Telangana, India. It is located on the northwest fringe of Hyderabad city and is near to [[Kukatpally]]. Allwyn Colony is divided into two phases called 1st and 2nd phases. The colony was constructed in 1980s by [[Hyderabad Allwyn Limited|Hyderabad Allwyn]] for its employees.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Allwyn Colony is developed by the Allwyn Housing Development Society. The Colony was developed to solve the housing problems of the employees in Allwyn Company. So Independent houses have been constructed with different quarters like A-Type, B-Type, C-Type. A-Type has 120 yards of land while B-Type & C-Type quarters have 96 yards (the difference between B and C-Type being the number of rooms). All Quarters have been allotted based on the lottery system. After the Construction, the Society carved out 600 plots, in phase-1 which were allotted to the members in 1987 by draw of lots. The Society then developed the area by providing all basic amenities like Manjeera water, electricity, transportation, temples, commercial complex, Kalayana Mandapam in 2011. Now Allwyn Colony contains more than 1000 independent houses.<br />
<br />
== Public Transportation ==<br />
Allwyn colony is well connected to the rest of the city by state-owned bus service,([[TSRTC]]). Following are some of the Bus numbers and the corresponding routes in service:<br />
<br />
* 10A/S : goes to [[Secunderabad Railway Station]] (via [[Erragadda]])<br />
* 185S : goes to [[Koti, Hyderabad|Koti]], CBS (via [[Erragadda]])<br />
* 30A : goes to [[Secunderabad]] (via [[Jagatgiri Gutta]], [[Balanagar, Ranga Reddy|Balanagar]])<br />
* 19K/A : goes to [[Mehidipatnam]] (via [[Kukatpally]], [[Ameerpet]], [[Banjara Hills]])<br />
* 10K/J : starts at [[JagathgiriGutta]] goes to [[Secunderabad Railway Station]] (via Allwyn colony, [[Erragadda]]),<br />
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Shared autos are available on a regular basis from [[Kukatpally]] and [[KPHB]] bus stops to the colony.<br />
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==Education==<br />
Allwyn Colony has a good number of educational institutions such as Bhashyam School, Nagarjuna High School, [[SSD Grammar High School]], Akshara Techno School, Tagore Public School, Vasara Vidyalaya, Jeevan Jyothi Public School, Montessori High School, Siddhartha High School<br />
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==Neighboring colonies==<br />
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[[Vivekananda Nagar Colony]], Venkatpapiah Nagar, Sai Nagar, Kamalaprasanna Nagar, [[Madhavaram Nagar]], Tulasi Nagar, Bhagyanagar colony, [[Jagathgiri Gutta]], [[Yallama Banda]], Venkateshwara Nagar, [[KPHB]].<br />
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==GHMC Wards==<br />
2015 GHMC General election Allwyn Colony Became New Corporation wards under Kukatpally Zone which comes under West Zone. [[Dodla Venkatesh Goud]] is a Present GHMC Corporator.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [https://archive.today/20130116015906/http://g.co/maps/63cjr Google Map]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110906015336/http://www.cyberabadpolice.gov.in/knowyourpolicestation/Kukatpally.htm Cyberabad Police -- Beat Areas]<br />
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{{Neighbourhoods of Hyderabad}}<br />
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[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Municipal wards of Hyderabad, India]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Biodiversity,_Protected_areas_%26_Environment_of_India&diff=545225Bharatpedia:WikiProject Biodiversity, Protected areas & Environment of India2025-01-06T14:00:27Z<p>Stevenagok: added initial data basic info</p>
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<div>{{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation|small=yes}}<br />
{{WikiProject status|Defunct|date=November 2020|sc1=WP:INPA|sc2=WP:WINDPA}}<br/><br />
<center>[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas of India|WikiProject Protected areas of India]] has been renamed to </center> <br/> <center>'''WikiProject Biodiversity, Protected areas & Environment of India'''</center><br/><br />
This [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProject]] was launched to help collaboratively create informative and well-written articles on the following topics:<br />
* [[Protected areas of India]], which include [[National Parks of India|national park]]s, [[Wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuaries]], [[Biosphere reserves of India|biosphere reserves]], and other protected areas of India.<br />
* Biodiversity of India, including [[Flora of India|flora]] and [[Fauna of India|fauna]].<br />
* Environmental issues concerning India.<br />
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==Dashboard==<br />
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This is the ''only'' part of the front page that should be edited on a regular basis - edits of other sections constitute policy change. Please discuss major changes on the [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Biodiversity, Protected areas & Environment of India|talk page]] before editing the front page of the project.<br />
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{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas of India/Dashboard}}<br />
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==Goals==<br />
===Long term goals===<br />
Long term goals are to provide [[Wikipedia:Featured_articles|featured articles]], [[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|featured images]], and [[Wikipedia:Featured_lists|featured lists]] to the Wikipedia community on topics relating to the protected areas of India.<br />
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===Immediate goals===<br />
The immediate goal is to provide start class articles for every wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve, and national park in India, as well as the following checklist of articles.<br />
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[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas of India/Checklist]]<br />
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==Guidelines==<br />
See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas of India/Guidelines]]<br />
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==Project categories and templates==<br />
See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas of India/Categories and Templates]]<br />
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==How to sign up==<br />
Please add yourself to the bottom of the list of members in the dashboard by typing <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> and add a note if you wish.<br />
See the project userbox at the project templates and categories page : [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas of India/Categories and Templates]]<br />
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==Lineage==<br />
===Parentage===<br />
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India]]<br />
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Geography]]<br />
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life]]<br />
**[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Protected areas]]<br />
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===Descendant WikiProjects===<br />
No descendant WikiProjects have been yet defined.<br />
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===Similar WikiProjects===<br />
No similar WikiProjects have been yet defined.--><br />
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==Discussion==<br />
*[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Biodiversity, Protected areas & Environment of India]]<br />
{{User:WolterBot/Cleanup listing subscription|Protected areas of India}}<br />
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==Tools==<br />
:''Main tool page: [[tools:~dispenser/view/Tools|toolserver.org]]''<br />
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Reflinks|Reflinks]] - Edits bare references - adds title/dates etc. to bare references<br />
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Checklinks|Checklinks]] - Edit and repair external links<br />
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Dab_solver|Dab solver]] - Quickly resolve ambiguous links.<br />
*[[tools:~dispenser/view/Peer_reviewer|Peer reviewer]] - Provides hints and suggestion to improving articles.<br />
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{{Wikipedia policies and guidelines|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{WikiProject Footer}}<br />
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[[Category:WikiProject Protected areas of India| ]]<br />
[[Category:India-related WikiProjects|Protected areas of India]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karnavedha&diff=448431Karnavedha2024-11-07T01:10:47Z<p>Stevenagok: Page updated with additional details</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Hindu rite of passage with ear piercing}}<br />
{{Hinduism}}<br />
'''''Karnavedha''''' ({{langx|sa|कर्णवेध}}, {{IAST|Karṇavedha}}) or '''''Karnavedham''''' is one of the sixteen major ''[[Samskara (rite of passage)|samskaras]]'' (sacraments) known as "Shodasha Samskaras" of [[Hinduism]]. It is an [[ear piercing]] ceremony that is typically performed between the first and fifth years of life. This can also be performed during later years.&lt;ref&gt;Pandey, R.B., "The Hindu Sacraments (Sanskāra)" in S. Radhakrishnan (ed.) ''The Cultural Heritage of India'', vol.II, (1962, reprint 2003). Kolkata:The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, {{ISBN|81-85843-03-1}}, p.402&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
[[Image:Upanayanam.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Karnavedham]] of Brahmin boy (both ears pierced)]]<br />
Brahmins, especially those studying the [[vedas]], undergo ''karnavedha'' and the other ''samskaras'' during their lifetime. The ''samskaras'' are mentioned in the [[Brahmana]] portion of the vedas. Some scholars advise that the performance of ''karnavedha'' should be considered just as important as ''[[upanayanam]]'' (sacred thread ceremony - another major ''samskara'') and the other sacraments as each holds its own symbolic spiritual value. <br />
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While equally recommended for males and females, in modern times, ''karnavedha'' has become an uncommon practice amongst males. <br />
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''Karnavedha'' is considered a vedic rite of passage with symbolic spiritual significance. Some believe that it is intended to open the inner ears for receiving sacred sounds. Hearing of sacred sounds with concentration is considered meritorious in that it cleanses the mind and nurtures the spirit. <br />
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During certain medieval periods, "''karnavedha''" became associated with religious attire and its performance became obligatory to the extent that its non-performance became regarded as sinful among some communities.<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Hindu samskaras}}<br />
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[[Category:Samskaras]]<br />
[[Category:Rituals]]<br />
[[Category:Ear piercing]]<br />
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{{Hinduism-stub}}<br />
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[[ta:காதணி விழா]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilayat_Ali&diff=545738Wilayat Ali2024-11-01T13:08:33Z<p>Stevenagok: added basic bio nd citations.</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian satirist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
'''Wilayat Ali''' (1885–1918; [[pen name]] '''Bambooque'''; {{langx|ur|ولایت علی|translit=vilāyat 'alī}}) was an [[India|Indian]] [[satirist]] who wrote in both [[Urdu]] and [[English language|English]]. He was born in [[Masauli]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and studied at the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hasan|first1=Mushirul|title=Political satire in modern India|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lr/2003/04/06/stories/2003040600010100.htm|accessdate=11 February 2018|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 April 2003}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He was a staunch critic of [[British Raj|British rule]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]], often writing in ''[[The Comrade]]'' and ''New Era''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kidwai|first1=Anis|title=In Freedom's Shade|date=1 March 2011|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9788184751529}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Indian satirists]]<br />
[[Category:1885 births]]<br />
[[Category:1918 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College alumni]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phalguni&diff=525327Phalguni2024-10-26T20:35:55Z<p>Stevenagok: </p>
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<div>{{wikt|sa:फाल्गुनी|Phalguna}}<br />
'''Phalguni''' (Sanskrit for "reddish, red") may be:<br />
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* [[Phalguni river]], river in Karnataka, India<br />
* an asterism and lunar mansion in traditional Hindu astronomy and astrology, see [[Nakshatra#List of Nakshatras]]<br />
* [[Phalguni Pathak]], Indian singer<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Falguni (disambiguation)]]<br />
*[[Phalguna]], a month of the Hindu calendar (February-March)<br />
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{{disambiguation}}</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balasubramaniyaswamy_Temple&diff=489296Balasubramaniyaswamy Temple2024-09-05T14:20:02Z<p>Stevenagok: Creating location</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
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{{Infobox temple<br />
| name = Balasubramaniyaswamy Temple<br />
| image = Balasubramania swamy temple vennamalai.JPG<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|10|59|30|N|78|04|24|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| other_names = <br />
| proper_name = <br />
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| country = [[India]]<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| district = [[Karur district|Karur]]<br />
| location = [[Vennaimalai]]<br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| deity = Balasubramaniyaswamy ([[Murugan]])<br />
| primary_deity_Godess = <br />
| utsava_deity_God = <br />
| utsava_deity_Godess= <br />
| Direction_posture = <br />
| Pushakarani = <br />
| Vimanam = <br />
| Poets = <br />
| Prathyaksham = <br />
| festivals= <br />
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]<br />
| temple_quantity = <br />
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'''Balasubramaniyaswamy temple''' (also called '''Vennaimalai Murugan temple''') in [[Vennaimalai]], a village in the outskirts of [[Karur]] in [[Karur district]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Murugan]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is located in the Karur - Pugalur Road. The legend of the temple is associated with [[Kamadhenu]] taking up the duties of Hindu god of creation [[Brahma]] and creating the hill of butter named Vennaimalai.<br />
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The temple has an elevated structure, a three-tiered gateway tower, the [[gopuram]], leading to the sanctum. The temple is open from 6:30 am – 12:00 pm and 5 - 8:30 pm. Four daily rituals and many yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which Panguni Uthiram festival celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Panguni'' (March - April), Thai Poosam during ''Thai'' (January - February) and Karthikai during November - December being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
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==Legend==<br />
As per Hindu legend, [[Brahma]], the Hindu god of creation was very proud about his profession and [[Shiva]] wanted to teach him a lesson. Brahma was overloaded at one point and could not continue his profession. He realised his mistake and prayed to Shiva seeking relief. Shiva directed him to Vanjimalai to perform penance praying to Muruga. [[Kamadenu]], the divine cow, took up the role of Brahma to create beings in earth. It is believed that the cow created a hill made of butter (called ''vennai'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and the sacred tank with its milk. It was built by Thinnappa Chettiar, Karur.<br />
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==Architecture==<br />
The temple is located in [[Vennaimalai]], in the outskirts of [[Karur]] in [[Karur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] on the road from Karur to Vennaimalai.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1961: Madras Volume 9, Issue 1 of Census of India, 1961, India. Office of the Registrar General|last=India. Office of the Registrar General|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=1965}}</ref> The temple has an elevated structure climbed through a flight of steps. There is a three-tiered raja''[[gopuram]]'', the gateway tower leading to the sanctum. At the bottom of the hill there is a tall granite pillar which is axial to the sanctum. The sanctum houses the image of Balasubramaniyaswamy. In the north west shrine facing the sanctum, the images of Kasi Viswanathar and Visalakshi, the parents of Balasubramaniyaswamy are housed. There is a shrine of Vinayaga facing east in the foothills. The temple tank, Thenu theertham is located outside the temple<ref>{{cite web|title=Vennaimalai Murugan temple |url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/06084429/vennaimalai-murugan-temple-kar.html |publisher=Malaaimalar |date=6 July 2015 |accessdate=27 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208073002/http://www.maalaimalar.com/2013/07/06084429/vennaimalai-murugan-temple-kar.html |archivedate=8 December 2015 }}</ref> In modern times, the Karur district administration has identified the temple as one of the prominent tourist attractions in the district.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tourist places|url=http://www.karur.tn.nic.in/tourist.htm|year=2011|accessdate=26 November 2015|publisher=Karur district administration, Government of Tamil Nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208192646/http://www.karur.tn.nic.in/tourist.htm|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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==Festival and religious practices==<br />
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are performed four times a day: ''Kalasandhi'' at 8:00&nbsp;a.m., ''Uchikala poojai'' at 12:00&nbsp;p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00&nbsp;p.m., and ''Arthajama Pooja'' at 8:15&nbsp;p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for the presiding deities. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. The temple is open from 6:00 am – 12:00 pm and 5 - 8:30 pm on all days except during festive occasions when it has extended timings. The major festivals of the temple include the Panguni Uthiram festival celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Panguni'' (March - April), Thai Poosam during ''Thai'' (January - February) and Karthikai during November - December.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Balasubramaniyaswamy temple|publisher=Dinamalar |url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=979|year=2011|access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> The temple also offers Annadanam scheme from 2006, where lunch is served to the devotees everyday with the arrangements made by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board.<ref name=hindu1>{{cite news|title=Govt. extends annadhanam scheme to 18 more temples|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/govt-extends-annadhanam-scheme-to-18-more-temples/article3239926.ece|work=The Hindu|date=14 January 2006|accessdate=26 November 2015}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Murugan temples}}<br />
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[[Category:Hindu temples in Karur district]]<br />
[[Category:Murugan temples in Tamil Nadu]]</div>Stevenagokhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thungri&diff=541226Thungri2024-04-29T13:09:46Z<p>Stevenagok: Created redirect page</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Thumri]]</div>Stevenagok